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Meng SL, Qiu LP, Hu GD, Fan LM, Song C, Zheng Y, Wu W, Qu JH, Li DD, Chen JZ, Xu P. Effect of methomyl on sex steroid hormone and vitellogenin levels in serum of male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and recovery pattern. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1869-1877. [PMID: 28251797 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of 0, 0.2, 2, 20 or 200 μg/L for 30 days, then transferred to methomyl-free water for 18 days. E2 , T, 11-KTand VTG in serum were examined. There were no significant changes in all the parameters in serum of tilapia exposed to 0.2 μg/L and 2 μg/L methomyl compared to the control. However, 20 μg/L and 200 μg/L have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system of male tilapia, as shown by its ability to increase VTG and E2 and decrease T and 11-KT in serum. Thus it would appear the no observed adverse effect level for sexual steroid hormones of methomyl is lower than 2 μg/L. Recovery data showed that the effects produced by 20μg/L were reversible but not at 200μg/L. Furthermore, the sensitivity of above parameters to methomyl followed the order of VTG>E2 >11-KT>T>GSI, suggesting VTG being the better biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Long Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Li-Ping Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Geng-Dong Hu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Li-Min Fan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Chao Song
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jian-Hong Qu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jia-Zhang Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, China
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2
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Meng S, Qiu L, Hu G, Fan L, Song C, Zheng Y, Wu W, Qu J, Li D, Chen J, Xu P. Effects of methomyl on steroidogenic gene transcription of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad-liver axis in male tilapia. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:152-162. [PMID: 27643660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Male tilapia were exposed to sub-lethal methomyl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 2, 20 or 200 μg/L for 30 d, and were subsequently cultured in methomyl-free water for 18 d. Relative transcript abundance of steroidogenic genes involved in the HPGL axis of male tilapia was examined at 30 d in the exposure test and at 18 d in the recovery test. The results revealed that low concentrations of methomyl (0.2 and 2 μg/L) did not cause significant changes in gene mRNA levels in the HPGL axis of male tilapia; thus, we considered 2 μg/L concentrations as the level that showed no apparent adverse endocrine disruption effects. However, higher concentrations of methomyl (20 and 200 μg/L) disrupted the endocrine system and caused significant increase in the levels of GnRH2, GnRH3, ERα, and ERβ genes in the hypothalamus, GnRHR and FSHβ genes in the pituitary, CYP19a, FSHR, and ERα genes in the testis, and VTG and ERα genes in the liver, and significantly decreased the levels of LHR, StAR, 3β-HSD, and ARα genes in the testis and LHβ gene in the pituitary, leading to changes in sex steroid hormone and vitellogenin levels in the serum and ultimately resulting in reproductive dysfunction in male tilapia. The recovery tests showed that the toxicity effect caused by 20 μg/L methomyl was reversible; however, the toxicity effect at 200 μg/L of methomyl was irreversible after 18 d. Therefore, we concluded that 200 μg/L was the threshold concentration for methomyl-induced irreversible endocrine disruption in male tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShunLong Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - LiPing Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - GengDong Hu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - LiMin Fan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Chao Song
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - JianHong Qu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - DanDan Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - JiaZhang Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
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Karami A, Omar D, Lazorchak JM, Yap CK, Hashim Z, Courtenay SC. A comparison of biomarker responses in juvenile diploid and triploid African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, exposed to the pesticide butachlor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:313-320. [PMID: 27522569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Influence of waterborne butachlor (BUC), a commonly used pesticide, on morphometric, biochemical, and molecular biomarkers was evaluated in juvenile, full sibling, diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed for 21 days to one of three concentrations of BUC [mean measured µg/L: 22, 44 or 60]. Unexposed (control) triploids were heavier and longer and had higher visceral-somatic index (VSI) than diploids. Also, they had lighter liver weight (HSI) and showed lower transcript levels of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), aromatase (cyp191b) and fushi tarazu-factor (ftz-f1), and plasma testosterone levels than diploids. Butachlor treatments had no effects, in either diploid or triploid fish, on VSI, HSI, weight or length changes, condition factor (CF), levels of plasma testosterone, 17-β estradiol (E2), cortisol, cholesterol, or mRNA levels of brain tryptophan hydroxylase (tph2), forkhead box L2 (foxl2), and 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-hsd2). Expressions of cyp191b and ftz-f1 in triploids were upregulated by the two highest concentrations of BUC. In diploid fish, however, exposures to all BUC concentrations decreased GnRH transcription and the medium BUC concentration decreased ftz-f1 transcription. Substantial differences between ploidies in basal biomarker responses are consistent with the reported impaired reproductive axis in triploid C. gariepinus. Furthermore, the present study showed the low impact of short term exposure to BUC on reproductive axis in C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dzolkhifli Omar
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James M Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zailina Hashim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Simon C Courtenay
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Canadian Water Network, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of Waterloo, Canada
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4
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Biales AD, Kostich MS, Batt AL, See MJ, Flick RW, Gordon DA, Lazorchak JM, Bencic DC. Initial development of a multigene 'omics-based exposure biomarker for pyrethroid pesticides. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 179:27-35. [PMID: 27564377 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Omics technologies have long since promised to address a number of long standing issues related to environmental regulation. Despite considerable resource investment, there are few examples where these tools have been adopted by the regulatory community, which is in part due to a focus of most studies on discovery rather than assay development. The current work describes the initial development of an omics based assay using 48h Pimephales promelas (FHM) larvae for identifying aquatic exposures to pyrethroid pesticides. Larval FHM were exposed to seven concentrations of each of four pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate and bifenthrin) in order to establish dose response curves. Then, in three separate identical experiments, FHM were exposed to a single equitoxic concentration of each pyrethroid, corresponding to 33% of the calculated LC50. All exposures were separated by weeks and all materials were either cleaned or replaced between runs in an attempt to maintain independence among exposure experiments. Gene expression classifiers were developed using the random forest algorithm for each exposure and evaluated first by cross-validation using hold out organisms from the same exposure experiment and then against test sets of each pyrethroid from separate exposure experiments. Bifenthrin exposed organisms generated the highest quality classifier, demonstrating an empirical Area Under the Curve (eAUC) of 0.97 when tested against bifenthrin exposed organisms from other exposure experiments and 0.91 against organisms exposed to any of the pyrethroids. An eAUC of 1.0 represents perfect classification with no false positives or negatives. Additionally, the bifenthrin classifier was able to successfully classify organisms from all other pyrethroid exposures at multiple concentrations, suggesting a potential utility for detecting cumulative exposures. Considerable run-to-run variability was observed both in exposure concentrations and molecular responses of exposed fish across exposure experiments. The application of a calibration step in analysis successfully corrected this, resulting in a significantly improved classifier. Classifier evaluation suggested the importance of considering a number of aspects of experimental design when developing an expression based tool for general use in ecological monitoring and risk assessment, such as the inclusion of multiple experimental runs and high replicate numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Biales
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Mitchell S Kostich
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Angela L Batt
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Mary J See
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Robert W Flick
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Denise A Gordon
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Jim M Lazorchak
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - David C Bencic
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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5
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Yang X, Liu Y, Li J, Chen M, Peng D, Liang Y, Song M, Zhang J, Jiang G. Exposure to Bisphenol AF disrupts sex hormone levels and vitellogenin expression in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:285-294. [PMID: 25213402 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is widely used in food-contact products, electronic devices, and as a cross-linking reagent in fluoroelastomers. There are growing concerns about its toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects based on its structural similarity with bisphenol A (BPA). The endocrine-disrupting effects of BPAF were studied by exposing 2-month-old zebrafish to 0, 0.05, 0.25, or 1 mg/L BPAF for 28 days and evaluating the effect on growth, histopathology, hormone levels, enzyme activity, and gene expression. The overall fitness was not significantly affected. There were no apparent alterations in the gills and intestine tissues of both sexes after BPAF exposure. However, exposure to 1 mg/L BPAF caused damage to the liver in the male fish, characterized by hepatocellular swelling and vacuolation. There was no obvious effect in the liver of female fish, suggesting that the hepatic toxicity of BPAF is gender dependent. Gonadal examination indicated that exposure to 1 mg/L BPAF caused induction of acellular areas in the testis and retardation of oocyte development in the ovary. BPAF exposure increased free triiodothyronine levels of females in a dose-dependent manner. In males, the testosterone levels decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, estradiol levels increased in a concentration-dependent manner and were significantly higher in males exposed to 1 mg/L BPAF compared with the controls. In females, 0.05 and 0.25 mg/L BPAF caused an increase in testosterone levels. Furthermore, the estradiol levels increased in females exposed to 0.05 and 1 mg/L. We observed an upregulation of hepatic vitellogenin in both sexes and significantly higher levels in males exposed to 1 mg/L BPAF and females exposed to 0.25 mg/L BPAF, suggesting that BPAF has an estrogenic activity. Our results indicate that BPAF is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that exerts reproductive toxicity and estrogenic effects on zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Peng
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liang
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
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Crago J, Tran K, Budicin A, Schreiber B, Lavado R, Schlenk D. Exploring the impacts of two separate mixtures of pesticide and surfactants on estrogenic activity in male fathead minnows and rainbow trout. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 68:362-370. [PMID: 25392154 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, male fathead minnows (FHM) (Pimephales promelas) and juvenile rainbow trout (RT; Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to two different surfactant mixtures of analytical-grade nonlyphenol, 4-tert octyphenol, octylphenol ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). After a 7-days exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of these compounds, there was no difference in the relative mRNA expression of vitellogenin (VTG) in male juvenile RT exposed to individual compounds or the 2,4-D-surfactant mixture compared with the control. In male FHM, there was a significant increase in VTG mRNA expression in the high individual treatments of 2,4-D and the surfactants but not the 2,4-D-surfactant mixtures compared with the control. These results were compared with another study exposing male FHM to individual and a mixture of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates in two different combinations with the herbicide diuron and the insecticide bifenthrin. There were no differences in the relative expression of VTG mRNA amongst individual exposures and the control. Interestingly, when the ethoxylate mixture was combined with diuron, there was a significant decrease in the relative mRNA expression of VTG compared with the control. However, when the ethoxylate mixture was combined with both diuron and bifenthrin, there was a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of VTG in male compared with all other groups in the multichemical mixture. The results of this study highlight differences between species and measurements of VTG in assessing the risk of mixtures to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Crago
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA,
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Dias LCA, Soares AMVM, Ferreira ALG, Santos CS, Monteiro MS. Biomarkers of endocrine disruption in juveniles and females of the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 84:314-321. [PMID: 24841712 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic compartments, including estuaries, has been object of major concern. However, the effects of EDCs on autochthonous estuarine fish species are far less known than in freshwater fish. Therefore, the response of biomarkers in the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps was evaluated after 21-days of exposure to different EDCs: 17β-estradiol (E2); PCB-77 and p,p'DDE. In juveniles, Vtg (vitellogenin)-like proteins were significantly induced by E2. PCB-77 led to a decrease of Vtg-like proteins in juveniles, while in female liver they increased at the highest concentrations tested, suggesting a mode of action of PCB-77 that depends on the fish life stage. p,p'-DDE did not induce significant changes in Vtg-like proteins. Overall, P. microps juveniles seemed to respond to environmental relevant concentrations of EDCs. Thus, the evaluation of Vtg-like proteins in this life stage seems to be a promising tool to track EDC contamination in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia C A Dias
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi. Rua Badejós, Zona Rural, Cx. Postal 66 - CEP: 77402-970, Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - Abel L G Ferreira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia S Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta S Monteiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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8
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Wu M, Nishimiya O, Nakamori M, Soyano K, Todo T, Hara A, Hiramatsu N. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Expression Profiles of Vitellogenin Transcripts in the Dojo Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in Response to 17α-Ethinylestradiol and 17β-Estradiol Administration. Zoolog Sci 2014; 31:202-12. [DOI: 10.2108/zs130223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Lafrance P, Caron E. Impact of recent manure applications on natural estrogen concentrations in streams near agricultural fields. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 126:208-210. [PMID: 23787133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Few studies on natural estrogens have been conducted in agricultural ecosystems. High (up to 58 ng/L) estrone concentrations were measured shortly after applications of manure in a small agricultural watershed. No other estrogens (17ß-estradiol, estrone or estriol) were detected afterward (first three rainfalls after applications). Results suggest that aquatic organisms in agricultural watersheds could be exposed to estrone shortly after manure applications, probably from leaching of land-applied animal wastes, but that this exposure would be short-lived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lafrance
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (QC), Canada G1K 9A9.
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10
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Jin Y, Wang L, Fu Z. Oral exposure to atrazine modulates hormone synthesis and the transcription of steroidogenic genes in male peripubertal mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 184:120-7. [PMID: 23376530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is a widely used herbicide and is considered an endocrine disruptor of different organisms. However, the molecular interactions of ATZ with biological targets in mammalian endocrine systems are not understood fully. In the present study, we observed that ATZ administration (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 3 weeks to peripubertal male ICR mice exerted adverse effects on several physiological features; these effects included a significant decrease in the body and liver weights and an increase in the relative testis weight. In addition, the serum testosterone (T) concentration was significantly decreased in all ATZ-treated mice, and the serum estradiol (E2) concentration and aromatase activity were significantly increased in mice exposed to 100 and 200 mg/kg ATZ. These results suggest that ATZ exposure affected hormone homeostasis in male mice. We also found that the transcript levels of the steroidogenic enzyme genes p450scc, p450 17α1 and 17β-HSD were significantly reduced in the testes of mice exposed to 100 and 200 mg/kg ATZ for 3weeks. Given the results of the present study and previous reports, it is possible that ATZ reduces the T concentration in peripubertal male mice by affecting the transcription of steroidogenic genes, such as p450scc, p450 17a1 and 17β-HSD. This study provides new insights into the mammalian toxicological mechanism of ATZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Cohen MF, Hare C, Kozlowski J, McCormick RS, Chen L, Schneider L, Parish M, Knight Z, Nelson TA, Grewell BJ. Wastewater polishing by a channelized macrophyte-dominated wetland and anaerobic digestion of the harvested phytomass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:319-330. [PMID: 23245307 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.726896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CW) offer a mechanism to meet increasingly stringent regulatory standards for wastewater treatment while minimizing energy inputs. Additionally, harvested wetland phytomass subjected to anaerobic digestion can serve as a source of biogas methane. To investigate CW wastewater polishing activities and potential energy yield we constructed a pair of secondary wastewater-fed channelized CW modules designed to retain easily harvestable floating aquatic vegetation and maximize exposure of water to roots and sediment. Modules that were regularly harvested averaged a nitrate removal rate of 1.1 g N m(-2) d(-1); harvesting, sedimentation and gasification were responsible for 30.5%, 8.0% and 61.5% of the N losses, respectively. Selective harvesting of a module to maintain dominance of filamentous algae had no effect on nitrate removal rate but lowered productivity by one-half. The average monthly productivity for unselectively harvested modules was 9.3 ± 1.7 g dry wt. m(-2) d(-1) (±SE). Cessation of harvesting in one module resulted in a significant increase in nitrate removal rate and decrease in phosphate removal rate. Compared to the influent, the effluent of the harvested module had significantly lower levels of estrogenic activity, as determined by a quantitative PCR-based juvenile trout bioassay, and significantly lower densities of E. coli. In mixed vertical-flow reactors anaerobic co-digestion of equal dry weight proportions of harvested aquatic vegetation, wine yeast lees and dairy manure was greatly improved when the manure was replaced with the crude glycerol by-product of biodiesel production. Remaining solids were vermicomposted for use as a soil amendment. Our results indicate that incorporation of constructed wetlands into an integrated treatment system can simultaneously enhance the economic and energetic feasibility of wastewater and organic waste treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Cohen
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA.
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12
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Burki R, Krasnov A, Bettge K, Rexroad CE, Afanasyev S, Antikainen M, Burkhardt-Holm P, Wahli T, Segner H. Pathogenic infection confounds induction of the estrogenic biomarker vitellogenin in rainbow trout. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2318-2323. [PMID: 22847860 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To examine the behavior of the estrogenic biomarker vitellogenin (VTG) under the combined impact of estrogens and pathogens, parasite-infected or noninfected rainbow trout were exposed to two doses of 17β-estradiol (E2). Infected and E2-exposed fish showed significantly lower hepatic VTG mRNA levels than healthy fish. Transcriptome data suggest that this was due to energetic constraints. Reduced responsiveness of the VTG biomarker in parasitized fish might obscure detection of low-level field exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Burki
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Valdehita A, Fernández-Cruz ML, Torrent F, Sericano JL, Navas JM. Differences in the induction of cyp1A and related genes in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Additional considerations for the use of EROD activity as a biomarker. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:270-287. [PMID: 22747818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fish farms were repeatedly sampled in order to observe the variability of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and of related genes in the liver. Fish coming from fish farm A exhibited EROD levels that could be considered as basal according to the scientific literature, however, EROD activity in fish coming from fish farm B was significantly increased. This was accompanied by augmented aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) and cytochrome P4501A (cyp1A) messenger RNA expression and reduced oestrogen receptor (er) and vitellogenin (vtg) transcription. Only sediment extracts from the entry channel of fish farm B induced EROD activity in O. mykiss cultured cells, however, this induction could not be explained by the levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) measured in the sediments. The results of this study point out that O. mykiss cultured in fish farms could be used as sentinels for indication of pollution. In this particular work, however, no conclusive evidence has been found for a relationship between the presence of PAHs and PCBs and the observed EROD induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valdehita
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Chang J, Gui W, Wang M, Zhu G. Effects of butachlor on estrogen receptor, vitellogenin and P450 aromatase gene expression in the early life stage of zebrafish. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1672-1677. [PMID: 22702828 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.687256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Butachlor has adverse effects on fecundity and disrupts sex hormone homeostasis in adult zebrafish, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to various concentrations of butachlor from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 30 days post-fertilization (dpf). The transcription of genes involved estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ1 and ERβ2), vitellogenins (VTG I and II), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19a) was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that there was no significant alteration in the expression of VTGI, ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2 and CYP19a after 30 days of butachlor exposure, whereas the transcription of VTG II gene was significantly up-regulated in zebrafish exposed to 100 μg/L butachlor. It is suggested that butachlor may be a weak estrogen, and more endpoints need to be investigated to assess the effects of butachlor on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Chang
- a Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing, P. R. China
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15
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Swanton CJ, Mashhadi HR, Solomon KR, Afifi MM, Duke SO. Similarities between the discovery and regulation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides: in support of a better understanding of the risks and benefits of each. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011; 67:790-797. [PMID: 21520394 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An argument is presented by which the role of pharmaceuticals and pesticides can both be viewed in terms of contributing to human health. Comparisons are made in terms of discovery and development, regulatory policies and environmental and human impacts. Both technologies target particular biological functions, and in many cases they target similar molecular sites of action. Pharmaceuticals and pesticides undergo a similar registration process; however, both can enter the environment where they can have adverse effects on non-target organisms and, if misused, will have detrimental effects on human health or the environment. It is suggested that the risks associated with the two technologies are similar. The rejection of pesticides by the general public is based primarily on personal value systems and the uncertainty of risk management. It is concluded that plant and animal health are vital to maintaining human health, and that pesticides used in food production are, as with pharmaceuticals, a vital tool used to maintain human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence J Swanton
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Kim JG, Kim HR, Park YJ, Chung KH, Oh SM. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Estrogen Receptor from the Striped Bitterling (Acheilognathus yamatsutae). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:e2011005. [PMID: 22125766 PMCID: PMC3214976 DOI: 10.5620/eht.2011.26.e2011005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to identify the possibility of striped bitterling (SB) (Acheilognathus yamatsutae) being used as a test species for estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs), we carried out the cloning and sequence characterization of the estrogen receptor (ER). METHODS The ER from a striped bitterling was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE and 3'-RACE) and T-vector cloning. The expression of ER mRNA was also analyzed in six tissues (brain, liver, kidney, gill, gonad, and intestines) by real-time PCR. RESULTS We obtained an ER from the striped bitterling. The SB ER cDNA was 2189 base pairs (bp) in length and contained a 1707 bp open reading frame that encoded 568 amino acid residues. The SB ER amino acid sequence clustered in a monophyletic group with the ERα of other fish, and was more closely related to zebrafish ERα (88% identity) than to the ERα of other fish. The SB ER cDNA was divided into A/B, C, D, E and F domains. The SB ER has conserved important sequences for ER functions, such as the DNA binding domain (D domain), which are consistent with those of other teleosts. CONCLUSIONS The ER of the striped bitterling could provide basic information in toxicological studies of EEDCs in the striped bitterling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Geuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ha Ryong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Seung Min Oh
- Hoseo Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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17
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Jin Y, Shu L, Huang F, Cao L, Sun L, Fu Z. Environmental cues influence EDC-mediated endocrine disruption effects in different developmental stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 101:254-260. [PMID: 21040983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and photoperiod are the two most important environmental cues in the regulation of the annual cycles of circulating sex steroid hormones and reproduction in fish. Thus, these variables may alter the endocrine disruption effects induced by environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In the present study, we found that the temperature and photoperiod significantly influence the transcription of the estrogen-responsive genes, vitellogenin1 (Vtg1), vitellogenin2 (Vtg2) and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) after a 7-day exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) in different developmental stages of Japanese medaka. In general, gene transcription levels increased as temperature and photoperiod length increased. The Vtg1 mRNA levels in 20 °C-12L group were 10-30 times higher than those in 10 °C-10 L group when larvae, both sexes of juvenile or male adult medaka were exposed to 50 ng/L E2. In addition, juveniles of both sexes and adult males were more sensitive to temperature and photoperiod changes than larval and adult female medaka. Specifically, two-way analysis indicated that both E2 and NP-mediated induction of Vtg1 mRNA (the most effective) expression interacted with environmental cues (temperature and photoperiod) and exposure concentrations in a developmental stage- and sex-specific manner. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that the endocrine disrupting effects of environmental chemicals can be modified by seasonality and life stage in which the exposure occurs and that Vtg1 transcription is a good biomarker to evaluate these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Wise A, O'Brien K, Woodruff T. Are oral contraceptives a significant contributor to the estrogenicity of drinking water? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:51-60. [PMID: 20977246 DOI: 10.1021/es1014482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent observed feminization of aquatic animals has raised concerns about estrogenic compounds in water supplies and the potential for these chemicals to reach drinking water. Public perception frequently attributes this feminization to oral contraceptives (OCs) in wastewater and raises concerns that exposure to OCs in drinking water may contribute to the recent rise in human reproductive problems. This paper reviews the literature regarding various sources of estrogens, in surface, source and drinking water, with an emphasis on the active molecule that comes from OCs. It includes discussion of the various agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources and outlines the contributions of estrogenic chemicals to the estrogenicity of waterways and estimates that the risk of exposure to synthetic estrogens in drinking water on human health is negligible. This paper also provides recommendations for strategies to better understand all the potential sources of estrogenic compounds in the environment and possibilities to reduce the levels of estrogenic chemicals in the water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Wise
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, 1330 Broadway Street, Suite 1100, Oakland, California 94612, USA
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19
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Kim HR, Park YJ, Kim JG, Chung KH, Oh SM. Molecular cloning of vitellogenin gene and mRNA expression by 17alpha-ethinylestradiol from slender bitterling. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 168:484-95. [PMID: 20600042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous aquatic population such as fish could be used as a successful test species for evaluating the ecological effects in aquatic environment. In the present study, vitellogenin (Vtg) from slender bitterling (Acheilognathus yamatsutae), an indigenous aquatic species in Korea, was cloned and sequenced to determine if the Vtg gene possesses an important characteristic so as to act as a sensitive biomarker for estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs). The sbVtg cDNA is 5010 bp in length, containing a 4653 bp open reading frame, which encodes 1550 amino acid residues. The sbVtg cDNA was divided into lipovitellin heavy chain (LvH), phosvitin (Pv), lipovitellin light chain (LvL) as well as a beta'-component (beta'-c) domain, and belongs to VtgAo2. SbVtg has conserved important sequences for Vtg functions such as signal peptide, VtgR-binding region, and disulfide bond formation, all of which are consistent with those of other teleosts. In addition, the male slender bitterling aqueous exposed to 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2, 12.5, 25, and 50 ng/L) produced a statistically significant and concentration-dependent increase in hepatic Vtg mRNA expression, which showed a similar pattern to biliary estrogenic activity, measured by ERE-reporter gene assay. Thus, this study clearly indicates that the induction of Vtg in slender bitterling might be a suitable biomarker in toxicological research of EEDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ryong Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, #300 Cheoncheondong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea
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20
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Lavado R, Loyo-Rosales JE, Floyd E, Kolodziej EP, Snyder SA, Sedlak DL, Schlenk D. Site-specific profiles of estrogenic activity in agricultural areas of California's inland waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:9110-6. [PMID: 20000500 DOI: 10.1021/es902583q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the occurrence and sources of compounds capable of feminizing fish in agriculturally impacted waterways of the Central Valley of California, water samples were extracted and subjected to chemical analyses as well as in vitro and in vivo measurements of vitellogenin in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Among the 16 sites sampled, 6 locations frequently exhibited elevated concentrations of estrogenic substances with 17beta-estradiol equivalents up to 242 ng/L in vitro and 12 microg/kg in vivo. The patterns of activity varied among sites, with two sites showing elevated activity only in vitro, two showing elevated activity only in vivo, and two showing elevated activity in both assays. Sequential elution of solid-phase extraction (SPE) disks followed by bioassay-guided fractionation was used to characterize water samples from the two locations where activity was observed in both bioassays. The highest estrogenic activity was observed in the most nonpolar fractions (80-100% methanol eluent) from the Napa River, while most of the activity in the Sacramento River Delta eluted in the 60% methanol eluent. Quantitative analyses of SPE extracts and additional HPLC fractionation of the SPE extracts by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS indicated concentrations of steroid hormones, alkylphenol polyethoxylates, and herbicides that were at least 1-3 orders of magnitude below bioassay 17beta-estradiol equivalent calculations. Given the different patterns of activity and chemical properties of the estrogenic compounds, it appears that estrogenic activity in these agriculturally impacted surface waters is attributable to multiple compounds. Further investigation is needed to identify the compounds causing the estrogenic activity and to determine the potential impacts of these compounds on feral fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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21
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Oh SM, Kim HR, Park HK, Choi K, Ryu J, Shin HS, Park JS, Lee JS, Chung KH. Identification of estrogen-like effects and biologically active compounds in river water using bioassays and chemical analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:5787-5794. [PMID: 19647290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Nackdong River is the longest river in South Korea and passes through major cities that have several industrial complexes, including chemical, electric, and petrochemical complexes, and municipal characteristics such as apartment complexes. Along the river, the Gumi region has an electric industrial complex and an apartment complex that may be possible point sources of xenoestrogens such as phenolic compounds. To identify the causative chemicals for estrogenic activity in the river water of this region, bioassay-directed chemical analysis was performed. All samples from six sampling sites (an upstream point: S1; hot spot points: S2-1, S2-2, and S2-3; and downstream points: S3, and S4) showed estrogenic activity in the E-screen assay, with bio-EEQs (17beta-E(2)-equivalent quantities) ranging from 25.35-677.15 pg/L. Samples from S2-2, the sampling point downstream of the junction of stream water, and domestic and industrial wastewater, contained the highest estrogenic activity. Since the bio-EEQ of the organic acid fraction (F2) of the S2-2 sample had the highest activity (823.25 pg-EEQ/L) and F2 may contain phenolic compounds, GC-MS analyses for phenolic xenoestrogens were conducted with the organic acid fractions of the river water samples. Six estrogenic phenolic chemicals, 4-NP, BPA, 4-t-OP, 4-t-BP, 4-n-OP, and 4-n-HTP, were detected, with the highest concentrations (I-EEQ) found in S2-2 (231.80 pg/L). Among these phenolic chemicals, 4-NP was the most potent estrogen (bio-EEF; 8.12 x1 0(-5)) and acted as a full agonist. Furthermore, 4-NP was present at levels (2.0 microg/L in S2-2) that can induce VTG induction in fish (>1 microg/L). In addition, we confirmed that river water (S2-2) significantly increased serum VTG levels in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) in a fish exposure experiment under laboratory conditions. Therefore, phenolic xenoestrogens, especially 4-NP, may be the main causative compounds responsible for the estrogenic effect on the Nackdong River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, #300, Cheoncheondong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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22
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Jin Y, Wang W, Xu C, Fu Z, Liu W. Induction of hepatic estrogen-responsive gene transcription by permethrin enantiomers in male adult zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 88:146-152. [PMID: 18499281 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent studies on enantioselectivity in acute aquatic toxicity and biodegradation of some pyrethroid pesticides, including permethrin (PM), enantiomer-specific estrogenic activity has been the subject of limited research. In this study, real-time quantitative RT-PCR was adopted to investigate induction of hepatic expression of mRNA of selected genes in male adult zebrafish after short-term exposure to PM enantiomers. The PM enantiomers were completely separated by a chiral HPLC column. The in vivo study found that a 2-day exposure to 100 ng/l PM racemate and its enantiomers was sufficient to stimulate transcription of two vitellogenin (vtg) genes, while 250 ng/l exposure significantly induced gene transcription in a pattern and content similar to that of the control (50 ng/l 17beta-estradiol (E2)). Significant differences were detected between the enantiomers in induction of hepatic gene transcription. At exposure level of 500 ng/l, the response to the (-)-trans enantiomer was 2.6 and 1.8 times greater than the (+)-trans enantiomer based on zebrafish vtg1 and vtg2 mRNA induction (p<0.05), respectively. Of the four enantiomers, the (-)-trans enantiomer showed the greatest estrogenic activity, with a relative activity 4-fold higher than the 50 ng/l E2 group. The results strongly suggested the occurrence of significant enantioselectivity in estrogenic activity of PM enantiomers. It would appear from our results and previous studies that using chiral pesticide as a single compound would increase the environmental risk of chronic toxicity, such as endocrine disruption, to humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310032, China
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