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Fakhri Y, Mehri F, Pilevar Z, Moradi M. Concentration of steroid hormones in sediment of surface water resources in China: systematic review and meta-analysis with ecological risk assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2724-2751. [PMID: 37870963 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2269880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The risk quotient (RQ) related to Estrone (E1), 17β-E2 (E2), Estriol (E3) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in sediment of water resources in China was calculated using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. Fifty-four papers with 64 data-reports included in our study. The rank order of steroid hormones in sediment based on log-normal distribution in MCS was E1 (3.75 ng/g dw) > E3 (1.53 ng/g dw) > EE2 (1.38 ng/g dw) > E2 (1.17 ng/g dw). According to results, concentration of steroid hormones including E1, E2 and E3 in sediment of Erhai lake, northern Taihu lake and Dianchi river was higher than other locations. The rank order of steroid hormones based on percentage high risk (RQ > 1) was EE2 (87.00%) > E1 (70.00%) > E2 (62.99%) > E3 (11.11%). Hence, contamination control plans for steroid hormones in sediment of water resources in China should be conducted continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pilevar
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Moradi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Lin H, Zhou L, Lu S, Yang H, Li Y, Yang X. Occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of natural and synthetic steroid hormones in soil, water, and sediment systems in suburban agricultural area of Guangzhou City, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134288. [PMID: 38626685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are highly potent compounds that can disrupt the endocrine systems of aquatic organisms. This study explored the spatiotemporal distribution of 49 steroid hormones in agricultural soils, ditch water, and sediment from suburban areas of Guangzhou City, China. The average concentrations of Σsteroid hormones in the water, soils, and sediment were 97.7 ng/L, 4460 ng/kg, and 9140 ng/kg, respectively. Elevated hormone concentrations were notable in water during the flood season compared to the dry season, whereas an inverse trend was observed in soils and sediment. These observations were attributed to illegal wastewater discharge during the flood season, and sediment partitioning of hormones and manure fertilization during the dry season. Correlation analysis further showed that population, precipitation, and number of slaughtered animals significantly influenced the spatial distribution of steroid hormones across various districts. Moreover, there was substantial mass transfer among the three media, with steroid hormones predominantly distributed in the sediment (60.8 %) and soils (34.4 %). Risk quotients, calculated as the measured concentration and predicted no-effect concentration, exceeded 1 at certain sites for some hormones, indicating high risks. This study reveals that the risk assessment of steroid hormones requires consideration of their spatiotemporal variability and inter-media mass transfer dynamics in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Liangzhuo Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shudong Lu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Han Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), MOA, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), MOA, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Zhou J, He X, Zhang Z, Wu G, Liu P, Wang D, Shi P, Zhang XX. Chemical-toxicological insights and process comparison for estrogenic activity mitigation in municipal wastewater treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121304. [PMID: 38364463 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Efforts in water ecosystem conservation require an understanding of causative factors and removal efficacies associated with mixture toxicity during wastewater treatment. This study conducts a comprehensive investigation into the interplay between wastewater estrogenic activity and 30 estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs) across 12 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) spanning four seasons in China. Results reveal substantial estrogenic activity in all WWTPs and potential endocrine-disrupting risks in over 37.5 % of final effluent samples, with heightened effects during colder seasons. While phthalates are the predominant EEDCs (concentrations ranging from 86.39 %) for both estrogenic activity and major EEDCs (phthalates and estrogens), with the secondary and tertiary treatment segments contributing 88.59 ± 8.12 % and 11.41 ± 8.12 %, respectively. Among various secondary treatment processes, the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactor (A/A/O-MBR) excels in removing both estrogenic activity and EEDCs. In tertiary treatment, removal efficiencies increase with the inclusion of components involving physical, chemical, and biological removal principles. Furthermore, correlation and multiple liner regression analysis establish a significant (p < 0.05) positive association between solid retention time (SRT) and removal efficiencies of estrogenic activity and EEDCs within WWTPs. This study provides valuable insights from the perspective of prioritizing key pollutants, the necessity of integrating more efficient secondary and tertiary treatment processes, along with adjustments to operational parameters like SRT, to mitigate estrogenic activity in municipal WWTPs. This contribution aids in managing endocrine-disrupting risks in wastewater as part of ecological conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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4
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Zhao L, Wang C, Sun F, Liao H, Chang H, Jia X. Assessment of occurrence, partitioning and ecological risk for 144 steroid hormones in Taihu Lake using UPLC-MS/MS with machine learning model. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141598. [PMID: 38432464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones (SHs) have attracted mounting attention due to their endocrine-disrupting effects on humans and aquatic organisms. However, the lack of analytical methods and toxicity data for a large number of SHs has limited the effective management of SH contamination in the water-sediment systems. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 144 SHs to investigate their occurrence, spatial distribution and partitioning in the water and sediment in Taihu Lake. The results showed that the total concentrations of SHs in water and sediment were 366.88-998.23 ng/L (mean: 612.84 ng/L) and 17.46-150.20 ng/g (mean: 63.41 ng/g), respectively. The spatial distribution of SHs in Taihu Lake might be simultaneously influenced by the pollution sources, lake hydrodynamics, and sediment properties. The sediment-water partitioning result implied that 28 SHs were in dynamic equilibrium at the water-water interface. In addition, 22 and 12 SHs tended to spread to water and settle into sediment, respectively. To assess the ecological risk of all SHs, a robust random forest model (R2 = 0.801) was developed to predict the acute toxicity of SHs for which toxicity data were not available from publications. Risk assessment showed that SHs posed a high ecological risk throughout Taihu Lake, with the highest risk in the northwestern areas. Estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol were the dominant risk contributors and were therefore recommended as the priority SHs in Taihu Lake. This work provided a valuable dataset for Taihu Lake, which would help to provide guidance and suggestions for future studies and be useful for the government to develop the mitigation and management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xudong Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Unnikrishan A, Khalid NK, Rayaroth MP, Thomas S, Nazim A, Aravindakumar CT, Aravind UK. Occurrence and distribution of steroid hormones (estrogen) and other contaminants of emerging concern in a south indian water body. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141124. [PMID: 38211796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones (SHs) are among the important classes of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) whose detection in aquatic environments is vital due to their potential adverse health impacts. Their detection is challenging because of their lower stability in natural conditions and low concentrations. This study reports the presence of steroid hormones in a major river system, the Periyar River, in Kerala (India). Water samples were collected from thirty different river locations in the case of SHs and five locations within these in the case of other CECs. These were subjected to LC-MS/MS and LC-Q-ToF/MS analyses. Five SHs, estriol, estrone, 17 β estradiol, progesterone, and hydroxy progesterone, were separated and targeted using MS techniques. The studies of the water samples confirmed the presence of the first three estrogens in different sampling sites, with estrone present in all the sampling sites. The concentration of estrone was detected in the range from 2 to 15 ng/L. Estriol and estradiol concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 5 ng/L and 1-6 ng/L, respectively. The hormones at some selected sites were continuously monitored for seven months. The chosen areas include the feed water sites for the drinking water treatment plants across the river. The monthly data revealed that estrone is the only SHs detected in all the samples in the selected months. The highest concentration of SH was found in August. Twelve CECs belonging to pharmaceuticals and personal care products were identified and quantified. In addition, 31 other CECs were also identified using non-target analysis. A detailed study of the hormone mapping reported here is the first from any South Indian River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Unnikrishan
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Nejumal K Khalid
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj P Rayaroth
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Shiny Thomas
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facilities (SAIFs), Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Akhil Nazim
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre (IUIC), Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India; Inter University Instrumentation Centre (IUIC), Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India; Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facilities (SAIFs), Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, 682022, Kerala, India.
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Loos R, Daouk S, Marinov D, Gómez L, Porcel-Rodríguez E, Sanseverino I, Amalric L, Potalivo M, Calabretta E, Ferenčík M, Colzani L, DellaVedova L, Amendola L, Saurini M, Di Girolamo F, Lardy-Fontan S, Sengl M, Kunkel U, Svahn O, Weiss S, De Martin S, Gelao V, Bazzichetto M, Tarábek P, Stipaničev D, Repec S, Zacs D, Ricci M, Golovko O, Flores C, Ramani S, Rebane R, Rodríguez JA, Lettieri T. Summary recommendations on "Analytical methods for substances in the Watch List under the Water Framework Directive". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168707. [PMID: 37992820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The Watch List (WL) is a monitoring program under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) to obtain high-quality Union-wide monitoring data on potential water pollutants for which scarce monitoring data or data of insufficient quality are available. The main purpose of the WL data collection is to determine if the substances pose a risk to the aquatic environment at EU level and subsequently to decide whether a threshold, the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) should be set for them and, potentially to be listed as priority substance in the WFD. The first WL was established in 2015 and contained 10 individual or groups of substances while the 4th WL was launched in 2022. The results of monitoring the substances of the first WL showed that some countries had difficulties to reach an analytical Limit of Quantification (LOQ) below or equal to the Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNEC) or EQS. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) organised a series of workshops to support the EU Member States (MS) and their activities under the WFD. Sharing the knowledge among the Member States on the analytical methods is important to deliver good data quality. The outcome and the discussion engaged with the experts are described in this paper, and in addition a literature review of the most important publications on the analysis of 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, metaflumizone, fipronil, metformin, and guanylurea from the last years is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Loos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | | | - Livia Gómez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Ferenčík
- Povodí Labe, státní podnik, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Luisa Colzani
- ARPA Lombardia, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lombardy Region, Italy
| | - Luisa DellaVedova
- ARPA Lombardia, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lombardy Region, Italy
| | - Luca Amendola
- ARPA Lazio, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lazio Region, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Saurini
- ARPA Lazio, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lazio Region, Italy
| | | | - Sophie Lardy-Fontan
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), France
| | | | - Uwe Kunkel
- Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU), Germany
| | - Ola Svahn
- Kristianstad University, MoLab, Sweden
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Federal Environment Agency, Umweltbundesamt (GmbH), Austria
| | - Stefano De Martin
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Vito Gelao
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Michele Bazzichetto
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Peter Tarábek
- Water Research Institute (VÚVH), National Water Reference Laboratory, Slovakia
| | | | - Siniša Repec
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Croatia
| | - Dzintars Zacs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Latvia
| | - Marina Ricci
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Cintia Flores
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory/Organic Pollutants, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Spain
| | | | - Riin Rebane
- Estonian Environmental Research Centre, Estonia
| | - Juan Alández Rodríguez
- Área de Vigilancia y Control de Calidad de las Aguas, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, Spain
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Xu R, Liu S, Pan YF, Wu NN, Huang QY, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Xu XR, Cheng YY. Steroid metabolites as overlooked emerging contaminants: Insights from multimedia partitioning and source-sink simulation in an estuarine environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132673. [PMID: 37793261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroids have been attracting global attention given potential carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting effects, yet the environmental status of steroids, especially their metabolites, in estuarine environment remain largely unexplored. This study investigated 31 steroids and metabolites in suspended particulate matter (SPM), water phase and sediments of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) during the dry and wet seasons to elucidate their spatiotemporal patterning, partitioning behavior, and environmental fate. The results showed that natural steroids predominated in SPM and sediments while the metabolites predominated in water. The spatial distribution of steroids and metabolites varied seasonally, with hydrophobicity and environmental factors influencing phase partitioning in the estuary. Furthermore, a natural steroid, progesterone (P) could serve as a trustworthy chemical indicator to estimate the concentrations of steroids and metabolites in the PRE. Importantly, the mass budget of P was estimated using an improved multi-box mass balance model, revealing that outflow to the South China Sea was the primary sink of P in water (∼87%) and degradation was the primary sink of P in sediments (∼68%) of the PRE. Overall, this study offers insightful information about the distribution and environmental fate of steroids and metabolites in estuarine environment, with implications for future management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nian-Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Yuan-Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Xiang Q, Shen X, Li K, Wang Z, Zhao X, Chen Q. Occurrence, distribution, and environmental risk of 61 glucocorticoids in surface water of the Yellow River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167504. [PMID: 37783438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), as important endocrine disrupting compounds and emerging contaminants, could have irreversible adverse effects on aquatic organisms even at ng/L levels. However, previous studies have only focused on the dissolved concentrations of GCs in the water, and limited data are available for their occurrences in the solid phase. In this study, the occurrence, distribution, and environmental risks of 61 natural and synthetic GCs in surface water of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) were simultaneously analyzed by investigating water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples at 64 sites in six major rivers in the wet season. Overall, 51 GCs were detected in all samples from different matrices, and their concentrations were in the range of not detected (ND)-274 ng/L in water, ND-42 ng/g dry weight (dw) in SPM and ND-9.98 ng/g dw in sediment. Natural GCs were the dominant compounds in all samples, followed by synthetic halogenated esters. High concentrations of GCs were observed in discharge outlet samples from livestock farming, aquaculture and industrial production, and the composition differences of GCs between human/animal sources and industrial sources could be used as indicators to identify pollution sources. Most GCs were distributed in the water phase, while compounds with higher log octanol/water partition coefficients (log Kow) tended to be adsorbed to SPM and sediment. The spatial distribution of GCs was primarily affected by anthropogenic activities and hydrodynamic conditions. Four synthetic compounds (budesonide [BD], fluocinolone acetonide [FOA], fluticasone propionate [FP], and clobetasol propionate [CBSP]) were identified as the main contributors to GC activity with a combined contribution of 57 %-95 %. Risk assessment using the risk quotient revealed that low to moderate risks are posed to aquatic organisms in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Xiang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Kun Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xinkun Zhao
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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9
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Roveri V, Lopes Guimarães L, Correia AT. Prioritizing pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) based on occurrence-persistency-mobility-toxicity (OPMT) criteria: an application to the Brazilian scenario. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 34:1023-1039. [PMID: 38047444 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2287516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A study of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) was performed to assess the possible adverse effects of 25 pharmaceuticals commonly found in the Brazilian water compartments and to establish a ranking of environmental concern. The occurrence (O), the persistence (P), the mobility (M), and the toxicity (T) of these compounds in the Brazilian drinking water reservoirs were evaluated. Moreover, to verify the predicted OPMT dataset outcomes, a quality index (QI) was also developed and applied. The main results showed that: (i) after in silico predictions through VEGA QSAR, 19 from 25 pharmaceuticals consumed in Brazil were classified as persistent; (ii) moreover, after in silico predictions through OPERA QSAR, 15 among those 19 compounds considered persistent, were also classified as mobile or very mobile. On the other hand, the results of toxicity indicate that only 9 pharmaceuticals were classified with the highest toxicity level. Ultimately, the QI of 7 from 25 pharmaceuticals were categorized as 'optimal'; 15 pharmaceuticals were categorized as 'good'; and only 3 pharmaceuticals were categorized as 'regular'. Therefore, based on the QI criteria used, it is possible to assume that this OPMT prediction dataset had a good reliability. Efforts to reduce emissions of OPMT-pharmaceuticals in Brazilian drinking water reservoirs are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Roveri
- Departamento de Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, Brazil
- Laboratório de EcoFisiologia, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos, Brazil
| | - L Lopes Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos, Brazil
| | - A T Correia
- Laboratório de EcoFisiologia, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Escola das Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD-ECVA), Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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10
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Xu R, Liu S, Chen H, Hao QW, Hu YX, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Hong B, Yu S, Xu XR. An effective tool for tracking steroids and their metabolites at the watershed level: Combining fugacity modeling and a chemical indicator. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121499. [PMID: 36972813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Steroids have attracted concern worldwide because of their potential carcinogenicity and severe adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, the contamination status of various steroids, particularly their metabolites, at the watershed level remains unknown. This was the first study to employ field investigations to elucidate the spatiotemporal patterns, riverine fluxes, and mass inventories, and conduct a risk assessment of 22 steroids and their metabolites. This study also developed an effective tool for predicting the target steroids and their metabolites in a typical watershed based on the fugacity model combined with a chemical indicator. Thirteen steroids in the river water and seven steroids in sediments were identified with total concentrations of 1.0-76 ng/L and <LOQ-121 ng/g, respectively. In water, the levels of steroids were higher in the dry season, but the opposite trend was observed in sediments. Approximately 89 kg/a flux of steroids were transported from the river to the estuary. Mass inventories indicated that sediments acted as crucial sinks for steroids. Steroids in rivers might pose low to medium risks to aquatic organisms. Importantly, the fugacity model combined with a chemical indicator effectively simulated the steroid monitoring results within an order of magnitude at the watershed level, and various key sensitivity parameter settings provided reliable steroid concentration predictions under different circumstances. Our results should benefit environmental management and pollution control of steroids and their metabolites at the watershed level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Qin-Wei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yong-Xia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Bing Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
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11
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Liu S, Xu R, Pan YF, Huang QY, Wu NN, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Xu XR. Free and conjugated forms of metabolites are indispensable components of steroids: The first evidence from an estuarine food web. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119913. [PMID: 36996753 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Steroids have attracted particular attention as environmental contaminants because of their severe endocrine-disrupting effects. Previous studies have predominantly focused on parent steroids; however, the levels and proportions of the free and conjugated forms of their metabolites remain largely unclear, especially in food webs. Here, we first characterized the free and conjugated forms of parent steroids and their metabolites in 26 species in an estuarine food web. The steroids were dominated by their metabolites in water samples, whereas parent compounds were predominant in sediment samples. The total mean steroid concentrations in the biota samples that underwent non-enzymatic hydrolysis decreased in the following order: crabs (27 ng/g) > fish (5.9 ng/g) > snails (3.4 ng/g) > shrimps and sea cucumbers (1.2 ng/g); and those in the biota samples that underwent enzymatic hydrolysis decreased in the following order: crabs (57 ng/g) > snails (9.2 ng/g) > fish (7.9 ng/g) > shrimps and sea cucumbers (3.5 ng/g). The proportion of metabolites in the enzymatic hydrolysis biota samples was higher (38-79%) than that (2.9-65%) in non-enzymatic ones, indicating that the free and conjugated forms of metabolites in aquatic organisms were not negligible. Most synthetic steroids were either bioaccumulative or highly bioaccumulative. Importantly, in the invertebrate food web, 17α-methyltestosterone was biomagnified, while 17β-boldenone underwent trophic dilution. Although the estuarine water had a median ecological risk level, the health risks via aquatic product consumption were very low. This study provides novel insights into the composition and trophic transfer of steroids in an estuarine food web for the first time and highlights that free and conjugated metabolites should receive more attention, particularly in biota samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nian-Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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12
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Xu S, Wang W, Xu B, He X, Chen Z, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Fang Y, Wang Q. In vitro exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of norgestrel affects sperm physiology and reproductive success of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 186:105938. [PMID: 36870161 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Progestins in aquatic environments are of increasing concern, as shown by the results of toxicological studies on adult invertebrates with external fertilization. However, their potential effects on the gametes and reproductive success of such animals remain largely unknown. Thus, the current study assessed the effect of in vitro exposure of environmentally relevant concentrations (10 ng/L and 1000 ng/L) of norgestrel (NGT) on the sperm of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, analyzing sperm motility, ultrastructure, mitochondrial function, ATP status, characteristic enzyme activities, and DNA integrity underlying fertilization and hatching success. The results showed that NGT increased the percentage of motile sperm by elevating intracellular Ca2+ levels, Ca2+-ATPase activity, creatine kinase activity, and ATP content. Although superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced to eliminate reactive oxygen species generated by NGT, oxidative stress occurred, as indicated by the increase in malonaldehyde content and damage to plasma membranes and DNA. As a consequence, fertilization rates decreased. However, hatching rates did not alter significantly, possibly as a result of DNA repair processes. This study demonstrates oyster sperm as a useful, sensitive tool for toxicological research of progestins and provides ecologically relevant information on reproductive disturbance in oysters resulting from exposure to NGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Xin He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Zhixu Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yan Fang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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13
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Davarnejad R, Sarvmeili K, Safari Z, Kennedy JF. Estrogen adsorption from an aqueous solution on the chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124224. [PMID: 36990402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
In this research, chitosan nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable adsorbent with adsorption capacity of 5.79 mg/g, surface area of 62 m2/g and pHpzc of 8.07 were applied to remove the ethinylestradiol (as a sample of estrogen) from an aqueous wastewater. The chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, XRD and FT-IR analyses. Four independent variables involving contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial concentration of estrogen were applied to design the experiments by Design Expert software (CCD under RSM). In fact, number of experiments was minimized and the operating conditions were optimized for the maximum estrogen removal. The results indicated that three independent variables (contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH) increment increased the estrogen removal while the estrogen initial concentration enhancement decreased the removal due to the concentration polarization phenomenon. The optimum conditions for the estrogen removal (92.50 %) on the chitosan nanoparticles were found at contact time of 220 min, adsorbent dosage of 1.45 g/l, pH of 7.3 and estrogen initial concentration of 5.7 mg/l. Moreover, the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order models could properly legitimize estrogen adsorption process on the chitosan nanoparticles.
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14
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Argolo ADS, Gomes G, Bila DM. (Anti)estrogenic activity impacted by complex environmental matrices: A DOM and multiphase distribution approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136917. [PMID: 36272630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of estrogenic endocrine disruptors in aquatic environments has been a concern and bioassays are recommended tools for their monitoring. However, the physicochemical properties of contaminants and the environmental matrix features may influence the resultant response. This study aimed to assess this influence on the Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay. Mixtures of 17β-estradiol (E2) and humic acid (HA) were evaluated through the Schild approach aiming to investigate the interactions between estrogens and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Moreover, environmental samples from municipal landfill leachate and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and effluents were screened for (anti)estrogenic activity at both dissolved and particulate phases. Finally, results were statistically confronted with physicochemical parameters through principal component analysis (PCA). The HA test concentrations strongly reduced the E2 response, even at low levels. Humic substances may not only reduce estrogen bioavailability, but also interfere with the assay mechanism through enzymatic inhibition thus masking the sample estrogenic potential. Landfill leachate had total E2-Eq in the range 1282-2591 ng L-1, while WWTP influent and effluent were in the range 12.1-41.4 and <DL-2.3 ng L-1, so estrogenicity was reduced 92% in average. Particulate phase was responsible for 33-100% of measured E2-Eq between matrices, though cytotoxicity occurred in some extracts. Antiestrogenic activity was observed in both phases and might also have masked the estrogenicity of samples. PCA did not resulted in positive correlations supporting a multiphase distribution pattern of estrogenic compounds. Nevertheless, the solids and organic matter characteristics supported the data interpretation. In conclusion, the in vitro YES assay is subjected to factors intrinsic to the environmental sample that can influence on the measured estrogenic response. Therefore, results interpretation should be performed together with organic matter characterization parameters, cytotoxicity and antiestrogenic activity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Dos Santos Argolo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Giselle Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniele Maia Bila
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Odinga ES, Zhou X, Mbao EO, Ali Q, Waigi MG, Shiraku ML, Ling W. Distribution, ecological fate, and risks of steroid estrogens in environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136370. [PMID: 36113656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, steroidal estrogens (SEs) such as 17α-ethylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2),17α-estradiol (17α-E2), estriol (E3) and estrone (E1) have elicited worldwide attention due to their potentially harmful effects on human health and aquatic organisms even at low concentration ng/L. Natural steroidal estrogens exhibit greater endocrine disruption potency due to their high binding effect on nuclear estrogen receptors (ER). However, less has been explored regarding their associated environmental risks and fate. A comprehensive bibliometric study of the current research status of SEs was conducted using the Web of Science to assess the development trends and current knowledge of SEs in the last two decades, from 2001 to 2021 October. The number of publications has tremendously increased from 2003 to 2021. We summarized the contamination status and the associated ecological risks of SEs in different environmental compartments. The results revealed that SEs are ubiquitous in surface waters and natural SEs are most studied. We further carried out an in-depth evaluation and synthesis of major research hotspots and the dominant SEs in the matrices were E1, 17β-E2, 17α-E2, E3 and EE2. Nonetheless, investigations of SEs in soils, groundwater, and sediments remain scarce. This study elucidates SEs distribution, toxicological risks, ecological fate and mitigation measures, which will be beneficial for future monitoring, management, and risk assessment. Further studies are recommended to assess the toxicological risks of different SEs in complex environmental matrices to pursue a more precise and holistic quantitative estimation of estrogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Evance Omondi Mbao
- Department of Geosciences and the Environment, The Technical University of Kenya, PO Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Margaret L Shiraku
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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16
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Yan L, Rong Q, Zhang H, Jones KC, Li Y, Luo J. Evaluation and Application of a Novel Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films Technique for In Situ Monitoring of Glucocorticoids in Natural Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15499-15507. [PMID: 36256587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential environmental risks of glucocorticoids (GCs) have attracted attention in the past few decades. In this study, a novel diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) device and analytical technique based on the second generation of polar enhanced phase (PEP-2), PEP-2-DGT, were developed for sampling and quantifying natural and synthetic GCs in aquatic systems. The capacity of PEP-2 gels for accumulating all target compounds was >600 μg per disc, sufficient for long-term passive sampling of selected GCs, even in wastewaters. Systematic tests were carried out to verify the application of DGT in natural waters and wastewaters. The performance of PEP-2-DGT devices was independent (CDGT/Csoln was in the acceptable range of 0.9-1.1) of a wide range of environmental conditions: ionic strength (0.001-0.5 mol L-1), dissolved organic matter (0-20 mg L-1), and pH (3.06-9.02). It was tested for various diffusive layer thicknesses (0.565-2.065 mm) and different deployment times (10-168 h). Diffusion coefficients (D) of selected GCs through an agarose-based diffusive gel were determined for the first time (3.80-4.85 × 10-6 cm-2 s -1 at 25 °C). Linear correlations between D and log Kow were established for three groups of target GCs (R2 = 0.96-0.99). This could enable prediction of D values for other GCs with similar structures in the future, which will help for rapid screening and emergency monitoring. Concentrations and distribution patterns of analytes obtained by PEP-2-DGT devices in five rivers after 7- and 14-day deployments were in accordance with those measured from grab samples, with total GC concentrations ranging from 7 to 27 ng L-1 at all sampling sites, confirming the reliability and robustness of the DGT devices for monitoring GCs in natural waters. The development of the new DGT technique will help improve understanding of the behavior and fate of these compounds in the aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Rong
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yanying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, P. R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning116023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, P. R. China
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17
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Selahle SK, Mpupa A, Nqombolo A, Nomngongo PN. A nanostructured o-hydroxyazobenzene porous organic polymer as an effective sorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of selected hormones and insecticides in river water. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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18
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Hua J, Zhu B, Guo W, Wang X, Guo Y, Yang L, Han J, Zhou B. Endocrine disrupting effects induced by levonorgestrel linked to altered DNA methylation in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109332. [PMID: 35351618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Progestins are worldwide environmental contaminants, however, their ecotoxicological risks and underlying molecular mechanisms of effects are not fully understood. In this study, newly hatched rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) larvae were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations (1 and 10 ng/L) of levonorgestrel (LNG) for 6 months. The sex ratios were not affected by LNG at both concentrations, but the growth was significantly inhibited at 10 ng/L while promoted at 1 ng/L. Histological analysis revealed impaired gonadal development. Plasma concentrations of estradiol in females and testosterone in both sexes were significantly induced after exposure to 1 ng/L LNG; plasma concentrations of 11-ketotestosterone were markedly increased in females exposed to 10 ng/L LNG and in males exposed to both concentrations of LNG. The transcription of cyp19a1a was significantly up-regulated in ovaries exposed to LNG at both concentrations, while cyp17a1 was down-regulated in testes exposed to 10 ng/L LNG. The global DNA methylation level was significantly decreased in testes exposed to 10 ng/L LNG, which might be associated with inhibited spermatogenesis. Gender-specific changes in CpG methylation patterns were induced by LNG in the 5' flanking region of cyp19a1a, with hypomethylation in ovaries but hypermethylation in testes, which was linked to the regulation of cyp19a1a transcription. The results suggest that LNG could induce endocrine disrupting effects in fish at environmentally realistic concentrations, which may be linked to altered DNA methylation. This study indicates potentially high ecological risk of LNG to fish populations, and warrants researches on regulatory mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in progestin-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghuan Hua
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Biran Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Guo W, Li J, Luo M, Mao Y, Yu X, Elskens M, Baeyens W, Gao Y. Estrogenic activity and ecological risk of steroids, bisphenol A and phthalates after secondary and tertiary sewage treatment processes. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 214:118189. [PMID: 35184019 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) are an important source of estrogenic substances to the receiving water bodies affecting their ecological safety. In this study, steroids, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates were assessed in the secondary (SE) and tertiary effluent (TE) of three typical urban STPs in Beijing (China). In addition, the overall estrogenic activity in these effluents was assessed by an in-vitro bioassay (ERE-CALUX). Results showed that the concentrations and activities of estrogenic compounds in TE were lower than those in SE. The residual concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2) was the highest among the detected steroids, accounting for 51.6 ± 5.1% in SE and 57.5 ± 24.8% in TE. The residual level (25.2-41.6 ng/L) of BPA in effluents was significantly higher than that of steroids (0.2-28.8 ng/L). The residual concentration of diethyl phthalate was the highest among the detected phthalates accounting for 47.1 ± 5.1% in SE and 37.6 ± 11.5% in TE. Steroids and BPA had a higher removal rate (83.5% and 96.7%) in secondary and tertiary treatment than phthalates (68.8% and 83.1%). The hydrophobic characteristics of these estrogenic compounds determined the removal mechanism. The removal of steroids, BPA, dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate (LogKow= 1.61-4.15) mainly occurred through biodegradation in the water phase, while the removal of dibutyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (LogKow= 4.27-7.50) mainly occurred in the solid phase after adsorption on and sedimentation of the suspended particulate matter. According to ERE-CALUX, the estrogenic activity in the final STP effluents was 3.2-45.6 ng E2-equivalents/L, which is higher than reported levels in the effluents of European STPs. Calculation of estrogenic equivalents by using substance specific chemical analysis indicated that the dominant contributor was E2 (56.4-88.4%), followed by 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) (4.1-34.8%), both also exerting a moderate risk to the aquatic ecosystem. While the upgrade of treatment processes in STPs has efficiently reduced the emission of estrogenic substances, their ecological risk was not yet phased out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mingyue Luo
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Yan Mao
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center of MEE, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiangyi Yu
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center of MEE, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Marc Elskens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium.
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20
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Lu Z, Xu Y, Akbari MZ, Liang C, Peng L. Insight into integration of photocatalytic and microbial wastewater treatment technologies for recalcitrant organic pollutants: From sequential to simultaneous reactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133952. [PMID: 35167831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The more and more stringent environmental standards for recalcitrant organic pollutants pushed forward the development of integration of photocatalytic and microbial wastewater treatment technologies. The past studies proposed mainly two typical integration ways: a) Independent sequence of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ISPB) conducting the sequential reactions; b) Intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) conducting the simultaneous reactions. Although ICPB has received more attraction recently due to its novelty, ISPB gives an edge in certain cases. The article reviews the state-of-the-art ISPB and ICPB studies to comprehensively compare the two systems. The strengths and weaknesses of ISPB and ICPB regarding the treatment efficiency, cost, toxicity endurance and flexibility are contradistinguished. The reactor set-ups, photocatalysts, microbial characteristics of ISPB and ICPB are summarized. The applications for different kinds of recalcitrant compounds are elaborated to give a holistic view of the removal efficiencies and transformation pathways by the two technologies. Currently, in-depth understandings about the interference among mixed pollutants, co-existing components and key parameters in realistic wastewater are urgently needed. The long-term and large-scale application cases of the integration technologies are still rare. Overall, we conclude that both ISPB and ICPB technologies are reaching maturity while challenges still exist for two systems especially regarding the reliability, economy and generalization for realistic wastewater treatment plants. Future research should not only manage to reduce the cost and energy consumption by upgrading reactors and developing novel catalysts, but also attach importance to the cocktail effects of wastewater during the sequential or simultaneous photocatalysis and biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mohammad Zahir Akbari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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21
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Synthetic Progestins in Waste and Surface Waters: Concentrations, Impacts and Ecological Risk. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040163. [PMID: 35448424 PMCID: PMC9026682 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic progestins (PGs) are a large family of hormones used in continuously growing amounts in human and animal contraception and medicinal therapies. Because wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are unable to eradicate PGs after excretion, they are discharged into aquatic systems, where they can also be regenerated from conjugated PG metabolites. This review summarises the concentrations of 12 PGs in waters from 2015 to 2021. The selected PGs were considered of particular interest due to their wide use, activity, and hormonal derivation (from testosterone, progesterone, and spirolactone). We concluded that PGs had been analysed in WWTPs influents and effluents and, to a lesser extent, in other matrices, including surface waters, where their concentrations range from ng/L to a few µg/L. Because of their high affinity for cell hormone receptors, PGs are endocrine disruptor compounds that may alter the reproductive fitness and development of biota. This review focused on their biological effects in fish, which are the most used aquatic model organisms to qualify the impacts of PGs, highlighting the risks that environmental concentrations pose to their health, fecundity, and fertility. It is concluded that PGs research should be expanded because of the still limited data on their environmental concentrations and effects.
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22
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Yu Q, Yang X, Zhao F, Hu X, Ren H, Geng J. Occurrence and removal of progestogens from wastewater treatment plants in China: Spatiotemporal variation and process comparison. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118038. [PMID: 35045367 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the overall occurrence and spatiotemporal variation of 19 progestogens in 608 samples collected from 17 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) distributed across China during four seasons. The aqueous removal efficiencies of progestogens were calculated and the efficacies of process segments, secondary and advanced processes, and process units in the removal of progestogens were explored. The results indicated that progestogens were widely detected in investigating WWTPs, with the progesterone, dydrogesterone, dienogest, ethisterone, and norethindrone were always dominant in the influent, secondary effluent, final effluent, and excess sludge. Seasonally, the influent exhibited more variability than the other matrices, that 10 progestogens concentrations varied significantly during the four seasons. Spatially, the influent concentrations of progestogens were generally higher in northern WWTPs than that in southern WWTPs during spring and summer. Eight progestogens were stably removed by the WWTPs across seasons, and most progestogens varied considerably in removal in different WWTPs. The conventional process segment was the dominant contributor to progestogen removal. The anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process and a combined process consisting of densadeg and cloth media filter and ultraviolet disinfection showed the highest removal of progestogens among various secondary and advanced treatment processes, respectively. Mass balance analysis showed that most progestogens were effectively eliminated in the aerobic unit, with biodegradation being the primary removal pathway. This study presents the first picture of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the distribution of progestogens in WWTPs of China and provides valuable information for better understanding of the occurrence and removal of progestogens in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fuzheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Anning West Road No. 88, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xianda Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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23
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Liu S, Tian F, Pan YF, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Zhang LB, Zhang Z, Liu SS, Xu XR, Cheng YY, Chen HG. Contamination and ecological risks of steroid metabolites require more attention in the environment: Evidence from the fishing ports. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150814. [PMID: 34626635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to strong endocrine disrupting effects, steroids in the environment have attracted substantial attention, with studies mostly focusing on the parent steroids. Here, we conducted the first investigation on the contamination profiles, possible sources, mass inventories, and ecological risks of 27 steroids and their metabolites in 15 typical fishing ports in Southeast China. Twelve steroids were detectable in the sediment samples with the total mean concentrations of 4.6-35 ng/g. High proportions of steroid metabolites were measured in the sediments and five metabolites were newly observed. Untreated municipal sewage and aquaculture wastes constitute the possible steroid sources in the studied fishing ports. The total inventories of steroids in fishing ports ranged from 2.1-16 mg/m2, with their metabolites being important contributors. The ecological risk analysis indicated high risks across all sampling sites mainly due to the contributions of parent steroids. Furthermore, our results found that progesterone is an acceptable chemical indicator for various steroids in sediments. This study provides the first evidence of steroid metabolites in the marine environment, calling for more studies in environmental behavior and ecotoxicology of steroid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yun-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hai-Gang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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24
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Simon E, Duffek A, Stahl C, Frey M, Scheurer M, Tuerk J, Gehrmann L, Könemann S, Swart K, Behnisch P, Olbrich D, Brion F, Aït-Aïssa S, Pasanen-Kase R, Werner I, Vermeirssen ELM. Biological effect and chemical monitoring of Watch List substances in European surface waters: Steroidal estrogens and diclofenac - Effect-based methods for monitoring frameworks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107033. [PMID: 34979407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three steroidal estrogens, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac have been included in the first Watch List of the Water Framework Directive (WFD, EU Directive 2000/60/EC, EU Implementing Decision 2015/495). This triggered the need for more EU-wide surface water monitoring data on these micropollutants, before they can be considered for inclusion in the list of priority substances regularly monitored in aquatic ecosystems. The revision of the priority substance list of the WFD offers the opportunity to incorporate more holistic bioanalytical approaches, such as effect-based monitoring, alongside single substance chemical monitoring. Effect-based methods (EBMs) are able to measure total biological activities (e.g., estrogenic activity or cyxlooxygenase [COX]-inhibition) of specific group of substances (such as estrogens and NSAIDs) in the aquatic environment at low concentrations (pg/L). This makes them potential tools for a cost-effective and ecotoxicologically comprehensive water quality assessment. In parallel, the use of such methods could build a bridge from chemical status assessments towards ecological status assessments by adressing mixture effects for relevant modes of action. Our study aimed to assess the suitability of implementing EBMs in the WFD, by conducting a large-scale sampling and analysis campaign of more than 70 surface waters across Europe. This resulted in the generation of high-quality chemical and effect-based monitoring data for the selected Watch List substances. Overall, water samples contained low estrogenicity (0.01-1.3 ng E2-Equivalent/L) and a range of COX-inhibition activity similar to previously reported levels (12-1600 ng Diclofenac-Equivalent/L). Comparison between effect-based and conventional analytical chemical methods showed that the chemical analytical approach for steroidal estrogens resulted in more (76%) non-quantifiable data, i.e., concentrations were below detection limits, compared to the EBMs (28%). These results demonstrate the excellent and sensitive screening capability of EBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Simon
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Anja Duffek
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cordula Stahl
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Zellkulturtechnik, c/o University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Frey
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Zellkulturtechnik, c/o University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marco Scheurer
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Linda Gehrmann
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Könemann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kees Swart
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Behnisch
- National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Daniel Olbrich
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Franҫois Brion
- State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Labour Directorate Section Chemicals and Work, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selim Aït-Aïssa
- State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Labour Directorate Section Chemicals and Work, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Pasanen-Kase
- State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Labour Directorate Section Chemicals and Work, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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25
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Goeury K, Vo Duy S, Munoz G, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Assessment of automated off-line solid-phase extraction LC-MS/MS to monitor EPA priority endocrine disruptors in tap water, surface water, and wastewater. Talanta 2022; 241:123216. [PMID: 35042051 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
EPA method 539.1 recently introduced an expanded list of priority endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), some of which were also included in the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 3 (UCMR3). Though standardized methods are available for drinking water, analysis of steroid hormones and bisphenol A (BPA) at the ultra-trace level remains challenging. This study set out to evaluate the suitability of automated off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of EPA-priority EDCs in environmental water matrixes (tap water, surface water, and wastewater influents and effluents). The target molecules included 14 steroid hormones (altrenogest, androstenedione, equilenin, equilin, α-estradiol, β-estradiol, estriol, estrone, ethinylestradiol, levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, norethindrone, progesterone, testosterone) and BPA. Factors that may influence the analytical performance were assessed. This involved, for instance, testing combinations of SPE materials from different brands and protocol variations. Several materials presented absolute extraction efficiencies in acceptable ranges. Initial sample pH, nature of reconstitution medium, and mobile phase salt concentration were among the potential factors affecting analyte signal. Storage conditions (different preservative agents) possibly exerted the strongest influence, in agreement with the literature. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.03-0.5 ng/L in drinking water, 0.1-0.5 ng/L in surface water, and 0.16-1 ng/L in wastewater. Method validation also involved testing linearity, accuracy, and precision in reagent water and matrix-matched extracted calibrants. The method was applied to field-collected water samples in Eastern Canada. Summed EDC concentrations remained low in tap water (<LOQ-0.92 ng/L), while higher detection frequencies and contamination levels were reported in riverine surface waters (2.6-37 ng/L) and municipal wastewaters (10-424 ng/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Goeury
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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26
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Zhong R, Zou H, Gao J, Wang T, Bu Q, Wang ZL, Hu M, Wang Z. A critical review on the distribution and ecological risk assessment of steroid hormones in the environment in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147452. [PMID: 33975111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During past two decades, steroid hormones have raised significant public concerns due to their potential adverse effects on the hormonal functions of aquatic organisms and humans. Considering China being a big producer and consumer of steroid hormones, we summarize the current contamination status of steroid hormones in different environmental compartments in China, and preliminarily assess the associated risks to ecological systems. The results show that steroid hormones are ubiquitously present in Chinese surface waters where estrogens are the most studied steroids compared with androgens, progestogens and glucocorticoids. Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and estriol (E3) are generally the dominant steroid estrogens in Chinese surface waters, whereas for the other steroids, androsterone (ADR), epi-androsterone (EADR), progesterone (PGT), cortisol (CRL) and cortisone (CRN) have relatively large contributions. Meanwhile, the investigations for the other environmental media such as particles, sediments, soils and groundwater have been limited, as well as for steroid conjugates and metabolites. The median risk quotients of most steroid hormones in surface waters and sediments are lower than 1, indicating low to moderate risks to local organisms. This review provides a full picture of steroid distribution and ecological risks in China, which may be useful for future monitoring and risk assessment. More studies may focus on the analysis of steroid conjugates, metabolites, solid phase fractions, analytical method development and acute/chronic toxicities in different matrices to pursue a more precise and holistic risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Meng Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, No. 55 Wenhua Street, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Chair of Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Cha J, Hong S, Lee J, Gwak J, Kim M, Kim T, Hur J, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Novel polar AhR-active chemicals detected in sediments of an industrial area using effect-directed analysis based on in vitro bioassays with full-scan high resolution mass spectrometric screening. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146566. [PMID: 34030261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in the environment typically focus on non- and mid-polar substances, such as PAHs; while, information on polar AhR agonists remains limited. Here, we identified polar AhR agonists in sediments collected from the inland creeks of an industrialized area (Lake Sihwa, Korea) using effect-directed analysis combined with full-scan screening analysis (FSA; using LC-QTOFMS). Strong AhR-mediated potencies were observed for the polar and latter fractions of RP-HPLC (F3.5-F3.8) from sediment organic extracts in the H4IIE-luc in vitro bioassays. FSA was performed on the corresponding fractions. Twenty-eight tentative AhR agonists were chosen using a five-step process. Toxicological confirmation using bioassay revealed that canrenone, rutaecarpine, ciprofloxacin, mepanipyrim, genistein, protopine, hydrocortisone, and medroxyprogesterone were significantly active. The relative potencies of these AhR-active compounds compared to that of benzo[a]pyrene ranged from 0.00002 to 2.0. Potency balance analysis showed that polar AhR agonists explained, on average, ~6% of total AhR-mediated potencies in samples. Some novel polar AhR agonists also exhibited endocrine-disrupting potentials capable of binding to estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors, as identified by QSAR modeling. In conclusion, the focused studies on distributions, sources, fate, and ecotoxicological effects of novel polar AhR agonists in the environment are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Cha
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Gwak
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungi Kim
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Dosis I, Ricci M, Emteborg H, Emons H. A journey towards whole water certified reference materials for organic substances: measuring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as required by the European Union Water Framework Directive. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2283-2293. [PMID: 33598757 PMCID: PMC7987604 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force in the European Union with the aim of protecting and improving water quality. The priority substances established to be monitored are predominantly organic compounds, for which the WFD sets the requirement of 'whole water sample' analysis. This legislative requirement poses analytical challenges for the monitoring laboratories as well as technical challenges for reference materials producers. In the past, there were attempts to produce reference materials as quality assurance/quality control tools for measuring organic priority substances in whole water. A critical reflection on the approaches and solutions applied to prepare such kind of matrix reference materials is presented along with a discussion on the difficulties encountered by the analytical laboratories in analysing such complex matrices. The Certified Reference Material (CRM) ERM-CA100 can be considered as a pioneer for a 'whole water' CRM (containing humic acids) and has been designed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Further developments seem to be necessary to upgrade the design towards a CRM which will also include suspended particulate matter, another basic constituent of natural surface water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Dosis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
- German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Marina Ricci
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium.
| | - Håkan Emteborg
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Emons
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
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Chen J, Liu SS, Wang YJ, Li J, Liu YS, Yang F, Ying GG. Optimized constructed wetlands enhance the removal and reduce the risks of steroid hormones in domestic wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143773. [PMID: 33234274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland (CW) has been proved to be a reliable wastewater treatment technology for removal of various contaminants. However, the removal of specific contaminants such as steroid hormones by wetlands without optimized design parameters would be unstable. Here we investigated the removal mechanism of steroid hormones by constructed wetlands, and optimized various design parameters for the removal of these contaminants in wastewater. Four CW systems with different designs (artificial aeration or series wetland unit) were constructed outdoors to treat raw domestic sewage. The results showed that 9 steroid hormones were detected at concentrations from 7.13 ± 0.28 ng/L to 3040 ± 199 ng/L, with their removal rates ranged from 14.7 ± 3.04% to 100% by these CWs. It was also found that enhanced designs including aeration and series wetland unit can effectively improve the removal of steroid hormones. Combined with ecological risk assessment, CW4 (aerated VSSF CW and aerated HSSF CW combination) was the best design for removal of steroid hormones, but CW2 (VSSF CW with artificial aeration) may be better for urban areas with limited space. Based on mass balance calculation, biodegradation played a dominant role in removing steroid hormones by CWs, while substrate adsorption and plant uptake also played a limited role. The findings from this study suggest that CWs can be optimized to better remove steroid hormones in sewage before discharge into receiving environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Life and Health of River & Lake, Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou 510611, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yi-Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Life and Health of River & Lake, Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Life and Health of River & Lake, Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Life and Health of River & Lake, Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Argolo ADS, Gomes G, Bila DM. Insights into total estrogenic activity in a sewage-impacted urban stream assessed via ER transcriptional activation assay: Distribution between particulate and dissolved phases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111574. [PMID: 33396100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are exogenous substances that can potentially mimic hormonal substances and cause adverse effects on the endocrine system of living beings. The behavior and fate of these compounds in the environment is directly related to their physical-chemical properties, which indicate great affinity for solid and organic particles and suggest an inherent mechanism of fractionation between dissolved and particulate phases of aqueous matrices. However, few studies have been considering this fact when quantifying these pollutants and their effects through bioassays. In this study, the fractionation of estrogenic substances between dissolved and particulate phases in an urban stream was investigated via estrogenic activity evaluation by the YES assay. Two fractions of suspended solids (< 0.7 µm and between 0.45 and 0.7 µm) and the dissolved phase were considered and two approaches of SPE percolations were applied. Total estradiol equivalent (E2-Eq) values were observed in the 29-65 ng L-1 range, of which 35-62% were associated with the particulate phase. Most of the estrogenicity was associated with particles between 0.45 and 0.7 µm, whereas cytotoxicity was induced by extracts of particles greater than 0.7 µm. Results demonstrated the importance of solid fractions analysis towards the quantification of total estrogenic activity from aqueous environmental matrices and highlights the relevance of controlling fine suspended solids in sewage treatment plant effluents, regarding the control of endocrine disrupters in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Dos Santos Argolo
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Giselle Gomes
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maia Bila
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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31
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Wang P, Sun Q, Wan R, Du Q, Xia X. Progesterone affects the transcription of genes in the circadian rhythm signaling and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes and changes the sex ratio in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:103378. [PMID: 32279014 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is an extensively applied progestin in human and veterinary medicine that has been widely detected in ambient aquatic environments, which can be detrimental to the health of aquatic organisms. Here we investigate the long-term effects of P4 on the transcription of genes related to the circadian rhythm signaling pathway and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes in the crucian carp, which may have a potentially negative on endocrine-disrupting and sex differentiation impacts. Our results suggest that the expression of genes associated with the circadian rhythm signaling pathway are altered following exposure for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 d, leading to disorders in the endocrine system disorders and the regulation of HPG axes-related gene expression. These maladies may affect gonadal development and the reproductive systems of crucian carp and provide a plausible mechanism for the observed change in sex ratio toward females after 180 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruyan Wan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiyan Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
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Čelić M, Škrbić BD, Insa S, Živančev J, Gros M, Petrović M. Occurrence and assessment of environmental risks of endocrine disrupting compounds in drinking, surface and wastewaters in Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114344. [PMID: 32443213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study is the first comprehensive monitoring of 13 selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in untreated urban and industrial wastewater in Serbia to assess their impact on the Danube River basin and associated freshwaters used as sources for drinking water production in the area. Results showed that natural and synthetic estrogens were present in surface and wastewater at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 64.8 ng L-1. Nevertheless, they were not detected in drinking water. For alkylphenols concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 78.3 ng L-1 in wastewater and from 0.1 to 37.2 ng L-1 in surface water, while in drinking water concentrations varied from 0.4 to 7.9 ng L-1. Bisphenol A (BPA) was the most abundant compound in all water types, with frequencies of detection ranging from 57% in drinking water, to 70% in surface and 84% in wastewater. Potential environmental risks were characterized by calculating the risk quotients (RQs) and the estrogenic activity of EDCs in waste, surface and drinking water samples, as an indicator of their potential detrimental effects. RQ values of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were the highest, exceeding the threshold value of 1 in 60% of wastewater samples, while in surface water E1 displayed potential risks in only two samples. Total estrogenic activity (EEQt) surpassed the threshold of 1 ng E2 L-1 in about 67% of wastewater samples, and in 3 surface water samples. In drinking water, EEQt was below 1 ng L-1 in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Čelić
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Biljana D Škrbić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, Serbia.
| | - Sara Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jelena Živančev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, Serbia
| | - Meritxell Gros
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Sacdal R, Madriaga J, Espino MP. Overview of the analysis, occurrence and ecological effects of hormones in lake waters in Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109091. [PMID: 31927242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hormones are natural and synthetic compounds that are now being detected in the aquatic environment. Many lakes in Asia are important water sources that may be affected by these emerging contaminants. Lakes are drains and reservoirs of watersheds that are altered by changing land use and environmental conditions. While there are several studies on the detection of hormones in lakes, these studies were mostly done in China. Limited information is available on the presence of these contaminants in the lakes in other Asian countries. Hormones in the lake water come from discharge waters in urban areas, farm runoffs, and effluents of wastewater and sewage treatment plants. Hormones contamination in water has been shown to affect the reproduction and growth of certain aquatic organisms. In this review, a background on the chemical nature and physiological functions of hormones is provided and the existing knowledge on the occurrence and ecological impacts of hormones in lakes is described. The available analytical methods for sampling, analyte extraction and instrumental analysis are outlined. This overview provides insights on the current conditions of lakes that may be impacted by hormones contamination. Understanding the levels and possible ecological consequences will address the issues on these emerging contaminants especially in the Asian environment. This will elicit discussions on improving guidelines on wastewater discharges and will drive future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosselle Sacdal
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Jonalyn Madriaga
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Maria Pythias Espino
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
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He J, Zhou Q, Guo J, Gao J, Fang F. Incredulity on assumptions for the simplified Bohart-Adams model: 17a-ethinylestradiol separation in lab-scale anthracite columns. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121501. [PMID: 31704115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the original Bohart-Adams model was employed to analyze the experimental data of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) separation in lab-scale anthracite columns with low initial concentration. Besides, the assumptions for the simplified Bohart-Adams model were calculated and discussed. The results revealed that the breakthrough curves of EE2 separation in anthracite columns under different conditions were asymmetrical N-shaped and could be divided into three parts. The third part of the breakthrough curves was successfully fitted by the original Bohart-Adams model with high R2 values (higher than 0.918) and low ARS values (less than 0.141). As expected, the assumptions for the simplified Bohart-Adams model were not tenable during the whole experiment process. As a result, the EE2 separation capacities (N0° and N0s) obtained from the original and simplified Bohart-Adams model were quite different, and most N0° values were greater than N0s values. The N0° value used to evaluate the pollutant separation capacity in lab-scale column would be more accurate. In addition, physical interception and chemical adsorption simultaneously worked in the EE2 separation in anthracite columns. Physical interception and bed depth in anthracite columns at low flow rate were related in quadratic function (R2 > 0.988).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Junmin Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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Gao P, Liang Z, Zhao Z, Wang W, Yang C, Hu B, Cui F. Enhanced adsorption of steroid estrogens by one-pot synthesized phenyl-modified mesoporous silica: Dependence on phenyl-organosilane precursors and pH condition. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:438-449. [PMID: 31228846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the phenyl-modified mesoporous materials were successfully synthesized using phenyl-organosilanes (trimethoxyphenylsilane and triethoxyphenylsilanea) by one-pot co-condensation method for the removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2). Both the triethoxyphenylsilane-modified material (20%EtPh-MCM-41) and trimethoxyphenylsilane-modified material (20%MePh-MCM-41) could rapidly achieve equilibrium in 30 min at low adsorbent dosage of 0.025 g L-1. But the different hydrolysable groups of trimethoxyphenylsilane and triethoxyphenylsilane led to the discrepancies in physicochemical properties of the 20%EtPh-MCM-41 and 20%MePh-MCM-41, and thus affected adsorption performance. The 20%EtPh-MCM-41 exhibited the faster estrogen adsorption rates expressed in pseudo-second-order kinetic constant than the 20%MePh-MCM-41 due to the more hydrophobicity. Conversely, the 20%MePh-MCM-41 had much more estrogen adsorption capacities than the 20%EtPh-MCM-41 because of the more available adsorption sites. The addition of the phenyl-organosilane improved estrogen adsorption by π-π and hydrophobic interactions, and the Langmuir-model-based maximum adsorption amounts could reach 99.02, 83.47, and 53.60 mg g-1 for EE2, E2, and E1, respectively. But excessive concentration of phenyl-organosilane decreased adsorption capacities due to poor pore structure. Alkaline solution, which induced estrogen deprotonation and negative surface charge of absorbents, inhibited estrogen adsorption by electrostatic repulsion and the decreased hydrophobic interaction, but acidic and neutral solutions, ionic strength, and humic acid did not significantly affect estrogen removal. This work not only showed the high potential of trimethoxyphenylsilane-modified MCM-41 used in water purification for steroid estrogens, but also demonstrated the suitable selection of organosilane precursors was key in producing favorable materials with designed functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Zhijie Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Bibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Fuyi Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
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Abstract
In the race to enhance agricultural productivity, irrigation will become more dependent on poorly characterized and virtually unmonitored sources of water. Increased use of irrigation water has led to impaired water and soil quality in many areas. Historically, soil salinization and reduced crop productivity have been the primary focus of irrigation water quality. Recently, there is increasing evidence for the occurrence of geogenic contaminants in water. The appearance of trace elements and an increase in the use of wastewater has highlighted the vulnerability and complexities of the composition of irrigation water and its role in ensuring proper crop growth, and long-term food quality. Analytical capabilities of measuring vanishingly small concentrations of biologically-active organic contaminants, including steroid hormones, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, in a variety of irrigation water sources provide the means to evaluate uptake and occurrence in crops but do not resolve questions related to food safety or human health effects. Natural and synthetic nanoparticles are now known to occur in many water sources, potentially altering plant growth and food standard. The rapidly changing quality of irrigation water urgently needs closer attention to understand and predict long-term effects on soils and food crops in an increasingly fresh-water stressed world.
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Yu Q, Geng J, Zong X, Zhang Y, Xu K, Hu H, Deng Y, Zhao F, Ren H. Occurrence and removal of progestagens in municipal wastewater treatment plants from different regions in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:1191-1199. [PMID: 31018459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Progestagens discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have increasingly gained attention due to their potential risks to the aquatic organisms. However, limited information is available on the occurrence and removal of various progestagens in WWTPs in different cities of China. This work investigated the occurrence and removal of 11 progestagens in 21 WWTPs from 19 Chinese cities. Results showed that progestagens are widely distributed in the investigated WWTPs, with higher influent concentrations of total progestagens in northern WWTPs. The concentration of progestagens in WWTP influent were closely correlated with influent quality, service population and daily service volume of the WWTPs. Additionally, progesterone (PGT) and dydrogesterone (DDT) were two predominant progestagens in influent, effluent and excess sludge. Up to 5 of 11 progestagens showed high aqueous removal efficiencies (median removal efficiency >90%), whereas megestrol acetate (MTA), chlormadinone acetate (CMA), drospirenone (DSP) and levonorgestrel (LNG) had a removal efficiency of below 50%. Specially, the behaviors of progestagens along the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic of a WWTP were further explored and the aerobic tank is the main contributor to the removal of progestagens. Finally, in the effluent of these 21 WWTPs, daily mass loadings of the total progestagens ranged from 0.51 to 10.4 g d-1. Notably, LNG exhibited high potential risk to the fish base on risk quotient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xueying Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fuzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Analysis of Environmental Protection Agency priority endocrine disruptor hormones and bisphenol A in tap, surface and wastewater by online concentration liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1591:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Burnet JB, Dinh QT, Imbeault S, Servais P, Dorner S, Prévost M. Autonomous online measurement of β-D-glucuronidase activity in surface water: is it suitable for rapid E. coli monitoring? WATER RESEARCH 2019; 152:241-250. [PMID: 30677635 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological water quality is traditionally assessed using culture-based enumeration of faecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Despite their relative ease of use, these methods require a minimal 18-24 h-incubation step before the results are obtained. This study aimed to assess the suitability of an autonomous online fluorescence-based technology measuring β-glucuronidase (GLUC) activity for rapid near-real time monitoring of E. coli in water. The analytical precision was determined and compared to an automated microbial detection system, two culture-based assays and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Using replicate measurements of grab samples containing E. coli concentrations between 50 and 2330 CFU.100 mL-1, the autonomous GLUC activity measurement technology displayed an average coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 5% that was 4-8-fold lower than other methods tested. Comparable precision was observed during online in situ monitoring of GLUC activity at a drinking water intake using three independent instruments. GLUC activity measurements were not affected by sewage or sediments at concentrations likely to be encountered during long-term monitoring. Furthermore, significant (p < 0.05) correlations were obtained between GLUC activity and the other assays including defined substrate technology (r = 0.77), membrane filtration (r = 0.73), qPCR (r = 0.55) and the automated microbial detection system (r = 0.50). This study is the first to thoroughly compare the analytical performance of rapid automated detection technologies to established culture and molecular-based methods. Results show that further research is required to correlate GLUC activity to the presence of viable E. coli as measured in terms of CFU.100 mL-1. This would allow the use of autonomous online GLUC activity measurements for rapid E. coli monitoring in water supplies used for drinking water production and recreation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Burnet
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3A7, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Quoc Tuc Dinh
- Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Sandra Imbeault
- Service de l'Environnement, Ville de Laval, QC, H7L 2R3, Canada
| | - Pierre Servais
- Écologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP 221, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sarah Dorner
- Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3A7, Canada
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Shi W, Peng H, Wu J, Wu M, Xie W, Ye J, Xu L, Liang Y, Liu W. Adsorption of soluble microbial products by sediments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:874-880. [PMID: 30597787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As major precursors of disinfection by-products (DBPs), soluble microbial products (SMPs) generated by sewage discharge can adversely affect drinking water quality. It is essential to understand the adsorption behaviours of SMPs onto sediments and the effect of DBPs formation. In this study, the adsorption ability of sediments was evaluated by adsorption isotherms with respect to temperature and salinity. Adsorption behaviours were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy analysis, and excitation emission matrix fluorescence analysis. Chlorination was also employed to explore the influence of sediment adsorption on drinking water quality. The results indicated that the maximum adsorption potential of sediments to SMPs was 1.60 mg/g, which involved exothermic processes. SMPs adsorption declined with increasing temperature and salinity, and fulvic acid and protein in SMPs were more readily adsorbed on sediments than was humic acid. Correlation analysis results indicated that adsorption behaviours of sediments to SMPs could significantly reduce the generation potential of DBPs (r = 0.882-0.938, p < 0.01). In addition, the decrease of C-DBPs was considerably greater than that of N-DBPs. These research findings are of importance to assessments of the fate and transport of SMPs in water-sediment systems, as well as the effect of following DBPs formation in the drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Huanlong Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Meirou Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenjia Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongmei Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Zhang F, Yu Q, Yang L. Watershed scale patterns in steroid hormones composition and content characters at a typical eutrophic lake in southeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6107-6115. [PMID: 30617890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural steroid hormones in the aquatic environment have attracted increasing attention because of their strong endocrine disrupting potency. Seven steroid hormones (estrone, 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estriol, testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone) were analyzed from surface water and sediment sampled from Chaohu Lake, its upstream rivers (the Hangbu River, Nanfei River, Shiwuli River, and Pai River), drainage from the adjacent farmland, and treated and untreated municipal sewage. Concentrations of the seven target steroid hormones ranged from below the detection limit (ND) to 69.5 ng L-1 in the water of Chaohu Lake and the upstream rivers. Three steroids-estrone, estriol, and 17α-estradiol-were found in relatively high residual concentrations in the water, with maximum concentrations of 69.5 ng L-1, 51.5 ng L-1, and 23.3 ng L-1, respectively. All of the target steroid hormones except estriol were detected in the sediment in concentrations of ND-16344 ng kg-1. The dominant steroid hormone in the sediment of Chaohu Lake and the upstream rivers was 17α-estradiol. In the Shiwuli River and the Pai River, the dominant steroid hormones (estrone and estriol) were the same as those in the untreated municipal sewage. This confirmed the deduction that untreated municipal sewage was the major source of steroid hormone residues in these two rivers. The main steroid hormone in the water of the Hangbu River and Chaohu Lake was 17α-estradiol, the same as that in the farmland drainage. In addition, 17α-estradiol was verified as the major factor in the contribution of farmland drainage to the pollution in these rivers. The water in the Nanfei River had high concentrations of estriol and 17α-estradiol. This indicates that both untreated municipal sewage and farmland drainage were the major sources. The discharge of steroid hormones from the four rivers to Chaohu Lake was approximately 75.1 kg year-1, with the highest contributor being 17α-estradiol (24 kg year-1). Therefore, based on the results of this study, the farmland drainage should be controlled to reduce the steroid hormone pollution in Chaohu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qibiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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