1
|
Eliezeck M, Guedes Jesus IC, Scalzo SA, Sanches BDL, Silva KSC, Costa M, Mesquita T, Rocha-Resende C, Szawka RE, Guatimosim S. β-Adrenergic signaling drives structural and functional maturation of mouse cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1334-C1344. [PMID: 38557356 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac maturation represents the last phase of heart development and is characterized by morphofunctional alterations that optimize the heart for efficient pumping. Its understanding provides important insights into cardiac regeneration therapies. Recent evidence implies that adrenergic signals are involved in the regulation of cardiac maturation, but the mechanistic underpinnings involved in this process are poorly understood. Herein, we explored the role of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation in determining structural and functional components of cardiomyocyte maturation. Temporal characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine levels in the mouse heart revealed that sympathetic innervation develops during the first 3 wk of life, concurrent with the rise in β-AR expression. To assess the impact of adrenergic inhibition on maturation, we treated mice with propranolol, isolated cardiomyocytes, and evaluated morphofunctional parameters. Propranolol treatment reduced heart weight, cardiomyocyte size, and cellular shortening, while it increased the pool of mononucleated myocytes, resulting in impaired maturation. No changes in t-tubules were observed in cells from propranolol mice. To establish a causal link between β-AR signaling and cardiomyocyte maturation, mice were subjected to sympathectomy, followed or not by restoration with isoproterenol treatment. Cardiomyocytes from sympathectomyzed mice recapitulated the salient immaturity features of propranolol-treated mice, with the additional loss of t-tubules. Isoproterenol rescued the maturation deficits induced by sympathectomy, except for the t-tubule alterations. Our study identifies the β-AR stimuli as a maturation promoting signal and implies that this pathway can be modulated to improve cardiac regeneration therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maturation involves a series of morphofunctional alterations vital to heart development. Its regulatory mechanisms are only now being unveiled. Evidence implies that adrenergic signaling regulates cardiac maturation, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this point, we blocked β-ARs or performed sympathectomy followed by rescue experiments with isoproterenol in neonatal mice. Our study identifies the β-AR stimuli as a maturation signal for cardiomyocytes and highlights the importance of this pathway in cardiac regeneration therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Eliezeck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Itamar Couto Guedes Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A Scalzo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Lima Sanches
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kaoma Stephani Costa Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mateus Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thássio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cibele Rocha-Resende
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang Y, Wan JP, Wang Z, Song SY, Zhang CX, Yang L, Zhang QY, Yan CY, Wu FY, Lu SY, Sun F, Han B, Zhao SX, Dong M, Song HD. Deficiency of the HGF/Met pathway leads to thyroid dysgenesis by impeding late thyroid expansion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3165. [PMID: 38605010 PMCID: PMC11009301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of bifurcation, a key step in thyroid development, are largely unknown. Here we find three zebrafish lines from a forward genetic screening with similar thyroid dysgenesis phenotypes and identify a stop-gain mutation in hgfa and two missense mutations in met by positional cloning from these zebrafish lines. The elongation of the thyroid primordium along the pharyngeal midline was dramatically disrupted in these zebrafish lines carrying a mutation in hgfa or met. Further studies show that MAPK inhibitor U0126 could mimic thyroid dysgenesis in zebrafish, and the phenotypes are rescued by overexpression of constitutively active MEK or Snail, downstream molecules of the HGF/Met pathway, in thyrocytes. Moreover, HGF promotes thyrocyte migration, which is probably mediated by downregulation of E-cadherin expression. The delayed bifurcation of the thyroid primordium is also observed in thyroid-specific Met knockout mice. Together, our findings reveal that HGF/Met is indispensable for the bifurcation of the thyroid primordium during thyroid development mediated by downregulation of E-cadherin in thyrocytes via MAPK-snail pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Fang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Jia-Ping Wan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shi-Yang Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qian-Yue Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chen-Yan Yan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Sang-Yu Lu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kerp H, Gassen J, Grund SC, Hönes GS, Dörr S, Mittag J, Härting N, Kaiser F, Moeller LC, Lorenz K, Führer D. Cardiac recovery from pressure overload is not altered by thyroid hormone status in old mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1339741. [PMID: 38455657 PMCID: PMC10917895 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1339741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thyroid hormones (THs) are known to have various effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the impact of TH levels on preexisting cardiac diseases is still unclear. Pressure overload due to arterial hypertension or aortic stenosis and aging are major risk factors for the development of structural and functional abnormalities and subsequent heart failure. Here, we assessed the sensitivity to altered TH levels in aged mice with maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Methods Mice at the age of 12 months underwent TAC and received T4 or anti-thyroid medication in drinking water over the course of 4 weeks after induction of left ventricular pressure overload. Results T4 excess or deprivation in older mice had no or only very little impact on cardiac function (fractional shortening), cardiac remodeling (cardiac wall thickness, heart weight, cardiomyocyte size, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis), and mortality. This is surprising because T4 excess or deprivation had significantly changed the outcome after TAC in young 8-week-old mice. Comparing the gene expression of deiodinases (Dio) 2 and 3 and TH receptor alpha (TRα) 1 and the dominant-negative acting isoform TRα2 between young and aged mice revealed that aged mice exhibited a higher expression of TRα2 and Dio3, while expression of Dio2 was reduced compared with young mice. These changes in Dio2 and 3 expressions might lead to reduced TH availability in the hearts of 12-month-old mice accompanied by reduced TRα action due to higher TRα2. Discussion In summary, our study shows that low and high TH availability have little impact on cardiac function and remodeling in older mice with preexisting pressure-induced cardiac damage. This observation seems to be the result of an altered expression of deiodinases and TRα isoforms, thus suggesting that even though cardiovascular risk is increasing with age, the response to TH stress may be dampened in certain conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janina Gassen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Camilla Grund
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dörr
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nina Härting
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Johnson JP, Yang Y, Yu D, Kubo H, Berretta RM, Wang T, Zhang X, Foster M, Yu J, Tilley DG, Houser SR, Chen X. Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac disease responses of the progeny. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H702-H719. [PMID: 37539452 PMCID: PMC10659327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00320.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism (MH) could adversely affect the cardiac disease responses of the progeny. This study tested the hypothesis that MH reduces early postnatal cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation so that the adult heart of MH progeny has a smaller number of larger cardiac myocytes, which imparts adverse cardiac disease responses following injury. Thyroidectomy (TX) was used to establish MH. The progeny from mice that underwent sham or TX surgery were termed Ctrl (control) or MH (maternal hypothyroidism) progeny, respectively. MH progeny had similar heart weight (HW) to body weight (BW) ratios and larger CM size consistent with fewer CMs at postnatal day 60 (P60) compared with Ctrl (control) progeny. MH progeny had lower numbers of EdU+, Ki67+, and phosphorylated histone H3 (PH3)+ CMs, which suggests they had a decreased CM proliferation in the postnatal timeframe. RNA-seq data showed that genes related to DNA replication were downregulated in P5 MH hearts, including bone morphogenetic protein 10 (Bmp10). Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed Bmp10 treatment increased CM proliferation. After transverse aortic constriction (TAC), the MH progeny had more severe cardiac pathological remodeling compared with the Ctrl progeny. Thyroid hormone (T4) treatment for MH mothers preserved their progeny's postnatal CM proliferation capacity and prevented excessive pathological remodeling after TAC. Our results suggest that CM proliferation during early postnatal development was significantly reduced in MH progeny, resulting in fewer CMs with hypertrophy in adulthood. These changes were associated with more severe cardiac disease responses after pressure overload.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that compared with Ctrl (control) progeny, the adult progeny of mothers who have MH (MH progeny) had fewer CMs. This reduction of CM numbers was associated with decreased postnatal CM proliferation. Gene expression studies showed a reduced expression of Bmp10 in MH progeny. Bmp10 has been linked to myocyte proliferation. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that Bmp10 treatment of MH progeny and their myocytes could increase CM proliferation. Differences in CM number and size in adult hearts of MH progeny were linked to more severe cardiac structural and functional remodeling after pressure overload. T4 (synthetic thyroxine) treatment of MH mothers during their pregnancy, prevented the reduction in CM number in their progeny and the adverse response to disease stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jaslyn P Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Foster
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kannan S, Miyamoto M, Zhu R, Lynott M, Guo J, Chen EZ, Colas AR, Lin BL, Kwon C. Trajectory reconstruction identifies dysregulation of perinatal maturation programs in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112330. [PMID: 37014753 PMCID: PMC10545814 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A limitation in the application of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) is the failure of these cells to achieve full functional maturity. The mechanisms by which directed differentiation differs from endogenous development, leading to consequent PSC-CM maturation arrest, remain unclear. Here, we generate a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reference of mouse in vivo CM maturation with extensive sampling of previously difficult-to-isolate perinatal time periods. We subsequently generate isogenic embryonic stem cells to create an in vitro scRNA-seq reference of PSC-CM-directed differentiation. Through trajectory reconstruction, we identify an endogenous perinatal maturation program that is poorly recapitulated in vitro. By comparison with published human datasets, we identify a network of nine transcription factors (TFs) whose targets are consistently dysregulated in PSC-CMs across species. Notably, these TFs are only partially activated in common ex vivo approaches to engineer PSC-CM maturation. Our study can be leveraged toward improving the clinical viability of PSC-CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kannan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renjun Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Lynott
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elaine Zhelan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian Leei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ernst P, Bidwell PA, Dora M, Thomas DD, Kamdar F. Cardiac calcium regulation in human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes: Implications for disease modeling and maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:986107. [PMID: 36742199 PMCID: PMC9889838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.986107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are based on ground-breaking technology that has significantly impacted cardiovascular research. They provide a renewable source of human cardiomyocytes for a variety of applications including in vitro disease modeling and drug toxicity testing. Cardiac calcium regulation plays a critical role in the cardiomyocyte and is often dysregulated in cardiovascular disease. Due to the limited availability of human cardiac tissue, calcium handling and its regulation have most commonly been studied in the context of animal models. hiPSC-CMs can provide unique insights into human physiology and pathophysiology, although a remaining limitation is the relative immaturity of these cells compared to adult cardiomyocytes Therefore, this field is rapidly developing techniques to improve the maturity of hiPSC-CMs, further establishing their place in cardiovascular research. This review briefly covers the basics of cardiomyocyte calcium cycling and hiPSC technology, and will provide a detailed description of our current understanding of calcium in hiPSC-CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ernst
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Philip A. Bidwell
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michaela Dora
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - David D. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Forum Kamdar
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Forum Kamdar,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hong Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang Y, Chen M, Wang X, Luo M, Wang K. Engineering the maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1155052. [PMID: 37034258 PMCID: PMC10073467 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1155052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) has been a major challenge to further expand the scope of their application. Over the past years, several strategies have been proven to facilitate the structural and functional maturation of hSC-CMs, which include but are not limited to engineering the geometry or stiffness of substrates, providing favorable extracellular matrices, applying mechanical stretch, fluidic or electrical stimulation, co-culturing with niche cells, regulating biochemical cues such as hormones and transcription factors, engineering and redirecting metabolic patterns, developing 3D cardiac constructs such as cardiac organoid or engineered heart tissue, or culturing under in vivo implantation. In this review, we summarize these maturation strategies, especially the recent advancements, and discussed their advantages as well as the pressing problems that need to be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meining Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
| | - Mingyao Luo
- Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun C, Chen S. Disease-causing mutations in genes encoding transcription factors critical for photoreceptor development. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1134839. [PMID: 37181651 PMCID: PMC10172487 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1134839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor development of the vertebrate visual system is controlled by a complex transcription regulatory network. OTX2 is expressed in the mitotic retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and controls photoreceptor genesis. CRX that is activated by OTX2 is expressed in photoreceptor precursors after cell cycle exit. NEUROD1 is also present in photoreceptor precursors that are ready to specify into rod and cone photoreceptor subtypes. NRL is required for the rod fate and regulates downstream rod-specific genes including the orphan nuclear receptor NR2E3 which further activates rod-specific genes and simultaneously represses cone-specific genes. Cone subtype specification is also regulated by the interplay of several transcription factors such as THRB and RXRG. Mutations in these key transcription factors are responsible for ocular defects at birth such as microphthalmia and inherited photoreceptor diseases such as Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and allied dystrophies. In particular, many mutations are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, including the majority of missense mutations in CRX and NRL. In this review, we describe the spectrum of photoreceptor defects that are associated with mutations in the above-mentioned transcription factors, and summarize the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic mutations. At last, we deliberate the outstanding gaps in our understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations and outline avenues for future research of the treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Chi Sun,
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leowattana W, Leowattana T, Leowattana P. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-atrial-specific cardiomyocytes and atrial fibrillation. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9588-9601. [PMID: 36186184 PMCID: PMC9516943 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i27.9588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-aCMs) may be produced, genome-edited, and differentiated into multiple cell types for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug testing, toxicity screening, and three-dimensional tissue fabrication. There is presently no complete model of atrial fibrillation (AF) available for studying human pharmacological responses and evaluating the toxicity of potential medication candidates. It has been demonstrated that hiPSC-aCMs can replicate the electrophysiological disease phenotype and genotype of AF. The hiPSC-aCMs, however, are immature and do not reflect the maturity of aCMs in the native myocardium. Numerous laboratories utilize a variety of methodologies and procedures to improve and promote aCM maturation, including electrical stimulation, culture duration, biophysical signals, and changes in metabolic variables. This review covers the current methods being explored for use in the maturation of patient-specific hiPSC-aCMs and their application towards a personalized approach to the pharmacologic therapy of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawithep Leowattana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Pathomthep Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bogush N, Tan L, Naqvi E, Calvert JW, Graham RM, Taylor WR, Naqvi N, Husain A. Remuscularization with triiodothyronine and β 1-blocker therapy reverses post-ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and adverse remodeling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8852. [PMID: 35614155 PMCID: PMC9132945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewal of the myocardium by preexisting cardiomyocytes is a powerful strategy for restoring the architecture and function of hearts injured by myocardial infarction. To advance this strategy, we show that combining two clinically approved drugs, but neither alone, muscularizes the heart through cardiomyocyte proliferation. Specifically, in adult murine cardiomyocytes, metoprolol, a cardioselective β1-adrenergic receptor blocker, when given with triiodothyronine (T3, a thyroid hormone) accentuates the ability of T3 to stimulate ERK1/2 phosphorylation and proliferative signaling by inhibiting expression of the nuclear phospho-ERK1/2-specific phosphatase, dual-specificity phosphatase-5. While short-duration metoprolol plus T3 therapy generates new heart muscle in healthy mice, in mice with myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular dysfunction and pathological remodeling, it remuscularizes the heart, restores contractile function and reverses chamber dilatation; outcomes that are enduring. If the beneficial effects of metoprolol plus T3 are replicated in humans, this therapeutic strategy has the potential to definitively address ischemic heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Bogush
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 3311 WMRB, 323 WMRB, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 3311 WMRB, 323 WMRB, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Emmen Naqvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 3311 WMRB, 323 WMRB, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 3311 WMRB, 323 WMRB, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Cardiology Division, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 3311 WMRB, 323 WMRB, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 3311 WMRB, 323 WMRB, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takagishi M, Aleogho BM, Okumura M, Ushida K, Yamada Y, Seino Y, Fujimura S, Nakashima K, Shindo A. Nutritional control of thyroid morphogenesis through gastrointestinal hormones. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1485-1496.e4. [PMID: 35196509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing animals absorb nutrients either through the placenta or from ingested food; however, the mechanisms by which embryos use external nutrients for individual organ morphogenesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed nutrient-dependent thyroid follicle morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis and investigated the role of secreted gastrointestinal (GI) hormones post-feeding. We found that feeding triggers thyroid follicle formation, and the thyroid cells showed transient inactivation of cell proliferation after feeding. In addition, the thyroid cells with multi-lumina were frequently observed in the fed tadpoles. The expression of the particular GI hormone incretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), responded to feeding in the intestines of Xenopus tadpoles. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (Dpp4), a degradative enzyme of incretin, increased the size of the thyroid follicles by facilitating follicular lumina connection, whereas inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) reversed the effects of Dpp4 inhibition. Furthermore, injection of GIP peptide in unfed tadpoles initiated thyroid follicle formation-without requiring feeding-and injection of an incretin receptor antagonist suppressed follicle enlargement in the fed tadpoles. Lastly, GIP receptor knockout in neonatal mice showed smaller follicles in the thyroid, suggesting that the GI hormone-dependent thyroid morphogenesis is conserved in mammals. In conclusion, our study links external nutrients to thyroid morphogenesis and provides new insights into the function of GI hormone as a regulator of organ morphology in developing animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Takagishi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Binta Maria Aleogho
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masako Okumura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Division for Medical Research Engineering, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 2-1-7 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Sayoko Fujimura
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakashima
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Asako Shindo
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan; Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Progress in Bioengineering Strategies for Heart Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073482. [PMID: 35408844 PMCID: PMC8998628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human heart has the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs, and heart disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world with insufficient therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration is a major goal in modern cardiac biology and medicine. Recent advances in stem cell biology and biotechnologies such as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and cardiac tissue engineering hold great promise for opening novel paths to heart regeneration and repair for heart disease, although these areas are still in their infancy. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering strategies, highlighting stem cell engineering and cardiomyocyte maturation, development of novel functional biomaterials and biofabrication tools, and their therapeutic applications involving drug discovery, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine for heart disease.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
In mammalian cardiac myocytes, the plasma membrane includes the surface sarcolemma but also a network of membrane invaginations called transverse (t-) tubules. These structures carry the action potential deep into the cell interior, allowing efficient triggering of Ca2+ release and initiation of contraction. Once thought to serve as rather static enablers of excitation-contraction coupling, recent work has provided a newfound appreciation of the plasticity of the t-tubule network's structure and function. Indeed, t-tubules are now understood to support dynamic regulation of the heartbeat across a range of timescales, during all stages of life, in both health and disease. This review article aims to summarize these concepts, with consideration given to emerging t-tubule regulators and their targeting in future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bomer N, Pavez-Giani MG, Deiman FE, Linders AN, Hoes MF, Baierl CL, Oberdorf-Maass SU, de Boer RA, Silljé HH, Berezikov E, Simonides WS, Westenbrink BD, van der Meer P. Selenoprotein DIO2 Is a Regulator of Mitochondrial Function, Morphology and UPRmt in Human Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11906. [PMID: 34769334 PMCID: PMC8584701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the fetal-gene-program may act as regulatory components to impede deleterious events occurring with cardiac remodeling, and constitute potential novel therapeutic heart failure (HF) targets. Mitochondrial energy derangements occur both during early fetal development and in patients with HF. Here we aim to elucidate the role of DIO2, a member of the fetal-gene-program, in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived human cardiomyocytes and on mitochondrial dynamics and energetics, specifically. RNA sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis was performed on mouse cardiac tissue at different time points during development, adult age, and ischemia-induced HF. To determine the function of DIO2 in cardiomyocytes, a stable human hPSC-line with a DIO2 knockdown was made using a short harpin sequence. Firstly, we showed the selenoprotein, type II deiodinase (DIO2): the enzyme responsible for the tissue-specific conversion of inactive (T4) into active thyroid hormone (T3), to be a member of the fetal-gene-program. Secondly, silencing DIO2 resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species, impaired activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, severely impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced cellular viability. Microscopical 3D reconstruction of the mitochondrial network displayed substantial mitochondrial fragmentation. Summarizing, we identified DIO2 to be a member of the fetal-gene-program and as a key regulator of mitochondrial performance in human cardiomyocytes. Our results suggest a key position of human DIO2 as a regulator of mitochondrial function in human cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Mario G. Pavez-Giani
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Frederik E. Deiman
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Annet N. Linders
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Martijn F. Hoes
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Christiane L.J. Baierl
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Silke U. Oberdorf-Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Herman H.W. Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Warner S. Simonides
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Unversiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Naqvi N, Iismaa SE, Graham RM, Husain A. Mechanism-Based Cardiac Regeneration Strategies in Mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:747842. [PMID: 34708043 PMCID: PMC8542766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.747842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure in adults is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can arise from a variety of diseases, with most resulting in a loss of cardiomyocytes that cannot be replaced due to their inability to replicate, as well as to a lack of resident cardiomyocyte progenitor cells in the adult heart. Identifying and exploiting mechanisms underlying loss of developmental cardiomyocyte replicative capacity has proved to be useful in developing therapeutics to effect adult cardiac regeneration. Of course, effective regeneration of myocardium after injury requires not just expansion of cardiomyocytes, but also neovascularization to allow appropriate perfusion and resolution of injury-induced inflammation and interstitial fibrosis, but also reversal of adverse left ventricular remodeling. In addition to overcoming these challenges, a regenerative therapy needs to be safe and easily translatable. Failure to address these critical issues will delay the translation of regenerative approaches. This review critically analyzes current regenerative approaches while also providing a framework for future experimental studies aimed at enhancing success in regenerating the injured heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawazish Naqvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
It has been nearly 15 years since the discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). During this time, differentiation methods to targeted cells have dramatically improved, and many types of cells in the human body can be currently generated at high efficiency. In the cardiovascular field, the ability to generate human cardiomyocytes in vitro with the same genetic background as patients has provided a great opportunity to investigate human cardiovascular diseases at the cellular level to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the diseases and discover potential therapeutics. Additionally, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes have provided a powerful platform to study drug-induced cardiotoxicity and identify patients at high risk for the cardiotoxicity; thus, accelerating personalized precision medicine. Moreover, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes can be sources for cardiac cell therapy. Here, we review these achievements and discuss potential improvements for the future application of iPSC technology in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Approaches to Optimize Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Maturation and Function. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
Kerp H, Hönes GS, Tolstik E, Hönes-Wendland J, Gassen J, Moeller LC, Lorenz K, Führer D. Protective Effects of Thyroid Hormone Deprivation on Progression of Maladaptive Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:683522. [PMID: 34395557 PMCID: PMC8363198 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.683522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Thyroid hormones (TH) play a central role for cardiac function. TH influence heart rate and cardiac contractility, and altered thyroid function is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The precise role of TH in onset and progression of heart failure still requires clarification. Methods: Chronic left ventricular pressure overload was induced in mouse hearts by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). One week after TAC, alteration of TH status was induced and the impact on cardiac disease progression was studied longitudinally over 4 weeks in mice with hypo- or hyperthyroidism and was compared to euthyroid TAC controls. Serial assessment was performed for heart function (2D M-mode echocardiography), heart morphology (weight, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area), and molecular changes in heart tissues (TH target gene expression, apoptosis, and mTOR activation) at 2 and 4 weeks. Results: In diseased heart, subsequent TH restriction stopped progression of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac function. In contrast and compared to euthyroid TAC controls, increased TH availability after TAC propelled maladaptive cardiac growth and development of heart failure. This was accompanied by a rise in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mTOR pathway activation. Conclusion: This study shows, for the first time, a protective effect of TH deprivation against progression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and development of congestive heart failure in mice with left ventricular pressure overload. Whether this also applies to the human situation needs to be determined in clinical studies and would infer a critical re-thinking of management of TH status in patients with hypertensive heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elen Tolstik
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Judith Hönes-Wendland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janina Gassen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maturation strategies and limitations of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:226678. [PMID: 33057659 PMCID: PMC8209171 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs). They are not only widely used in cardiac pharmacology screening, human heart disease modeling, and cell transplantation-based treatments, but also the most promising source of CMs for experimental and clinical applications. However, their use is largely restricted by the immature phenotype of structure and function, which is similar to embryonic or fetal CMs and has certain differences from adult CMs. In order to overcome this critical issue, many studies have explored and revealed new strategies to induce the maturity of iPSC-CMs. Therefore, this article aims to review recent induction methods of mature iPSC-CMs, related mechanisms, and limitations.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gharanei M, Shafaattalab S, Sangha S, Gunawan M, Laksman Z, Hove-Madsen L, Tibbits GF. Atrial-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in drug discovery and disease modeling. Methods 2021; 203:364-377. [PMID: 34144175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and application of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been instrumental in the investigation of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Patient-specific hiPSCs can now be generated, genome-edited, and subsequently differentiated into various cell types and used for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug testing, toxicity screening, and 3D tissue generation. Modulation of the retinoic acid signaling pathway has been shown to direct cardiomyocyte differentiation towards an atrial lineage. A variety of studies have successfully differentiated patient-specific atrial cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-aCM) and atrial engineered heart tissue (aEHT) that express atrial specific genes (e.g., sarcolipin and ANP) and exhibit atrial electrophysiological and contractility profiles. Identification of protocols to differentiate atrial cells from patients with atrial fibrillation and other inherited diseases or creating disease models using genetic mutation studies has shed light on the mechanisms of atrial-specific diseases and identified the efficacy of atrial-selective pharmacological compounds. hiPSC-aCMs and aEHTs can be used in drug discovery and drug screening studies to investigate the efficacy of atrial selective drugs on atrial fibrillation models. Furthermore, hiPSC-aCMs can be effective tools in studying the mechanism, pathophysiology and treatment options of atrial fibrillation and its genetic underpinnings. The main limitation of using hiPSC-CMs is their immature phenotype compared to adult CMs. A wide range of approaches and protocols are used by various laboratories to optimize and enhance CM maturation, including electrical stimulation, culture time, biophysical cues and changes in metabolic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayel Gharanei
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sanam Shafaattalab
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sarabjit Sangha
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Marvin Gunawan
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Cardiac Rhythm and Contraction Group, IIBB-CSIC, CIBERCV, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08025, Spain
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Next generation of heart regenerative therapies: progress and promise of cardiac tissue engineering. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34075050 PMCID: PMC8169890 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult heart is a vital and highly specialized organ of the human body, with limited capability of self-repair and regeneration in case of injury or disease. Engineering biomimetic cardiac tissue to regenerate the heart has been an ambition in the field of tissue engineering, tracing back to the 1990s. Increased understanding of human stem cell biology and advances in process engineering have provided an unlimited source of cells, particularly cardiomyocytes, for the development of functional cardiac muscle, even though pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes poorly resemble those of the adult heart. This review outlines key biology-inspired strategies reported to improve cardiomyocyte maturation features and current biofabrication approaches developed to engineer clinically relevant cardiac tissues. It also highlights the potential use of this technology in drug discovery science and disease modeling as well as the current efforts to translate it into effective therapies that improve heart function and promote regeneration.
Collapse
|
22
|
Rafatian N, Vizely K, Al Asafen H, Korolj A, Radisic M. Drawing Inspiration from Developmental Biology for Cardiac Tissue Engineers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000190. [PMID: 34008910 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A sound understanding of developmental biology is part of the foundation of effective stem cell-derived tissue engineering. Here, the key concepts of cardiac development that are successfully applied in a bioinspired approach to growing engineered cardiac tissues, are reviewed. The native cardiac milieu is studied extensively from embryonic to adult phenotypes, as it provides a resource of factors, mechanisms, and protocols to consider when working toward establishing living tissues in vitro. It begins with the various cell types that constitute the cardiac tissue. It is discussed how myocytes interact with other cell types and their microenvironment and how they change over time from the embryonic to the adult states, with a view on how such changes affect the tissue function and may be used in engineered tissue models. Key embryonic signaling pathways that have been leveraged in the design of culture media and differentiation protocols are presented. The cellular microenvironment, from extracellular matrix chemical and physical properties, to the dynamic mechanical and electrical forces that are exerted on tissues is explored. It is shown that how such microenvironmental factors can inform the design of biomaterials, scaffolds, stimulation bioreactors, and maturation readouts, and suggest considerations for ongoing biomimetic advancement of engineered cardiac tissues and regeneration strategies for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Katrina Vizely
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Hadel Al Asafen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guzzolino E, Milella MS, Forini F, Borsò M, Rutigliano G, Gorini F, Zucchi R, Saba A, Bianchi F, Iervasi G, Pitto L. Thyroid disrupting effects of low-dose dibenzothiophene and cadmium in single or concurrent exposure: New evidence from a translational zebrafish model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144703. [PMID: 33486188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are major regulators of biological processes essential for correct development and energy homeostasis. Although thyroid disruptors can deeply affect human health, the impact of exogenous chemicals and in particular mixture of chemicals on different aspects of thyroid development and metabolism is not yet fully understood. In this study we have used the highly versatile zebrafish model to assess the thyroid axis disrupting effects of cadmium (Cd) and dibenzothiophene (DBT), two environmental endocrine disruptors found to be significantly correlated in epidemiological co-exposure studies. Zebrafish embryos (5hpf) were exposed to low concentrations of Cd (from 0.05 to 2 μM) and DBT (from 0.05 to 1 μM) and to mixtures of them. A multilevel assessment of the pollutant effects has been obtained by combining in vivo morphological analyses allowed by the use of transgenic fluorescent lines with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry determination of TH levels and quantification of the expression levels of key genes involved in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis (HPTA) and TH metabolism. Our results underscore for the first time an important synergistic toxic effect of these pollutants on embryonic development and thyroid morphology highlighting differences in the mechanisms through which they can adversely impact on multiple physiological processes of the HPTA and TH disposal influencing also heart geometry and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Guzzolino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - M S Milella
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Forini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Borsò
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rutigliano
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Zucchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Saba
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Iervasi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tampakakis E, Mahmoud AI. The role of hormones and neurons in cardiomyocyte maturation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:136-143. [PMID: 33931308 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The heart undergoes profound morphological and functional changes as it continues to mature postnatally. However, this phase of cardiac development remains understudied. More recently, cardiac maturation research has attracted a lot of interest due to the need for more mature stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug screening and heart regeneration. Additionally, neonatal heart injury models have been utilized to study heart regeneration, and factors regulating postnatal heart development have been associated with adult cardiac disease. Critical components of cardiac maturation are systemic and local biochemical cues. Specifically, cardiac innervation and the concentration of various metabolic hormones appear to increase perinatally and they have striking effects on cardiomyocytes. Here, we first report some of the key parameters of mature cardiomyocytes and then discuss the specific effects of neurons and hormonal cues on cardiomyocyte maturation. We focus primarily on the structural, electrophysiologic, metabolic, hypertrophic and hyperplastic effects of each factor. This review highlights the significance of underappreciated regulators of cardiac maturation and underscores the need for further research in this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
James EC, Tomaskovic-Crook E, Crook JM. Bioengineering Clinically Relevant Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Tissues from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063005. [PMID: 33809429 PMCID: PMC8001925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is insufficient to functionally recover damaged tissue, and as such, ischaemic heart disease forms the largest proportion of cardiovascular associated deaths. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have enormous potential for developing patient specific cardiomyocytes for modelling heart disease, patient-based cardiac toxicity testing and potentially replacement therapy. However, traditional protocols for hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes yield mixed populations of atrial, ventricular and nodal-like cells with immature cardiac properties. New insights gleaned from embryonic heart development have progressed the precise production of subtype-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes; however, their physiological immaturity severely limits their utility as model systems and their use for drug screening and cell therapy. The long-entrenched challenges in this field are being addressed by innovative bioengingeering technologies that incorporate biophysical, biochemical and more recently biomimetic electrical cues, with the latter having the potential to be used to both direct hiPSC differentiation and augment maturation and the function of derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissues by mimicking endogenous electric fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Claire James
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
| | - Eva Tomaskovic-Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.T.-C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Jeremy Micah Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.T.-C.); (J.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Amram AV, Cutie S, Huang GN. Hormonal control of cardiac regenerative potential. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R25-R35. [PMID: 33320107 PMCID: PMC7923045 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Research conducted across phylogeny on cardiac regenerative responses following heart injury implicates endocrine signaling as a pivotal regulator of both cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Three prominently studied endocrine factors are thyroid hormone, vitamin D, and glucocorticoids, which canonically regulate gene expression through their respective nuclear receptors thyroid hormone receptor, vitamin D receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor. The main animal model systems of interest include humans, mice, and zebrafish, which vary in cardiac regenerative responses possibly due to the differential onsets and intensities of endocrine signaling levels throughout their embryonic to postnatal organismal development. Zebrafish and lower vertebrates tend to retain robust cardiac regenerative capacity into adulthood while mice and other higher vertebrates experience greatly diminished cardiac regenerative potential in their initial postnatal period that is sustained throughout adulthood. Here, we review recent progress in understanding how these three endocrine signaling pathways regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration with a particular focus on the controversial findings that may arise from different assays, cellular-context, age, and species. Further investigating the role of each endocrine nuclear receptor in cardiac regeneration from an evolutionary perspective enables comparative studies between species in hopes of extrapolating the findings to novel therapies for human cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Amram
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen Cutie
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to G N Huang:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li J, Hua Y, Miyagawa S, Zhang J, Li L, Liu L, Sawa Y. hiPSC-Derived Cardiac Tissue for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8893. [PMID: 33255277 PMCID: PMC7727666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevant, predictive normal, or disease model systems are of vital importance for drug development. The difference between nonhuman models and humans could contribute to clinical trial failures despite ideal nonhuman results. As a potential substitute for animal models, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) provide a powerful tool for drug toxicity screening, modeling cardiovascular diseases, and drug discovery. Here, we review recent hiPSC-CM disease models and discuss the features of hiPSC-CMs, including subtype and maturation and the tissue engineering technologies for drug assessment. Updates from the international multisite collaborators/administrations for development of novel drug discovery paradigms are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Cell Design for Tissue Construction, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pitto L, Gorini F, Bianchi F, Guzzolino E. New Insights into Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Thyroid Diseases: The Epigenetic Way. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217787. [PMID: 33114343 PMCID: PMC7662297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the presence in the environment of chemical compounds with thyroid-disrupting effects is progressively increased. This phenomenon has risen concern for human health as the preservation of thyroid system homeostasis is essential for fetal development and for maintaining psychological and physiological wellbeing. An increasing number of studies explored the role of different classes of toxicants in the occurrence and severity of thyroid diseases, but large epidemiological studies are limited and only a few animal or in vitro studies have attempted to identify the mechanisms of chemical action. Recently, epigenetic changes such as alteration of methylation status or modification of non-coding RNAs have been suggested as correlated to possible deleterious effects leading to different thyroid disorders in susceptible individuals. This review aims to analyze the epigenetic alterations putatively induced by chemical exposures and involved in the onset of frequent thyroid diseases such as thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis and disruption of fetal thyroid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 39-050-3153090
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Elena Guzzolino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Palacios-Martinez J, Caballero-Perez J, Espinal-Centeno A, Marquez-Chavoya G, Lomeli H, Salas-Vidal E, Schnabel D, Chimal-Monroy J, Cruz-Ramirez A. Multi-organ transcriptomic landscape of Ambystoma velasci metamorphosis. Dev Biol 2020; 466:22-35. [PMID: 32828730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metamorphosis is a postembryonic developmental process that involves morphophysiological and behavioral changes, allowing organisms to adapt into a novel environment. In some amphibians, aquatic organisms undergo metamorphosis to adapt in a terrestrial environment. In this process, these organisms experience major changes in their circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. We performed a transcriptional global analysis of heart, lung and gills during diverse stages of Ambystoma velasci to investigate its metamorphosis. In our analyses, we identified eight gene clusters for each organ, according to the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes. We found 4064 differentially expressed genes in the heart, 4107 in the lung and 8265 in the gills. Among the differentially expressed genes in the heart, we observed genes involved in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes in the interatrial zone, vasculogenesis and in the maturation of coronary vessels. In the lung, we found genes differentially expressed related to angiogenesis, alveolarization and synthesis of the surfactant protein. In the case of the gills, the most prominent biological processes identified are degradation of extracellular matrix, apoptosis and keratin production. Our study sheds light on the transcriptional responses and the pathways modulation involved in the transformation of the facultative metamorphic salamander A. velasci in an organ-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Palacios-Martinez
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Caballero-Perez
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico; Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Annie Espinal-Centeno
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Marquez-Chavoya
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Hilda Lomeli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y FisioloMéxico Citygía Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62250, Mexico
| | - Enrique Salas-Vidal
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y FisioloMéxico Citygía Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62250, Mexico
| | - Denhi Schnabel
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y FisioloMéxico Citygía Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62250, Mexico
| | - Jesus Chimal-Monroy
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramirez
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A specialized population of Periostin-expressing cardiac fibroblasts contributes to postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation and innervation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21469-21479. [PMID: 32817558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period in mammals, the cardiac muscle transitions from hyperplasic to hypertrophic growth, the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes remodeling, and the heart loses regenerative capacity. While ECM maturation and crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs) have been implicated in neonatal heart development, not much is known about specialized fibroblast heterogeneity and function in the early postnatal period. In order to better understand CF functions in heart maturation and postnatal cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest, we have performed gene expression profiling and ablation of postnatal CF populations. Fibroblast lineages expressing Tcf21 or Periostin were traced in transgenic GFP reporter mice, and their biological functions and transitions during the postnatal period were examined in sorted cells using RNA sequencing. Highly proliferative Periostin (Postn)+ lineage CFs were found from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P11 but were not detected at P30, due to a repression of Postn gene expression. This population was less abundant and transcriptionally different from Tcf21+ resident CFs. The specialized Postn+ population preferentially expresses genes related to cell proliferation and neuronal development, while Tcf21+ CFs differentially express genes related to ECM maturation at P7 and immune crosstalk at P30. Ablation of the Postn+ CFs from P0 to P6 led to altered cardiac sympathetic nerve patterning and a reduction in binucleation and hypertrophic growth with increased fetal troponin (TroponinI1) expression in CM. Thus, postnatal CFs are heterogeneous and include a transient proliferative Postn+ population required for cardiac nerve development and cardiomyocyte maturation soon after birth.
Collapse
|
31
|
Cutie S, Payumo AY, Lunn D, Huang GN. In vitro and in vivo roles of glucocorticoid and vitamin D receptors in the control of neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferative potential. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 142:126-134. [PMID: 32289320 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferative potential varies considerably across species. While lower vertebrates and neonatal mammals retain robust capacities for CM proliferation, adult mammalian CMs lose proliferative potential due to cell-cycle withdrawal and polyploidization, failing to mount a proliferative response to regenerate lost CMs after cardiac injury. The decline of murine CM proliferative potential occurs in the neonatal period when the endocrine system undergoes drastic changes for adaptation to extrauterine life. We recently demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH) signaling functions as a primary factor driving CM proliferative potential loss in vertebrates. Whether other hormonal pathways govern this process remains largely unexplored. Here we showed that agonists of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) suppressed neonatal CM proliferation. We next examined CM nucleation and proliferation in neonatal mutant mice lacking GR or VDR specifically in CMs, but we observed no difference between mutant and control littermates at postnatal day 14. Additionally, we generated compound mutant mice that lack GR or VDR and express dominant-negative TH receptor alpha in their CMs, and similarly observed no increase in CM proliferative potential compared to dominant-negative TH receptor alpha mice alone. Thus, although GR and VDR activation is sufficient to inhibit CM proliferation, they seem to be dispensable for neonatal CM cell-cycle exit and polyploidization in vivo. In addition, given the recent report that VDR activation in zebrafish promotes CM proliferation and tissue regeneration, our results suggest distinct roles of VDR in zebrafish and rodent CM cell-cycle regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cutie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander Y Payumo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dominic Lunn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ulmer BM, Eschenhagen T. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for studying energy metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118471. [PMID: 30954570 PMCID: PMC7042711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte energy metabolism is altered in heart failure, and primary defects of metabolic pathways can cause heart failure. Studying cardiac energetics in rodent models has principal shortcomings, raising the question to which extent human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) can provide an alternative. As metabolic maturation of CM occurs mostly after birth during developmental hypertrophy, the immaturity of hiPSC-CM is an important limitation. Here we shortly review the physiological drivers of metabolic maturation and concentrate on methods to mature hiPSC-CM with the goal to benchmark the metabolic state of hiPSC-CM against in vivo data and to see how far known abnormalities in inherited metabolic disorders can be modeled in hiPSC-CM. The current data indicate that hiPSC-CM, despite their immature, approximately mid-fetal state of energy metabolism, faithfully recapitulate some basic metabolic disease mechanisms. Efforts to improve their metabolic maturity are underway and shall improve the validity of this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel M Ulmer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Deisenroth C, Soldatow VY, Ford J, Stewart W, Brinkman C, LeCluyse EL, MacMillan DK, Thomas RS. Development of an In Vitro Human Thyroid Microtissue Model for Chemical Screening. Toxicol Sci 2020; 174:63-78. [PMID: 31808822 PMCID: PMC8061085 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for regulating a number of diverse physiological processes required for normal growth, development, and metabolism. The US EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) has identified several molecular thyroid targets relevant to hormone synthesis dynamics that have been adapted to high-throughput screening (HTS) assays to rapidly evaluate the ToxCast/Tox21 chemical inventories for potential thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs). The uncertainty surrounding the specificity of active chemicals identified in these screens and the relevance to phenotypic effects on in vivo human TH synthesis are notable data gaps for hazard identification of TDCs. The objective of this study was to develop a medium-throughput organotypic screening assay comprised of reconstructed human thyroid microtissues to quantitatively evaluate the disruptive effects of chemicals on TH production and secretion. Primary human thyroid cells procured from qualified euthyroid donors were analyzed for retention of NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), Keratin 7 (KRT7), and Thyroglobulin (TG) protein expression by high-content image analysis to verify enrichment of follicular epithelial cells. A direct comparison of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) 96-well culture formats was employed to characterize the morphology, differential gene expression, TG production, and TH synthesis over the course of 20 days. The results indicate that modeling human thyroid cells in the 3D format was sufficient to restore TH synthesis not observed in the 2D culture format. Inhibition of TH synthesis in an optimized 3D culture format was demonstrated with reference chemicals for key molecular targets within the thyroid gland. Implementation of the assay may prove useful for interpreting phenotypic effects of candidate TDCs identified by HTS efforts currently underway in the EDSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Deisenroth
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | | | - Jermaine Ford
- Research Cores Unit, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Wendy Stewart
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Cassandra Brinkman
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | | | - Denise K. MacMillan
- Research Cores Unit, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Russell S. Thomas
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Karbassi E, Fenix A, Marchiano S, Muraoka N, Nakamura K, Yang X, Murry CE. Cardiomyocyte maturation: advances in knowledge and implications for regenerative medicine. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:341-359. [PMID: 32015528 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) biology has advanced to the point where we now can generate most cells of the human body in the laboratory. PSC-derived cardiomyocytes can be generated routinely with high yield and purity for disease research and drug development, and these cells are now gradually entering the clinical research phase for the testing of heart regeneration therapies. However, a major hurdle for their applications is the immature state of these cardiomyocytes. In this Review, we describe the structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes and present the current approaches to mature PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. To date, the greatest success in maturation of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes has been with transplantation into the heart in animal models and the engineering of 3D heart tissues with electromechanical conditioning. In conventional 2D cell culture, biophysical stimuli such as mechanical loading, electrical stimulation and nanotopology cues all induce substantial maturation, particularly of the contractile cytoskeleton. Metabolism has emerged as a potent means to control maturation with unexpected effects on electrical and mechanical function. Different interventions induce distinct facets of maturation, suggesting that activating multiple signalling networks might lead to increased maturation. Despite considerable progress, we are still far from being able to generate PSC-derived cardiomyocytes with adult-like phenotypes in vitro. Future progress will come from identifying the developmental drivers of maturation and leveraging them to create more mature cardiomyocytes for research and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Karbassi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aidan Fenix
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Marchiano
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naoto Muraoka
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tan L, Bogush N, Naib H, Perry J, Calvert JW, Martin DIK, Graham RM, Naqvi N, Husain A. Redox activation of JNK2α2 mediates thyroid hormone-stimulated proliferation of neonatal murine cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17731. [PMID: 31776360 PMCID: PMC6881338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (mROS) are frequently associated with DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, but physiological increases in mROS serve to regulate specific cell functions. T3 is a major regulator of mROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here we show that exogenous thyroid hormone (T3) administration increases cardiomyocyte numbers in neonatal murine hearts. The mechanism involves signaling by mitochondria-generated H2O2 (mH2O2) acting via the redox sensor, peroxiredoxin-1, a thiol peroxidase with high reactivity towards H2O2 that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2α2 (JNK2α2). JNK2α2, a relatively rare member of the JNK family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphorylates c-Jun, a component of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) early response transcription factor, resulting in enhanced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression and activation of proliferative ERK1/2 signaling. This non-canonical mechanism of MAPK activation couples T3 actions on mitochondria to cell cycle activation. Although T3 is regarded as a maturation factor for cardiomyocytes, these studies identify a novel redox pathway that is permissive for T3-mediated cardiomyocyte proliferation—this because of the expression of a pro-proliferative JNK isoform that results in growth factor elaboration and ERK1/2 cell cycle activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikolay Bogush
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hussain Naib
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Perry
- Department of Animal Resources, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David I K Martin
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Learn from Your Elders: Developmental Biology Lessons to Guide Maturation of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1367-1387. [PMID: 31388700 PMCID: PMC6786957 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a multifaceted platform to study cardiac developmental biology, understand disease mechanisms, and develop novel therapies. Remarkable progress over the last two decades has led to methods to obtain highly pure hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) with reasonable ease and scalability. Nevertheless, a major bottleneck for the translational application of hPSC-CMs is their immature phenotype, resembling that of early fetal cardiomyocytes. Overall, bona fide maturation of hPSC-CMs represents one of the most significant goals facing the field today. Developmental biology studies have been pivotal in understanding the mechanisms to differentiate hPSC-CMs. Similarly, evaluation of developmental cues such as electrical and mechanical activities or neurohormonal and metabolic stimulations revealed the importance of these pathways in cardiomyocyte physiological maturation. Those signals cooperate and dictate the size and the performance of the developing heart. Likewise, this orchestra of stimuli is important in promoting hPSC-CM maturation, as demonstrated by current in vitro maturation approaches. Different shades of adult-like phenotype are achieved by prolonging the time in culture, electromechanical stimulation, patterned substrates, microRNA manipulation, neurohormonal or metabolic stimulation, and generation of human-engineered heart tissue (hEHT). However, mirroring this extremely dynamic environment is challenging, and reproducibility and scalability of these approaches represent the major obstacles for an efficient production of mature hPSC-CMs. For this reason, understanding the pattern behind the mechanisms elicited during the late gestational and early postnatal stages not only will provide new insights into postnatal development but also potentially offer new scalable and efficient approaches to mature hPSC-CMs.
Collapse
|
37
|
Velayutham N, Agnew EJ, Yutzey KE. Postnatal Cardiac Development and Regenerative Potential in Large Mammals. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1345-1358. [PMID: 31346664 PMCID: PMC6786953 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal capacity for cardiac regeneration in mice is well studied and has been used to develop many potential strategies for adult cardiac regenerative repair following injury. However, translating these findings from rodents to designing regenerative therapeutics for adult human heart disease remains elusive. Large mammals including pigs, dogs, and sheep are widely used as animal models of humans in preclinical trials of new cardiac drugs and devices. However, very little is known about the fundamental cardiac cell biology and the timing of postnatal cardiac events that influence cardiomyocyte proliferation in these animals. There is emerging evidence that external physiological and environmental cues could be the key to understanding cardiomyocyte proliferative behavior. In this review, we survey available literature on postnatal development in various large mammal models to offer a perspective on the physiological and cellular characteristics that could be regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Similarities and differences between developmental milestones, cardiomyocyte maturational events, as well as environmental cues regulating cardiac development, are discussed for various large mammals, with a focus on postnatal cardiac regenerative potential and translatability to the human heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Velayutham
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emma J Agnew
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mourouzis I, Lavecchia AM, Xinaris C. Thyroid Hormone Signalling: From the Dawn of Life to the Bedside. J Mol Evol 2019; 88:88-103. [PMID: 31451837 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling is a key modulator of fundamental biological processes that has been evolutionarily conserved in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. TH may have initially emerged as a nutrient signal to convey environmental information to organisms to induce morpho-anatomical changes that could maximise the exploitation of environmental resources, and eventually integrated into the machinery of gene regulation and energy production to become a key regulator of development and metabolism. As such, TH signalling is particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli, and its alterations result in fundamental changes in homeostasis and physiology. Stressful stimuli of various origins lead to changes in the TH-TH receptor (TR) axis in different adult mammalian organs that are associated with phenotypical changes in terminally differentiated cells, the reactivation of foetal development programmes, structural remodelling and pathological growth. Here, we discuss the evolution of TH signalling, review evolutionarily conserved functions of THs in essential biological processes, such as metamorphosis and perinatal development, and analyse the role of TH signalling in the phenotypical and morphological changes that occur after injury, repair and regeneration in adult mammalian organs. Finally, we examine the potential of TH treatment as a therapeutic strategy for improving organ structure and functions following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Ave., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelo Michele Lavecchia
- Laboratory of Organ Regeneration, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christodoulos Xinaris
- Laboratory of Organ Regeneration, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy. .,University of Nicosia Medical School, 93 Agiou Nikolaou Street, Engomi, 2408, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pinet K, McLaughlin KA. Mechanisms of physiological tissue remodeling in animals: Manipulating tissue, organ, and organism morphology. Dev Biol 2019; 451:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
40
|
Lal S, Kühn B. Regenerating Hearts by Arresting Development With Hypothyroidism. Circ Res 2019; 124:1725-1726. [PMID: 31170042 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lal
- From the School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia (S.L.).,Division of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia (S.L.)
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, and McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (B.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hausner EA, Elmore SA, Yang X. Overview of the Components of Cardiac Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:673-688. [PMID: 30967471 PMCID: PMC7333657 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in organs other than the liver and kidneys may play a significant role in how a specific organ responds to chemicals. The heart has metabolic capability for energy production and homeostasis. This homeostatic machinery can also process xenobiotics. Cardiac metabolism includes the expression of numerous organic anion transporters, organic cation transporters, organic carnitine (zwitterion) transporters, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Expression and distribution of the transporters within the heart may vary, depending on the patient’s age, disease, endocrine status, and various other factors. Several cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme classes have been identified within the heart. The P450 hydroxylases and epoxygenases within the heart produce hydroxyeicosatetraneoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, metabolites of arachidonic acid, which are critical in regulating homeostatic processes of the heart. The susceptibility of the cardiac P450 system to induction and inhibition from exogenous materials is an area of expanding knowledge, as are the metabolic processes of glucuronidation and sulfation in the heart. The susceptibility of various transcription factors and signaling pathways of the heart to disruption by xenobiotics is not fully characterized but is an area with implications for disruption of normal postnatal development, as well as modulation of adult cardiac health. There are knowledge gaps in the timelines of physiologic maturation and deterioration of cardiac metabolism. Cross-species characterization of cardiac-specific metabolism is needed for nonclinical work of optimum translational value to predict possible adverse effects, identify sensitive developmental windows for the design and conduct of informative nonclinical and clinical studies, and explore the possibilities of organ-specific therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hausner
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Susan A Elmore
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Xi Yang
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Malagola E, Chen R, Bombardo M, Saponara E, Dentice M, Salvatore D, Reding T, Myers S, Hills AP, Graf R, Sonda S. Local hyperthyroidism promotes pancreatic acinar cell proliferation during acute pancreatitis. J Pathol 2019; 248:217-229. [PMID: 30714146 DOI: 10.1002/path.5247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells is a critical process in the pathophysiology of pancreatic diseases, because limited or defective proliferation is associated with organ dysfunction and patient morbidity. In this context, elucidating the signalling pathways that trigger and sustain acinar proliferation is pivotal to develop therapeutic interventions promoting the regenerative process of the organ. In this study we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate both local and systemic levels of thyroid hormones to elucidate their role in acinar proliferation following caerulein-mediated acute pancreatitis in mice. In addition, molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of thyroid hormones were identified by genetic and pharmacological inactivation of selected signalling pathways.In this study we demonstrated that levels of the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) transiently increased in the pancreas during acute pancreatitis. Moreover, by using genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate both local and systemic levels of thyroid hormones, we showed that T3 was required to promote proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells, without affecting the extent of tissue damage or inflammatory infiltration.Finally, upon genetic and pharmacological inactivation of selected signalling pathways, we demonstrated that T3 exerted its mitogenic effect on acinar cells via a tightly controlled action on different molecular effectors, including histone deacetylase, AKT, and TGFβ signalling.In conclusion, our data suggest that local availability of T3 in the pancreas is required to promote acinar cell proliferation and provide the rationale to exploit thyroid hormone signalling to enhance pancreatic regeneration. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Malagola
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Chen
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bombardo
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Saponara
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Theresia Reding
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Myers
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kannan S, Kwon C. Regulation of cardiomyocyte maturation during critical perinatal window. J Physiol 2019; 598:2941-2956. [PMID: 30571853 DOI: 10.1113/jp276754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary limitation in the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) for both patient health and scientific investigation is the failure of these cells to achieve full functional maturity. In vivo, cardiomyocytes undergo numerous adaptive structural, functional and metabolic changes during maturation. By contrast, PSC-CMs fail to fully undergo these developmental processes, instead remaining arrested at an embryonic stage of maturation. There is thus a significant need to understand the biological processes underlying proper CM maturation in vivo. Here, we discuss what is known regarding the initiation and coordination of CM maturation. We postulate that there is a critical perinatal window, ranging from embryonic day 18.5 to postnatal day 14 in mice, in which the maturation process is exquisitely sensitive to perturbation. While the initiation mechanisms of this process are unknown, it is increasingly clear that maturation proceeds through interconnected regulatory circuits that feed into one another to coordinate concomitant structural, functional and metabolic CM maturation. We highlight PGC1α, SRF and the MEF2 family as transcription factors that may potentially mediate this cross-talk. We lastly discuss several emerging technologies that will facilitate future studies into the mechanisms of CM maturation. Further study will not only produce a better understanding of its key processes, but provide practical insights into developing a robust strategy to produce mature PSC-CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kannan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Martínez-Martínez S, Lozano-Vidal N, López-Maderuelo MD, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Armesilla ÁL, Redondo JM. Cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for the onset and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in adult mice. FEBS J 2018; 286:46-65. [PMID: 30548183 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of calcineurin induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy (CH). In these studies, loss-of-function was mostly achieved by systemic administration of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A. The lack of conditional knockout models for calcineurin function has impeded progress toward defining the role of this protein during the onset and the development of CH in adults. Here, we exploited a mouse model of CH based on the infusion of a hypertensive dose of angiotensin II (AngII) to model the role of calcineurin in CH in adulthood. AngII-induced CH in adult mice was reduced by treatment with cyclosporin A, without affecting the associated increase in blood pressure, and also by induction of calcineurin deletion in adult mouse cardiomyocytes, indicating that cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for AngII-induced CH. Surprisingly, cardiac-specific deletion of calcineurin, but not treatment of mice with cyclosporin A, significantly reduced AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. Analysis of profibrotic genes revealed that AngII-induced expression of Tgfβ family members and Lox was not inhibited by cyclosporin A but was markedly reduced by cardiac-specific calcineurin deletion. These results show that AngII induces a direct, calcineurin-dependent prohypertrophic effect in cardiomyocytes, as well as a systemic hypertensive effect that is independent of calcineurin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Noelia Lozano-Vidal
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Maderuelo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Armesilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Research Institute in Healthcare Science, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pavlovic BJ, Blake LE, Roux J, Chavarria C, Gilad Y. A Comparative Assessment of Human and Chimpanzee iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes with Primary Heart Tissues. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15312. [PMID: 30333510 PMCID: PMC6193013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic studies in primates have the potential to reveal the genetic and mechanistic basis for human specific traits. These studies may also help us better understand inter-species phenotypic differences that are clinically relevant. Unfortunately, the obvious limitation on sample collection and experimentation in humans and non-human apes severely restrict our ability to perform dynamic comparative studies in primates. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and their corresponding differentiated cells, may provide a suitable alternative system for dynamic comparative studies. Yet, to effectively use iPSCs and differentiated cells for comparative studies, one must characterize the extent to which these systems faithfully represent biological processes in primary tissues. To do so, we compared gene expression data from primary adult heart tissue and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from multiple human and chimpanzee individuals. We determined that gene expression in cultured cardiomyocytes from both human and chimpanzee is most similar to that of adult hearts compared to other adult tissues. Using a comparative framework, we found that 50% of gene regulatory differences between human and chimpanzee hearts are also observed between species in cultured cardiomyocytes; conversely, inter-species regulatory differences seen in cardiomyocytes are found significantly more often in hearts than in other primary tissues. Our work provides a detailed description of the utility and limitation of differentiated cardiomyocytes as a system for comparative functional genomic studies in primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Pavlovic
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Lauren E Blake
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julien Roux
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Chavarria
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tan SH, Ye L. Maturation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: a Critical Step for Drug Development and Cell Therapy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:375-392. [PMID: 29557052 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are emerging as an invaluable alternative to primarily sourced cardiomyocytes. The potentially unlimited number of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) that may be obtained in vitro facilitates high-throughput applications like cell transplantation for myocardial repair, cardiotoxicity testing during drug development, and patient-specific disease modeling. Despite promising progress in these areas, a major disadvantage that limits the use of hPSC-CMs is their immaturity. Improvements to the maturity of hPSC-CMs are necessary to capture physiologically relevant responses. Herein, we review and discuss the different maturation strategies undertaken by others to improve the morphology, contractility, electrophysiology, and metabolism of these derived cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hua Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Comparative regenerative mechanisms across different mammalian tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:6. [PMID: 29507774 PMCID: PMC5824955 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating regeneration of complex tissues and organs after injury to effect complete structural and functional repair, is an attractive therapeutic option that would revolutionize clinical medicine. Compared to many metazoan phyla that show extraordinary regenerative capacity, which in some instances persists throughout life, regeneration in mammalians, particularly humans, is limited or absent. Here we consider recent insights in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of regeneration that have come from studies of tissue homeostasis and injury repair in mammalian tissues that span the spectrum from little or no self-renewal, to those showing active cell turnover throughout life. These studies highlight the diversity of factors that constrain regeneration, including immune responses, extracellular matrix composition, age, injury type, physiological adaptation, and angiogenic and neurogenic capacity. Despite these constraints, much progress has been made in elucidating key molecular mechanisms that may provide therapeutic targets for the development of future regenerative therapies, as well as previously unidentified developmental paradigms and windows-of-opportunity for improved regenerative repair.
Collapse
|
48
|
Parikh SS, Blackwell DJ, Gomez-Hurtado N, Frisk M, Wang L, Kim K, Dahl CP, Fiane A, Tønnessen T, Kryshtal DO, Louch WE, Knollmann BC. Thyroid and Glucocorticoid Hormones Promote Functional T-Tubule Development in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2017; 121:1323-1330. [PMID: 28974554 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are increasingly being used for modeling heart disease and are under development for regeneration of the injured heart. However, incomplete structural and functional maturation of hiPSC-CM, including lack of T-tubules, immature excitation-contraction coupling, and inefficient Ca-induced Ca release remain major limitations. OBJECTIVE Thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones are critical for heart maturation. We hypothesized that their addition to standard protocols would promote T-tubule development and mature excitation-contraction coupling of hiPSC-CM when cultured on extracellular matrix with physiological stiffness (Matrigel mattress). METHODS AND RESULTS hiPSC-CM were generated using a standard chemical differentiation method supplemented with T3 (triiodothyronine) and/or Dex (dexamethasone) during days 16 to 30 followed by single-cell culture for 5 days on Matrigel mattress. hiPSC-CM treated with T3+Dex, but not with either T3 or Dex alone, developed an extensive T-tubule network. Notably, Matrigel mattress was necessary for T-tubule formation. Compared with adult human ventricular cardiomyocytes, T-tubules in T3+Dex-treated hiPSC-CM were less organized and had more longitudinal elements. Confocal line scans demonstrated spatially and temporally uniform Ca release that is characteristic of excitation-contraction coupling in the heart ventricle. T3+Dex enhanced elementary Ca release measured by Ca sparks and promoted RyR2 (ryanodine receptor) structural organization. Simultaneous measurements of L-type Ca current and intracellular Ca release confirmed enhanced functional coupling between L-type Ca channels and RyR2 in T3+Dex-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a permissive role of combined thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones during the cardiac differentiation process, which when coupled with further maturation on Matrigel mattress, is sufficient for T-tubule development, enhanced Ca-induced Ca release, and more ventricular-like excitation-contraction coupling. This new hormone maturation method could advance the use of hiPSC-CM for disease modeling and cell-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan S Parikh
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Daniel J Blackwell
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Nieves Gomez-Hurtado
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Michael Frisk
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Lili Wang
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Christen P Dahl
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Arnt Fiane
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Dmytro O Kryshtal
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - William E Louch
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.)
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- From the Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (S.S.P., D.J.B., N.G.-H., L.W., K.K., D.O.K., B.C.K.), Department of Pharmacology (S.S.P., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); University of Oslo, Norway (M.F., T.T., W.E.L.); Department of Cardiology (C.P.D.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.F.), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; and Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway (T.T.).
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Barjaktarovic M, Korevaar TIM, Gaillard R, de Rijke YB, Visser TJ, Jaddoe VWV, Peeters RP. Childhood thyroid function, body composition and cardiovascular function. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:319-327. [PMID: 28724570 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cardiovascular system is a known target for thyroid hormone. Early-life cardiovascular alterations may lead to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Little is known about the effects of thyroid hormone on cardiovascular function during childhood, including the role of body composition in this association. DESIGN Population-based prospective cohort of children (n = 4251, median age 6 years, 95% range: 5.7-8.0 years). METHODS Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations were measured to assess thyroid function. Left ventricular (LV) mass was assessed with echocardiography. Arterial stiffness was assessed with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was measured. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. RESULTS FT4 was inversely associated with LV mass (P = 0.002), and with lean body mass (P < 0.0001). The association of FT4 with LV mass was partially mediated through variability in lean body mass (55% mediated effect). TSH was inversely associated with LV mass (P = 0.010), predominantly in boys. TSH was positively associated with systolic and diastolic BP (both P < 0.001). FT4 was positively associated with CFPWV and diastolic BP (P < 0.0001, P = 0.008, respectively), and the latter association attenuated after adjustment for CFPWV. CONCLUSIONS At the age of 6 years, higher FT4 is associated with lower LV mass (partially through effects on lean body mass) and with higher arterial stiffness, which may lead to higher BP. Our data also suggest different mechanisms via which TSH and FT4 are associated with cardiovascular function during early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- The Generation R Study Group
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo J Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Janssen R, Muller A, Simonides WS. Cardiac Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Heart Failure. Eur Thyroid J 2017; 6:130-137. [PMID: 28785539 PMCID: PMC5527173 DOI: 10.1159/000469708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a principal target of thyroid hormone, and a reduction of cardiac thyroid hormone signaling is thought to play a role in pathological ventricular remodeling and the development of heart failure. Studies in various rodent models of heart disease have identified increased activity of cardiac type III deiodinase as a possible cause of diminished levels and action of thyroid hormone. Recent data indicate novel mechanisms underlying the induction of this thyroid hormone-degrading enzyme in the heart as well as post-transcriptional regulation of its expression by microRNAs. In addition, the relevance of diminished thyroid hormone signaling for cardiac remodeling is suggested to include miRNA-mediated effects on pathological signaling pathways. These and other recent studies are reviewed and discussed in the context of other processes and factors that have been implicated in the reduction of cardiac thyroid hormone signaling in heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Warner S. Simonides
- *Warner S. Simonides, PhD, Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, NL–1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands), E-Mail
| |
Collapse
|