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Mu J, Ding S, Liu SM, Song G, Ning X, Zhang X, Xu W, Zhang H. Multiple isotopes decipher the nitrogen cycle in the cascade reservoirs and downstream in the middle and lower Yellow River: Insight for reservoir drainage period. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170625. [PMID: 38320705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Intensive anthropogenic activities, such as excessive nitrogen input and dam construction, have altered the nitrogen cycle in the global river system. However, the focus on the source, transformation and fate of nitrogen in the Yellow River is still scarce. In this study, the multiple isotopes (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ15N-NH4+ and δ15N-PN) were deciphered to explore the nitrogen cycling processes and the driving factors in the thermally stratified cascade reservoirs (Sanmenxia Reservoir: SMXR and Xiaolangdi Reservoir: XLDR) and Lower Yellow River (LYR) during the drainage period of the XLDR. In the SMXR, algal bloom triggered the assimilation process in the upper layer before the SMX Dam, followed by remineralization and subsequent nitrification processes in the lower water layers. The nitrification reaction in the XLDR progressively increased along both longitudinal and vertical directions to the lower layer of the XLD Dam, which was linked to the variation in the water residence time of riverine, transition and lentic zones. The robust nitrification rates in the lower layer of the lentic zone coincided with the substantial depletion of nitrate isotopic composition and enrichment of both δ15N-PN and δ15N-NH4+, indicating the longer water residence time not only promoted the growth of the nitrifying population but also facilitated the remineralization to enhance NH4+ availability. In the LYR, the slight nitrate assimilation, as indicated by nitrate isotopic composition and fractionation models, was the predominant nitrogen transformation process. The Bayesian isotope mixing model results showed that manure and sewage was the dominant nitrate source (50 %) in the middle and lower Yellow River. Notably, the in-reservoir nitrification was a significant nitrate source (27 %) in the XLDR and LYR. Our study deepens the understanding of anthropogenic activities impacting the nitrogen cycle in the river-reservoir system, providing valuable insight into water quality management and nitrogen cycle mechanisms in the Yellow River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Mu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Su Mei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Guodong Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ning
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Hermawan OR, Hosono T, Yasumoto J, Yasumoto K, Song KH, Maruyama R, Iijima M, Yasumoto-Hirose M, Takada R, Hijikawa K, Shinjo R. Mechanism of denitrification in subsurface-dammed Ryukyu limestone aquifer, southern Okinawa Island, Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169457. [PMID: 38135078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification crucially regulates the attenuation of groundwater nitrate and is unlikely to occur in a fast-flowing aquifer such as the Ryukyu limestone aquifer in southern Okinawa Island, Japan. However, evidences of denitrification have been observed in several wells within this region. This study analyzed environmental isotopes (δ15NNO3 and ẟ18ONO3) to derive the rationale for denitrification at this site. Additionally, the presence of two subsurface dams in the study area may influence the processes involved in nitrate attenuation. Herein, we analyzed 150 groundwater samples collected spatially and seasonally to characterize the variations in the groundwater chemistry and stable isotopes during denitrification. The values of δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 displayed a progressive trend up to +59.7 ‰ and + 21 ‰, respectively, whereas the concentrations of NO3--N decreased to 0.1 mg L-1. In several wells, the enrichment factors of δ15NNO3 ranged from -6.6 to -2.1, indicating rapid denitrification, and the δ15NNO3 to δ18ONO3 ratios varied from 1.3:1 to 2:1, confirming the occurrence of denitrification. Denitrification intensively proceeds under conditions of depleted dissolved oxygen concentrations (<2 mg L-1), sluggish groundwater flow with longer residence times, high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (>1.2 mg L-1), and low groundwater levels during the dry season with precipitation rates of <100 mm per month (Jun-Sep). SF6 analysis indicated the exclusive occurrence of denitrification in specific wells with groundwater residence times exceeding 30 years. These wells are located in close proximity to the major NE-SW fault system in the Komesu area, where the hydraulic gradient was below 0.005. Detailed geological and lithological investigations based on borehole data revealed that subsurface dams did not cause denitrification while the major NE-SW fault system uplifted the impermeable basement rock of the Shimajiri Group, creating a lithological gap at an equivalent depth that ultimately formed a sluggish groundwater area, promoting denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktanius Richard Hermawan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hosono
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Jun Yasumoto
- Department of Regional Agriculture Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ke-Han Song
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Rio Maruyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mariko Iijima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | | | - Ryogo Takada
- Center for Strategic Research Projects, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kento Hijikawa
- Department of Regional Agriculture Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Overseas Land Improvement Cooperation Office, Rural Development Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan, 1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-8950, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Shinjo
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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Sresung M, Paisantham P, Ruksakul P, Kongprajug A, Chyerochana N, Gallage TP, Srathongneam T, Rattanakul S, Maneein S, Surasen C, Passananon S, Mongkolsuk S, Sirikanchana K. Microbial source tracking using molecular and cultivable methods in a tropical mixed-use drinking water source to support water safety plans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162689. [PMID: 36898534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contamination deteriorates source water quality, posing a severe problem for drinking water suppliers worldwide and addressed by the Water Safety Plan framework to ensure high-quality and reliable drinking water. Microbial source tracking (MST) is used to examine different microbial pollution sources via host-specific intestinal markers for humans and different types of animals. However, the application of MST in tropical surface water catchments that provide raw water for drinking water supplies is limited. We analyzed a set of MST markers, namely, three cultivable bacteriophages and four molecular PCR and qPCR assays, together with 17 microbial and physicochemical parameters, to identify fecal pollution from general, human-, swine-, and cattle-specific sources. Seventy-two river water samples at six sampling sites were collected over 12 sampling events during wet and dry seasons. We found persistent fecal contamination via the general fecal marker GenBac3 (100 % detection; 2.10-5.42 log10 copies/100 mL), with humans (crAssphage; 74 % detection; 1.62-3.81 log10 copies/100 mL) and swine (Pig-2-Bac; 25 % detection; 1.92-2.91 log10 copies/100 mL). Higher contamination levels were observed during the wet season (p < 0.05). The conventional PCR screening used for the general and human markers showed 94.4 % and 69.8 % agreement with the respective qPCR results. Specifically, in the studied watershed, coliphage could be a screening parameter for the crAssphage marker (90.6 % and 73.7 % positive and negative predictive values; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.66; p < 0.001). The likelihood of detecting the crAssphage marker significantly increased when total and fecal coliforms exceeded 20,000 and 4000 MPN/100 mL, respectively, as Thailand Surface Water Quality Standards, with odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of 15.75 (4.43-55.98) and 5.65 (1.39-23.05). Our study confirms the potential benefits of incorporating MST monitoring into water safety plans, supporting the use of this approach to ensure high-quality drinking water supplies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montakarn Sresung
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Phongsawat Paisantham
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Pacharaporn Ruksakul
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Akechai Kongprajug
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Natcha Chyerochana
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tharindu Pollwatta Gallage
- Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thitima Srathongneam
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Surapong Rattanakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Siriwara Maneein
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Chatsinee Surasen
- Water Resources and Environment Department, Metropolitan Waterworks Authority, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Passananon
- Line of Deputy Governor (Water Production), Metropolitan Waterworks Authority, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Skorn Mongkolsuk
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanrawee Sirikanchana
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand.
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4
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Kim MS, Lim BR, Jeon P, Hong S, Jeon D, Park SY, Hong S, Yoo EJ, Kim HS, Shin S, Yoon JK. Innovative approach to reveal source contribution of dissolved organic matter in a complex river watershed using end-member mixing analysis based on spectroscopic proxies and multi-isotopes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119470. [PMID: 36621274 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river watersheds dynamically changes based on its source during a monsoon period with storm event. However, the variations in DOM in urban and rural river watersheds that are dominated by point and non-point sources have not been adequately explored to date. We developed an innovative approach to reveal DOM sources in complex river watershed systems during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) by combining multi-isotope values (δ13C-DOC, δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3) and spectroscopic indices (fluorescence index [FI], biological index [BIX], humification index [HIX], and specific UV absorbance [SUVA]). Several potential end-members of DOM sources were collected from watersheds, including top-soils, groundwater, plant group (fallen leaves, riparian plants, suspended algae), and different effluents (cattle and pig livestock, agricultural land, urban, industry facility, swine treatment facility and wastewater treatment facility). Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, NO3-N, and NH4-N increased during the monsoon period with an increase in the input of anthropogenic DOM, which have higher HIX values owing to the flushing effect. The results of EMMA indicate that soil and agricultural effluents accounted for a substantial contribution of anthropogenic DOM at varying rates based on seasons. We also found that results of EMMA based on combining spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC isotope values were more accurate in tracing DOM sources with respect to land-use characteristics compared to applying only spectroscopic indices. The positive relationship between FI, BIX and δ15N-NO3 were revealed that nitrate would be decomposed from DOM affected by intensive agricultural activities. In addition, consistent with the EMMA results, the molecular composition of the DOM was clearly evidenced by a large number of CHON formulas, accounting for over 50% of the total characterized compounds, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals used in agriculture farmland and livestock. Our results clearly demonstrated that EMMA based on combing multi-stable isotopes and spectroscopic indices could be trace the DOM source, which is important for understanding changes in the DOM quality, and application of nitrate isotopes and molecular analysis supports in-depth interpretation. This study provides easy and intuitive techniques for the estimation of the relative impacts of DOM sources in complex river watersheds, which can be verified in various ways rather than relying on a single technique approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea.
| | - Bo Ra Lim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Pilyong Jeon
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Okcheon-gun 29027, South Korea
| | - Seoyeon Hong
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Darae Jeon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Si Yeong Park
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sunhwa Hong
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Okcheon-gun 29027, South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoo
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sunkyoung Shin
- Fundamental Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ki Yoon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
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Liao R, Song P, Wang J, Hu J, Li Y, Li S. Development of water quality management strategies based on multi-scale field investigation of nitrogen distribution: a case study of Beiyun River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56511-56524. [PMID: 35338467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurately quantifying the distribution of nitrogen (N) contaminants in a river ecosystem is an essential prerequisite for developing scientific water quality management strategy. In this study, we have conducted a series of field investigations along the Beiyun River to collect samples from multiple scales, including surface water, riverbed sediments, vadose zone, and aquifer, for evaluating the spatial distribution of N; besides, column simulation experiments were carried out to characterize the transport behavior of N in riverbed sediments. The surface water of the Beiyun River was detected to be eutrophic because of its elevated total N concentration, which is 33 times of the threshold value causing the potential eutrophication. The hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (D) of riverbed sediments was estimated by CXTFIT 2.1, demonstrating that the D of upstream section was lower than that of midstream and downstream sections (Dupstream < Dmidstream < Ddownstream), with the estimated annual N leaching volume of 130,524, 241,776, and 269,808 L/(m2·a), respectively. The average total N concentration in vadose zone and aquifer of upstream Sect. (297.88 mg/kg) was obviously lower than that of midstream Sect. (402.62 mg/kg) and downstream Sect. (447.02 mg/kg). Based on multi-scale investigation data, subsequently, water quality management strategies have been achieved, that is, limiting the discharge of N from the midstream and downstream banks to the river and setting up the impermeable layer in the downstream reaches to reduce infiltration. The findings of this study are of great significance for the improvement of river environmental quality and river management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkuan Liao
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Song
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Water Environment Research Institute, Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited (BEWG), Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyun Hu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Cao M, Hu A, Gad M, Adyari B, Qin D, Zhang L, Sun Q, Yu CP. Domestic wastewater causes nitrate pollution in an agricultural watershed, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153680. [PMID: 35150684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive quantities of nitrates in the aquatic environment can cause eutrophication and raise water safety concerns. Therefore, identification of the sources of nitrate is crucial to mitigate nitrate pollution and for better management of the water resources. Here, the spatiotemporal variations and sources of nitrate were investigated by stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O), hydrogeochemical variables (e.g., NO3- and Cl-), and exogenous microbial signals (i.e., sediments, soils, domestic and swine sewage) in an agricultural watershed (Changle River watershed) in China. The concentration ranges of δ15N- and δ18O-NO3- between 3.03‰-18.97‰ and -1.55‰-16.47‰, respectively, suggested that soil nitrogen, chemical fertilizers, and manure and sewage (M&S) were the primary nitrate sources. Bayesian isotopic mixing model suggested that the major proportion of nitrate within the watershed (53.12 ± 10.40% and 63.81 ± 15.08%) and tributaries (64.43 ± 5.03% and 76.20 ± 4.34%) were contributed by M&S in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Community-based microbial source tracking (MST) showed that untreated and treated domestic wastewater was the major source (>70%) of river microbiota. Redundancy analysis with the incorporation of land use, hydrogeochemical variables, dual stable isotope, and exogenous microbial signals revealed domestic wastewater as the dominant cause of nitrate pollution. Altogether, this study not only identifies and quantifies the spatiotemporal variations in nitrate sources in the study area but also provides a new analytical framework by combining nitrate isotopic signatures and community-based MST approaches for source appointment of nitrate in other polluted watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Mahmoud Gad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Bob Adyari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lanping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Wang ZJ, Yue FJ, Lu J, Wang YC, Qin CQ, Ding H, Xue LL, Li SL. New insight into the response and transport of nitrate in karst groundwater to rainfall events. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151727. [PMID: 34800464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies focused on nitrate source, transformation and transport of river water in karst area have been reported, it's still unclear in understanding nitrate main source and transformation in karst groundwater system and how nitrate transport from soil to water during rainfall events in karst critical zone. In order to explore the response and transport of nitrate in karst groundwater to rainfall events, different depths of well water before, during and after rainfall event were sampled, and hillslope runoff, surface runoff of different land-use types during rainfall event were sampled synchronously at a typical karst agricultural catchment in Southwest China. Results showed that fluctuations of EC, pH and DO in deep borehole well (W1) and artesian well (W2) were small, on the contrary, variations of EC and DO in shallow well (W3) were large during sampling period. The nitrate concentrations and isotopic values indicated that nitrate in karst groundwater mainly originated from chemical fertilizer (CF), and influenced by denitrification process. High intensity of denitrification was observed in deep groundwater (87%) and artesian well water (almost 100%). Extremely high dual nitrate isotope values up to 46.8 ± 1.5‰ and 24.7 ± 0.5‰ were found in the deep artesian well. The small variation of water chemistry (EC, DO and pH), nitrate concentration and dual nitrate isotope values in deep wells during sampling period suggested that newly supplied nitrogen in deep groundwater during rainfall events also comes from deep groundwater. Low nitrogen concentrations in hillslope subsurface flow and surface runoff suggests that nitrogen transport process leading to increase of water nitrogen content mainly occur in depression. Nitrogen in depression soil is mainly transported to groundwater through fissures, fractures and conduits, rather than through vertical migration processes in the soil during rainfall events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jun Wang
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China; Technology R&D Center, Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc., Kunming 650000, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ji Lu
- Technology R&D Center, Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc., Kunming 650000, China
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China
| | - Cai-Qing Qin
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hu Ding
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li-Li Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Jiang H, Liu W, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu Z. Multiple Isotopes Reveal a Hydrology Dominated Control on the Nitrogen Cycling in the Nujiang River Basin, the Last Undammed Large River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4610-4619. [PMID: 35294176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is sensitive to climate change, but the feedbacks of nitrogen (N) cycling to climate conditions on this plateau are not well-understood, especially under varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbances. The Nujiang River Basin, the last undammed large river basin on the Tibetan Plateau, provides an opportunity to reveal the feedbacks at a broad river basin scale. The isotopic compositions revealed that the conservative mixing of multiple sources controlled the nitrate (NO3-) loadings during the low-flow season, while biological removal processes (assimilation and denitrification) occurred in the high-flow season. During the high-flow season, soil sources, sewage, and atmospheric precipitation contributed 76.3%, 15.6%, and 8.1% to the riverine NO3-. In the low-flow season, the contribution of soil sources decreased while that of sewage increased. The relationship between d-excess and δ15N-NO3- suggests that the hydrological conditions largely controlled the N cycling dynamics in the basin, causing the high spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the riverine NO3- sources and transformation mechanisms. During the high-flow season, the precipitation and evaporation patterns controlled the in-soil processes and soil leaching. In contrast, in-stream nitrification became more evident during the low-flow season, which was related to the long water residence time. This study illustrates hydrology dominated control on N cycling over a large basin scale, which has implications for understanding the N cycling dynamics in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanchuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Dong Y, Yang JL, Zhao XR, Yang SH, Mulder J, Dörsch P, Zhang GL. Nitrate runoff loss and source apportionment in a typical subtropical agricultural watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20186-20199. [PMID: 34725759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) loss and enrichment in water bodies caused by fertilization are a major environmental problem in agricultural areas. However, the quantitative contribution of different NO3- sources, especially chemical fertilizers (CF) and soil organic nitrogen (SON), to NO3- runoff loss remains unclear. In this study, a systematic investigation of NO3- runoff and its sources was conducted in a subtropical agricultural watershed located in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, China. A semi-monthly sampling was performed at the inlet and outlet from March 2018 to February 2019. Hydrochemical and dual NO3- isotope (15 N and 18O) approaches were combined to estimate the NO3- runoff loss and quantify the contribution of different sources with a Bayesian isotope mixing model. Source apportionment by Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) suggested that NO3- in runoff was mainly derived from nitrification of ammonium (NH4+) mineralized from SON (37-52%) and manure/sewage (M&S) (25-47%), while the contribution of CF was relatively small (14-25%). The contribution of various sources showed seasonal variations, with a greater contribution of CF in the wet growing season (March to August). Compared with the inlet which contributed 37-40% to runoff NO3-, SON contributed more at the outlet (49-52%). Denitrification in the runoff was small and appeared to be confined to the dry season (September to February), with an estimated NO3- loss of 2.73 kg N ha-1. The net NO3- runoff loss of the watershed was 34.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1, accounting for 15% of the annual fertilization rate (229 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Besides M&S (22%), fertilization and remineralization of SON (CF + SON) were the main sources for the NO3- runoff loss (78%), suggesting accelerated nitrification of NH4+ from CF (24%) and SON mineralization (54%). Our study indicates that NO3- runoff loss in subtropical agricultural watersheds is dominated by nonpoint source pollution from fertilization. SON played a more important role than CF. Besides, the contribution of sewage should not be neglected. Our data suggest that a combination of more rational fertilizer N application (CF), better management of SON, and better treatment of domestic sewage could alleviate NO3- pollution in subtropical China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Jin-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Peter Dörsch
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Nitrate sources and mixing in the Danube watershed: implications for transboundary river basin monitoring and management. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2150. [PMID: 35140301 PMCID: PMC8828721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersed and unknown pollution sources complicate water management in large transboundary watersheds. We applied stable isotopes of water and nitrate together with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs: carbamazepine, caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, perfluorooctanoic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenol) to evaluate mixing and inputs of water and contaminants from tributaries into the mainstem of the transboundary Danube River. Stable isotope (δ18O, δ2H) variations from low values (− 13.3 ‰, − 95.1 ‰) in the Upper Danube after the Inn River confluence to high values (− 9.9 ‰, − 69.7 ‰) at the Danube River mouth revealed snowmelt dominated tributary mixing (~ 70%) in the mainstem. Stable isotopes of nitrate (δ15N-NO3) in the Danube River varied from lower values (+ 6.7 ‰) in the Upper Danube to higher values after the mixing with Morava River (+ 10.5 ‰) and showed that cold snowmelt can reduce biological activity and controls nitrate biotransformation processes in the mainstem up to 1000 km downstream. Data on emerging contaminants affirmed the low biodegradation potential of organic compounds transferred into the mainstem by tributaries. We found pollutant source tracing in large rivers is complicated by mixing of multiple sources with overlapping isotopic signatures, but additional tracers such as CECs improve the interpretation of hydrological processes (e.g., water transit time) and support tracing of nitrate pollution sources, and biogeochemical processes. Our approach can be applied to other watersheds to improve the understanding of dilution and mixing processes. Moreover, it provides directions for improving national and transboundary water quality monitoring networks.
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Sun L, Liang X, Jin M, Zhang X. Sources and fate of excessive ammonium in the Quaternary sediments on the Dongting Plain, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150479. [PMID: 34583081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive ammonia-nitrogen (N) in aquifers has caused groundwater pollution on the Dongting Plain (DTP), which seriously threatens the safety of drinking water. It is urgent and necessary to determine the sources and enrichment mechanisms of ammonia-N in groundwater. Carrying out water and soil collaborative research on a three-dimensional scale can more comprehensively analyze the sources of N, including natural and anthropogenic sources. In this study, surface and groundwater quality characteristics were examined from a total of 77 sites on the DTP. Two subsequent boreholes were drilled in the high ammonia concentration area and normal groundwater area, respectively, to compare the effects of anthropogenic activities. Indicators from hydrogeochemical and pedogeochemical analyses, as well as various isotopes, including δ15N-NH4+, δ15N-TON, δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ18O-H2O, δD-H2O, and δ13C-TOC were used to identify ammonium sources and transformation mechanisms in the strata. We found that the sediments were contaminated by manure and sewage in the aquifers, and part of the shallow groundwater was additionally contaminated by nitrogen fertilizers. Excessive ammonium-N was also detected in the deep aquitards and sediments, which were mainly dominated by mineralization. Ammonia oxidation (with weak hydroxylamine oxidation) is an important biogeochemical process in which ammonia and nitrate do not accumulate in oxidizing groundwater environments. However, heterotrophic nitrification (HN) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) are the release mechanisms for excessive ammonium-N under reducing conditions. In addition, organic matter (OM) on the DTP had a wide range of biogeochemical proxies generated by phytoplankton within a lake, and the comparatively resilient terrestrial organic residues washed in from the surrounding terrestrial area. This study breaks through the conventional mechanisms for the release of excessive ammonium from sediments to aquifers, which provides new ideas for research on ammonium in sediments and ammonia in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Sun
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xing Liang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Menggui Jin
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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12
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Li Y, Li L, Sun W, Yin X. Nitrate sources and transformations along a mountain-to-plain gradient in the Taizi River basin in Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58284-58297. [PMID: 34115303 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-seven riverine samples in three typical regions, namely, upper mountainous (zone 1), middle hilly (zone 2), and lower plain (zone 3) regions, were collected in May (low flow) and August (high flow) of 2016, and chemical parameters and isotopes were analyzed to enrich the knowledge of riverine nitrate sources and transformations in the Taizi River basin. Results showed that NO3- concentrations in zone 3 were the highest, followed by zones 2 and 1. NO3-/Cl- molar ratios and nitrate dual isotopes indicated that NO3- was mainly from chemical fertilizer (CF) in zones 1 (57.0%) and 2 (43.1%) according to a Bayesian mixing model (SIAR) and mixed sources of CF, nitrification of soil organic nitrogen (SON), and manure and sewage (M&S) in zone 3 (92.8%), during the high-flow season. NO3- was mainly from CF and SON in zones 1 (76.7%) and 2 (74.0%), during the low-flow season. NO3-sources were different in the three rivers of zone 3 mainly due to various urban inputs. Contributions of CF, SON, and M&S increased by 13%, 8.3%, and 7.5% in zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively, from the low-flow to the high-flow season. NO3- in the Taizi River was mainly influenced by nitrification in soils, while no significant denitrification was found in the three zones. Measures for reducing NO3- inputs to rivers should be considered by improving effectively utilizing rate of chemical fertilizer and inhibit nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Linxia Li
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Monitoring Technology, Zhengzhou, 454000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China
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13
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Kolarević S, Micsinai A, Szántó-Egész R, Lukács A, Kračun-Kolarević M, Lundy L, Kirschner AKT, Farnleitner AH, Djukic A, Čolić J, Nenin T, Sunjog K, Paunović M. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Danube River in Serbia associated with the discharge of untreated wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146967. [PMID: 33865136 PMCID: PMC9754897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In Serbia less than 13% of collected municipal wastewaters is being treated before their release in the environment. This includes all municipal wastewater discharges from Belgrade (capital city of Serbia; population 1,700,000). Previous research has identified the impacts of raw wastewater discharges from Belgrade on the Danube River, and this study investigated if such discharges also provided a pathway for SARS-CoV-2 RNA material. Samples were collected during the most critical circumstances that occurred so far within the COVID-19 pandemics in Serbia. Grab and composite samples were collected in December 2020, during the peak of the third wave (in terms of reported cases) at the site which receives the wastewater loads in Belgrade. Grab samples collected upstream and downstream of Belgrade were also analyzed. RNA was quantified using RT-qPCR with primer sets targeting nucleocapsid (N1 and N2) and envelope (E) protein genes. SARS-CoV-2 RNA (5.97 × 103 to 1.32 × 104 copies/L) was detected only in samples collected at the site strongly impacted by the wastewaters where all three applied primer sets gave positive signals. Determined concentrations correspond to those reported in wastewater influents sampled at treatment plants in other countries indicating an epidemiological indicator function of used approach for rivers with high pollution loads in countries with poor wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Adrienn Micsinai
- WESSLING Hungary Ltd., H-1045 Budapest, Anonymus str 6., Hungary
| | | | - Alena Lukács
- Biomi Ltd., H-2100 Gödöllő, Szent-Györgyi Albert str 4., Hungary
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lian Lundy
- DRIZZLE Centre of Excellence, Luleå University of Technology, VA-Teknik, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Medical University Vienna, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna, Austria; Interuniversity Cooperation Center Water and Health (ICC), Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division Water Quality & Health, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Interuniversity Cooperation Center Water and Health (ICC), Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division Water Quality & Health, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria; Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group for Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandar Djukic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Čolić
- Jaroslav Černi Water Institute, Jaroslava Černog 80, 11226 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Nenin
- Jaroslav Černi Water Institute, Jaroslava Černog 80, 11226 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Reynolds LJ, Martin NA, Sala-Comorera L, Callanan K, Doyle P, O'Leary C, Buggy P, Nolan TM, O'Hare GMP, O'Sullivan JJ, Meijer WG. Identifying Sources of Faecal Contamination in a Small Urban Stream Catchment: A Multiparametric Approach. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661954. [PMID: 34267734 PMCID: PMC8276237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small urban streams discharging in the proximity of bathing waters may significantly contribute to the deterioration of water quality, yet their impact may be overlooked. This study focuses on the Elm Park stream in the city of Dublin that is subject to faecal contamination by unidentified sources. The aim of the study was to identify a minimum number of “sentinel” sampling stations in an urban catchment that would provide the maximum amount of information regarding faecal pollution in the catchment. Thus, high-resolution sampling within the catchment was carried out over the course of 1 year at 11 stations. Faecal indicator bacteria were enumerated and microbial source tracking (MST) was employed to evaluate human pollution. In addition, ammonium, total oxidised nitrogen, and phosphorus levels were monitored to determine if these correlated with faecal indicator and the HF183 MST marker. In addition, the effect of severe weather events on water quality was assessed using automated sampling at one of the identified “sentinel” stations during baseflow and high flow conditions over a 24-h period. Our results show that this urban stream is at times highly contaminated by point source faecal pollution and that human faecal pollution is pervasive in the catchment. Correlations between ammonium concentrations and faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) as well as the human MST marker were observed during the study. Cluster analysis identified four “sentinel” stations that provide sufficient information on faecal pollution in the stream, thus reducing the geographical complexity of the catchment. Furthermore, ammonium levels strongly correlated with FIB and the human HF183 MST marker under high flow conditions at key “sentinel” stations. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of pairing MST, faecal indicators, and ammonium monitoring to identify “sentinel” stations that could be more rapidly assessed using real-time ammonium readouts to assess remediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Reynolds
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Earth Institute, and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh A Martin
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Earth Institute, and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Sala-Comorera
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Earth Institute, and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Callanan
- Central Laboratory, Dublin City Council, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraig Doyle
- Drainage Planning, Policy and Development Control, Dublin City Council, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare O'Leary
- Central Laboratory, Dublin City Council, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Buggy
- Municipal Services, Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tristan M Nolan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Earth Institute, and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gregory M P O'Hare
- UCD School of Computer Science, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Civil Engineering, UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wim G Meijer
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Earth Institute, and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Sun L, Liang X, Jin M, Ma B, Zhang X, Song C. Ammonium and nitrate sources and transformation mechanism in the Quaternary sediments of Jianghan Plain, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145131. [PMID: 33610997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive inorganic nitrogen (IN) compound content in groundwater is generally attributed to anthropogenic activities. Here, natural nitrogen sources in Quaternary sediments from aquifers and aquitards of Jianghan Plain (JHP), China were identified. Ammonium and nitrate content in groundwater samples collected from 129 well sites were determined through chemical analysis. Subsequent 4 boreholes were drilled at areas with high nitrogen concentration in the Quaternary aquifer. Indicators from hydrochemistry and soil geochemistry analysis, as well as optically stimulated luminescence dating and various of radioactive isotope δ14C-CO2 and stable isotopes including δ15N-NH4+, δ15N-total organic nitrogen (TON), δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ18O-H2O, δD-H2O, and δ13C-total organic carbon (TOC) were used to identify high-concentration N compound sources and transformation mechanisms (NO3-: 0.02-770 mg L-1; NH4-N: 0-30.5 mg L-1) in the porous media. The thick clay layer protected the underlying media. Paleo-precipitation characteristics were preserved in the porewater; that is, it had not been affected by anthropogenic activities. The high nitrate concentration in the shallow oxidized aquifer was mostly attributed to manure and sewage (δ15N-NO3- was 14‰). The ammonium-N in the deep strata and part of ammonium-N in the shallow strata (aquifers and aquitards) were from natural sources, mainly from natural TON mineralization. Adsorption was an auxiliary factor for ammonium enrichment in the shallow strata, as were dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and low ammonia volatilization. Organic matter (OM) involved in mineralization was a mixture of lacustrine algae and terrigenous clastic sediments (from river upstream). The algae were traced to lake formation and frequent evolutionary changes in river environments, as indicated by alterations in sedimentary facies. The present findings may encourage researchers to consider natural IN sources' contribution to N contamination using quantitative models. They also serve as a valuable reference for understanding other pollutants' transformation mechanism in similar environments and provide research ideas for similar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Sun
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xing Liang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Menggui Jin
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Chen Song
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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16
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Gupta D, Ranjan RK, Parthasarathy P, Ansari A. Spatial and seasonal variability in the water chemistry of Kabar Tal wetland (Ramsar site), Bihar, India: multivariate statistical techniques and GIS approach. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2100-2117. [PMID: 33989179 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water samples of a newly designated Ramsar site, namely Kabar Tal (KT) wetland of Bihar. Samples were collected during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. The analytical and GIS results show that concentration of electrical conductivity, chloride, and nitrate are higher in summer than monsoon and winter. However, the concentration of major cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are higher in winter than monsoon and summer. In addition, major anions like sulphate and phosphate concentration is higher during monsoon than summer and winter. Multivariate statistical tool (discriminant analysis) results suggest that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate, and potassium are the major parameters distinguishing the water quality in different seasons. The study confirms that seasonal variations are playing a major role in the hydrochemistry of KT wetland. Overall, this work outlines the approach towards proper conservation and utilization of wetlands and to assess the quality of surface water for determining its suitability for agricultural purposes. Overall, this work highlights the approach towards estimating the seasonal dynamics of chemical species in KT wetland and its suitability for irrigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, India E-mail: ; ; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Ranjan
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, India E-mail: ;
| | - Purushothaman Parthasarathy
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Chennai, India
| | - Afroz Ansari
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, India E-mail: ;
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17
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Chen X, Jiang C, Zheng L, Dong X, Chen Y, Li C. Identification of nitrate sources and transformations in basin using dual isotopes and hydrochemistry combined with a Bayesian mixing model: Application in a typical mining city. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115651. [PMID: 33254675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The external nitrogen load input caused by human activities exacerbates the eutrophication process of aquatic ecosystems in mining areas, causing water quality problems. However, knowledge of the sources and environmental behavior of nitrate in the surface water of mining areas is still very limited. This study investigated the nitrate content and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of surface water in the Linhuan mining area, identified the sources and transformation processes of nitrate using isotopes and hydrochemistry, and evaluated the contribution rates of different potential nitrate sources based on a Bayesian mixing model. The nitrogen pollution in the surface water in the mining area seriously exceeded class Ⅴ of the Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water of China (GB3838-2002). The NO3- content ranged from 0.87 to 3.41 mg/L, showing obvious seasonal and spatial differences. Isotope and NO3-/Cl- analysis indicated that nitrate in the subsidence area water (SAW) was mainly derived from chemical fertilizer (NF) and soil organic nitrogen (NS), while nitrate in the mainstream of the Huihe River water (HRW) was mainly derived from manure/sewage (MS). The nitrate in the tributary of the Baohe River water (BRW) was mainly derived from soil NS, and nitrification was a nitrogen conversion pathway in the soil. The results of the Bayesian mixing model showed that the main sources of nitrate in the BRW, HRW and SAW were NF (34.5%), MS (68.8%) and NF (40.8%) in the wet season, and NS (33.4%), MS (70.9%) and NF (58.1%) in the dry season, respectively. The results of this study provide a new integrated method for the identification of nitrate pollution sources in mining areas, and this method can be used to improve the biogeochemical information of nitrogen in the aquatic ecosystems of mining areas and help formulate relevant measures to reduce water nitrogen pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Xianglin Dong
- Geological Survey Division, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei, 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal Mine Ecological Environment Protection, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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Qin J, Niu A, Li Q, Liu Y, Lin C. Effect of soluble calcium on enhancing nitrate retention by biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111133. [PMID: 32781362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Batch experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that nitrate (NO3-) could be immobilized by biochar via adsorption of CaNO3+ to the negatively charged biochar surfaces. The results show that addition of soluble Ca in both aqueous and soil systems enabled NO3- retention by the biochar material. Increase in the added Ca enhanced the retention rate and the optimal NO3- retention was gained at a Ca/NO3 molar ratio of 2 for the aqueous system. For the soil system, the Ca/NO3 molar ratio required to attain the optimal NO3- retention was much greater due to competition of other soil-borne ligands and soil colloids for the available Ca. At the same level of added Ca, the amount of NO3- being retained tended to increase with increasing dose of the biochar. More NO3- was retained in the soil system than in the aqueous system at the same dosage level of biochar due to additional adsorption of CaNO3+ by negatively changed soil organic and inorganic colloids. The findings obtained from this study have implications for developing effective methods for reducing NO3- leaching from soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Anyi Niu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chuxia Lin
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Mulec AO, Mladenovič A, Pranjić AM, Oprčkal P, Ščančar J, Milačič R. Study of interferences and procedures for their removal in the spectrophotometric determination of ammonium and selected anions in coloured wastewater samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4769-4782. [PMID: 32940268 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01361g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium and selected anions were determined in wastewater samples with highly complex matrices by spectrophotometry using the reagent-kit method. For this purpose, the interferents of coloured compounds and S2-, SO32-, CO32- and Cl-, which are often present in wastewater samples, were systematically investigated in the spectrophotometric determination of ammonium, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, fluoride and phosphate. After this, innovative procedures for their removal were proposed. For sample decolourization, a DEAE column was used to determine ammonium, while a Florisil column was used for the colour removal and anions' determination. S2- and CO32- were eliminated from the samples by adding HCl or HNO3, which transformed them into gases H2S and CO2. The stepwise addition of CaCl2 to the sample, adjusted to pH 8, initiated the formation of CaSO3, which was removed by filtration. Cl- was removed by the addition of Ag2O, which formed a AgCl precipitate that was removed from the solution by filtration. The accuracy of the determination was tested with spike-recovery tests, which showed recoveries for the analytes in the spiked samples ranging from 95 to 105%. The repeatability of the measurements of nitrate, chloride, sulphate and phosphate in the wastewater samples was better than ±1%, while that for the ammonium and fluoride samples was ±2 and ±5%, respectively. The data from the present investigation revealed that the developed procedures for the decolourization and stepwise removal of interferents enabled accurate spectrophotometric determination of ammonium, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, fluoride and phosphate by using cuvette tests in complex wastewater and environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Oarga Mulec
- Department of Materials, Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Borja-Serrano P, Ochoa-Herrera V, Maurice L, Morales G, Quilumbaqui C, Tejera E, Machado A. Determination of the Microbial and Chemical Loads in Rivers from the Quito Capital Province of Ecuador (Pichincha)-A Preliminary Analysis of Microbial and Chemical Quality of the Main Rivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5048. [PMID: 32674286 PMCID: PMC7400137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of natural water sources is one of the main health problems worldwide, which could be caused by chemicals, metals, or microbial agents. This study aimed to analyze the quality of 18 rivers located in Quito, the capital province of Pichincha, Ecuador, through physico-chemical and microbial parameters. The E. coli and total coliforms assessments were performed by a counting procedure in growth media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was realized to detect several microbial genera, as well as Candida albicans, two parasites (Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp.) and E. coli pathotypes: enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Additionally, physico-chemical parameters and major and trace metals were analyzed in each surface water sample. Our results demonstrated that most of the rivers analyzed do not comply with the microbial, physico-chemical, and metal requirements established by the Ecuadorian legislation. In terms of microbial pollution, the most polluted rivers were Monjas, Machángara, Pisque, and Pita Rivers. Furthermore, three out of four analyzed E. coli pathotypes (EIEC, EHEC, and EAEC) were detected in certain rivers, specifically: Monjas River showed the presence of EIEC and EHEC; in the Machángara River, EAEC and EIEC were detected; and finally, EIEC was present in the Guayllabamba River. Several physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, CODtotal, and TSS values, were higher than the Ecuadorian guidelines in 11, 28, and 28% of the rivers, respectively. Regarding heavy metals, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Mn surpassed the established values in 94, 89, 61, 22, 22, and 17% of the rivers, respectively. Machangara River was the only one that registered higher Cr concentrations than the national guidelines. The values of Al and Fe were above the recommended values in 83 and 72% of the rivers. Overall, based on the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters the most contaminated rivers were Machángara and Monjas. This study revealed severe contaminations in Ecuadorean Rivers; further studies should evaluate the sources of contamination and their impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Borja-Serrano
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (P.B.-S.); (V.O.-H.)
| | - Valeria Ochoa-Herrera
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (P.B.-S.); (V.O.-H.)
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, El Politécnico, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (G.M.); (C.Q.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laurence Maurice
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS/IRD/CNES/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France;
- Área de Salud de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Toledo N22-80, P.O. Box 17-12-569, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Morales
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, El Politécnico, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (G.M.); (C.Q.)
| | - Cristian Quilumbaqui
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, El Politécnico, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (G.M.); (C.Q.)
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Grupo de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
| | - António Machado
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (P.B.-S.); (V.O.-H.)
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Romanelli A, Soto DX, Matiatos I, Martínez DE, Esquius S. A biological and nitrate isotopic assessment framework to understand eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136909. [PMID: 32018104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a globally significant challenge facing aquatic ecosystems, mostly associated with human induced enrichment of these ecosystems with nitrogen and phosphorus. Given the complexity of assigning eutrophication issues to local primary N sources in field-based studies, this paper proposes a multi-stable isotope and biological framework to track nitrogen biogeochemical transformations, inputs and fate of nitrate in groundwater-dependent shallow lakes. Three representative freshwater ecosystems from the Pampa Plain (Argentina), with different land uses and topographic features were selected. Groundwater (N = 24), lake (N = 29) and stream (N = 20) samples were collected for isotope (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-, δ18O-H2O) and hydrogeochemical (major ions and nutrients) determinations, and in the case of surface water, also for biological determinations (chlorophyll-a, fecal coliforms and nitrifying bacteria abundance). Both chemical and isotopic characteristics clearly indicated that denitrification was limited in lakes and streams, while evidence of assimilation in shallow lakes was confirmed. The results suggested that groundwater denitrification plays a role in the nitrate concentration pattern observed in the Pampeano Aquifer. The proportional contribution of nitrate sources to the inflow streams for all years were estimated by using Bayesian isotope mixing models, being ammonium nitrified in the system from soil and fertilizers ~50 - 75 %, sewage/manure ~20 - 40 % and atmospheric deposition ~5 - 15 %. In this sense, agricultural practices seem to have a relevant role in the eutrophication and water quality deterioration for these watersheds. However, limnological, bacterial and algal variables, assessed simultaneously with isotopic tracers, indicated spatio-temporal differences within and between these aquatic ecosystems. In the case of Nahuel Rucá Lake, animal manure was a significant source of nitrogen pollution, in contrast to La Brava Lake. In Los Padres Lake, agricultural practices were considered the main sources of nitrate input to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Romanelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNMdP-CONICET), FCEyN, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CIC, 3350 Funes St., Level 1, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - David X Soto
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel E Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNMdP-CONICET), FCEyN, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CIC, 3350 Funes St., Level 1, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Soledad Esquius
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNMdP-CONICET), FCEyN, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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22
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Fonseca-Montes de Oca RMG, Ramos-Leal JA, Morán-Ramírez J, Esquivel-Martínez JM, Álvarez-Bastida C, Fuentes-Rivas RM. Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Assessment of Contamination by Inorganic and Organic Matter in the Groundwater of a Volcano-Sedimentary Aquifer. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:520-531. [PMID: 32161999 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of groundwater is a product of the evolution and transformation of major ions, which come from natural hydrogeochemical processes or from anthropogenic interference. The objective of this study was to identify the hydrogeochemical processes and the influence of anthropogenic activity on the variation of chemical composition in Toluca Valley groundwater. The type of water in the zone is fundamentally Mg-Ca-HCO3. Three groups with different evolutionary tendencies were identified: one within a local recharge zone and two others in an intermediate region with anthropic activity. The latter, which show contamination by inorganic matter (fertilizers) and organic matter (urban or industrial wastewater). The content of N-NO3- (0.024-0.219 mEq L-1), N-NH4+ (0-0.022 mEq L-1), Porg (0.03-1.02 mEq L-1) and PO43- (0.0-0.28 mEq L-1) indicated contamination coming from inorganic and organic matter. These chemical compounds were identified by way of a 3D fluorescence technique. The results of this study demonstrate that the main processes that affect and control the chemical composition of the water in the Toluca Valley aquifer are weathering of silicates, the ion exchange and a mixture process generated by a source of anthropic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna María Guadalupe Fonseca-Montes de Oca
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5 carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - José Alfredo Ramos-Leal
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055. Col. Lomas 4ª sección, C.P.78216, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Janete Morán-Ramírez
- CONACYT, UNAM, Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04150, Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Esquivel-Martínez
- CONACYT, Unidad Académica de Ciencias de La Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Exhacienda San Juan Bautista s/n, CP. 40323, Taxco el viejo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Carolina Álvarez-Bastida
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 50110, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Rosa María Fuentes-Rivas
- Facultad de Geografía, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 50110, Toluca, Estado de México, México.
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Matej-Lukowicz K, Wojciechowska E, Nawrot N, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka LA. Seasonal contributions of nutrients from small urban and agricultural watersheds in northern Poland. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8381. [PMID: 32071800 PMCID: PMC7007974 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse sources of pollution like agricultural or urban runoff are important factors in determining the quality of surface waters, although they are more difficult to monitor than point sources. The objective of our study was to verify assumptions that the inflow from agricultural nutrient sources is higher than from urbanized ones. It has been done by comparing the nutrients and organic matter concentrations and loads for three small streams in northern Poland (Pomerania Region). Two streams flowing through agricultural catchments and an urban stream flowing through the city of Gdansk were analysed. Concentrations of nutrients: N-NO3 - N-NH4 + , P-PO4 3 - , total phosphorus, total nitrogen and COD were measured 1-3 times per month in the period from July 2017 to December 2018 in agricultural watersheds and from October 2016 to March 2018 for an urban stream. Seasonal changes in concentrations were analysed with descriptive statistics tools. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to point out the most significant factors determining variations in nutrients and organic matter concentrations with respect to different seasons. The factors included a number of characteristics regarding the catchment and streams: total catchment area, stream length, watershed form ratio, stream slope, flow rate and land use with respect to paved areas, agricultural areas and green areas (parks, forests, meadows and pastures). Although concentrations of nitrogen compounds were higher in streams flowing through agricultural areas, our study showed that total concentrations of phosphorus were higher in the urban stream, especially in summer. In agricultural areas the summer concentrations of nutrients were not high, which was probably due to dense vegetation. The correlation between P-PO4 3 - concentration and size of agricultural area in the catchment was observed in winter when no vegetation field cover exists. Our study shows an urgent need to monitor the nutrient loads carried with urban streams especially if discharged into receivers prone to eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Matej-Lukowicz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Wojciechowska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Nicole Nawrot
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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Česonienė L, Sileikiene D, Dapkiene M, Radzevicius A, Räsänen K. Assessment of chemical and microbiological parameters on the Leite River Lithuania. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18752-18765. [PMID: 31055754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The most common source of pollution is wastewater that comes from the industrial, agricultural, and household sectors. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of a new innovative wastewater treatment technology on the water quality of the Leite River, Lithuania. The Leite River basin receives wastewater from the Leitgiriai agglomeration; it is then released into a channel, which is 73 m away from the river. During the implementation of the BSR Interreg project "Water emissions and their reduction in village communities in the Baltic Sea Region as pilots (VillageWater)," the ineffective Leitgiriai wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was reconstructed in September and October of 2017. Water samples from Leite River were collected in 2010-2018 in three locations: near the Kulynai, Leitgiriai, and Sausgalviai villages in Lithuania. The results show that the wastewater treatment efficiency is statistically higher than that before the reconstruction of the WWTP. The treated wastewater (before and after reconstruction) is released from the Leitgiriai WWTP into the surface water (channel), which flows into the Leite River. The highest concentrations (according to all examined indicators) have been observed in the channel and in the Leite River 500 m after the release point before the reconstruction. All differences are statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to the 2018 values, the water quality of the Leite River did comply with the good ecological status/potential class indicators near the Leitgiriai village. After the Leitgiriai WWTP reconstruction, the wastewater treatment efficiency increased two times on average. Therefore, the Leite River water quality near Leitgiriai improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laima Česonienė
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Forest and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Daiva Sileikiene
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Forest and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Midona Dapkiene
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Water and Land Management, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Radzevicius
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Water and Land Management, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Hu M, Wang Y, Du P, Shui Y, Cai A, Lv C, Bao Y, Li Y, Li S, Zhang P. Tracing the sources of nitrate in the rivers and lakes of the southern areas of the Tibetan Plateau using dual nitrate isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:132-140. [PMID: 30577012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on a quantitative analysis of nitrate concentrations, the nitrate sources and temporal variability of the rivers, lakes, and wetlands of Tibet were assessed for the first time using dual isotope technology. Water samples were collected once in July 2017 for analysis of nitrate concentration and isotopic composition. The overall values of δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- ranged from +1.8‰ to +23.0‰, and from -6.3‰ to +22.2‰ respectively. Duel isotopic composition suggested that nitrification of soil organic nitrogen was the main source of nitrate in the Yalu Tsangpo River. Furthermore, anthropogenic nitrogen inputs become more important in downstream than upstream because of intensive agricultural activities and urban input. In the rivers of the Ngari District, nitrate is mainly derived from desert deposits, manure and sewage, and chemical fertilisers. Different rivers show different characteristics of nitrate sources depending on the location, topography, landform, and climate of the river basins. Animal manure, nitrification of soil organic matter, and desert deposits are mainly responsible for the shifting of nitrate isotopic signatures in lakes, which are minimally affected by human activities. In wetlands, biological nitrification and denitrification could be the main processes of nitrogen migration and transformation. These results provide useful information in revealing the fate of nitrate in different aquatic ecosystems and different areas of Tibet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China.
| | - Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China; China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yong Shui
- The Tibet Autonomous Region Hydrology and Water Resources Survey, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, China
| | - Aimin Cai
- China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China
| | - Yufei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Shanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China
| | - Panwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 10038, China
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Fonseca-Montes de Oca RMG, Martínez-Miranda V, Solache-Ríos MJ, Ramos-Leal JA, Álvarez-Bastida C, Fuentes-Rivas RM. Chemical activity relation of phosphorus and nitrogen presence in trace elements incorporation into underground water. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:93. [PMID: 30671684 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities can deteriorate the quality of groundwater destined for human use and consumption due to the fact that human activities cause changes in groundwater chemistry. The changes are induced by chemical species coming from industrial waste, which interacts with rocks and minerals. These trigger agents (phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients) which can incorporate trace elements (As, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn). The main objective of the present work was to study the phosphate ions' and nitrogenous species' effects on the incorporation of trace elements into groundwater used for human consumption and to determine the physicochemical processes that participate in the incorporation of trace elements. The physicochemical analysis and elemental analysis by ICP of the groundwater that supplies the study area showed that the phosphorus (P) activity contributes in the incorporation of trace elements into the water. Significant correlations between the activities of P and Fe (0.516), Mn (0.553), Pb (0.756), and As (- 0.747) as well as the correlation of NH4+ with As indicate that the presence of chemical species such as PO43- (2.50-32.20 mg L-1), NO3- (0.89-30.80 mg L-1), and NH4+ (0.2-12.70 mg L-1) are triggering agents that favor the dissolution and mobility of As (0.014-0.020 mg L-1), Fe (0.020-1.14 mg L-1), Mn (0.007-0.254 mg L-1), Ni (0.002-0.0141 mg L-1), Zn (0.009-0.459 mg L-1), and Pb (0.009-0.0170 mg L-1), species with adverse health effects because they are considered carcinogenic. Adequate control of the nitrogenous and phosphated material prevents the dissolution and mobility of trace elements into the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna María Guadalupe Fonseca-Montes de Oca
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5 Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5 Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Marcos José Solache-Ríos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México Toluca-La Marquesa s/n, C.P. 52750, Ocoyoacac, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - José Alfredo Ramos-Leal
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055. Col. Lomas 4 Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Carolina Álvarez-Bastida
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón esq. Paseo Tollocan, C.P. 50120, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Fuentes-Rivas
- Facultad de Geografía, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 50110, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico.
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Qin Y, Zhang D, Wang F. Using nitrogen and oxygen isotopes to access sources and transformations of nitrogen in the Qinhe Basin, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:738-748. [PMID: 30414029 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution in water is a common environmental problem worldwide. The Qinhe Basin (QHB) faces with the risk of eutrophication. To clarify nitrate pollution of river water, water chemical data, water isotope values (δD and δ18O-H2O), and dual nitrate isotope values (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) were used to discern sources and transformation mechanisms of nitrogen in the QHB. The nitrate concentrations of river water ranged from 0.71 to 20.81 mg L-1. The δD and δ18O-H2O values of river water varied from - 74 to -52‰ and from - 10.8 to - 7.2‰, with an average value of - 60‰ and - 8.2‰, respectively. The δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- values of nitrate ranged from - 6.7 to + 14.8‰ and from - 6.0 to + 5.6‰, with a mean value of + 4.6‰ and - 0.6‰, respectively. Assimilation by algae and the mixing of soil nitrogen, chemical fertilizer, sewage, and industrial wastewater could account for increasing δ15N-NO3- values. There was neither significantly positive nor negative correlation between δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- in river water, indicating that no obvious denitrification shifted isotopic values of nitrate in the QHB. Based on the dual isotopic values of nitrate and land use change in the watershed, it could be concluded that intensive nitrification dominated in the QHB, and dissolved nitrate was mainly derived from nitrification of ammonium in fertilizer, soil nitrogen, and domestic sewage. As the primary nitrate sources identified in the QHB, effective fertilization and afforestation can be taken to protect water resource from nitrate pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, No.2001, Shiji Road, Jiaozuo, 454000, Henan, China.
| | - Fushun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Li C, Li SL, Yue FJ, Liu J, Zhong J, Yan ZF, Zhang RC, Wang ZJ, Xu S. Identification of sources and transformations of nitrate in the Xijiang River using nitrate isotopes and Bayesian model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:801-810. [PMID: 30064106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coupled nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate have proven useful in identifying nitrate sources and transformation in rivers. However, isotopic fractionation and low-resolution monitoring limit the accurate estimation of nitrate dynamics. In the present study, the spatio-temporal variations of nitrate isotopes (15N and 18O) and hydrochemical compositions (NO3- and Cl-) of river water were examined to understand nitrate sources in the Xijiang River, China. High-frequency sampling campaigns and isotopic analysis were performed at the mouth of the Xijiang River to capture temporal nitrate variabilities. The overall values of δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- ranged from +4.4‰ to +14.1‰ and from -0.3‰ to +6.8‰, respectively. The results of nitrate isotopes indicated that NO3- mainly originated from soil organic nitrogen (SON), chemical fertilizer (CF), and manure and sewage wastes (M&S). The negative correlation of nitrate isotopic values with NO3-/Cl- ratios suggested the importance of denitrification in NO3- loss. The results of Bayesian model with incorporation of isotopic fractionation during the denitrification showed that SON and CF contributed to the most (72-73%) nitrate in the wet season; whereas approximately 58% of nitrate was derived from anthropogenic inputs (M&S and CF) in the dry season. The nitrate flux was 2.08 × 105 tons N yr-1 during one hydrologic year between 2013 and 2014, with 86% occurring in the wet season. Long-term fluctuations in nitrate flux indicated that nitrate export increased significantly over the past 35 years, and was significantly correlated with nitrate concentrations. The seasonal pattern of nitrate dynamics indicated the mixing of nitrified NO3- and denitrified NO3- between surface flow and groundwater flow under different hydrological conditions. Overall, the present study quantitatively evaluates the spatio-temporal variations in nitrate sources in a subtropical watershed, and the high-frequency monitoring gives a better estimate of nitrate exports and proportional contributions of nitrate sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Management Science, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruo-Chun Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Sen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
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Ogrinc N, Tamše S, Zavadlav S, Vrzel J, Jin L. Evaluation of geochemical processes and nitrate pollution sources at the Ljubljansko polje aquifer (Slovenia): A stable isotope perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1588-1600. [PMID: 30235643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Ljubljansko polje aquifer, which is the main supply of drinking water for the local population in Ljubljana, Slovenia is highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution. In this study, the geochemistry of major constituents including nitrate concentrations and the dual isotopes of nitrate were used to ascertain the spatial distribution of processes and nitrate sources in the groundwater from seven wells at three different water supplies: Kleče, Hrastje and Jarški prod. The groundwater is of the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- type approaching equilibrium with respect to dolomite and are moderately supersaturated with calcite. The groundwater nitrate concentrations ranged from 5.32 to 50.1 mg L-1 and are well above the threshold value for anthropogenic activity (3 mg L-1). The δ15NNO3 values ranged from 1.4 to 9.7‰, while δ18ONO3 values were from 6.3 to 34.6‰. Based on isotope mixing model three sources of nitrate were identified: atmospheric deposition, fertilizers and soil nitrogen. At Kleče 8, Kleče 12 and Jarški prod 3 the low δ15NNO3 and high δ18ONO3 values result from pristine nitrate sources, while in Hrastje 3 and Kleče 11 equal amounts of nitrate derived from soils with mixed fertilization and sewage. The data also indicate that the main sources of high nitrate concentrations in groundwater are from fertilizers and sewage-manure (comprising up to 64%). Such levels occurred in the Hrastje and Kleče 11 wells where precipitation is the main source of groundwater. Nitrate derived from atmospheric deposition accounted for approximately 10% of the nitrate in the groundwater. The message from this study is that to reduce the nitrogen load and improve water quality will involve containment and the careful management of sources from urban and agriculture inputs such as sewage-manure and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Samo Tamše
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Zavadlav
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Vrzel
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisentraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Lixin Jin
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0555, USA
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Zhang M, Zhi Y, Shi J, Wu L. Apportionment and uncertainty analysis of nitrate sources based on the dual isotope approach and a Bayesian isotope mixing model at the watershed scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1175-1187. [PMID: 29929286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and eliminating pollutant sources of water bodies is critical for drinking water safety. In this research, river water, reservoir water and groundwater samples (n = 259) were collected from November 2015 to January 2017. Spatial Analysis was made of the isotopic compositions of potential nitrate sources (i.e., manure, sewage, chemical nitrogen fertilizer, soil organic nitrogen and rainfall) so as to obtain the site source isotopic signatures. Different sources pools and fractionation factors were loaded to a Bayesian isotope mixing model to ensure posterior estimates with less uncertainty. Results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in Hexi Reservoir watershed were higher than the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China (GB 3838-2002), and NO3--N was the dominant form of TN (accounting for 68.63% on average). There are significant spatio-temporal variations in the isotope data (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) and the dominant nitrate sources, which were related to the land use types. Loading the site source isotopic signatures to the Bayesian isotope mixing model effectively improved the accuracy and precision of nitrate source apportionment. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer (NF) was the foremost largest contributor of NO3--N (38.82%), especially for Hexi North Stream (34.19%) and Yangmei Stream (44.39%), while atmospheric deposition (AD) contributed the least to NO3--N (0.47%) of river water in the watershed; soil organic nitrogen (NS) contributed more to NO3--N in the dry season than in the wet season; and manure and sewage (M&S) contributed approximately 30.22% in the whole study period, 53.60% in September 2016 and 41.33% in Hexi South Stream. This research suggests that combination of Spatial Analysis and the Bayesian isotope mixing model with the measured isotopic signatures of potential nitrate sources accurately apportion the nitrate source contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuyou Zhi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Laosheng Wu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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31
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Vasiljević B, Simić SB, Paunović M, Zuliani T, Krizmanić J, Marković V, Tomović J. Contribution to the improvement of diatom-based assessments of the ecological status of large rivers - The Sava River Case Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:874-883. [PMID: 28686991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Sava River Basin is a major drainage basin of southeastern Europe, significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Our study was focused on diatom communities as an indicator of the ecological status of running waters. We investigated over 937km of the Sava River at 19 sampling sites. Benthic diatom communities and 17 diatom indices were analyzed along with a large set of environmental parameters. CCA revealed that the most important elements along the spatial gradient were As and Si. Our results show that the species Navicula recens (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bertalot and Eolimna minima (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot are very abundant at downstream localities where the highest concentrations of As were measured. The number of motile diatoms increased along the nutrient gradient, i.e. with Si availability. Correlations between diatom indices and selected environmental factors showed that temperature, As, Si and Fe are in significant negative correlation with most diatom indices. Analysis revealed the influence of As and metals in water on diatoms, although their concentrations did not exceed environmental standards. While our findings do not confirm that diatom indices reveal the intensity of pressures solely caused by nutrient and/or organic pollutants, they suggest that in moderately polluted large rivers benthic diatoms are good bioindicators of multiple pressures, and that diatom indices could serve as indicators of the level of overall degradation of an ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božica Vasiljević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Snežana B Simić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jelena Krizmanić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vanja Marković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Tomović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Kostić J, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Aborgiba M, Gačić Z, Paunović M, Višnjić-Jeftić Ž, Rašković B, Poleksić V, Lenhardt M, Vuković-Gačić B. The impact of multiple stressors on the biomarkers response in gills and liver of freshwater breams during different seasons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1670-1681. [PMID: 28618658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers attract increasing attention in environmental studies, as a tool for detection of exposure and effects of pollution, from both natural and anthropogenic sources. This study aims to assess the impact of multiple stressors during distinctive seasons, covering also extreme hydrological events (extensive flooding in the mid May 2014), on different levels of biological organization in the liver and gills of three closely related freshwater breams. Our previous study on DNA damage in blood cells of these specimens showed increased DNA damage in June 2014, one month after the flooding event. As a continuation of that research, the present study was conducted. As a biomarker of exposure DNA damage was measured by applying the alkaline comet assay, while histopathological alterations were monitored as a biomarker of effect. Additionally, concentrations of metals and metalloids in gills, liver and muscle were assessed. Sampling of fish tissues was performed in 2014, during winter (January and February), spring (March and early June) and summer (late June, July and August). Significant seasonal difference in DNA damage was observed for both tissues. During spring and summer the level of DNA damage in gills was significantly higher when compared to the liver. Histopathological analyses showed higher frequency of alterations in gills during spring, and in liver during summer, but without a significant seasonal difference. Gills had the highest concentration of metals and metalloids during the spring and summer, and liver during winter. Muscle was the least affected tissue during all three seasons. This study highlighted the importance of the multiple biomarker approach and the use of different fish tissues in assessment of surface water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Kostić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Hydrobiology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mustafa Aborgiba
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gačić
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Hydrobiology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Željka Višnjić-Jeftić
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana Lenhardt
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade-Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Hydrobiology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Li Y, Li Y, Zhao T, Sun W, Yang Z. Identifying nitrate sources and transformations in Taizi River Basin, Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:20759-20769. [PMID: 28718022 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate (NO3-) pollution of aquatic systems in Northeast China is a severe problem. To identify NO3- sources and transformations in different zones with different land uses in the Taizi River Basin, ion-exchange methods were utilized to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3- and chloride (Cl-). Results showed that Cl- concentrations ranged from 2.7 to 73.4 mg/L. Cl- concentrations were the highest in zone 8 and the lowest in zone 1. NO3- concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 27.4 mg/L and were the highest in zone 1 and the lowest in zone 8. During the sampling period, δ15N-NO3- values varied from 3.8 to 37.2‰, and δ18O-NO3- values ranged from -0.5 to 10.4‰. δ15N-NO3- values were the highest in zone 9 and the lowest in zone 1. The differences in physicochemical parameters and NO3- isotopes may be affected by land use and biogeochemical nitrogen processes in different zones. The combined analysis of dual isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) and NO3-/Cl- versus Cl- showed that different sources contributed NO3- to different zones during the sampling period. Soil N, manure, and sewage were the main NO3- sources in the Taizi River Basin. In zones 1 to 6, the δ15N-NO3- values of almost all samples were more than 10‰, NO3-/Cl- values were high, and Cl- molar concentration was low during the sampling period. These findings suggested that the volatilization and nitrification of soil NH4+ might be related to NO3- sources in zones 1 to 6. A 1:1 to 2:1 linear relationship between δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- combined with the significantly negative relationship between ln (NO3-) and δ18O-NO3- indicated that denitrification affected NO3- distribution in zones 8 to 9 during the sampling period. These results can provide useful information to control NO3- concentrations in different zones in Taizi River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Yanfen Li
- Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Jiaozuo College, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Tongqian Zhao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Zirui Yang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
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