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Xu B, Chu T, Zhang R, Yang R, Zhu M, Guo F, Zan S. Earthworm gut bacteria facilitate cadmium immobilization through the formation of CdS nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142453. [PMID: 38821127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Gut bacteria of earthworm Amynthas hupeiensis exhibit significant potential for the in-situ remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. However, the mechanisms by which these gut bacteria immobilize and tolerate Cd remain elusive. The composition of the gut bacterial community was characterized by high-throughput sequencing. Cd-tolerant bacteria were isolated from the gut, and their roles in Cd immobilization, as well as their tolerance mechanisms, were explored through chemical characterization and transcriptome analysis. The predominant taxa in the gut bacterial community included unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Citrobacter, and Bacillus, which were distinctly different from those in the surrounding soil. Notably, the most Cd-tolerant gut bacterium, Citrobacter freundii DS strain, immobilized 63.61% of Cd2+ within 96 h through extracellular biosorption and intracellular bioaccumulation of biosynthetic CdS nanoparticles, and modulation of solution pH and NH4+ concentration. Moreover, the characteristic signals of CdS were also observed in the gut content of A. hupeiensis when the sterilized Cd-contaminated soil was inoculated with C. freundii. The primary pathways involved in the response of C. freundii to Cd stress included the regulation of ABC transporters, bacterial chemotaxis, cell motility, oxidative phosphorylation, and two-component system. In conclusion, C. freundii facilitates Cd immobilization both in vitro and in vivo, thereby enhancing the host earthworm's adaptation to Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- South Jiuhua Road No. 189, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Tingting Chu
- South Jiuhua Road No. 189, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Ranran Zhang
- South Jiuhua Road No. 189, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Ruyi Yang
- South Jiuhua Road No. 189, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Meng Zhu
- South Jiuhua Road No. 189, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Fuyu Guo
- South Jiuhua Road No. 189, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Shuting Zan
- South Jiuhua Road No. 189, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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Zhang C, Liu H, Zhou F, Long X, Liu S, Wu Y. Enhancing remediation efficiency of hyperaccumulators through earthworm addition: Evidence from a pot study on cadmium-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173169. [PMID: 38735339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination is an urgent environmental problem, which endangers human health through the food chain. Bioremediation attracted extensive attention around the world due to the high cost-efficiency. However, the remediation efficiency of different plant and earthworm species of soil Cd pollution is still unclear, it is thus of great significance to explore the combined effects of different remediation plants and earthworm species to improve the bioremediation capacity. In the present study, we consequently selected three species of Cd hyperaccumulator plants (vetiver, P. vittata and S. emarginatum) and three species of earthworms (E. fetida P1, E. fetida P2, and P. guillelmi) to compare the differences in Cd accumulation among various earthworm-plant combinations. Results indicated that the changes of soil pH and SOM in plant-animal combined application induced the higher soil Cd removal efficiency. The Cd removal efficiency showed highest in combination groups P. vittata-E. fetida P2 and P. vittata-P. guillelmi. Meanwhile, the improvements of biomass of plants and animals also were consistent with the increasing of Cd concentration in both plants and earthworms after combined application. It showed that the Cd concentrations in P. vittata were the highest while the TFs of Cd in S. emarginatum displays significantly more than that in others. In conclusion, the recommended combined system of earthworm-plant (P. vittata-E. fetida P2 and P. vittata-P. guillelmi) to provide reference for soil Cd bioremediation system in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Philosophy and Social Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Assessing for Rural Land Utilization, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fengwu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xizi Long
- School of the Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Songqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Philosophy and Social Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Assessing for Rural Land Utilization, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Philosophy and Social Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Assessing for Rural Land Utilization, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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3
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Da YM, Li SS, Li YQ, Deng LY, Li MJ, Huang T, Sun QY, Shirin J, Zhou GW. Effects of cadmium on the intestinal health of the snail Bradybaena ravida Benson. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02783-7. [PMID: 39001972 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is a toxic and bioaccumulative metal that can be enriched in the tissues and organs of living organisms through the digestive tract. However, more research is needed to determine whether food-sourced Cd affects the homeostasis of host gut microflora. In this study, the snail Bradybaena ravida (Benson) was used as a model organism fed with mulberry leaves spiked with different concentrations of Cd (0, 0.052, 0.71, and 1.94 mg kg-1). By combining 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing with biochemical characterization, it was found that there were increases in the overall microbial diversity and abundances of pathogenic bacteria such as Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Aeromonas, and Rickettsia in the gut of B. ravida after exposure to Cd. However, the abundances of potential Cd-resistant microbes in the host's gut, including Sphingobacterium, Lactococcus, and Chryseobacterium, decreased with increasing Cd concentrations in the mulberry leaves. In addition, there was a significant reduction in activities of energy, nutrient metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes for gut microbiota of snails treated with high concentrations of Cd compared to those with low ones. These findings highlight the interaction of snail gut microbiota with Cd exposure, indicating the potential role of terrestrial animal gut microbiota in environmental monitoring through rapid recognition and response to environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Da
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shun-Shun Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan-Qi Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Le-Yu Deng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ming-Jun Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qing-Ye Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jazbia Shirin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Zhang Y, Huang C, Zhao J, Hu L, Yang L, Zhang Y, Sang W. Insights into tolerance mechanisms of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in copper-contaminated soils by integrating multi-omics analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118910. [PMID: 38604487 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Earthworms can resist high levels of soil copper (Cu) contamination and play an essential role in absorbing them effectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cu tolerance in earthworms are poorly understood. To address this research gap, we studied alterations of Eisenia fetida in antioxidant enzymes, gut microbiota, metabolites, and genes under varying levels of Cu exposure soils (0, 67.58, 168.96, 337.92 mg/kg). Our results revealed a reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities across all treatment groups, indicating an adaptive response to alleviate Cu-induced oxidative stress. Analysis of gut microbiota revealed a significant increase in the abundance of bacteria associated with nutrient uptake and Cu2+ excretion under Cu stress. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis discovered an increase in certain metabolites associated with energy metabolism, such as pyruvic acid, L-malic acid, and fumaric acid, as Cu concentration escalated. These results suggested that enhanced energy supply contributes to the elevated tolerance of E. fetida towards Cu. Additionally, transcriptome analysis not only identified crucial detoxification genes (Hsp70, CTSL, GST, CHAC, and GCLC), but also confirmed the critical role of glutathione metabolism as a key pathway in E. fetida Cu detoxification processes. These findings provide a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms of Cu tolerance in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenyu Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinqi Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Luyi Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing, 100076, China; Beijing Biodiversity Conservation Research Center, Beijing, 100076, China.
| | - Weiguo Sang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Xin J. Enhancing soil health to minimize cadmium accumulation in agro-products: the role of microorganisms, organic matter, and nutrients. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123890. [PMID: 38554840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Agro-products accumulate Cd from the soil and are the main source of Cd in humans. Their use must therefore be minimized using effective strategies. Large soil beds containing low-to-moderate Cd-contamination are used to produce agro-products in many developing countries to keep up with the demand of their large populations. Improving the health of Cd-contaminated soils could be a cost-effective method for minimizing Cd accumulation in crops. In this review, the latest knowledge on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Cd uptake and translocation in crops is presented, providing a basis for developing advanced technologies for producing Cd-safe agro-products. Inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, application of organic matter, essential nutrients, beneficial elements, regulation of soil pH, and water management are efficient techniques used to decrease soil Cd bioavailability and inhibiting the uptake and accumulation of Cd in crops. In combination, these strategies for improving soil health are environmentally friendly and practical for reducing Cd accumulation in crops grown in lightly to moderately Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Xin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Heng Hua Road 18, Hengyang 421002, China.
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6
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Hou Z, Mo F, Zhou Q. Elucidating response mechanisms at the metabolic scale of Eisenia fetida in typical oil pollution sites: A native driver in influencing carbon flow. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122545. [PMID: 37716696 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations on the stress response patterns of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in practical petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) contamination systems were less focused. Therefore, this study investigated the ecotoxicological effect of PH contamination on earthworms based on metabonomics and histological observation, followed by correlation analysis between the earthworm metabolism, PH types and concentrations, soil physicochemical characteristics, and the microbial community structures (i.e., diversity and abundance) and functions. The results showed that due to the abundant PH organics, the cell metabolism of earthworms shifts under PH contamination conditions, leading them to use organic acids as alternative energy sources (i.e., gluconeogenesis pathway). Simultaneously, biomarker metabolites related to cellular uptake, stress response, and membrane disturbance were identified. In addition, when compared to the controls, considerable epicuticle and cuticle layer disruption was observed, along with PH internalization. It was demonstrated that PH pollution preferentially influences the physiological homeostasis of earthworms through indirect (i.e., microbial metabolism regulation) than direct (i.e., direct interaction with earthworms) mechanisms. Moreover, the varied CO2 releasement was verified, which highlights the potential role of earthworms in influencing carbon transformation and corresponds with the considerably enriched energy metabolism-related pathway. This study indicated that PH contamination can induce a strong stress response in earthworms through both direct and indirect mechanisms, which in turn, substantially influences carbon transformation in PH contamination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fan Mo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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7
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Ge Y, Huang C, Zhou W, Shen Z, Qiao Y. Eisenia fetida impact on cadmium availability and distribution in specific components of the earthworm drilosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112222-112235. [PMID: 37831264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the potential of vermiremediation for restoring metal-contaminated soils is promising, the effects of earthworms on the availability of soil metals are still debatable. Most previous studies considered the soil as a "whole black box." Mobilization or immobilization of metals are affected by earthworm activities within drilosphere hotspots under different soil conditions, which has not been specifically studied. Therefore, an improved 2D terrarium was designed to study the impact of earthworm activities on cadmium (Cd) fate in the drilosphere hotspots (burrow wall soils, burrow casts, and surface casts) of different artificially spiked Cd treatments (CK: 0 mg kg-1; LM: 1 mg kg-1; and HM: 5 mg kg-1) with different organic amendments (2% and 10%). The results revealed that Cd increased earthworm activities with the highest cast production in HM and the highest burrow length in LM. Earthworms exhibited a stronger tendency to reduce total Cd concentration by 4.48-13.58% in casts of LM soils, while 3.37-5.22% in burrow walls under HM treatments. Overall, earthworms could increase the availability of Cd in casts under all conditions (55.46-121.01%). The organic amendments decreased the total Cd concentration and increased the availability of Cd in the disturbed soil. A higher amount of organic amendment significantly decreased total Cd concentration of the drilosphere by 1.16-5.83% in LM and HM treatments, while increasing DTPA-Cd concentrations in all components by 23.13-55.20 %, 14.63-35.11%, and 3.30-11.41% in CK, LM, and HM treatments, respectively, except for earthworm non-disturbed soil and no-earthworm soil in HM treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the moisture, pH, and total carbon contents in soil are the main factors affecting Cd bioavailability. In this study, we decoded the "black box" of soil by making it relatively simple to better understand the effects and mechanisms of earthworm activities on soil metal availability and consequently provided comprehensive insights for using earthworms in soil vermiremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Zhang Y, Guan C, Chen C, Fu Z, Wang R, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Huang H. The effects of earthworm inoculation on cadmium-contaminated rice field in Southern China: a pot experiment and a field test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113718-113728. [PMID: 37853218 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the effects of earthworm inoculation on cadmium-contaminated rice field remain unclear. In this study, four treatments were tested, including rice monoculture (CK), earthworm inoculation with low density (L, 30 g/m2), middle density (M, 60 g/m2), and high density (H, 90 g/m2). The pot and field experiment were conducted in Hunan Province, China. In the pot experiment, the H treatment significantly decreased the available cadmium concentration in 0 ~ 20 cm soil by 5.21% ~ 16.51%, and the M treatment significantly decreased in 0 ~ 10 cm soil by 7.29% ~ 8.96%. The H treatment significantly decreased the total cadmium concentration in 0 ~ 5 cm soil by 10.36%. Moreover, the earthworm inoculation treatments significantly reduced cadmium accumulation in rice organs. In the field experiment, the M and H treatment decreased the available cadmium concentration in 0 ~ 20 cm soil by 14.05% ~ 47.52% and the H treatment decreased the total cadmium concentration in 0 ~ 20 cm soil by 0.78% ~ 5.75% although there was no significant difference. Furthermore, the earthworm inoculation treatments significantly decreased cadmium accumulation in part of rice organs. In conclusion, this study recommends that earthworm inoculation is an effective method of controlling cadmium contamination for rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ren Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhengjun Yu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huang Huang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Jia H, Zhao Y, Deng H, Yu H, Ge C, Li J. Integrated microbiome and multi-omics analysis reveal the molecular mechanisms of Eisenia fetida in response to biochar-derived dissolved and particulate matters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132422. [PMID: 37657322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
At present, most ecotoxicological studies are still confined to focusing on the harmful effects of biochar itself on soil fauna. However, the potential ecotoxicity of different components separated from biochar to terrestrial invertebrates remains poorly understood. In this study, the dissolved matter (DM) and particulate matter (PM) were separated from biochar (BC) and then introduced into the soil-earthworm system to investigate the response mechanism of earthworms at the molecular level. The results showed that BC and DM exposure caused an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria in the cast bacterial community, suggesting the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota. It was also observed that the cast bacterial communities were more sensitive to DM exposure than PM exposure. Transcriptomic analysis showed that BC and DM exposure induced significant enrichment of functional pathways related to infectious and neuropathic diseases. Metabolomic profiling manifested that DM exposure caused metabolic dysfunction, antioxidant and detoxification abilities recession. Furthermore, significant differences in the responses of earthworms at transcriptomic and metabolic levels confirmed that DM exhibited greater ecotoxicity than PM. This study highlighted the significant contributions of dissolved matter to the ecotoxicity of biochar from the perspective of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Huamei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiatong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China.
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10
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Tibihenda C, Zhong H, Liu K, Dai J, Lin X, Motelica-Heino M, Hou S, Zhang M, Lu Y, Xiao L, Zhang C. Ecologically different earthworm species are the driving force of microbial hotspots influencing Pb uptake by the leafy vegetable Brassica campestris. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1240707. [PMID: 37860140 PMCID: PMC10582336 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1240707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Food chain contamination by soil lead (Pb), beginning with Pb uptake by leafy vegetables, is a threat to food safety and poses a potential risk to human health. This study highlights the importance of two ecologically different earthworm species (the anecic species Amynthas aspergillum and the epigeic species Eisenia fetida) as the driving force of microbial hotspots to enhance Pb accumulation in the leafy vegetable Brassica campestris at different Pb contamination levels (0, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg·kg-1). The fingerprints of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were employed to reveal the microbial mechanism of Pb accumulation involving earthworm-plant interaction, as PLFAs provide a general profile of soil microbial biomass and community structure. The results showed that Gram-positive (G+) bacteria dominated the microbial community. At 0 mg·kg-1 Pb, the presence of earthworms significantly reduced the total PLFAs. The maximum total of PLFAs was found at 100 mg·kg-1 Pb with E. fetida inoculation. A significant shift in the bacterial community was observed in the treatments with E. fetida inoculation at 500 and 1,000 mg·kg-1 Pb, where the G+/G- bacteria ratio was significantly decreased compared to no earthworm inoculation. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that E. fetida had a greater effect on soil microbial hotspots than A. aspergillum, thus having a greater effect on the Pb uptake by B. campestris. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil microbial biomass and structure explained 43.0% (R2 = 0.53) of the total variation in Pb uptake by B. campestris, compared to 9.51% of microbial activity. G- bacteria explained 23.2% of the total variation in the Pb uptake by B. campestris, significantly higher than the other microbes. The Mantel test showed that microbial properties significantly influenced Pb uptake by B. campestris under the driving force of earthworms. E. fetida inoculation was favorable for the G- bacterial community, whereas A. aspergillum inoculation was favorable for the fungal community. Both microbial communities facilitated the entry of Pb into the vegetable food chain system. This study delivers novel evidence and meaningful insights into how earthworms prime the microbial mechanism of Pb uptake by leafy vegetables by influencing soil microbial biomass and community composition. Comprehensive metagenomics analysis can be employed in future studies to identify the microbial strains promoting Pb migration and develop effective strategies to mitigate Pb contamination in food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cevin Tibihenda
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Hesen Zhong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexue Liu
- School of Resources and Planning, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Dai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Shuyu Hou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghao Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Ning Y, Zhou H, Wang X, Lu J, Yang Y, Zou D, Zhou D. A method to study the effects of combined stress of cadmium and microplastics on the acute toxicity of Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61123-61133. [PMID: 37055689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The compound pollutants formed by microplastics and cadmium present a significant potential threat to the soil-based ecosystem, and it is urgent to carry out relevant ecotoxicological studies. However, the lack of appropriate test methods and scientific mathematical analysis models has restricted the progress of research. Based on an orthogonal test design, a ternary combined stress test was performed to study the effect of microplastics and cadmium on earthworms. This study used the particle size and concentration of microplastics as well as the concentration of cadmium as test factors. Using the improved factor analysis model and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method, a new model was constructed according to the response surface methodology to analyze the acute toxic effects on earthworms under the combined stress of microplastics and cadmium. In addition, the model was tested in a soil-polluted environment. The results show that the model can perfectly integrate the spatiotemporal cross effects of the concentration and time of the applied stress, and the scientific data analysis process ensures the efficient development of ecotoxicological research in the actual compound pollution environment. Moreover, the results of the filter paper test and soil test showed that the equivalent toxicity ratio of cadmium concentration, microplastic concentration, and microplastic particle size to earthworms as 26:35:39 and 23:36:41, respectively. In terms of the interaction effect, a certain positive interaction was observed between the cadmium concentration and that of the microplastics and their particle size, while a negative interaction was observed between the concentration of microplastics and their particle size. This research provides a test basis and model reference for early monitoring of the health of contaminated soils and assessments of ecological safety and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Ning
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haoran Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiyang Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanna Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Detang Zou
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dongxing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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12
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Saldarriaga JF, López JE, Díaz-García L, Montoya-Ruiz C. Changes in Lolium perenne L. rhizosphere microbiome during phytoremediation of Cd- and Hg-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49498-49511. [PMID: 36781665 PMCID: PMC10104932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of soil and water by metals such as mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) has been increasing in recent years, because of anthropogenic activities such as mining and agriculture, respectively. In this work, the changes in the rhizosphere microbiome of Lolium perenne L. during the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with Hg and Cd were evaluated. For this, two soil types were sampled, one inoculated with mycorrhizae and one without. The soils were contaminated with Hg and Cd, and L. perenne seeds were sown and harvested after 30 days. To assess changes in the microbiome, DNA isolation tests were performed, for which samples were subjected to two-step PCR amplification with specific 16S rDNA V3-V4 primers (337F and 805R). With mycorrhizae, changes had been found in the absorption processes of metals and a new distribution. While with respect to microorganisms, families such as the Enterobacteriaceae have been shown to have biosorption and efflux effects on metals such as Hg and Cd. Mycorrhizae then improve the efficiency of removal and allow the plant to better distribute the absorbed concentrations. Overall, L. perenne is a species with a high potential for phytoremediation of Cd- and Hg-contaminated soils in the tropics. Inoculation with mycorrhizae modifies the phytoremediation mechanisms of the plant and the composition of microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Mycorrhizal inoculation and changes in the microbiome were associated with increased plant tolerance to Cd and Hg. Microorganism-assisted phytoremediation is an appropriate alternative for L. perenne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Saldarriaga
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1Este, #19A-40, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Julián E López
- Facultad de Arquitectura E Ingeniería, Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia, Carrera 78 # 65 - 46, 050034, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Díaz-García
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Carolina Montoya-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín Calle, 59A #63-20, 050034, Medellín, Colombia
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13
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Gudeta K, Kumar V, Bhagat A, Julka JM, Bhat SA, Ameen F, Qadri H, Singh S, Amarowicz R. Ecological adaptation of earthworms for coping with plant polyphenols, heavy metals, and microplastics in the soil: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14572. [PMID: 36994405 PMCID: PMC10040515 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, soil pollution by massive accumulation of heavy metals (HMs), microplastics, and refractory hydrocarbon chemicals has become an emerging and global concern, drawing worldwide attention. These pollutants influence soil diversity by hindering the reproduction, abundance, thereby affecting aboveground productivity. The scientific community has recently emphasized the contribution of earthworms to heavy metal accumulation, microplastic degradation, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, which helps maintain the soil structure. This review paper aimed to compile scientific facts on how earthworms cope with the effect of HMs, microplastics, and plant polyphenols so that vermiremediation could be widely applied for well-being of the soil ecosystem by environmentalists. Earthworms have special surface-active metabolites in their guts called drilodefensins that help them defend themselves against the oxidative action of plant polyphenols. They also combat the effects of toxic microplastics, and other oxidative compounds by elevating the antioxidant activities of their enzymes and converting them into harmless compounds or useful nutrients. Moreover, earthworms also act as biofilters, bioindicators, bioaccumulators, and transformers of oxidative polyphenols, microplastics, toxic HMs, and other pollutant hydrocarbons. Microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in earthworms' gut of also assist in the fixation, accumulation, and transformation of these toxicants to prevent their effects. As a potential organism for application in ecotoxicology, it is recommended to propagate earthworms in agricultural fields; isolate, and culture enormously in industry, and inoculate earthworms in the polluted soil, thereby abate toxicity and minimizing the health effect caused by these pollutants as well enhance the productivity of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasahun Gudeta
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Biology, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankeet Bhagat
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Jatinder Mohan Julka
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humaira Qadri
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J&K Higher Education Department, Govt. Degree College, Baramulla, 193101, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sumit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
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14
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Namaldi O, Azgin ST. Evaluation of the treatment performance and reuse potential in agriculture of organized industrial zone (OIZ) wastewater through an innovative vermifiltration approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116865. [PMID: 36450165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vermifiltration (VF) is a natural and sustainable biofilter that has many advantages, including being energy-free, cost-effective, and allowing ease of application and maintenance. In this study, the effectiveness of a lab-scale VF system was assessed by the removal efficiency of total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, fecal coliform, and heavy metals in organized industrial zones (OIZ) and domestic wastewater (DW) for the first time. Additionally, the reuse suitability of the treated wastewater was determined by comparing different countries' and global irrigational criteria. The lab systems were built with four layers: one worm-bed and three varying filtering materials, and operated at an optimum hydraulic loading rate of 1.8-2 m3/m2/day for 45 days with Eisenia fetida as the earthworm species. The results demonstrated that removal efficiencies of total suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand were found to be 95% and 80% in OIZ wastewater and 90% and 88% in DW, respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus were removed at rates of 69% and 67% in OIZ wastewater, respectively, and 84% and 74% in DW. Besides, the VF system has shown satisfactory removal performance for heavy metals ranging from 51% to 77% in OIZ wastewater that has met Turkish national wastewater discharge limits. Although the final characterization of treated wastewater was suitable, heavy metal and fecal coliform levels have not met many countries' irrigation water quality criteria. To meet global irrigation standards and to enhance the VF performance, further experimental studies should be carried out, including parameters such as bed material type in the reactor, worm type, and different operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Namaldi
- Department of Environment Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Sukru Taner Azgin
- Department of Environment Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Energy Conversions Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
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15
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Fan X, Gu C, Jin Z, Cai J, Bian Y, Wang F, Chen H, Jiang X. Major biotransformation of phthalic acid esters in Eisenia fetida: Mechanistic insights and association with catalytic enzymes and intestinal symbionts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107712. [PMID: 36577298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are an important group of organic pollutants that are widely used as plasticizers in the environment. The PAEs in soil organisms are likely to be biotransformed into a variety of metabolites, and the combined toxicity of PAEs and their metabolites might be more serious than PAEs alone. However, there are only a few studies on PAE biotransformation by terrestrial animals, e.g. earthworms. Herein, the key biotransformation pathways of PAEs and their association with catalytic enzymes and intestinal symbionts in earthworms were studied using in vivo and in vitro incubation approaches. The widely distributed PAE in soil, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), was proven to be biotransformed rapidly together with apparent bioaccumulation in earthworms. The biotransformation of PAE congeners with medium or long side chains appeared to be faster compared with those with short side chains. DBP was biotransformed into butyl methyl phthalate (BMP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), and phthalic acid (PA) through esterolysis and transesterification. Besides, the generation of small quantities of low-molecular weight metabolites via β-oxidation, decarboxylation or ring-cleavage, was also observed, especially when the appropriate proportion of NADPH coenzyme was applied to transfer electrons for oxidases. Interestingly, the esterolysis of PAEs was mainly regulated by the cytoplasmic carboxylesterase (CarE) in earthworms, with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.416 mM in the catalysis of DBP. The stronger esterolysis in non-intestinal tissues indicated that the CarE was primarily secreted by non-intestinal tissues of earthworms. Additionally, the intestinal symbiotic bacteria of earthworms could respond to PAE stress, leading to the changes in their diversity and composition. The enrichment of some genera e.g. Bacillus and Paracoccus, and the enhancement of metabolism function, e.g. amino acids, energy, lipids biosynthesis and oxidase secretion, indicated their important role in the degradation of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Zhihua Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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16
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Yang R, Luo L, Zhao N, Guo F, Zhu M, Zan S, Yu T, Han FX, Huang J. Indigenous earthworms and gut bacteria are superior to chemical amendments in the remediation of cadmium-contaminated seleniferous soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114122. [PMID: 36183425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural selenium (Se)-rich areas in China are generally characterized by high geological background of cadmium (Cd) which poses potential risks to human health. Therefore, immobilization of Cd is the prerequisite to ensure the safe utilization of natural seleniferous soil resources. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of indigenous earthworm (Amynthas hupeiensis) and its gut bacteria (Citrobacter freundii DS strain) on the remediation of Cd-contaminated seleniferous soil with two traditional chemical amendments. The results indicated that earthworms and DS strain decreased DGT-extractable Cd by 25.52 - 41.53% and reduced Cd accumulation in lettuce leaves by 20.83 - 37.50% compared with control through converting the exchangeable Cd (EX-Cd) into residual Cd (RE-Cd) fractions. Overall, earthworms and DS strain were more effective in Cd immobilization, growth and quality promotion, oxidative stress alleviation, Cd accumulation and bioaccessibility reduction in the soil-lettuce-human continuum than biochar and lime. Moreover, all amendments induced the antagonism between Se and Cd through increasing bioavailable Se/Cd molar ratios in soil. However, all the Cd concentrations in lettuce exceeded the maximum permissible limit of Cd for leaf vegetables, indicating that soil amendment alone could not ensure food safety. This study confirmed that biological amendments were superior to chemical amendments in the remediation of Cd-contaminated seleniferous soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Linfeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fuyu Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shuting Zan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Tianao Yu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fengxiang X Han
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Jingxuan Huang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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17
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Ameen F, Al-Homaidan AA. Treatment of heavy metal-polluted sewage sludge using biochar amendments and vermistabilization. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:861. [PMID: 36214918 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of sewage sludge hampers its recycling. Contaminated sewage sludge was amended with different proportions of biochar and vermistabilized. Biochar produced from wheat straw was added at four proportions (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Ten earthworms Eisenia fetida were added, and the sludge was vermistabilized for 60 days. Heavy metal and nutrient concentrations and the accumulation of metals to E. fetida were measured. The treatment with 4% biochar was the most efficient in reducing the concentrations of heavy metals. The concentration of Cd decreased 55%, Cr 28%, Cu 30%, and Pb 21%. The concentrations of plant nutrients increased: total N 43%, total P 92%, and total K 60%. E. fetida accumulated all heavy metals in their internal tissues. The survival and reproductive rate of E. fetida improved during the vermistabilization process. We interpret that the biochar alone did not improve the decomposition process, but the main actors were the earthworms E. fetida. The most efficient proportion of biochar was 4%, not the highest tested (6%). We recommend 4% biochar to be used in the vermistabilization of heavy metal-contaminated municipal sewage sludge. The study benefits both the management of heavy metal-contaminated sewage sludge and agriculture where the final vermistabilization product can be used to improve crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali A Al-Homaidan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Wang L, Yang D, Chen R, Ma F, Wang G. How a functional soil animal-earthworm affect arbuscular mycorrhizae-assisted phytoremediation in metals contaminated soil? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128991. [PMID: 35650720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising and sustainable technology to remediate the risk of heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soils, however, this way is limited to some factors contributing to slow plant growth and low remediation efficiency. As soil beneficial microbe, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) assisted phytoremediation is an environment-friendly and high-efficiency bioremediation technology. However, AMF-symbiotic formation and their functional expression responsible for HMs-polluted remediation are significantly influenced by edaphic fauna. Earthworms as common soil fauna, may have various effects on formation of AMF symbiosis, and exhibit synergy with AMF for the combined remediation of HMs-contaminated soils. For now, AMF-assisted phytoremediation incorporating earthworm coexistence is scarcely reported. Therefore, the main focus of this review is to discuss the AMF effects under earthworm coexistence. Effects of AMF-symbiotic formation influenced by earthworms are fully reviewed. Moreover, underlying mechanisms and synergy of the two in HMs remediation, soil improvement, and plant growth were comprehensively elucidated. Phenomenon of "functional synergism" between earthworms and AMF may be a significant mechanism for HMs phytoremediation. Finally, this review analyses shortcomings and prescriptions in the practical application of the technology and provides new insights into AMF- earthworms synergistic remediation of HMs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Dongguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Rongjian Chen
- Yichun Luming Mining Co., Ltd, Tieli 152500, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Gen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
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19
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The Effect of Soil Amendments on Trace Elements’ Bioavailability and Toxicity to Earthworms in Contaminated Soils. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of soil amendments, characterized by different sorption properties, on the effectiveness of trace elements’ (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr) stabilization and bioavailability to earthworms. The study was conducted as a microcosm experiment using soil derived from a heavily contaminated post-industrial area. The Eisenia veneta earthworm was cultured for 4 weeks in soils amended with materials characterized by different properties, origins, and potential effects on limiting the availability of metals in soils: two type of compost (Zabrze compost-ZC; GWDA compost-GC), two types of biosolid (Bełchatów biosolids-BB, Grabów biosolids-GB), calcium phosphate (CP), iron oxide (IO), bentonite (BE), rock waste (RW), and limestone (CC). After the incubation, the biomass and survival numbers of the earthworm species decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The accumulation of metals in the earthworm tissues expressed by the bioaccumulation factor value (BSAF) were dependent on the type of amendment applied to the soil. The highest decrease in the earthworms’ weight and survival rate was caused by compost (72%) and bentonite (33%), while the lowest was caused by the rock waste (10%) and iron oxide (11%). The biosolids exhibited the greatest toxicity, causing the mortality of all the earthworms. The accumulation of metals in earthworm tissues and the BSAF value were dependent on the type of amendment applied to the soil. The BSAF for the contaminated soil by Cd decreased to the greatest extent after the addition of ZC (by 57%), GC (55%), CP (41%), and IO (37%). A similarly positive effect was noted for Pb after IO addition (45% decrease). The Zn, Cr, and Ni concentration in earthworms, contrary to other elements, increased, regardless of the amendment. The results showed that the applied soil amendments were characterized by varying potential for the reduction in the metal bioavailability in the soil, depending on their composition and physicochemical properties. Moreover, earthworms may exhibit a diversified response to soil amendments as a result of the impact of amendment on the metal forms in soils and their direct impact on organisms. Generally, the Cd was easily transferred from the soil into and accumulated in the earthworm tissues. Our study confirms that this element creates the highest risk for the trophic chain in soils affected by the Zn and Pb smelting industry. Moreover, greater Zn supply reduces the accumulation of Cd in animal bodies. This study provides valuable practical knowledge on the short-term biological effects of a range of soil amendments in metal-contaminated soils.
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20
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Zheng X, Chao H, Wu Y, Wang X, Sun M, Hu F. Contrasted effects of Metaphire guillelmi on tetracycline diffusion and dissipation in soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114776. [PMID: 35219207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are important in soil bioremediation because of their capability of pollutant degradation. However, the trade-off between pollutant dissemination and degradation arising from earthworm activities remains unclear, as well as the potential biodegradation mechanism. Herein, an earthworm avoidance experiment was established to investigate Metaphire guillelmi-mediated tetracycline (TC) diffusion and degradation. The results showed that above 1600 mg kg-1 TC pollution in soil induced avoidance behaviour of earthworms (p < 0.05), below which the random worm behaviour accelerated TC diffusion by 8.2% at most (p < 0.05), resulting in elevated levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in the soil. Nevertheless, earthworms enhanced TC degradation regardless of whether their avoidance behaviour occurred (14.6-25.8%, p < 0.05). Compared with in soil, metabolic pathways affiliated with xenobiotic degradation and metabolism in the intestines were enriched (LDA >3). Given the abundant glutathione S-transferases in the intestines and their close relationship with Δ degradation, they may play a key role in intestinal TC biodegradation. In general, earthworms had good tolerance to soil TC contamination and their impact on promoting TC degradation outweighed that accelerating TC diffusion. This work provides a comprehensive view of earthworms as a potential remediation method for TC-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zheng
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huizhen Chao
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunling Wu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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21
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Zhou M, Li Z. Recent Advances in Minimizing Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040187. [PMID: 35448448 PMCID: PMC9025478 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, affects the yield and quality of crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can accumulate high Cd content in the grain, which poses a major worldwide hazard to human health. Advances in our understanding of Cd toxicity for plants and humans, different parameters influencing Cd uptake and accumulation, as well as phytoremediation technologies to relieve Cd pollution in wheat have been made very recently. In particular, the molecular mechanisms of wheat under Cd stress have been increasingly recognized. In this review, we focus on the recently described omics and functional genes uncovering Cd stress, as well as different mitigation strategies to reduce Cd toxicity in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (Z.L.)
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22
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Žaltauskaitė J, Kniuipytė I, Praspaliauskas M. Earthworm Eisenia fetida potential for sewage sludge amended soil valorization by heavy metal remediation and soil quality improvement. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127316. [PMID: 34583161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge reuse in agriculture is increasing, however it can be an important route for contaminants to enter the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate earthworm Eisenia fetida capability to reduce heavy metal content in the sewage sludge (SS) amended soil and increase soil fertility in terms of soil nutrients content. Adult earthworms were introduced into aged SS amended soil (0-200 Mg ha-1) and left for 65 days. Earthworms have stabilized soil pH and accelerated organic matter mineralization. The concentrations of most heavy metals during the vermiremediation sharply decreased, K and Mg decreased to a moderate extent, whereas Ca content has increased. The highest removal efficiency was detected for Ni, Co and Mn (> 80%), bioconcentration factors were as follows Zn > Co > Cu > Ni > Mn > Cr. The content of major nutrients (S, P) was substantially higher compared to the initial values. The most efficient remediation and soil quality improvement was achieved under the doses of 25-50 Mg ha-1. Higher (≥ 100 Mg ha-1) doses might restrict this technique application because of earthworm mortality and retarded growth. Overall, the study shows that vermiremediation might be a sustainable technique for ecological stabilization of SS amended soil and converting to usable for agricultural needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas, Lithuania; Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Inesa Kniuipytė
- Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Praspaliauskas
- Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, Kaunas, Lithuania
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23
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Lirikum, Kakati LN, Thyug L, Mozhui L. Vermicomposting: an eco-friendly approach for waste management and nutrient enhancement. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-021-00212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Xiao R, Ali A, Xu Y, Abdelrahman H, Li R, Lin Y, Bolan N, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Zhang Z. Earthworms as candidates for remediation of potentially toxic elements contaminated soils and mitigating the environmental and human health risks: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106924. [PMID: 34634621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global concerns towards potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are steadily increasing due to the significant threats that PTEs pose to human health and environmental quality. This calls for immediate, effective and efficient remediation solutions. Earthworms, the 'ecosystem engineers', can modify and improve soil health and enhance plant productivity. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the potential of earthworms, alone or combined with other soil organisms and/or soil amendments, to remediate PTEs contaminated soils. However, the use of earthworms in the remediation of PTEs contaminated soil (i.e., vermiremediation) has not been thoroughly reviewed to date. Therefore, this review discusses and provides comprehensive insights into the suitability of earthworms as potential candidates for bioremediation of PTEs contaminated soils and mitigating environmental and human health risks. Specifically, we reviewed and discussed: i) the occurrence and abundance of earthworms in PTEs contaminated soils; ii) the influence of PTEs on earthworm communities in contaminated soils; iii) factors affecting earthworm PTEs accumulation and elimination, and iv) the dynamics and fate of PTEs in earthworm amended soils. The technical feasibility, knowledge gaps, and practical challenges have been worked out and critically discussed. Therefore, this review could provide a reference and guidance for bio-restoration of PTEs contaminated soils and shall also help developing innovative and applicable solutions for controlling PTEs bioavailability for the remediation of contaminated soils and the mitigation of the environment and human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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25
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Wang G, Wang L, Ma F. Effects of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on improvement of fertility and microbial communities of soils heavily polluted by cadmium. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131567. [PMID: 34343920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil bacterial community (SBC) and fertility are pivotal for the evaluation of phytoremediation performance. Although affected by earthworms (E) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), little is known about the impacts of the E-AMF interaction on the variation of SBC and fertility in cadmium (Cd)-spiked soil. We elucidated these impacts in rhizosphere soil of Solanum nigrum L. Loss of nutrient availability, and SBC diversity was observed in Cd-polluted soil. AMF increased available phosphorous (AP), whereas E increased available potassium (AK). In soils with 60 and 120 mg/kg Cd, the contents of AK, AP, and soil organic matter (SOM) increased by 7.0-19.7%, 23.7-25.5%, and 11.5-17.4%, respectively; and the residual Cd after remediation decreased by 7.9-8.5% in soils treated with EAM compared to untreated soil. EAM-treated soil had higher alpha diversity estimators compared to uninoculated soil. The predominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, accounting for 72.5-84.0%. Redundancy analysis showed that total carbon (TC), SOM, pH, and C/N ratio were key factors determining SBC at the phylum level, explaining 26.9, 24.1, 15.1, and 14.8% of the total variance, respectively. These results suggested that EAM affected SBC composition by altering SOM, TC, and C/N ratio. The E-AMF cooperation ameliorates soil nutrients, SBC diversity, and composition, facilitating phytoextraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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26
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Remediation of soil cadmium pollution by biomineralization using microbial-induced precipitation: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:208. [PMID: 34719751 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, with industrial pollution and the application of agricultural fertilizers with high cadmium (Cd) content, soil Cd pollution has become increasingly serious. A large amount of Cd is discharged into the environment, greatly endangering the stability of the ecological environment and human health. The use of microorganisms to induce Cd precipitation and mineralization is an important bioremediation method. Itis highly efficient, has a low cost, enables environmental protection, and convenient to operate. This article summarizes the pollution status, pollution source, biological toxicity and existing forms of Cd, as well as the biomineralization mechanism of microbial induced Cd(II) precipitation, mainly including microbial-induced carbonate precipitation, microbial-induced phosphate precipitation and microbial-induced sulfide precipitation. Factors affecting the bioremediation of Cd, such as pH, coexisting ions, and temperature, are introduced. Finally, the key points and difficulties of future microbe-induced Cd(II) biomineralization research are highlighted, providing a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the application of microbe-induced Cd(II) immobilization in soil.
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27
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Yuvaraj A, Thangaraj R, Karmegam N, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Awasthi MK, Kannan S. Activation of biochar through exoenzymes prompted by earthworms for vermibiochar production: A viable resource recovery option for heavy metal contaminated soils and water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130458. [PMID: 34126688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The industrial revolution and indiscriminate usage of a wide spectrum of agrochemicals account for the dumping of heavy metals in the environment. In-situ/ex-situ physical, chemical, and bioremediation strategies with pros and cons have been adopted for recovering metal contaminated soils and water. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement for a cost-effective and environment-friendly technique to combat metal pollution. Biochar combined with earthworms and vermifiltration is a suitable emerging technique for the remediation of metal-polluted soils and water. The chemical substances (e.g., sodium hydroxide, zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, and phosphoric acid) have been used to activate biochar, which also faces several shortcomings. Studies reveal that extracellular enzymes have been used to activate biochar which is produced by earthworms and microbes that can alter the surface of the biochar. The present review focuses on the global scenario of metal pollution and its remediation through biochar activation using earthworms. The earthworms and biochar can produce "vermibiochar" which is capable of reducing the metal ions from contaminated water and soils. The vermifiltration can be a suitable technology for metal removal from wastewater/effluent. Thus, the biochar has a trick of producing entirely new options at a time when vermifiltration and other technologies are least expected. Further attention to the biochar-assisted vermifiltration of different sources of wastewater is required to be explored for the large-scale utilization of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthanarayanan Yuvaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea; Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Remediation Techniques for Cadmium-Contaminated Dredged River Sediments after Land Disposal. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the remediation techniques of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated dredged river sediments after land disposal in a city in East China. Three remediation techniques, including stabilization, soil leaching, and phytoremediation, are compared by analyzing the performance of the techniques for Cd-contaminated soil remediation. The experimental results showed that the stabilization technique reduced the leaching rate of soil Cd from 33.3% to 14.3%, thus effectively reducing the biological toxicity of environmental Cd, but the total amount of Cd in soil did not decrease. Leaching soil with citric acid and oxalic acid achieved Cd removal rates of 90.1% and 92.4%, respectively. Compared with these two remediation techniques, phytoremediation was more efficient and easier to implement and had less secondary pollution, but it took more time, usually several years. In this study, these three remediation techniques were analyzed and discussed from technical, economic, and environmental safety perspectives by comprehensively considering the current status and future plans of the study site. Soil leaching was found to be the best technique for timely treatment of Cd contamination in dredged river sediments after land disposal.
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29
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Manikandan S, Karmegam N, Subbaiya R, Karthiga Devi G, Arulvel R, Ravindran B, Kumar Awasthi M. Emerging nano-structured innovative materials as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124394. [PMID: 33220545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water supply around the globe is struggling to meet the rapidly increasing demand by the population, drastic changes in climate and degrading water quality. Even though, many large-scale methods are employed for wastewater treatment they display several negative impacts owing to the presence of pollutants. Technological innovation is required for integrated water management with different groups of nanomaterials for the removal of toxic metal ions, microbial disease, organic and inorganic solutes. The method of manipulating atoms on a nanoscale is nanotechnology. Nanomembranes are used in nanotechnology to soften water and eliminate physical, chemical and biological pollutants. The present review concentrates on various nanotechnological approaches in wastewater remedy, mechanisms involved to promote implementation, benefits and limitations in comparison with current processes, properties, barriers and commercialization research needs. Also the review identifies opportunities for further exploiting the exclusive features for green water management by following the advances in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasubramanian Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Guruviah Karthiga Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramaswamy Arulvel
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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30
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Liu X, Xiao R, Li R, Amjad A, Zhang Z. Bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by earthworms (Eisenia fetida): Enhancement with EDTA and bean dregs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115191. [PMID: 32663730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil has become a global problem due to its toxicity to living organisms. In this study, earthworm (Eisenia fetida) alone or combined with EDTA or bean dregs were used for Cd removal from soils. The total and available Cd in soils, soil physicochemical and biological (soil enzyme) properties, Cd accumulation in the earthworm and its antioxidant responses towards Cd, were determined during the 35 days of soil incubation experiment. Our results showed that earthworms were capable of removing Cd from soils, and the remediation process was accelerated by both EDTA and bean dregs. By translocation of Cd from soils, the content of Cd in earthworm steadily increased with the exposure time to 8.11, 12.80, and 9.26 mg kg-1 on day 35 for T2 (earthworm alone), T3 (EDTA enhancement), and T4 (bean dregs enhancement), respectively. Consequently, a great reduction in the Cd contents in soils was achieved in T3 (36.53%) and T4 (30.8%) compared with T2 (28.95%). The concentrations of water/DTPA extractable Cd were also reduced, indicating the low Cd mobility after amendment. Finally, the soil became more fertile and active after wermi-remediation. The soil pH, EC, NO3--N, available P, and K contents increased, while soil SOM, DOC, and NH4+-N contents were decreased. There were higher soil enzyme activities (including acid phosphatase activity, β-glucosidase activity, and urease activity) among treatments with earthworms. Additionally, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) increased by 100-150 units, and the higher chao1 and Shannon indexes indicated the enhanced microbial community after wermi-remediation, especially among treatment with EDTA and bean dregs. Therefore, we concluded that earthworms, alone or combined with EDTA and bean dregs, are feasible for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Ali Amjad
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
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31
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Zeb A, Li S, Wu J, Lian J, Liu W, Sun Y. Insights into the mechanisms underlying the remediation potential of earthworms in contaminated soil: A critical review of research progress and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140145. [PMID: 32927577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, soil pollution is a major global concern drawing worldwide attention. Earthworms can resist high concentrations of soil pollutants and play a vital role in removing them effectively. Vermiremediation, using earthworms to remove contaminants from soil or help to degrade non-recyclable chemicals, is proved to be an alternative, low-cost technology for treating contaminated soil. However, knowledge about the mechanisms and framework of the vermiremediation various organic and inorganic contaminants is still limited. Therefore, we reviewed the research progress of effects of soil contaminants on earthworms and potential of earthworm used for remediation soil contaminated with heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, as well as crude oil. Especially, the possible processes, mechanisms, advantages and limitations, and how to boost the efficiency of vermiremediation are well addressed in this review. Finally, future prospects of vermiremediation soil contamination are listed to promote further studies and application of vermiremediation in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurang Zeb
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Song Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiapan Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weitao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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