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Xue Q, Yu G, Lu F, Dong Y. Fluorescent labelling combined with confocal differential Raman spectroscopy to detect microplastics in seawater. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124591. [PMID: 38850818 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
As an emerging marine pollutant, microplastics represent a focal point in global monitoring and management efforts. With seawater accounts for 97 % of the total global water resources, scientific assessments of microplastics in seawater are crucial for pollution control and management of marine environments. This study focuses on investigating microplastics in near-shore seawater and proposes a rapid and accurate detection method using a constructed confocal Raman spectroscopy detection system. By optimizing the pretreatment process of seawater microplastic samples, the efficient removal of organic matter interference in microplastic detection is achieved. Employing fluorescent labeling addresses the issues of prolonged detection time and high false positive rates associated with traditional methods, enabling rapid differentiation between microplastics and other substances and significantly enhancing detection efficiency and accuracy. Additionally, the use of differential Raman spectroscopy effectively mitigates fluorescence signal interference, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. By employing dual-wavelength laser excitation at 784 nm/785 nm, microplastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) ranging in size from 60 to 500 μm are successfully detected in seawater. The results demonstrate that the proposed pretreatment method for seawater microplastics and novel detection techniques enable rapid screening and comprehensive non-destructive detection of microplastics in seawater, thereby facilitating the characterization of marine microplastics and providing scientific support for enhancing the management of microplastic pollution and ecological risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Xue
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 266200 Qingdao, Shangdong Province, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Marine Physical Instruments and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Guiting Yu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Marine Physical Instruments and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fengqin Lu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Marine Physical Instruments and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China; Basic Teaching Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang Dong
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Marine Physical Instruments and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
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2
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Ermolin MS, Savonina EY, Katasonova ON, Ivaneev AI, Maryutina TA, Fedotov PS. Continuous-flow separation and preconcentration of microplastics from natural waters using countercurrent chromatography. Talanta 2024; 278:126504. [PMID: 38986309 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics is known to be ubiquitous in aquatic environment. Quantification of microplastics in natural waters is an important problem of analytical chemistry, the solution of which is needed for the assessment of water quality and potential risks for water inhabitants and consumers. Separation methods play a key role in the correct quantification of microplastics in natural waters. In the present study the applicability of countercurrent chromatography to the continuous-flow separation and preconcentration of microplastics from water samples in rotating coiled column (RCC) using water-oil systems has been demonstrated for the first time. The effect of column rotation speed and mobile phase (water) flow rate on the retention of the stationary (oil) phase in RCC is studied. The retention parameters of 10 vegetable and 2 synthetic oils are determined. Castor, olive, rapeseed, soybean, linseed, sesame, and sunflower oils are found to be applicable to the separation of microplastics from water samples using RCC. Taking as example polyethylene microparticles of different size (40-63, 63-100, and 100-250 μm), the high recovery of microplastics (about 100 %) from aqueous phase into castor and rapeseed oils is shown. The method has been proven to be efficient for the separation of microplastics from simulated fresh and sea natural waters. It may be perspective not only for the quantification of microplastics in natural waters but as well as for the purification of wastewaters containing microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Ermolin
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena Yu Savonina
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya N Katasonova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Ivaneev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Maryutina
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr S Fedotov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Bornt K, Linge K, How J, de Lestang S, Hovey R, Langlois T. Microplastic extraction from digestive tracts of large decapods. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116709. [PMID: 38991607 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The reliable quantification of microplastic contamination in chitinous organisms requires validated methods to remove interfering complex organic and inorganic material. This study trialled KOH, H2O2 and HNO3 digestion methods on the digestive tracts of two large decapods (Panulirus cygnus and Portunus armatus) to validate a protocol that facilitates reliable microplastic extraction. KOH digestion provided the best recovery (>95 %) of all polymers (e.g. polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride), with the lowest impact to their physical morphology and chemical spectra. While HNO3, and HNO3 + H2O2 treatments were more effective at digesting chitin, they destroyed polyamide, and altered several other polymers. High digestion efficiency did not result in high matrix clarification or high microplastic recovery for large decapods. This study emphasises the importance of validating species-specific microplastic extraction methods, whilst proposing additional post-digestion protocols, such as density separation, for complex samples, that can be applied in future research investigating plastic contamination in large decapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Bornt
- School of Biological Sciences and the Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Linge
- ChemCentre, PO Box 1250, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Jason How
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys, Western Australia 6025, Australia
| | - Simon de Lestang
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys, Western Australia 6025, Australia
| | - Renae Hovey
- School of Biological Sciences and the Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tim Langlois
- School of Biological Sciences and the Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Burke N, Müller G, Saggiomo V, Hassett AR, Mutterer J, Ó Súilleabháin P, Zakharov D, Healy D, Reynaud EG, Pickering M. EnderScope: a low-cost 3D printer-based scanning microscope for microplastic detection. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230214. [PMID: 38826048 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Low-cost and scalable technologies that allow people to measure microplastics in their local environment could facilitate a greater understanding of the global problem of marine microplastic pollution. A typical way to measure marine microplastic pollution involves imaging filtered seawater samples stained with a fluorescent dye to aid in the detection of microplastics. Although traditional fluorescence microscopy allows these particles to be manually counted and detected, this is a resource- and labour-intensive task. Here, we describe a novel, low-cost microscope for automated scanning and detection of microplastics in filtered seawater samples-the EnderScope. This microscope is based on the mechanics of a low-cost 3D printer (Creality Ender 3). The hotend of the printer is replaced with an optics module, allowing for the reliable and calibrated motion system of the 3D printer to be used for automated scanning over a large area (>20 × 20 cm). The EnderScope is capable of both reflected light and fluorescence imaging. In both configurations, we aimed to make the design as simple and cost-effective as possible, for example, by using low-cost LEDs for illumination and lighting gels as emission filters. We believe this tool is a cost-effective solution for microplastic measurement. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Open, reproducible hardware for microscopy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Burke
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gesine Müller
- Multiscale Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Vittorio Saggiomo
- Department of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jérôme Mutterer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS & Strasbourg University , Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Daniel Zakharov
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal Healy
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmanuel G Reynaud
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Pickering
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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Matyakubov B, Lee TJ. Optimizing polystyrene degradation, microbial community and metabolite analysis of intestinal flora of yellow mealworms, Tenebrio molitor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 403:130895. [PMID: 38801953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study explored a direct feeding of expanded polystyrene as the sole diet for breeding Tenebrio molitor larvae. Temperature and relative humidity were manipulated to evaluate polystyrene biodegradation efficiency, survival rate, and formation of micro-polystyrene residue. Efficient conditions were at temperature of 25 °C with a humidity of 65 ± 5 %. Comparative metabolomic and metabolic-metabolic network analyses was performed for visualizing detailed pathway. Possibility of forming 4 (p)-hydroxyphenylacetic acid from phenylacetic acid with further conversion to 4-methylphenol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxybenzoate could be seen as a side chain route for further biodegrading process. Key species identified in the gut of T. molitor larvae included Citrobacter sp., Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Klebsiella oxytoca. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected only under an anaerobic condition whereas Acinetobacter sp. was present only under an aerobic condition. These results demonstrate the potential to decrease micro-polystyrene by optimizing breeding conditions and biodegradation process of polystyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Matyakubov
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Teampanpong J, Duengkae P. Using feces to indicate plastic pollution in terrestrial vertebrate species in western Thailand. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17596. [PMID: 38948236 PMCID: PMC11212639 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a widespread and growing concern due to its transformation into microplastics (MPs), which can harm organisms and ecosystems. This study, aimed to identify plastic pollution in the feces of terrestrial vertebrates using convenience sampling both inside and outside protected areas in Western Thailand. We hypothesized that MPs are likely to be detectable in the feces of all vertebrate species, primarily in the form of small black fragments. We predicted varying quantities of MPs in the feces of the same species across different protected areas. Furthermore, we expected that factors indicating human presence, landscape characteristics, scat weight, and the MP abundance in water, soils, and sediments would influence the presence of plastics in feces. Among 12 terrestrial species studied, potential MPs were found in 41.11% of 90 samples, totaling 83 pieces across eight species including the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii), Dhole (Cuon alpinus), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis), and Butterfly lizard (Leiolepis belliana). Specifically, 3.61% of all potential MPs (three pieces) were macroplastics, and the remaining 96.39% were considered potential MPs with the abundance of 0.92 ± 1.89 items.scat-1 or 8.69 ± 32.56 items.100 g-1 dw. There was an association between the numbers of feces with and without potential plastics and species (χ2 = 20.88, p = 0.012). Most potential plastics were fibers (95.18%), predominantly black (56.63%) or blue (26.51%), with 74.70% smaller than two millimeters. Although there were no significant associations between species and plastic morphologies, colors, and sizes, the abundance classified by these characteristics varied significantly. FTIR identified 52.38% as natural fibers, 38.10% as synthetic fibers (rayon, polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and PUR blended with cotton), and 9.52% as fragments of PET and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Human-related factors were linked to the occurrence of potential plastics found in the feces of land-dwelling wildlife. This study enhances the understanding of plastic pollution in tropical protected areas, revealing the widespread of MPs even in small numbers from the areas distant from human settlements. Monitoring plastics in feces offers a non-invasive method for assessing plastic pollution in threatened species, as it allows for easy collection and taxonomic identification without harming live animals. However, stringent measures to assure the quality are necessitated to prevent exogenous MP contamination. These findings underscore the importance of raising awareness about plastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems, especially regarding plastic products from clothing and plastic materials used in agriculture and irrigation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Teampanpong
- Department of Conservation, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prateep Duengkae
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Gray A, Mayer K, Gore B, Gaesser M, Ferguson N. Microplastic burden in native (Cambarus appalachiensis) and non-native (Faxonius cristavarius) crayfish along semi-rural and urban streams in southwest Virginia, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119494. [PMID: 38936498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Our comparative assessment is the first study to investigate microplastic body burden in native (Cambarus appalachiensis) and non-native (Faxonius cristavarius) crayfish along a semi-rural and urban stream across different seasons. Crayfish, sediment, and surface water were collected, processed, and characterized using μRaman spectroscopy to compare microplastic polymer types and shapes across compartments. Average surface water concentrations were significantly higher in our urban stream compared to our semi-rural stream (17.3 ± 2.4 particles/L and 9.9 ± 1.3 particles/L, respectively; P = 0.015). Average sediment concentrations were similar between urban and semi-rural streams (140 ± 14.5 particles/kg and 139 ± 22.5 particles/kg, respectively; P = 0.957). Our findings showed a significant interactive effect of season, site, and nativity (i.e., species) regarding microplastic body burden in crayfish (P = 0.004). The smaller, non-native crayfish amassed more microplastic particles than the native crayfish (0.4-2.0 particles/g versus 0.4-0.8 particles/g, respectively). Fibers and fragments were the most common polymer shapes across compartments, with white and black being the dominant particle colors. Our study identified 13 plastic polymer types in crayfish and three in surface water and sediment; polypropylene was the most common polymer across compartments. This study provides evidence that crayfish body burden of microplastics can differ across species, seasons, and locations, highlighting the need for future studies to consider that sublethal impacts associated with microplastic body burden may vary by region and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 926 W Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
| | - Kathleen Mayer
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 926 W Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Beija Gore
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 926 W Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Megan Gaesser
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 926 W Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Nathan Ferguson
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 926 W Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA; Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Cheatham Hall, RM 101 (MC0321) 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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8
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Megha KB, Anvitha D, Parvathi S, Neeraj A, Sonia J, Mohanan PV. Environmental impact of microplastics and potential health hazards. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38915217 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2344572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Microscopic plastic (microplastic) pollutants threaten the earth's biodiversity and ecosystems. As a result of the progressive fragmentation of oversized plastic containers and products or manufacturing in small sizes, microplastics (particles of a diameter of 5 mm with no lower limit) are used in medicines, personal care products, and industry. The incidence of microplastics is found everywhere in the air, marine waters, land, and even food that humans and animals consume. One of the greatest concerns is the permanent damage that is created by plastic waste to our fragile ecosystem. The impossibility of the complete removal of all microplastic contamination from the oceans is one of the principal tasks of our governing body, research scientists, and individuals. Implementing the necessary measures to reduce the levels of plastic consumption is the only way to protect our environment. Cutting off the plastic flow is the key remedy to reducing waste and pollution, and such an approach could show immense significance. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the various aspects of microplastics, encompassing their composition, types, properties, origins, health risks, and environmental impacts. Furthermore, it delves into strategies for comprehending the dynamics of microplastics within oceanic ecosystems, with a focus on averting their integration into every tier of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - D Anvitha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Parvathi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - A Neeraj
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - J Sonia
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Rodina D, Roth C, Wohlleben W, Pfohl P. An innovative microplastic extraction technique: The switchable calcium chloride density separation column tested for biodegradable polymers, polyethylene, and polyamide. MethodsX 2024; 12:102560. [PMID: 38292316 PMCID: PMC10825483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracting microplastics from complex matrices poses challenges due to the potential impact of harsh chemical treatments on microplastic properties. For fate and hazard assessment reliable techniques are needed to not only quantify the particle number but also to assess the physicochemical properties of environmental microplastics with minimum changes induced by extraction. Here we present the method development for an innovative and non-destructive extraction protocol based on a switchable calcium chloride density separation column. In contrast to commonly reported extraction protocols, the presented technique is suitable for targeted microplastic property analysis (e.g., surface chemistry and texture) by keeping chemical treatments (such as oxidation and enzymatic digestion) to a minimum. By adjusting the temperature we can control the aggregate state of the highly concentrated salt solution, allowing to separate the microplastics from matrix by cutting of purified, solidified samples. Harsh chemical treatments are avoided, as well as obstruction of microplastic extraction by adsorption to matrix components when passing the tap at the bottom of traditional density separation funnels. The use of microplastics that were prelabeled with a fluorescence dye helped to solve difficulties observed during method development by visual inspection before measurement of extraction efficiency: We spiked a blank compost with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide (PA). Additionally, UV aged LDPE was used to demonstrate applicability to more hydrophilic, more environmentally relevant microplastics. The obtained initial results show high recovery of both unaged and aged LDPE over 97 wt.-% and an efficient compost removal but a lower and less robust recovery (between 68 and 18 wt.-%) for PA particles that are more challenging to extract due to an unfortunate synergistic combination of smaller particle size and higher density. Method adaptation to other microplastic types may still be necessary. In short:•A low-cost and simple approach without oxidation to extract (pre-aged) microplastics from compost•Method development by visual observation using fluorescent labelled microplastics and method validation by spike-recovery tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Rodina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Christian Roth
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Patrizia Pfohl
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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10
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Santini S, Exposito N, Sierra J, Cincinelli A, Rovira J. Set up and validation of a method to analyse microplastics in stool and small intestine samples. MethodsX 2024; 12:102777. [PMID: 38883588 PMCID: PMC11176779 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The contamination of microplastics in humans is of increasing concern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop effective methods to determine the concentration and types of microplastics entering human digestive system. To study levels of MPs contamination in humans, an excellent indicator are stools. Indeed, stools, and thus the digestive system, can be an excellent indicator of the level of MPs contamination in humans. Hence, objective was to find effective methods to extract, quantify and characterize microplastics in stool and small intestine samples. The samples studied were human stools and pig jejunum (which has human-like characteristics). The methods were optimized by observing extraction efficiency, compatibility by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization and non-deformation of the microplastics. The steps of the procedure were: • Sampling to avoid plastic contamination • Non-aggressive chemical and enzymatic digestion • Counting and characterization The methods were optimized and validated, observing recovery and repeatability. Therefore, two simple, effective methods with high analytical performance have been developed. The MPs present in the stool and intestine samples were counted by stereoscopic microscope and characterized by FTIR, finding several types of MPs such as synthetic cellulose, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Santini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nora Exposito
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Paisos Catalans Avenue 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Paisos Catalans Avenue 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Paisos Catalans Avenue 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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11
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Zandieh M, Griffiths E, Waldie A, Li S, Honek J, Rezanezhad F, Van Cappellen P, Liu J. Catalytic and biocatalytic degradation of microplastics. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230018. [PMID: 38939860 PMCID: PMC11189586 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge in annual plastic production, which has contributed to growing environmental challenges, particularly in the form of microplastics. Effective management of plastic and microplastic waste has become a critical concern, necessitating innovative strategies to address its impact on ecosystems and human health. In this context, catalytic degradation of microplastics emerges as a pivotal approach that holds significant promise for mitigating the persistent effects of plastic pollution. In this article, we critically explored the current state of catalytic degradation of microplastics and discussed the definition of degradation, characterization methods for degradation products, and the criteria for standard sample preparation. Moreover, the significance and effectiveness of various catalytic entities, including enzymes, transition metal ions (for the Fenton reaction), nanozymes, and microorganisms are summarized. Finally, a few key issues and future perspectives regarding the catalytic degradation of microplastics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Zandieh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Erin Griffiths
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Ecohydrology Research GroupDepartment of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Alexander Waldie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Shuhuan Li
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Ecohydrology Research GroupDepartment of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - John Honek
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Ecohydrology Research GroupDepartment of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Philippe Van Cappellen
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Ecohydrology Research GroupDepartment of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
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12
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Ding MQ, Ding J, Zhang ZR, Li MX, Cui CH, Pang JW, Xing DF, Ren NQ, Wu WM, Yang SS. Biodegradation of various grades of polyethylene microplastics by Tenebrio molitor and Tenebrio obscurus larvae: Effects on their physiology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120832. [PMID: 38599089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is the most productive plastic product and includes three major polymers including high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) variation in the PE depends on the branching of the polymer chain and its crystallinity. Tenebrio obscurus and Tenebrio molitor larvae biodegrade PE. We subsequently tested larval physiology, gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and PE degradation capability and degradation products under high-purity HDPE, LLDPE, and LDPE powders (<300 μm) diets for 21 days at 65 ± 5% humidity and 25 ± 0.5 °C. Our results demonstrated the specific PE consumption rates by T. molitor was 8.04-8.73 mg PE ∙ 100 larvae-1⋅day-1 and by T. obscurus was 7.68-9.31 for LDPE, LLDPE and HDPE, respectively. The larvae digested nearly 40% of the ingested three PE and showed similar survival rates and weight changes but their fat content decreased by 30-50% over 21-day period. All the PE-fed groups exhibited adverse effects, such as increased benzoquinone concentrations, intestinal tissue damage and elevated oxidative stress indicators, compared with bran-fed control. In the current study, the digestive tract or gut microbiome exhibited a high level of adaptability to PE exposure, altering the width of the gut microbial ecological niche and community diversity, revealing notable correlations between Tenebrio species and the physical and chemical properties (PCPs) of PE-MPs, with the gut microbiome and molecular weight change due to biodegradation. An ecotoxicological simulation by T.E.S.T. confirmed that PE degradation products were little ecotoxic to Daphnia magna and Rattus norvegicus providing important novel insights for future investigations into the environmentally-friendly approach of insect-mediated biodegradation of persistent plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Mei-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Chen-Hao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100089, China
| | - De-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wei-Min Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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13
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Taurozzi D, Gallitelli L, Cesarini G, Romano S, Orsini M, Scalici M. Passive biomonitoring of airborne microplastics using lichens: A comparison between urban, natural and protected environments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108707. [PMID: 38692149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Currently, natural and urban ecosystems are affected by different types of atmospheric deposition, which can compromise the balance of the environment. Plastic pollution represents one of the major threats for biota, including lichens. Epiphytic lichens have value as bioindicators of environmental pollution, climate change, and anthropic impacts. In this study, we aim to investigate the lichen bioaccumulation of airborne microplastics along an anthropogenic pollution gradient. We sampled lichens from the Genera Cladonia and Xanthoria to highlight the effectiveness of lichens as tools for passive biomonitoring of microplastics. We chose three sites, a "natural site" in Altipiani di Arcinazzo, a "protected site" in Castelporziano Presidential estate and an "urban site" in the centre of Rome. Overall, we sampled 90 lichens, observed for external plastic entrapment, melt in oxygen peroxide and analysed for plastic entrapment. To validate the method, we calculated recovery rates of microplastics in lichen. Particularly, 253 MPs particles were detected across the 90 lichen samples: 97 % were fibers, and 3 % were fragments. A gradient in the number of microplastic fibers across the sites emerged, with increasing accumulation of microplastics from the natural site (n = 58) to the urban site (n = 116), with a direct relationship between the length and abundance of airborne microplastic fibers. Moreover, we detected the first evidences of airborne mesoplastics entrapped by lichens. On average, the natural site experienced the shortest fibre length and the centre of Rome the longest. No differences in microplastics accumulation emerged from the two genera. Our results indicated that lichens can effectively be used for passive biomonitoring of microplastic deposition. In this scenario, the role of lichens in entrapping microplastics and protecting pristine areas must be investigated. Furthermore, considering the impact that airborne microplastics can have on human health and the effectiveness of lichens as airborne microplastic bioindicators, their use is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Taurozzi
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Gallitelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cesarini
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Corso Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy
| | - Susanna Romano
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Orsini
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Università di Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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14
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Mansfield I, Reynolds SJ, Lynch I, Matthews TJ, Sadler JP. Birds as bioindicators of plastic pollution in terrestrial and freshwater environments: A 30-year review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123790. [PMID: 38537798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global concern that has grown ever more acute in recent years. Most research has focused on the impact of plastic pollution in marine environments. However, plastic is increasingly being detected in terrestrial and freshwater environments with key inland sources including landfills, where it is accessible to a wide range of organisms. Birds are effective bioindicators of pollutants for many reasons, including their high mobility and high intra- and interspecific variation in trophic levels. Freshwater and terrestrial bird species are under-represented in plastic pollution research compared to marine species. We reviewed 106 studies (spanning from 1994 onwards) that have detected plastics in bird species dwelling in freshwater and/or terrestrial habitats, identifying knowledge gaps. Seventy-two studies focused solely on macroplastics (fragments >5 mm), compared to 22 microplastic (fragments <5 mm) studies. A further 12 studies identified plastics as both microplastics and macroplastics. No study investigated nanoplastic (particles <100 nm) exposure. Research to date has geographical and species' biases while ignoring nanoplastic sequestration in free-living freshwater, terrestrial and marine bird species. Building on the baseline search presented here, we urge researchers to develop and validate standardised field sampling techniques and laboratory analytical protocols such as Raman spectroscopy to allow for the quantification and identification of micro- and nanoplastics in terrestrial and freshwater environments and the species therein. Future studies should consistently report the internalised and background concentrations, types, sizes and forms of plastics. This will enable a better understanding of the sources of plastic pollution and their routes of exposure to birds of terrestrial and freshwater environments, providing a more comprehensive insight into the potential impacts on birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mansfield
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - S J Reynolds
- School of Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; The Army Ornithological Society (AOS), c/o Prince Consort Library, Knollys Road, Aldershot, Hampshire GU11 1PS, UK
| | - I Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - T J Matthews
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - J P Sadler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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15
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Zhao C, Huang J, Yang Z, Huang Z, Li C, Li H, Wu Z, Zhang X, Qin X, Yao S, Ruan M. An energy-efficient solution to sludge drying and combustion process through Camellia oleifera shells amended foaming. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120400. [PMID: 38417358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Foaming pretreatment has been proven effective in promoting sludge drying, however, the variation in sludge properties significantly influences the foaming efficiency. Inspired by foam stabilizer of solid particles, Camellia oleifera shells (COS) was screened out from various biomasses as an additive incorporated with the CaO for promoting the sludge foaming. For the introduction of COS, this study analyzed the drying behaviors of foamed sludge, quantified the surface cracks information, characterized the combustion performance, and evaluated the energy consumption. The results indicated that 46.72-50.10% of time could be saved in foaming the sludge to 0.70 g/mL by addition of 3.0 wt% COS. Compared with the original sludge (OS), the 0.70 g/mL foamed sludge saved 47.43% of time for sludge drying at 80 °C, and this value further increased to 53.14% with 3.0 wt% COS addition. Combining the multifractal spectra and drying kinetics analysis, the foaming promoted the formation of complex surface cracks in the warm-up period, while COS further improved the complexity of cracks in the constant rate period, and the shrinkage of isolated sludge blocks in the falling rate period, thus enhanced the moisture diffusion and heat transfer. Furthermore, the appropriate porous structure and additional volatile matters promoted the combustion performance. The 0.90 g/mL foamed sludge with COS presented the lowest activation energy of 180.362 kJ/mol in combustion. Overall, compared with OS, the 0.70 g/mL foamed sludge with COS saved 40.65% energy consumption during the foaming, drying and combustion processes, providing an energy-efficient solution for the sludge treatment and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410076, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhongliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Zijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Shirong Yao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410076, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, PR China
| | - Min Ruan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410076, PR China.
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16
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López-Rosales A, Ferreiro B, Andrade J, Fernández-Amado M, González-Pleiter M, López-Mahía P, Rosal R, Muniategui-Lorenzo S. A reliable method to determine airborne microplastics using quantum cascade laser infrared spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169678. [PMID: 38159775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The number of studies dealing with airborne microplastics (MPs) is increasing but sampling and sample treatment are not standardized, yet. Here, a fast and reliable method to characterize MPs is presented. It involves the study of two passive sampling devices to collect atmospheric bulk deposition (wet and dry deposition) and three digestion methods (two alkaline-oxidative and an oxidative) to treat the samples. The alkaline-oxidative method based on KOH and NaClO was selected for a mild organic matrix digestion. In addition, some operational parameters of a high-throughput quantum cascade laser-based infrared device (LDIR) were optimized: an effective automatic tiered approach to differentiate fibres from particles (>90 % success in validation) and a criterion to establish positive matches when comparing an unknown spectrum against the spectral database (proposed match index > 0.85). The procedural analytical recoveries were very good for particles (82-90 %) and slightly lower for fibres (62-73 %). Finally, the amount and type of MPs deposited at a sub-urban area NW Spain were evaluated. Most common polymers were Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The deposition rates ranged 98-1220 MP/m2/day, ca. 1.7 % of the total collected particles. More than 50 % of the total MPs deposited were in the 20-50 μm size range, whereas fibres were mostly in the 50-500 μm size range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián López-Rosales
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University Institute of Environment, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Borja Ferreiro
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University Institute of Environment, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Andrade
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University Institute of Environment, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Amado
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University Institute of Environment, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Pleiter
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University Institute of Environment, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University Institute of Environment, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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17
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Dimante-Deimantovica I, Saarni S, Barone M, Buhhalko N, Stivrins N, Suhareva N, Tylmann W, Vianello A, Vollertsen J. Downward migrating microplastics in lake sediments are a tricky indicator for the onset of the Anthropocene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi8136. [PMID: 38381821 PMCID: PMC10881056 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are a recent particulate material in Earth's history. Because of plastics persistence and wide-range presence, it has a great potential of being a global age marker and correlation tool between sedimentary profiles. In this research, we query whether microplastics can be considered among the array of proxies to delimit the Anthropocene Epoch (starting from the year 1950 and above). We present a study of microplastics deposition history inferred from sediment profiles of lakes in northeastern Europe. The sediments were dated with independent proxies from the present back to the first half of the 18th century. Regardless of the sediment layer age, microplastic particles were found throughout the cores in all sites. Depending on particles' aspect ratio, less elongated particles were found deeper, while more elongated particles and fibers have reduced mobility. We conclude that interpretation of microplastics distribution in the studied sediment profiles is ambiguous and does not strictly indicate the beginning of the Anthropocene Epoch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saija Saarni
- University of Turku, Department of Geography and Geology, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Marta Barone
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
- Daugavpils University, The Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Daugavpils LV-5401, Latvia
| | - Natalja Buhhalko
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Normunds Stivrins
- University of Latvia, Department of Geography, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Geology, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | | | - Wojciech Tylmann
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Gdańsk PL-80309, Poland
| | - Alvise Vianello
- Aalborg University, Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Jes Vollertsen
- Aalborg University, Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
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18
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Ge A, Zhao S, Sun C, Yuan Z, Liu L, Chen L, Li F. Comparison of three digestion methods for microplastic extraction from aquaculture feeds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168919. [PMID: 38030012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants found in aquaculture animals that may threaten human health through the food chain. However, there is a lack of effective methods for extracting MPs from aquaculture feeds containing complex components such as organic matter and fish bones. Therefore, in the present study, the extraction efficiency of three digestion methods using 30 % H2O2, Fenton reagent, and 30 % H2O2 + HNO3 for different particle sizes and types of MPs in aquaculture feeds was investigated and compared. The total digestion efficiency of the aquaculture feeds by 30 % H2O2 was 97.3 ± 0.1 %, while the recovery efficiency of MPs was 91.3 ± 1.1 % -103.1 ± 0.9 %. However, there was a large deviation in the extraction efficiency of MPs from aquaculture feeds by the Fenton reagent and 30 % H2O2 + HNO3. Notably, the surface morphology, particle size distribution, and oxidation degree of MPs hardly changed after 30 % H2O2 digestion. More importantly, the changes in the spectral features and carbonyl index of MPs after 30 % H2O2 digestion were smaller than those of the Fenton reagent and 30 % H2O2 + HNO3, which did not affect the identification of MPs. Overall, 30 % H2O2 was more efficient in extracting MPs from aquaculture feeds, and no significant effect on the characteristics of MPs was observed. This work provides novel insights into the effect of chemical pretreatment on the extraction of MPs in aquaculture feeds and provides an optimal protocol for the detection of MPs in aquaculture feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Ge
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Green and High-value Marine Fine Chemical, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Cuizhu Sun
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Zixi Yuan
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liuqingqing Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Fengmin Li
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China.
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19
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Ding R, Chen Y, Shi X, Li Y, Yu Y, Sun Z, Duan J. Size-dependent toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on the gastrointestinal tract: Oxidative stress related-DNA damage and potential carcinogenicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169514. [PMID: 38135073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have been generally regarded as emerging pollutants and received worldwide attention in recent years. Water and food consumption are the primary pathways for human exposure to MPs/NPs, thus gastrointestinal tracts may be susceptible to their toxicity. Although the recent report has indicated the presence of MPs/NPs in multiple human organs, little is known about their gastric effects. Therefore, this study focused on the adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on gastric epithelium in vivo and in vitro. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) revealed the distribution of PS-MPs was associated with their particle sizes, and predominantly concentrated in gastric tissues. Gastric barrier injury and mitochondrial damage were observed in rats after exposure to PS-MPs. Compared with the larger ones, polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) more significantly reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes while enhancing the level of MDA, 8-OhdG and γ-H2AX. Meanwhile, PS-MPs caused upregulation of β-catenin/YAP through redox-dependent regulation of nucleoredoxin (NXN) and dishevelled (Dvl). These findings supported the size-dependent effects of PS-MPs on oxidative stress and DNA damage. Moreover, the redox-dependent activation of the β-catenin/YAP cascade suggested a novel toxic mechanism for PS-MPs and implied the potential carcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xuemin Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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20
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Di Fiore C, Ishikawa Y, Wright SL. A review on methods for extracting and quantifying microplastic in biological tissues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132991. [PMID: 37979423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Literature about the occurrence of microplastic in biological tissues has increased over the last few years. This review aims to synthesis the evidence on the preparation of biological tissues, chemical identification of microplastic and accumulation in tissues. Several microplastic's extraction approaches from biological tissues emerged (i.e., alkaline, acids, oxidizing and enzymatic). However, criteria used for the selection of the extraction method have yet to be clarified. Similarly, analytical methodologies for chemical identification often does not align with the size of particles. Furthermore, sizes of microplastics found in biological tissues are likely to be biologically implausible, due to the size of the biological barriers. From this review, it emerged that further assessment are required to determine whether microplastic particles were truly internalized, were in the vasculature serving these organs, or were an artefact of the methodological process. The importance of a standardisation of quality control/quality assurance emerged. Findings arose from this review could have a broad implication, and could be used as a basis for further investigations, to reduce artifact results and clearly assess the fate of microplastics in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Di Fiore
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Yukari Ishikawa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie L Wright
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Parveen N, Joseph A, Goel S. Leaching of organic matter from microplastics and its role in disinfection by-product formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167640. [PMID: 37806590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is the primary precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs). However, as emerging environmental contaminants continue to increase in natural waters, there is a possibility of new precursors of DBPs. We investigated the potential of microplastics (MPs), a growing environmental concern, for leaching organic matter (OM) and subsequent DBP formation. Two experimental setups were used, including chlorinated water containing MPs (Cl2-MP), and non-chlorinated water containing MPs (Non-Cl2-MP), using polyethylene (PE), polyethylene tetrahydrate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as MP materials. The UV absorbance spectra of Cl2-PET/PP/PVC showed peaks at 218 nm, which were significantly correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), indicating lower aromaticity of the leached OM. The DOC concentrations in Cl2-MP samples were several times higher than those in Non-Cl2-MP samples. The leached OM from MPs formed trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in Cl2-MP samples. Among the MPs tested, PVC showed the highest total THM formation after 7 days, followed by PET, PE, and PP. Brominated THMs were predominant, while HAAs were highly chlorinated. THM formation increased with contact time for PE, PET, and PVC, and decreased for PP. Compared to THMs, the concentration of HAAs was low (highest total THM = 185.5 μg/L per g-MP and highest total HAA = 120.7 μg/L per g-MP). Further, the total THM concentration decreased and the total HAA concentration increased over the reaction period, indicating the leaching of different types of OM with increasing contact time. Additionally, the differences in the pattern of DOC leaching and DBP formation among different MPs suggested changes in the leached OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseeba Parveen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Anuja Joseph
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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22
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Surendran D, Varghese GK, Zafiu C. Characterization and source apportionment of microplastics in Indian composts. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:5. [PMID: 38044370 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP), small plastic particles under 5 mm, are pollutants known to carry heavy metals in ecosystems. Composts are a significant source of soil microplastics. This study examined MSW composts from Kochi and Kozhikode in India for microplastic concentrations and heavy metals' accumulation thereon. Microplastics were isolated using zinc chloride density separation, with Fenton's reagent used for organic matter oxidation. Resin types were identified using FTIR analysis that showed the presence of PE, PP, PS, nylon, PET, and allyl alcohol copolymer. In Kozhikode's compost, the average concentration of microplastics was 840 ± 30 items/kg, while Kochi had 1600 ± 111 items/kg, mainly polyethylene films. PE was the most prevalent resin, comprising 58.3% in Kozhikode and 73.37% in Kochi. Heavy metal analysis of MP showed significant concentrations of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, and manganese adsorbed on the surface of microplastics. The concentrations of heavy metals in the MP before Fenton oxidation ranged from 1.02 to 2.02 times the corresponding concentrations in compost for Kozhikode and 1.23 to 2.85 times for Kochi. Source apportionment studies revealed that 64% of microplastics in Kozhikode and 77% in Kochi originated from single-use plastics. Ecological risk indices, PLI and PHI, showed that composts from both locations fall under hazard level V. The study revealed that compost from unsegregated MSW can act as a significant source of microplastics and heavy metals in the soil environment, with single-use plastics contributing major share of the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Zafiu
- Institute of Waste Management and Circularity, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Rozman U, Blažič A, Kalčíková G. Phytoremediation: A promising approach to remove microplastics from the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122690. [PMID: 37797928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing amount of microplastics (MPs) in the environment, various technologies for their removal have been investigated. One of the possible technologies are phytoremediation methods, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between MPs and aquatic macrophytes limits their further development. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between polyethylene MPs and the floating aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor in terms of the extent and time frame of MPs adhesion to the plant biomass, the stability of the interactions under water movement and understanding the nature of the adsorption process through the adsorption isotherm models. The results showed that the maximum number of adhered MPs was reached after 24 h. With increased amount of plant biomass the number of adhered MPs increased as well. Slow movement of water had no statistically significant effect on the adhesion of MPs. Among several adsorption models, the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was the best fit to the experimental data, which assumes weak binding of MPs to plant biomass. Finally, 79% of MPs was removed during 15 cycles of phytoremediation (i.e., the biomass was removed and replaced with new biomass 15 times) and it was calculated that 53 cycles would be needed to remove all MPs from the water phase under test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula Rozman
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anej Blažič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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24
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Çelen Erdem İ, Ünek C, Akkuş Süt P, Karabıyık Acar Ö, Yurtsever M, Şahin F. Combined approaches for detecting polypropylene microplastics in crop plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119258. [PMID: 37806272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the terrestrial environment causes accumulation in crop plants. Consumption of these plants may have negative effects on human health. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze MPs accumulation in the plants. The aim of this study is to determine polypropylene (PP) particles in plants exposed to label-free PP for 75 days. In order to extract PP from organic matter, a two-step alkaline and wet peroxide oxidation chemical digestion method was applied to the roots, stems, and leaves of maize and wheat. The PP particles in the digested solutions were detected by the Nile red staining method, which has not been used previously in the detection of MPs in plants. Nile red stained PP particles mostly accumulated in the roots of wheat and the stems of maize plants. Statistical analysis revealed that the maize deposited more and larger PP particles regardless of the location. Moreover, the presence of PP particles in the digestion solutions was proved by the heating method. The PP particles on the glass slides were transformed into different shapes due to melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Çelen Erdem
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Ünek
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Akkuş Süt
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özge Karabıyık Acar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Okan University, 34959, Akfırat-Tuzla, Turkey.
| | - Meral Yurtsever
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Dehghanian Z, Asgari Lajayer B, Biglari Quchan Atigh Z, Nayeri S, Ahmadabadi M, Taghipour L, Senapathi V, Astatkie T, Price GW. Micro (nano) plastics uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: Challenges and prospects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115676. [PMID: 37979355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has emerged as a global challenge affecting ecosystem health and biodiversity conservation. Terrestrial environments exhibit significantly higher plastic concentrations compared to aquatic systems. Micro/nano plastics (MNPs) have the potential to disrupt soil biology, alter soil properties, and influence soil-borne pathogens and roundworms. However, limited research has explored the presence and impact of MNPs on aquaculture systems. MNPs have been found to inhibit plant and seedling growth and affect gene expression, leading to cytogenotoxicity through increased oxygen radical production. The article discusses the potential phytotoxicity process caused by large-scale microplastics, particularly those unable to penetrate cell pores. It also examines the available data, albeit limited, to assess the potential risks to human health through plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dehghanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Zahra Biglari Quchan Atigh
- Department of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Shahnoush Nayeri
- SP-Lab., ASEPE Company, Industrial Park of Advanced Technologies, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ahmadabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Leila Taghipour
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, PO Box: 74135-111, Jahrom, Iran.
| | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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26
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Moreira-Mendieta A, Garcia-Garin O, Muñoz-Pérez JP, Urquía DO, Drago M, Borrell A, Páez-Rosas D. Detection and quantification of microplastic pollution in the endangered Galapagos sea lion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:166223. [PMID: 37586531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris pollution poses a significant global threat to biodiversity, with plastics being the primary debris type found in oceans due to their low-cost production and high demand worldwide. Microplastics (MPs, <5 mm in size) are highly bioavailable to a wide range of marine taxa, including marine mammals, through direct and indirect ingestion routes (i.e., trophic transfer). Recently, MP pollution has been detected on the Galapagos Marine Reserve, so in this study we developed a baseline framework for MP pollution in the Galapagos sea lion (GSL, Zalophus wollebaeki) through scat-based analysis. We collected 180 GSL scat samples from the southeast region following strict quality assurance/quality control protocols to detect, quantify and characterize physical-chemical properties of MPs through visual observations and μFT-IR spectroscopy. We recovered 81 MPs of varying sizes and colors in 37 % of samples (n = 66/180), consisting mostly of fibers (69 %, x¯ = 0.31 ± 0.57 particles scat-1). The number of particles per gram of sample wet weight ranged from 0.02 to 0.22 (x¯ = 0.04 ± 0.05 particles scat wet g-1). El Malecón and Punta Pitt rookeries at San Cristobal Island had the highest number of MPs (x¯ = 0.67 ± 0.51 and 0.43 ± 0.41 particles scat-1, respectively), and blue-colored particles were the most common in all samples. We identified eleven polymers in 46 particles, consisting mostly of polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer, polypropylene, cellulose, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride. The textile, fishing, and packaging industries are likely significant sources of microfibers into this insular ecosystem. Our results suggest that the GSL is exposed to MPs due to anthropogenic contamination that is subsequently transferred through trophic processes. These findings provide an important baseline framework and insights for future research on MP pollution in the region, as well as for management actions that will contribute to the long-term conservation of the GSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Moreira-Mendieta
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Maestría en Ecología Tropical y Conservación, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Galapagos Science Center, Av. Alsacio Northia s/n, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador.
| | - Odei Garcia-Garin
- Universitat de Barcelona, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz-Pérez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Galapagos Science Center, Av. Alsacio Northia s/n, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador; University of the Sunshine Coast UniSC, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diego O Urquía
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Maestría en Ecología Tropical y Conservación, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Galapagos Science Center, Av. Alsacio Northia s/n, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Massimiliano Drago
- Universitat de Barcelona, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Universitat de Barcelona, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Diego Páez-Rosas
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Galapagos Science Center, Av. Alsacio Northia s/n, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador; Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Unidad Técnica Operativa San Cristóbal, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
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27
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Sá S, Torres-Pereira A, Ferreira M, Monteiro SS, Fradoca R, Sequeira M, Vingada J, Eira C. Microplastics in Cetaceans Stranded on the Portuguese Coast. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3263. [PMID: 37893986 PMCID: PMC10603649 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterises microplastics in small cetaceans on the coast of Portugal and assesses the relationship between several biological variables and the amount of detected microplastics. The intestines of 38 stranded dead cetaceans were processed in the laboratory, with digestion methods adapted to the amount of organic matter in each sample. The influence of several biological and health variables (e.g., species, sex, body condition) on the amount of microplastics was tested in all analysed species and particularly in common dolphins, due to the larger number of available samples. Most of the analysed individuals had microplastics in the intestine (92.11%), with harbour porpoises revealing a significantly higher median number of microplastics than common dolphins, probably due to their different diets, use of habitat and feeding strategies. None of the other tested variables significantly influenced the number of microplastics. Moreover, the microplastics found should not be enough to cause physical or chemical sublethal effects, although the correlation between microplastic ingestion and plastic additive bioaccumulation in cetacean tissues requires further investigation. Future monitoring in biota should rely on improved and standardised protocols for microplastic analyses in complex samples to allow for accurate analyses of larger samples and spatio-temporal comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sá
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.-P.); (S.S.M.); (C.E.)
| | - Andreia Torres-Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.-P.); (S.S.M.); (C.E.)
| | - Marisa Ferreira
- Portuguese Wildlife Society (SPVS), Estação de Campo de Quiaios, 3081-101 Figueira da Foz, Portugal; (M.F.); (R.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Sílvia S. Monteiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.-P.); (S.S.M.); (C.E.)
| | - Raquel Fradoca
- Portuguese Wildlife Society (SPVS), Estação de Campo de Quiaios, 3081-101 Figueira da Foz, Portugal; (M.F.); (R.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Marina Sequeira
- Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e Florestas (ICNF), Av. da República 16, 1050-191 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - José Vingada
- Portuguese Wildlife Society (SPVS), Estação de Campo de Quiaios, 3081-101 Figueira da Foz, Portugal; (M.F.); (R.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Catarina Eira
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.-P.); (S.S.M.); (C.E.)
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28
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Rafiq A, Xu JL. Microplastics in waste management systems: A review of analytical methods, challenges and prospects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:54-70. [PMID: 37647726 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported the presence of microplastics (MPs) in waste collection and disposal systems. However, current scientific studies on measuring MP occurrence in a waste management context are not comparable due to a lack of standardized methodologies. Consequently, the impact of MPs on ecosystems and human health remains largely unclear. To address the inconsistencies, present in published studies, this review thoroughly examines sample preparation techniques for transfer stations, landfill leachate, recycling, compost, and incineration ash samples. Furthermore, various analytical approaches such as flotation, filtration, and organic matter digestion, as well as morphological categorization, identification, and quantification, are subsequently rigorously assessed. The benefits and limitations of each methodology are evaluated to facilitate the development of accurate and effective methods for detecting and characterizing nanoplastics. Recent research suggests that plastic recycling and composting facilities are the primary environmental sources of microplastic pollution among different waste treatment methods. The most prevalent microplastic types discovered in waste management were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), with fragment and fiber being the most frequently reported morphologies. The review highlights a number of tactics that could be integrated into the methodology development for detecting microplastics in waste management systems (WMS), ultimately leading to better consistency and reliability of data across different studies. In essence, this will advance our comprehension of potential risks associated with microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Rafiq
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Jun-Li Xu
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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29
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Rani M, Ducoli S, Depero LE, Prica M, Tubić A, Ademovic Z, Morrison L, Federici S. A Complete Guide to Extraction Methods of Microplastics from Complex Environmental Matrices. Molecules 2023; 28:5710. [PMID: 37570680 PMCID: PMC10420958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable development is a big global challenge for the 21st century. In recent years, a class of emerging contaminants known as microplastics (MPs) has been identified as a significant pollutant with the potential to harm ecosystems. These small plastic particles have been found in every compartment of the planet, with aquatic habitats serving as the ultimate sink. The challenge to extract MPs from different environmental matrices is a tangible and imperative issue. One of the primary specialties of research in environmental chemistry is the development of simple, rapid, low-cost, sensitive, and selective analytical methods for the extraction and identification of MPs in the environment. The present review describes the developments in MP extraction methods from complex environmental matrices. All existing methodologies (new, old, and proof-of-concept) are discussed and evaluated for their potential usefulness to extract MPs from various biotic and abiotic matrices for the sake of progress and innovation. This study concludes by addressing the current challenges and outlining future research objectives aimed at combating MP pollution. Additionally, a set of recommendations is provided to assist researchers in selecting appropriate analytical techniques for obtaining accurate results. To facilitate this process, a proposed roadmap for MP extraction is presented, considering the specific environmental compartments under investigation. By following this roadmap, researchers can enhance their understanding of MP pollution and contribute to effective mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia and INSTM Research Unit of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy (S.D.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Serena Ducoli
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia and INSTM Research Unit of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy (S.D.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Laura Eleonora Depero
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia and INSTM Research Unit of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy (S.D.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Miljana Prica
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Tubić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Zahida Ademovic
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefania Federici
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia and INSTM Research Unit of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy (S.D.); (L.E.D.)
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30
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Rex M C, Debroy A, Nirmala MJ, Mukherjee A. Ecotoxicological significance of bio-corona formation on micro/nanoplastics in aquatic organisms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22905-22917. [PMID: 37520083 PMCID: PMC10375451 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The unsustainable manufacturing, utilization and inadequate handling of plastics have led to a surge in global plastic pollution. In recent times, there has been increasing concern about the plausible hazards associated with exposure to micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs). As aquatic systems are considered to be the likely sink for M/NPs, it is crucial to comprehend their environmental behavior. The bioavailability, toxicity and fate of M/NPs in the environment are predominantly dictated by their surface characteristics. In the aquatic environment, M/NPs are prone to be internalized by aquatic organisms. This may facilitate their interaction with a diverse array of biomolecules within the organism, resulting in the formation of a biocorona (BC). The development of BC causes modifications in the physicochemical attributes of the M/NPs including changes to their size, stability, surface charge and other properties. This review details the concept of BC formation and its underlying mechanism. It provides insight on the analytical techniques employed for characterizing BC formation and addresses the associated challenges. Further, the eco-toxicological implications of M/NPs and the role of BC in modifying their potential toxicity on aquatic organisms is specified. The impact of BC formation on the fate and transport of M/NPs is discussed. A concise outlook on the future perspectives is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camil Rex M
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Abhrajit Debroy
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - M Joyce Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
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31
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Nath J, De J, Sur S, Banerjee P. Interaction of Microbes with Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Agroecosystems-Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance. Pathogens 2023; 12:888. [PMID: 37513735 PMCID: PMC10386327 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are hotspots for the exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) between different bacterial taxa in the environment. Propagation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health issue that needs special attention concerning horizontal gene transfer (HGT) under micro-nano plastics (MNPs) pressure. Interactions between MNPs and microbes, or mere persistence of MNPs in the environment (either water or soil), influence microbial gene expressions, affecting autochthonous microbiomes, their resistomes, and the overall ecosystem. The adsorption of a range of co-contaminants on MNPs leads to the increased interaction of pollutants with microbes resulting in changes in AMR, virulence, toxin production, etc. However, accurately estimating the extent of MNP infestation in agroecosystems remains challenging. The main limitation in estimating the level of MNPs contamination in agroecosystems, surface and subsurface waters, or sediments is the lack of standardized protocols for extraction of MPs and analytical detection methods from complex high organic content matrices. Nonetheless, recent advances in MPs detection from complex matrices with high organic matter content are highly promising. This review aims to provide an overview of relevant information available to date and summarize the already existing knowledge about the mechanisms of MNP-microbe interactions including the different factors with influence on HGT and AMR. In-depth knowledge of the enhanced ARGs propagation in the environment under the influence of MNPs could raise the needed awareness, about future consequences and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Nath
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jayita De
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shantanu Sur
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Raju MP, Veerasingam S, Suneel V, Saha M, Rathore C, Naik A, Suneetha P, Ramakrishna SSVS. Seasonal variation and spatial distribution of microplastic pellets and their associated contaminants along the central east coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:68489-68503. [PMID: 37126173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pellets (MPPs) are one of the significant sources of plastic pollution on shorelines worldwide. In this study, for the first time, we have examined the occurrence of MPPs and their spatial and seasonal distributions, adsorbed contaminants, polymer composition, and ecological risks at eight renowned beaches of Andhra Pradesh, central east coast of India. A total of 3950 MPPs were collected from eight beaches along the central east coast of India during October 2020, representing pre-northeast monsoon (pNEM), and during January 2021, representing the northeast monsoon (NEM). The abundance of MPPs was higher during the NEM than those found in the pNEM. ATR-FTIR and SEM analyses were conducted to characterize the polymer types and weathering patterns of MPPs. Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) results show the MPP adsorbance of heavy metals such as Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The degree of contamination and polymer hazard risks of MPPs were assessed using the pollution load index (PLI) and polymer hazard index (PHI). The conducive wind and currents during the NEM lead to higher MPP abundance than during the pNEM. However, the spatial variations of MPPs showed significant differences among the beaches. This study revealed that the presence of MPPs on the beaches along the central east coast of India might pose a considerable polymer hazard risk to the ecosystem. The substantial surface weathering features of MPPs would lead to more toxic nanoplastics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallela Pruthvi Raju
- Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | | | - Vasimalla Suneel
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, 403004, Dona Paula, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - Mahua Saha
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, 403004, Dona Paula, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Chayanika Rathore
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, 403004, Dona Paula, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Akshata Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, 403004, Dona Paula, India
| | - Pilli Suneetha
- Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
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Yu F, Pei Y, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhang G, Ma J. Occurrence and distribution characteristics of aged microplastics in the surface water, sediment, and crabs of the aquaculture pond in the Yangtze River Delta of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162039. [PMID: 36746285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The artificial breeding of freshwater crabs in China has become the main source, accounting for 45.69 % of the total output in 2020. However, microplastics widely exist in ponds due to the addition of meals, and the aging and breakage of plastic tools, and people know little about the occurrence of microplastics in the environment and the tissues of crabs during the cultivation of crabs in ponds. In this study, the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in ponds and crabs were studied finely, and the types of microplastics produced by meals and tools and the aging degree of microplastics in different media were studied in a typical aquaculture experimental base in the Yangtze Estuary of China. After we digested all the samples, there were microplastics in the water, sediment, and inedible part of crabs and crab meals, mainly in fiber shape, with a particle size of 100~300μm, and they have a certain degree of aging. The abundance of microplastics in surface water ranges from 4.4 to 10.8 items/L, and that in sediment ranges from 28.6 to 54.3 items/100 g·dry weight sediments. The average abundance of microplastics in crabs was 23.9 ± 15.9 items/individual. The content of microplastics in crabs' intestinal tissue was the highest, followed by gills and hepatopancreas. At the same time, the microplastics found in crabs were positively correlated with crab body weight and negatively correlated with hepatopancreas index. The results show that in the process of artificial breeding pond feeding, microplastics will be released from the process of meals dissolving in water, and fall off due to wear and tear during the use of tools. Microplastics found in the water, sediments and the tissues of crabs were all aged. Humans have a risk of ingesting microplastics when they eat the tissues of nonedible parts of crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yizhi Pei
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xugan Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Guangbao Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Liu HM, Grist EPM, Xu XY, Lo HS, Wong ACY, Cheung SG. Microplastics pollution in the rivers of a metropolitan city and its estimated dependency on surrounding developed land. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163268. [PMID: 37031935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution and abundance of suspected microplastics (SMPs) in the surface water of a metropolitan city, as represented by four Hong Kong rivers, was studied during the dry season. Shing Mun River (SM), Lam Tsuen River (LT), and Tuen Mun River (TM) are located in urbanized areas, and SM and TM are tidal rivers. The fourth river, Silver River (SR) is situated in a rural area. TM had a significantly higher SMP abundance (53.80 ± 20.67 n/L) than the other rivers. The SMP abundance increased from upstream to downstream in non-tidal rivers (LT and SR), but not in tidal rivers (TM and SM), probably due to the tidal influence and a more homogeneous urban development along the tidal rivers. Inter-site differences in the SMP abundance were strongly correlated with the built area ratio (defined as the percentage of surrounding developed land area), human activities, and the nature of the river. About half (48.72 %) of the SMPs were <250 μm. Fibers and fragments were most abundant (>98 %), with most of them being transparent (58.54 %), black (14.68 %), or blue (12.12 %). Polyethylene terephthalate (26.96 %) and polyethylene (20.70 %) were the most common polymers. However, the MP abundance could be overestimated due to the presence of natural fibers. By contrast, an underestimation of the MP abundance could result from a smaller volume of water samples collected, due to a low filtration efficiency caused by high organic content and particle concentrations in the water. A more effective solid waste management strategy and upgrading of the sewage treatment facilities for removing microplastics are recommended to ameliorate the microplastic pollution in local rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric P M Grist
- College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - X Y Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H S Lo
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A C Y Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S G Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Rozman U, Filker S, Kalčíková G. Monitoring of biofilm development and physico-chemical changes of floating microplastics at the air-water interface. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121157. [PMID: 36716948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in the aquatic environment serve as a habitat for microbial life, on which they can form biofilms. However, how the development of the biofilm alters the properties of floating microplastics that are at the air-water interface and, therefore, not fully submerged, is not well understood. In this context, an aging experiment was conducted to monitor biofilm formation and changes in physico-chemical properties of low-density polyethylene (floating) microplastics over time. The growth of the biofilm followed the typical bacterial/biofilm growth phases and reached about 30% of the total mass of the microplastics, while the concentration of extracellular polymeric substances within the biofilm remained stable. Presence of chlorophyll a and urease activity indicated presence of photosynthetic microrganisms within the biofilm which was also confirmed by analysis of the biofilm composition. Chemical characterization by FTIR showed the formation of additional functional groups attributed to the formed biofilm, and SEM imaging showed cracks on the surface of the aged microplastics, indicating incipient degradation of the polyethylene. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of the aged particles for metals (Pb(II)) was 52% higher compared to the pristine ones. Aging increased the density and size of the particles; however, it did not lead to the submersion of the aged particles even after 12 weeks of aging, suggesting that additional environmental processes may influence the transport of microplastics from the air-water interface into the water body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula Rozman
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabine Filker
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 14, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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36
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Tuttle E, Stubbins A. An optimized acidic digestion for the isolation of microplastics from biota-rich samples and cellulose acetate matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121198. [PMID: 36736813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a growing concern. To analyze plastics in environmental samples, plastics need to be isolated. We present an acidic/oxidative method optimized to preserve plastics while digesting synthetic cellulose acetate and a range of organics encountered in environmental samples. Cellulose acetate was chosen for optimization as it can be purchased as a reference material, can co-occur with plastics in environmental samples and, if it can be completely digested, is a potential filter material for the collection of nano- and micro-plastics from natural waters. Other forms of particulate organic matter (POM) were chosen to provide a range of chemistries that might alter digestion efficiency and due to the interest in the community of isolating plastics from samples where these organics occur. For instance, microalgal POM occurs in lake and ocean waters, riverine POM in rivers, and inclusion of tuna provides a test for the suitability of the method for isolating plastics from animal tissues. The method is a one-pot overnight (16-18 h) digestion in 5 M nitric acid with 0.3 M sodium persulfate heated to 80 °C. The method provides quantitative removal of cellulose acetate (exceeding detection limits), near quantitative removal of microalgal POM and Albacore tuna tissue (>99%), but only 86% of urban river POM, all while retaining >99% by mass of C-C bonded polymers polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene and >96% by mass of polyethylene terephthalate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and %-C content analysis confirmed plastic polymer stability during digestion. However, some additives in appear susceptible to digestion with FT-IR results indicating the loss of N,N'-ethylenebis(stearamide) from polyethylene. This method provides a simpler and more effective method than many in the literature. We present recommendations for the application of this method, as well as limitations and areas for future improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Aron Stubbins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang J, Monnot M, Sun Y, Asia L, Wong-Wah-Chung P, Doumenq P, Moulin P. Microplastics in different water samples (seawater, freshwater, and wastewater): Methodology approach for characterization using micro-FTIR spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119711. [PMID: 36796150 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics of millimeter dimensions have been widely investigated in environmental compartments and today, studies are mainly focused on particles of smaller dimensions (< 500 µm). However, as there are no relevant standards or policies for the preparation and analysis of complex water samples containing such particles, the results may be questionable. Therefore, a methodological approach for 10 µm to 500 µm microplastic analysis was developed using μ-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with the siMPle analytical software. This was undertaken on different water samples (sea, fresh, and wastewater) taking into consideration rinsing water, digestion protocols, collection of microplastics, and sample characteristics. Ultrapure water was the optimal rinsing water and ethanol was also proposed with a mandatory previous filtration. Although water quality could give some guidelines for the selection of digestion protocols, it is not the only decisive factor. The methodology approach by μ-FTIR spectroscopy was finally assessed to be effective and reliable. This improved quantitative and qualitative analytical methodology for microplastic detection can then be used to assess the removal efficiency of conventional and membrane treatment processes in different water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Marseille, France
| | - M Monnot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Marseille, France
| | - Y Sun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Marseille, France
| | - L Asia
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | | | - P Doumenq
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - P Moulin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Marseille, France.
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Li Z, Wang J, Gao X, Du J, Sui H, Wu J, Zhong Y, Liang B, Huang Y, Ye R, Deng Y, Yang X, Huang Z. Investigation of Microplastics (≥10 μm) in Meconium by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy. TOXICS 2023; 11:310. [PMID: 37112537 PMCID: PMC10143218 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are prevalent emerging pollutants with widespread distribution in air, land and water. They have been detected in human stool, blood, lungs, and placentas. However, human fetal microplastic exposure remains largely under-studied. To assess fetal microplastic exposure, we investigated microplastics using 16 meconium samples. We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric acid (HNO3) and a combination of Fenton's reagent and HNO3 pretreatment methods respectively to digest the meconium sample. We analyzed 16 pretreated meconium samples with an ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. The result showed that H2O2, HNO3 and Fenton's reagent combined with HNO3 pretreatment methods could not digest our meconium samples completely. Alternatively, we developed a novel approach with high digestion efficiency using petroleum ether and alcohol (4:1, v/v), HNO3 and H2O2. This pretreatment method had good recovery and non-destructive advantages. We found no microplastics (≥10 μm) in our meconium samples, indicating that microplastic pollution levels in the fetal living environment are miniscule. Different results between previous studies' and ours underscore that comprehensive and strict quality control are necessary for further studies on microplastic exposure using human bio-samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organic Materials Testing Technology & Quality Evaluation, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organic Materials Testing Technology & Quality Evaluation, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haixia Sui
- Division III of Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jieling Wu
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Boxuan Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongyi Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Li T, Zhang W, Yu H, Hai C, Wang Y, Yu S, Tsedevdorj SO. Research status and prospects of microplastic pollution in lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:485. [PMID: 36933078 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging pollutant, microplastics have attracted widespread concern around the world. Research on microplastics was first conducted in oceans, and in recent years, inland water, especially lakes, has gradually become a hot spot. This paper systematically reviews the sampling, separation, purification, and identification technologies used to assess microplastics in lakes and summarizes the occurrence of lake microplastics worldwide. The results show that microplastics are widespread in lake water and sediment. There are obvious geographical differences in the occurrence of microplastics. The abundance of microplastics in different lakes varies greatly. The forms are mostly fibrous and fragments, and the main polymers are polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). Previous papers have failed to comment in as much detail on the microplastic sampling techniques employed within lake systems. The sampling and analysis methods are critical to accurately evaluating contamination results. Due to the widespread presence of microplastics and the lack of uniform standards, there are various sampling methods. Trawls and grabs are most widely used in the sampling of lake water bodies and sediment, and sodium chloride and hydrogen peroxide are the most widely used media for flotation and digestion, respectively. In the future, it will be critical to establish unified standards for lake microplastic sampling and analysis technology, further explore the migration mechanism of microplastics in lake systems, and pay attention to the impact of microplastics on lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Chunxing Hai
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Ser-Od Tsedevdorj
- Department of Geography, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, 14191, Mongolia
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Cherian AG, Liu Z, McKie MJ, Almuhtaram H, Andrews RC. Microplastic Removal from Drinking Water Using Point-of-Use Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061331. [PMID: 36987112 PMCID: PMC10054062 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics in drinking water has drawn increasing attention due to their ubiquity and unresolved implications regarding human health. Despite achieving high reduction efficiencies (70 to >90%) at conventional drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), microplastics remain. Since human consumption represents a small portion of typical household water use, point-of-use (POU) water treatment devices may provide the additional removal of microplastics (MPs) prior to consumption. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of commonly used pour-through POU devices, including those that utilize combinations of granular activated carbon (GAC), ion exchange (IX), and microfiltration (MF), with respect to MP removal. Treated drinking water was spiked with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fragments, along with nylon fibers representing a range of particle sizes (30–1000 µm) at concentrations of 36–64 particles/L. Samples were collected from each POU device following 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% increases in the manufacturer’s rated treatment capacity, and subsequently analyzed via microscopy to determine their removal efficiency. Two POU devices that incorporate MF technologies exhibited 78–86% and 94–100% removal values for PVC and PET fragments, respectively, whereas one device that only incorporates GAC and IX resulted in a greater number of particles in its effluent when compared to the influent. When comparing the two devices that incorporate membranes, the device with the smaller nominal pore size (0.2 µm vs. ≥1 µm) exhibited the best performance. These findings suggest that POU devices that incorporate physical treatment barriers, including membrane filtration, may be optimal for MP removal (if desired) from drinking water.
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41
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Minder ML, Colombo IG, Rountos KJ. Baseline assessment of microplastics in commercially important marine bivalves from New York, U.S.A. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114625. [PMID: 36736252 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination in bivalve mollusks has become a significant concern over the last few years. These ecologically and economically valuable species are popular seafood items for human consumption. As filter feeders, bivalves may ingest MPs in their bodies, possibly impacting their physiology and fitness. Additionally, a considerable amount of the seafood that humans consume comes from coastal areas where MP concentrations tend to be the highest. This research provides the first examination of MPs in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) that were grown locally in coastal areas of New York, contributing to a baseline for the northeast and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. A total of 48 eastern oysters (n = 12 per site, at four sites) and hard clams (n = 24 per site, at two sites) were sampled in summer 2021. While MP fibers and fragments (i.e. polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polypropylene) were found in some oysters, other contaminants (e.g. indigo dye, phthalocyanine, dye 823, etc.) were found in both bivalve species. Particle composition was verified using Raman microspectroscopy. Although mean MP concentrations were low in eastern oysters (i.e. 0.008 MPs g-1 of soft tissue wet weight; 0.125 MPs ind-1) and not found in hard clams, more research is needed to assess the magnitude of contamination in these edible bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Minder
- Department of Biology, St. Joseph's University, New York, Patchogue, NY 11776, United States of America
| | - Isabella G Colombo
- Department of Biology, St. Joseph's University, New York, Patchogue, NY 11776, United States of America
| | - Konstantine J Rountos
- Department of Biology, St. Joseph's University, New York, Patchogue, NY 11776, United States of America.
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Hafeez S, Qadir A, Aslam M, Aslam HMU, Rehmat MS, Ahmad SR. Environmental Risks of Microplastics on the Spatial and Temporal Gradient in a River Originating from the Western Himalayas. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:727-739. [PMID: 36636893 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics in different environmental matrices has raised many concerns about potential effects of microplastics on humans and freshwater ecosystems. In Pakistan, rivers potentially receive microplastics from anthropogenic activities in their catchments. However, research studies regarding microplastics' presence, distribution, and risks are scarce in Pakistan. To bridge the gap, the present study was conducted to evaluate microplastic pollution in the Chenab River. Surface water samples were collected from selected sites on the Chenab River using a manta trawl in the low-flow season during postmonsoon (October) 2019 and 2020 and in the high-flow season during monsoon (July) 2020 and 2021. Samples were digested, followed by density separation and filtration. Identification and polymer characterization of microplastics were completed using stereomicroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Microplastics were found in all samples with significant spatiotemporal variation in microplastic concentration, with an average of 45.98 ± 10.45 microplastics/m3 in the low-flow season and 34.66 ± 16.15 microplastics/m3 in the high-flow season. Among microplastic shapes, fibers were the most dominant shape, whereas polyethylene terephthalate (38.2%) and polypropylene (19%) were the most abundant polymers. Polymer risk index analysis and pollution load index demonstrated that most of the sites ranked as safe. The potential ecological risks from single polymers and combined polymers showed minor risks posed by microplastics. The present study is the first step to focus on microplastic pollution in the Chenab River; it will help river managers to mitigate the microplastic pollution without compromising the ecological integrity of the river. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:727-739. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Hafeez
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehmood Aslam
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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43
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Development of an Inexpensive and Comparable Microplastic Detection Method Using Fluorescent Staining with Novel Nile Red Derivatives. ANALYTICA 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica4010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent staining of microplastics as a detection method is consistently gaining importance in microplastics research, as it is fast, easy to use, and requires low technical effort. In this study, a complete procedure was developed, from sample collection to sample processing and detection, to measure microplastics with low cost and time requirements. The developed procedure was tested by measuring the microplastics in the effluent of a German wastewater treatment plant over a period of one year. The results show that the process is especially well suited to investigate temporal variations of microplastic contamination, which requires a large number of samples to be processed. Further, the precision and selectivity of the detection process could be improved by applying newly developed Nile red derivatives for fluorescent staining. A low budget modification of a microscope for fluorescent imaging is compared to a modification with precise optical bandpass filters. A script enabling automated microplastic detection and counting was developed, improving the accuracy and comparability of the process.
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44
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Myszka R, Enfrin M, Giustozzi F. Microplastics in road dust: A practical guide for identification and characterisation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137757. [PMID: 36610511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the environment by microplastics (MPs) in road dust poses a serious ecological and health concern. MPs have been detected in road dust worldwide and their presence has been mainly attributed to plastic litter fragmentation and vehicle tyre abrasion. Although current technologies such as Raman and Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy are capable of detecting MPs in road dust, the analysis of MPs shape and MPs smaller than 20 μm is limited and often labour demanding. More accurate, cost-effective and rapid techniques have now become necessary to analyse MPs in road dust, particularly since the development of large infrastructure projects that incorporate recycled plastic into road assets and roadside furniture. Nile red (NR) staining is a promising technique to identify MPs in environmental samples; however, it has not yet been applied to road dust. This study investigates the use of NR fluorescence microscopy to detect MPs in road dust and provides information about MP amount, shape and size distribution. The staining duration and temperature, solvent selection and NR concentration were optimised considering 33 different road dust materials, including 13 types of plastic. The NR staining procedure developed in this work is capable of successfully differentiating between MPs down to 1 μm and other non-plastic road dust materials. Future applications include assessing the contribution of plastic-modified roads to MP pollution, comparing the level of MP pollution in urban and rural areas and providing a rapid, simple, inexpensive and reliable monitoring approach for further studies to compare MP using a singular optimised methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Myszka
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Enfrin
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Filippo Giustozzi
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia.
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Pořízka P, Brunnbauer L, Porkert M, Rozman U, Marolt G, Holub D, Kizovský M, Benešová M, Samek O, Limbeck A, Kaiser J, Kalčíková G. Laser-based techniques: Novel tools for the identification and characterization of aged microplastics with developed biofilm. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137373. [PMID: 36435319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics found in the environment are often covered with a biofilm, which makes their analysis difficult. Therefore, the biofilm is usually removed before analysis, which may affect the microplastic particles or lead to their loss during the procedure. In this work, we used laser-based analytical techniques and evaluated their performance in detecting, characterizing, and classifying pristine and aged microplastics with a developed biofilm. Five types of microplastics from different polymers were selected (polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride) and aged under controlled conditions in freshwater and wastewater. The development of biofilm and the changes in the properties of the microplastic were evaluated. The pristine and aged microplastics were characterized by standard methods (e.g., optical and scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and then laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used. The results show that LIBS could identify different types of plastics regardless of the ageing and major biotic elements of the biofilm layer. LA-ICP-MS showed a high sensitivity to metals, which can be used as markers for various plastics. In addition, LA-ICP-MS can be employed in studies to monitor the adsorption and desorption (leaching) of metals during the ageing of microplastics. The use of these laser-based analytical techniques was found to be beneficial in the study of environmentally relevant microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pořízka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 61669, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Brunnbauer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-I(2)AC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Porkert
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-I(2)AC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ula Rozman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Marolt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Holub
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 61669, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kizovský
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Benešová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ota Samek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-I(2)AC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 61669, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Wright J, Hovey RK, Paterson H, Stead J, Cundy A. Microplastic accumulation in Halophila ovalis beds in the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114480. [PMID: 36566516 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small ephemeral seagrass (Halophila ovalis) beds in the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia, were sampled to determine if microplastics attach to seagrass blades and accumulate in higher concentrations in seagrass sediment compared to bare sediment. Three microplastics were observed attached to sampled seagrass blades (n = 108). Microplastics had a mean concentration in seagrass sediments of 1000 ± 100.37se particles kg-1 and in bare sediment of 972 ± 92.19se particles kg-1. ATR FTIR further verified 64.2 % of subsample particles as plastic (n = 28). This is the first known study to identify microplastics within the leaf canopy of H. ovalis however we could not support our hypothesis that this seagrass species acts as a sink for microplastic particles in sediments, as seen in studies on other seagrass species. The ability for seagrass habitats to trap and accumulate microplastics in sediments is likely influenced by species morphology, seagrass canopy density and life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joné Wright
- UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Renae K Hovey
- UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; School of Biological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Harriet Paterson
- UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; UWA Great Southern Marine Research Facility, Albany, WA 6330, Australia
| | - Jessica Stead
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Cundy
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
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47
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Piskuła P, Astel AM. Microplastics in Commercial Fishes and By-Catch from Selected FAO Major Fishing Areas of the Southern Baltic Sea. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030458. [PMID: 36766347 PMCID: PMC9913095 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
According to recent world wide studies, microplastics (MPs) have been found in many fish species; however, the majority of research has focused only on the gastrointestinal tract, neglecting edible organs. This study aimed to assess the presence of microplastics in the non-edible (gills, digestive tract) and edible organs (liver) of three commercial fish species and twoby-catch species from the southern Baltic Sea. Fish (Clupea harengus, Gadus morhua, Platichthy sflesus, Taurulus baublis, Cyclopterus lumpus) were caught in 108 and 103 FAO Fishing Zones belonging to the Polish fishing zone. The abundanceof MPs ranged from 1 to 12 items per fish, with an average of 4.09 items. MPs were observed in different organs, such as the liver, gills, and digestive tract of all five tested species. MPs recognized as fibers were the most abundant. Other shapes of polymers found in fish organs were pellets and particles of larger plastic pieces. The dominant color of the MPs was blue, but there were also red, black, transparent, yellow, green, and white items found. According to dimensions, dominant MPs were between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in size. The chemical characterization of polymers accomplished by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy demonstrated the abundance of cellophane, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl propionate, polyacrylonitrile, and polyester.
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48
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Curren E, Yew Leong SC. Spatiotemporal characterisation of microplastics in the coastal regions of Singapore. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12961. [PMID: 36711275 PMCID: PMC9876982 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, plastic production continues to increase at an unprecedented rate, leading to the global issue of plastic pollution. In marine environments, a significant fraction of plastic litter are microplastics, which have a wide range of effects in marine ecosystems. Here, we examine the spatiotemporal distribution of microplastics along the Johor and Singapore Straits, at surface and at depth. Generally, more microplastics were recorded from the surface waters across both Straits. Fragments were the dominant microplastic type (70%), followed by film (25%) and fiber (5%). A total of seven colours of microplastics were identified, with clear microplastics as the most abundant (64.9%), followed by black (25.1%) and blue (5.5%). Microplastics under 500 μm in size accounted for 98.9%, followed by particles 500-1000 μm (1%) and 1-5 mm (0.1%). During the monsoon season, the abundance of microplastics across various sites were observed to be > 1.1 times when compared to the inter-monsoon period. Rainfall was a closely related to the increased microplastic abundance across various sites in the Singapore Strait. This suggests that weather variations during climate change can play critical roles in modulating microplastic availability. Beach sediments facing the Singapore Strait recorded an abundance of 13.1 particles/kg, with polypropylene fragments, polyethylene pellets and thermoplastic polyester foam identified via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Hence, it is crucial to profile the spatiotemporal variation of microplastic abundance in both the surface and in the water column to gain a better understanding of the threat caused by microplastic pollution in the coastal regions of Singapore.
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49
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Maw MM, Boontanon N, Fujii S, Boontanon SK. Rapid and efficient removal of organic matter from sewage sludge for extraction of microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158642. [PMID: 36096229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is recognized as an emerging global issue; however, no standardized method for the extraction of these pollutants from the environment currently exists and existing methods are ineffective for specific environmental matrices. An appropriate organic matter removal method is essential for the extraction of microplastics from organic-rich sludge to minimize interference during their identification and enhance compatibility of the identification steps. The present study aimed to establish an effective technique for the digestion of organic matter-rich sludge using hydrogen peroxide and Fenton's reagent at varying temperatures, times, and concentrations of an iron catalyst. The organic matter removal efficiency of the five protocols utilized varied from 81.5 % to 87.1 %. Polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) retained most of their physical and chemical properties after the treatments, with minor changes in the surface area, weight, and FTIR spectra properties. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PET fiber, polyamide (PA) fiber, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) fiber were significantly degraded via treating with H2O2 at 50 °C for 24 h. Protocol 4, treating with Fenton's reagent (H2O2 (30 %) + (0.05 M) FeSO4.7H2O) at 50 °C for 1 h is proposed as a rapid and effective method for the removal of organic matter from sludge. In addition to its rapidity, this method minimally impacts most polymers, and its high organic matter removal efficiency is associated with a significant reduction of suspended solids in sludge. The present study provides a validated approach that facilitates as an effective organic removal step during the extraction of MPs in sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Me Me Maw
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73710, Thailand
| | - Narin Boontanon
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73710, Thailand
| | - Shigeo Fujii
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73710, Thailand; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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50
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López-Martínez S, Perez-Rubín C, Gavara R, Handcock RN, Rivas ML. Presence and implications of plastics in wild commercial fishes in the Alboran Sea (Mediterranean Sea). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158025. [PMID: 35973533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of plastic in the environment has become a major problem for marine ecosystems. The identification of the global micro and mesoplastic uptake by commercial fish populations may allow for a better understanding of their impact. This study aims to determine the presence and composition of plastic in two pelagic fish (Engraulis encrasicolus and Scomber scombrus) and two demersal species (Scyliorinus canicula and Mullus barbatus) from the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean) to quantify the relationship between plastic prevalence and the environment and feeding behavior in the selected fish species. Samples of these four fish species from sites in the Alboran Sea were studied for ingested plastics. These localized samples were also compared to published values which covered a broader geographical range. Samples from the Alboran Sea study sites showed that the predominant fiber color was black and the predominant plastic polymers were polyethylene and cellulose. At the Alboran Sea study site the highest plastic occurrence was found in S. scombrus, whereas in the published literature the highest occurrence of plastics in digestive tracts was found in E. encrasicolus. The general prevalence of marine plastic pollution and levels of macro- and micro-plastic ingested by commercial fish species in this study support the idea that quantifying plastic presence and composition may be essential to understanding potential impacts on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rebecca N Handcock
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Marga L Rivas
- Biology Department, Campus of Excellence of Marine Science CEIMAR, University of Cádiz, Spain.
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