1
|
Guo J, Fan Y, Qiao C, Ma X, Dong X, Zeng H. Harnessing coal and coal waste for environmental conservation: A review of photocatalytic materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174437. [PMID: 38960199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Fossil fuels, especially coal, have played a pivotal role in driving technological and economic advancements over the past century, though accompanied by numerous environmental challenges. Rapid progress in green and sustainable energy sources, including tidal, wind, and solar energy, coupled with growing environmental concerns, the conventional coal industry is experiencing a sustained decline in both size and financial viability. This situation necessitates the urgent adoption of advanced approaches to coal utilization. Beyond serving as an energy source, coal and its by-products, known as coal waste, can serve as valuable resources for the development of advanced materials, including photocatalysts. The advancement of photocatalytic materials derived from coal and coal waste can capitalize on these natural carbon and mineral sources, providing a viable solution to numerous environmental challenges. Currently, research in this domain remains in its early stages, with existing studies primarily focusing on specific types of photocatalysts or particular aspects of the fabrication process. Therefore, available coal-based and coal waste-based photocatalytic materials were systematically examined and categorized into six types according to their composition and dimensional/structural characteristics. Each type of photocatalytic material was introduced, along with common fabrication and characterization technologies. Representative works were discussed in detail to highlight the unique features of different types of coal-based and coal waste-based photocatalytic materials. Furthermore, the promising applications of these materials in environmental protection and pollution treatment were summarized, while also addressing the challenges and prospects in this research field. This review comprehensively overviews the fundamental knowledge and recent advancements in photocatalytic materials derived from coal and coal waste, with the goal of catalyzing the development of next generation photocatalysts and contributing to the transformation of the conventional coal industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yuping Fan
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenyu Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Xianshu Dong
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delihowski J, Gajek M, Izak P, Jarosz M. Thermal Studies of Fractionated Lignite and Brown Coal Fly Ashes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3464. [PMID: 39063755 PMCID: PMC11277734 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Coal fly ash (CFA), a by-product of coal combustion, is a valuable raw material for various applications. However, the heterogeneous nature of the composition and properties of CFA provides challenges to its effective usage and utilisation. This study investigates the thermal behaviour of the fly ashes of lignite (FA1) and brown coal (FA2) and their fractions obtained by dry aerodynamic separation. Thermal analysis techniques, including thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evolved gas analysis (EGA), were used to characterise the behaviour of the fly ash fractions while heating up to 1250 °C. The results reveal distinct differences in the thermal behaviour between ash types and among their different size fractions. For the FA1 ashes, the concentration of calcium-rich compounds and the level of recrystallisation at 950 °C increased with the decrease in particle size. The most abundant detected newly formed minerals were anhydrite, gehlenite, and anorthite, while coarser fractions were rich in quartz and mullite. For the FA2 ashes, the temperature of the onset of melting and agglomeration decreased with decreasing particle size and was already observed at 995 °C. Coarser fractions mostly remain unchanged, with a slight increase in quartz, mullite, and hematite content. Recrystallisation takes place in less extension compared to the FA1 ashes. The findings demonstrate that the aerodynamic separation of fly ashes into different size fractions can produce materials with varied thermal properties and reactivity, which can be used for specific applications. This study highlights the importance of thermal analysis in characterising fly ash properties and understanding their potential for utilisation in various applications involving thermal treatment or exposure to high-temperature conditions. Further research on advanced separation techniques and the in-depth characterisation of fly ash fractions is necessary to obtain materials with desired thermal properties and identify their most beneficial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Delihowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Gajek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Izak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen R, Zhang H, Shao S, Xu H, Zhou K, Jiang Y, Sun P. Degradation of Sodium Acetate by Catalytic Ozonation Coupled with MnOx/NiOOH-Modified Fly Ash. TOXICS 2024; 12:412. [PMID: 38922092 PMCID: PMC11209378 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Fly ash, a type of solid waste generated in power plants, can be utilized as a catalyst carrier to enhance its value-added potential. Common methods often involve using a large amount of alkali for preprocessing, resulting in stable quartz and mullite forming silicate dissolution. This leads to an increased specific surface area and pore structure. In this study, we produced a catalyst composed of MnOx/NiOOH supported on fly ash by directly employing nickel hydroxide and potassium permanganate to generate metal active sites over the fly ash surface while simultaneously creating a larger specific surface area and pore structure. The ozone catalytic oxidation performance of this catalyst was evaluated using sodium acetate as the target organic matter. The experimental results demonstrated that an optimal removal efficiency of 57.5% for sodium acetate was achieved, surpassing even that of MnOx/NiOOH supported catalyst by using γ-Al2O3. After loading of MnOx/NiOOH, an oxygen vacancy is formed on the surface of fly ash, which plays an indirect oxidation effect on sodium acetate due to the transformation of ozone to •O2- and •OH over this oxygen vacancy. The reaction process parameters, including varying concentrations of ozone, sodium acetate, and catalyst dosage, as well as pH value and the quantitative analysis of formed free radicals, were examined in detail. This work demonstrated that fly ash could be used as a viable catalytic material for wastewater treatment and provided a new solution to the added value of fly ash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhat AA, Shakeel A, Bhat AH, Alajmi MF, Khan AA, Kumar M. Exploiting fly ash as an ecofriendly pesticide/nematicide on Abesmoschus esculuntus: Insights into soil amendment-induced antioxidant fight against nematode mediated ROS. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142143. [PMID: 38685319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Conventional pest control measures, such as chemical pesticides and nematicides, have limited efficacy and raise environmental concerns, necessitating sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives for pest management. Therefore, to find a complementary eco-friendly pesticide/nematicide, this study investigated the role of fly ash (FA) in managing a notorious pest, Meloidogyne javanica and its impact on the growth and physiology of Abelmoschus esculentus. Molecular characterization using SSU and LSU rDNA gene markers confirmed the identity of Indian M. javanica as belonging to the same species. Biotic stress induced by nematode infection was significantly alleviated (P < 0.05) by FA application at a 20% w/v, regulating of ROS accumulation (44.1% reduction in superoxide anions and 39.7% reduction in hydrogen peroxide content) in the host plant. Moreover, FA enhanced antioxidant defence enzymes like superoxide dismutase (46.6%) and catalase (112%) to combat nematode induced ROS. Furthermore, the application of FA at a 20% concentration significantly improved the biomass and biochemical attributes of okra. Fly ash also upregulated the activity of the important osmo-protectant proline (11.5 μmol/g FW) to mitigate nematode stress in host cells. Suppression of disease indices like gall index and reproduction factor, combined with in-vitro experiments, revealed that FA exhibits strong nematode mortality capacity and thus can be used as a sustainable and eco-friendly control agent against root-knot nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Ameen Bhat
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Adnan Shakeel
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Ahmed Khan
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Munyengabe A, Banda M, Augustyn W, Netshiongolwe K, Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha D. Application of coal fly ash for trace metal adsorption from wastewater: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31494. [PMID: 38803871 PMCID: PMC11128527 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution has become a global issue due to continuing anthropogenic activities that result in the production of enormous amounts of waste and the subsequent release of hazardous trace metals. The increasing levels of trace metals in the environment must be monitored regularly and reduced to prevent contamination of food chain. Numerous conventional technologies that are widely used for the removal of trace metals from environmental matrices have many drawbacks. Currently, the preferred method to remove trace metal ions is the adsorption process, which normally uses adsorbents. This review investigated the applications of coal fly ash (CFA) as a cost-effective adsorbent and the role it plays in the improved properties of nanomaterials that are used for treatment of trace metals in water. The use of CFA and its role in chemical modification processes results to high removal efficiency of trace metals. CFA is a by-product of coal combustion which is available in abundance and therefore its use is not only beneficial in water treatment processes, but also reduce the burden of solid waste disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Munyengabe
- Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria, X0001, South Africa
| | - Maria Banda
- Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria, X0001, South Africa
| | - Wilma Augustyn
- Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria, X0001, South Africa
| | - Khathutshelo Netshiongolwe
- Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria, X0001, South Africa
| | - Denga Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha
- Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, X680, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Gu S, Li L, Wang M. From waste to catalyst: Growth mechanisms of ZSM-5 zeolite from coal fly ash & rice husk ash and its performance as catalyst for tetracycline degradation in fenton-like oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123509. [PMID: 38325512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Coal fly ash (CFA), an industrial solid waste, can be utilized to synthesize Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) by incorporating an external silica source. In this study, a series of ZSM-5 zeolites were synthesized using rice husk ash (RHA) as the primary silica source and CFA as the primary aluminum source under controlled hydrothermal reaction conditions, and the growth mechanism of ZSM-5 was investigated. The process of ZSM-5 growth was featured by the transformation of hyperpoly silico-aluminate in CFA and RHA into monomers. These monomers formed crystal nuclei connected in a five-membered ring structure under the influence of Tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide (TPAOH). The surplus monomeric silica-aluminate grew on the nucleus surface due to the addition of the silica source within RHA (RHA-SiO2), ultimately resulting in the development of ZSM-5 zeolite. Characterization results demonstrated that RHA-SiO2 exhibited favorable physical and chemical properties during the ZSM-5 synthesis, with a crystallinity of 99.03%, a specific surface area of 321.19 m2/g, a weight loss of only 3.06% at 800 °C and a total acidity of 0.65 mmol/g. To evaluate the catalytic performance of ZSM-5, Fe/Cu-modified ZSM-5 was developed and used as the catalyst for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) in Fenton-like oxidation. The results indicated that Fe/Cu-ZSM-5 exhibited excellent activity and stability as the catalyst for TC degradation and mineralization. The maximum TC degradation rate reached 99.02% in 10 min and the TOC removal could be up to 69.32% in 2 h. Characterization results indicated that the Fe/Cu ions redox cycle accelerated the generation of active species (1O2 and ˙OH) in Fenton-like systems. The ZSM-5 zeolite synthesized from solid waste demonstrated superb stability and catalytic activity, leading to the effective removal of TC. Since real wastewater generally contains various pollutants, future research efforts should focused on multi-pollutant treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Siyi Gu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Wang J, Liu Z, Yan R. Concentration, speciation and risk effects of multiple environmentally sensitive trace elements in respirable fine-grained fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133387. [PMID: 38198872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respirable fine-grained fly ash (RFA) is captured very inefficiently by existing air purification devices of power plant, leading to increasing concerns regarding their migration and subsequent interaction with body due to fine particle size and its complex toxic composition. Trace elements of RFA in three groups with five different sizes between 8-13 µm were analyzed in terms of available concentration, speciation and risk effects. The concentration, pollution level and ecological risk level of elements in RFA were related to particle sizes. Chronic non-carcinogenic effect risk (NER) and carcinogenic effect risk (CER) were negatively correlated with particle size. The individual weight of exposed subjects, corresponding trace elements concentration and ingestion rate in RFA were three significant variables influencing CER. NER and CER had a tenfold exaggerated effect when calculated using total element concentration of RFA. In addition to individual differences and exposure conditions, trace element properties, speciation and available concentration were the dominant factor responsible for ecological and environmental effects of trace elements in RFA, following the order As>Ni, Mn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Zn. Results of this work highlight the effects and differences of trace elements in RFA on ecology and health, and provide a basis for further pollution control and human health warning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Environment and Resources College, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Rd., Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, No. 92 Wucheng Rd, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Junxiu Wang
- Environment and Resources College, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Rd., Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Shanxi Open University, No. 109 Qianfeng North Rd, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Environment and Resources College, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Rd., Taiyuan 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Labidi A, Ren H, Zhu Q, Liang X, Liang J, Wang H, Sial A, Padervand M, Lichtfouse E, Rady A, Allam AA, Wang C. Coal fly ash and bottom ash low-cost feedstocks for CO 2 reduction using the adsorption and catalysis processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169179. [PMID: 38081431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Combustion of fossil fuels, industry and agriculture sectors are considered as the largest emitters of carbon dioxide. In fact, the emission of CO2 greenhouse gas has been considerably intensified during the last two decades, resulting in global warming and inducing variety of adverse health effects on human and environment. Calling for effective and green feedstocks to remove CO2, low-cost materials such as coal ashes "wastes-to-materials", have been considered among the interesting candidates of CO2 capture technologies. On the other hand, several techniques employing coal ashes as inorganic supports (e.g., catalytic reduction, photocatalysis, gas conversion, ceramic filter, gas scrubbing, adsorption, etc.) have been widely applied to reduce CO2. These processes are among the most efficient solutions utilized by industrialists and scientists to produce clean energy from CO2 and limit its continuous emission into the atmosphere. Herein, we review the recent trends and advancements in the applications of coal ashes including coal fly ash and bottom ash as low-cost wastes to reduce CO2 concentration through adsorption and catalysis processes. The chemical routes of structural modification and characterization of coal ash-based feedstocks are discussed in details. The adsorption and catalytic performance of the coal ashes derivatives towards CO2 selective reduction to CH4 are also described. The main objective of this review is to highlight the excellent capacity of coal fly ash and bottom ash to capture and selective conversion of CO2 to methane, with the aim of minimizing coal ashes disposal and their storage costs. From a practical view of point, the needs of developing new advanced technologies and recycling strategies might be urgent in the near future to efficient make use of coal ashes as new cleaner materials for CO2 remediation purposes, which favourably affects the rate of global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Labidi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Haitao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qiuhui Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - XinXin Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jiangyushan Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Atif Sial
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Mohsen Padervand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, P.O Box 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix en Provence 13100, France
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sawunyama L, Olatunde OC, Oyewo OA, Bopape MF, Onwudiwe DC. Application of coal fly ash based ceramic membranes in wastewater treatment: A sustainable alternative to commercial materials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24344. [PMID: 38298659 PMCID: PMC10828652 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The continued increase in the global population has resulted in increased water demand for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. These activities have led to the generation of high volumes of wastewater, which has an impact on water quality. Consequently, more practical solutions are needed to improve the current wastewater treatment systems. The use of improved ceramic membranes for wastewater treatment holds significant prospects for advancement in water treatment and sanitation. Hence, different studies have employed ceramic membranes in wastewater treatment and the search for low-cost and environmentally friendly starting materials has continued to engender research interests. This review focuses on the application of coal fly ash in membrane technology for wastewater treatment. The processes of membrane fabrication and the various limitations of the material. Several factors that influence the properties and performance of coal fly ash ceramic membranes in wastewater treatment are also presented. Some possible solutions to the limitations are also proposed, while cost analysis of coal fly ash-based membranes is explored to evaluate its potential for large-scale applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Sawunyama
- Materials Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Olalekan C. Olatunde
- Materials Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi A. Oyewo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Mokgadi F. Bopape
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag x680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Damian C. Onwudiwe
- Materials Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Islam MR, Sanderson P, Payne TE, Naidu R. Synthesised and modified zeolite for effective management of beryllium contaminants in aqueous media under different conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166384. [PMID: 37597559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The effective management of beryllium (Be) in solution is not well established. In this study, zeolite was synthesised from coal fly ash (CFA) and further modified to enhance Be sorption. Results indicated zeolite NaP1 was effectively synthesised, and cross-linked chitosan was grafted in/on the zeolite structure during modification. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area substantially increased from 1.05 m2/g in CFA to 94.0 m2/g in the synthesised zeolite (SZ). Furthermore, the modified zeolite (MZ) showed improved functionality as a reactive site for Be sorption. A comparative sorption study revealed inferior sorption (11.3 %) and higher desorption (56.1 %) of Be using CFA than the sorption using SZ (93.0 % sorption, 2.9 % desorption) and MZ (93.0 % sorption, 1.5 % desorption). Consequently, SZ and MZ exhibited higher sorption efficacy than commercial zeolite (57.4 %) and other commercial sorbents. At an experimental pH of 5.5 [relevant to the pH of Little Forest Legacy Waste Site (LFLS) soil, a representative site for potential Be contamination], MZ showed higher sorption than SZ. The higher sorption in MZ resulted from its elevated ligand complexation [with nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and oxygen (O)] and some ion exchange (with Na+, -NH3+, and H+ ions) mechanisms. Moreover, increased sorption (up to 99 %) was observed using colloidal soil solution (CSS) collected from LFLS soil to simulate field conditions after extensive rainfall. Different environmental factors (e.g. pH, temperature, time, CSS, concentrations of sorbate, and sorbent) regulated Be sorption. The sorption mechanism was best described by the Langmuir model, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.999). Moreover, the sorption reaction was spontaneous (ΔG = -Ve), enthalpically, and entropically influenced. Desorption hysteresis (ndesorption/nsorption < 1) suggested irreversible sorption, and the chemisorption mechanism of Be was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Peter Sanderson
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy E Payne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo P, Zhao Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, He T, Hou X, Li S. Co-utilization of iron ore tailings and coal fly ash for porous ceramsite preparation: Optimization, mechanism, and assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119273. [PMID: 37832299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the utilization of industrial by-products, such as iron ore tailings (IOTs) and coal fly ash (CFA), is crucial toward sustainable development. This study provides a meticulous insight into the optimization, mechanism, and assessment of the co-utilization of IOTs and CFA for the preparation of porous ceramsite. Micro-CT results revealed that the prepared ceramsite exhibited an exceptional porosity, peaking at 56.98%, with a wide range of pore diameters (3.55-959.10 μm) under optimal conditions (IOTs content at 76%, preheating at 550 °C for 15 min, and sintering at 1177 °C for 14 min), while maintaining good mechanical properties (water adsorption of 1.28%, comprehensive strength of 8.75 MPa, apparent density of 1.37 g/cm3, and bulk density of 0.62 g/cm3). The primary parameters affecting the porosity were identified and ranked as follows: sintering temperature > IOTs content > sintering time. The formation and growth of pores could be attributed to the equilibrium relationship between the liquid-phase surface tension and the gas expansion force, accompanied by pore wall thinning and pore merging. Notably, the prepared ceramsite is both ecologically feasible and economically rewarding, boasting a profit margin of 9.47 $/ton. The comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) conducted further highlights the potential of its large-scale implementation for promoting sustainable development. This study provides an innovative strategy for the co-utilization of IOTs and CFA, with advantages such as cost-effectiveness, ecological feasibility and scalability of production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Guo
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zekun Zhao
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao He
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinmei Hou
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suqin Li
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan S, Xuan W, Cao C, Zhang J. A review of sustainable utilization and prospect of coal gasification slag. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117186. [PMID: 37741569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the storage of coal gasification slag (CGS) is continuously increasing, as the coal gasification technology develops, posing significant environmental hazards. Due to its volcanic ash characteristics and rich residual carbon, CGS has great potential for resource utilization, which has attracted the attentions of many scholars. This paper firstly introduces the compositions and properties of CGS. Then, it reviews the existing utilization methods of CGS, including Preparation of building materials, carbon-ash separation technology, ecological restoration, and cyclic blending. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are compared. Subsequently, some high-value utilization methods of coal gasification slag are introduced, such as the preparation of high-performance activated carbon and zeolite, of which the feasibility and advantages are evaluated. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for future developing technologies. This paper aims to provide some references and inspiration for the utilization and environmental protection of CGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Yan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiwei Xuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chunyan Cao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhang
- Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kolar V, Chmelová E, Bílková M, Borovec J, Carreira BM, Černý M, Ditrich T, Horká P, Hrivniak Ľ, Hrubý F, Jan J, Landeira-Dabarca A, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Musilová Z, Otáhalová Š, Poláková M, Polášková V, Sacherová V, Špaček J, Sroka P, Vebrová L, Boukal DS, Tropek R. Muddying the unexplored post-industrial waters: Biodiversity and conservation potential of freshwater habitats in fly ash sedimentation lagoons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165803. [PMID: 37499824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Deposits of fly ash and other coal combustion wastes are common remnants of the energy industry. Despite their environmental risks from heavy metals and trace elements, they have been revealed as refuges for threatened terrestrial biodiversity. Surprisingly, freshwater biodiversity of fly ash sedimentation lagoons remains unknown despite such lack of knowledge strongly limits the efficient restoration of fly ash deposits. We bring the first comprehensive survey of freshwater biodiversity, including nekton, benthos, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and macrophytes, in fly ash lagoons across industrial regions of the Czech Republic. To assess their conservation potential, we compared their biodiversity with abandoned post-mining ponds, the known strongholds of endangered aquatic species in the region with a shortage of natural ponds. Of 28 recorded threatened species, 15 occurred in the studied fly ash lagoons, some of which were less abundant or even absent in the post-mining ponds. These are often species of nutrient-poor, fishless waters with rich vegetation, although some are specialised extremophiles. Species richness and conservation value of most groups in the fly ash lagoons did not significantly differ from the post-mining ponds, except for species richness of benthos, zooplankton, and macrophytes, which were slightly lower in the fly ash lagoons. Although the concentrations of some heavy metals (mainly Se, V, and As) were significantly higher in the fly ash lagoons, they did not significantly affect species richness or conservation value of the local communities. The differences in species composition therefore does not seem to be caused by water chemistry. Altogether, we have shown that fly ash lagoons are refuges for threatened aquatic species, and we thus suggest maintaining water bodies during site restoration after the cessation of fly ash deposition. Based on our analyses of environmental variables, we discuss suitable restoration practices that efficiently combine biodiversity protection and environmental risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kolar
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Eliška Chmelová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Bílková
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Borovec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Bruno M Carreira
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Černý
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Ditrich
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology, Jeronýmova 10, 37112 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Petra Horká
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czechia
| | - Ľuboš Hrivniak
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - František Hrubý
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jiří Jan
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Andrea Landeira-Dabarca
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Musilová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czechia
| | - Šárka Otáhalová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Martina Poláková
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Vendula Polášková
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Veronika Sacherová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Špaček
- Povodí Labe State Enterprise, Víta Nejedlého 951/8, Slezské Předměstí, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Pavel Sroka
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Lucie Vebrová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - David S Boukal
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Departments of Ecosystem Biology and Botany, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Robert Tropek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czechia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pandey V, Kumar Yadav M, Panda SK, Singh VK. An economic and sustainable approach to transform aluminosilicate-rich solid waste to functionally graded composite foam for high-temperature applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139588. [PMID: 37478988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study proposes an economical and effective approach for recycling coal overburden and similar solid wastes to fabricate lightweight and high-strength composite foam with industrial applications. Reaction-generated thermo-foaming technique has been used to develop functionally graded mullite-embedded silicate composite foam in a single step. The developed foams with gradient pores exhibit superior thermo-mechanical properties. In situ-growth of mullite phase within the silicate phase results in better mechanical strength of the foam. They possess bulk density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity in the range of 0.31-1.34 g/cm3, 2.97-15.06 MPa and 0.0843-0.2871 W/(m∙K), respectively. Thermal treatment irreversibly transforms the heavy metals present in the solid waste into stable mineral phases, further inhibiting the leaching of heavy metals from the developed foam. The developed foam with tuneable and gradient microstructure is seen as a potential material for thermal insulation and other applications such as refractories, molten metal and hot flue gas filters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Pandey
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mayank Kumar Yadav
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Tallin University of Technology, Tallin, Estonia
| | - S K Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - V K Singh
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang J, Chen T, Li H, Tu S, Zhang L, Hao T, Yan B. Mineral phase transition characteristics and its effects on the stabilization of heavy metals in industrial hazardous wastes incineration (IHWI) fly ash via microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162842. [PMID: 36924959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals in industrial hazardous waste incineration (IHWI) fly ash can be effectively stabilized by using microwave-assisted hydrothermal technology. However, few works have focused on the relationship between mineralogical conversion and stability of heavy metals of fly ash during hydrothermal process. This study investigated the effect of mineral phase transition process on the stabilization and migration behavior of heavy metals in IHWI fly ash using coal fly ash as silicon‑aluminum additive. Mineral composition analysis reveals that after microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment (MAHT) of IHWI fly ash, zeolite-like minerals (e.g., tobermorite, katoite and sodalite), secondary aluminosilicate minerals (e.g., prehnite and anorthite) and other newly-formed minerals (e.g., wollastonite, pectolite and larnite) were found. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in IHWI fly ash decrease sharply after MAHT with the most obvious decreases in Cu, Pb and Zn. Spearman correlation analysis show significantly negative correlation between the content of zeolite-like minerals and the leaching concentrations of most heavy metals (e.g., Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb). These results suggest that the immobilization effects of heavy metals in IHWI fly ash can be effectively enhanced by promoting the formation of zeolite-like minerals during the MAHT. This study is expected to further promote the development of IHWI fly ash harmless treatment technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuchen Tu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianyang Hao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bo Yan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Akmalaiuly K, Berdikul N, Pundienė I, Pranckevičienė J. The Effect of Mechanical Activation of Fly Ash on Cement-Based Materials Hydration and Hardened State Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2959. [PMID: 37109794 PMCID: PMC10146790 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash from coal represents the foremost waste product of fossil fuel combustion. These waste materials are most widely utilised in the cement and concrete industries, but the extent of their use is insufficient. This study investigated the physical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of non-treated and mechanically activated fly ash. The possibility of enhancing the hydration rate of the fresh cement paste by replacing part of the cement with non-treated and mechanically activated fly ash, and the hardened cement paste's structure and early compressive strength performance, were evaluated. At the first stage of the study, up to 20% mass of cement was replaced by untreated and mechanically activated fly ash to understand the impact of the mechanical activation on the hydration course; rheological properties, such as spread and setting time; hydration products; mechanical properties; and microstructure of fresh and hardened cement paste. The results show that a higher amount of untreated fly ash significantly prolongs the cement hydration process, decreases hydration temperature, deteriorates the structure and decreases compressive strength. Mechanical activation caused the breakdown of large porous aggregates in fly ash, enhancing the physical properties and reactivity of fly ash particles. Due to increased fineness and pozzolanic activity by up to 15%, mechanically activated fly ash shortens the time of maximum exothermic temperature and increases this temperature by up to 16%. Due to nanosized particles and higher pozzolanic activity, mechanically activated fly ash facilitates a denser structure, improves the contact zone between the cement matrix, and increases compressive strength up to 30%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzhebek Akmalaiuly
- Department of Construction and Building Materials, Satbayev University, Satbayeva Str. 22, 050013 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (K.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Nazerke Berdikul
- Department of Construction and Building Materials, Satbayev University, Satbayeva Str. 22, 050013 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (K.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Ina Pundienė
- Laboratory of Concrete Technology, Institute of Building Materials, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų Str. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Jolanta Pranckevičienė
- Laboratory of Concrete Technology, Institute of Building Materials, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų Str. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gao J, Li W, Lin Z, Ma J, Yue Y, Zhang J. Adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by iron-based adsorbent derived from fly ash and iron slag. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57050-57057. [PMID: 36930313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this article, an innovative sorbent (Fe-FA) is prepared from fly ash; ferrous sulfate-containing waste slag (FSS), which are industrial wastes; and NaOH by a hydrothermal method at 100 °C. As a result, in comparison to several conventional sorbents, such as ZnO, Fe2O3, 13X zeolite, and activated carbon, Fe-FA had the best adsorption performance for H2S adsorption. Fe-FA had not only a higher adsorption capacity (near 150 mg/g) but also a longer breakthrough time (near 400 min) when gas hourly space velocity was 8000 h-1. Then, characterizations of XRD, BET, NH3-TPD, FTIR, and XPS analyzed basic properties of Fe-FA and revealed reasons for the excellent adsorption performance. In general, the excellent adsorption performance of Fe-FA for H2S is mainly due to the high content of iron species (almost 50%) and suitable mesoporous structure in the Fe-FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Gao
- The Materials Genome Institute (MGI) of Shanghai University, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenying Li
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhou Lin
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jianlong Ma
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yang Yue
- The Materials Genome Institute (MGI) of Shanghai University, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grabias-Blicharz E, Franus W. A critical review on mechanochemical processing of fly ash and fly ash-derived materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160529. [PMID: 36574561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA) is a solid, fine powder that constitutes a by-product obtained when coal, biomass, municipal solid waste or a mixture of these are combusted. This review article focuses on the mechanochemistry of coal fly ash (CFA), as well as highlights the issue of fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW). In general, FA is regarded as a waste of public concern (since it contains hazardous components), which is primarily consumed in the construction industry, as well as in chemical synthesis and environmental engineering. However, the actual amount of FA recycled is still less than the amount produced, with the reuse rate of only up to 30 %. Due to its relatively low reactivity and heterogeneity, FA is commonly landfilled in huge quantities. Nevertheless, the physical and chemical properties of FA can be tailored, for example, by mechanical forces, ultimately leading to a higher value-added product. Currently, mechanochemistry (MC) is drawing attention in chemical synthesis, pollution remediation and waste management, especially as a possible solution for various drawbacks of conventional syntheses and processes. Mechanochemical processing of FA can be considered eco-friendly, inexpensive and efficient, in particular for processing tons of readily available fly ash already stored in ponds or landfills. With the aim of highlighting the hidden potential and facilitating the favorable use of FA, this article deals with FA as an environmentally challenging material, FA reactivity and recycling through mechanochemical processing, mechanochemical stabilization of heavy metals in FA, as well as up-to-date challenges for life cycle assessment (LCA) in evaluating FA-derived materials. Furthermore, all these full-potential aspects of FA mechanochemistry have not been addressed before, which is a valuable contribution to the existing literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Grabias-Blicharz
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lamiel CSJ, Afroz MM, Cincotta RE, Krödel M, Li-Oakey KD. Experimental and Molecular Dynamic Modeling Studies of Electrospun Carbon Fiber Electrode Performance Enhancement by Potassium Ferricyanide Addition. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
20
|
Sardi B, Uno I, Pasila F, Altway A, Mahfud M. Low rank coal for fuel production via microwave-assisted pyrolysis: A review. FIREPHYSCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
|
21
|
Karuppaiyan J, Mullaimalar A, Jeyalakshmi R. Adsorption of dyestuff by nano copper oxide coated alkali metakaoline geopolymer in monolith and powder forms: Kinetics, isotherms and microstructural analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:115002. [PMID: 36509117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To remove contaminants and pollutants from wastewater systems, adsorbents are widely used. Geopolymers offer a convenient alternative as adsorbents in the wastewater treatment system as they are low-cost, environmentally friendly, and safer. A new adsorbent material prepared by coating nano copper oxide on the surface of alkali-activated metakaolin showed a higher ability to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from wastewater, thus making them attractive in dye removal applications. First, nano copper oxide was prepared by sol gel method and metakaolin geopolymer was produced using sodium silicate solution having a Ms value of 1.1 (M). Afterwards, nano copper oxide (MC) was coated on the surface of the geopolymer. The ability of MB dye to bind to both pristine (Mp, MCp) and powder forms (Mpr, MCpr) of the geopolymer was evaluated. X-ray diffraction revealed that the halo found at 27.40°-31.077° (2θvalue) in both samples related to amorphous gel's composition and the major peaks of copper oxide in MCpr were sited at a 2θ value of 35.45° and 38.88°.The dye removal efficiency can be inferred from the increased adsorption capacity of 11.9 mg/g (Mp) and 14.4 mg/g (MCp) for the monolith form and 81.43 mg/g (Mpr) and 87.82 mg/g (MCpr) for the powder form. The adsorption of reused active sites was 73% for Mpr and 83% for MCpr up to the fifth cycle after regeneration by heat treatment at 400 °C. The models that best suited the adsorption data were pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherms, which indicated possible chemisorption with intra-particle diffusion. Furthermore, the binding energy is shifted to lower value in XPS spectra due to dye adsorption arising from electrostatic attraction. A higher electron density is formed due to interaction with an equal contribution of silanol Si-O-H and Si-O-Na/Cu(O1s). The adsorbents are effective over a wide pH range and their improved recycling capability increases their applications for a wide range of uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janani Karuppaiyan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
| | - A Mullaimalar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
| | - R Jeyalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ashraf I, Singh NB, Agarwal A. Iron-rich coal fly ash-polydopamine-silver nanocomposite (IRCFA-PDA-Ag NPs): tailored material for remediation of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:322. [PMID: 36690821 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution has become one of the most acute environmental problems. One of the pollutants coming to water bodies from industries are dyes, which are harmful to human health, living organisms, and the esthetic appearance of water. Most dyes are toxic, carcinogenic, rarely biodegradable, and highly soluble in water. Therefore, industrial wastewater treatment has become important. Adsorption technique of removal of dyes from water is simple, efficient, and inexpensive as compared to other techniques. Adsorption efficiency depends on the type and surface area of adsorbents. Iron-rich coal fly ash (IRCFA)-Polydopamine (PDA)@ Silver (Ag) nanocomposite was prepared by separating the iron-rich part (IRCFA) from coal fly ash and coated with polydopamine. IRCFA was mixed with 10 mM tris buffer solution containing 1 g dopamine. The prepared IRCFA-PDA was added to an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, heated at 60 °C, and then 30 mL of flower waste extract was added to this solution. Solid IRCFA-PDA@Ag was obtained, and the prepared nanocomposite was used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from water. The nanocomposite used was prepared by a cost-effective method and has high reusability, separability, and fast regeneration ability. The mechanism of removal of MB dye has been discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, UP, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Nakshatra B Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, UP, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, UP, Greater Noida, 201310, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Efficient Synthesis of Alkyl Levulinates Fuel Additives Using Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Polystyrene Coated Coal Fly Ash Catalyst. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
24
|
Gollakota AR, Munagapati VS, Liao SW, Shu CM, Shadangi KP, Sarangi PK, Wen JC. Ionic liquid [bmim] [TFSI] templated Na-X zeolite for the adsorption of (Cd 2+, Zn 2+), and dyes (AR, R6). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114525. [PMID: 36243055 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triflouromethylsufonyl)imide functionalization to Na-X zeolite (IFZ) is the primary goal of this study in order to evaluate its ability to remove heavy metals (Cd2+), (Zn2+), dyes Rhodamine 6G (R6), and Alizarin Red S (AR) from aqueous streams. IFZ was thoroughly examined using analytical techniques XRD, BET, FE-SEM, and FTIR, to better understand its physical and chemical properties. The surface area and the volume of pores (IFZ; 19.93 m2/g, 0.0544 cm3/g) were reduced in comparison to the parent zeolite (Na-X; 63.92 m2/g, 0.0884 cm3/g). According to SEM, the crystal structure of the zeolite (Na-X) has not been significantly altered by XRD analysis. The mechanism, kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic properties of adsorption were all studied using batch adsorption experiments under various operating conditions. IFZ adsorbs dyes (AR; 76.33 mg/g, R6; 65.85 mg/g) better than metal ions (Cd2+; 30.68 mg/g, Zn2+; 41.53 mg/g) in acidic conditions. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order models were found to be the most accurate models for equilibrium data. Adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous, as revealed by the thermodynamics of the process. The IFZ can be used in three (Cd2+), two (Zn2+), four (AR), and five (R6) cycles of desorption and regeneration. For these reasons, IL-modified zeolite can be used to remove multiple types of pollutants from water in one simple step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjani Rk Gollakota
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Venkata Subbaiah Munagapati
- Research Centre for Soil & Water Resources and Natural Disaster Prevention (SWAN), National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Douliou, 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Wei Liao
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Min Shu
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Krushna Prasad Shadangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, 795004, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, VSS University of Technology, Burla Sambalpur 768 018, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash K Sarangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, 795004, India.
| | - Jet-Chau Wen
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Research Centre for Soil & Water Resources and Natural Disaster Prevention (SWAN), National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Douliou, 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Danish A, Totiç E, Bayram M, Sütçü M, Gencel O, Erdoğmuş E, Ozbakkaloglu T. Assessment of Mineralogical Characteristics of Clays and the Effect of Waste Materials on Their Index Properties for the Production of Bricks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15248908. [PMID: 36556713 PMCID: PMC9783224 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significant research investigations on the characteristics of unexplored clay deposits are being conducted in light of the growing need for clay in the ceramic industry and the variable chemistry of clays. Parallel to this, the generation of waste materials like fly ash, ferrochrome slag, and silica fume is also increasing, responsible for environmental degradation. This paper aims to study the mineralogical properties of pure clays (one specimen from Siberia and five specimens from different locations in Turkey), and the effect of mentioned waste materials on the index properties of clays obtained. This study is divided into two phases, wherein in the first phase, the pure clay specimens are analyzed against mineralogical properties (i.e., chemical composition, thermal analysis, and particle size distribution). While in the second phase, index properties of pure clay specimens and clay specimens modified with 0-50% fly ash, ferrochrome slag, and silica fume are analyzed. The results reveal that the clay specimens from Turkey (USCS classification: CL) are fit for the ceramic industry and bricks production, and incorporation of waste materials can further improve their index properties. It is also observed that incorporation of 10-30% fly ash and ferrochrome slag have higher efficiency in reducing the plasticity index of clays studied as compared to the addition of silica fume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aamar Danish
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Ermedin Totiç
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74100, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Bayram
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Mücahit Sütçü
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Osman Gencel
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74100, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Erdoğmuş
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74100, Turkey
| | - Togay Ozbakkaloglu
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao S, Song K, Zhu J, Ma D, Shi JW. Gd-Mn-Ti composite oxides anchored on waste coal fly ash for the low-temperature catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
27
|
Saeed A, Najm HM, Hassan A, Sabri MMS, Qaidi S, Mashaan NS, Ansari K. Properties and Applications of Geopolymer Composites: A Review Study of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15228250. [PMID: 36431736 PMCID: PMC9696611 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Portland cement (PC) is considered the most energy-intensive building material and contributes to around 10% of global warming. It exacerbates global warming and climate change, which have a harmful environmental impact. Efforts are being made to produce sustainable and green concrete as an alternative to PC concrete. As a result, developing a more sustainable strategy and eco-friendly materials to replace ordinary concrete has become critical. Many studies on geopolymer concrete, which has equal or even superior durability and strength compared to traditional concrete, have been conducted for this purpose by many researchers. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has been developed as a possible new construction material for replacing conventional concrete, offering a clean technological choice for long-term growth. Over the last few decades, geopolymer concrete has been investigated as a feasible green construction material that can reduce CO2 emissions because it uses industrial wastes as raw materials. GPC has proven effective for structural applications due to its workability and analogical strength compared to standard cement concrete. This review article discusses the engineering properties and microstructure of GPC and shows its merits in construction applications with some guidelines and suggestions recommended for both the academic community and the industrial sector. This literature review also demonstrates that the mechanical properties of GPC are comparable and even sometimes better than those of PC concrete. Moreover, the microstructure of GPC is significantly different from that of PC concrete microstructure and can be affected by many factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Saeed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hadee Mohammed Najm
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain Engineering College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Amer Hassan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain Engineering College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Shaker Qaidi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Nawroz University, Duhok 42001, Iraq
| | - Nuha S. Mashaan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Khalid Ansari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur 441110, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Qi F, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Li H, Li S, Yang C, Zhang J. Eco-friendly recycling of silicon-rich lye: Synthesis of hierarchically structured calcium silicate hydrate and its application for phosphorus removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157431. [PMID: 35863577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-rich lye (SRL), a byproduct generated from pre-treatment of coal-based solid waste (CSW), was considered as a preponderant silicon source to prepare hierarchically nanostructured calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Through the novel mild-causticization synthesis strategy, C-S-H was prepared under optimal caustic process conditions at time of 3 h, temperature of 80 °C, Ca/Si of 1.25:1, and active CaO to obtain a conversion rate of Si up to 97.33 % during the high-value utilization of SRL. The synthesized C-S-H possesses abundant mesoporous structure and massive exchangeable active sites, whose formation is advanced through an appropriate elevation regulation of caustic temperature and time. The silicate chain depolymerization occurs to C-S-H prepared in the highly alkaline system at higher caustic temperature, longer caustic period, especially at existence of massive sodium ions, but it presents higher polymerization degree at more aluminum co-existing. The adsorption capacity up to 119.27 mg/g for C-S-H presents a valid removal performance toward phosphorus in the wastewater than massive present reports. The removal mechanism of phosphorus can be identified as the surface chemisorption and formation of calcium phosphate co-precipitation. This study can provide considerable and potential guidance to the coordinated disposal between industrial solid wastes and wastewater purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qi
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ganyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Huiquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shaopeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chennian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bolatova Z, Pak A, Larionov K, Nikitin D, Povalyaev P, Ivashutenko A, Mamontov G, Pestryakov A. Ash and Slag Waste Processing in Self-Shielded Atmospheric DC Arc Discharge Plasma. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8134. [PMID: 36431620 PMCID: PMC9698856 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the experimental results obtained in slag waste processing by direct current arc discharge initiated in ambient air. The method does not employ vacuum and gas equipment, therefore increasing the energy efficiency of processing. Plasma processing of coal slag was performed at different arc exposure times: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 s. The obtained materials contained a significant amount of graphite, which was removed through combustion. The micropowder based on silicon carbide and aluminum nitride was obtained and then sintered by spark plasma. The bulk ceramic samples based on silicon carbide with the hardness of ~10.4 GPa were finally fabricated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanar Bolatova
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Pak
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Kirill Larionov
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Nikitin
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Pavel Povalyaev
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Aleksander Ivashutenko
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Gennady Mamontov
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Research Lab of Catalytic and Biomedical Technologies, Sevastopol State University, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang H, Gan S, Sun H, Yang H, Xie S. Fly‐Ash‐Based Hierarchical MCM‐41 Molecular Sieve as an Efficient Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal from Wastewater over a Wide pH. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Zhang
- School of Biology and Chemical Engineering Panzhihua University No. 10 Airport Road, East District Panzhihua Sichuan Province 617000 People's Republic of China
| | - Simeng Gan
- School of Biology and Chemical Engineering Panzhihua University No. 10 Airport Road, East District Panzhihua Sichuan Province 617000 People's Republic of China
| | - Houxiang Sun
- School of Biology and Chemical Engineering Panzhihua University No. 10 Airport Road, East District Panzhihua Sichuan Province 617000 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- School of Biology and Chemical Engineering Panzhihua University No. 10 Airport Road, East District Panzhihua Sichuan Province 617000 People's Republic of China
| | - Sicai Xie
- School of Biology and Chemical Engineering Panzhihua University No. 10 Airport Road, East District Panzhihua Sichuan Province 617000 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Qaidi S, Najm HM, Abed SM, Ahmed HU, Al Dughaishi H, Al Lawati J, Sabri MM, Alkhatib F, Milad A. Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Composites: A Review of the Compressive Strength and Microstructure Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15207098. [PMID: 36295166 PMCID: PMC9605405 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Geopolymer (GP) concrete is a novel construction material that can be used in place of traditional Portland cement (PC) concrete to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and effectively manage industrial waste. Fly ash (FA) has long been utilized as a key constituent in GPs, and GP technology provides an environmentally benign alternative to FA utilization. As a result, a thorough examination of GP concrete manufactured using FA as a precursor (FA-GP concrete) and employed as a replacement for conventional concrete has become crucial. According to the findings of current investigations, FA-GP concrete has equal or superior mechanical and physical characteristics compared to PC concrete. This article reviews the clean production, mix design, compressive strength (CS), and microstructure (Ms) analyses of the FA-GP concrete to collect and publish the most recent information and data on FA-GP concrete. In addition, this paper shall attempt to develop a comprehensive database based on the previous research study that expounds on the impact of substantial aspects such as physio-chemical characteristics of precursors, mixes, curing, additives, and chemical activation on the CS of FA-GP concrete. The purpose of this work is to give viewers a greater knowledge of the consequences and uses of using FA as a precursor to making effective GP concrete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaker Qaidi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Nawroz University, Duhok 42001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (S.Q.); (H.M.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Hadee Mohammed Najm
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain Engineering College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
- Correspondence: (S.Q.); (H.M.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Suhad M. Abed
- Department of Highways & Airports Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala 32001, Iraq
| | - Hemn U. Ahmed
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah 16278, Iraq
| | - Husam Al Dughaishi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa P C 616, Ad-Dakhiliyah P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Jawad Al Lawati
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa P C 616, Ad-Dakhiliyah P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Mohanad Muayad Sabri
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fadi Alkhatib
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat 86400, Malaysia
| | - Abdalrhman Milad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa P C 616, Ad-Dakhiliyah P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Correspondence: (S.Q.); (H.M.N.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fan XL, Xia JL, Zhang DR, Nie ZY, Liu YP, Zhang LJ, Zhang DY. Highly-efficient and sequential recovery of rare earth elements, alumina and silica from coal fly ash via a novel recyclable ZnO sinter method. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129308. [PMID: 35714541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel sinter method using ZnO as the activator instead of the conventional Na2CO3/CaCO3, (NH4)2SO4, and K2S2O7 was developed to achieve efficient sequential extraction of rare earth elements (REEs), alumina (Al), and silica (Si) from coal fly ash (CFA). Up to 93.3% Si, 87.1% REEs (70.7% Ce, 82.5% La, 83.2% Gd, 87.1% Nd, 62.3% Dy, and 81.7% Y), and 92.9% Al were extracted from CFA, respectively. Moreover, 93.1% of the ZnO activator was efficiently recycled, and the yield of red mud was only 14.9%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) results showed that the speciation transformation of Al/Si during CFA/ZnO roasting was as follows: mullite, quartz, amorphous Al2O3, and SiO2 → Zn0.75Al1.5Si1.5O6, kyanite and willemite → gahnite and quartz/cristobalite solid solutions. The change in the REEs occurrence mode hinted at the migration of most REEs in aluminosilicates forms with Si during roasting, and disassociation with Si into the acid-soluble form after alkali leaching. These results indicate that the coupling of Al-Si-REE in CF was broken by this ZnO sinter method, promoting the sequential and efficient extraction of REEs, Al, and Si from CFA. This study provides a green and efficient strategy for element recovery from CFA, substantially reducing residues and favoring REEs concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Fan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Lab of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education of China, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jin-Lan Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Lab of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education of China, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Duo-Rui Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Lab of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education of China, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Nie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Lab of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education of China, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Da-Yi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu X, Cui Y, Chen Y, Chang IS, Wu J. The drivers of collaborative innovation of the comprehensive utilization technologies of coal fly ash in China: a network analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56291-56308. [PMID: 35334046 PMCID: PMC8948057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Coal consumption brings a lot of coal fly ash (CFA). It requires interdisciplinary efforts in research, policy, and practice to improve the utilization of CFA. Although there have been a lot of achievements in technological innovation, the utilization of CFA is still difficult to match its output. So, it is urgent to explore how to guide its effective innovation. This paper uses social network analysis to discuss the characteristics of the collaborative innovation network of CFA comprehensive utilization technology in China. Then, this paper uses regression analysis to explore the differences in innovation performance under different research and development (R&D) backgrounds. The results show that (1) based on the network-level indicators, the collaborative innovation scale has an obvious trend of expanding. Partnerships increased from 20 to 574. Meanwhile, the network shows obvious scale-free and "small-world" characteristics, indicating that innovation resources are concentrated in a few organizations. (2) Based on the node-level indicators, the major contributor has shifted from universities and research institutions to enterprises. Enterprises account for the highest proportion (73%) and have the highest centrality (8.3). The betweenness centrality of the universities is 265, and only 14% of the organizations are universities which means universities play an important role in connecting different organizations in the network, but their participation in the collaborative innovation is insufficient. (3) Based on the collaborative relationship-level indicators, the cooperation is lack of depth. Only a small number of organizations, especially enterprises, have stable partners, showing the characteristic of "low cooperation width and high cooperation depth," which means fewer partners but more frequently collaborative innovation. (4) Based on the innovation performance, the innovation performance under the category of cooperative R&D, especially industry-academy cooperation, is better than that of independent R&D. But, industry-academy cooperation only occupied 43% of collaborative relationships in the network. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions for governments from five aspects: decentralization, defining roles of enterprise and university, encouraging collaboration, changing the idea of the patent application, and promoting deeper cooperation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yue Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - I-Shin Chang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jain S, Tembhurkar AR. Sustainable amelioration of fly ash dumps linking bio-energy plantation, bioremediation and amendments: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115124. [PMID: 35477138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of fly ash in dumps is posing serious environmental problem causing air pollution, groundwater contamination, and loss of valuable land making it unproductive dumpsites. Cultivation of plants using bioremediation technique is looked upon as one of the sustainable remedial solution to these fly ash dumpsites. In recent years, researches on the plantation of bio-energy crops over the fly ash dumpsites is creating renewed interest, as it serves remediation along with distinct energy outcomes creating a win-win situation. The issue of the slow growth of plants, due to lack of nutrients and microbial activities is being resolved through advances in bioremediation research done in conjunction with organic matter, microbial inoculants, and inclusion of wastewater. New researches are being done with different plants and microbes in the matrix combination and use wastewater to supplement nutrients requirement to find eco-friendly & sustainable solutions. The present paper critically reviews the research on bioremediation and amendments with specific to bio-energy plantation on fly ash dumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Jain
- Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
| | - Ajay R Tembhurkar
- Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zou J, Wang H, Chen H, Li H, Li T. Mineralogical and Geochemical Compositions of Ammonian Illite-Enriched High-Rank Coals of the Xingying Mine, Northeastern Chongqing, China. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18969-18984. [PMID: 35694528 PMCID: PMC9178714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ammonian illite (NH4-illite)-rich late Permian coals of high rank were discovered in southwestern China. This research reports new mineralogical and geochemical data of 11 bench samples from the adjacent Xingying mine, northeastern Chongqing Coalfield, southwestern China, with an emphasis on the modes of occurrence and origin of NH4-illite. The Xingying coals, with low ash yields and medium sulfur, have a high rank (semianthrite, R o,ran = 3.67%), owing to the plutonic metamorphism. Minerals in the coal consist of NH4-illite and pyrite and, to a lesser extent, jarosite, albite, and anatase, with traces of chamosite, quartz, bassanite, apatite, fluorapatite, florencite, and rhabdophane. Compared with world hard coals, vanadium is significantly enriched with a concentration coefficient (CC) higher than 10; Mo and Pb are enriched (5 < CC < 10); F, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Se, Y, Zr, Nb, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Cs, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb, Hf, Bi, and U are slightly enriched (2 < CC < 5) in the Xingying coals. Fluorine in host rocks, including roof, floor, and parting, is significantly enriched. Fluorine concentration in the coal may be increased greatly if the coal is mixed with host rocks during mining activity. Hence, the Xingying coals should be subjected to beneficiation before utilization for the environment and human health. The Al2O3/TiO2 and Eu anomalies demonstrated that the terrigenous materials come from the mafic basalts of the Kangdian Upland. NH4-illite is formed by interaction of pre-existing kaolinite or K-illite with NH4 + released from organic matter under high temperatures during the process of hydrothermal alteration. The authigenic chamosite, albite, quartz, anatase, apatite, fluorapatite, and rhabdophane are also deposited from the hydrothermal solutions. In addition, the Xingying coals are subjected to marine influences. Based on the preliminary evaluation, the Xingying coals cannot be a potential source for critical elements such as rare earth elements and yttrium. This indicates that not all the late Permian coals in southwestern China have economic significance for critical elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zou
- School
of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges
University, Chongqing 404020, China
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Exogenic Mineralization and Mine Environment, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School
of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges
University, Chongqing 404020, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School
of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges
University, Chongqing 404020, China
| | - Hang Li
- School
of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges
University, Chongqing 404020, China
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Exogenic Mineralization and Mine Environment, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Tian Li
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Exogenic Mineralization and Mine Environment, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hashmi AF, Shariq M, Baqi A. Use of HVFA Concrete for Sustainable Development: A Comprehensive Review on Mechanical and Structural Properties. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shen B, Ma J, Liu L. Stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash via hydrothermal treatment with coal fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:285-293. [PMID: 35427900 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk of heavy metals in hazardous municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA) is one of the most important concerns for its safely treating and disposing. This study investigated the stabilization behavior of heavy metals in FA using coal fly ash (CFA) as an additive via hydrothermal treatment. The effects of water washing pre-treatment and FA/CFA ratio on leaching behavior, speciation evolution, and risk assessment of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that 96.6-98.0 % of Cl can be effectively removed by water washing pre-treatment and hydrothermal treatment. Most heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) (>91.5 %) were stabilized in the hydrothermal product, rather than transferred to liquid phase. Tobermorite can be synthesized by adjusting Ca/Si ratio with the addition of CFA. The heavy metals were transferred into more stable residue fractions with increasing CFA addition, which resulted in the significant reduction of leaching concentrations and risk assessment code (RAC) of heavy metals. Among, the product with 30% CFA exhibited the most superior performance with the lowest leaching concentrations of heavy metals and RAC was at no risk level (<1). In addition, the economic performance of hydrothermal treatment exhibited a potential advantage by comparing with FA-to-cement, FA-to-glass slags and FA-to-chelating agent & cement solidification/stabilization. Therefore, the hydrothermal treatment coupled with water washing pre-treatment would be a promising method for the detoxification of FA, as well as synergistic treatment of FA and CFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Jiao Ma
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Lina Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Circular Economy of Coal Fly Ash and Silica Geothermal for Green Geopolymer: Characteristic and Kinetic Study. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040233. [PMID: 35448134 PMCID: PMC9026178 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of geopolymers has become an interesting concern for many scientists, especially in the infrastructure sector, due to having inherently environmentally friendly properties and fewer energy requirements in production processes. Geopolymer attracts many scientists to develop practical synthesis methods, useful in industrial-scale applications as supplementary material for concrete. This study investigates the geopolymerization of fly ash and geothermal silica-based dry activator. The dry activator was synthesized between NaOH and silica geothermal sludge through the calcination process. Then, the geopolymer mortar was produced by mixing the fly ash and dry activator with a 4:1 (wt./wt.) ratio. After mixing homogeneously and forming a paste, the casted paste moved on to the drying process, with temperature variations of 30, 60, and 90 °C and curing times of 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. The compressive strength test was carried out at each curing time to determine the geopolymer’s strength evolution and simulate the reaction’s kinetics. In addition, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was also used to observe aluminosilicate bonds’ formation. The higher the temperature, the higher the compressive strength value, reaching 22.7 MPa at 90 °C. A Third-order model was found to have the highest R2 value of 0.92, with the collision frequency and activation energy values of 1.1171 day−1 and 3.8336 kJ/mol, respectively. The utilization of coal fly ash and silica geothermal sludge as a dry activator is, indeed, an approach to realize the circular economy in electrical power generations.
Collapse
|
39
|
Pandey A, Kumar B. Utilization of agricultural and industrial waste as replacement of cement in pavement quality concrete: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24504-24546. [PMID: 35064477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) have been successfully utilized in concrete buildings, but they have been rarely exploited in concrete pavements. In recent years, due to the growing importance of concrete pavements, researchers have begun studying the performance of various types of SCMs from pavement perspective. The overview herein assesses the existing research associated with utilizing different kinds of silica-rich waste as SCM. For this purpose, five agricultural waste (AW) comprising rice husk ash (RHA), rice straw ash (RSA), corn cob ash (CCA), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) and three industrial by-products (IB), i.e., fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and microsilica (MS), were selected. Their effects on various properties of concrete were exhaustively reviewed. This study also furnishes reasons for limited literature on SCMs utilization in concrete pavements. Moreover, this review accentuates the previous studies' gaps, which require further research, such as the need for dedicated standard codes for AW utilization in concrete pavements. The guidance for future research to further enhance the properties of pavement quality concrete is also given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunabh Pandey
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India, 221005.
- School of Civil Engineering, MIT-World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Brind Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India, 221005
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kostić O, Jarić S, Gajić G, Pavlović D, Mataruga Z, Radulović N, Mitrović M, Pavlović P. The Phytoremediation Potential and Physiological Adaptive Response of Tamarix tetrandra Pall. Ex M. Bieb. during the Restoration of Chronosequence Fly Ash Deposits. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070855. [PMID: 35406835 PMCID: PMC9003187 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The challenging process of identifying and selecting plant species suited to the phytoremediation of fly ash (FA) dumps involves studying their functional properties and physiological response to a deficit of essential elements and toxicity from heavy metal(loid)-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesised that Tamarix tetrandra has high potential to be used for the phytoremediation of FA deposit sites thanks to its secretion strategy and antioxidative system. In this study, this hypothesis was examined by determining the bioconcentration and translocation factors for As, B, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn at the FA disposal lagoons at the ‘Nikola Tesla A’ thermal power plant in Obrenovac, Serbia, three (lagoon L1) and eleven (lagoon L2) years after the phytoremediation process had begun, and by measuring parameters of photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll concentration, non-enzymatic antioxidant defence (carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolics), oxidative stress (concentration of malondialdehyde—MDA) and total antioxidant capacity to neutralise DPPH free radical activity. Tamarisk not only showed the ability to phytostabilise As, Cr and Ni and to accumulate low-availability Mn, Zn and Cu, but also the potential to maintain the structural and functional integrity of cell membranes and stable vitality at L1 under multiple stress conditions due to the high synthesis of phenols and tolerance to increased salinity. However, toxic concentrations of B and Se in leaves induced oxidative stress in tamarisk at L2 (reflected in higher MDA content and lower vitality) and also decreased the synthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins and total antioxidant activity. In addition, the prooxidative behaviour of phenols in the presence of spin-stabilising metals from FA could also have resulted in their weaker antioxidant protection at L2. These findings indicate that the choice of tamarisk was justified, but only at the beginning of the phytoremediation process because its presence contributed to an improvement in the harsh conditions at FA deposit sites and the creation of more favourable conditions for new plant species. This knowledge can be of great importance when planning sustainable ash deposit site management worldwide.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhao M, Ma X, Chen D, Liao Y. Preparation of Honeycomb-Structured Activated Carbon-Zeolite Composites from Modified Fly Ash and the Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9684-9689. [PMID: 35350362 PMCID: PMC8945182 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, fly ash (FA) was successfully prepared into a honeycomb carbon-zeolite composite (CZC) with good adsorption and used for the removal of Pb(II) by a two-step method. Compared with general FA, the honeycomb structure of the CZC resulted in a ∼6× increase in the specific surface area, and the average pore size increased from 3.4 to 12.7 μm. The maximum adsorption capacity of CZCs for Pb(II) reached 185.68 mg/g in 40 min. The experimental data for the adsorption of Pb(II) by CZC showed that the results were in good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorbent prepared in this study has good application prospects in wastewater treatment and provides a new method for the resource recovery of FA.
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu M, Wu Y, Zhang P, Liu Z, Hu Z, Lu Q. Green and Moderate Activation of Coal Fly Ash and Its Application in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2582-2592. [PMID: 35089688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash (CFA) is an ideal source for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts due to its abundant silicon and aluminum oxides, but its activity needs to be improved. In this study, a green and moderate approach for CFA activation was proposed, and a series of CFA-based catalysts were prepared for NO selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The results indicated that CFA could be well activated via mechanochemical activation with 3 h of milling duration in 1 mol/L of acetic acid, and 90% of NO removal was achieved over the CFA-based catalyst in 250 to 375 °C. Two activating mechanisms, i.e., the enhanced CFA fragmentation and the motivated Al dissolution, were revealed during the mechanochemical activation. The former facilitated the formation of mesopores and the exposure of Fe components in CFA fragments, which enhanced the capacity of oxygen storage over the as-activated catalyst. The latter motivated the formation of Si-OH groups, which promoted the migration of electrons and the dispersion of V species, thereby increasing the capacity of NH3 adsorption over the as-obtained catalyst. Therefore, the performance of NO reduction was improved. The proposed activating approach could be a promising integration for CFA disposal and NO removal from inside coal-fired power plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yachang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Pingxin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zishu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao HX, Zhou FS, Evelina L M A, Liu JL, Zhou Y. A review on the industrial solid waste application in pelletizing additives: Composition, mechanism and process characteristics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127056. [PMID: 34547692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the cost of pellet additives as a substitute for reducing bentonite binder is an important research direction of new pellet additives. There are some industrial solid wastes that have the similar physical and chemical properties to bentonite, and SiO2 content of them may be much lower than bentonite, but also contains a lot of Fe2O3, Al2O3, MgO, B2O3 and other components beneficial to the quality of pellets, which have been paid more attention by many pellet workers. In this review, the effect mechanism of Fe2O3, Na2O/K2O, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, MgO and B2O3 in the industrial solid wastes on the fired strength and reduction expansion of pellets were systematically summarized. At the same time, the influences of five representative large scale modified industrial solid waste additives including iron tailings, bauxite tailings, fly ash, red mud and boron sludge on the properties of green pellets and finished pellets were described in detail. It can be seen that the applications of industrial solid waste in pellet additives can partially or completely replace bentonite binder, especially fly ash, red mud and boron sludge, which can not only improve the quality of pellets, but also decrease the cost, save energy and reduce pollution, with significant economic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Feng-Shan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Amutenya Evelina L M
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jin-Liang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Qi F, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Hou X, Li S, Yang C, Zhang J, Li H. Eco − utilization of silicon − rich lye: Synthesis of amorphous calcium silicate hydrate and its application for recovering heavy metals. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
45
|
Xu N, Yang Y, Peng M, Li Q, Xu C, Dai S. Toward the Threshold of Radiation Hazards of U in Chinese Coal through the CART Algorithm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1864-1874. [PMID: 35049288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high volume of coal used for combustion usually leads to a large amount of coal combustion residues (CCRs), which contain the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) decayed from U and Th in coals. The high radioactivity of NORMs can cause potential harm to humans if the CCRs are used as building materials. The activities of CCRs not only depend on the concentrations of radionuclides but also largely depend on the variations of ash yields of coal. On the other hand, ash yields significantly vary in coal from less than 1-50%. This indicates that similar concentrations of radionuclides in coal with different ash yields generally do not result in similar activities in CCRs. Therefore, it is significant to build a threshold of U in coals with different ash yield levels. In this research, based on the data of 945 coal samples from China and the selected optimal model using the classification and regression tree algorithm, the threshold of U for the radiation hazard is determined to be 7.98 mg/kg for coals with ash yields higher than 20%, while the threshold of U for the radiation hazard is 5.28 mg/kg for coals with ash yields lower than 20%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengmeng Peng
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanpeng Xu
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shifeng Dai
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhou H, Bhattarai R, Li Y, Si B, Dong X, Wang T, Yao Z. Towards sustainable coal industry: Turning coal bottom ash into wealth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:149985. [PMID: 34508934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the world is gradually moving towards renewable energy resources, the coal industry will continue to be a major energy supply sector in the foreseeable future. However, by-products such as coal fly ash (CFA), coal bottom ash (CBA), and boiler slag are generated during coal combustion, and have become a significant environmental concern. There is an urgent need for transdisciplinary efforts in research, policy, and practice to reduce these by-products substantially. Many studies have focused on the environmental management and comprehensive utilization of CFA. As a comparison, less attention has been paid to CBA. Therefore, this critical review provides a holistic picture of CBA, from the generation, fundamental characteristics, environmental concerns to potential applications, and benefits analysis. Based on the fundamental characteristics, CBA can be considered as a sustainable and renewable resource with great potential to produce value-added materials. High-value applications and current research related to CBA, including construction and ceramic industry, wastewater remediation, soil amelioration, energy catalysis, valuable metals recovery, and material synthesis, are systemically presented and compared. It emphasizes the environmental and economic benefits of the sustainable applications of CBA as well. Particularly, it indicates that CBA is a promising candidate in normal, lightweight, self-compacting, and ultra-high-performance concrete, which shows a reduction in both energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during concrete production. This work provides new insights into the greener and sustainable applications of CBA, and it will offer a practical guide for the sustainable development of the coal industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Zhou
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Rabin Bhattarai
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Buchun Si
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinxin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhitong Yao
- College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Failure Criteria and Constitutive Relationship of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete under Triaxial Compression. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020507. [PMID: 35057238 PMCID: PMC8777941 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the compression behavior and failure criteria of lightweight aggregate concrete (LAC) under triaxial loading. A total of 156 specimens were tested for three parameters: concrete strength, lateral confining pressure and aggregate immersion time, and their effects on the failure mode of LAC and the triaxial stress-strain relationship of LAC is studied. The research indicated that, as the lateral constraint of the specimen increases, the failure patterns change from vertical splitting failure to oblique shearing failure and then to indistinct traces of damage. The stress-strain curve of LAC specimens has an obvious stress plateau, and the curve no longer appears downward when the confining pressure exceeds 12 MPa. According to the experimental phenomenon and test data, the failure criterion was examined on the Mohr–Coulomb theory, octahedral shear stress theory and Rendulic plane stress theory, which well reflects the behavior of LAC under triaxial compression. For the convenience of analysis and application, the stress-strain constitutive models of LAC under triaxial compression are recommended, and these models correlate well with the test results.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhao H, Sun W, Wu X, Gao B. Sustainable self-compacting concrete containing high-amount industrial by-product fly ash as supplementary cementitious materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3616-3628. [PMID: 34392485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, utilizing large amount industrial by-product fly ash (FA) as the alternatives for cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC) had attracted more attention. In this study, FA was employed in SCC at five levels (0 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %). The mechanical behaviors, the water porosities, the transport properties, and the sustainability of FA series SCC were investigated. At the initial curing stage (3 days), the use of FA in SCC reduces mechanical properties and increases water porosity, water absorption and water absorption coefficient (sorptivity) of SCC. FA series SCC have the lower resistance against carbon dioxide attack and chloride ion penetration than cement-based SCC. The prolonging curing time is beneficial to improve the long-term behaviors of FA- blended SCC. After SCC made by 20 %, 30 %, and 40 % FA water-curing for 90 days, there are the reduction of 0.44-2.09 % in the mechanical behaviors and the increase of 0.082-0.41 % in the water porosity, compared to pure-cement SCC. Beyond the content of FA (40 %), the difference s of the mechanical properties and the water porosity between SCC with 50 % FA and fully cement SCC are below the value of 2.5 %. With the progress in the curing time, the largest reduction rates of the water absorption and the sorptivity in all SCC mixtures were found in 50 % FA-blended SCC. Utilizing 50 % FA in SCC reduces the total charge passed values of SCC. The manufacture of 50 % FA-blended SCC has the lowest energy consumption and released amounts of CO2, NOx, and SOx in all series SCC mixtures. The application of high-level FA to SCC is the positive assistance to prepare sustainable SCC with satisfying long-term behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Nanjing, 211112, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute, Nanjing, 211112, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhao H, Zhang J, Wu F, Huang X, Liu F, Wang L, Zhao X, Hu X, Gao P, Tang B, Ji P. A 3-year field study on lead immobilisation in paddy soil by a novel active silicate amendment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118325. [PMID: 34634408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal in industrial production, which can seriously threat to human health and food safety. Thus, it is particularly crucial to reduce the content of Pb in the environment. In this study, raw fly ash (FA) was used to synthesise a new active silicate materials (IM) employing the low-temperature-assisted alkali (NaOH) roasting approach. The IM was further synthesised to form zeolite-A (ZA) using the hydrothermal method. The physicochemical characteristics of IM and ZA amendments before and after Pb2+ adsorption were analysed using the Scanning electron microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) apparatuses. The results revealed the considerably change in the microstructure and functional groups of IM and ZA amendments, conducive to Pb2+ removal. Moreover, a 3-year field experiment revealed that the IM and ZA significantly improved the growth of rice and reduced available Pb by 21%-26.8% and 9.7%-16.9%, respectively. After 3 years of remediation, the Pb concentration of the rice grain reached the national edible standard (≤0.2 mg kg-1) of 0.171 mg kg-1 and 0.179 mg kg-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentration of acid-exchangeable Pb reduced, while those of reducible and residual fractions of Pb increased. There was no significant difference between the IM and ZA treatments. The potential mechanisms of remediation by the amendments were ion-exchange, complexation, precipitation, and electrostatic attraction. Overall, the results indicate that IM is suitable for the remediation of contaminated soil and promotes safe food production, and develops an environmentally friendly and cost-effective amendment for the remediation of polluted soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Northwest Bureau of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Northwest Bureau of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Xunrong Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Fuhao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiongfei Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China; Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Puhui Ji
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
An Assessment of the Phytoremediation Potential of Planted and Spontaneously Colonized Woody Plant Species on Chronosequence Fly Ash Disposal Sites in Serbia—Case Study. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010110. [PMID: 35009113 PMCID: PMC8747270 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of planted (Tamarix tetrandra Pall. ex M.Bieb. and Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and spontaneously colonized (Amorpha fruticosa L. and Populus alba L.) woody species for the phytoremediation of potentially toxic trace elements (TEs) such as As, B, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn, from the chronosequence fly ash (FA) deposit lagoons (L1 and L2) at the ‘Nikola Tesla A’ Thermal Power Plant (TENT-A) in Serbia were analyzed. The differences in the pseodototal and bioavailable (DTPA-extractable) concentrations and mobility (AR index) of TEs in FA at the examined lagoons are a result of the time-conditioned influence of weathering (3 and 11 years respectively) and vegetation development on changing the basic physical and chemical properties of FA (texture, pH, EC, CEC, C, N, and bioavailable P and K) and its toxicity. This resulted in differences in the concentration of TEs in the roots and leaves of the examined plants at L1 and L2. All examined species accumulated Cr the most in the root (BAF > 1 and TF < 1), which suggests that they are good stabilizers of this element. Biological indices for As (BAF > 1 and TF < 1) identified T. tetrandra and A. fruticose as good stabilizers of As. P. alba stood out as accumulating the highest levels of B, Ni, and Zn, T. tetrandra the highest levels of Cu, Mn, and Se, and R. pseudoacacia the highest levels of As and B in leaves (BAF > 1; TF > 1), which makes them good extractors of these elements from the FA at TENT-A. However, due to toxic concentrations of As, B, Se, and Zn in their leaves, they are not recommended for the phytoremediation of the investigated lagoons through the process of phytostabilization. Under conditions of elevated total Cu and Ni concentration in FA, the content of these elements in the leaves of A. fruticosa at both lagoons were within the normal range. This, in addition to a good supply of essential Zn, the stabilization of As and Cr in the roots, an increase in BAF, and a decrease in TF for B with a decrease in its mobility in ash over time, singles this invasive species out as the best candidate for the phytostabilization of TEs in FA at the TENT-A ash deposit site.
Collapse
|