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Chaos Z, Fernández JA, Balseiro-Romero M, Celeiro M, García-Jares C, Méndez A, Pérez-Alonso P, Estébanez B, Kaal J, Nierop KGJ, Aboal JR, Monterroso C. What potential do mosses have as biomonitors of POPs? A comparative study of hexachlorocyclohexane sorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173021. [PMID: 38740203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) pose a significant global threat to human health and the environment, and require continuous monitoring due to their ability to migrate long distances. Active biomonitoring using cloned mosses is an inexpensive but underexplored method to assess POPs, mainly due to the poor understanding of the loading mechanisms of these pollutants in mosses. In this work, Fontinalis antipyretica (aquatic moss) and Sphagnum palustre (terrestrial moss) were evaluated as potential biomonitors of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs: α-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH), crucial POPs. Moss clones, grown in photobioreactors and subsequently oven-dried, were used. Their lipid composition and distribution were characterized through molecular and histochemical studies. Adsorption experiments were carried out in the aqueous phase using the repeated additions method and in the gas phase using an active air sampling technique based on solid-phase extraction, a pioneering approach in moss research. F. antipyretica exhibited greater lipid content in the walls of most cells and higher adsorption capacity for all HCH isomers in both gaseous and liquid environments. These findings highlight the need for further investigation of POP loading mechanisms in mosses and open the door to explore other species based on their lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chaos
- CRETUS, Dept. Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - J A Fernández
- CRETUS, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Balseiro-Romero
- CRETUS, Dept. Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Celeiro
- CRETUS, Dept. Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C García-Jares
- CRETUS, Dept. Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Méndez
- CRETUS, Dept. Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Alonso
- CRETUS, Dept. Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B Estébanez
- Dept. Biología, Unidad de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Kaal
- Pyrolyscience, 15707 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K G J Nierop
- Geolab, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J R Aboal
- CRETUS, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Monterroso
- CRETUS, Dept. Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lin C, Li H, Pei Z, Li Y, Yang R, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Hexabromocyclododecanes in soils, plants, and sediments from Svalbard, Arctic: Levels, isomer profiles, chiral signatures, and potential sources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134512. [PMID: 38733783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence, stereoisomeric behavior, and potential sources of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in topsoil and terrestrial vegetation from Svalbard and ocean sediment samples from Kongsfjorden, an open fjord on the west coast of Spitsbergen. The mean levels of total concentrations (Σ3HBCDs) were comparable to those in other remote regions and were lower than those in source regions. Elevated proportions of α-HBCD with an average of 41% in the terrestrial samples and 25% in ocean sediments compared to those in commercial products (10-13% for α-HBCD) were observed, implying isomerization from γ- to α-HBCD in the Arctic environment. In addition, the extensive deviations of enantiomeric fractions (EFs) from the racemic values reflected the effect of biotransformation on HBCD accumulation. Linear correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and back-trajectory were combined to infer possible HBCD sources, and the results showed the important role of global production and long-range environmental transport (LRET) for the entry of HBCDs into the Arctic at an early stage. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report on the diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles of HBCDs in the Arctic terrestrial environment and sheds light on the transport pathways and environmental fate for more effective risk management related to HBCDs in remote regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Sanli GE, Tasdemir Y. Accumulations and temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in olive tree components. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2577-2594. [PMID: 34347211 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ambient air samples, olive tree branches (1- and 2-year-old) and their leaves (particulate and dissolved phase) were collected simultaneously between January and December months at a suburban site of Bursa-Turkey. Total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations, sampled by employing passive air samplers, ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 ng/m3 in the atmosphere. The average annual total PCB concentrations belonging to the tree components were 1.14 ± 0.32 ng/g DM in dissolved phase in leaves, 0.71 ± 0.32 ng/g DM in particle phase on leaves, 1.06 ± 0.25 ng/g DM in 1-year-old branches, and 0.93 ± 0.23 ng/g DM in 2-year-old branches. It was determined that the correlation between PCB concentrations in olive tree components and the air was low. This result indicated that besides the tree-air exchange, other possible factors (such as soil-to-tree transitions, wind effect, etc.) affect the levels of PCB concentrations in the tree components. Total PCB concentrations decreased from summer to winter in all samples. The percentage ratio of PCB in the dissolved phase in the leaves was generally higher than other tree components in seasons. PCB homologous distributions indicated 5-CBs were dominant in the tree components and 3-CBs were dominant in the air samples. Highly chlorinated PCB congeners (8-CBs and 9-CBs) were found at low concentrations in both air and tree components samples. The samples indicated that the ratio of PCBs in tree components to the total (tree component+ambient air) PCBs slightly increased with increasing the chlorine number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Eker Sanli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yücel Tasdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey.
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4
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Sun H, Li Y, Wang P, Yang R, Pei Z, Zhang Q, Jiang G. First report on hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in terrestrial environment from the Arctic and Antarctica. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127644. [PMID: 34749998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants, which account for the world's largest biomass and constitute the basis of most food webs, take up, transform, and accumulate organic chemical contaminants from the ambient environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations and congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) in surface soil and vegetation samples collected from the Arctic (Svalbard) and Antarctica (King George Island) during the Chinese Scientific Research Expeditions. The concentrations of total PBDEs (∑PBDEs) in soil and vegetation samples collected from the Arctic (5.6-270 pg/g dry weight) were higher than those from Antarctica (2.3-33 pg/g dw), whereas the concentrations of ∑MeO-PBDEs and ∑OH-PBDEs were lower in Arctic terrestrial samples (n.d.-0.75 and 0.0008-1.1 ng/g dw, respectively) than in samples from Antarctica (0.007-4.0 and 0.034-25 ng/g dw, respectively). Long-range atmospheric transport and human activities were potential sources of PBDEs in polar regions, whereas the dominance of ortho-substituted MeO-PBDE and OH-PBDE congeners in terrestrial matrices indicated the importance of natural sources. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report on the levels and behaviors of MeO-PBDEs and OH-PBDEs in terrestrial environment of polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Zhu M, Yuan Y, Yin H, Guo Z, Wei X, Qi X, Liu H, Dang Z. Environmental contamination and human exposure of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in China: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150270. [PMID: 34536863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), together with 11 other organic compounds, were initially listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention because of their potential threat to ecosystems and humans. In China, many monitoring studies have been undertaken to reveal the level of PCBs in environment since 2005 due to the introduced stricter environmental regulations. However, there are still significant gaps in understanding the overall spatial and temporal distributions of PCBs in China. This review systematically discusses the occurrence and distribution of PCBs in environmental matrices, organisms, and humans in China. Results showed that PCB contamination in northern and southern China was not significantly different, but the PCB levels in East China were commonly higher than those in West China, which might have been due to the widespread consumption of PCBs and intensive human activities in East China. Serious PCB contamination was found in e-waste disassembling areas (e.g., Taizhou of Zhejiang Province and Qingyuan and Guiyu of Guangdong Province). Higher PCB concentrations were also chronicled in megalopolises and industrial clusters. The unintentionally produced PCBs (UP-PCBs) formed during industrial thermal processes may play an increasingly significant role in PCB pollution in China. Low PCB levels were recorded in rural and underdeveloped districts, particularly in remote and high-altitude localities such as the Tibetan Plateau and the South China Sea. However, these data are limited. Human exposure to PCBs is closely related to the characteristics of environmental pollution. This review also discusses existing issues and future research prospects on PCBs in China. For instance, the accumulation characteristics and migration regularities of PCBs in food webs should be further studied. More investigations should be undertaken to assess the quantitative relationship between external and internal exposure to PCBs. For example, bioaccessibility and bioavailability studies should be supplemented to evaluate human health risks more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yibo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhanyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xipeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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6
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Xian H, Hao Y, Lv J, Wang C, Zuo P, Pei Z, Li Y, Yang R, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in soil and moss in Mt. Shergyla, southeast Tibetan Plateau: Occurrence, distribution and influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118252. [PMID: 34597735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on the environmental fate and behavior of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) remains limited, especially in the remote alpine regions. In this study, the concentrations and distributions of NBFRs were investigated in soils and mosses collected from two slopes of Shergyla in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), to unravel the environmental behaviors of NBFRs in this background area. The total NBFR concentrations (∑7NBFRs) ranged from 34.2 to 879 pg/g dw in soil and from 72.8 to 2505 pg/g dw in moss. ∑7NBFRs in soil samples collected in 2019 were significantly higher than those in 2012 (p < 0.05). Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the predominant NBFR, accounting for 90% of ∑7NBFRs on average. The ratio of the concentrations in moss and soil showed significantly positive correlations with LogKOA except for DBDPE (p < 0.05), indicating that the role of mosses as accumulators compared to soils are more pronounced for more volatile NBFRs. In addition, the concentrations of NBFRs generally decreased with increasing altitude on the south-facing slope, whereas on the north-facing slope some NBFRs exhibited different trends, suggesting concurrent local and long-range transport sources. Normalization based on total organic carbon/lipid concentrations strengthened the correlation with altitude, implying that the altitude gradient of the mountain slope and forest cover could jointly affect the distribution of NBFRs in the TP. Furthermore, principal components analysis (PCA) with multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) showed that the average contribution of the mountain cold trapping effect (MCTE) accounted for the major (77%) contribution and forest filter effect (FFE) has only a modest contribution to the deposition of NBFRs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingya Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peijie Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Dron J, Ratier A, Austruy A, Revenko G, Chaspoul F, Wafo E. Effects of meteorological conditions and topography on the bioaccumulation of PAHs and metal elements by native lichen (Xanthoria parietina). J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:193-205. [PMID: 34607668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of PAHs and metal elements in the indigenous lichens Xanthoria parietina was monitored during two years at a quarterly frequency, in 3 sites of contrasted anthropic influence. The impact of the meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed) was first estimated through principal component analysis, and then by stepwise multilinear regressions to include wind directions. The pollutants levels reflected the proximity of atmospheric emissions, in particular from a large industrial harbor. High humidity and mild temperatures, and in a lower extent low wind speed and rainfall, also favored higher concentration levels. The contributions of these meteorological aspects became minor when including wind direction, especially when approaching major emission sources. The bioaccumulation integration time towards meteorological variations was on a seasonal basis (1-2 months) but the wind direction and thus local emissions also relied on a longer time scale (12 months). This showed that the contribution of meteorological conditions may be prevalent in remote places, while secondary in polluted areas, and should be definitely taken into account regarding long-term lichen biomonitoring and inter-annual comparisons. In the same time, a quadruple sampling in each site revealed a high homogeneity among supporting tree species and topography. The resulting uncertainty, including sampling, preparation and analysis was below 30% when comfortable analytical conditions were achieved. Finally, the occurrence of unexpected events such as a major forest fire, permitted to evaluate that this type of short, although intense, events did not have a strong influence on PAH and metals bioaccumulation by lichen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dron
- Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Aude Ratier
- Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5558, LBBE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Annabelle Austruy
- Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Gautier Revenko
- Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Florence Chaspoul
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS UMR-7263, IRD-237, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Wafo
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM U-1261, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
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Lin L, Dong L, Wang Z, Li C, Liu M, Li Q, Crittenden JC. Hydrochemical composition, distribution, and sources of typical organic pollutants and metals in Lake Bangong Co, Tibet. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9877-9888. [PMID: 33155115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lake Bangong Co is a special lake in western Tibet, with characteristics of increased salinity from the eastern area to the western area. Due to its remote location and poor environmental conditions, there are few background data on the water environment of this lake. In this study, the water chemical composition of Lake Bangong Co was studied, and the concentration levels, distribution characteristics, and pollution sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and metals (As, Pb, Cr, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn) were investigated. The hydrochemical characteristics of the lake showed significant spatial differences. Conductivity, salinity, degree of mineralization, total hardness, Cl-, and SO42- generally increased from the eastern part to the western part. Most water quality parameters met the class III standards of the Chinese surface water standards; however, the Cl- and SO42- concentrations in the western part exceeded the surface water standard limits. ΣPAH and ΣPAE concentrations in lake water have no significant relationship with hydrochemical parameters. Among the 16 target PAHs, 4 PAH monomers with a (5 + 6)-ring were not detected in the lake water. The main sources of PAHs included emissions from biomass combustion, petroleum volatilization, and automobile exhaust. Six PAE monomers were detected at all sampling sites with relatively low concentrations, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were the main pollutants. The main source of PAEs was domestic waste, which might be related to increasing human activities in this area recently. In general, the concentrations of metals in the water of Lake Bangong Co were lower than those in the regions affected by anthropogenic activities except As. The results of PCA showed that As, Cu, and Cr mainly originated from natural sources; Pb, Mn, and Cr came from both natural and anthropogenic sources; and Cd was highly likely from anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Dong
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Li H, Bu D, Gao Y, Zhu N, Wu J, Chen X, Fu J, Wang Y, Zhang A, Jiang G. Long-range atmospheric transport and alpine condensation of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:275-280. [PMID: 33183706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pristine alpine regions are ideal regions for investigating the long-range atmospheric transport and cold trapping effects of short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The concentrations and alpine condensation of SCCPs were investigated in lichen samples collected from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The concentrations of SCCPs ranged from 3098 to 6999 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and appeared to have an increasing trend with altitude. For congeners, C10 dominated among all the congener groups. The different environmental behavior for different congener groups was closely related to their octanol-air partition coefficient (Koa). C10 congeners showed an increasing trend with altitude, whereas C13 congeners were negatively correlated with altitude. Volumetric bioconcentration factors (BCF) of SCCPs reached 8.71 in lichens, which were higher than other semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). These results suggested that SCCPs were prone to accumulate in the lichen from the air and provided evidence for the role of lichens as a suitable atmospheric indicator in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Li
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytic Instrument, Jinan 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Duo Bu
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nali Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytic Instrument, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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10
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Mendaš G, Herceg Romanić S, Jovanović G, Aničić Urošević M, Ilić M, Milićević T, Popović A. Organochlorines burden in moss H. cupressiforme and topsoil across Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:273-283. [PMID: 32892288 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following up-to-date initiatives of the Stockholm Convention, its global monitoring plan, and the International Cooperative Programme on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation 2015) under the convention on long-range transboundary air pollution, this study examined 17 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and seven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. and topsoil sampled across Serbia. In the topsoil, OCPs ranged from 0.0158 to 9.6804 ng g-1 while concentrations of individual PCB congeners were in the range between 0.0185 and 0.3107 ng g-1. The levels of OCPs and PCBs in the moss H. cupressiforme ranged from 2.7785 to 23.9501 ng g-1, and from 0.4325 to 15.8013 ng g-1, respectively. POP relationships between topsoil and moss investigated by fugacity model equations indicated that the moss POP enrichment was a result of atmospheric long-range transport rather than secondary reemissions from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Mendaš
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Herceg Romanić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Jovanović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia.
- Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Miloš Ilić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Tijana Milićević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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11
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Castellani F, Massimi L, Vitali M, Canepari S, Guidotti M, Conti ME, Protano C. High spatial resolution analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using transplanted lichen Evernia prunastri: A case study in central Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140590. [PMID: 32629268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of transplanted lichen Evernia (E.) prunastri (L.) to act as a high spatial biomonitoring tool for 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was evaluated at 23 monitoring sites in a very polluted area in central Italy. The selected area is characterized by the presence of numerous emission sources, such as waste-to-energy plant, steel plant, vehicular traffic, and domestic heating. Transplanted E. prunastri proved to be a useful tool to biomonitor PBDEs, due to its ability to bioaccumulate individual congeners in varying concentrations in relation to the strength of the emission sources present over the territory. PBDEs levels widely ranged from 132 to 24,237 ng kg-1 dry weight, according to the sources of emission located around the monitoring sites. The highest concentrations were detected at the sites close to the municipal solid waste incinerator, steel plant, and high busy roads, confirming their important role as PBDEs emissions sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Castellani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Guidotti
- Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Sede di Rieti, via Salaria per l'Aquila 8, I-02100 Rieti, Italy.
| | - Marcelo Enrique Conti
- Department of Management, University of Rome La Sapienza, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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12
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Huang H, Li J, Zhang Y, Chen W, Ding Y, Chen W, Qi S. How persistent are POPs in remote areas? A case study of DDT degradation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114574. [PMID: 33618471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can undergo long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) and deposit in remote areas. How persistent are POPs in remote areas? To answer this question, we measured two parent-DDTs and eight metabolites in soil and air along a transect in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, to quantitatively evaluate the degree of degradation of DDTs. DDTs were ubiquitous in soil and air with the total DDT concentrations (Σ10DDTs) ranging 37.7-70,100 pg g-1 dw and 3.4-175 pg m-3, respectively. The air-soil equilibrium status indicated that the forest/basin soil was a source for most DDTs, while the plateau soil was a sink receiving DDTs from the LRAT and photodegradation in the air (for metabolites). The metabolites accounted for avg. 64.1% of Σ10DDTs in soil, with avg. 93.2% from local degradation, implying the overall high degradation of DDTs. With the significant degradation, the continuous input via LRAT was deemed to be the main reason for the stable level (persistence) of POPs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of source control for the risk management of POPs. POPs in the environment might decline rapidly due to a reduction in source input and significant degradation as indicated by our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, China Academic of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, China Academic of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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13
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Wu J, Gao W, Liang Y, Fu J, Shi J, Lu Y, Wang Y, Jiang G. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in multi-environmental matrices in the Tibetan Plateau environment of China: A regional scale study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105767. [PMID: 32361576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research on the environmental fate and behavior of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively), especially in high-altitude remote mountain areas, has rarely been conducted. In this study, the distribution and profiles of SCCPs and MCCPs in soils, barks, needles, lichens, and mosses in the Tibetan Plateau area were investigated during the period from 2010 to 2016. The total CP concentrations in soils, barks, needles, lichens, and mosses increased with increasing altitude from 1983 to 5147 m a.s.l. (above sea level), covering a range of 1843.5 km × 370.6 km. Generally, the mean SCCP levels were higher than mean MCCP levels in different environmental matrices. Moreover, as-obtained linear relationships between CP concentrations in different environmental matrices and altitudes (p < 0.05) indicated that the mountain cold-trapping could affect the presence and congener patterns of both SCCPs and MCCPs in the Tibetan Plateau environment. C10-11 and C14 congener groups were found to be the dominant groups in SCCPs and MCCPs in the environmental samples, respectively. Finally, the back-trajectory model was employed to reveal the differences of the potential sources in different regions of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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14
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Liu J, Lu G, Yang H, Dang T, Yan Z. Ecological impact assessment of 110 micropollutants in the Yarlung Tsangpo River on the Tibetan Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 262:110291. [PMID: 32094108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrences of 110 micropollutants in the surface waters and sediments collected at eight sampling sites along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River were investigated in winter. A total of 47 and 45 micropollutants were detected in at least one water or sediment sample, respectively, and their total concentrations reached 790.2 ng/L and 186.5 ng/g on a dry weight basis, respectively. Their composition profiles demonstrated that the majority of micropollutants were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and UV filters. The mixture risk quotient (MRQ) values of the detected micropollutants regularly exceeded 1 for aquatic organisms at all sampling sites, and fish and invertebrates are the more sensitive organisms. The diversity and evenness of the zooplankton levels had a clear negative correlation with the micropollutant occurrences in water. The top 10 mixture components belonging to the UV filter and PAH categories explained more than 80% and 95% of the mixture risk for chronic and acute toxicology, respectively. This study is the first investigation of the presence and risk assessment of 110 micropollutants in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin and offers new insights into the ecological security of the water resources of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
| | - Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Tianjian Dang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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15
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Luo Y, Sun J, Wang P, Li Y, Li H, Xiao K, Yang R, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Age dependence accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PAHs in needles with different forest types, southeast Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137176. [PMID: 32059305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in needle leaves with different ages were measured in three prevalent coniferous forests including spruce, fir and pinus in southeast Tibetan Plateau (TP) to investigate accumulation behavior of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during entire growth cycle of needles. The accumulation concentration of POPs was higher in pinus and fir needles than in spruce needles. Concentrations for most of OCPs significantly increased with needle ages, especially dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites showed more remarkable increasing trend than hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the three tree species. However, age dependence accumulation of PAHs was not observed in most cases, possibly due to its easier degradation property and the influence by dramatic change of ambient atmospheric concentration of PAHs. The lipid normalized concentrations in needles exhibited similar accumulation pattern with that of dry weight basis. The controlling factors for concentration variation in needles were identified using multiple linear regression. The suitability of these needle species acting as potential passive sampler for atmospheric POPs was evaluated. The different-age needles could reflect atmospheric OCP concentrations in the past long-term trend. Findings of this study provide guidance in use of needle as passive samples for the background monitoring of the atmospheric contamination at remote and poorly accessible locations such as the TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junya Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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16
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Shi J, Xiang L, Luan H, Wei Y, Ren H, Chen P. The health concern of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a notorious e-waste recycling site. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 186:109817. [PMID: 31634659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) remain a relatively high level in e-waste recycling regions 3 decades after ban on use. Illegal recycling activities cunningly moved under the environmental law enforcement. Here, we analyzed PCBs in soils and plants from Guiyu, China (one of the world's largest recycling areas) to understand the relationship between PCBs pollution and the transition of recycling activities (locations and techniques). High concentrations of PCBs were found in soil and plant samples from emerging recycling sites, up to 234 ng g-1 and 236 ng g-1 (dry weight), respectively. The recycling activities, specifically the open burning process, would obviously aggravate the PCB pollution levels in its environment. The calculated values of estimated daily intake and hazard ratios of PCBs in dietary routes showed that health risks should be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hemi Luan
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yanfu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Helong Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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17
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Omwoma S, Mbithi BM, Pandelova M, Ssebugere P, Lalah JO, Wang Y, Bi Y, Henkelmann B, Schramm KW. Comparative exposomics of persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, OCPs, MCCPs and SCCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lake Victoria (Africa) and Three Gorges Reservoir (China). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133789. [PMID: 31419683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposomics is assessment of organism exposure to high priority environmental pollutants in an ecosystem using OMIC technologies. A virtual organism (VO) is an artificial property-tool (OMIC) reflecting exposomic process in compartments of real organisms. The exposomics of aquatic organisms inhabiting Lake Victoria (L.V.) and Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) were compared using VOs. The two reservoirs are heavily depended on for food and water both in Africa and China. The target priority pollutants in the reservoirs were polyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), medium chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) and short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The VOs showed that in a period of 28 days, aquatic organisms in TGR were exposed to total (∑) PAHs of 8.71 × 10-6 mg/L, PCBs of 2.81 × 10-6 mg/L, OCPs of 2.80 × 10-6 mg/L, MCCPs of 8.9 × 10-10 mg/L and SCCPs of 1.13 × 10-7 mg/L. While in a period of 48 days, organisms in L. V. were exposed to total (∑) PAHs of 7.45 × 10-6 mg/L, PCBs of 4.70 × 10-6 mg/L, OCPs of 3.39 × 10-8 mg/L, MCCPs of 4.6 × 10-10 mg/L and SCCPs of 3.6 × 10-9 mg/L. The exposomic levels in TGR after 28 days were higher than those in Lake Victoria after 48 days. In both reservoirs, bioaccumulation levels are above set standards for aquatic organisms. The sources of the pollutants into the reservoirs were diagnostically determined to originate from anthropogenic processes such as petrogenic, diesel emissions, biomass burning, coal combustion, electronic wastes, traffic emissions and historic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Omwoma
- Department of Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.
| | | | - Marchela Pandelova
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala. Uganda
| | - Joseph O Lalah
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O.Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Bi
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany
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18
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Du B, Ge J, Yang R, Han X, Chen H, Li J, Zeng L. Altitude-dependent accumulation of short chain chlorinated paraffins in fish from alpine lakes and Lhasa river on the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:594-600. [PMID: 31026708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High mountain cold-trapping effects can play important roles in the global long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have recently been included into the Stockholm Convention as a new class of POPs. However, the long-range transport behavior and environmental fate of SCCPs still remain largely unknown in high-altitude mountain areas. In this study, a total of 51 fish samples were collected from five high-altitude mountain lakes and Lasha river across the Tibetan Plateau. SCCPs were positively detected in all fish samples, and the concentrations ranged from 3.9 to 107 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) with an average of 26.6 ng g-1 dw. Compared to aquatic organisms from the Artic and Antarctica, the SCCP levels found in alpine fish from the Tibetan Plateau were lower. A significant increasing trend in accumulation levels of SCCPs in alpine fish with the increasing altitude was found on the Tibetan Plateau (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). Shorter chain congener group C10 showed a significant increase in percentage contribution to total SCCPs with increasing altitude, but a contrary tendency was found for longer chain congener group C13. The widespread occurrence of SCCPs in Tibetan fish was mainly sourced from the long-range atmospheric transport, and the altitude-dependent distribution of SCCPs was due to the mountain cold-trapping effects and potential susceptibility to bioaccumulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the altitude-dependent accumulation of SCCPs in biota in the polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibai Du
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiali Ge
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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19
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Wang X, Wang C, Zhu T, Gong P, Fu J, Cong Z. Persistent organic pollutants in the polar regions and the Tibetan Plateau: A review of current knowledge and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:191-208. [PMID: 30784838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their low temperatures, the Arctic, Antarctic and Tibetan Plateau are known as the three polar regions of the Earth. As the most remote regions of the globe, the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in these polar regions arouses global concern. In this paper, we review the literatures on POPs involving these three polar regions. Overall, concentrations of POPs in the environment (air, water, soil and biota) have been extensively reported, with higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) detected on the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial distribution of POPs in air, water and soil in the three polar regions broadly reflects their distances away from source regions. Based on long-term data, decreasing trends have been observed for most "legacy POPs". Observations of transport processes of POPs among multiple media have also been carried out, including air-water gas exchange, air-soil gas exchange, emissions from melting glaciers, bioaccumulations along food chains, and exposure risks. The impact of climate change on these processes possibly enhances the re-emission processes of POPs out of water, soil and glaciers, and reduces the bioaccumulation of POPs in food chains. Global POPs transport model have shown the Arctic receives a relatively small fraction of POPs, but that climate change will likely increase the total mass of all compounds in this polar region. Considering the impact of climate change on POPs is still unclear, long-term monitoring data and global/regional models are required, especially in the Antarctic and on the Tibetan Plateau, and the fate of POPs in all three polar regions needs to be comprehensively studied and compared to yield a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the global cycling of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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20
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Al-Alam J, Chbani A, Faljoun Z, Millet M. The use of vegetation, bees, and snails as important tools for the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9391-9408. [PMID: 30715709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuous discharge of diverse chemical products in the environment is nowadays of great concern to the whole world as some of them persist in the environment leading to serious diseases. Several sampling techniques have been used for the characterization of this chemical pollution, although biomonitoring using natural samplers has recently become the technique of choice in this field due to its efficiency, specificity, and low cost. In fact, several living organisms known as biomonitors could accumulate the well-known persistent environmental pollutants allowing their monitoring in the environment. In this work, a review on environmental biomonitoring is presented. The main sampling techniques used for monitoring environmental pollutants are first reported, followed by an overview on well-known natural species used as passive samplers and known as biomonitors. These species include conifer needles, lichen, mosses, bees and their byproducts, and snails, and were widely used in recent research as reliable monitors for environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Al-Alam
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Asma Chbani
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Faljoun
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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21
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Wu X, Ding Y, Wang R, Rensing C, Li Y, Feng R. Differences in the uptake and bioconcentration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane by eight vegetable cultivars and their health risk assessments. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:596-604. [PMID: 30342404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is not easily degraded in soils, which will pose a threat to human health. We investigated the differences of eight vegetables' capacity to take up DDT, removing DDT from soil, and tolerating DDT (monitoring the responses of growth, root morphology and photosynthesis of vegetables to DDT). These vegetables included Chinese mustard (two genotypes, B.jf and B,jm), napa cabbage (two genotypes, B.coz and B.coc) and Bok choy (four genotypes, B.cz, B.cq, B.cs and B.chg). The results demonstrated that 5 mg kg-1 DDT did not display significant effects on the growth of most vegetables in this study. As compared to the control, 5 mg kg-1 DDT significantly increased the shoot and root biomass, the fine root numbers, and the fine root ratio for the genotype of B.chg. However, 5 mg kg-1 DDT exposure showed a negative effect on the shoot growth of two genotypes of napa cabbage. In general, 5 mg kg-1 DDT did not significantly affect the photosynthesis and root morphology of most vegetables in this study. Consuming these vegetables had a low non-cancer health risk, but showed a high cancer health risk. In addition, among the eight vegetables, B.chg accumulated less DDT in the edible parts and had low values of HRnon-cancer and HRcancer for consuming these vegetables containing DDT. Planting these vegetables might promote the degradation of DDT reducing its residual amount in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Wu
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yuanping Li
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Renwei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
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22
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Cabrerizo A, Muir DCG, De Silva AO, Wang X, Lamoureux SF, Lafrenière MJ. Legacy and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Terrestrial Compartments in the High Arctic: Sorption and Secondary Sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:14187-14197. [PMID: 30521332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and emerging perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in vegetation and soil samples collected at remote lakes in the Canadian High Arctic. Field studies were carried out in 2015 and 2016 to assess concentrations of POPs, study the relevant sorbing phases, and determine whether Arctic soils were sinks or sources of legacy POPs to the atmosphere and to neighboring lakes. The patterns of legacy POPs in vegetation and soils were dominated by low molecular weight PCB congeners along with OCPs, confirming the importance of long-range atmospheric transport. Lipid and non-lipid organic matter was a key determinant of legacy POPs in Arctic vegetation. Soil organic matter was the main descriptor of hydrophobic PCBs and OCPs in soils, while soil inorganic carbon content, was an important driver of the sorption of PFASs in soils. While contaminant concentrations were low in soil and vegetation, higher PCBs and PFOS organic and inorganic carbon-normalized concentrations were found at Resolute Lake indicating the presence of local sources of contamination. Comparison of fugacities of PCBs in soil and air from Resolute Lake indicated soils as net sources of PCBs to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cabrerizo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Aquatic Contaminant Research Division , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Aquatic Contaminant Research Division , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Aquatic Contaminant Research Division , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Xiaowa Wang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Aquatic Contaminant Research Division , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Scott F Lamoureux
- Department of Geography and Planning , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Melissa J Lafrenière
- Department of Geography and Planning , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
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23
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Okonski K, Melymuk L, Kohoutek J, Klánová J. Hexabromocyclododecane: concentrations and isomer profiles from sources to environmental sinks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36624-36635. [PMID: 30377961 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and isomer compositions of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were measured in six matrices in the Czech Republic (HBCD technical mixture; consumer products; indoor and outdoor air at industrial, urban and background locations; soils; and sediments) to provide insight into changes in concentrations and isomer profiles between environmental sources and environmental sinks. A distinct gradient of air concentrations was observed, from 1600 ng/m3 in the industrial area to < 10 pg/m3 in urban and background air. Isomer profiles also showed a distinct gradient in air, from 95% γ-HBCD in industrial air to 40% γ-HBCD in background air, suggesting the influence of differential atmospheric transport and phototransformation of γ- to α-HBCD. Concentrations and isomer compositions in consumer products were highly variable and indicated differences between products with intentional addition of HBCD as a flame retardant versus those with HBCD as an impurity, e.g., from recycled plastic. Understanding the isomer-specific environmental distributions and processes remains important for risk assessment and toxicology, considering the continued use of HBCD and the isomer-specific differences in uptake, metabolism, and toxicity, and further, demonstrates the utility of isomer profiles to better understand environmental processes of HBCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Okonski
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Dreyer A, Nickel S, Schröder W. (Persistent) Organic pollutants in Germany: results from a pilot study within the 2015 moss survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:43. [PMID: 30524917 PMCID: PMC6244560 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 1990, every 5 years, moss sampling is conducted within the European moss monitoring programme to assess the atmospheric deposition of airborne pollutants. Besides many other countries, Germany takes regularly part at these evaluations. Within the European moss monitoring 2015, more than 400 moss samples across Germany were taken according to a harmonized methodology for the assessment heavy metal and nitrogen input. In a pilot programme, eight of these sites were chosen for additional investigations on a broad range of organic contaminants to evaluate their accumulation in moss and thereby their presence in atmospheric deposition in Germany. Target compound classes comprised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PCDD/F), dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB, ndl-PCB), polyfluorinated alkyl substances, classical flame retardants as well as emerging chlorinated and brominated flame retardants. In total, 120 target compounds were analysed. For some analytes, comparisons of accumulation in moss and tree leave samples were possible. RESULTS Except for certain flame retardants, PFAS, and ndl-PCB, substances of all other compound classes could be quantified in moss samples of all sites. Concentrations were highest for PAH (40-268 ng g-1) followed by emerging flame retardants (0.5-7.7 ng g-1), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE; 0.3-3.7 ng g-1), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD; 0.3-1.2 ng g-1), dl-PCB (0.04-0.4 ng g-1) and PCDD/F (0.008-0.06 ng g-1). CONCLUSIONS Results show the widespread atmospheric distribution and deposition of organic contaminants across Germany as well as the suitability of moss as bioaccumulation monitor for most of these compound classes. Compared to nearby tree leaf samples, accumulation potential of moss appeared to be higher for pollutants of high octanol-air partition coefficient (KOA) and octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Dreyer
- Eurofins GfA GmbH, Air Monitoring, Stenzelring 14b, 21107 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickel
- University of Vechta, P.O.B. 1553, 49364 Vechta, Germany
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Domínguez-Morueco N, Carvalho M, Sierra J, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Ratola N, Nadal M. Multi-component determination of atmospheric semi-volatile organic compounds in soils and vegetation from Tarragona County, Catalonia, Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1138-1152. [PMID: 29727940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tarragona County (Spain) is home to the most important chemical/petrochemical industrial complex in Southern Europe, which raises concerns about the presence and effects of the numerous environmental contaminants. In order to assess the levels and patterns of five classes of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), synthetic musks (SMs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and one organochlorine pesticide, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 27 samples of soil and vegetation (Piptatherum L.) from different areas (petrochemical, chemical, urban/residential, and background) of Tarragona County were analysed. The results show that PAHs levels in soils ranged from 45.12 to 158.00ng/g and the urban areas presented the highest concentrations, mainly associated with the presence of a nearby highway and several roads with heavy traffic. PAHs levels in vegetation samples ranged from 42.13 to 80.08ng/g, where the greatest influence came from the urban and petrochemical areas. In the case of SMs, levels in soils and vegetation samples ranged from 5.42 to 10.04ng/g and from 4.08 to 17.94ng/g, respectively, and in both cases, background areas (at least 30km away from the main SVOCs emission sources) showed the highest levels, suggesting an influence of the personal care products derived from beach-related tourism in the coast. PCBs (from 6.62 to 14.07ng/g in soils; from 0.52 to 4.41ng/g in vegetation) prevailed in the chemical area in both matrices, probably associated with the presence of two sub-electrical stations located in the vicinities. In general terms, BFRs and HCB values recorded in soil and vegetation samples were quite similar between matrices and sampling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Domínguez-Morueco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariana Carvalho
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Luis Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nuno Ratola
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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26
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Zhou R, Yang R, Jing C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and lichen from the western Tibetan Plateau: Concentration profiles, distribution and its influencing factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 152:151-158. [PMID: 29331219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a huge area and rarely affected by human activity, and is regarded as one of the most remote regions on the earth. Many studies about the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were conducted in southern and central TP. However, there are very limited studies focused on PAHs in the western TP and the concentrations profiles, distribution and its controlling factors in this area remains unclear. Thus, to explore this knowledge gap, 37 surface soil samples and 23 lichen samples were collected and analyzed for PAHs. The total concentration of 16 US EPA's priority PAHs (∑16PAHs) in western TP ranges 14.4-59.5ng/g and 38.0-133ng/g dry weight (dw) with a mean value of 30.8 and 84.6ng/g dw in soil and lichen, respectively, which is lower than the concentrations in most remote areas worldwide. In the western TP, low molecular weight PAHs (2-3 rings) are dominant (occupied 77.4% and 87.9% on average in soil and lichen, respectively), implying a significant contribution of LRAT in this area. The significant linear correlations (R2 = 0.372-0.627, p < 0.05) between longitude and soil concentration suggest a strong impact of the westerly wind on the distribution of PAHs in soil. In addition, the concentration ratio of lichen/soil (L/S) was found to linearly increase with the increasing log KOA of individual PAH, suggesting lichen has a strong ability in filtering more lipophilic airborne pollutants in western TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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27
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Kim JT, Choi YJ, Barghi M, Yoon YJ, Kim JH, Kim JH, Chang YS. Occurrence and distribution of old and new halogenated flame retardants in mosses and lichens from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:302-311. [PMID: 29294456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of old and new halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), and Dechlorane Plus (DPs) and related compounds (Dechloranes), were investigated in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica, employing mosses (Andreaea depressinervis and Sanionia uncinata) and lichens (Himantormia lugubris and Usnea antarctica) as bioindicators. The levels of PBDEs, HBCDs, and Dechloranes ranged from 3.2 to 71.5, 0.63-960, and 2.04-2400 pg/g dw (dry weight) in the mosses, and from 1.5 to 188, 0.1-21.1, and 1.0-83.8 pg/g dw in the lichens, respectively. HFRs were detected in all of the collected samples, even in those from the remote regions. The dominance of high brominated-BDE, anti-DP fraction, and HBCD diastereomeric ratio in the samples from remote regions suggested the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of the HFRs. The relatively high HBCDs and Dechloranes contamination and their similar chemical profile with commercial products in the vicinity of Antarctic research stations indicated that human activities might act as local sources, while PBDEs appeared to be more influenced by LRAT and bioaccumulation rather than local emission. Lastly, the relatively high HFR levels and dominance of more brominated BDEs at the Narębski Point and in the wet lowlands suggested that penguin colonies and melting glacier water could be secondary HFR sources in Antarctica. The HFR levels differed by sample species, suggesting that further research on the factors associated with the HFR accumulation in the different species is necessary. This study firstly reports the alternative HFR levels in a wide area of the Antarctica, which could improve our understanding of the source, transport, and fate of the HFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tae Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Choi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandana Barghi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Yoon
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Ratier A, Dron J, Revenko G, Austruy A, Dauphin CE, Chaspoul F, Wafo E. Characterization of atmospheric emission sources in lichen from metal and organic contaminant patterns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8364-8376. [PMID: 29307061 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lichen samples from contrasted environments, influenced by various anthropic activities, were investigated focusing on the contaminant signatures according to the atmospheric exposure typologies. Most of the contaminant concentrations measured in the 27 lichen samples, collected around the industrial harbor of Fos-sur-Mer (France), were moderate in rural and urban environments, and reached extreme levels in industrial areas and neighboring cities (Al up to 6567 mg kg-1, Fe 42,398 mg kg-1, or ΣPAH 1417 μg kg-1 for example). At the same time, a strong heterogeneity was noticed in industrial samples while urban and rural ones were relatively homogeneous. Several metals could be associated to steel industry (Fe, Mn, Cd), road traffic, and agriculture (Sb, Cu, Sn), or to a distinct chemical installation (Mo). As well, PCDFs dominated in industrial samples while PCDDs prevailed in urban areas. The particularities observed supported the purpose of this work and discriminated the contributions of various atmospheric pollution emission sources in lichen samples. A statistical approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) was applied and resolved these potential singularities into specific component factors. Even if a certain degree of mixing of the factors is pointed out, relevant relationships were observed with several atmospheric emission sources. By this methodology, the contribution of industrial emissions to the atmospheric metal, PAH, PCB, and PCDD/F levels was roughly estimated to be 60.2%, before biomass burning (10.2%) and road traffic (3.8%). These results demonstrate that lichen biomonitoring offers an encouraging perspective of spatially resolved source apportionment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Ratier
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
- Irstea, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 avenue de la Doua-CS20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Julien Dron
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Gautier Revenko
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Annabelle Austruy
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Charles-Enzo Dauphin
- Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, 13270, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Florence Chaspoul
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Prévention des risques et Nuisances Technologiques, IMBE, UMR 7263 CNRS/IRD/Aix Marseille Université/Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Wafo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, IMBE UMR 7263 CNRS/IRD237-UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA1260/NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique-UMR 910 Génétique, Aix-Marseille Université/Université d'Avignon, Marseille, France
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Zhu S, Niu L, Aamir M, Zhou Y, Xu C, Liu W. Spatial and seasonal variations in air-soil exchange, enantiomeric signatures and associated health risks of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in a megacity Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:264-272. [PMID: 28477483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) have been historically applied in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China. Estimating the air-soil exchange of HCHs after >30years of restricted use is important for understanding their cycling in the environment. In this study, air and soil samples were concurrently collected in two seasons at agricultural and industrial sites from a megacity in the YRD region. The concentrations of HCH isomers and the enantiomeric fractions of chiral α-HCH were determined. The mean concentrations of ∑HCHs in soils from an agricultural area (AA) and an eco-industrial park (EIP) were 1.74ng/g and 0.652ng/g, respectively, in winter, and 0.723ng/g and 0.350ng/g, respectively, in summer. The mean concentrations of ∑HCHs in the air from the AA and the EIP were 31.2pg/m3 and 47.7pg/m3, respectively, in winter, and 45.0pg/m3 and 50.0pg/m3, respectively, in summer. The variations in spatial and seasonal distributions might be related to diverse geographical factors, soil properties and meteorological conditions. Source identification demonstrated that HCHs in most samples were residues from past use, which was further evidenced by the enantiomeric signatures of chiral α-HCH. A preferential degradation of (-)-α-HCH was showed in soils and summer air, while a preferential depletion of (+)-α-HCH was displayed in winter air. The values of the fugacity fraction (ff) of HCHs suggest a net volatilization from soils to air, but long-range transport may also partly contribute to the atmospheric HCHs according to the results from enantiomeric analysis. The human health risk assessments indicated an absence of noncarcinogenic risks and very low carcinogenic risks for HCHs in both soils and air to human health. Results from this study provide valuable data for assessing the fate and health risks of HCHs in the YRD region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lili Niu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wu J, Gao W, Liang Y, Fu J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Jiang G. Spatiotemporal Distribution and Alpine Behavior of Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Air at Shergyla Mountain and Lhasa on the Tibetan Plateau of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11136-11144. [PMID: 28898582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pristine high-altitude mountains are ideal areas for studying the potential mechanism behind the long-range transport and environmental behavior of persistent organic pollutants in remote areas. Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are the most complex halogenated contaminants in the environment, and have attracted extensive worldwide interest in recent years. In this study, the spatiotemporal concentrations and distributions of SCCPs in air collected from Shergyla Mountain (located in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau) and Lhasa were investigated during 2012-2015. Generally, the total SCCP levels at Shergyla Mountain and Lhasa were between 130 and 1300 pg/m3 and 1100-14440 pg/m3, respectively. C10 and C11 components were the most abundant homologue groups, indicating that lighter SCCP homologue groups are capable of relatively long-range atmospheric transport. Relatively high but insignificant atmospheric SCCP concentrations at Shergyla Mountain area and Lhasa were observed from 2013 to 2015 compared with 2012. At Shergyla Mountain, SCCP concentrations on the eastern and western slopes increased with altitude, implying that "mountain cold-trapping" might occur for SCCPs. A back-trajectory model showed that SCCP sources at Shergyla Mountain and Lhasa were primarily influenced by the tropical monsoon from Southwest and South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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Niu L, Xu C, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Zhu S, Liu W. Spatial distributions and enantiomeric signatures of DDT and its metabolites in tree bark from agricultural regions across China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:111-118. [PMID: 28582674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tree bark is considered as an effective passive sampler for estimating the atmospheric status of pollutants. In this study, we conducted a national scale tree bark sampling campaign across China. Concentration profiles revealed that Eastern China, especially the Jing-Jin-Ji region (including Hebei Province, Beijing and Tianjin) was a hot spot of bark DDT pollution. The enantioselective accumulation of o,p'-DDT was observed in most of the samples and 68% of them showed a preferential depletion of (+)-o,p'-DDT. These results suggest that DDTs in rural bark are likely from combined sources including historical technical DDTs and fresh dicofol usage. The tree bulk DDT levels were found to correlate with soil DDT concentrations, socioeconomy and PM2.5 of the sampling sites. It thus becomes evident that the reemission from soils and subsequent atmospheric deposition were the major pathways leading to the accumulation of DDTs in bark. Based on a previously established bark-air partitioning model, the concentrations of DDTs in the air were estimated from measured concentrations in tree bark, and the results were comparable to those obtained by the use of passive sampling with polyurethane foam (PUF) disks. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of delineating the spatial variations in atmospheric concentration and tracing sources of DDTs by integrating the use of tree bark with enantiomeric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Niu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Levy W, Pandelova M, Henkelmann B, Bernhöft S, Fischer N, Antritter F, Schramm KW. Persistent organic pollutants in shallow percolated water of the Alps Karst system (Zugspitze summit, Germany). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1269-1281. [PMID: 27913019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the German Calcareous Alps at the Zugspitze, percolated water close to a permafrost bedrock in a tunnel system was monitored long-term for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and 28 organochlorine pesticides (OCP). Semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMD) were deployed in a temporary surface water system at the Zugspitze plateau and analysed for PCB, PAH, and OCP. The high-volume water sampling was successfully implemented and all compounds were identified in the water percolated through the Karst system. However, the percentage distribution of contaminants in the percolated water differed significantly from that found in surface waters. The highest chlorinated PCDD homologues were the predominant compounds of the PCDD/F family, whereas percentages of PCB #52 increased in percolated water. Toxic equivalent values (TEQ) of samples ranged from 2.0 to 4.2pgTEQ/m3 and from 0.017 to 0.069pgTEQ/m3 for PCDD/F and PCB, respectively. Low and intermediate molecular weight PAH were the prevailing compounds in the samples. Endosulfan sulfate, endrin, and cis-heptachlor epoxide were enhanced after water percolation through the Karst system in comparison with the surface waters (wet deposition). The relative enrichment on these pesticides was related to the environmental bedrock conditions and glacier melting sources. In summary, the Karst system highly influenced the fate of organic persistent pollutants generating different chemical patterns in their percolated waters than those found at the surface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walkiria Levy
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marchela Pandelova
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Bernhöft
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Fischer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Antritter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany.
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Wang X, Gong P, Wang C, Ren J, Yao T. A review of current knowledge and future prospects regarding persistent organic pollutants over the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:139-154. [PMID: 27565527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the turn of the century, our understanding of the quantities, transport pathways, and fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the largest and highest plateau on Earth, has greatly enhanced. We begin in this article by reviewing the available literature on the levels of POPs over the TP. In general, the levels of most POPs are similar or lower than values reported for other background regions. However, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) levels in air and soil far exceed those measured in other mountainous areas. The East Asian monsoon, Indian Monsoon and westerly winds are responsible for the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) and arrival of POPs over the TP. Surface soil and vegetation act as "final sinks" for DDTs and other high molecular weight POPs. Linked to the continuous use of POPs in surrounding counties, LRAT and "cold trapping" by the TP can happen following emission-transport-deposition events, leading to the enrichment of POPs in the TP environment. Bioaccumulation of DDTs and high chlorinated PCBs have been found in Tibetan terrestrial and aquatic food chains, and newly emerging compounds such as polyfluoroalkyl substances and hexabromocyclododecanes have been widely detected in wild fish species. The corresponding ecological risks should be of great concern. Climate change, such as increased temperatures and changing coverage of snow and glaciers, has the potential to affect the behavior and distribution of POPs. Therefore, long-term monitoring data are required. Ineffective regulation regarding POPs has been reported for countries in South Asia, emissions patterns, the outflow of POPs, and their seasonal and inter-annual variability should therefore be clarified. Estimating the loading of POPs, as well as how they move, within the TP, especially under the impact of glacial melt and global warming, should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tandong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Wu J, Lu J, Luo Y, Duan D, Zhang Z, Wen X, Min X, Guo X, Boman BJ. An overview on the organic pollution around the Qinghai-Tibet plateau: The thought-provoking situation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:264-272. [PMID: 27692924 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau plays an important role in the ecological safety and human health of the surroundings due to its unique geographical position and function. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pollution status and potential risk in this area. This study summarizes the distribution of different organic pollutants in biota and environmental media of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Moreover, it also pays attention to the potential health risks of these organic pollutants. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were the most frequently detected in different matrices. In general, the carcinogenic risks of organic pollutants were ranked in the very-low to moderate range for both children and adults. The carcinogenic risks of organic pollutants in fish, food, and water for children were 1-2 times higher than those for adults, while risks of organic pollutants in soil/sediment and in air for children were generally 10.6-16.5 and 2.6-2.8 times higher than those for adults, respectively. The maximal hazard quotient for non-carcinogenic risk was 0.95 (potential risk for children posed by organic pollutants in yak milk of Ruoergai), almost reaching an unacceptable level. Therefore, the potential health risks could not be neglected, especially for children who were more likely to be affected by the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Duan
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wen
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Min
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Boman
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945-3138, USA
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Wu MH, Han T, Xu G, Zang C, Li YJ, Sun R, Xu BT, Sun Y, Chen FF, Tang L. Occurrence of Hexabromocyclododecane in soil and road dust from mixed-land-use areas of Shanghai, China, and its implications for human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:282-290. [PMID: 27065447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the occurrence of three Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) diastereoisomers in soil and road dust from the mixed-land-use areas in Shanghai was investigated. The total concentrations of HBCDDs (∑HBCDDs) in soil ranged from 0.30 to 249ngg(-1)dw, with a median level of 5.14ngg(-1)dw. For the road dust samples, the ΣHBCDD concentrations varied from 4.11 to 508ngg(-1)dw, with a median level of 23.4ngg(-1)dw. The levels of HBCDDs varied in different mixed-land-use areas. In soil, the levels of HBCDDs increased in the following sequence: residential area & agricultural area (R&A)<agricultural area & industrial area (A&I)<residential area & commercial area (R&C)<residential area & industrial area (R&I); the levels for the road dust were A&I<R&A<R&C<R&I. The proportions of α-HBCDD in road dust samples were significantly higher than those of α-HBCDD in the soil. For soil, the portion of α-HBCDD increased in the following sequence: R&I<A&I≈R&A<R&C, while that for the road dust was R&C<R&A<R&I<A&I. Significant correlations in the concentrations of HBCDDs between soil and road dust from R&C and R&I were found, which suggested that they may share similar sources in these regions. On the basis of the HBCDD concentrations of road dust and soil, the contributions of ingestion, dermal contact absorption and inhalation intake to total estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were estimated. The highest total EDIs of ∑HBCDDs (sum of ingestion, dermal contact absorption and inhalation intake) were 0.154, 7.5×10(-2)ngkg(-1)d(-1) for infants from road dust and soil in R&I, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hong Wu
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Chao Zang
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yi-Jie Li
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ben-Tuo Xu
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Fen-Fen Chen
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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