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Weng T, Zheng Y, Xie Y, Qin W, Guo L. Diagnosing schizophrenia using deep learning: Novel interpretation approaches and multi-site validation. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148876. [PMID: 38513996 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a profound and enduring mental disorder that imposes significant negative impacts on individuals, their families, and society at large. The development of more accurate and objective diagnostic tools for schizophrenia can be expedited through the employment of deep learning (DL), that excels at deciphering complex hierarchical non-linear patterns. However, the limited interpretability of deep learning has eroded confidence in the model and restricted its clinical utility. At the same time, if the data source is only derived from a single center, the model's generalizability is difficult to test. To enhance the model's reliability and applicability, leave-one-center-out validation with a large and diverse sample from multiple centers is crucial. In this study, we utilized Nine different global centers to train and test the 3D Resnet model's generalizability, resulting in an 82% classification performance (area under the curve) on all datasets sourced from different countries, employing a leave-one-center-out-validation approach. Per our approximation of the feature significance of each region on the atlas, we identified marked differences in the thalamus, pallidum, and inferior frontal gyrus between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, lending credence to prior research findings. At the same time, in order to translate the model's output into clinically applicable insights, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) permutation explainer method with an anatomical atlas have been refined, thereby offering precise neuroanatomical and functional interpretations of different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Weng
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Yuemei Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong 100038, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
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Thomas ER, Haarsma J, Nicholson J, Yon D, Kok P, Press C. Predictions and errors are distinctly represented across V1 layers. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2265-2271.e4. [PMID: 38697110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Popular accounts of mind and brain propose that the brain continuously forms predictions about future sensory inputs and combines predictions with inputs to determine what we perceive.1,2,3,4,5,6 Under "predictive processing" schemes, such integration is supported by the hierarchical organization of the cortex, whereby feedback connections communicate predictions from higher-level deep layers to agranular (superficial and deep) lower-level layers.7,8,9,10 Predictions are compared with input to compute the "prediction error," which is transmitted up the hierarchy from superficial layers of lower cortical regions to the middle layers of higher areas, to update higher-level predictions until errors are reconciled.11,12,13,14,15 In the primary visual cortex (V1), predictions have thereby been proposed to influence representations in deep layers while error signals may be computed in superficial layers. Despite the framework's popularity, there is little evidence for these functional distinctions because, to our knowledge, unexpected sensory events have not previously been presented in human laminar paradigms to contrast against expected events. To this end, this 7T fMRI study contrasted V1 responses to expected (75% likely) and unexpected (25%) Gabor orientations. Multivariate decoding analyses revealed an interaction between expectation and layer, such that expected events could be decoded with comparable accuracy across layers, while unexpected events could only be decoded in superficial laminae. Although these results are in line with these accounts that have been popular for decades, such distinctions have not previously been demonstrated in humans. We discuss how both prediction and error processes may operate together to shape our unitary perceptual experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Thomas
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Medical Center, 435 East 30(th) Street, New York 10016, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Joost Haarsma
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Jessica Nicholson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Daniel Yon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Peter Kok
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Clare Press
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, UK.
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Kotov R, Carpenter WT, Cicero DC, Correll CU, Martin EA, Young JW, Zald DH, Jonas KG. Psychosis superspectrum II: neurobiology, treatment, and implications. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02410-1. [PMID: 38351173 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Alternatives to traditional categorical diagnoses have been proposed to improve the validity and utility of psychiatric nosology. This paper continues the companion review of an alternative model, the psychosis superspectrum of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The superspectrum model aims to describe psychosis-related psychopathology according to data on distributions and associations among signs and symptoms. The superspectrum includes psychoticism and detachment spectra as well as narrow subdimensions within them. Auxiliary domains of cognitive deficit and functional impairment complete the psychopathology profile. The current paper reviews evidence on this model from neurobiology, treatment response, clinical utility, and measure development. Neurobiology research suggests that psychopathology included in the superspectrum shows similar patterns of neural alterations. Treatment response often mirrors the hierarchy of the superspectrum with some treatments being efficacious for psychoticism, others for detachment, and others for a specific subdimension. Compared to traditional diagnostic systems, the quantitative nosology shows an approximately 2-fold increase in reliability, explanatory power, and prognostic accuracy. Clinicians consistently report that the quantitative nosology has more utility than traditional diagnoses, but studies of patients with frank psychosis are currently lacking. Validated measures are available to implement the superspectrum model in practice. The dimensional conceptualization of psychosis-related psychopathology has implications for research, clinical practice, and public health programs. For example, it encourages use of the cohort study design (rather than case-control), transdiagnostic treatment strategies, and selective prevention based on subclinical symptoms. These approaches are already used in the field, and the superspectrum provides further impetus and guidance for their implementation. Existing knowledge on this model is substantial, but significant gaps remain. We identify outstanding questions and propose testable hypotheses to guide further research. Overall, we predict that the more informative, reliable, and valid characterization of psychopathology offered by the superspectrum model will facilitate progress in research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | | | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Abram SV, Hua JPY, Nicholas S, Roach B, Keedy S, Sweeney JA, Mathalon DH, Ford JM. Pons-to-Cerebellum Hypoconnectivity Along the Psychosis Spectrum and Associations With Sensory Prediction and Hallucinations in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00023-5. [PMID: 38311290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory prediction allows the brain to anticipate and parse incoming self-generated sensory information from externally generated signals. Sensory prediction breakdowns may contribute to perceptual and agency abnormalities in psychosis (hallucinations, delusions). The pons, a central node in a cortico-ponto-cerebellar-thalamo-cortical circuit, is thought to support sensory prediction. Examination of pons connectivity in schizophrenia and its role in sensory prediction abnormalities is lacking. METHODS We examined these relationships using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and the electroencephalography-based auditory N1 event-related potential in 143 participants with psychotic spectrum disorders (PSPs) (with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder); 63 first-degree relatives of individuals with psychosis; 45 people at clinical high risk for psychosis; and 124 unaffected comparison participants. This unique sample allowed examination across the psychosis spectrum and illness trajectory. Seeding from the pons, we extracted average connectivity values from thalamic and cerebellar clusters showing differences between PSPs and unaffected comparison participants. We predicted N1 amplitude attenuation during a vocalization task from pons connectivity and group membership. We correlated participant-level connectivity in PSPs and people at clinical high risk for psychosis with hallucination and delusion severity. RESULTS Compared to unaffected comparison participants, PSPs showed pons hypoconnectivity to 2 cerebellar clusters, and first-degree relatives of individuals with psychosis showed hypoconnectivity to 1 of these clusters. Pons-to-cerebellum connectivity was positively correlated with N1 attenuation; only PSPs with heightened pons-to-postcentral gyrus connectivity showed this pattern, suggesting a possible compensatory mechanism. Pons-to-cerebellum hypoconnectivity was correlated with greater hallucination severity specifically among PSPs with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Deficient pons-to-cerebellum connectivity linked sensory prediction network breakdowns with perceptual abnormalities in schizophrenia. Findings highlight shared features and clinical heterogeneity across the psychosis spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Abram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessica P Y Hua
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Spero Nicholas
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Brian Roach
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.
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Larsen KM, Madsen KS, Ver Loren van Themaat AH, Thorup AAE, Plessen KJ, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Siebner HR. Children at Familial High risk of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Exhibit Altered Connectivity Patterns During Pre-attentive Processing of an Auditory Prediction Error. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:166-176. [PMID: 37379847 PMCID: PMC10754183 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have attenuated auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) responses, indicating impaired sensory information processing. Computational models of effective connectivity between brain areas underlying MMN responses show reduced connectivity between fronto-temporal areas in individuals with schizophrenia. Here we ask whether children at familial high risk (FHR) of developing a serious mental disorder show similar alterations. STUDY DESIGN We recruited 67 children at FHR for schizophrenia, 47 children at FHR for bipolar disorder as well as 59 matched population-based controls from the Danish High Risk and Resilience study. The 11-12-year-old participants engaged in a classical auditory MMN paradigm with deviations in frequency, duration, or frequency and duration, while we recorded their EEG. We used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to infer on the effective connectivity between brain areas underlying MMN. STUDY RESULTS DCM yielded strong evidence for differences in effective connectivity among groups in connections from right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) to right superior temporal gyrus (STG), along with differences in intrinsic connectivity within primary auditory cortex (A1). Critically, the 2 high-risk groups differed in intrinsic connectivity in left STG and IFG as well as effective connectivity from right A1 to right STG. Results persisted even when controlling for past or present psychiatric diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel evidence that connectivity underlying MMN responses in children at FHR for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is altered at the age of 11-12, echoing findings that have been found in individuals with manifest schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Melissa Larsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Hester Ver Loren van Themaat
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sauer A, Grent-'t-Jong T, Zeev-Wolf M, Singer W, Goldstein A, Uhlhaas PJ. Spectral and phase-coherence correlates of impaired auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia: A MEG study. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:60-71. [PMID: 37708723 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is robustly impaired in schizophrenia. However, mechanisms underlying dysfunctional MMN generation remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to examine the role of evoked spectral power and phase-coherence towards deviance detection and its impairments in schizophrenia. METHODS Magnetoencephalography data was collected in 16 male schizophrenia patients and 16 male control participants during an auditory MMN paradigm. Analyses of event-related fields (ERF), spectral power and inter-trial phase-coherence (ITPC) focused on Heschl's gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior/medial frontal gyrus and thalamus. RESULTS MMNm ERF amplitudes were reduced in patients in temporal, frontal and subcortical regions, accompanied by decreased theta-band responses, as well as by a diminished gamma-band response in auditory cortex. At theta/alpha frequencies, ITPC to deviant tones was reduced in patients in frontal cortex and thalamus. Patients were also characterized by aberrant responses to standard tones as indexed by reduced theta-/alpha-band power and ITPC in temporal and frontal regions. Moreover, stimulus-specific adaptation was decreased at theta/alpha frequencies in left temporal regions, which correlated with reduced MMNm spectral power and ERF amplitude. Finally, phase-reset of alpha-oscillations after deviant tones in left thalamus was impaired, which correlated with impaired MMNm generation in auditory cortex. Importantly, both non-rhythmic and rhythmic components of spectral activity contributed to the MMNm response. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that deficits in theta-/alpha- and gamma-band activity in cortical and subcortical regions as well as impaired spectral responses to standard sounds could constitute potential mechanisms for dysfunctional MMN generation in schizophrenia, providing a novel perspective towards MMN deficits in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sauer
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Straße 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstr. 46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, G12 8QB Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Maor Zeev-Wolf
- Department of Education and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Wolf Singer
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Straße 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstr. 46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Abraham Goldstein
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, G12 8QB Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Okazaki M, Yumoto M, Kaneko Y, Maruo K. Correlation of motor-auditory cross-modal and auditory unimodal N1 and mismatch responses of schizophrenic patients and normal subjects: an MEG study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1217307. [PMID: 37886112 PMCID: PMC10598755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1217307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been suggested that the positive symptoms of schizophrenic patients (hallucinations, delusions, and passivity experience) are caused by dysfunction of their internal and external sensory prediction errors. This is often discussed as related to dysfunction of the forward model that executes self-monitoring. Several reports have suggested that dysfunction of the forward model in schizophrenia causes misattributions of self-generated thoughts and actions to external sources. There is some evidence that the forward model can be measured using the electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) components such as N1 (m) and mismatch negativity (MMN) (m). The objective in this MEG study is to investigate differences in the N1m and MMNm-like activity generated in motor-auditory cross-modal tasks in normal control (NC) subjects and schizophrenic (SC) patients, and compared that activity with N1m and MMNm in the auditory unimodal task. Methods The N1m and MMNm/MMNm-like activity were recorded in 15 SC patients and 12 matched NC subjects. The N1m-attenuation effects and peak amplitude of MMNm/MMNm-like activity of the NC and SC groups were compared. Additionally, correlations between MEG measures (N1m suppression rate, MMNm, and MMNm-like activity) and clinical variables (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and antipsychotic drug (APD) dosages) in SC patients were investigated. Results It was found that (i) there was no significant difference in N1m-attenuation for the NC and SC groups, and that (ii) MMNm in the unimodal task in the SC group was significantly smaller than that in the NC group. Further, the MMNm-like activity in the cross-modal task was smaller than that of the MMNm in the unimodal task in the NC group, but there was no significant difference in the SC group. The PANSS positive symptoms and general psychopathology score were moderately negatively correlated with the amplitudes of the MMNm-like activity, and the APD dosage was moderately negatively correlated with the N1m suppression rate. However, none of these correlations reached statistical significance. Discussion The findings suggest that schizophrenic patients perform altered predictive processes differently from healthy subjects in latencies reflecting MMNm, depending on whether they are under forward model generation or not. This may support the hypothesis that schizophrenic patients tend to misattribute their inner experience to external agents, thus leading to the characteristic schizophrenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ome Municipal General Hospital, Ome, Japan
| | - Masato Yumoto
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Medical Science and Technology, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Yuu Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Erdeniz B, Tekgün E, Lenggenhager B, Lopez C. Visual perspective, distance, and felt presence of others in dreams. Conscious Cogn 2023; 113:103547. [PMID: 37390767 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The peripersonal space, that is, the limited space surrounding the body, involves multisensory coding and representation of the self in space. Previous studies have shown that peripersonal space representation and the visual perspective on the environment can be dramatically altered when neurotypical individuals self-identify with a distant avatar (i.e., in virtual reality) or during clinical conditions (i.e., out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, depersonalization). Despite its role in many cognitive/social functions, the perception of peripersonal space in dreams, and its relationship with the perception of other characters (interpersonal distance in dreams), remain largely uncharted. The present study aimed to explore the visuospatial properties of this space, which is likely to underlie self-location as well as self/other distinction in dreams. 530 healthy volunteers answered a web-based questionnaire to measure their dominant visuo-spatial perspective in dreams, the frequency of recall for felt distances between their dream self and other dream characters, and the dreamers' viewing angle of other dream characters. Most participants reported dream experiences from a first-person perspective (1PP) (82%) compared to a third-person perspective (3PP) (18%). Independent of their dream perspective, participants reported that they generally perceived other dream characters in their close space, that is, at distance of either between 0 and 90 cm, or 90-180 cm, than in further spaces (180-270 cm). Regardless of the perspective (1PP or 3PP), both groups also reported more frequently seeing other dream characters from eye level (0° angle of viewing) than from above (30° and 60°) or below eye level (-30° and -60°). Moreover, the intensity of sensory experiences in dreams, as measured by the Bodily Self-Consciousness in Dreams Questionnaire, was higher in individuals who habitually see other dream characters closer to their personal dream self (i.e., within 0-90 cm and 90-180 cm). These preliminary findings offer a new, phenomenological account of space representation in dreams with regards to the felt presence of others. They might provide insights not only to our understanding of how dreams are formed, but also to the type of neurocomputations involved in self/other distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Erdeniz
- İzmir University of Economics, Department of Psychology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ege Tekgün
- İzmir University of Economics, Department of Psychology, İzmir, Turkey
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Teixeira FL, Costa MRE, Abreu JP, Cabral M, Soares SP, Teixeira JP. A Narrative Review of Speech and EEG Features for Schizophrenia Detection: Progress and Challenges. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040493. [PMID: 37106680 PMCID: PMC10135748 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental illness that affects an estimated 21 million people worldwide. The literature establishes that electroencephalography (EEG) is a well-implemented means of studying and diagnosing mental disorders. However, it is known that speech and language provide unique and essential information about human thought. Semantic and emotional content, semantic coherence, syntactic structure, and complexity can thus be combined in a machine learning process to detect schizophrenia. Several studies show that early identification is crucial to prevent the onset of illness or mitigate possible complications. Therefore, it is necessary to identify disease-specific biomarkers for an early diagnosis support system. This work contributes to improving our knowledge about schizophrenia and the features that can identify this mental illness via speech and EEG. The emotional state is a specific characteristic of schizophrenia that can be identified with speech emotion analysis. The most used features of speech found in the literature review are fundamental frequency (F0), intensity/loudness (I), frequency formants (F1, F2, and F3), Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC's), the duration of pauses and sentences (SD), and the duration of silence between words. Combining at least two feature categories achieved high accuracy in the schizophrenia classification. Prosodic and spectral or temporal features achieved the highest accuracy. The work with higher accuracy used the prosodic and spectral features QEVA, SDVV, and SSDL, which were derived from the F0 and spectrogram. The emotional state can be identified with most of the features previously mentioned (F0, I, F1, F2, F3, MFCCs, and SD), linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCC), linear spectral features (LSF), and the pause rate. Using the event-related potentials (ERP), the most promissory features found in the literature are mismatch negativity (MMN), P2, P3, P50, N1, and N2. The EEG features with higher accuracy in schizophrenia classification subjects are the nonlinear features, such as Cx, HFD, and Lya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Lage Teixeira
- Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CEDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Engineering Department, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel Rocha E Costa
- Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CEDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Pio Abreu
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hospital da Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Cabral
- Engineering Department, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Salviano Pinto Soares
- Engineering Department, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CEDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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10
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Ngo HVV, Oster H, Andreou C, Obleser J. Circadian rhythms in auditory hallucinations and psychosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13944. [PMID: 36744985 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are imprinted in all organisms and influence virtually all aspects of physiology and behavior in adaptation to the 24-h day-night cycle. This recognition of a circadian timekeeping system permeating essentially all healthy functioning of body and mind quickly leads to the realization that, in turn, human ailments should be probed for the degree to which they are rooted in or marked by disruptions and dysregulations of circadian clock functions in the human body. In this review, we will focus on psychosis as a key mental illness and foremost one of its cardinal symptoms: auditory hallucinations. We will discuss recent empirical evidence and conceptual advances probing the potential role of circadian disruption in auditory hallucinations. Moreover, a dysbalance in excitation and inhibition within cortical networks, which in turn drive a disinhibition of dopaminergic signaling, will be highlighted as central physiological mechanism. Finally, we will propose two avenues for experimentally intervening on the circadian influences to potentially alleviate hallucinations in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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11
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Evidence for predictions established by phantom sound. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119766. [PMID: 36435344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictions, the bridge between the internal and external worlds, are established by prior experience and updated by sensory stimuli. Responses to omitted but unexpected stimuli, known as omission responses, can break the one-to-one mapping of stimulus-response and can expose predictions established by the preceding stimulus built up. While research into exogenous predictions (driven by external stimuli) is often reported, that into endogenous predictions (driven by internal percepts) is rarely available in the literature. Here, we report evidence for endogenous predictions established by the Zwicker tone illusion, a phantom pure-tone-like auditory percept following notch noises. We found that MMN, P300, and theta oscillations could be recorded using an omission paradigm in subjects who can perceive Zwicker tone illusions, but could not in those who cannot. The MMN and P300 responses relied on attention, but theta oscillations did not. In-depth analysis shows that an increase in single-trial theta power, including total and induced theta, with the endogenous prediction, is lateralized to the left frontal brain areas. Our study depicts that the brain automatically analyzes internal perception, progressively establishes predictions and yields prediction errors in the left frontal region when a violation occurs.
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12
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Abram SV, Hua JPY, Ford JM. Consider the pons: bridging the gap on sensory prediction abnormalities in schizophrenia. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:798-808. [PMID: 36123224 PMCID: PMC9588719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A shared mechanism across species heralds the arrival of self-generated sensations, helping the brain to anticipate, and therefore distinguish, self-generated from externally generated sensations. In mammals, this sensory prediction mechanism is supported by communication within a cortico-ponto-cerebellar-thalamo-cortical loop. Schizophrenia is associated with impaired sensory prediction as well as abnormal structural and functional connections between nodes in this circuit. Despite the pons' principal role in relaying and processing sensory information passed from the cortex to cerebellum, few studies have examined pons connectivity in schizophrenia. Here, we first briefly describe how the pons contributes to sensory prediction. We then summarize schizophrenia-related abnormalities in the cortico-ponto-cerebellar-thalamo-cortical loop, emphasizing the dearth of research on the pons relative to thalamic and cerebellar connections. We conclude with recommendations for advancing our understanding of how the pons relates to sensory prediction failures in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Abram
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica P Y Hua
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Morris SE, Sanislow CA, Pacheco J, Vaidyanathan U, Gordon JA, Cuthbert BN. Revisiting the seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Med 2022; 20:220. [PMID: 35768815 PMCID: PMC9245309 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, a few years after the launch of the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, Cuthbert and Insel published a paper titled "Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC." The RDoC project is a translational research effort to encourage new ways of studying psychopathology through a focus on disruptions in normal functions (such as reward learning or attention) that are defined jointly by observable behavior and neurobiological measures. The paper outlined the principles of the RDoC research framework, including emphases on research that acquires data from multiple measurement classes to foster integrative analyses, adopts dimensional approaches, and employs novel methods for ascertaining participants and identifying valid subgroups. DISCUSSION To mark the first decade of the RDoC initiative, we revisit the seven pillars and highlight new research findings and updates to the framework that are related to each. This reappraisal emphasizes the flexible nature of the RDoC framework and its application in diverse areas of research, new findings related to the importance of developmental trajectories within and across neurobehavioral domains, and the value of computational approaches for clarifying complex multivariate relations among behavioral and neurobiological systems. CONCLUSION The seven pillars of RDoC have provided a foundation that has helped to guide a surge of new studies that have examined neurobehavioral domains related to mental disorders, in the service of informing future psychiatric nosology. Building on this footing, future areas of emphasis for the RDoC project will include studying central-peripheral interactions, developing novel approaches to phenotyping for genomic studies, and identifying new targets for clinical trial research to facilitate progress in precision psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Morris
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neuroscience Center, 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | | | - Jenni Pacheco
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neuroscience Center, 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Uma Vaidyanathan
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neuroscience Center, 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Present affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Joshua A Gordon
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neuroscience Center, 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bruce N Cuthbert
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neuroscience Center, 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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14
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Ford TC, Hugrass LE, Jack BN. The Relationship Between Affective Visual Mismatch Negativity and Interpersonal Difficulties Across Autism and Schizotypal Traits. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:846961. [PMID: 35399350 PMCID: PMC8983815 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.846961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory deficits are a feature of autism and schizophrenia, as well as the upper end of their non-clinical spectra. The mismatch negativity (MMN), an index of pre-attentive auditory processing, is particularly sensitive in detecting such deficits; however, little is known about the relationship between the visual MMN (vMMN) to facial emotions and autism and schizophrenia spectrum symptom domains. We probed the vMMN to happy, sad, and neutral faces in 61 healthy adults (18-40 years, 32 female), and evaluated their degree of autism and schizophrenia spectrum traits using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The vMMN to happy faces was significantly larger than the vMMNs to sad and neutral faces. The vMMN to happy faces was associated with interpersonal difficulties as indexed by AQ Communication and Attention to Detail subscales, and SPQ associated with more interpersonal difficulties. These data suggest that pre-attentive processing of positive affect might be more specific to the interpersonal features associated with autism and schizophrenia. These findings add valuable insights into the growing body of literature investigating symptom-specific neurobiological markers of autism and schizophrenia spectrum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C. Ford
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laila E. Hugrass
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradley N. Jack
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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15
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Neurophysiology in psychosis: The quest for disease biomarkers. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:100. [PMID: 35277479 PMCID: PMC8917164 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders affect 3% of the population at some stage in life, are a leading cause of disability, and impose a great economic burden on society. Major breakthroughs in the genetics of psychosis have not yet been matched by an understanding of its neurobiology. Biomarkers of perception and cognition obtained through non-invasive neurophysiological tools, especially EEG, offer a unique opportunity to gain mechanistic insights. Techniques for measuring neurophysiological markers are inexpensive and ubiquitous, thus having the potential as an accessible tool for patient stratification towards early treatments leading to better outcomes. In this paper, we review the literature on neurophysiological markers for psychosis and their relevant disease mechanisms, mainly covering event-related potentials including P50/N100 sensory gating, mismatch negativity, and the N100 and P300 waveforms. While several neurophysiological deficits are well established in patients with psychosis, more research is needed to study neurophysiological markers in their unaffected relatives and individuals at clinical high risk. We need to harness EEG to investigate markers of disease risk as key steps to elucidate the aetiology of psychosis and facilitate earlier detection and treatment.
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16
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Donaldson KR, Larsen EM, Jonas K, Tramazzo S, Perlman G, Foti D, Mohanty A, Kotov R. Mismatch negativity amplitude in first-degree relatives of individuals with psychotic disorders: Links with cognition and schizotypy. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:161-169. [PMID: 34695710 PMCID: PMC9235539 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude is reliably reduced in psychotic disorders. While several studies have examined this effect in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia, few have sought to quantify deficits in relatives of individuals with other psychotic disorders. While some conclude that, compared to healthy subjects, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia show reduced MMN, others contradict this finding. Furthermore, though MMN is often shown to be associated with cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms in psychotic disorders, to our knowledge no studies have sought to fully examine these relationships in studies of first-degree relatives. The present study sought to clarify the extent of MMN amplitude reductions in a large sample of siblings of individuals with diverse psychotic disorders (n = 67), compared to probands with psychosis (n = 221) and never psychotic comparison subjects (n = 251). We further examined associations of MMN amplitude with cognition and schizotypal symptoms across these groups. We found that MMN amplitude was intact in siblings compared to probands. MMN amplitude was associated with cognition and schizotypal symptoms dimensionally across levels of familial risk. The present results imply that MMN reductions do not reflect genetic risk for psychotic disorders per se, and instead emerge as a result of, or in conjunction with, clinical features associated with psychosis. Such findings carry important implications for the utility of MMN amplitude as an indicator of inherited risk, and suggest that this component may be best conceptualized as an endophenotype for clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments, rather than risk for psychosis per se.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmett M. Larsen
- Stony Brook University Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Katherine Jonas
- Stony Brook Medicine, Psychiatry Department, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sara Tramazzo
- Stony Brook Medicine, Psychiatry Department, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Greg Perlman
- Stony Brook Medicine, Psychiatry Department, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Dan Foti
- Purdue University Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Aprajita Mohanty
- Stony Brook University Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook Medicine, Psychiatry Department, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America.
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17
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Tarasi L, Trajkovic J, Diciotti S, di Pellegrino G, Ferri F, Ursino M, Romei V. Predictive waves in the autism-schizophrenia continuum: A novel biobehavioral model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1-22. [PMID: 34774901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a predictive machine. Converging data suggests a diametric predictive strategy from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to schizophrenic spectrum disorders (SSD). Whereas perceptual inference in ASD is rigidly shaped by incoming sensory information, the SSD population is prone to overestimate the precision of their priors' models. Growing evidence considers brain oscillations pivotal biomarkers to understand how top-down predictions integrate bottom-up input. Starting from the conceptualization of ASD and SSD as oscillopathies, we introduce an integrated perspective that ascribes the maladjustments of the predictive mechanism to dysregulation of neural synchronization. According to this proposal, disturbances in the oscillatory profile do not allow the appropriate trade-off between descending predictive signal, overweighted in SSD, and ascending prediction errors, overweighted in ASD. These opposing imbalances both result in an ill-adapted reaction to external challenges. This approach offers a neuro-computational model capable of linking predictive coding theories with electrophysiological findings, aiming to increase knowledge on the neuronal foundations of the two spectra features and stimulate hypothesis-driven rehabilitation/research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tarasi
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Jelena Trajkovic
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Ursino
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Taylor JA, Larsen KM, Dzafic I, Garrido MI. Predicting subclinical psychotic-like experiences on a continuum using machine learning. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118329. [PMID: 34302968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies applying machine learning methods to psychosis have primarily been concerned with the binary classification of chronic schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The aim of this study was to use electroencephalographic (EEG) data and pattern recognition to predict subclinical psychotic-like experiences on a continuum between these two extremes in otherwise healthy people. We applied two different approaches to an auditory oddball regularity learning task obtained from N = 73 participants: A feature extraction and selection routine incorporating behavioural measures, event-related potential components and effective connectivity parameters; Regularisation of spatiotemporal maps of event-related potentials. Using the latter approach, optimal performance was achieved using the response to frequent, predictable sounds. Features within the P50 and P200 time windows had the greatest contribution toward lower Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) scores and the N100 time window contributed most to higher PQ scores. As a proof-of-concept, these findings demonstrate that EEG data alone are predictive of individual psychotic-like experiences in healthy people. Our findings are in keeping with the mounting evidence for altered sensory responses in schizophrenia, as well as the notion that psychosis may exist on a continuum expanding into the non-clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Taylor
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kit Melissa Larsen
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care, Mental Health Services Capital Region Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilvana Dzafic
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Marta I Garrido
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Australia
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19
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Dzafic I, Larsen KM, Darke H, Pertile H, Carter O, Sundram S, Garrido MI. Stronger Top-Down and Weaker Bottom-Up Frontotemporal Connections During Sensory Learning Are Associated With Severity of Psychotic Phenomena. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1039-1047. [PMID: 33404057 PMCID: PMC8266649 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent theories in computational psychiatry propose that unusual perceptual experiences and delusional beliefs may emerge as a consequence of aberrant inference and disruptions in sensory learning. The current study investigates these theories and examines the alterations that are specific to schizophrenia spectrum disorders vs those that occur as psychotic phenomena intensify, regardless of diagnosis. We recruited 66 participants: 22 schizophrenia spectrum inpatients, 22 nonpsychotic inpatients, and 22 nonclinical controls. Participants completed the reversal oddball task with volatility manipulated. We recorded neural responses with electroencephalography and measured behavioral errors to inferences on sound probabilities. Furthermore, we explored neural dynamics using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). Attenuated prediction errors (PEs) were specifically observed in the schizophrenia spectrum, with reductions in mismatch negativity in stable, and P300 in volatile, contexts. Conversely, aberrations in connectivity were observed across all participants as psychotic phenomena increased. DCM revealed that impaired sensory learning behavior was associated with decreased intrinsic connectivity in the left primary auditory cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG); connectivity in the latter was also reduced with greater severity of psychotic experiences. Moreover, people who experienced more hallucinations and psychotic-like symptoms had decreased bottom-up and increased top-down frontotemporal connectivity, respectively. The findings provide evidence that reduced PEs are specific to the schizophrenia spectrum, but deficits in brain connectivity are aligned on the psychosis continuum. Along the continuum, psychotic experiences were related to an aberrant interplay between top-down, bottom-up, and intrinsic connectivity in the IFG during sensory uncertainty. These findings provide novel insights into psychosis neurocomputational pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilvana Dzafic
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kit M Larsen
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Melbourne, Australia.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hayley Darke
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Pertile
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia Carter
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marta I Garrido
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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20
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McWilliams EC, Barbey FM, Dyer JF, Islam MN, McGuinness B, Murphy B, Nolan H, Passmore P, Rueda-Delgado LM, Buick AR. Feasibility of Repeated Assessment of Cognitive Function in Older Adults Using a Wireless, Mobile, Dry-EEG Headset and Tablet-Based Games. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:574482. [PMID: 34276428 PMCID: PMC8281974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.574482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to affordable, objective and scalable biomarkers of brain function is needed to transform the healthcare burden of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, both resting and in combination with targeted cognitive tasks, have demonstrated utility in tracking disease state and therapy response in a range of conditions from schizophrenia to Alzheimer's disease. But conventional methods of recording this data involve burdensome clinic visits, and behavioural tasks that are not effective in frequent repeated use. This paper aims to evaluate the technical and human-factors feasibility of gathering large-scale EEG using novel technology in the home environment with healthy adult users. In a large field study, 89 healthy adults aged 40-79 years volunteered to use the system at home for 12 weeks, 5 times/week, for 30 min/session. A 16-channel, dry-sensor, portable wireless headset recorded EEG while users played gamified cognitive and passive tasks through a tablet application, including tests of decision making, executive function and memory. Data was uploaded to cloud servers and remotely monitored via web-based dashboards. Seventy-eight participants completed the study, and high levels of adherence were maintained throughout across all age groups, with mean compliance over the 12-week period of 82% (4.1 sessions per week). Reported ease of use was also high with mean System Usability Scale scores of 78.7. Behavioural response measures (reaction time and accuracy) and EEG components elicited by gamified stimuli (P300, ERN, Pe and changes in power spectral density) were extracted from the data collected in home, across a wide range of ages, including older adult participants. Findings replicated well-known patterns of age-related change and demonstrated the feasibility of using low-burden, large-scale, longitudinal EEG measurement in community-based cohorts. This technology enables clinically relevant data to be recorded outside the lab/clinic, from which metrics underlying cognitive ageing could be extracted, opening the door to potential new ways of developing digital cognitive biomarkers for disorders affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. Dyer
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Murphy
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Nolan
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Rueda-Delgado
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison R. Buick
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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21
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Koshiyama D, Thomas ML, Miyakoshi M, Joshi YB, Molina JL, Tanaka-Koshiyama K, Sprock J, Braff DL, Swerdlow NR, Light GA. Hierarchical Pathways from Sensory Processing to Cognitive, Clinical, and Functional Impairments in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:373-385. [PMID: 32856089 PMCID: PMC7965084 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of schizophrenia and a robust predictor of functional outcomes. Impairments are found in all phases of the illness and are only moderately attenuated by currently approved therapeutics. Neurophysiological indices of sensory discrimination (ie, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a amplitudes) and gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR; power and phase locking) are translational biomarkers widely used in the development of novel therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. It is unclear whether laboratory-based EEG measures add explanatory power to well-established models that use only cognitive, clinical, and functional outcome measures. Moreover, it is unclear if measures of sensory discrimination and gamma-band ASSR uniquely contribute to putative causal pathways linking sensory discrimination, neurocognition, negative symptoms, and functional outcomes in schizophrenia. To answer these questions, hierarchical associations among sensory processing, neurocognition, clinical symptoms, and functional outcomes were assessed via structural equation modeling in a large sample of schizophrenia patients (n = 695) and healthy comparison subjects (n = 503). The results showed that the neurophysiologic indices of sensory discrimination and gamma-band ASSR both significantly contribute to and yield unique hierarchical, "bottom-up" effects on neurocognition, symptoms, and functioning. Measures of sensory discrimination showed direct effects on neurocognition and negative symptoms, while gamma-band ASSR had a direct effect on neurocognition in patients. Continued investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal networks of MMN/P3a and gamma-band ASSR is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael L Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yash B Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Juan L Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Joyce Sprock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David L Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Neal R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
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22
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Barros C, Silva CA, Pinheiro AP. Advanced EEG-based learning approaches to predict schizophrenia: Promises and pitfalls. Artif Intell Med 2021; 114:102039. [PMID: 33875158 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2021.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and heterogeneity of schizophrenia symptoms challenge an objective diagnosis, which is typically based on behavioral and clinical manifestations. Moreover, the boundaries of schizophrenia are not precisely demarcated from other nosologic categories, such as bipolar disorder. The early detection of schizophrenia can lead to a more effective treatment, improving patients' quality of life. Over the last decades, hundreds of studies aimed at specifying the neurobiological mechanisms that underpin clinical manifestations of schizophrenia, using techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG). Changes in event-related potentials of the EEG have been associated with sensory and cognitive deficits and proposed as biomarkers of schizophrenia. Besides contributing to a more effective diagnosis, biomarkers can be crucial to schizophrenia onset prediction and prognosis. However, any proposed biomarker requires substantial clinical research to prove its validity and cost-effectiveness. Fueled by developments in computational neuroscience, automatic classification of schizophrenia at different stages (prodromal, first episode, chronic) has been attempted, using brain imaging pattern recognition methods to capture differences in functional brain activity. Advanced learning techniques have been studied for this purpose, with promising results. This review provides an overview of recent machine learning-based methods for schizophrenia classification using EEG data, discussing their potentialities and limitations. This review is intended to serve as a starting point for future developments of effective EEG-based models that might predict the onset of schizophrenia, identify subjects at high-risk of psychosis conversion or differentiate schizophrenia from other disorders, promoting more effective early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Barros
- Center for Research in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pinheiro
- Center for Research in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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23
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Sources of the frontocentral mismatch negativity and P3a responses in schizophrenia patients and healthy comparison subjects. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 161:76-85. [PMID: 33453303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a are event-related potential measures of early auditory information processing that are increasingly used as translational biomarkers in the development of treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. These responses are reduced in schizophrenia patients over the frontocentral scalp electrodes and are associated with important domains of cognitive and psychosocial functioning. While MMN and P3a responses are generated by a dynamic network of cortical sources distributed across the temporal and frontal brain regions, it is not clear how these sources independently contribute to MMN and P3a at the primary frontocentral scalp electrode or to abnormalities observed in schizophrenia. This study aimed to determine the independent source contributions and characterize the magnitude of impairment in source-level MMN and P3a responses in schizophrenia patients. METHODS A novel method was applied to back-project the contributions of 11 independent cortical source components to Fz, the primary scalp sensor that is used in clinical studies, in n = 589 schizophrenia patients and n = 449 healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS The groups showed comparable individual source contributions underlying both MMN and P3a responses at Fz. Source-level responses revealed an increasing magnitude of impairment in schizophrenia patients from the temporal to more frontal sources. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia patients have a normal architecture of source contributions that are accompanied by widespread abnormalities in source resolved mismatch and P3a responses, with more prominent deficits detected from the frontal sources. Quantification of source contributions and source-level responses accelerates clarification of the neural networks underlying MMN reduction at Fz in schizophrenia patients.
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24
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Uhlmann L, Pazen M, van Kemenade BM, Kircher T, Straube B. Neural Correlates of Self-other Distinction in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Roles of Agency and Hand Identity. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1399-1408. [PMID: 33433625 PMCID: PMC8379550 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are characterized by disturbed self-other distinction. While previous studies associate abnormalities in the sense of agency (ie, the feeling that an action and the resulting sensory consequences are produced by oneself) with disturbed processing in the angular gyrus, passive movement conditions to isolate contributions of motor predictions are lacking. Furthermore, the role of body identity (ie, visual features determining whether a seen body part belongs to oneself) in self-other distinction is unclear. In the current study, fMRI was used to assess the roles of agency and hand identity in self-other distinction. Patients with SSD and healthy controls (HC) performed active and passive hand movements (agency manipulation) while seeing their own or someone else's hand moving in accordance with their action (hand identity manipulation). Variable delays (0-417 ms) between movement and feedback had to be detected. Our results showed overall lower delay detection performances during active than passive conditions; however, these differences were reduced in patients when the own hand was displayed. On a neural level, we found that in HC, activation in the right angular gyrus was modulated by agency and hand identity. In contrast, agency and hand identity revealed no overlapping activation in patients, due to reduced effects of agency. Importantly, HC and SSD patients shared similar effects of hand identity in the angular gyrus. Our results suggest that disturbances of self-other distinction in SSD are particularly driven by agency, while self-other distinction based on hand identity might be spared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany; tel: +49-6421-58-66883; e-mail:
| | - Mareike Pazen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Bianca M van Kemenade
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
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25
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The effect of NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801, on neuronal mismatch along the rat auditory thalamocortical pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12391. [PMID: 32709861 PMCID: PMC7381643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient sensory processing requires that the brain maximize its response to unexpected stimuli, while suppressing responsivity to expected events. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential that occurs when a regular pattern is interrupted by an event that violates the expected properties of the pattern. According to the predictive coding framework there are two mechanisms underlying the MMN: repetition suppression and prediction error. MMN has been found to be reduced in individuals with schizophrenia, an effect believed to be underpinned by glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) dysfunction. In the current study, we aimed to test how the NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801 in the anaesthetized rat, affected repetition suppression and prediction error processes along the auditory thalamocortical pathway. We found that low-dose systemic administration of MK-801 differentially affect thalamocortical responses, namely, increasing thalamic repetition suppression and cortical prediction error. Results demonstrate an enhancement of neuronal mismatch, also confirmed by large scale-responses. Furthermore, MK-801 produces faster and stronger dynamics of adaptation along the thalamocortical hierarchy. Clearly more research is required to understand how NMDA-R antagonism and dosage affects processes contributing to MMN. Nonetheless, because a low dose of an NMDA-R antagonist increased neuronal mismatch, the outcome has implications for schizophrenia treatment.
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26
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Statistical Learning and Inference Is Impaired in the Nonclinical Continuum of Psychosis. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6759-6769. [PMID: 32690617 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0315-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our perceptions result from the brain's ability to make inferences, or predictive models, of sensory information. Recently, it has been proposed that psychotic traits may be linked to impaired predictive processes. Here, we examine the brain dynamics underlying statistical learning and inference in stable and volatile environments, in a population of healthy human individuals (N = 75; 36 males, 39 females) with a range of psychotic-like experiences. We measured prediction error responses to sound sequences with electroencephalography, gauged sensory inference explicitly by behaviorally recording sensory statistical learning errors, and used dynamic causal modeling to tap into the underlying neural circuitry. We discuss the findings that were robust to replication across the two experiments (Discovery dataset, N = 31; Validation dataset, N = 44). First, we found that during stable conditions, participants demonstrated greater precision in their predictive model, reflected in a larger prediction error response to unexpected sounds, and decreased statistical learning errors. Moreover, individuals with attenuated prediction errors in stable conditions were found to make greater incorrect predictions about sensory information. Critically, we show that greater errors in statistical learning and inference are related to increased psychotic-like experiences. These findings link neurophysiology to behavior during statistical learning and prediction formation, as well as providing further evidence for the idea of a continuum of psychosis in the healthy, nonclinical population.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT While perceiving the world, we make inferences by learning the statistics present in the sensory environment. It has been argued that psychosis may emerge because of a failure to learn sensory statistics, resulting in an impaired representation of the world. Recently, it has been proposed that psychosis exists on a continuum; however, there is conflicting evidence on whether sensory learning deficits align on the nonclinical end of the psychosis continuum. We found that statistical learning of sensory events is associated with the magnitude of mismatch negativity and, critically, is impaired in healthy people who report more psychotic-like experiences. We replicated these findings in an independent sample, demonstrating strengthened credibility to support the continuum of psychosis that extends into the nonclinical population.
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27
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Kirihara K, Tada M, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Usui K, Araki T, Kasai K. A Predictive Coding Perspective on Mismatch Negativity Impairment in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:660. [PMID: 32733298 PMCID: PMC7360815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a widely used biological marker for schizophrenia research. Previous studies reported that MMN amplitude was reduced in schizophrenia and that reduced MMN amplitude was associated with cognitive impairments and poor functional outcome in schizophrenia. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the reduced MMN amplitude remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that reduced MMN amplitude may reflect altered predictive coding in schizophrenia. In this paper, we reviewed MMN studies that used new paradigms and computational modeling to investigate altered predictive coding in schizophrenia. Studies using the roving oddball paradigm and modified oddball paradigm revealed that the effects of conditional probability were impaired in schizophrenia. Studies using omission paradigms and many-standards paradigms revealed that prediction error, but not adaptation, was impaired in schizophrenia. A study using a local-global paradigm revealed that hierarchical structures were impaired at both local and global levels in schizophrenia. Furthermore, studies using dynamic causal modeling revealed that neural networks with hierarchical structures were impaired in schizophrenia. These findings indicate that altered predictive coding underlies the reduced MMN amplitude in schizophrenia. However, there are several unsolved questions about optimal procedures, association among paradigms, and heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Future studies using several paradigms and computational modeling may solve these questions, and may lead to clarifying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to the development of individualized treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mao Fujioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Usui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Del Re EC, Maekawa T, Mesholam-Gately RI, Wojcik J, Seidman LJ, McCarley RW, Niznikiewicz MA. Abnormal Frequency Mismatch Negativity in Early Psychosis Outpatient Subjects. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:207-214. [PMID: 31826666 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419886691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Abnormalities of mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential, indexing preattentive mechanisms, are consistently reported in schizophrenia (SZ). MMN abnormalities elicited to different deviant types have been recently shown to distinguish among patients according to length of their illness as well as inpatient versus outpatient status, and to be modulated by premorbid IQ. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MMN elicited by both frequency and duration deviant stimuli in patients with early schizophrenia (EP) recruited from an outpatient clinic in Boston, Massachusetts. Methods. Twenty-two healthy controls (HC) and 22 age-, handedness-, and gender-matched EP were tested using a frequency and duration MMN paradigm. Clinical data were also collected. Results. Frequency MMN amplitude but not duration MMN was significantly reduced in EP relative to HC subjects (P = .015). Conclusions. These results indicate that in this sample of early psychosis outpatient group, reductions in frequency MMN but not in duration MMN index clinical status. The relationship between age at first hospitalization and MMN frequency and duration amplitude and latency indicates that neurodevelopmental stage, auditory function, and clinical status are tightly linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta C Del Re
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Toshihiko Maekawa
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Wojcik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Pinheiro AP, Schwartze M, Amorim M, Coentre R, Levy P, Kotz SA. Changes in motor preparation affect the sensory consequences of voice production in voice hearers. Neuropsychologia 2020; 146:107531. [PMID: 32553846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a cardinal symptom of psychosis but are also present in 6-13% of the general population. Alterations in sensory feedback processing are a likely cause of AVH, indicative of changes in the forward model. However, it is unknown whether such alterations are related to anomalies in forming an efference copy during action preparation, selective for voices, and similar along the psychosis continuum. By directly comparing psychotic and nonclinical voice hearers (NCVH), the current study specifies whether and how AVH proneness modulates both the efference copy (Readiness Potential) and sensory feedback processing for voices and tones (N1, P2) with event-related brain potentials (ERPs). METHODS Controls with low AVH proneness (n = 15), NCVH (n = 16) and first-episode psychotic patients with AVH (n = 16) engaged in a button-press task with two types of stimuli: self-initiated and externally generated self-voices or tones during EEG recordings. RESULTS Groups differed in sensory feedback processing of expected and actual feedback: NCVH displayed an atypically enhanced N1 to self-initiated voices, while N1 suppression was reduced in psychotic patients. P2 suppression for voices and tones was strongest in NCVH, but absent for voices in patients. Motor activity preceding the button press was reduced in NCVH and patients, specifically for sensory feedback to self-voice in NCVH. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that selective changes in sensory feedback to voice are core to AVH. These changes already show in preparatory motor activity, potentially reflecting changes in forming an efference copy. The results provide partial support for continuum models of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Michael Schwartze
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Amorim
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Coentre
- Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Levy
- Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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30
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Abnormal Effective Connectivity Underlying Auditory Mismatch Negativity Impairments in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:1028-1039. [PMID: 32830097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is a translatable event-related potential biomarker, and its reduction in schizophrenia is associated with the severity of clinical symptoms. While MMN recorded at the scalp is generated by a distributed network of temporofrontal neural sources, the primary contributing sources and the dynamic interactions among sources underlying MMN impairments in schizophrenia have not been previously characterized. METHODS A novel data-driven analytic framework was applied to large cohorts of healthy comparison subjects (n = 449) and patients with schizophrenia (n = 589) to identify the independent contributing sources of MMN, characterize the patterns of effective connectivity underlying reduced MMN in patients, and explore the clinical significance of these abnormal source dynamics in schizophrenia. RESULTS A network of 11 independent contributing sources underlying MMN distributed across temporofrontal cortices was identified. Orderly shifts in peak source activity were detected in a steplike manner, starting at temporal structures and progressing across frontal brain regions. MMN reduction in patients was predominantly associated with reduced contributions from 3 frontal midline sources: orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and middle cingulate cortices. Patients showed increased connectivity from temporal to prefrontal regions in conjunction with decreased cross-hemispheric connectivity to prefrontal regions. The decreased connectivity strength of precentral to prefrontal regions in patients with schizophrenia was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the dynamic interactions among temporofrontal sources underlie MMN abnormalities in schizophrenia. These results advance our understanding of the neural substrates and temporal dynamics of normal and impaired information processing with novel applications for translatable biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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31
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Kotov R, Jonas KG, Carpenter WT, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs K, Reininghaus U, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waszczuk MA, Widiger TA, Wright A, Zald DH, Krueger RF, Watson D. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:151-172. [PMID: 32394571 PMCID: PMC7214958 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a scientific effort to address shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, which suffer from arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic instability. This paper synthesizes evidence on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP. These spectra are composed of symptoms and maladaptive traits currently subsumed within schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. Thought disorder ranges from normal reality testing, to maladaptive trait psychoticism, to hallucinations and delusions. Detachment ranges from introversion, to maladaptive detachment, to blunted affect and avolition. Extensive evidence supports the validity of thought disorder and detachment spectra, as each spectrum reflects common genetics, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, biomarkers, and treatment response. Some of these characteristics are specific to one spectrum and others are shared, suggesting the existence of an overarching psychosis superspectrum. Further research is needed to extend this model, such as clarifying whether mania and dissociation belong to thought disorder, and explicating processes that drive development of the spectra and their subdimensions. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the thought disorder and detachment spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians. Validated measures are available to implement the system in practice. The more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychosis-related psychopathology offered by HiTOP can make diagnosis more useful for research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | | | | - Michael N. Dretsch
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestSilver SpringMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergGermany,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK,Centre for Epidemiology and Public HealthInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendINUSA
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32
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Abstract
Evoked potentials provide valuable insight into brain processes that are integral to our ability to interact effectively and efficiently in the world. The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the evoked potential has proven highly informative on the ways in which sensitivity to regularity contributes to perception and cognition. This review offers a compendium of research on MMN with a view to scaffolding an appreciation for its use as a tool to explore the way regularities contribute to predictions about the sensory environment over many timescales. In compiling this work, interest in MMN as an index of sensory encoding and memory are addressed, as well as attention. Perspectives on the possible underlying computational processes are reviewed as well as recent observations that invite consideration of how MMN relates to how we learn, what we learn, and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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33
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Francis AM, Knott VJ, Labelle A, Fisher DJ. Interaction of Background Noise and Auditory Hallucinations on Phonemic Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and P3a Processing in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:540738. [PMID: 33093834 PMCID: PMC7523538 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.540738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are among the cardinal symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ). During the presence of AHs aberrant activity of auditory cortices have been observed, including hyperactivation during AHs alone and hypoactivation when AHs are accompanied by a concurrent external auditory competitor. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a are common ERPs of interest within the study of SZ as they are robustly reduced in the chronic phase of the illness. The present study aimed to explore whether background noise altered the auditory MMN and P3a in those with SZ and treatment-resistant AHs. METHODS MMN and P3a were assessed in 12 hallucinating patients (HPs), 11 non-hallucinating patients (NPs) and 9 healthy controls (HCs) within an auditory oddball paradigm. Standard (P = 0.85) and deviant (P = 0.15) stimuli were presented during three noise conditions: silence (SL), traffic noise (TN), and wide-band white noise (WN). RESULTS HPs showed significantly greater deficits in MMN amplitude relative to NPs in all background noise conditions, though predominantly at central electrodes. Conversely, both NPs and HPs exhibited significant deficits in P3a amplitude relative to HCs under the SL condition only. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that the presence of AHs may specifically impair the MMN, while the P3a appears to be more generally impaired in SZ. That MMN amplitudes are specifically reduced for HPs during background noise conditions suggests HPs may have a harder time detecting changes in phonemic sounds during situations with external traffic or "real-world" noise compared to NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Francis
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Verner J Knott
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek J Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Niemantsverdriet MBA, Slotema CW, van der Veen FM, van der Gaag M, Sommer IEC, Deen M, Franken IHA. Sensory processing deficiencies in patients with borderline personality disorder who experience auditory verbal hallucinations. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112545. [PMID: 31536946 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are common in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). We examined two candidate mechanisms of AVH in patients with BPD, suggested to underlie sensory processing systems that contribute to psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia; sensory gating (P50 ratio and P50 difference) and change detection (mismatch negativity; MMN). Via electroencephalographic recordings P50 amplitude, P50 ratio, P50 difference and MMN amplitude were compared between 23 borderline patients with and 25 without AVH, and 26 healthy controls. Borderline patients with AVH had a significantly lower P50 difference compared with healthy controls, whereas no difference was found between borderline patients without AVH and healthy controls. The groups did not differ on MMN amplitude. The impaired sensory gating in patients with borderline personality disorder who experience AVH implies that P50 sensory gating deficiencies may underlie psychotic vulnerability in this specific patient group. Patients with borderline personality disorder with or without AVH did not have problems with auditory change detection. This may explain why they are spared from the poor outcome associated with negative symptoms and symptoms of disorganization in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B A Niemantsverdriet
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands.
| | - Christina W Slotema
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik M van der Veen
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Mandeville Building, Rotterdam, DR, 1738, 3000, the Netherlands
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, BT, 1081, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AD, 9700, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Deen
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Mandeville Building, Rotterdam, DR, 1738, 3000, the Netherlands
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Role of the supplementary motor area in auditory sensory attenuation. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2577-2586. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xiong YB, Bo QJ, Wang CM, Tian Q, Liu Y, Wang CY. Differential of Frequency and Duration Mismatch Negativity and Theta Power Deficits in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:37. [PMID: 30894804 PMCID: PMC6414796 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to its impairment in patients with schizophrenia, mismatch negativity (MMN) generation has been identified as a potential biomarker for identifying primary impairments in auditory sensory processing. This study aimed to investigate the dysfunctional differences in different MMN deviants and evoked theta power in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and chronic schizophrenia (CS). Methods: We measured frequency and duration MMN from 40 FES, 40 CS, and 40 healthy controls (HC). Evoked theta power was analyzed by event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) approaches. Results: Deficits in duration MMN were observed in both FES (p = 0.048, Bonferroni-adjusted) and CS (p < 0.001, Bonferroni-adjusted). However, deficits in frequency MMN were restricted to the CS (p < 0.001, Bonferroni-adjusted). Evoked theta power deficits were observed in both patient groups when compared with the HC (p FES = 0.001, p CS < 0.001, Bonferroni-adjusted), yet no significant differences were found between FES and CS. Frequency MMN was correlated with the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) combined score (r = -0.327, p < 0.05) and MCCB verbal learning (r = -0.328, p < 0.05) in FES. Evoked theta power was correlated with MCCB working memory in both FES (r = 0.347, p < 0.05) and CS (r = 0.408, p < 0.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest that duration MMN and evoked theta power deficits may be more sensitive for detection of schizophrenia during its early stages. Moreover, frequency MMN and theta power could potentially linked to poor cognitive functioning in schizophrenic patients. The findings mentioned above indicated that the neural mechanisms of the three indexes may vary between people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bing Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Jing Bo
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
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Malmierca MS, Niño-Aguillón BE, Nieto-Diego J, Porteros Á, Pérez-González D, Escera C. Pattern-sensitive neurons reveal encoding of complex auditory regularities in the rat inferior colliculus. Neuroimage 2019; 184:889-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Bansal S, Ford JM, Spering M. The function and failure of sensory predictions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1426:199-220. [PMID: 29683518 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Humans and other primates are equipped with neural mechanisms that allow them to automatically make predictions about future events, facilitating processing of expected sensations and actions. Prediction-driven control and monitoring of perceptual and motor acts are vital to normal cognitive functioning. This review provides an overview of corollary discharge mechanisms involved in predictions across sensory modalities and discusses consequences of predictive coding for cognition and behavior. Converging evidence now links impairments in corollary discharge mechanisms to neuropsychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. We review studies supporting a prediction-failure hypothesis of perceptual and cognitive disturbances. We also outline neural correlates underlying prediction function and failure, highlighting similarities across the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems. In linking basic psychophysical and psychophysiological evidence of visual, auditory, and somatosensory prediction failures to neuropsychiatric symptoms, our review furthers our understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bansal
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Catonsville, Maryland
| | - Judith M Ford
- University of California and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Miriam Spering
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Mismatch Negativity in Han Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2017; 29:259-267. [PMID: 29276349 PMCID: PMC5738514 DOI: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.217103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analysis revealed that mismatch negativity(MMN) amplitude decreased in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls (Cohen's d, d about 1), leading to the possibility of mismatch negativity being used as a biomarker for schizophrenia. However, it is unknown whether MMN is reliably changed in Chinese patients. It is necessary to carry out a meta-analysis on MMN of Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. AIM To investigate whether MMN could be used as a biomarker for Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials on MMN in Han Chinese schizophrenia patients published before May 8, 2017, by searching the Chinese language databases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP Data and PubMed. The effects of MMN deficits were evaluated for MMN amplitude by calculating standard mean difference (SMDs) between schizophrenia patient groups and healthy control groups. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included in the analysis. The total quality of all the studies were more than 6 as evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis of data from these studies had a pooled sample of 432 patients with schizophrenia and 392 healthy controls. There exists significant MMN deficit in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls (Cohen's d=1.004). When studies were excluded due to heterogeneity, the pooled effect size of the MMN differences between the patient group and healthy controls dropped to 0.79 (Cohen's d=0.79). Subgroup analysis showed that MMN amplitude deficits of schizophrenia over three years had the pooled effect size of 0.95, and less than three years had the pooled effect size of 0.77. Publication bias conducted via Egger regression test (t = 1.83; p = 0.101), suggested that there was no publication bias. CONCLUSION The effect size of MMN amplitude between Chinese patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls is consistent with other meta-analyses published on this topic, suggesting that Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia also exhibited MMN deficits.
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