1
|
Singh AK, Agrahari S, Gautam RK, Tiwari I. Fabrication of an innovative electrochemical sensor based on graphene-coated silver nanoparticles decorated over graphitic carbon nitride for efficient determination of estradiol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38628-38644. [PMID: 36207635 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring small amount of endocrine disrupting chemical, estradiol (E2) residue in environmental and biological samples is extremely important because of its possible connections to breast and prostate malignancies and gastrointestinal disorders. The newly synthesized graphene-coated silver nanoparticles (GN@Ag) decorated on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based hybrid nanomaterial (GN@Ag/g-C3N4) was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for electroanalytical measurement of E2. The GN@Ag/g-C3N4 nanocomposite prepared through ultrasonic-assisted reflux methodology was characterized using various physicochemical methods. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have shown that GN@Ag nanoparticles were decorated and randomly dispersed over g-C3N4 sheets. The exceptional electrochemical response towards the oxidation of E2 was observed through cyclic voltammetry due to the quick electron transfer ability and superior conductivity of GN@Ag/g-C3N4/GCE. The detection limit was found to be 0.002 μM with wide linear range of E2 concentration (0.005-8.0 μM) along with remarkable stability of the fabricated electrode for 21 days showing 91% retention in initial current. The kinetic parameters such as catalytic rate constant and diffusion coefficient for E2 were estimated to be 1.1 × 105 M-1 s-1 and 1.9 × 10-4 cm2 s-1, respectively, by employing chronoamperometry. The proposed sensor also demonstrated its practical applicability for E2 determination in environmental and biological samples with a recovery range of 95-104%. Furthermore, the developed sensing platform is much better compared to reported methods in terms of simplicity, accuracy, detection limit, linearity range, and usefulness in real sample for E2 sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shreanshi Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Gautam
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ida Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cai Z, Zhao B, Hao L, Wang Q, Wang Z, Wu Q, Wang C. Fabrication of imidazoline-linked cationic covalent triazine framework for enrichment of environmental estrogens. Talanta 2024; 272:125750. [PMID: 38364559 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Imidazoline-linked cationic covalent triazine framework (IM-iCTF) was facilely prepared through the Debus-Radziszewski reaction, involving 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)trianiline, formaldehyde and methylglyoxal. The IM-iCTF was applied as a sorbent for cartridge solid-phase extraction (SPE). It provided good adsorption performance for estrogen and estrogen mimics including bisphenol F, bisphenol A, 7β-estradiol, bisphenol B and estrone. The adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetic model, thermodynamic calculations and adsorption mechanism were investigated to reveal the adsorption behavior. The IM-iCTF was employed for the extraction of the estrogens and estrogen mimics from water, fish and shrimp (fish and shrimp samples were extracted with acetonitrile before the SPE). The analytes were then determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.008-0.05 ng mL-1 for water, 0.015-0.11 μg g-1 for fish, and 0.012-0.10 μg g-1 for shrimp samples. This research not only offers a new approach to construct cationic covalent triazine framework, but also provides a reliable strategy for the adsorption/enrichment trace level of organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Johnson JL, Dodder NG, Mladenov N, Steinberg L, Richardot WH, Hoh E. Comparison of Trace Organic Chemical Removal Efficiencies between Aerobic and Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors Treating Municipal Wastewater. ACS ES&T WATER 2024; 4:1381-1392. [PMID: 38633364 PMCID: PMC11019542 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating persistent trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) and transformation products (TPs) in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is essential, given that MBRs are now widely implemented for wastewater treatment and water reuse. This research applied comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS)-based nontargeted analysis to compare the effectiveness of parallel aerobic and anaerobic MBRs (AeMBRs and AnMBRs, respectively), treating the same municipal wastewater. The average total chromatographic feature peak area abundances were significantly reduced by 84% and 72% from influent to membrane permeate in both the AeMBR and AnMBR (p < 0.05), respectively. However, the reduction of the average number of chromatographic features was significant for only AeMBR treatment (p = 0.006). A similar number of TPs were generated during both AeMBR and AnMBR treatments (165 vs 171 compounds, respectively). The overall results suggest that the AeMBR was more effective for reducing the diversity of TOrCs than the AnMBR, but both aerobic and anaerobic processes had a similar reduction of TOrC abundance. Suspect screening analysis using GC×GC/TOF-MS, which resulted in the tentative identification of 351 TOrCs, proved to be a powerful approach for uncovering compounds previously unreported in wastewater, including many fragrances and personal care products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade L. Johnson
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Natalie Mladenov
- Department
of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Lauren Steinberg
- Department
of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - William H. Richardot
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ljoncheva M, Heath E, Heath D, Džeroski S, Kosjek T. Contaminants of emerging concern: Silylation procedures, evaluation of the stability of silyl derivatives and associated measurement uncertainty. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165669. [PMID: 37478934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Analyte range of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), widely used in environmental analysis, can be significantly broadened by derivatization. Silyl derivatives have improved volatility and thermal stability, chromatographic and mass spectrometric behaviors, and thus detection, structural elucidation and quantification. However, silylation use is often hindered by the stability of generated derivatives and the need to optimize silylation conditions. In this study, we optimized the derivatization conditions for 70 selected contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) using chemometrics approaches. N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and BSTFA + 1 % trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) were investigated, among which the latter gave the best yield. CEC were grouped in three derivatization protocols: 60 °C/45 min, 70 °C/90 min, and 70 °C/45 min. The short- and long-term stability of the CEC-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives, i.e. for 28 days and up to 20 weeks were examined in a solvent and artificial wastewater (AWW) extract at 25 °C, 4 °C and - 18 °C, and during repeated five freeze-thaw (F/T) cycles, at two concentration levels: 100 μg/L and 1000 μg/L. Except for TMS derivatives of shikimic acid (SHA), quinic acid (QA) and sulfanilamide (SFA), the remaining derivatized compounds were stable in solvent (EtAc) for 28 days. In AWW extract, TMS derivatives of citric acid (CA), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were unstable at 25 °C and 4 °C. Within up to 20 weeks, only the TMS derivatives of CA, meso-erythritol (ERY) and bisphenol BP (BPBP) were unstable. The most significant hydrolytic breakdown was observed during repeated F/T cycles. After three cycles, ≤ 20 % of the initial concentration of six and nine CEC-TMS derivatives had degraded in solvent and AWW extracts, respectively. According to the deep statistical comparison (DSC) approach, the most prominent degradation was observed for TMS derivatives of E2, CA, 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-HF), estrone (E1) and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (T3HC) in solvent; E2, CA, 9-HF, E3 and E1 in AWW extracts and ERY, E2, CA, 9-HF and E1 in both matrices. Finally, the sample concentration of CEC accounted for most of the measurement uncertainty (MU). Based on our findings, we recommend the derivatized samples to be stored at -18 °C for up to 20 weeks to ensure the stability of their TMS derivatives. Sample freezing and thawing of not more than twice is allowed to maintain ≥80 % of the initial CEC-TMS concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ljoncheva
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - E Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S Džeroski
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiao Y, Han D, Currell M, Song X, Zhang Y. Review of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) in China's water environments: Implications for environmental fate, transport and health risks. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120645. [PMID: 37769420 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) are ubiquitous in soil and water system and have become a great issue of environmental and public health concern since the 1990s. However, the occurrence and mechanism(s) of EDCs' migration and transformation at the watershed scale are poorly understood. A review of EDCs pollution in China's major watersheds (and comparison to other countries) has been carried out to better assess these issues and associated ecological risks, compiling a large amount of data. Comparing the distribution characteristics of EDCs in water environments around the world and analyzing various measures and systems for managing EDCs internationally, the significant insights of the review are: 1) There are significant spatial differences and concentration variations of EDCs in surface water and groundwater in China, yet all regions present non-negligible ecological risks. 2) The hyporheic zone, as a transitional zone of surface water and groundwater interaction, can effectively adsorb and degrade EDCs and prevent the migration of high concentrations of EDCs from surface water to groundwater. This suggests that more attention needs to be paid to the role played by critical zones in water environments, when considering the removal of EDCs in water environments. 3) In China, there is a lack of comprehensive and effective regulations to limit and reduce EDCs generated during human activities and their discharge into the water environment. 4) To prevent the deterioration of surface water and groundwater quality, the monitoring and management of EDCs in water environments should be strengthened in China. This review provides a thorough survey of scientifically valid data and recommendations for the development of policies for the management of EDCs in China's water environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Matthew Currell
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, SA; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, SA
| | - Xianfang Song
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, 100036, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hosseini E, Ghasemi JB, Shekarchi M. Simultaneous Determination of Adulterants in Dietary Food Supplements Using Multivariate Data Analysis after Preconcentration with Novel Nanosorbents and Chromatographic Measurement. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1309-1318. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The increasing popularity of dietary supplements and, consequently, related adulteration emphasizes the rising need to examine the association of food supplements with fraud. Intentional or unintentional fraud in food supplements by hazardous chemicals compounds is a problem that many countries are struggling with. Much effort have been made to effectively and reliably control the quality of food supplements.
Objective
Due to the importance of the subject, an analytical method for the simultaneous and reliable detection and quantitative determination of three key adulterants in dietary food supplements was developed. The proposed method benefits from analytical methods and multivariate calibration methods to progress the determination of adulterants in a complex matrix.
Methods
HPLC assisted by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least square (MCR-ALS) analysis was used to detect adulterants in real samples after separation and preconcentration using novel mesoporous carbon nanoparticles. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) optimization was accomplished by central composite design (CCD). In order to obtain the best results, the MCR-ALS model was compared with the parallel factor analysis 2 (PARAFAC2) model and validated by estimation of linearity, detection limits, and recovery.
Results
The detection limits and linear dynamics were calculated as 1.5, 4.27, and 4.77 µg/mL, and 1–50, 5–20, and 5–20 µg/mL for caffeine, ephedrine, and fluoxetine, respectively. Mean recovery for determination of caffeine, ephedrine, and fluoxetine using the developed method was reported as 101.75, 91.7, and 92.36, respectively.
Conclusion
The results showed that to avoid negative health outcomes associated with the excessive consumption of adulterated food supplements releasing such products should be carefully regulated. The developed method was validated using statistical factors and showed acceptable and reliable results.
Highlights
(1) The application of MCR-ALS coupled with HPLC-Diode-Array Detection data sets allowed the simultaneous identification and quantification of three key adulterants (caffeine, ephedrine, and fluoxetine) in dietary food supplements. (2) A small amount of the novel adsorbent was successfully used to preconcentrate the trace amounts of adulterants in samples. (3) This method benefits from the chemometrics tools and experimental design to significantly reduce the use of toxic solvents and complicated instruments to propose a less time-consuming method for quantification of multicomponents in the presence of uncalibrated interferents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ensie Hosseini
- University of Tehran, Faculty of Chemistry , , Tehran 6718773654, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , , Tehran 6718773654, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- University of Tehran, Faculty of Chemistry , , Tehran 6718773654, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , , Tehran 6718773654, Iran
| | - Maryam Shekarchi
- Food and Drug Control Laboratories and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center , Tahran 1439956311, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Analysis of imidazolium ionic liquids in biological matrices: A novel procedure for the determination of trace amounts in marine mussels. Talanta 2022; 252:123790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
8
|
Chafi S, Ballesteros E. A sensitive, robust method for determining natural and synthetic hormones in surface and wastewaters by continuous solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:53619-53632. [PMID: 35290579 PMCID: PMC9343308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, steroidal estrogens have become an emerging and very serious issue as they pose a serious threat to living organisms, soil, plants, and water resources in general. Estrogens have therefore been the subject of considerable scientific attention in order to develop new methodologies for its determination, being able of detecting them at very low concentrations. Those procedures minimize or eliminate the consumption of organic solvents and reagents that may be incompatible with the environment. In this respect, we developed a sensitive, selective method for the simultaneous determination of thirteen natural and synthetic hormones present at the nanogram-per-liter level in various types of water by using continuous solid-phase extraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The target analytes were preferentially sorbed on an Oasis HLB sorbent column (80 mg) and eluted with acetone (600 µL) for derivatization with a mixture of 70 µL of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane and 35 µL of petroleum ether in a household microwave oven at 200 W for 4 min. Under optimum conditions, the ensuing method exhibited good linearity (r ≥ 0.998), good precision (RSD ≤ 7%), high recoveries (92-103%), and low detection limits (0.01-0.3 ng L-1). The method outperforms existing alternatives in robustness, sensitivity, throughput, flexibility-it allows both estrogens, progestogens, and androgens to be determined simultaneously-and compliance with the principles of Green Chemistry. It was successfully used to analyze various types of water samples (mineral, tap, well, pond, swimming pool, river, and waste) that were found to contain four estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and hexestrol), two progestogens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone), and one progestogen (progesterone) at concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 110 ng L-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safae Chafi
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S of Linares, University of Jaén, Avenida de La Universidad, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
| | - Evaristo Ballesteros
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S of Linares, University of Jaén, Avenida de La Universidad, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Natural deep eutectic solvent: A novelty alternative as multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersing agent for the determination of paracetamol in urine. Talanta 2022; 242:123290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Pashaei R, Dzingelevičienė R, Abbasi S, Szultka-Młyńska M, Buszewski B. Determination of the pharmaceuticals-nano/microplastics in aquatic systems by analytical and instrumental methods. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:93. [PMID: 35028740 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles as emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment are a subject of increasing concern in terms of the effect on water sources and marine organisms. There is lack of information about pharmaceutical-nanoplastic and pharmaceutical-microplastic mixtures. The present study aimed to investigate the fate and effect of pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles, the results of combinations of pharmaceutical residues with nanoplastic and microplastic particles, and toxic effects of pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles. Moreover, the objective was also to introduce analytical methods for pharmaceuticals, along with instrumental techniques for nanoplastic and microplastic particles in aquatic environments and organisms. PhAC alone can affect marine environments and aquatic organisms. When pharmaceutical residues combine with nanoplastic and microplastic particles, the rate of toxicity increases, and the result of this phenomenon constitutes this kind of pollutant in wastewater. Hence, the rate of mortality in organisms enhances. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pharmaceuticals residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles, and a mixture of pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles in aquatic biota. Another object was survey methods for recognizing pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles. The findings show that pharmaceutical residues in organisms caused cell structure damage, inflammatory response, and nerve cell apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of microplastic particles in the human food chain and their impact on human health. Moreover, this review aims to present an innovative methodology based on comprehensive analytical techniques used to determine and identify pharmaceuticals adsorbed on nano- and microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. Finally, this review addresses the knowledge gaps and provides insights into future research strategies to better understand their interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Pashaei
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
| | | | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goeury K, Vo Duy S, Munoz G, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Assessment of automated off-line solid-phase extraction LC-MS/MS to monitor EPA priority endocrine disruptors in tap water, surface water, and wastewater. Talanta 2022; 241:123216. [PMID: 35042051 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
EPA method 539.1 recently introduced an expanded list of priority endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), some of which were also included in the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 3 (UCMR3). Though standardized methods are available for drinking water, analysis of steroid hormones and bisphenol A (BPA) at the ultra-trace level remains challenging. This study set out to evaluate the suitability of automated off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of EPA-priority EDCs in environmental water matrixes (tap water, surface water, and wastewater influents and effluents). The target molecules included 14 steroid hormones (altrenogest, androstenedione, equilenin, equilin, α-estradiol, β-estradiol, estriol, estrone, ethinylestradiol, levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, norethindrone, progesterone, testosterone) and BPA. Factors that may influence the analytical performance were assessed. This involved, for instance, testing combinations of SPE materials from different brands and protocol variations. Several materials presented absolute extraction efficiencies in acceptable ranges. Initial sample pH, nature of reconstitution medium, and mobile phase salt concentration were among the potential factors affecting analyte signal. Storage conditions (different preservative agents) possibly exerted the strongest influence, in agreement with the literature. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.03-0.5 ng/L in drinking water, 0.1-0.5 ng/L in surface water, and 0.16-1 ng/L in wastewater. Method validation also involved testing linearity, accuracy, and precision in reagent water and matrix-matched extracted calibrants. The method was applied to field-collected water samples in Eastern Canada. Summed EDC concentrations remained low in tap water (<LOQ-0.92 ng/L), while higher detection frequencies and contamination levels were reported in riverine surface waters (2.6-37 ng/L) and municipal wastewaters (10-424 ng/L).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Goeury
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohd Hanafiah Z, Wan Mohtar WHM, Abd Manan TSB, Bachi' NA, Abdullah NA, Abd Hamid HH, Beddu S, Mohd Kamal NL, Ahmad A, Wan Rasdi N. The occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Malaysian urban domestic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132134. [PMID: 34517236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The water stream has been reported to contain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), released from households and premises through discharge from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). This research identifies commonly consumed NSAIDs namely ibuprofen (IBU), diclofenac (DIC), ketoprofen (KET) and naproxen (NAP) in the influent wastewater from two urban catchments (i.e. 2 STPs). We expand our focus to assess the efficiency of monomer (C18) and dimer (HLB) types of sorbents in the solid phase extraction method followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis and optimize model prediction of NSAIDs in the influent wastewater using I-Optimal design. The ecological risk assessment of the NSAIDs was evaluated. The HLB produced reliable analysis for all NSAIDs under study (STP1: 6.7 × 10-3 mg L-1 to 2.21 × 10-1 mg L-1, STP2: 1.40 × 10-4 mg L-1 to 9.72 × 10-2 mg L-1). The C18 however, selective to NAP. Based on the Pearson proximity matrices, the DICHLB can be a good indicator for IBUHLB (0.565), NAPC18 (0.721), NAPHLB (0.566), and KETHLB (0.747). The optimized model prediction for KET and NAP based on DIC are successfully validated. The risk quotients (RQ) values of NSAIDs were classified as high (RQ > 1), medium (RQ, 0.1-1) and low (RQ, 0.01-0.1) risks. The optimized models are beneficial for major NSAIDs (KET and NAP) monitoring in the influent wastewater of urban domestic area. An upgrade on the existing wastewater treatment infrastructure is recommended to counteract current water security situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43600, Malaysia.
| | - Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, 21030, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Aina Bachi'
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azura Abdullah
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Salmia Beddu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Amirrudin Ahmad
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, 21030, Malaysia; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, 21030, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Wan Rasdi
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, 21030, Malaysia; Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, 21030, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A review on environmental occurrence, toxicity and microbial degradation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113694. [PMID: 34537557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have surfaced as a novel class of pollutants due to their incomplete degradation in wastewater treatment plants and their inherent ability to promote physiological predicaments in humans even at low doses. The occurrence of the most common NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketoprofen) in river water, groundwater, finished water samples, WWTPs, and hospital wastewater effluents along with their toxicity effects were reviewed. The typical concentrations of NSAIDs in natural waters were mostly below 1 μg/L, the rivers receiving untreated wastewater discharge have often showed higher concentrations, highlighting the importance of effective wastewater treatment. The critical analysis of potential, pathways and mechanisms of microbial degradation of NSAIDs were also done. Although studies on algal and fungal strains were limited, several bacterial strains were known to degrade NSAIDs. This microbial ability is attributed to hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 because of the decrease in drug concentrations in fungal cultures of Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 on incubation with 1-aminobenzotriazole. Moreover, processes like decarboxylation, dehydrogenation, dechlorination, subsequent oxidation, demethylation, etc. also constitute the degradation pathways. A wide array of enzymes like dehydrogenase, oxidoreductase, dioxygenase, monooxygenase, decarboxylase, and many more are upregulated during the degradation process, which indicates the possibility of their involvement in microbial degradation. Specific hindrances in upscaling the process along with analytical research needs were also identified, and novel investigative approaches for future monitoring studies are proposed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Baştürk E, Karataş M. Removal of pharmaceuticals by advanced treatment methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113808. [PMID: 34649316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) remains a big challenge in water treatment in terms of public health. The aim of the study was evaluating the performance of nano TiO2, ozone, and UV system for removal of EDCs. In this study, the efficiency of the nano TiO2 to degrade target EDCs under catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation was examined at different operational conditions. The maximum removal of target pollutant was obtained with pH 6.8; ozone concentration 10 mg/L; catalyst dosage 0.050 g/L and the duration time of the photocatalytic performances was 10 min showing the most treatment conditions respectively. In addition, the surface reaction mechanism of endocrine disrupting compound removal by catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation was investigated. The results showed that the catalyst can significantly enhance the removal of target compound. The 99.0%, 88.3% and 51.8% removal rates were obtained at photocatalytic ozonation, catalytic ozonation and sole ozonation, respectively. These results indicated that the Ozone/TiO2/UV process was favorable for engineering applications for removal of endocrine disrupting compounds such as steroid hormone and likely similar micro pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Baştürk
- Aksaray University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey; Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Karataş
- Aksaray University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Water Environment of Poland: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The issue of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the water environment has gained increasing interest worldwide. To determine the nature and extent of this problem for Poland, this paper presents a review of research on the presence of PPCPs in Poland, looking at results for different water samples, including wastewater (before and after treatment), landfill leachate, surface water (standing water bodies and rivers), seawater, groundwater and drinking water. The review is based on over 50 scientific articles and dissertations referring to studies of PPCPs. It also briefly outlines possible sources and the fate of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. The review of Polish research has revealed that studies have previously covered at least 39 PPCP groups (270 compounds in total). These studies focused mainly on wastewater and rivers, and only a few concerned landfill leachate and seawater. They most often reported on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. The highest concentrations of the analysed PPCPs were found mainly in raw wastewater (e.g., naproxen, up to 551,960 ng/L), but they were also occasionally found in surface water (e.g., azithromycin, erythromycin, irbesartan and metoprolol) and in groundwater (e.g., N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, known as DEET, up to 17,280 ng/L). Extremely high concentrations of bisphenol A (up to 2,202,000 ng/L) and diclofenac (up to 108,340 ng/L) were found in landfill leachate. Although numerous substances have been detected, PPCPs are still not monitored regularly, which makes it difficult to obtain a clear understanding of their incidence in the water environment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Recent Advances in Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for Analysis of Hormones. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are active substances that are necessary in the normal functioning of all physiological activities in the body, such as sexual characteristics, metabolism, and mood control. They are also widely used as exogenous chemicals in medical and pharmaceutical applications as treatments and at times growth promoters in animal farming. The vast application of steroid hormones has resulted in them being found in different matrices, such as food, environmental, and biological samples. The presence of hormones in such matrices means that they can easily come into contact with humans and animals as exogenous compounds, resulting in abnormal concentrations that can lead to endocrine disruption. This makes their determination in different matrices a vital part of pollutant management and control. Although advances in analytical instruments are constant, it has been determined that these instruments still require some sample preparation steps to be able to determine the occurrence of pollutants in the complex matrices in which they occur. Advances are still being made in sample preparation to ensure easier, selective, and sensitive analysis of complex matrices. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been termed as advanced solid-phase (SPE) materials for the selective extraction and preconcentration of hormones in complex matrices. This review explores the preparation and application of MIPs for the determination of steroid hormones in different sample types.
Collapse
|
17
|
Amiri A, Ghaemi F. Solid-phase extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human plasma and water samples using sol-gel-based metal-organic framework coating. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462168. [PMID: 33984648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF-199) was fabricated and coated on the stainless steel mesh as substrates through sol-gel procedure. Then the coated substrates were placed in a small column known as solid-phase extraction cartridge. The SPE based coated stainless steel mesh coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detector (HPLC-UV) was used for the fast extraction, and quantification of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from human plasma and water samples. To find optimum extraction conditions, the impacts of effective parameters on analytical performance like sample pH, sample volume, type, and volume of desorption solvent were optimized. At the optimized conditions, calibration graphs of analytes were linear in the concentration range of 0.03-300 ng mL-1 for water samples, and 0.1-200 ng mL-1 for plasma samples. The correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.9938 to 0.9989. Also, the limits of detection (LODs) were from 0.01 to 0.02 ng mL-1 for water samples and 0.03 to 0.1 ng mL-1 for plasma samples. The cartridge repeatability was studied at different values, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs%) were achieved between 3.5 and 5.1%. Consequently, this procedure was successfully used in the extraction and detection of NSAIDs in real water and plasma samples with relative recoveries ranged from 93.6 to 99.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhassan Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran.
| | - Ferial Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Y, Yang L, Zhen H, Chen X, Sheng M, Li K, Xue W, Zhao H, Meng S, Cao G. Determination of estrogens and estrogen mimics by solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1168:122559. [PMID: 33652260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed and validated for the determination of six estrogens and estrogen mimics, namely estriol (E3), bisphenol A (BPA), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), ethynyl estradiol (EE2) and dienestrol (DIE), with frequent occurrence in the natural environment. Solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI) in a negative mode was applied to concentration, identification, and quantification of estrogens and estrogen mimics. The SPE conditions were optimized as the selection of C18 as cartridges and MeOH as an eluent, and the control of solution pH at 9.0. The method was validated by satisfactory recoveries (80-130%) and intra-day and inter-day precision (<18.4%, as relative standard deviation), and excellent linearity for calibration curves (R2 > 0.996). The limits of detection (LODs) for six target estrogenic compounds ranged between 2.5 and 19.2 ng/L. The effects of matrix background on the determination were evaluated in terms of LODs, LOQs, analyte recovery, and slopes of calibration curves in five different water matrices. Matrix effects by tap water were negligible. However, both matrix suppression and enhancement (i.e., E3, E1, DIE) were observed in surface water and wastewater. The positive correlation between LODs and TOC in various water matrices indicated the negative effect of organic pollutants on the method sensitivity. The sum of target estrogenic compounds in environmental samples were within 17-9462 ng/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Huajun Zhen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Mei Sheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weibo Xue
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guomin Cao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Exploration of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIPs) as an Adsorbent for the Enrichment of Trenbolone in Water. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of endocrine disruptors in surface waters can have negative implications on wildlife and humans both directly and indirectly. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was explored for its potential to enhance the UV-Vis determination of trenbolone in water using solid-phase extraction (SPE). The synthesized MIP was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using the MIP resulted in a preconcentration and enrichment factor of 14 and 8, respectively. Trenbolone binding on the MIP was shown to follow a Langmuir adsorption and had a maximum adsorption capacity of 27.5 mg g−1. Interference studies showed that the MIP selectivity was not compromised by interferences in the sample. The MIP could be recycled three times before significant loss in analyte recovery.
Collapse
|
20
|
Paracetamol Sensing with a Pencil Lead Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanotubes and Polyvinylpyrrolidone. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The determination of paracetamol is a common need in pharmaceutical and environmental samples for which a low-cost, rapid, and accurate sensor would be highly desirable. We develop a novel pencil graphite lead electrode (PGE) modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer (PVP/SWCNT/PGE) for the voltammetric quantification of paracetamol. The sensor shows remarkable analytical performance in the determination of paracetamol at neutral pH, with a limit of detection of 0.38 μM and a linear response from 1 to 500 μM using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), which are well suited to the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. The introduction of the polymer PVP can cause dramatic changes in the sensing performance of the electrode, depending on its specific architecture. These effects were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the co-localization and dispersion of PVP throughout the carbon nanotubes on the electrode are key to its superior electrochemical performance, facilitating the electrical contact between the nanotubes and with the electrode surface. The application of this sensor to commercial syrup and tablet preparations is demonstrated with excellent results.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kołecka K, Gajewska M, Cytawa S, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Is sequential batch reactor an efficient technology to protect recipient against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol in treated wastewater? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124068. [PMID: 32905945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tested facility was a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Swarzewo, where the wastewater treatment takes place in aeration chambers with activated sludge using sequential batch reactors (SBRs). The concentration of the following pharmaceuticals: ibuprofen, paracetamol, flurbiprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and its metabolites 5OH-diclofenac and 4OH-diclofenac was tested in influents and effluents. Simultaneously, the conventional parameters were characterised. The removal of conventional pollutants was high (94.4-99.5%). At the same time, the removal of pharmaceuticals was variable. In the case of diclofenac and its metabolites, the concentration in the effluent was higher than in the influents. The risk quotients (RQs) calculated for analyzed pharmaceuticals suggest low environmental risk for selected species. However, negative impact for the biota due to the chronic presence of diclofenac cannot be excluded. It can be concluded that the SBRs, similarly to traditional flow activated sludge technology, are not efficient in the removal of target pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kołecka
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gajewska
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stanisław Cytawa
- "SWARZEWO" Water and Wastewater Company, Władysławowska 84, 84-100 Swarzewo, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stepnowski P, Wolecki D, Puckowski A, Paszkiewicz M, Caban M. Anti-inflammatory drugs in the Vistula River following the failure of the Warsaw sewage collection system in 2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140848. [PMID: 32758731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
At the end of August 2019, in Warsaw, the sewage collection system of the Wastewater Treatment Plant malfunctioned. During the subsequent 12 days, over 3.6 million m3 of untreated sewage was introduced from the damaged collector directly into the Vistula River. It is one of the biggest known failures of its kind in the world so far. In this study we investigated to what extent the incident contributed to the increased discharge of anti-inflammatory drugs into the environment. The study covered the section from the point of discharge to the city of Toruń (ca. 170 km downstream). It was found that in the river waters downstream of the damaged collector, the concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals increased considerably in comparison with the waters upstream of the collector. The highest concentrations were observed for paracetamol (102.9 μg/L), ibuprofen (5.3 μg/L) and diclofenac (4.8 μg/L). We also measured to what extent and at what rate these pollutants were distributed along the river. The effects of the incident were observed in further parts of the river after 16 days. In the study we also detected elevated concentrations of ibuprofen and diclofenac in the bottom sediments collected 6 weeks after the failure. Measurements of the levels of pharmaceuticals in estuarial and marine waters in the vicinity of the mouth of the Vistula River indicate that the incident did not significantly increase the load of these pollutants in the waters of the southern Baltic Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Daniel Wolecki
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alan Puckowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Paszkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wolecki D, Caban M, Pazda M, Stepnowski P, Kumirska J. Evaluation of the Possibility of Using Hydroponic Cultivations for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010162. [PMID: 31906110 PMCID: PMC6982867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of the presence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment is closely related to municipal wastewater and in consequence to municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) because wastewater is the main way in which these compounds are transferred to the ecosystem. For this reason, the development of cheap, simple but very effective techniques for the removal of such residues from wastewater is very important. In this study, the analysis of the potential of using three new plants: Cyperus papyrus (Papyrus), Lysimachia nemorum (Yellow pimpernel), and Euonymus europaeus (European spindle) by hydroponic cultivation for the removal of 15 selected pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in an MWWTP is presented. In order to obtain the most reliable data, this study was performed using real WWTP conditions and with the determination of the selected analytes in untreated sewage, treated sewage, and in plant materials. For determining the target compounds in plant materials, an Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE)-Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)-GC-MS(SIM) method was developed and validated. The obtained data proved that the elimination efficiency of the investigated substances from wastewater was in the range of 35.8% for diflunisal to above 99.9% for paracetamol, terbutaline, and flurbiprofen. Lysimachia nemorum was the most effective for the uptake of target compounds among the tested plant species. Thus, the application of constructed wetlands for supporting conventional MWWTPs allowed a significant increase in their removal from the wastewater stream.
Collapse
|
24
|
Koltsakidou Α, Katsiloulis C, Εvgenidou Ε, Lambropoulou DA. Photolysis and photocatalysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Nimesulide under simulated solar irradiation: Kinetic studies, transformation products and toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:245-257. [PMID: 31271990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the degradation of Nimesulide (NIM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, using photolysis, heterogeneous (TiO2 in dispersion) and homogeneous (photo-Fenton reactant) photocatalysis, under simulated solar light (SSL) radiation, was investigated. Various parameters affecting the degradation rate of the target compound during the applied processes were optimized. The efficiency of all treatments used (direct photolysis; TiΟ2/SSL; TiΟ2/Η2Ο2/SSL; TiΟ2/S2Ο82-/SSL; Fe3+/H2O2/SSL; Fe3+/S2O82-/SSL and [Fe(C2O4)3]3-/H2O2/SSL) was evaluated by means of initial reaction rate and mineralization. Moreover, the generated transformation products (TPs) by each basic process (photolysis; TiΟ2/SSL and Fe3+/H2O2/SSL) were identified, using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, and their formation kinetic profiles were given. The main transformation routes of NIM were hydroxylation and fragmentation, for all three treatments applied. Finally, toxicity measurements were conducted using Microtox bioassay in order to evaluate the potential risk of NIM and its TPs to aqueous organisms. Although, the acute toxicity increased during the first stages of treatment the final outcome lead to very low toxicity levels even within 60 min of TiO2/SSL treatment. Concluding, the obtained results suggest that the photocatalytic degradation of NIM can lead to its complete elimination and simultaneously to the detoxification of the solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Α Koltsakidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ch Katsiloulis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ε Εvgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D A Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tran NH, Reinhard M, Khan E, Chen H, Nguyen VT, Li Y, Goh SG, Nguyen QB, Saeidi N, Gin KYH. Emerging contaminants in wastewater, stormwater runoff, and surface water: Application as chemical markers for diffuse sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:252-267. [PMID: 31048157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse sources of pollution such as sewer leakages, sewer overflows, illicit discharges and stormwater runoff affect the urban surface water quality but often remain unknown. Therefore, the development of chemical markers for identifying and characterizing the origin of diffuse sources of pollution in urban surface waters is a requisite for protecting and managing urban water resources. In this study, the occurrence of 31 emerging contaminants (ECs) in untreated wastewater, treated wastewater, urban stormwater runoff, agricultural stormwater runoff, and freshwater bodies was investigated. Artificial sweeteners (ASs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were more frequently detected in the collected water samples. In raw wastewater, 21 target ECs were detected 100% in the collected samples with median concentrations ranging from 49.6 to 77,721 ng/L, while in freshwater bodies, only 13 compounds were found with detection frequency >50%. The median concentration of the majority of detected ECs in freshwater samples was below 100 ng/L. The suitability of ECs as chemical markers of diffuse sources in an urban watershed was assessed using a suite of criteria, including the detection frequency (DF), detection ratio (DR) (i.e. the ratio between median concentration and method quantification limit of a compound) and attenuation rates (i.e., biodegradation, sorption and abiotic degradation) in wastewater treatment processes. In addition, we propose a new key criterion, the concentration ratio (CR) of labile to conservative compounds, to evaluate the applicability of suitable chemical markers for source tracking. Using this new set of criteria (i.e. CR, DF, DR and attenuation rates), our analysis showed that among the investigated ECs, only acesulfame (ACE), acetaminophen (ACT), cyclamate (CYC), saccharin (SAC) were suitable as chemical markers of diffuse sources in surface waters. For caffeine (CF), N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), crotamiton (CTMT), triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS), their median concentration ratio to sucralose (SUC) in water bodies was consistently higher than that in raw wastewater, suggesting that these compounds might be unsuitable as chemical markers of sewage leakage in surface waters for this study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Martin Reinhard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Huiting Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Yiwen Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shin Giek Goh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Q B Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Nazanin Saeidi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wolecki D, Caban M, Pazdro K, Mulkiewicz E, Stepnowski P, Kumirska J. Simultaneous determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and natural estrogens in the mussels Mytilus edulis trossulus. Talanta 2019; 200:316-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Świacka K, Szaniawska A, Caban M. Evaluation of bioconcentration and metabolism of diclofenac in mussels Mytilus trossulus - laboratory study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 141:249-255. [PMID: 30955733 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the presence of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aquatic environment has been growing for over 20 years, yet very few studies deal with the metabolism of pharmaceuticals in marine organisms. In this study, the bioaccumulation under short-term conditions and metabolism of diclofenac were investigated. Mytilus trossulus was used as a representative of the Baltic benthic fauna. The mussels were exposed to diclofenac at a concentration of 133.33 μg/L for five days, following a five-day depuration phase. The highest concentration of diclofenac (7.79 μg/g dw) in tissues was determined on day 3. Subsequently, the concentration of diclofenac in tissues decreased rapidly to 0.86 μg/g dw on day 5. After five days of depuration, the concentration of diclofenac was 0.21 μg/g dw. Hydroxylated diclofenac metabolites were found both in tissues of mussels and water. This study shows that M. trossulus has the potential to accumulate diclofenac and metabolize it to 4-OH and 5-OH diclofenac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Szaniawska
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Semreen MH, Shanableh A, Semerjian L, Alniss H, Mousa M, Bai X, Acharya K. Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030633. [PMID: 30754718 PMCID: PMC6385045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the optimization and validation of a highly selective and sensitive analytical method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE LC-MS/MS) for the determination of some frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater received and treated by Sharjah sewage treatment plant (STP). The extraction efficiency of different SPE cartridges was tested and the simultaneous extraction of pharmaceuticals was successfully accomplished using hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced reversed phase Waters® Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg/ 6 mL) at pH 3. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) using gradient elution and mass spectrometric analysis were performed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) selecting two precursor ions to produce ion transition for each pharmaceutical using positive electrospray ionization (+ESI) mode. The correlation coefficient values in the linear calibration plot for each target compound exceeded 0.99 and the recovery percentages of the investigated pharmaceuticals were more than 84%. Limit of detection (LOD) varied between 0.1–1.5 ng/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3–5 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 2.2% to 7.7% and 2.2% to 8.6% for inter and intra-day analysis, respectively. All of the obtained validation parameters satisfied the requirements and guidelines of analytical method validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lucy Semerjian
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hasan Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mouath Mousa
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Xuelian Bai
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
| | - Kumud Acharya
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zaborska A, Siedlewicz G, Szymczycha B, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L, Pazdro K. Legacy and emerging pollutants in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) - loads and distribution revisited. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:238-255. [PMID: 30686425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine areas of densely populated countries are exposed to a wide array of human activities having an impact on their ecological status. The Baltic Sea is particularly susceptible to pollution by hazardous substances (limited water exchange, shallowness, and large catchment area). Polish media regularly reports ecological catastrophes in the Gulf of Gdańsk area caused by eg. shipwrecks leaking. Thus, there is a need of a broad scientific based report on recent contaminant loads and distribution. In this review paper, we report loads of contaminants from different obvious and non-obvious sources. We also gather data on legacy and new emerging contaminant concentrations measured in the Gulf of Gdańsk within the last decade (2008-2018). The paper also includes available biological effect measurements performed recently as well as a summary of needs and gaps to be filled for the development of reliable risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zaborska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kołecka K, Gajewska M, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals in conventional wastewater treatment plant with Sludge Treatment Reed Beds technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:149-157. [PMID: 30077845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues are an emerging environmental problem. It is strongly confirmed that pharmaceuticals are present in soils and environmental waters (surface, marine and even groundwater), and that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are the main source of pharmaceuticals in the watershed. The aim of this study was to recognize the spatial distribution and seasonal changes of selected pharmaceuticals in conventional WWTP with Sludge Treatment Reed Beds (STRBs) technology used for dewatering and stabilization of sewage sludge, because these systems have never been studied in terms of pharmaceuticals distribution or removal potential. The research was conducted in conventional WWTP in Gniewino, where raw wastewater was treated using mechanical, biological and chemical removal of the organic matter and nutrients, and sewage sludge was treated with STRB. Determinations of pharmaceuticals (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - ibuprofen, paracetamol, flurbiprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and its metabolites) and basic parameters were carried out in samples of influent and effluent from WWTP and in the liquid phase of surplus activated sludge (SAS) as well as reject water from STRB. The potential of removal varied among target pharmaceuticals. Ibuprofen and naproxen were completely removed by the standard applied technology of the Gniewino WWTP. Diclofenac and its metabolites were the chemicals with the lowest removal potential in wastewater and the highest detection frequency. These pharmaceuticals were also detected in the liquid phase of SAS as well as in reject water. However, removal potential when using STRB was higher than 94% (mostly higher than 99%), independent of the season. Indeed, the STRB technology is not only efficient in sludge dewatering and nutrient removal (primary purpose), but also elimination of polar pollutants. Nevertheless, removal in STRB did not mean that pharmaceuticals were totally eliminated because these compounds could be "trapped and stored" in beds (by the process of sorption) or transformed into other products. This study is a starting point for further exploration of STRB technology for elimination of emerging pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kołecka
- Department Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gajewska
- Department Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. WitaStwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. WitaStwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mirzajani R, Kardani F, Ramezani Z. Preparation and characterization of magnetic metal–organic framework nanocomposite as solid-phase microextraction fibers coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in biological fluids and tablet formulation samples. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
32
|
M F M Sampaio N, D B Castilhos N, C da Silva B, C Riegel-Vidotti I, J G Silva B. Evaluation of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Pectin-Based Hydrogel Disks as Extraction Phase for Determination of Steroidal Hormones in Aqueous Samples by GC-MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 24:E40. [PMID: 30583505 PMCID: PMC6337582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A new extraction phase based on hydrogel disks of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and pectin was proposed, characterized and evaluated for the extraction of six steroidal hormones (estriol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) in aqueous samples with subsequent determination by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) after the derivatization procedure. The developed extraction procedure was based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique, but employed hydrogel as the sorbent phase. The effects of several parameters, including the amount and composition of the sorbent phase, pH, sample volume, flow rate, and gel swelling over the extraction efficiency, were evaluated. Gels with lower swelling indexes and larger amounts of sorbent ensured higher extraction yields of analytes. The main benefits of using the PVOH/pectin-based hydrogel as the extraction phase are the ease of synthesis, low-cost preparation, and the possibility of reusing the extraction disks. Limits of quantification of 0.5 μg L-1 for estrone and 17β-estradiol, and 1 μg L-1 for testosterone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, progesterone, and estriol were obtained. Accuracy values ranged from 80% to 110%, while the inter-assay precision ranged from 0.23% to 22.2% and the intra-assay from 0.55% to 12.3%. Since the sorbent phase has an amphiphilic character, the use of hydrogels is promising for the extraction of medium-to-high polarity compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiara M F M Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba/PR 81530-900, Brazil.
| | - Natara D B Castilhos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba/PR 81530-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruno C da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba/PR 81530-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno J G Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba/PR 81530-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Montaseri H, Forbes PB. Analytical techniques for the determination of acetaminophen: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
34
|
Assessment of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Hormones in Wastewater Treatment Plants Receiving Inflows from Health Facilities in North West Province, South Africa. J Toxicol 2018; 2018:3751930. [PMID: 30510574 PMCID: PMC6232802 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3751930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of 17 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) belonging to various therapeutic categories was investigated in two hospital wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in North West Province, South Africa. The compounds were extracted from wastewater samples by solid-phase extraction and analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and bezafibrate were generally below the limit of quantification (LOQ) in the analysed samples. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen were the dominant pharmaceuticals in the influent streams with corresponding concentrations ranging from 21 to 119 μg/L and 0.3 to 63 μg/L, respectively. Both WWTPs were shown to have the capability to remove some of the target PPCPs, including acetaminophen (76-98%), tetracycline (15-93%), ibuprofen (44-99%), and triclocarban (13-98%). The monitoring of the target PPCPs in both influent and effluent samples of the investigated WWTPs revealed that the discharge of inadequately treated effluents could be contributing to the possible increase in the concentrations of these contaminants in the receiving environmental compartments. Further studies must be focused on the broader characterisation of these matrices in order to assess the potential ecological impacts of this waste disposal practice.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tran NH, Reinhard M, Gin KYH. Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants from different geographical regions-a review. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 133:182-207. [PMID: 29407700 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants, such as antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, and artificial sweeteners, are recognized as new classes of water contaminants due to their proven or potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This review provides comprehensive data on the occurrence of 60 emerging contaminants (ECs) in influent, treated effluent, sludge, and biosolids in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In particular, data on the occurrence of ECs in the influents and effluents of WWTPs are systematically summarized and categorized according to geographical regions (Asia, Europe, and North America). The occurrence patterns of ECs in raw influent and treated effluents of WWTPs between geographical regions were compared and evaluated. Concentrations of most ECs in raw influent in Asian region tend to be higher than those in European and North American countries. Many antibiotics were detected in the influents and effluents of WWTPs at concentrations close to or exceeding the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for resistance selection. The efficacy of EC removal by sorption and biodegradation during wastewater treatment processes are discussed in light of kinetics and parameters, such as sorption coefficients (Kd) and biodegradation constants (kbiol), and physicochemical properties (i.e. log Kow and pKa). Commonly used sampling and monitoring strategies are critically reviewed. Analytical research needs are identified, and novel investigative approaches for future monitoring studies are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Martin Reinhard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Caban M, Stepnowski P. Silylation of acetaminophen by trifluoroacetamide-based silylation agents. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 154:433-437. [PMID: 29579635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the presented report, we have described the silylation reaction between the amide group in acetaminophen and a two most popular trifluoroacetamide-based silylation reagents - BSTFA and MSTFA. Both reagents had a amide groups on structures. An investigation was made through the performance of a set of experiments, GC-MS analysis, and a theoretical study, namely interpretation of mass spectra, presentation of the resonance states of all the involved compounds and SN2 reaction schemes, which was found to be different when BSTFA and MSTFA was applied. The negligible effect of used solvent was also described. The fragmentation of TMS-derivatives (MS spectra) was presented and it has confirmed our previous investigations with silylation of pharmaceuticals, and a general rules of fragmentation patterns. Thanks to this the structure of di-O,O-TMS-acetaminophen was proven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Caban
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A new approach for the extraction of tetracyclines from soil matrices: application of the microwave-extraction technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1697-1707. [PMID: 29350257 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of tetracyclines (TCs) in animal husbandry is associated with their constant penetration into the environment and the threat they might pose to living organisms. While the literature data on the analysis of these substances in such matrices as food, tissues, or wastewater are quite extensive, there are still only a few methods presented for the determination of these compounds in soil samples. Moreover, among the literature methods for the extraction of TCs from soil samples, microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MAE) was used only once and in combination with liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (LC-UV). However, according to the EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, the use of LC-UV for the determination of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, in environmental samples is not sufficient. Therefore, the development and application of a sensitive and selective method using the MAE-SPE-LC-MS/MS(MRM) technique for the isolation and identification of a mixture of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) in soils is presented in our study. The credibility of this method has been confirmed with good parameters of validation. The optimal extraction conditions of three TCs using MAE techniques were to conduct double extraction for 10 min each, at 60 °C, using a mixture of ACN:McIlvaine buffer:0.1 M EDTA (2:1:1, v/v/v) and an additional cleaning of the extracts by SPE. The effectiveness of the extraction of these compounds was assessed based on two different ways (absolute recovery from 46 to 65.1% and relative recovery from 101.1 to 109.5%). Finally, the validated MAE-SPE-LC-MS/MS(MRM) method was used for the analysis of six samples from agricultural areas of northern Poland. OTC and TC, at concentrations of 11.7 and 14.5 μg kg-1 were determined in two different samples. An assessment of risk quotients was also performed. The presented method was proven to be a useful tool in the analysis of residues of selected TCs in the soil ecosystem. Obtained data on the presence of these drugs in Polish soils is the first report for this country.
Collapse
|
38
|
Tran NH, Gin KYH. Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products, and endocrine disrupters in a full-scale water reclamation plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1503-1516. [PMID: 28531959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study provided the first comprehensive data on the occurrence and removal of twenty-five target emerging contaminants (ECs) in a full-scale water reclamation plant (WRP) in the Southeast Asian region. Nineteen out of the twenty-five ECs were ubiquitously detected in raw influent samples. Concentrations of the detected ECs in raw influent samples ranged substantially from 44.3 to 124,966ng/L, depending upon the compound and sampling date. The elimination of ECs in full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems at a local WRP was evaluated and compared. Several ECs, such as acetaminophen, atenolol, fenoprofen, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and oxybenzone, exhibited excellent removal efficiencies (>90%) in biological wastewater treatment processes, while some of the investigated compounds (carbamazepine, crotamiton, diclofenac, and iopamidol) appeared to be persistent in the both CAS and MBR systems. Field-based monitoring results showed that MBR outperformed CAS in the elimination of most target ECs. The relationship between molecular characteristics of ECs (i.e. physicochemical properties and structural features) and their removal efficiencies during biological wastewater treatment was also elucidated. Excellent removal efficiencies (>90%) were often noted for ECs with the sole presence of electron donating groups (i.e. phenolic [OH], amine [NH2], methoxy [OCH3], phenoxy [OC6H5], or alkyl groups). Conversely, ECs with the absence of electron donating groups or the predominance of strong electron withdrawing groups (e.g. halogenated, carbonyl, carboxyl, and sulfonamide) tended to show poor removal efficiencies (<30%) in biological wastewater treatment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building, #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building, #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Łukaszewicz P, Kumirska J, Białk-Bielińska A, Dołżonek J, Stepnowski P. Assessment of soils contamination with veterinary antibiotic residues in Northern Poland using developed MAE-SPE-LC/MS/MS methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21233-21247. [PMID: 28735472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the wide range of compounds reaching the soil are the veterinary antimicrobials. Since no regulations regarding acceptable levels of drug concentrations in the environment exist, monitoring tests, particularly concerning soils, are carried out very rarely. This study presents a preliminary assessment of the contamination of agricultural soils in Northern Poland with seven antimicrobial veterinary medicines which has never been carried out before. Veterinary drugs were detected in 54% of the examined soil samples; the most commonly detected drugs were sulfonamides and trimethoprim. The highest indicated concentrations refer to enrofloxacin (57.0 μg kg-1) and trimethoprim (47.8 μg kg-1). The presence of these target drugs in the soil environment confirms the need for further monitoring studies. The analytical methods developed in this study are an excellent tool to achieve this goal and allow an estimation of the risk connected with the presence of veterinary antimicrobials in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cristea C, Tertis M, Galatus R. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Antibiotics Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E119. [PMID: 28538684 PMCID: PMC5485766 DOI: 10.3390/nano7060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Widespread use of antibiotics has led to pollution of waterways, potentially creating resistance among freshwater bacterial communities. Microorganisms resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics (superbug) have dramatically increased over the last decades. The presence of antibiotics in waters, in food and beverages in both their un-metabolized and metabolized forms are of interest for humans. This is due to daily exposure in small quantities, that, when accumulated, could lead to development of drug resistance to antibiotics, or multiply the risk of allergic reaction. Conventional analytical methods used to quantify antibiotics are relatively expensive and generally require long analysis time associated with the difficulties to perform field analyses. In this context, electrochemical and optical based sensing devices are of interest, offering great potentials for a broad range of analytical applications. This review will focus on the application of magnetic nanoparticles in the design of different analytical methods, mainly sensors, used for the detection of antibiotics in different matrices (human fluids, the environmental, food and beverages samples).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cristea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ramona Galatus
- Basis of Electronics Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Information Technology, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului St., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Molina-Fernandez N, Perez-Conde C, Rainieri S, Sanz-Landaluze J. Method for quantifying NSAIDs and clofibric acid in aqueous samples, lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) roe, and zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos and evaluation of their bioconcentration in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10907-10918. [PMID: 27164891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and lipid regulators are being repeatedly detected at low concentrations (pg · mL-1-ng · mL-1) in the environment. A large fraction of these compounds are ionizable. Ionized compounds show different physico-chemical properties and environmental behavior in comparison to their neutral analogs; as a consequence, the quantification methods currently available, based on the neutral molecules, might not be suitable to detect the corresponding ionized compounds. To overcome this problem, we developed a specific analytical method to quantify NSAIDs and lipid regulators (i.e., ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and clofibric acid) and their ionized compounds. This method is based on three steps: (1) the extraction of the organic compounds with an organic solvent assisted with an ultrasonic probe, (2) the cleaning of the extracts with a dispersive SPE with C18, and (3) the determination of the chemical compounds by GC-MS (prior derivatization of the analytes). We demonstrated that the proposed method can successfully quantify the pharmaceuticals and their ionized compounds in aqueous samples, lumpfish eggs, and zebrafish eleutheroembryos. Additionally, it allows the extraction and the cleanup of extracts from small samples (0.010 g of wet weight in pools of 20 larvae) and complex matrixes (due to high lipid content) and can be used as a basis for bioaccumulation assays performed with zebrafish eleutheroembryos in alternative to OECD test 305.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Molina-Fernandez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Perez-Conde
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rainieri
- Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gumbi BP, Moodley B, Birungi G, Ndungu PG. Detection and quantification of acidic drug residues in South African surface water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1042-1050. [PMID: 27814951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A method was optimized for derivatization, separation, detection and quantification of salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, nalidixic acid, ibuprofen, phenacetin, naproxen, ketoprofen, meclofenamic acid and diclofenac in surface water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For most of the acidic drugs, recovery was in the range 60-110% and the percent standard deviation was below 15% for the entire method, with limits of detection ranging from 0.041 to 1.614 μg L-1. The developed method was applied in the analysis of acidic drugs in Umgeni River system, KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. All of the selected acidic drugs were detected and quantified, their concentration in Umgeni River system ranged from 0.0200 to 68.14 μg L-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhekumuzi P Gumbi
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Chemistry and Physics, Private Bag x 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Brenda Moodley
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Chemistry and Physics, Private Bag x 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Grace Birungi
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Patrick G Ndungu
- University of Johannesburg, Department of Applied Chemistry, Doornfotein, Private Bag 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Baranowska I, Buszewski B, Namieśnik J, Konieczka P, Magiera S, Polkowska-Motrenko H, Kościelniak P, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Woźniakiewicz A, Samczyński Z, Kochańska K, Rutkowska M. Development of potential candidate reference materials for drugs in bottom sediment, cod and herring tissues. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:181-187. [PMID: 27883912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular use of a reference material and participation in a proficiency testing program can improve the reliability of analytical data. This paper presents the preparation of candidate reference materials for the drugs metoprolol, propranolol, carbamazepine, naproxen, and acenocoumarol in freshwater bottom sediment and cod and herring tissues. These reference materials are not available commercially. Drugs (between 7 ng/g and 32 ng/g) were added to the samples, and the spiked samples were freeze-dried, pulverized, sieved, homogenized, bottled, and sterilized by γ-irradiation to prepare the candidate materials. Procedures for extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were developed to determine the drugs of interest in the studied material. Each target drug was quantified using two analytical procedures, and the results obtained from these two procedures were in good agreement with each other. Stability and homogeneity assessments were performed, and the relative uncertainties due to instability (for an expiration date of 12 months) and inhomogeneity were 10-25% and 4.0-6.8%, respectively. These procedures will be useful in the future production of reference materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Magiera
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ingardena Str. 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Aneta Woźniakiewicz
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ingardena Str. 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Samczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Kochańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fang TY, Praveena SM, deBurbure C, Aris AZ, Ismail SNS, Rasdi I. Analytical techniques for steroid estrogens in water samples - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:358-368. [PMID: 27665296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental concerns over ultra-trace levels of steroid estrogens concentrations in water samples have increased because of their adverse effects on human and animal life. Special attention to the analytical techniques used to quantify steroid estrogens in water samples is therefore increasingly important. The objective of this review was to present an overview of both instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques available for the determination of steroid estrogens in water samples, evidencing their respective potential advantages and limitations using the Need, Approach, Benefit, and Competition (NABC) approach. The analytical techniques highlighted in this review were instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques namely gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), radio immuno assay (RIA), yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay, and human breast cancer cell line proliferation (E-screen) assay. The complexity of water samples and their low estrogenic concentrations necessitates the use of highly sensitive instrumental analytical techniques (GC-MS and LC-MS) and non-instrumental analytical techniques (ELISA, RIA, YES assay and E-screen assay) to quantify steroid estrogens. Both instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques have their own advantages and limitations. However, the non-instrumental ELISA analytical techniques, thanks to its lower detection limit and simplicity, its rapidity and cost-effectiveness, currently appears to be the most reliable for determining steroid estrogens in water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yien Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Claire deBurbure
- Université 1B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Irniza Rasdi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Loos G, Van Schepdael A, Cabooter D. Quantitative mass spectrometry methods for pharmaceutical analysis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150366. [PMID: 27644982 PMCID: PMC5031633 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative pharmaceutical analysis is nowadays frequently executed using mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization coupled to a (hybrid) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is generally used in combination with solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Furthermore, isotopically labelled standards are often used to correct for ion suppression. The challenges in producing sensitive but reliable quantitative data depend on the instrumentation, sample preparation and hyphenated techniques. In this contribution, different approaches to enhance the ionization efficiencies using modified source geometries and improved ion guidance are provided. Furthermore, possibilities to minimize, assess and correct for matrix interferences caused by co-eluting substances are described. With the focus on pharmaceuticals in the environment and bioanalysis, different separation techniques, trends in liquid chromatography and sample preparation methods to minimize matrix effects and increase sensitivity are discussed. Although highly sensitive methods are generally aimed for to provide automated multi-residue analysis, (less sensitive) miniaturized set-ups have a great potential due to their ability for in-field usage.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Loos
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Occurrence, fate and removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharging in the coastal environment of Algiers. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
47
|
Park SY, Myung SW. Simultaneous Determination of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Aqueous Samples Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and HPLC Analysis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Park
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; Suwon 443-760 Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Myung
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; Suwon 443-760 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Corrotea Y, Aguilera N, Honda L, Richter P. Determination of Hormones in Wastewater Using Rotating Disk Sorptive Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1098653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
49
|
Liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry with immunoaffinity clean-up for the determination of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha in wastewater. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1409:146-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
50
|
Gruzdev IV, Zenkevich IG, Kondratenok BM. Derivatization in gas chromatographic determination of phenol and aniline traces in aqueous media. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|