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Hu J, Liu H, Li Y, Cao Y, Yang K, Liu W. Elucidating the sources and transformation of nitrate in the Xianyang-Xi'an segment of the Weihe River basin, Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35209-2. [PMID: 39370467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Urban rivers worldwide have been increasingly threatened by nitrate (NO3-) pollution. The Xianyang-Xi'an segment of the Weihe River, located in the loess plateau with serious soil erosion, has been highly urbanized and with intensive agricultural activities. Tracing the sources and transformations of NO3- is particularly challenging for this watershed which has multiple N sources and variable environmental factors. In this study, integrating antecedent studies with multiple stable isotopes and MixSIAR models, these river basins can be categorized into three classes: (1) urban areas, sewage, and manure were the predominant sources of NO3- in the Weihe River's mainstream, accounting for 73.4 ± 12.8%; (2) suburban areas, sewage and manure (Fenghe River, 58.0 ± 14.0%; Bahe River, 53.9 ± 15.0%) were recognized as the main sources of NO3-; (3) and the rural areas, ammonium nitrogen fertilizers were identified as the primary source of NO3- in the Heihe and Laohe Rivers. In addition, nitrification dominated the mainstream of the Weihe, Fenghe, and Bahe Rivers, while neither denitrification nor nitrification was evident in the Heihe and Laohe Rivers. In conclusion, this study is important for the improvement of surface water quality of rivers with different land use types and the development of targeted water environment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoxue Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, 710054, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, 710054, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yunning Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, 710060, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 710061, Xi'an, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, 710061, Xi'an, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Wang S, Li S, Ji M, Li J, Huang J, Dang Z, Jiang Z, Zhang S, Zhu X, Ji G. Long-neglected contribution of nitrification to N 2O emissions in the Yellow River. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124099. [PMID: 38703980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Rivers play a significant role in the global nitrous oxide (N2O) budget. However, the microbial sources and sinks of N2O in river systems are not well understood or quantified, resulting in the prolonged neglect of nitrification. This study investigated the isotopic signatures of N2O, thereby quantifying the microbial source of N2O production and the degree of N2O reduction in the Yellow River. Although denitrification has long been considered to be the dominant pathway of N2O production in rivers, our findings indicated that denitrification only accounted for 18.3% (8.2%-43.0%) of the total contribution to N2O production in the Yellow River, with 50.2%-80.2% being concurrently reduced. The denitrification contribution to N2O production (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.01) and N2O reduction degree (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.01) were positively related to the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. Similar to urban rivers and eutrophic lakes, denitrification was the primary process responsible for N2O production (43.0%) in certain reaches with high organic content (DOC = 5.29 mg/L). Nevertheless, the denitrification activity was generally constrained by the availability of electron donors (average DOC = 2.51 mg/L) throughout the Yellow River basin. Consequently, nitrification emerged as the primary contributor in the well-oxygenated Yellow River. Additionally, our findings further distinguished the respective contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) to N2O emissions. Although AOB dominated the N2O production in the Yellow River, the AOA specie abundance (AOA/(AOA + AOB)) contributed up to 32.6%, which resulted in 25.6% of the total nitrifier-produced N2O, suggesting a significant occurrence of AOA in the oligotrophic Yellow River. Overall, this study provided a non-invasive approach for quantifying the microbial sources and sinks to N2O emissions, and demonstrated the substantial role of nitrification in the large oligotrophic rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mingfei Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for the Water Source Region of the Mid-line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jilin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengzhu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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3
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Shu L, Chen W, Liu Y, Shang X, Yang Y, Dahlgren RA, Chen Z, Zhang M, Ji X. Riverine nitrate source identification combining δ 15N/δ 18O-NO 3- with Δ 17O-NO 3- and a nitrification 15N-enrichment factor in a drinking water source region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170617. [PMID: 38311089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Dual nitrate isotopes (δ15N/δ18O-NO3-) are an effective tool for tracing nitrate sources in freshwater systems worldwide. However, the initial δ15N/δ18O values of different nitrate sources might be altered by isotopic fractionation during nitrification, thereby limiting the efficiency of source apportionment results. This study integrated hydrochemical parameters, site-specific isotopic compositions of potential nitrate sources, multiple stable isotopes (δD/δ18O-H2O, δ15N/δ18O-NO3- and Δ17O-NO3-), soil incubation experiments assessing the nitrification 15N-enrichment factor (εN), and a Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) to reduce/eliminate the influence of 15N/18O-fractionations on nitrate source apportionment. Surface water samples from a typical drinking water source region were collected quarterly (June 2021 to March 2022). Nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.35 to 3.06 mg/L (mean = 0.78 ± 0.46 mg/L), constituting ∼70 % of total nitrogen. A MixSIAR model was developed based on δ15N/δ18O-NO3- values of surface waters and the incorporation of a nitrification εN (-6.9 ± 1.8 ‰). Model source apportionment followed: manure/sewage (46.2 ± 10.7 %) > soil organic nitrogen (32.3 ± 18.5 %) > nitrogen fertilizer (19.7 ± 13.1 %) > atmospheric deposition (1.8 ± 1.6 %). An additional MixSIAR model coupling δ15N/δ18O-NO3- with Δ17O-NO3- and εN was constructed to estimate the potential nitrate source contributions for the June 2021 water samples. Results revealed similar nitrate source contributions (manure/sewage = 43.4 ± 14.1 %, soil organic nitrogen = 29.3 ± 19.4 %, nitrogen fertilizer = 19.8 ± 13.8 %, atmospheric deposition = 7.5 ± 1.6 %) to the original MixSIAR model based on εN and δ15N/δ18O-NO3-. Finally, an uncertainty analysis indicated the MixSIAR model coupling δ15N/δ18O-NO3- with Δ17O-NO3- and εN performed better as it generated lower uncertainties with uncertainty index (UI90) of 0.435 compared with the MixSIAR model based on δ15N/δ18O-NO3- (UI90 = 0.522) and the MixSIAR model based on δ15N/δ18O-NO3- and εN (UI90 = 0.442).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lielin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute (iWATER), Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute (iWATER), Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Carboni MF, Arriaga S, Lens PNL. Effect of copper, arsenic and nickel on pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification. Biodegradation 2024; 35:101-114. [PMID: 37115375 PMCID: PMC10774168 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Pyritic minerals generally occur in nature together with other trace metals as impurities, that can be released during the ore oxidation. To investigate the role of such impurities, the presence of copper (Cu(II)), arsenic (As(III)) and nickel (Ni(II)) during pyrite mediated autotrophic denitrification has been explored in this study at 30 °C with a specialized microbial community of denitrifiers as inoculum. The three metal(loid)s were supplemented at an initial concentration of 2, 5, and 7.5 ppm and only Cu(II) had an inhibitory effect on the autotrophic denitrification. The presence of As(III) and Ni(II) enhanced the nitrate removal efficiency with autotrophic denitrification rates between 3.3 [7.5 ppm As(III)] and 1.6 [7.5 ppm Ni(II)] times faster than the experiment without any metal(loid) supplementation. The Cu(II) batches, instead, decreased the denitrification kinetics with 16, 40 and 28% compared to the no-metal(loid) control for the 2, 5 and 7.5 ppm incubations, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that autotrophic denitrification with pyrite as electron donor, also with Cu(II) and Ni(II) additions, fits better a zero-order model, while the As(III) incubation followed first-order kinetic. The investigation of the extracellular polymeric substances content and composition showed more abundance of proteins, fulvic and humic acids in the metal(loid) exposed biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Carboni
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
- School of Natural Science and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Sonia Arriaga
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, CP, Mexico
| | - Piet N L Lens
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
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5
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Wang S, Lyu T, Li S, Jiang Z, Dang Z, Zhu X, Hu W, Yue FJ, Ji G. Unignorable enzyme-specific isotope fractionation for nitrate source identification in aquatic ecosystem. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140771. [PMID: 38000558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination in aquatic systems is a widespread problem across the world. The isotopic composition (δ15N, δ18O) of nitrate and their isotope effect (15ε, 18ε) can facilitate the identification of the source and transformation of nitrate. Although previous researches claimed the isotope fractionations may change the original δ15N/δ18O values and further bias identification of nitrate sources, isotope effect was often ignored due to its complexity. To fill the gap between the understanding and application, it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of isotopic fractionation based on available evidence. In this regard, this study summarized the available methods to determine isotope effects, thereby systematically comparing the magnitude of isotope effects (15ε and 18ε) in nitrification, denitrification and anammox. We found that the enzymatic reaction plays the key role in isotope fractionations, which is significantly affected by the difference in the affinity, substrate channel properties and redox potential of active site. Due to the overlapping of microbial processes and accumulation of uncertainties, the significant isotope effects at small scales inevitably decrease in large-scale ecosystems. However, the proportionality of N and O isotope fractionation (δ18O/δ15N; 18ε/15ε) associated with nitrate reduction generally follows enzyme-specific proportionalities (i.e., Nar, 0.95; Nap, 0.57; eukNR, 0.98) in aquatic ecosystems, providing enzyme-specific constant factors for the identification of nitrate transformation. With these results, this study finally discussed feasible source portioning methods when considering the isotope effect and aimed to improve the accuracy in nitrate source identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhuo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengzhu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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6
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You A, Hua L, Hu J, Tian J, Ding T, Cheng N, Hu L. Patters of reactive nitrogen removal at the waters in the semi-constructed wetland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118733. [PMID: 37562250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Protection and rectification patters of urban wetlands have been considered in strategies to balance services to society and negative consequences of excess reactive nitrogen (Nr) loading. However, the knowledge about strategies of semi-constructed wetlands on nitrogen (N) cycling pathways and removal Nr from the overlying water is limited. This study aimed to reveal considerable differences among rectification patterns of the typical semi-constructed wetland (Xixi wetland), comprising rational exploitation area (REA), rehabilitation and reconstruction area (RRA), and conservation area (CA) by analyzing the N distribution and N protentional pathways among them. Results pointed out that both NH4+ and NO3- concentration were prominently higher in REA, as opposed to CA and RRA. Sediments in RRA had relatively higher NH4+ content, indicating the efficiency of dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNRA) in RRA. Moreover, there was a significant shift in the microbial community structure across different sites and sediments. Metagenomic analysis distinguished the N cycling pathways, with nitrification (M00804), denitrification (M00529), and DNRA (M00530) being the crucial pathways in the semi-constructed wetland. The relative abundance of N metabolic pathways (ko00910) varied among different types of sediments, being more abundant in shore and rhizosphere areas and less abundant in bottom sediments. Methylobacter and Nitrospira were the predominant nitrifiers in shore sediments, while Methylocystis was enriched in the bottom sediments and rhizosphere soils. Furthermore, Anaeromyxobacter, Anaerolinea, Dechloromonas, Nocardioides, and Methylocystis were identified as the primary denitrifiers with N reductase genes (nirK, nirS, or nosZ). Among these, Anaeromyxobacter, Dechloromonas, and Methylocystis were the primary contributors containing the nosZ gene in semi-constructed wetlands, driving the conversion of N2O to N2. This study provides important insights into rectification-dependent Nr removal from the overlying water in terms of N distribution and N metabolic functional microbial communities in the semi-constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiju You
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary, Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning & Design, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary, Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning & Design, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary, Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning & Design, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Junsong Tian
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tao Ding
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Na Cheng
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Zhang W, Guan A, Peng Q, Qi W, Qu J. Microbe-mediated simultaneous nitrogen reduction and sulfamethoxazole/N-acetylsulfamethoxazole removal in lab-scale constructed wetlands. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120233. [PMID: 37352676 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are increasingly used to treat complex pollution such as nitrogen and emerging organic micropollutants from anthropogenic sources. In this study, the denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and nitrous oxide release rates following exposure to the frequently detected sulfonamides sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and its human metabolite, N-acetylsulfamethoxazole (N-SMX), were investigated in lab-scale CWs. Over a period of 190 d, the denitrification rates were noticeably inhibited in the SMX and N-SMX groups at week 5. Subsequently, the denitrification rates recovered, accompanied by an increase in the relevant nitrogen reduction and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The composition of the microbial community also changed during this process. After the denitrification rates recovered, Burkholderia_Paraburkholderia and Gordonia exhibited a significant positive correlation with SMX exposure, which simultaneously reduced nitrate concentrations and degraded antibiotics. Burkholderia_Paraburkholderia is a key carrier of ARGs. Finally, nitrogen reduction (> 90%) and antibiotic removal (> 80%) also recovered in both SMX- and N-SMX-exposed lab-scale CWs during the operation, which revealed the interaction of SMX or N-SMX removal and nitrogen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aomei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Yan R, Wang F, Wang Y, Chen N. Pollution abatement reducing the river N 2O emissions although it is partially offset by a warming climate: Insights from an urbanized watershed study. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119934. [PMID: 37043873 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global nitrogen (N) pollution has resulted in increased river nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which contribute to climate change. However, little is known about how pollution abatement conversely reduces river N2O production in a warming climate. Here, field observations and microcosmic experiments were conducted in a coastal urbanized watershed (S.E. China) to explore the interactive effect of changing nitrate and temperature on river sediment denitrification (DNF) and N2O production. The results showed that urban river reaches (UR) with higher organic carbon content and denitrifying gene abundance in sediments have a greater DNF rate, nitrate removal efficiency (NRE), and N2O concentration than agricultural river reaches (AR). Microcosmic incubation suggested that the DNF rate and associated N2O production decreased under low nitrate addition, wherein the NRE increased. The scenario simulation illustrated a nonlinear response of N2O production to nitrate removal (i.e., ΔN2O/ΔNO3-N) from both UR and AR sediments at a given temperature, and the DNF rate and N2O production increased with increasing temperature. An increase in temperature by 1 degree Celsius would offset 18.75% of the N2O reduction by nitrate removal via DNF. These findings implied that watershed pollution abatement undoubtedly contributes to the reduction in global river N2O emissions although it is partially offset by extra N2O production caused by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fenfang Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Nengwang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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9
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Chen X, Zheng L, Zhu M, Jiang C, Dong X, Chen Y. Quantitative identification of nitrate and sulfate sources of a multiple land-use area impacted by mine drainage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116551. [PMID: 36283198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in urbanization and intensive coal mining activities have accelerated the deterioration of surface water quality. Environmental problems caused by the accumulation of nitrate and sulfate from natural, urban, and agricultural sources have attracted extensive attention. Information on nitrate and sulfate sources and their transformations is crucial for understanding the nitrogen and sulfur cycles in surface water. In this study, we monitored nitrate and sulfate in three representative rivers in mining cities in northern China. The main pollution sources and biogeochemical processes were identified by using stable isotopes (δD, δ18OH2O, δ15N, δ18ONO3, δ34S and δ18OSO4) and hydrochemistry. The contribution of natural and anthropogenic sources was quantitatively estimated based on a Bayesian mixed model. The results indicated a large variation in sulfate and nitrate sources between the different rivers. Nitrate in the Tuohe River mainly derived from manure/sewage (57.9%) and soil N (26.9%), while sulfate mainly derived from manure/sewage (41.7%) and evaporite dissolution (26.8%). For the Suihe River, nitrate was primarily sourced from chemical fertilizer (37.9%) and soil nitrogen (34.8%), while sulfate was mainly sourced from manure/sewage (33.1%) and chemical fertilizer (21.4%). For the Huihe River, nitrate mainly derived from mine drainage (56.6%) and manure/sewage (30.6%), while sulfate predominantly originated from mine drainage (58.3%) and evaporite dissolution (12.9%). Microbial nitrification was the major pathway for the migration and transformation of nitrate in the surface water. However, denitrification and bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) did not play a significant role as aerobic conditions prevailed. In this study, we elucidated the sources and transformation mechanisms of nitrate and sulfate. Additionally, we provided a reference for formulating a comprehensive strategy for effective management and remediation of surface water contaminated with nitrate and sulfate in mining cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xianglin Dong
- Geological Survey Division, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei, 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal Mine Ecological Environment Protection, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
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Zhang J, Cao M, Jin M, Huang X, Zhang Z, Kang F. Identifying the source and transformation of riverine nitrates in a karst watershed, North China: Comprehensive use of major ions, multiple isotopes and a Bayesian model. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 246:103957. [PMID: 35176529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) contamination of surface water is a globally concern, especially in karstic regions affected by intensive agricultural activities. This study combines hydrochemistry, and environmental isotopes (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3, and δ18ONO3) with a Bayesian isotope mixing model (Simmr) to reduce the uncertainty in estimating the contributions of different pollution sources. Samples were collected from 32 surface water sites in the Yufu River (YFR) watershed, North China, in September and December 2019. The results revealed that NO3--N was the predominant form of inorganic nitrogen that caused the deterioration of water quality in the watershed, accounting for approximately 58% of the total nitrogen (TN). The hydrochemical compositions and nitrate isotopes indicated that NO3- mainly originated from soil nitrogen (SN), ammonium fertilizer (AF), but nitrate fertilizer (NF), manure and sewage (M&S) and atmospheric precipitation (AP) were limited. The isotopic composition of nitrate in the upper reaches of the watershed was mainly affected by microbial nitrification, while the mixture of multiple sources was the dominant nitrogen transformation process in the mid-lower reaches of the watershed. Simmr model outputs revealed that SN (56.5%) and AF (29.5%) were the primary contributor to riverine NO3- pollution, followed by NF (7.1%), MS (3.6%), and AP (3.4%) sources. Moreover, an uncertainty index (UI90) of the isotope mixing showed that SN (0.73) and AF (0.67) had the highest values, followed by NF (0.22), M&S (0.22) and AP (0.10). Chemical fertilizer and SN collectively contributed >50% of nitrate during the two sampling campaigns. These results indicated that reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizers and rational irrigation are the keys to alleviate of NO3- pollution. The study is helpful in understanding the source and transformation of riverine NO3- and effectively reducing NO3- pollution in karst agricultural rivers or watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mingda Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China
| | - Menggui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fengxin Kang
- Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Jinan 250013, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Research Center of Groundwater Environment Protection and Remediation, Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China
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11
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Liu H, Wu M, Guo X, Gao H, Xu Y. Isotope fractionation (δ 13C, δ 15N) and microbial community response in degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by biostimulation in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7604-7613. [PMID: 34480300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the isotope effects of δ13C and δ15N and microbial response during biodegradation of hydrocarbons by biostimulation with nitrate or compost in the petroleum-contaminated soil. Compost and KNO3 amendments promoted the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal accompanied by a significant increase of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla. Soil alpha diversity decreased after 90 days of biostimulation. An inverse significant carbon isotope effect (εc = 16.6 ± 0.8‰) and strong significant nitrogen isotope effect (εN = -24.20 ± 9.54‰) were shown by the KNO3 supplementation. For compost amendment, significant carbon and nitrogen isotope effect were εc = 38.8 ± 1.1‰ and εN = -79.49 ± 16.41‰, respectively. A clear difference of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation was evident by KNO3 or compost amendment, which indicated that the mechanisms of petroleum degradation by adding compost or KNO3 may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Manli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Xiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yinrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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12
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Ji Z, Tang W, Pei Y. Constructed wetland substrates: A review on development, function mechanisms, and application in contaminants removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131564. [PMID: 34298298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are economical, efficient, and sustainable wastewater treatment method. Substrates in CWs inextricably link with the other key components and significantly influence the performance and sustainability of CWs. Gradually, CWs have been applied to treat more complex contaminants from different fields, thus has brought forward new demand on substrates for enhancing the performance and sustainability of CWs. Various materials have been used as substrates in CWs, and their individual characteristics and application advantages have been extensively studied in recent years. Therefore, this review summarizes the development, function mechanisms (e.g., filtration, adsorption, electron supply, supporting plant growth and microbial reproduction), categories, and applications of substrates in CWs. The interaction mechanisms of substrates with contaminants/plants/microorganisms are comprehensively described, and the characteristics and advantages of different substrate categories (e.g., Natural mineral materials, chemical products, biomass materials, industrial and municipal by-products, modified functional materials, and novel materials) are critically evaluated. Meanwhile, the influences of substrate layer arrangement and synergism on contaminants removal are firstly systematically reviewed. Furthermore, further research about substrates (e.g., clogging, life cycle assessment/management, internal relationship between components) should be systematically carried out for improving efficiency and sustainability of CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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13
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Cui G, Li XD, Li S, Ding S, Li Q, Yang M, Lv H, Wang Y. Varying water column stability controls the denitrification process in a subtropical reservoir, Southwest China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 111:208-219. [PMID: 34949350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). However, it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of nitrogen transformation in reservoir waters. To address this issue, we examined the spatial-temporal characteristics of nitrate concentrations, δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ18O-H2O, relative water column stability (RWCS), and related environmental factors in a subtropical eutrophic reservoir (Hongfeng Reservoir, HFR), Southwest China. We found that denitrification was the most important nitrogen transformation process in the HFR and that higher denitrification intensity was associated with increased RWCS in summer, which suggested hydrological control of the denitrification process. In contrast, low RWCS conditions favored the nitrification process in the HFR in winter. Additionally, dissolved oxygen (DO; p < 0.05) and nitrate concentrations (p < 0.01) had significant impacts on the denitrification rate. We also found that the spatiotemporal RWCS variations were a prerequisite for regulating DO/nitrate stratification and the coupling/decoupling of nitrification-denitrification at the local and global scales. This study would advances our knowledge of the impacts of RWCS and thermal stratification on nitrogen transformation processes in reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth's Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Siqi Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shiyuan Ding
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinkai Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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14
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Ke S, Chen J, Zheng X, Sun X. Reference ion method: A simple and fast method for quantitatively identifying the source of nitrate and denitrification rate in groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144555. [PMID: 33482555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effective control and management of nitrate (NO3-) pollution requires the identification of the sources of NO3- pollution in groundwater and quantification of their contribution rates. In this study, the molar concentration ratio of NO3-/Cl- (n(NO3-)/n(Cl-)) and the molar concentration of Cl- (n(Cl-)) (reference ion method; RIM) was first used to identify the NO3- sources and estimate their contribution rates in groundwater. The relationship between the Cl- concentration and NO3- concentration (reference ion method; RIM) was used to judge whether denitrification had occurred and to estimate the denitrification rate in groundwater. It was proved that homology analysis was the prerequisite for applying the RIM. The main NO3- sources included chemical fertilizers (CF), sewage/manure (M&S) and soil nitrogen (SN). The contribution rate of CF in the vegetable planting area (upstream regions) (69.12%) was significantly higher than that in the grain planting area (midstream regions and downstream regions) (14.29% and 14.29%). The difference in the contribution rates of NO3- in the grain planting area was greater than that in the vegetable planting area. The results indicated that denitrification rate in the grain planting area was higher than that in the vegetable planting area, while the temporal variations in the denitrification rate in the vegetable planting area were consistent with in the grain planting area. The RIM offers a useful and simple way to quantify the contribution rates of NO3- sources and denitrification rates in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ke
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xilai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecological Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecological Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Wang J, Chen G, Fu Z, Qiao H, Liu F. Assessing wetland nitrogen removal and reed (Phragmites australis) nutrient responses for the selection of optimal harvest time. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111783. [PMID: 33349513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands play an important role in reducing the impact of nitrogen pollution on natural aquatic environments. However, during the plant wilting period (winter) there will inevitably be a reduction in nitrogen removal from wetlands. Understanding optimum harvest time will allow the use of management practices to balance the trade-off between nitrogen removal and the sustainability of wetlands. In this study, we investigated wetland nitrogen removal and reed (Phragmites australis) nutrient responses for two years [first year: influent total nitrogen (TN) 17.6-34.7 mg L-1; second year: influent TN 3.2-10.0 mg L-1] to identify the optimal harvest time: before wilting, mid-wilting, or late wilting. Harvesting decreased wetland nitrogen removal in both years, with later harvest time producing a smaller decrease in TN and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal. In addition to harvest before wilting, aboveground reed harvest at mid-wilting harvested more nutrients [carbon (C) 7.9%, nitrogen (N) 46.6% and phosphorus (P) 43.6%] in the first year, while harvest at late wilting harvested more nutrients (C 4.9%, N 7.8% and P 24.1%) in the second year, although this was not statistically significant. The late wilting harvest caused fewer disturbances to root stoichiometric homeostasis in the first year, while mid-wilting harvest promoted root nutrient availability in the second year. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that root stoichiometry was interrelated with wetland nitrogen removal. Our results suggest that optimal harvest time was late wilting on the basis of wetland nitrogen removal, or either mid- or late wilting according to reed nutrient response to influent nitrogen concentration in some years. Our results provide crucial information for winter wetlands management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Wang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China.
| | - Guifa Chen
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China
| | - Zishi Fu
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China
| | - Hongxia Qiao
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China.
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