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Ji X, Wu X, Deng R, Yang Y, Wang A, Zhu Y. Utilizing large language models for identifying future research opportunities in environmental science. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 373:123667. [PMID: 39673851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
Facing pressing global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, resource scarcity, and environmental pollution, the field of environmental science urgently needs innovative research methods. However, identifying meaningful and cutting-edge research topics is a significant challenge, as it requires a thorough understanding of existing literature and the ability to discern knowledge gaps. Traditional bibliometrics often fall short of capturing nascent interdisciplinary fields. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer potential solutions to this challenge. This study explores the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in identifying and analyzing emerging research opportunities in environmental science. We employ a text retrieval method based on word embeddings, utilizing the emergent reasoning abilities of LLMs combined with embedded search techniques to dynamically integrate the latest literature. By comparing the GPT-3.5 API with supplementary literature, ChatGPT, and GPT-4, we find that the GPT-3.5 API provides a more comprehensive, detailed, and current analysis of cutting-edge environmental science, emphasizing the importance of understanding the dynamics and timeliness of the field. Our findings underscore the critical role of interdisciplinary research, AI, and big data in addressing urgent environmental challenges. LLMs can serve as valuable tools for researchers, offering guidance and inspiration for future directions in environmental science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Anxu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
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2
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Xu T, Liu F, He J, Xu P, Qu J, Wang H, Yue J, Yang Q, Wu W, Zeng G, Sun D, Chen X. Leveraging zebrafish models for advancing radiobiology: Mechanisms, applications, and future prospects in radiation exposure research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 266:120504. [PMID: 39638026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) represents a significant risk to human health and societal stability. To effectively analyze the mechanisms of IR and enhance protective strategies, the development of more sophisticated animal models is imperative. The zebrafish, with its high degree of genomic homology to humans and the capacity for whole-body optical visualization and high-throughput screening, represents an invaluable model for the study of IR. This review examines the benefits of utilizing zebrafish as a model organism for research on IR, emphasizing recent advancements and applications. It presents a comprehensive overview of the methodologies for establishing IR models in zebrafish, addresses current challenges, and discusses future development trends. This paper provide theoretical support for elucidating the mechanisms of IR injury and developing effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Department of Endocrinology, Yiwu Central Hospital, The Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Fan Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Peiye Xu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Junying Qu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hanbing Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinghui Yue
- Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guoming Zeng
- Intelligent Construction Technology Application Service Center, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing City Vocational College, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Department of Endocrinology, Yiwu Central Hospital, The Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yiwu, 322000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Yiwu Central Hospital, The Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yiwu, 322000, China.
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3
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Masiero C, Aresi C, Forlino A, Tonelli F. Zebrafish Models for Skeletal and Extraskeletal Osteogenesis Imperfecta Features: Unveiling Pathophysiology and Paving the Way for Drug Discovery. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 115:931-959. [PMID: 39320469 PMCID: PMC11607041 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
In the last decades, the easy genetic manipulation, the external fertilization, the high percentage of homology with human genes and the reduced husbandry costs compared to rodents, made zebrafish a valid model for studying human diseases and for developing new therapeutical strategies. Since zebrafish shares with mammals the same bone cells and ossification types, it became widely used to dissect mechanisms and possible new therapeutic approaches in the field of common and rare bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), respectively. OI is a heritable skeletal disorder caused by defects in gene encoding collagen I or proteins/enzymes necessary for collagen I synthesis and secretion. Nevertheless, OI patients can be also characterized by extraskeletal manifestations such as dentinogenesis imperfecta, muscle weakness, cardiac valve and pulmonary abnormalities and skin laxity. In this review, we provide an overview of the available zebrafish models for both dominant and recessive forms of OI. An updated description of all the main similarities and differences between zebrafish and mammal skeleton, muscle, heart and skin, will be also discussed. Finally, a list of high- and low-throughput techniques available to exploit both larvae and adult OI zebrafish models as unique tools for the discovery of new therapeutic approaches will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Masiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Aresi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Hong T, Park J, An G, Song J, Song G, Lim W. Evaluation of organ developmental toxicity of environmental toxicants using zebrafish embryos. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100144. [PMID: 39489379 PMCID: PMC11635654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing global concern about environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals, plastics, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides, which have been detected in a variety of environments and are likely to be exposed to nontarget organisms, including humans. Various animal models have been utilized for toxicity assessment, and zebrafish are particularly valuable for studying the toxicity of various compounds owing to their similarity to other aquatic organisms and 70% genetic similarity to humans. Their development is easy to observe, and transgenic models for organs such as the heart, liver, blood vessels, and nervous system enable efficient studies of organ-specific toxicity. This suggests that zebrafish are a valuable tool for evaluating toxicity in specific organs and forecasting the potential impacts on other nontarget species. This review describes organ toxicity caused by various toxic substances and their mechanisms in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Maia ME, Martins RX, Carvalho M, Félix LM, Marques-Santos LF, Farias D. Effects of atrazine, diuron and glyphosate mixtures on zebrafish embryos: acute toxicity and oxidative stress responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02839-8. [PMID: 39612104 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are known for their toxic effects on non-target aquatic organisms. However, little is known about their effects when present in mixtures, which are closer to realistic exposure scenarios. Therefore, this study evaluates the toxicity of pesticides such as diuron, atrazine and glyphosate, individually and in combination, in zebrafish embryos, investigating their mechanisms of oxidative stress. The results revealed acute toxicity for diuron and atrazine, with LC50 values of 9.6 mg/L and 53.57 mg/L for 96-h-old zebrafish, respectively. On the other hand, no effect was observed for glyphosate alone at the maximum concentration tested (100 mg/L). The mixture of diuron and atrazine showed a synergistic effect, resulting in a decrease in the LC50 of each pesticide. Mixtures of diuron + glyphosate and atrazine + glyphosate were considered additive and antagonistic, respectively. All biomarkers analyzed (AChE, LDH, GST, CAT and GPx) showed significant changes. Furthermore, an increase in ROS production was observed in larvae exposed to individual and in the mixture composed of atrazine and diuron. These findings indicate that atrazine and diuron exhibit increased toxicity when combined, with their mechanisms of action-both in isolation and in mixtures-being at least partially linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Maia
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rafael Xavier Martins
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Matheus Carvalho
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- InovAgro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Davi Farias
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Franza M, Varricchio R, Alloisio G, De Simone G, Di Bella S, Ascenzi P, di Masi A. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as a Model System to Investigate the Role of the Innate Immune Response in Human Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12008. [PMID: 39596075 PMCID: PMC11593600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a valuable model for studying host-pathogen interactions due to its unique combination of characteristics. These include extensive sequence and functional conservation with the human genome, optical transparency in larvae that allows for high-resolution visualization of host cell-microbe interactions, a fully sequenced and annotated genome, advanced forward and reverse genetic tools, and suitability for chemical screening studies. Despite anatomical differences with humans, the zebrafish model has proven instrumental in investigating immune responses and human infectious diseases. Notably, zebrafish larvae rely exclusively on innate immune responses during the early stages of development, as the adaptive immune system becomes fully functional only after 4-6 weeks post-fertilization. This window provides a unique opportunity to isolate and examine infection and inflammation mechanisms driven by the innate immune response without the confounding effects of adaptive immunity. In this review, we highlight the strengths and limitations of using zebrafish as a powerful vertebrate model to study innate immune responses in infectious diseases. We will particularly focus on host-pathogen interactions in human infections caused by various bacteria (Clostridioides difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), viruses (herpes simplex virus 1, SARS-CoV-2), and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Franza
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy; (M.F.); (R.V.); (G.A.); (G.D.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Romualdo Varricchio
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy; (M.F.); (R.V.); (G.A.); (G.D.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Giulia Alloisio
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy; (M.F.); (R.V.); (G.A.); (G.D.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Giovanna De Simone
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy; (M.F.); (R.V.); (G.A.); (G.D.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy; (M.F.); (R.V.); (G.A.); (G.D.S.); (P.A.)
- Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy; (M.F.); (R.V.); (G.A.); (G.D.S.); (P.A.)
- Centro Linceo Interdisciplinare “Beniamino Segre”, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 00165 Roma, Italy
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7
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Wouters CP, Klein B, Price N, Boemer F, Voz ML, Votion DM. A Zebrafish Embryo Model to Screen Potential Therapeutic Compounds in Sapindaceae Poisoning. Molecules 2024; 29:4954. [PMID: 39459322 PMCID: PMC11510690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29204954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycin A (HGA) and methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPrG) are protoxins produced by Sapindaceae plants, particularly Acer pseudoplatanus, and are responsible for causing atypical myopathy (AM) in equids. These protoxins metabolise into toxic compounds, such as methylenecyclopropylacetyl-CoA (MCPA-CoA), which alters energy metabolism and induces severe rhabdomyolysis. Currently, no specific treatment exists for this poisoning, in vitro models fail to reproduce HGA's toxic effects on equine primary myoblasts, and mammalian models are impractical for large-scale drug screening. This study aimed to develop a zebrafish embryo model for screening therapeutic compounds against AM. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of HGA, MCPrG, and methylenecyclopropylacetate (MCPA) for 72 h. MCPrG did not induce toxicity, while HGA and MCPA showed median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 1.7 µM and 1 µM after 72 h, respectively. The highest levels of the conjugated metabolite MCPA-carnitine were detected 24 h after HGA exposure, and the acylcarnitines profile was highly increased 48 h post-exposure. Isovaleryl-/2- methylbutyrylcarnitine levels notably rose after 24 h, suggesting potential exposition biomarkers. Glycine and carnitine effectively reduced mortality, whereas riboflavin showed no protective effect. These findings suggest that the zebrafish embryo represents a valuable model for identifying therapeutic compounds for Sapindaceae poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis P. Wouters
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (B.K.); (D.-M.V.)
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (B.K.); (D.-M.V.)
| | - Nicholas Price
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - François Boemer
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Marianne L. Voz
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Dominique-Marie Votion
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (B.K.); (D.-M.V.)
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Hong T, Park J, Song G, Lim W. Brief guidelines for zebrafish embryotoxicity tests. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100090. [PMID: 38997089 PMCID: PMC11321278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been growing emphasis on environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, pesticides, and nanoplastics, owing to the escalating significance of environmental pollution as a major global issue. Various toxicities induced by these compounds have been consistently reported, and many cell lines and animal models have been used in toxicity studies. Zebrafish are one of the most widely used animal models for verifying the toxic effects of environmental pollutants, owing to their many advantages. In this study, we provide brief guidelines for zebrafish maintenance and mating methods, toxicant treatments, survival measurements, and morphological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Treccani S, Ferruti P, Alongi J, Monti E, Zizioli D, Ranucci E. Ecotoxicity Assessment of α-Amino Acid-Derived Polyamidoamines Using Zebrafish as a Vertebrate Model. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2087. [PMID: 39065404 PMCID: PMC11280761 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aquatic ecotoxicity of three α-amino acid-derived polyamidoamines (PAAs) was studied using zebrafish embryos as a viable vertebrate model organism. The PAAs examined were water-soluble amphoteric polyelectrolytes with a primarily negative charge, which were efficient flame retardants for cotton. The fish embryo acute toxicity test performed with PAA water solutions using 1.5-500 mg L-1 concentrations showed that toxicity did not statistically differ from the control. The survival rates were indeed >90%, even at the highest concentration; the hatching rates were >80%; and the numbers of morphological defects were comparable to those of the control. Tests using transgenic zebrafish lines indicated that the numbers of microscopic vascular and musculoskeletal defects were comparable to the control, with one random concentration showing doubled alterations. Sensory-motor tests in response to visual and tactile stimuli were also performed. In the presence of PAAs, embryos exposed to alternating light/dark cycles showed an insignificant mobility reduction during the dark phase. Touch-evoked response tests revealed a mild effect of PAAs on the neuromotor system at concentrations > 10 mg L-1. The cystine/glycine copolymer at 100 mg L-1 exhibited the greatest effect. Overall, the studied PAAs showed a minimal impact on aquatic systems and should be further considered as promising ecofriendly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Treccani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.T.); (P.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.T.); (P.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Jenny Alongi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.T.); (P.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.T.); (P.F.); (J.A.)
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10
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Rojoni SA, Ahmed MT, Rahman M, Hossain MMM, Ali MS, Haq M. Advances of microplastics ingestion on the morphological and behavioral conditions of model zebrafish: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106977. [PMID: 38820743 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Concerns have been conveyed regarding the availability and hazards of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic biota due to their widespread presence in aquatic habitats. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely used as a model organism to study the adverse impacts of MPs due to their several compelling advantages, such as their small size, ease of breeding, inexpensive maintenance, short life cycle, year-round spawning, high fecundity, fewer legal restrictions, and genetic resemblances to humans. Exposure of organisms to MPs produces physical and chemical toxic effects, including abnormal behavior, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, immune toxicity, reproductive imbalance, and histopathological effects. But the severity of the effects is size and concentration-dependent. It has been demonstrated that smaller particles could reach the gut and liver, while larger particles are only confined to the gill, the digestive tract of adult zebrafish. This thorough review encapsulates the current body of literature concerning research on MPs in zebrafish and demonstrates an overview of MPs size and concentration effects on the physiological, morphological, and behavioral characteristics of zebrafish. Finding gaps in the literature paves the way for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Alam Rojoni
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mer Mosharraf Hossain
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sadek Ali
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Monjurul Haq
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh.
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11
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Ma C, He Y, Wang H, Chang X, Qi C, Feng Y, Cai X, Bai M, Wang X, Zhao B, Dong W. Understanding the toxicity mechanism of gelsemine in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109886. [PMID: 38447648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Gelsemium elegans (GE), also known as Duanchangcao, is a plant associated with toxic symptoms related to the abdomen; however, the toxicity caused by GE remains unknown. Gelsemine (GEL) is an alkaloid extracted from GE and is one of the most toxic alkaloids. This study used zebrafish as an animal model and employed high-throughput gene sequencing to identify genes and signaling pathways related to GEL toxicity. Exposure to GEL negatively impacted heart rate, swim bladder development, and activity in zebrafish larvae. Transcriptomics data revealed the enrichment of inflammatory and phagocyte signaling pathways. RT-PCR analysis revealed a decrease in the expression of pancreas-related genes, including the pancreatic coagulation protease (Ctr) family, such as Ctrl, Ctrb 1, and Ctrc, due to GEL exposure. Furthermore, GEL exposure significantly reduced Ctrb1 protein expression while elevating trypsin and serum amylase activities in zebrafish larvae. GEL also resulted in a decrease in pancreas-associated fluorescence area and an increase in neutrophil-related fluorescence area in transgenic zebrafish. This study revealed that GEL toxicity in zebrafish larvae is related to acute pancreatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanan He
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xu Chang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Chelimuge Qi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; Department of agriculture and animal husbandry, XING AN VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE, Horqin Right Wing Front Banner, Inner Mongolia 137400, China
| | - Yuanzhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoxu Cai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Meirong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Research and Development Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Baoquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China.
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12
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Bianchi M, Paravani EV, Acosta MG, Odetti LM, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Pesticide-induced alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior, histology, DNA damage and mRNA expression: An integrated approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109895. [PMID: 38479676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
To assess the impact of glyphosate and 2,4-D herbicides, as well as the insecticide imidacloprid, both individually and in combination, the gills of adult zebrafish were used due to their intimate interaction with chemicals diluted in water. Bioassays were performed exposing the animals to the different pesticides and their mixture for 96 h. The behavior of the fish was analyzed, a histological examination of the gills was carried out, and the genotoxic effects were also analyzed by means of the comet assay (CA) and the change in the expression profiles of genes involved in the pathways of the oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. The length traveled and the average speed of the control fish, compared to those exposed to the pesticides and mainly those exposed to the mixture, were significantly greater. All the groups exposed individually exhibited a decrease in thigmotaxis time, indicating a reduction in the behavior of protecting themselves from predators. Histological analysis revealed significant differences in the structures of the gill tissues. The quantification of the histological lesions showed mild lesions in the fish exposed to imidacloprid, moderate to severe lesions for glyphosate, and severe lesions in the case of 2,4-D and the mixture of pesticides. The CA revealed the sensitivity of gill cells to DNA damage following exposure to glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid and the mixture. Finally, both genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway and those related to the cell apoptosis pathway were overexpressed, while the ogg1 gene, involved in DNA repair, was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina.
| | - E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - L M Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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13
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Liu C, Yang F, Wang J, Zhu R, Zhu J, Huang M. Myclobutanil induces cardiotoxicity in developing zebrafish larvae by initiating oxidative stress and apoptosis: The protective role of curcumin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116484. [PMID: 38820875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Myclobutanil (MYC) is a common triazole fungicide widely applied in agriculture. MYC extensively exists in the natural environment and can be detected in organisms. However, little is known about MYC-induced embryonic developmental damage. This study aimed to unravel the cardiotoxicity of MYC and the underlying mechanisms, as well as the cardioprotective effect of curcumin (CUR, an antioxidant polyphenol) using the zebrafish model. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to MYC at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and cardiac development was assessed. As results, MYC reduced the survival and hatching rate, body length and heart rate, but increased the malformation rate and spontaneous movement. MYC caused abnormal cardiac morphology and function in myl7:egfp transgenic zebrafish, and downregulated cardiac developmental genes. MYC promoted oxidative stress through excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and suppressed the activities of antioxidant enzymes, triggering cardiomyocytic apoptosis via upregulated expression of apoptosis-related genes. These adverse toxicities could be significantly ameliorated by the antioxidant properties of CUR, indicating that CUR rescued MYC-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Overall, our study revealed the potential mechanisms of oxidative stress and apoptosis in MYC-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish and identified the cardioprotection of CUR in this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Liu
- School of Public Health Management, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226011, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Renfei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226006, PR China.
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Mingtao Huang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China.
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Libanio Reis Santos E, Silva O, Nascimento Araújo BJ, de Lima Rodrigues M, de Oliveira-Lima J, Camargo-Mathias MI. Effects of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) on zebrafish ( Danio rerio) gills and blood. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:357-370. [PMID: 38305282 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2312253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) is an important surfactant used as a cleaning agent and industrial additive to remove unwanted chemicals which have been detected in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicological potential of SDBS on the gills of adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to this chemical. For the 96 hr acute exposure, fish were divided into three groups: control, 0.25 mg/L, and 0.5 mg/L of SDBS. After the experiment, morphophysiological analyses (gill histopathology and histochemistry), oxidative stress (determination of gill activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), and hematological analyses (leukocyte differentiation) were conducted. Data demonstrated that SDBS at both tested concentrations altered the histopathological index and initiated circulatory disturbances, as well as adverse, progressive, and immunological changes in the gills. In the 0.5 mg/L group, SOD activity decreased significantly, but CAT activity was not altered. Prominent blood changes observed in this group were neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. The number of mucous and chloride cells increased significantly in both groups. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that exposure of D. rerio to SDBS, even for 96 hr, produced adverse morphological and hematological effects associated with a reduction in SOD activity. Our findings indicate that exposure of aquatic species to the anionic surfactant SDBS may lead to adverse consequences associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, this study highlights the risks that this substance may pose to aquatic ecosystems and emphasizes the need for further investigations and strict regulations on its disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Libanio Reis Santos
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Gurupi (UnirG), Paraíso do Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Odaiza Silva
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Jéssyca Nascimento Araújo
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena de Lima Rodrigues
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Shao X, Xiao D, Yang Z, Jiang L, Li Y, Wang Y, Ding Y. Frontier of toxicology studies in zebrafish model. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:488-500. [PMID: 37697940 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on the 87 original publications only from quartiles 1 and 2 of Journal Citation Report (JCR) collected by the major academic databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Wiley) in 2022, the frontier of toxicology studies in zebrafish model is summarized. Herewith, a total of six aspects is covered such as developmental, neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, reproductive, and immunizing toxicities. The tested samples involve chemicals, drugs, new environmental pollutants, nanomaterials, and its derivatives, along with those related mechanisms. This report may provide a frontier focus benefit to researchers engaging in a zebrafish model for environment, medicine, food, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoyi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuling Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Liu S, Hou Y, Shi YJ, Zhang N, Hu YG, Chen WM, Zhang JL. Triphenyltin induced darker body coloration by disrupting melanocortin system and pteridine metabolic pathway in a reef fish, Amphiprion ocellaris. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116177. [PMID: 38461573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is a typical persistent organic pollutant whose occurrence in coral reef ecosystems may threaten the survival of reef fishes. In this study, a brightly colored representative reef fish, Amphiprion ocellaris was used to explore the effects of TPT at environmental levels (1, 10, and 100 ng/L) on skin pigment synthesis. After the fish were exposed to TPT for 60 days, the skin became darker, owing to an increase in the relative area of black stripes, a decrease in orange color values while an increase in brown color values, and an increase in the number of melanocytes in the orange part of the skin tissues. To explore the mechanisms by which TPT induces darker body coloration, the enzymatic activity and gene expression levels of the members of melanocortin system that affect melanin synthesis were evaluated. Leptin levels and lepr expression were found to be increased after TPT exposure, which likely contributed to the increase found in pomc expression and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) levels. Then Tyr activity and mc1r, tyr, tyrp1, mitf, and dct were upregulated, ultimately increasing melanin levels. Importantly, RT-qPCR results were consistent with the transcriptome analysis of trends in lepr and pomc expression. Because the orange color values decreased, pterin levels and the pteridine metabolic pathway were also evaluated. The results showed that TPT induced BH4 levels and spr, xdh, and gch1 expression associated with pteridine synthesis decreased, ultimately decreasing the colored pterin content (sepiapterin). We conclude that TPT exposure interferes with the melanocortin system and pteridine metabolic pathway to increase melanin and decrease colored pterin levels, leading to darker body coloration in A. ocellaris. Given the importance of body coloration for the survival and reproduction of reef fishes, studies on the effects of pollutants (others alongside TPT) on body coloration are of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Ya-Jun Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Yi-Guang Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Wen-Ming Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Civilization and Integrated Land-Sea Development, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China.
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17
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Cirqueira F, Figueirêdo LPD, Malafaia G, Rocha TL. Zebrafish neuromast sensory system: Is it an emerging target to assess environmental pollution impacts? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123400. [PMID: 38272167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution poses risks to ecosystems. Among these risks, one finds neurotoxicity and damage to the lateral line structures of fish, such as the neuromast and its hair cells. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is recommended as model species to be used in ecotoxicological studies and environmental biomonitoring programs aimed at assessing several biomarkers, such as ototoxicity. However, little is known about the history of and knowledge gaps on zebrafish ototoxicity. Thus, the aim of the current study is to review data available in the scientific literature about using zebrafish as animal model to assess neuromast toxicity. It must be done by analyzing the history and publication category, world production, experimental design, developmental stages, chemical classes, neuromasts and hair cell visualization methods, and zebrafish strains. Based on the results, number, survival and fluorescence intensity of neuromasts, and their hair cells, were the parameters oftentimes used to assess ototoxicity in zebrafish. The wild AB strain was the most used one, and it was followed by Tübingen and transgenic strains with GFP markers. DASPEI was the fluorescent dye most often applied as method to visualize neuromasts, and it was followed by Yo-Pro-1 and GFP transgenic lines. Antibiotics, antitumorals, metals, nanoparticles and plant extracts were the most frequent classes of chemicals used in the analyzed studies. Overall, pollutants can harm zebrafish's mechanosensory system, as well as affect their behavior and survival. Results have shown that zebrafish is a suitable model system to assess ototoxicity induced by environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cirqueira
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Livia Pitombeira de Figueirêdo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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18
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da Rocha Junior ER, Porto VA, Crispim AC, Ursulino JS, de Jesus LWO, de Souza Bento E, Santos JCC, de Aquino TM. Assessment of thimerosal effects in sublethal concentrations on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exploring NMR-based metabolomics profile. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104361. [PMID: 38211665 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Thimerosal, a preservative commonly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, has raised concerns regarding its potentially toxic effects as an organic mercury compound. Within this context, using an NMR-based metabolomics profile and chemometric analysis, zebrafish embryos were used as an in vivo model to study the effects of thimerosal in metabolic profiles after exposure to sublethal concentrations of the mercury compound. The thimerosal concentrations of 40 and 80 nM were employed, corresponding to 40% and 80% of the LC50, respectively, for zebrafish embryos. The most significant alterations in the metabolic profile included changes in carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, trimethylamine-N-oxide, ethanolamine, betaine, and ethanol. Furthermore, thimerosal exposure affects various metabolic pathways, impairing the nervous system, disrupting protein metabolism, and potentially causing oxidative damage. Therefore, adopting a metabolomics approach in this investigation provided insights into the potentially implicated metabolic pathways contributing to the deleterious effects of thimerosal in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmilson Rodrigues da Rocha Junior
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Viviane Amaral Porto
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Alessandre Carmo Crispim
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Santana Ursulino
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Edson de Souza Bento
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
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19
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Zhao W, Chen Y, Hu N, Long D, Cao Y. The uses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an in vivo model for toxicological studies: A review based on bibliometrics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116023. [PMID: 38290311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
An in vivo model is necessary for toxicology. This review analyzed the uses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in toxicology based on bibliometrics. Totally 56,816 publications about zebrafish from 2002 to 2023 were found in Web of Science Core Collection, with Toxicology as the top 6 among all disciplines. Accordingly, the bibliometric map reveals that "toxicity" has become a hot keyword. It further reveals that the most common exposure types include acute, chronic, and combined exposure. The toxicological effects include behavioral, intestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, endocrine toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and reproductive and transgenerational toxicity. The mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The toxicants commonly evaluated by using zebrafish model include nanomaterials, arsenic, metals, bisphenol, and dioxin. Overall, zebrafish provide a unique and well-accepted model to investigate the toxicological effects and mechanisms. We also discussed the possible ways to address some of the limitations of zebrafish model, such as the combination of human organoids to avoid species differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yuna Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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20
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Feng C, Bai H, Chang X, Wu Z, Dong W, Ma Q, Yang J. Aflatoxin B1-induced early developmental hepatotoxicity in larvae zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139940. [PMID: 37634582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a ubiquitous mycotoxin that causes oxidative damage in various organs. At present, the research studies on AFB1 are primarily focused on its effects on the terrestrial environment and animals. However, its toxicity mechanism in aquatic environments and aquatic animals has not been largely explored. Thus, in this study, zebrafish was used as a model to study the toxicity mechanism of AFB1 on the liver of developing larvae. The results showed that AFB1 exposure inhibited liver development and promoted fat accumulation in the liver. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that AFB1 affected liver redox metabolism and oxidoreductase activity. KEGG analysis showed that AFB1 inhibited the expression of gsto1, gpx4a, mgst3a, and idh1 in the glutathione metabolizing enzyme gene pathway, resulting in hepatic oxidative stress. At the same time, AFB1 also inhibited the expression of acox1, acsl1b, pparα, fabp2, and cpt1 genes in peroxidase and PPAR metabolic pathways, inducing hepatic steatosis and lipid droplet accumulation. Antioxidant N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) preconditioning up-regulated gsto1, gpx4a and idh1 genes, and improved the AFB1-induced lipid droplet accumulation in the liver. In summary, AFB1 induced hepatic oxidative stress and steatosis, resulting in abnormal liver fat metabolism and accumulation of cellular lipid droplets. NAC could be used as a potential preventative drug to improve AFB1-induced fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Feng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongxia Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Xu Chang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Inst Pharmaceut Chem & Pharmacol, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China.
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21
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Wang X, Ma T, Wei C, Liu J, Yu T, Zou Y, Liu S, Yang Z, Xi J. Toxic effects of exogenous retinoic acid on the neurodevelopment of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107291. [PMID: 37689270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous retinoic acid (RA) is essential for embryonic development and maintaining adult physiological processes. Human-caused RA residues in the environment threaten the survival of organisms in the environment. We employed zebrafish as a model to explore the developmental impacts of excess RA. We used exogenous RA to raise the amount of RA signal in the embryos and looked at the effects of excess RA on embryonic morphological development. Upregulation of the RA signal significantly reduced embryo hatching and increased embryo malformation. To further understand the neurotoxic impact of RA signaling on early neurodevelopment, we measured the expression of neurodevelopmental marker genes and cell death and proliferation markers in zebrafish embryos. Exogenous RA disrupted stem cell (SC) and neuron marker gene expression and exacerbated apoptosis in the embryos. Furthermore, we looked into the links between the transcriptional coactivator RBM14 and RA signaling to better understand the mechanism of RA neurotoxicity. There was a negative interaction between RA signaling and the transcription coactivator RBM14, and the morpholino-induced RBM14 down-regulation can partially block the effects of RAR antagonist BMS493-induced RA signaling inhibition on embryonic malformation and cell apoptosis. In conclusion, exogenous RA causes neurodevelopmental toxicity, and RBM14 may be involved in this neurotoxic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cizhao Wei
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheqiong Yang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinlei Xi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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22
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Zhao F, Ding X, Liu Z, Yan X, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Kang T, Xie C, He M, Zheng J. Application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122458. [PMID: 37633433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals are widely used and released into the environment, and their degradation, accumulation, migration, and transformation processes in the environment can pose a threat to the ecosystem. The advancement in analytical methods with high-throughput screening of biomolecules has revolutionized the way toxicologists used to explore the effects of chemicals on organisms. CRISPR/Cas is a newly developed tool, widely used in the exploration of basic science and biologically engineered products given its high efficiency and low cost. For example, it can edit target genes efficiently, and save loss of the crop yield caused by environmental pollution as well as gain a better understanding of the toxicity mechanisms from various chemicals. This review briefly introduces the development history of CRISPR/Cas and summarizes the current application of CRISPR/Cas in ecotoxicology, including its application on improving crop yield and drug resistance towards agricultural pollution, antibiotic pollution and other threats. The benefits by applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system in conventional toxicity mechanism studies are fully demonstrated here together with its foreseeable expansions in other area of ecotoxicology. Finally, the prospects and disadvantages of CRISPR/Cas system in the field of ecotoxicology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Ding
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zimeng Liu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yaxin Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shunjie Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Kang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Xie
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Mian He
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
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Cui J, Tian S, Gu Y, Wu X, Wang L, Wang J, Chen X, Meng Z. Toxicity effects of pesticides based on zebrafish (Danio rerio) models: Advances and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139825. [PMID: 37586498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides inevitably enter aquatic environments, posing potential risks to organisms. The common aquatic model organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio), are widely used to evaluate the toxicity of pesticides. In this review, we searched the Web of Science database for articles published between 2012 and 2022, using the keywords "pesticide", "zebrafish", and "toxicity", retrieving 618 publications. Furthermore, we described the main pathways by which pesticides enter aquatic environments and the fate of their residues in these environments. We systematically reviewed the toxicity effects of pesticides on zebrafish, including developmental toxicity, endocrine-disrupting effects, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Importantly, we summarized the latest research progress on the toxicity mechanism of pesticides to zebrafish based on omics technologies, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics. Finally, we discussed future research prospects, focusing on the combined exposure of multiple pollutants including pesticides, the risk of multigenerational exposure to pesticides, and the chronic toxicity of aquatic nanopesticides. This review provides essential data support for ecological risk assessments of pesticides in aquatic environments, and has implications for water management in the context of pesticide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Cui
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuntong Gu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Maffioli E, Nonnis S, Grassi Scalvini F, Negri A, Tedeschi G, Toni M. The Neurotoxic Effect of Environmental Temperature Variation in Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15735. [PMID: 37958719 PMCID: PMC10648238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity consists of the altered functionality of the nervous system caused by exposure to chemical agents or altered chemical-physical parameters. The neurotoxic effect can be evaluated from the molecular to the behavioural level. The zebrafish Danio rerio is a model organism used in many research fields, including ecotoxicology and neurotoxicology. Recent studies by our research group have demonstrated that the exposure of adult zebrafish to low (18 °C) or high (34 °C) temperatures alters their brain proteome and fish behaviour compared to control (26 °C). These results showed that thermal variation alters the functionality of the nervous system, suggesting a temperature-induced neurotoxic effect. To demonstrate that temperature variation can be counted among the factors that generate neurotoxicity, eight different protein datasets, previously published by our research group, were subjected to new analyses using an integrated proteomic approach by means of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software (Release December 2022). The datasets consist of brain proteome analyses of wild type adult zebrafish kept at three different temperatures (18 °C, 26 °C, and 34 °C) for 4 days (acute) or 21 days (chronic treatment), and of BDNF+/- and BDNF-/- zebrafish kept at 26 °C or 34 °C for 21 days. The results (a) demonstrate that thermal alterations generate an effect that can be defined as neurotoxic (p value ≤ 0.05, activation Z score ≤ -2 or ≥2), (b) identify 16 proteins that can be used as hallmarks of the neurotoxic processes common to all the treatments applied and (c) provide three protein panels (p value ≤ 0.05) related to 18 °C, 34 °C, and BDNF depletion that can be linked to anxiety-like or boldness behaviour upon these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.)
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Via Alfonso Borrelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Shen Y, Sheng R, Guo R. Application of Zebrafish as a Model for Anti-Cancer Activity Evaluation and Toxicity Testing of Natural Products. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:827. [PMID: 37375774 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing natural product-based anti-cancer drugs/agents is a promising way to overcome the serious side effects and toxicity of traditional chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment. However, rapid assessment of the in vivo anti-cancer activities of natural products is a challenge. Alternatively, zebrafish are useful model organisms and perform well in addressing this challenging issue. Nowadays, a growing number of studies have utilized zebrafish models to evaluate the in vivo activities of natural compounds. Herein, we reviewed the application of zebrafish models for evaluating the anti-cancer activity and toxicity of natural products over the past years, summarized its process and benefits, and provided future outlooks for the development of natural product-based anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ruihua Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
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26
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Chen Y, Li P, Chen T, Liu H, Wang P, Dai X, Zou Q. Ronidazole Is a Superior Prodrug to Metronidazole for Nitroreductase-Mediated Hepatocytes Ablation in Zebrafish Larvae. Zebrafish 2023. [PMID: 37229597 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a very important role in physiological processes of the human body. Liver regeneration has developed into an important area of study in liver disease. The Mtz (metronidazole)/NTR (nitroreductase)-mediated cell ablation system has been widely used to study the processes and mechanisms of liver injury and regeneration. However, high concentrations and toxic side effects of Mtz severely limit the application of the Mtz/NTR system. Therefore, screening new analogs to replace Mtz has become an important means to optimize the NTR ablation system. In this study, we screened five Mtz analogs including furazolidone, ronidazole, ornidazole, nitromide, and tinidazole. We compared their toxicity on the transgenic fish line Tg(fabp10a: mCherry-NTR) and their specific ablation ability on liver cells. The results showed that Ronidazole at a lower concentration (2 mM) had the same ability to ablate liver cells comparable with that of Mtz (10 mM), almost without toxic side effects on juvenile fish. Further study found that zebrafish hepatocyte injury caused by the Ronidazole/NTR system achieved the same liver regenerative effect as the Mtz/NTR system. The above results show that Ronidazole can replace Mtz with NTR to achieve superior damage and ablation effects in zebrafish liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Chen
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Schools of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Vascular Homeostasis of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- Schools of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingliang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Vascular Homeostasis of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu, China
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Zhang Q, Ma W, Zhu J. Combined Toxicities of Di-Butyl Phthalate and Polyethylene Terephthalate to Zebrafish Embryos. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050469. [PMID: 37235283 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing concern for the ecological risks of microplastics (MPs) as carriers of hydrophobic organic contaminants is evident. Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is extensively utilized as an additive in plastic products, and both DBP and MPs are widespread in the environment. However, the combined toxicity of these substances remains uncertain. In this study, zebrafish embryos were employed to assess the toxic effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, MPs) and DBP, with a focus on the DBP toxicities influenced by PET. The embryonic chorion was partially covered by PET particles, and PET led to a delayed hatching of zebrafish embryos without inducing death or teratogenesis. On the other hand, exposure to DBP considerably inhibited the hatching of embryos, leading to severe lethal and teratogenic effects. The most common phenotypes induced by DBP exposure were delayed yolk sac absorption and pericardial edema. The mortality increased in co-treatment with 100 particles/mL PET and 2 mg/L DBP at 24 hpf and 48 hpf. The malformation phenotype, bent notochord, and delayed yolk sac absorption became more severe in 1 mg/L DBP exposition with the co-exposure of 100 particles/mL PET at 72 hpf. PET might act as a carrier that enhances the bioavailability of ambient DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Jingmin Zhu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
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28
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Sim Y, Cho HJ, Lee JS, Lee WS, Kim H, Jeong J. Combined effects of microplastics and benz[a]anthracene on cardiotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae: Size matters. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138723. [PMID: 37084899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The size of microplastics (MPs) plays an important role in combined toxic effects including synergistic or antagonistic effects. However, the influence of the size of MPs on the combined toxicity of contaminants remains unclear. In this study, we employed a zebrafish model to investigate the effects of MP size on the combined toxicity of benz[a]anthracene (BaA), a representative polyaromatic hydrocarbon, using three different sizes of polystyrene MPs (PSMPs) (0.2, 1.0, and 10 μm). Treatment of all groups did not result in any mortality of the zebrafish larvae. However, small-sized PSMPs (0.2 μm) enhanced the toxic effect of BaA in larvae such as cardiac defect and disruption of vessel formation. Medium-sized PSMPs (1.0 μm) were boundary in terms of the combined toxic effect; however, large-sized PSMPs (10 μm) alleviated the cardiotoxicity of BaA, including cardiac defect, ROS levels, and cell death. The combined effects showed a correlation with the body burden of MPs and BaA in larvae according to particle size (in the order of 0.2 μm > 1.0 μm > 10 μm). The synergistic effects occurred likely because the small PSMPs facilitated the body burden of BaA, induced excessive ROS by Ahr-mediated activity, and caused cell death in the heart, resulting in increased heart defects in the larvae. In contrast, large PSMPs abated the combined toxic effect through decreased body burden, whereas medium PSMPs form a boundary in combined effects. Therefore, the combined toxic effects of MPs are dependent on their size, which plays an important role in the transport and accumulation of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugyeong Sim
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Sik Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jeong
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou H, Yang T, Lu Z, He X, Quan J, Liu S, Chen Y, Wu K, Cao H, Liu J, Yu L. Liquiritin exhibits anti-acute lung injury activities through suppressing the JNK/Nur77/c-Jun pathway. Chin Med 2023; 18:35. [PMID: 37013552 PMCID: PMC10068703 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), a well-known traditional medicine, is traditionally used for the treatment of respiratory disorders, such as cough, sore throat, asthma and bronchitis. We aim to investigate the effects of liquiritin (LQ), the main bioactive compound in licorice against acute lung injury (ALI) and explore the potential mechanism. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish. Intratracheal instillation of 3 mg/kg of LPS was used for induction an ALI mice model. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were tested using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of JNK/Nur77/c-Jun related proteins. Protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by BCA protein assay. The effect of JNK on Nur77 transcriptional activity was determined by luciferase reporter assay, while electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to examine the c-Jun DNA binding activity. RESULTS LQ has significant anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish and RAW264.7 cells. LQ inhibited the expression levels of p-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), p-Nur77 (Ser351) and p-c-Jun (Ser63), while elevated the Nur77 expression level. Inhibition of JNK by a specific inhibitor or small interfering RNA enhanced the regulatory effect of LQ on Nur77/c-Jun, while JNK agonist abrogated LQ-mediated effects. Moreover, Nur77-luciferase reporter activity was suppressed after JNK overexpression. The effects of LQ on the expression level of c-Jun and the binding activity of c-Jun with DNA were attenuated after Nur77 siRNA treatment. LQ significantly ameliorated LPS-induced ALI with the reduction of lung water content and BALF protein content, the downregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lung BALF and the suppression of JNK/Nur77/c-Jun signaling, which can be reversed by a specific JNK agonist. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that LQ exerts significant protective effects against LPS-induced inflammation both in vivo and in vitro via suppressing the activation of JNK, and consequently inhibiting the Nur77/c-Jun signaling pathway. Our study suggests that LQ may be a potential therapeutic candidate for ALI and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhou
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangjia Yang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Lu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Quan
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhong Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangtai Wu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junshan Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linzhong Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Billat PA, Vogs C, Blassiau C, Brochot C, Wincent E, Brion F, Beaudouin R. PBTK modeled perfluoroalkyl acid kinetics in zebrafish eleutheroembryos suggests impacts on bioconcentrations by chorion porosity dynamics. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 89:105588. [PMID: 36958675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish eleutheroembryo (zfe) is widely used as a model to characterize the toxicity of chemicals. However, analytical methods are still missing to measure organ concentrations. Therefore, physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling may overcome current limitations to help understand the relationship between toxic effects and internal exposure in various organs. A previous PBTK model has been updated to include the chorionic transport barrier and its permeabilization, hatching dynamics within a zfe population over development, and active mediated transport mechanisms. The zfe PBTK model has been calibrated using measured time-dependent internal concentrations of PFBA, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFOS in a zfe population and evaluated using external datasets from the literature. Calibration was successful with 96% of the predictions falling within a 2-fold range of the observed concentrations. The external dataset was correctly estimated with about 50% of the predictions falling within a factor of 3 of the observed data and 10% of the predictions are out of the 10-fold error. The calibrated model suggested that active mediated transport differs between PFAS with a sulfonic and carboxylic acid functional end groups. This PBTK model predicts well the fate of PFAS with various physicochemical properties in zfe. Therefore, this model may improve the use of zfe as an alternative model in toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic studies and help to refine and reduce zfe-based experiments, while giving insights into the internal kinetics of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Billat
- INERIS, Experimental toxicology and modeling unit (TEAM), Parc ALATA BP2, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clément Blassiau
- INERIS, Experimental toxicology and modeling unit (TEAM), Parc ALATA BP2, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- INERIS, Experimental toxicology and modeling unit (TEAM), Parc ALATA BP2, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Emma Wincent
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - François Brion
- INERIS, Ecotoxicology of substances and environments unit (ESMI), Parc ALATA BP2, Verneuil en Halatte, France; UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA BP2, Verneuil en Halatte, INERIS, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- INERIS, Experimental toxicology and modeling unit (TEAM), Parc ALATA BP2, Verneuil en Halatte, France; UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA BP2, Verneuil en Halatte, INERIS, France.
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31
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Gómez de la Torre Canny S, Nordgård CT, Mathisen AJH, Degré Lorentsen E, Vadstein O, Bakke I. A novel gnotobiotic experimental system for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) reveals a microbial influence on mucosal barrier function and adipose tissue accumulation during the yolk sac stage. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1068302. [PMID: 36817693 PMCID: PMC9929952 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gnotobiotic models have had a crucial role in studying the effect that commensal microbiota has on the health of their animal hosts. Despite their physiological and ecological diversity, teleost fishes are still underrepresented in gnotobiotic research. Moreover, a better understanding of host-microbe interactions in farmed fish has the potential to contribute to sustainable global food supply. We have developed a novel gnotobiotic experimental system that includes the derivation of fertilized eggs of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon, and gnotobiotic husbandry of fry during the yolk sac stage. We used a microscopy-based approach to estimate the barrier function of the skin mucus layer and used this measurement to select the derivation procedure that minimized adverse effects on the skin mucosa. We also used this method to demonstrate that the mucus barrier was reduced in germ-free fry when compared to fry colonized with two different bacterial communities. This alteration in the mucus barrier was preceded by an increase in the number of cells containing neutral mucosubstances in the anterior segment of the body, but without changes in the number of cells containing acidic substances in any of the other segments studied along the body axis. In addition, we showed how the microbial status of the fry temporarily affected body size and the utilization of internal yolk stores during the yolk sac stage. Finally, we showed that the presence of bacterial communities associated with the fry, as well as their composition, affected the size of adipose tissue. Fry colonized with water from a lake had a larger visceral adipose tissue depot than both conventionally raised and germ-free fry. Together, our results show that this novel gnotobiotic experimental system is a useful tool for the study of host-microbe interactions in this species of aquacultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ingrid Bakke
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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