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Junatas KL, Couck L, Tay H, Sinowatz F, Van Den Broeck W. Ultrastructural evidence of telocytes in the embryonic chick heart. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12970. [PMID: 37740674 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac telocyte (TC) is a novel interstitial cell type with a unique ultrastructure and great potential in therapy. The present study examined its presence in the heart of chicken embryos ageing 7-15 days old (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 31-41) using transmission electron microscopy. TCs were identified across all stages in the atrial and ventricular myocardium, close to maturing cardiomyocytes, blood vessels and lymphatics. Early-stage TCs have immature features resembling mesenchymal cells. Late-stage TCs were distinct, possessing the cytoplasmic prolongations termed telopodes (Tps), which are very long and thin, usually 1-3 in number, and display a moniliform appearance and have an average thickness below 0.2 μm. TCs residing in the epicardium and endocardium were also detected. In the subepicardium near developing coronary vessels, they were localized in the cardiac stem cell niches, coexisting with cardiac stem cells and cardiomyocyte progenitors. Electron-dense structures and the release of extracellular vesicles were observed between embryonic TCs and surrounding structures, suggesting roles in intercellular communication, cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation, angiogenesis, and stem cell nursing and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Lamanero Junatas
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Liesbeth Couck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hanna Tay
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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2
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Clavellina D, Balkan W, Hare JM. Stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:951-967. [PMID: 37542462 PMCID: PMC10837765 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2245329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death in the United States. The limited capacity of cardiomyocytes to regenerate and the restricted contractility of scar tissue after AMI are not addressed by current pharmacologic interventions. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach due to their low antigenicity, ease of harvesting, and efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies, despite their low survival and engraftment rates. Other stem cell types, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) also show promise, and optimizing cardiac repair requires integrating emerging technologies and strategies. AREAS COVERED This review offers insights into advancing cell-based therapies for AMI, emphasizing meticulously planned trials with a standardized definition of AMI, for a bench-to-bedside approach. We critically evaluate fundamental studies and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive overview of the advances, limitations and prospects for cell-based therapy in AMI. EXPERT OPINION MSCs continue to show potential promise for treating AMI and its sequelae, but addressing their low survival and engraftment rates is crucial for clinical success. Integrating emerging technologies such as pluripotent stem cells and conducting well-designed trials will harness the full potential of cell-based therapy in AMI management. Collaborative efforts are vital to developing effective stem cell therapies for AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Clavellina
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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3
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Oh GC, Choi YJ, Park BW, Ban K, Park HJ. Are There Hopeful Therapeutic Strategies to Regenerate the Infarcted Hearts? Korean Circ J 2023; 53:367-386. [PMID: 37271744 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advancements in pharmacological and revascularization techniques in the late 20th century, heart failure prevalence after myocardial infarction has gradually increased over the last 2 decades. After ischemic injury, pathological remodeling results in cardiomyocytes (CMs) loss and fibrosis, which leads to impaired heart function. Unfortunately, there are no clinical therapies to regenerate CMs to date, and the adult heart's limited turnover rate of CMs hinders its ability to self-regenerate. In this review, we present novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate injured myocardium, including (1) reconstruction of cardiac niche microenvironment, (2) recruitment of functional CMs by promoting their proliferation or differentiation, and (3) organizing 3-dimensional tissue construct beyond the CMs. Additionally, we highlight recent mechanistic insights that govern these strategies and identify current challenges in translating these approaches to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Chul Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jik Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Selvaraj C. Therapeutic targets in cancer treatment: Cell cycle proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:313-342. [PMID: 37061336 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been linked to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and the overexpression of cell-cycle genes. The cell cycle machinery plays a crucial role in the regulation of the apoptosis to mitosis to growth phase progression. The mechanisms of the cell cycle also play an important role in preventing DNA damage. There are multiple members of the protein kinase family that are involved in the activities of the cell cycle. Essential cyclins effectively regulate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are themselves adversely regulated by naturally occurring CDK inhibitors. Despite the fact that various compounds can effectively block the cell cycle kinases and being investigated for their potential to fight cancer. This chapter explains the detail of cell cycle and checkpoint regulators, that are crucial to the malignant cellular process. The known CDKs inhibitors and their mechanism of action in various cancers have also been addressed as a step toward the development of a possibly novel technique for the design of new drugs against cell cycle kinase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Sharma A, Gupta S, Archana S, Verma RS. Emerging Trends in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Current Status and Advances. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1546-1602. [PMID: 35122226 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible myocardium infarction is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related death and its quantum is expected to grow in coming years. Pharmacological intervention has been at the forefront to ameliorate injury-related morbidity and mortality. However, its outcomes are highly skewed. As an alternative, stem cell-based tissue engineering/regenerative medicine has been explored quite extensively to regenerate the damaged myocardium. The therapeutic modality that has been most widely studied both preclinically and clinically is based on adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) delivered to the injured heart. However, there is debate over the mechanistic therapeutic role of MSC in generating functional beating cardiomyocytes. This review intends to emphasize the role and use of MSC in cardiac regenerative therapy (CRT). We have elucidated in detail, the various aspects related to the history and progress of MSC use in cardiac tissue engineering and its multiple strategies to drive cardiomyogenesis. We have further discussed with a focus on the various therapeutic mechanism uncovered in recent times that has a significant role in ameliorating heart-related problems. We reviewed recent and advanced technologies using MSC to develop/create tissue construct for use in cardiac regenerative therapy. Finally, we have provided the latest update on the usage of MSC in clinical trials and discussed the outcome of such studies in realizing the full potential of MSC use in clinical management of cardiac injury as a cellular therapy module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Archana
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:1-40. [PMID: 35126826 PMCID: PMC8788183 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’ morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
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7
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022. [PMID: 35126826 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases' morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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8
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Role of the Microenvironment in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Strategies for Treating Human Liver Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5513309. [PMID: 34824587 PMCID: PMC8610645 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5513309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a severe health problem that endangers human health worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a novel treatment for patients with different liver diseases due to its vast expansion potential and distinctive immunomodulatory properties. Despite several preclinical trials having confirmed the considerable efficacy of MSC therapy in liver diseases, the questionable safety and efficacy still limit its application. As a precursor cell, MSCs can adjust their characteristics in response to the surrounding microenvironment. The microenvironment provides physical and chemical factors essential for stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the mechanisms are still not completely understood. We, therefore, summarized the mechanisms underlying the MSC immune response, especially the interaction between MSCs and the liver microenvironment, discussing how to achieve better therapeutic effects.
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9
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Vaka R, Davis DR. State-of-play for cellular therapies in cardiac repair and regeneration. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1579-1588. [PMID: 34448513 PMCID: PMC9290630 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death around the world. For almost two decades, cell therapy has been proposed as a solution for heart disease. In this article, we report on the “state‐of‐play” of cellular therapies for cardiac repair and regeneration. We outline the progression of new ideas from the preclinical literature to ongoing clinical trials. Recent data supporting the mechanics and mechanisms of myogenic and paracrine therapies are evaluated in the context of long‐term cardiac engraftment. This discussion informs on promising new approaches to indicate future avenues for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramana Vaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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10
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Correia CR, Bjørge IM, Nadine S, Mano JF. Minimalist Tissue Engineering Approaches Using Low Material-Based Bioengineered Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002110. [PMID: 33709572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From an "over-engineering" era in which biomaterials played a central role, now it is observed to the emergence of "developmental" tissue engineering (TE) strategies which rely on an integrative cell-material perspective that paves the way for cell self-organization. The current challenge is to engineer the microenvironment without hampering the spontaneous collective arrangement ability of cells, while simultaneously providing biochemical, geometrical, and biophysical cues that positively influence tissue healing. These efforts have resulted in the development of low-material based TE strategies focused on minimizing the amount of biomaterial provided to the living key players of the regenerative process. Through a "minimalist-engineering" approach, the main idea is to fine-tune the spatial balance occupied by the inanimate region of the regenerative niche toward maximum actuation of the key living components during the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara R. Correia
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Bjørge
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Sara Nadine
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
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11
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Ramos-Rodriguez DH, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F, Asencio IO. The Use of Microfabrication Techniques for the Design and Manufacture of Artificial Stem Cell Microenvironments for Tissue Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:50. [PMID: 33922428 PMCID: PMC8146165 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recapitulation of the stem cell microenvironment is an emerging area of research that has grown significantly in the last 10 to 15 years. Being able to understand the underlying mechanisms that relate stem cell behavior to the physical environment in which stem cells reside is currently a challenge that many groups are trying to unravel. Several approaches have attempted to mimic the biological components that constitute the native stem cell niche, however, this is a very intricate environment and, although promising advances have been made recently, it becomes clear that new strategies need to be explored to ensure a better understanding of the stem cell niche behavior. The second strand in stem cell niche research focuses on the use of manufacturing techniques to build simple but functional models; these models aim to mimic the physical features of the niche environment which have also been demonstrated to play a big role in directing cell responses. This second strand has involved a more engineering approach in which a wide set of microfabrication techniques have been explored in detail. This review aims to summarize the use of these microfabrication techniques and how they have approached the challenge of mimicking the native stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Ramos-Rodriguez
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
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12
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Souidi M, Sleiman Y, Acimovic I, Pribyl J, Charrabi A, Baecker V, Scheuermann V, Pesl M, Jelinkova S, Skladal P, Dvorak P, Lacampagne A, Rotrekl V, Meli AC. Oxygen Is an Ambivalent Factor for the Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cardiac 2D Monolayer and 3D Cardiac Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020662. [PMID: 33440843 PMCID: PMC7827232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous protocols of cardiac differentiation have been established by essentially focusing on specific growth factors on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation efficiency. However, the optimal environmental factors to obtain cardiac myocytes in network are still unclear. The mesoderm germ layer differentiation is known to be enhanced by low oxygen exposure. Here, we hypothesized that low oxygen exposure enhances the molecular and functional maturity of the cardiomyocytes. We aimed at comparing the molecular and functional consequences of low (5% O2 or LOE) and high oxygen exposure (21% O2 or HOE) on cardiac differentiation of hPSCs in 2D- and 3D-based protocols. hPSC-CMs were differentiated through both the 2D (monolayer) and 3D (embryoid body) protocols using several lines. Cardiac marker expression and cell morphology were assessed. The mitochondrial localization and metabolic properties were evaluated. The intracellular Ca2+ handling and contractile properties were also monitored. The 2D cardiac monolayer can only be differentiated in HOE. The 3D cardiac spheroids containing hPSC-CMs in LOE further exhibited cardiac markers, hypertrophy, steadier SR Ca2+ release properties revealing a better SR Ca2+ handling, and enhanced contractile force. Preserved distribution of mitochondria and similar oxygen consumption by the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were also observed. Our results brought evidences that LOE is moderately beneficial for the 3D cardiac spheroids with hPSC-CMs exhibiting further maturity. In contrast, the 2D cardiac monolayers strictly require HOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Souidi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Yvonne Sleiman
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Ivana Acimovic
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
| | - Jan Pribyl
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Azzouz Charrabi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Volker Baecker
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Valerie Scheuermann
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Martin Pesl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine/Cardioangiology, St. Anne’s Hospital, Masaryk University, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +420-723-860-905 (M.P.); +33-4-67-41-52-44 (A.C.M.); Fax: +33-4-67-41-52-42 (A.C.M.)
| | - Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
| | - Petr Skladal
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Albano C. Meli
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +420-723-860-905 (M.P.); +33-4-67-41-52-44 (A.C.M.); Fax: +33-4-67-41-52-42 (A.C.M.)
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Chen C, Lou Y, Li XY, Lv ZT, Zhang LQ, Mao W. Mapping current research and identifying hotspots on mesenchymal stem cells in cardiovascular disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:498. [PMID: 33239082 PMCID: PMC7687818 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important research value and broad application prospects in the cardiovascular disease. This study provides information on the latest progress, evolutionary path, frontier research hotspots, and future research developmental trends in this field. METHODS A knowledge map was generated by CiteSpace and VOSviewer analysis software based on data obtained from the literature on MSCs in the cardiovascular field. RESULTS The USA and China ranked at the top in terms of the percentage of articles, accounting for 34.306% and 28.550%, respectively. The institution with the highest number of research publications in this field was the University of Miami, followed by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Harvard University. The research institution with the highest ACI value was Harvard University, followed by the Mayo Clinic and the University of Cincinnati. The top three subjects in terms of the number of published articles were cell biology, cardiovascular system cardiology, and research experimental medicine. The journal with the most publications in this field was Circulation Research, followed by Scientific Reports and Biomaterials. The direction of research on MSCs in the cardiovascular system was divided into four parts: (1) tissue engineering, scaffolds, and extracellular matrix research; (2) cell transplantation, differentiation, proliferation, and signal transduction pathway research; (3) assessment of the efficacy of stem cells from different sources and administration methods in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, myocardial hypertrophy, and heart failure; and (4) exosomes and extracellular vesicles research. Tissue research is the hotspot and frontier in this field. CONCLUSION MSC research has presented a gradual upward trend in the cardiovascular field. Multidisciplinary intersection is a characteristic of this field. Engineering and materials disciplines are particularly valued and have received attention from researchers. The progress in multidisciplinary research will provide motivation and technical support for the development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Chen
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan district Hospital of TCM, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yang Lou
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Tian Lv
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Qiu Zhang
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Cell-based therapies for the treatment of myocardial infarction: lessons from cardiac regeneration and repair mechanisms in non-human vertebrates. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 24:133-142. [PMID: 30421074 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the cardiovascular condition with the highest impact on the Western population. In mammals (humans included), prolonged ischemia in the ventricular walls causes the death of cardiomyocytes (myocardial infarction, MI). The loss of myocardial mass is soon compensated by the formation of a reparative, non-contractile fibrotic scar that ultimately affects heart performance. Despite the enormous clinical relevance of MI, no effective therapy is available for the long-term treatment of this condition. Moreover, since the human heart is not able to undergo spontaneous regeneration, many researchers aim at designing cell-based therapies that allow for the substitution of dead cardiomyocytes by new, functional ones. So far, the majority of such strategies rely on the injection of different progenitor/stem cells to the infarcted heart. These cardiovascular progenitors, which are expected to differentiate into cardiomyocytes de novo, seldom give rise to new cardiac muscle. In this context, the most important challenge in the field is to fully disclose the molecular and cellular mechanisms that could promote active myocardial regeneration after cardiac damage. Accordingly, we suggest that such strategy should be inspired by the unique regenerative and reparative responses displayed by non-human animal models, from the restricted postnatal myocardial regeneration abilities of the murine heart to the full ventricular regeneration of some bony fishes (e.g., zebrafish). In this review article, we will discuss about current scientific approaches to study cardiac reparative and regenerative phenomena using animal models.
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15
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Imai A, Yamashita A, Ota MS. High-fat diet increases labial groove formation in maxillary incisors and is related to aging in C57BL/6 mice. J Oral Biosci 2019; 62:58-63. [PMID: 31862385 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the consumption of a high-fat diet and aging-dependent formation of maxillary incisor grooves in C57BL/6 mice, and to identify putative maxillary incisor groove-related genes. METHODS We fed 2-month-old and 16-month-old C57BL/6 mice on either a chow diet or a high-fat diet for three months and observed changes in maxillary incisor grooves. We examined tissue sections of the maxillary incisors with grooves and carried out transcriptome analysis of the apical tissue fragments of maxillary incisors with/without grooves. RESULTS Consumption of a high-fat diet for three months resulted in significant increases in both body weight and the number of incisor grooves. Both the number and frequency of incisor grooves increased in an age-dependent manner from 26 to 28 months, during which time an additional groove appeared. There was abnormal differentiation and apoptosis of ameloblasts on the labial surface at the grooves of the maxillary incisors. Transcriptome analysis identified 23 genes as being specific to 24-month-old mice; these included several genes related to apoptosis and cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The study findings indicate that, in C57BL/6 mice, consumption of a high-fat diet increases labial groove formation in maxillary incisors, which is related to aging of the tissue stem cells in the apical root end of the teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Imai
- The Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yamashita
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato S Ota
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Therapeutic Cell Protective Role of Histochrome under Oxidative Stress in Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060368. [PMID: 31234277 PMCID: PMC6628112 DOI: 10.3390/md17060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are resident stem cells present in a small portion of ischemic hearts and function in repairing the damaged heart tissue. Intense oxidative stress impairs cell metabolism thereby decreasing cell viability. Protecting CPCs from undergoing cellular apoptosis during oxidative stress is crucial in optimizing CPC-based therapy. Histochrome (sodium salt of echinochrome A—a common sea urchin pigment) is an antioxidant drug that has been clinically used as a pharmacologic agent for ischemia/reperfusion injury in Russia. However, the mechanistic effect of histochrome on CPCs has never been reported. We investigated the protective effect of histochrome pretreatment on human CPCs (hCPCs) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. Annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) assay revealed that histochrome-treated CPCs showed significant protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death. The anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-xL were significantly upregulated, whereas the pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2-associated X (Bax), H2O2-induced cleaved caspase-3, and the DNA damage marker, phosphorylated histone (γH2A.X) foci, were significantly downregulated upon histochrome treatment of hCPCs in vitro. Further, prolonged incubation with histochrome alleviated the replicative cellular senescence of hCPCs. In conclusion, we report the protective effect of histochrome against oxidative stress and present the use of a potent and bio-safe cell priming agent as a potential therapeutic strategy in patient-derived hCPCs to treat heart disease.
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17
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Parizadeh SM, Jafarzadeh‐Esfehani R, Ghandehari M, Parizadeh MR, Ferns GA, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Stem cell therapy: A novel approach for myocardial infarction. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16904-16912. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh‐Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandehari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School Division of Medical Education Brighton UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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18
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Korski KI, Kubli DA, Wang BJ, Khalafalla FG, Monsanto MM, Firouzi F, Echeagaray OH, Kim T, Adamson RM, Dembitsky WP, Gustafsson ÅB, Sussman MA. Hypoxia Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Senescence in Human c-Kit + Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:555-567. [PMID: 30629785 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Senescence-associated dysfunction deleteriously affects biological activities of human c-Kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs), particularly under conditions of in vitro culture. In comparison, preservation of self-renewal and decreases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are characteristics of murine CPCs in vivo that reside within hypoxic niches. Recapitulating hypoxic niche oxygen tension conditions of ∼1% O2 in vitro for expansion of hCPCs rather than typical normoxic cell culture conditions (21% O2 ) could provide significant improvement of functional and biological activities of hCPCs. hCPCs were isolated and expanded under permanent hypoxic (hCPC-1%) or normoxic (hCPC-21%) conditions from left ventricular tissue explants collected during left ventricular assist device implantation. hCPC-1% exhibit increased self-renewal and suppression of senescence characteristics relative to hCPC-21%. Oxidative stress contributed to higher susceptibility to apoptosis, as well as decreased mitochondrial function in hCPC-21%. Hypoxia prevented accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, supporting higher oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial ROS was an upstream mediator of senescence since treatment of hCPC-1% with mitochondrial inhibitor antimycin A recapitulated mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence observed in hCPC-21%. NAD+ /NADH ratio and autophagic flux, which are key factors for mitochondrial function, were higher in hCPC-1%, but hCPC-21% were highly dependent on BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial function. Overall, results demonstrate that supraphysiological oxygen tension during in vitro expansion initiates a downward spiral of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular energy imbalance culminating in early proliferation arrest of hCPCs. Senescence is inhibited by preventing ROS through hypoxic culture of hCPCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:555-567.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli I Korski
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dieter A Kubli
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Farid G Khalafalla
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Oscar H Echeagaray
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Taeyong Kim
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert M Adamson
- Division of Cardiology, Sharp Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Malka G, Vergely C. Regenerative Capacity of Endogenous Factor: Growth Differentiation Factor 11; a New Approach of the Management of Age-Related Cardiovascular Events. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123998. [PMID: 30545044 PMCID: PMC6321079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complicated pathophysiological process accompanied by a wide array of biological adaptations. The physiological deterioration correlates with the reduced regenerative capacity of tissues. The rejuvenation of tissue regeneration in aging organisms has also been observed after heterochronic parabiosis. With this model, it has been shown that exposure to young blood can rejuvenate the regenerative capacity of peripheral tissues and brain in aged animals. An endogenous compound called growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a circulating negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that raising GDF11 levels could potentially treat or prevent cardiac diseases. The protein GDF11 is found in humans as well as animals. The existence of endogenous regulators of regenerative capacity, such as GDF11, in peripheral tissues and brain has now been demonstrated. It will be important to investigate the mechanisms with therapeutic promise that induce the regenerative effects of GDF11 for a variety of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Alexandre Meloux
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Eve Rigal
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Yves Cottin
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
- Service de Cardiologie-CHU-Dijon, 21 000 Dijon, France.
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Institut de formation en biotechnologie et ingénierie biomédicale (IFR2B), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, 43 150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
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20
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Liu Y, Xu J, Zhu F, Ye H, Hu C, Huang J, Zheng Y. Research advances in the regulation of the putative ovarian germline stem cell niche on female germline stem cells. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 65:121-128. [PMID: 30204491 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1515272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are ideal seeding cells, which have the potential for self-renewal and multiple differentiation, and they play a fundamental role in maintaining homeostasis and regenerating and repairing tissue. The discovery of female germline stem cells (FGSCs) brings much hope for the postnatal renewal of oocytes and solving some female infertility problems. Ovarian function declines with increasing female age. Moreover, ovarian germline stem cell niche-aging could be the main cause of ovarian senescence, which ultimately leads to decreased follicle generation, declining female fertility, and age-related diseases, such as osteoporosis and ovarian cancer. The ovarian germline stem cell niche is the surrounding microenvironment in which FGSCs live, and it helps control the biological characteristics of FGSCs in many ways, such as nutritional supply and immunological cytokine secretion. This paper reviews the knowledge about the ovarian germline stem cell niche and its probable regulatory mechanisms on FGSCs, which provides valuable scientific information and scope for the prevention and treatment of ovarian senescence. Abbreviations: BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; Dpp: decapentaplegic; FGSC: female germline stem cell; IL, interleukin; OGSC: ovarian germline stem cells; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Liu
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,b Queen Mary College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Jiao Xu
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,c First Clinical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Feiyin Zhu
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,b Queen Mary College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Haifeng Ye
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,d The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Chuan Hu
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,d The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,d The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Yuehui Zheng
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,d The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
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21
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Wang K, Ding R, Ha Y, Jia Y, Liao X, Wang S, Li R, Shen Z, Xiong H, Guo J, Jie W. Hypoxia-stressed cardiomyocytes promote early cardiac differentiation of cardiac stem cells through HIF-1 α/Jagged1/Notch1 signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:795-804. [PMID: 30245966 PMCID: PMC6148082 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is beneficial for the differentiation of stem cells transplanted for myocardial injury, but mechanisms underlying this benefit remain unsolved. Here, we report the impact of hypoxia-induced Jagged1 expression in cardiomyocytes (CMs) for driving the differentiation of cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Forced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression and physical hypoxia (5% O2) treatment could induce Jagged1 expression in neonatal rat CMs. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α by YC-1 attenuated hypoxia-promoted Jagged1 expression in CMs. An ERK inhibitor (PD98059), but not inhibitors of JNK (SP600125), Notch (DAPT), NF-κB (PTDC), JAK (AG490), or STAT3 (Stattic) suppressed hypoxia-induced Jagged1 protein expression in CMs. c-Kit+ CSCs isolated from neonatal rat hearts using a magnetic-activated cell sorting method expressed GATA4, SM22α or vWF, but not Nkx2.5 and cTnI. Moreover, 87.3% of freshly isolated CSCs displayed Notch1 receptor expression. Direct co-culture of CMs with BrdU-labeled CSCs enhanced CSCs differentiation, as evidenced by an increased number of BrdU+/Nkx2.5+ cells, while intermittent hypoxia for 21 days promoted co-culture-triggered differentiation of CSCs into CM-like cells. Notably, YC-1 and DAPT attenuated hypoxia-induced differentiation. Our results suggest that hypoxia induces Jagged1 expression in CMs primarily through ERK signaling, and facilitates early cardiac lineage differentiation of CSCs in CM/CSC co-cultures via HIF-1α/Jagged1/Notch signaling.
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Key Words
- BMSCs, bone marrow stem cells
- BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
- CMs, cardiomyocytes
- CSCs, cardiac stem cells
- Cardiac stem cell
- Cardiomyocyte, Co-culture
- Cell differentiation
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
- HRE, hypoxia responsive element
- Hypoxia
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MACS, magnetic-activated cell sorting
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- N-ICD, notch intracellular domain
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- Notch1 signaling
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PE, phycoerythrin
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- YC-1, 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl-indazole
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- vWF, von Willebrand factor
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Heterocellular molecular contacts in the mammalian stem cell niche. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:442-461. [PMID: 30025618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis and repair relies on prompt and appropriate intervention by tissue-specific adult stem cells (SCs). SCs have the ability to self-renew; upon appropriate stimulation, they proliferate and give rise to specialized cells. An array of environmental signals is important for maintenance of the SC pool and SC survival, behavior, and fate. Within this special microenvironment, commonly known as the stem cell niche (SCN), SC behavior and fate are regulated by soluble molecules and direct molecular contacts via adhesion molecules providing connections to local supporting cells and the extracellular matrix. Besides the extensively discussed array of soluble molecules, the expression of adhesion molecules and molecular contacts is another fundamental mechanism regulating niche occupancy and SC mobilization upon activation. Some adhesion molecules are differentially expressed and have tissue-specific consequences, likely reflecting the structural differences in niche composition and design, especially the presence or absence of a stromal counterpart. However, the distribution and identity of intercellular molecular contacts for adhesion and adhesion-mediated signaling within stromal and non-stromal SCN have not been thoroughly studied. This review highlights common details or significant differences in cell-to-cell contacts within representative stromal and non-stromal niches that could unveil new standpoints for stem cell biology and therapy.
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Cianflone E, Aquila I, Scalise M, Marotta P, Torella M, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Molecular basis of functional myogenic specification of Bona Fide multipotent adult cardiac stem cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:927-946. [PMID: 29862928 PMCID: PMC6103696 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1464852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains the developed world's number one killer. The improved survival from Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and the progressive aging of western population brought to an increased incidence of chronic Heart Failure (HF), which assumed epidemic proportions nowadays. Except for heart transplantation, all treatments for HF should be considered palliative because none of the current therapies can reverse myocardial degeneration responsible for HF syndrome. To stop the HF epidemic will ultimately require protocols to reduce the progressive cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and to foster their regeneration. It is now generally accepted that mammalian CMs renew throughout life. However, this endogenous regenerative reservoir is insufficient to repair the extensive damage produced by AMI/IHD while the source and degree of CM turnover remains strongly disputed. Independent groups have convincingly shown that the adult myocardium harbors bona-fide tissue specific cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Unfortunately, recent reports have challenged the identity and the endogenous myogenic capacity of the c-kit expressing CSCs. This has hampered progress and unless this conflict is settled, clinical tests of repair/regenerative protocols are unlikely to provide convincing answers about their clinical potential. Here we review recent data that have eventually clarified the specific phenotypic identity of true multipotent CSCs. These cells when coaxed by embryonic cardiac morphogens undergo a precisely orchestrated myogenic commitment process robustly generating bona-fide functional cardiomyocytes. These data should set the path for the revival of further investigation untangling the regenerative biology of adult CSCs to harness their potential for HF prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania Campus “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa- Loc. Germaneto “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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24
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Cardiac Stem Cells in the Postnatal Heart: Lessons from Development. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1247857. [PMID: 30034478 PMCID: PMC6035836 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1247857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart development in mammals is followed by a postnatal decline in cell proliferation and cell renewal from stem cell populations. A better understanding of the developmental changes in cardiac microenvironments occurring during heart maturation will be informative regarding the loss of adult regenerative potential. We reevaluate the adult heart's mitotic potential and the reported adult cardiac stem cell populations, as these are two topics of ongoing debate. The heart's early capacity for cell proliferation driven by progenitors and reciprocal signalling is demonstrated throughout development. The mature heart architecture and environment may be more restrictive on niches that can host progenitor cells. The engraftment issues observed in cardiac stem cell therapy trials using exogenous stem cells may indicate a lack of supporting stem cell niches, while tissue injury adds to a hostile microenvironment for transplanted cells. Engraftment may be improved by preconditioning the cultured stem cells and modulating the microenvironment to host these cells. These prospective areas of further research would benefit from a better understanding of cardiac progenitor interactions with their microenvironment throughout development and may lead to enhanced cardiac niche support for stem cell therapy engraftment.
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25
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Broughton KM, Wang BJ, Firouzi F, Khalafalla F, Dimmeler S, Fernandez-Aviles F, Sussman MA. Mechanisms of Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Circ Res 2018; 122:1151-1163. [PMID: 29650632 PMCID: PMC6191043 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular regenerative therapies are pursued on both basic and translational levels. Although efficacy and value of cell therapy for myocardial regeneration can be debated, there is a consensus that profound deficits in mechanistic understanding limit advances, optimization, and implementation. In collaboration with the TACTICS (Transnational Alliance for Regenerative Therapies in Cardiovascular Syndromes), this review overviews several pivotal aspects of biological processes impinging on cardiac maintenance, repair, and regeneration. The goal of summarizing current mechanistic understanding is to prompt innovative directions for fundamental studies delineating cellular reparative and regenerative processes. Empowering myocardial regenerative interventions, whether dependent on endogenous processes or exogenously delivered repair agents, ultimately depends on mastering mechanisms and novel strategies that take advantage of rather than being limited by inherent myocardial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Farid Khalafalla
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Aviles
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.).
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26
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Rizzo P, Bollini S, Bertero E, Ferrari R, Ameri P. Beyond cardiomyocyte loss: Role of Notch in cardiac aging. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5670-5683. [PMID: 29271542 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the cellular events occurring in the aging heart has dramatically expanded in the last decade and is expected to further grow in years to come. It is now clear that impaired function and loss of cardiomyocytes are major features of cardiac aging, but other events are likewise important. In particular, accumulating experimental evidence highlights the importance of fibroblast and cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) dysfunction. The Notch pathway regulates cardiomyocyte, fibroblast, and CPC activity and, thus, may be critically involved in heart disease associated with advanced age, especially heart failure. In a translational perspective, thorough investigation of the Notch system in the aging myocardium may lead to the identification of molecular targets for novel therapies for age-related cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, University of Genova and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS per Oncologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, University of Genova and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS per Oncologia, Genova, Italy
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27
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Saheera S, Nair RR. Accelerated decline in cardiac stem cell efficiency in Spontaneously hypertensive rat compared to normotensive Wistar rat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189129. [PMID: 29232369 PMCID: PMC5726722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiac failure. Efficient management of hypertensive heart disease requires identification of factors that can possibly mediate the transition from hypertrophy to failure. Resident cardiac stem cells have a prominent role in the maintenance of cardiac tissue homeostasis. Decline in the proportion of healthy cardiac stem cells (CSCs) can affect tissue regeneration. In pathological conditions, apart from natural aging, an adverse microenvironment can lead to decrease in efficiency of CSCs. A systematic analysis of cardiac stem cell characteristics in pathological conditions has not been reported so far. Therefore, this study was designed with the objective of examining the age associated variation in stem cell attributes of Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) in comparison with normotensive Wistar rat. Spontaneously hypertensive rat was used as the experimental model since the cardiac remodeling resembles the clinical course of hypertensive heart disease. CSCs were isolated from atrial explants. Stem cell attributes were assessed in 1-week, 6, 12 and 18-month-old male SHR, in comparison with age matched Wistar rats. In 1-week-old pups, stem cell attributes of SHR and Wistar were comparable. Migration potential, proliferative capacity, TERT expression, telomerase activity and the proportion of c-kit+ cells decreased with age, both in SHR and Wistar. DNA damage and the proportion of senescent CSCs increased with age both in SHR and Wistar rats. Age associated increase was observed in the oxidative stress of stem cells, possibly mediated by the enhanced oxidative stress in the microenvironment. The changes were more pronounced in SHR, and as early as six months of age, there was significant decrease in efficiency of CSCs of SHR compared to Wistar. The density of healthy CSCs determined as a fraction of the differentiated cells was remarkably low in 18-month-old SHR. Age associated decrease in functionally efficient CSCs was therefore accelerated in SHR. Considering the vital role of CSCs in the maintenance of a healthy myocardium, decrease in functionally efficient CSCs can be a precipitating factor in pathological cardiac remodeling. Elevated ROS levels in CSCs of SHR lends scope for speculation that decrease in efficiency of CSCs is mediated by oxidative stress; and that modulation of the microenvironment by therapeutic interventions can restore a healthy stem cell population and facilitate maintenance of cardiac homeostasis and prevent cardiac decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Saheera
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Renuka R. Nair
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail:
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28
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The Rapidly Evolving Concept of Whole Heart Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8920940. [PMID: 29250121 PMCID: PMC5700515 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8920940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole heart engineering represents an incredible journey with as final destination the challenging aim to solve end-stage cardiac failure with a biocompatible and living organ equivalent. Its evolution started in 2008 with rodent organs and is nowadays moving closer to clinical application thanks to scaling-up strategies to human hearts. This review will offer a comprehensive examination on the important stages to be reached for the bioengineering of the whole heart, by describing the approaches of organ decellularization, repopulation, and maturation so far applied and the novel technologies of potential interest. In addition, it will carefully address important demands that still need to be satisfied in order to move to a real clinical translation of the whole bioengineering heart concept.
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29
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Pacelli S, Basu S, Whitlow J, Chakravarti A, Acosta F, Varshney A, Modaresi S, Berkland C, Paul A. Strategies to develop endogenous stem cell-recruiting bioactive materials for tissue repair and regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:50-70. [PMID: 28734899 PMCID: PMC5705585 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A leading strategy in tissue engineering is the design of biomimetic scaffolds that stimulate the body's repair mechanisms through the recruitment of endogenous stem cells to sites of injury. Approaches that employ the use of chemoattractant gradients to guide tissue regeneration without external cell sources are favored over traditional cell-based therapies that have limited potential for clinical translation. Following this concept, bioactive scaffolds can be engineered to provide a temporally and spatially controlled release of biological cues, with the possibility to mimic the complex signaling patterns of endogenous tissue regeneration. Another effective way to regulate stem cell activity is to leverage the inherent chemotactic properties of extracellular matrix (ECM)-based materials to build versatile cell-instructive platforms. This review introduces the concept of endogenous stem cell recruitment, and provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies available to achieve effective cardiovascular and bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Sayantani Basu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Jonathan Whitlow
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Aparna Chakravarti
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Francisca Acosta
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Saman Modaresi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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30
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Cardiac Progenitor Cells and the Interplay with Their Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7471582. [PMID: 29075298 PMCID: PMC5623801 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7471582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment plays a crucial role in the behavior of stem and progenitor cells. In the heart, cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) reside in specific niches, characterized by key components that are altered in response to a myocardial infarction. To date, there is a lack of knowledge on these niches and on the CPC interplay with the niche components. Insight into these complex interactions and into the influence of microenvironmental factors on CPCs can be used to promote the regenerative potential of these cells. In this review, we discuss cardiac resident progenitor cells and their regenerative potential and provide an overview of the interactions of CPCs with the key elements of their niche. We focus on the interaction between CPCs and supporting cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stimuli, and soluble factors. Finally, we describe novel approaches to modulate the CPC niche that can represent the next step in recreating an optimal CPC microenvironment and thereby improve their regeneration capacity.
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31
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Normal versus Pathological Cardiac Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Differentially Modulates Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Paracrine Properties and Commitment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7396462. [PMID: 28740514 PMCID: PMC5504962 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7396462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are under clinical evaluation as a therapeutic product for cardiac regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, limited engraftment and differentiation potential of transplanted cells significantly hamper therapeutic success. Moreover, maladaptive remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during heart failure progression provides impaired biological and mechanical signals to cardiac cells, including CPCs. In this study, we aimed at investigating the differential effect on the phenotype of human CDCs of cardiac fibroblast-derived ECM substrates from healthy or diseased hearts, named, respectively, normal or pathological cardiogel (CG-N/P). After 7 days of culture, results show increased levels of cardiogenic gene expression (NKX2.5, CX43) on both decellularized cardiogels compared to control, while the proportion and staining patterns of GATA4, OCT4, NKX2.5, ACTA1, VIM, and CD90-positive CPCs were not affected, as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. Nonetheless, CDCs cultured on CG-N secreted significantly higher levels of osteopontin, FGF6, FGF7, NT-3, IGFBP4, and TIMP-2 compared to those cultured on CG-P, suggesting overall a reduced trophic and antiremodelling paracrine profile of CDCs when in contact with ECM from pathological cardiac fibroblasts. These results provide novel insights into the bidirectional interplay between cardiac ECM and CPCs, potentially affecting CPC biology and regenerative potential.
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32
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O'Neill HS, O'Sullivan J, Porteous N, Ruiz-Hernandez E, Kelly HM, O'Brien FJ, Duffy GP. A collagen cardiac patch incorporating alginate microparticles permits the controlled release of hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 to enhance cardiac stem cell migration and proliferation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e384-e394. [PMID: 27943590 DOI: 10.1002/term.2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) represent a logical cell type to exploit as a regenerative treatment option for tissue damage accrued as a result of a myocardial infarction. However, the isolation and expansion of CSCs prior to cell transplantation is time consuming, costly and invasive, and the reliability of cell expansion may also prove to be a major obstacle in the clinical application of CSC-based transplantation therapy after a myocardial infarction. In order to overcome this, we propose the incorporation of growth factor-eluting alginate microparticles into collagen-based scaffolds as an implantable biomaterial to promote the recruitment and expansion of CSCs in the myocardium. In order to obtain scaffolds able to enhance the motogenic and proliferative potential of CSCs, the aim of this work was to achieve a sustained delivery of both hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1. Both proteins were initially encapsulated in alginate microparticles by spray drying and subsequently incorporated into a collagen scaffold. Microparticles were seen to homogeneously distribute through the interconnected scaffold pore structure. The resulting scaffolds were capable of extending the release of both proteins up to 15 days, a three-fold increase over non-encapsulated proteins embedded in the scaffolds. In vitro assays with isolated CSCs demonstrated that the sustained release of both bioactive proteins resulted in an increased motogenic and proliferative effect. As presently practiced, the isolation and expansion of CSCs for autologous cell transplantation is slow, expensive and difficult to attain. Thus, there is a need for strategies to specifically activate in situ the intrinsic cardiac regenerative potential represented by the CSCs using combinations of growth factors obviating the need for cell transplantation. By favouring the natural regenerative capability of CSCs, it is hypothesized that the cardiac patch presented here will result in positive therapeutic outcomes in MI and heart failure patients in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh S O'Neill
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Janice O'Sullivan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Porteous
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Hernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helena M Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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33
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Sub-physiological oxygen levels optimal for growth and survival of human atrial cardiac stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:109-122. [PMID: 28386845 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac stem cells reside in niches where the oxygen levels are close to 3%. For cytotherapy, cells are conventionally expanded in ambient oxygen (21% O2) which represents hyperoxia compared to the oxygen tension of niches. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are then transplanted to host tissue with lower-O2 levels. The high-O2 gradient can reduce the efficacy of cultured cells. Based on the assumption that minimizing injury due to O2 gradients will enhance the yield of functionally efficient cells, CDCs were cultured in 3% O2 and compared with cells maintained in ambient O2. CDCs were isolated from human right atrial explants and expanded in parallel in 21 and 3% oxygen and compared with regard to survival, proliferation, and retention of stemness. Increased cell viability even in the tenth passage and enhanced cardiosphere formation was observed in cells expanded in 3% O2. The cell yield from seven passages was fourfold higher for cells cultured in 3% O2. Preservation of stemness in hypoxic environment was evident from the proportion of c-kit-positive cells and reduced myogenic differentiation. Hypoxia promoted angiogenesis and reduced the tendency to differentiate to noncardiac lineages (adipocytes and osteocytes). Mimicking the microenvironment at transplantation, when shifted to 5% O2, viability and proliferation rate were significantly higher for CDCs expanded in 3% O2. Expansion of CDCs, from atria in sub-physiological oxygen, helps in obtaining a higher yield of healthy cells with better preservation of stem cell characteristics. The cells so cultured are expected to improve engraftment and facilitate myocardial regeneration.
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34
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Arbatlı S, Aslan GS, Kocabaş F. Stem Cells in Regenerative Cardiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1079:37-53. [PMID: 29064067 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The common prevalence of heart failure and limitations in its treatment are leading cause of attention and interest towards the induction of cardiac regeneration with novel approaches. Recent studies provide growing evidence regarding bona fide cardiac regeneration post genetic manipulations, administration of stimulatory factors and myocardial injuries in animal models and human studies. To this end, stem cells of different sources have been tested to treat heart failure for the development of cellular therapies. Endogenous and exogenous stem cells sources used in regenerative cardiology have provided a proof of concept and applicability of cellular therapies in myocardial improvement. Recent clinical studies, especially, based on the endogenous cardiac progenitor and stem cells highlighted the possibility to regenerate lost cardiomyocytes in the myocardium. This review discusses emerging concepts in cardiac stem cell therapy, their sources and route of administration, and plausibility of de novo cardiomyocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Arbatlı
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Galip Servet Aslan
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabaş
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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35
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Psaltis PJ, Schwarz N, Toledo-Flores D, Nicholls SJ. Cellular Therapy for Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rev 2016; 12:195-215. [PMID: 27280304 PMCID: PMC5011188 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160606121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/1969] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF) is underpinned by complex changes at subcellular, cellular and extracellular levels in the ventricular myocardium. For all of the gains that conventional treatments for HF have brought to mortality and morbidity, they do not adequately address the loss of cardiomyocyte numbers in the remodeling ventricle. Originally conceived to address this problem, cellular transplantation for HF has already gone through several stages of evolution over the past two decades. Various cell types and delivery routes have been implemented to positive effect in preclinical models of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy, with pleiotropic benefits observed in terms of myocardial remodeling, systolic and diastolic performance, perfusion, fibrosis, inflammation, metabolism and electrophysiology. To a large extent, these salubrious effects are now attributed to the indirect, paracrine capacity of transplanted stem cells to facilitate endogenous cardiac repair processes. Promising results have also followed in early phase human studies, although these have been relatively modest and somewhat inconsistent. This review details the preclinical and clinical evidence currently available regarding the use of pluripotent stem cells and adult-derived progenitor cells for cardiomyopathy and HF. It outlines the important lessons that have been learned to this point in time, and balances the promise of this exciting field against the key challenges and questions that still need to be addressed at all levels of research, to ensure that cell therapy realizes its full potential by adding to the armamentarium of HF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- Co-Director of Vascular Research Centre, Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5000.
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Liu W, Pu Y, Wang C, Gu C, Zhang X. Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs in cardiac stem cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:933-939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dergilev KV, Tsokolaeva ZI, Rubina KA, Sysoeva VY, Makarevich PI, Boldyreva MA, Beloglazova IB, Zubkova ES, Sharonov GV, Akchurin RS, Parfyonova YV. Isolation and characterization of cardiac progenitor cells from myocardial right atrial appendage tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x16050035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xin ZC, Xu YD, Lin G, Lue TF, Guo YL. Recruiting endogenous stem cells: a novel therapeutic approach for erectile dysfunction. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:10-5. [PMID: 25926601 PMCID: PMC4736335 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.150040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted stem cells (SCs), owing to their regenerative capacity, represent one of the most promising methods to restore erectile dysfunction (ED). However, insufficient source, invasive procedures, ethical and regulatory issues hamper their use in clinical applications. The endogenous SCs/progenitor cells resident in organ and tissues play critical roles for organogenesis during development and for tissue homeostasis in adulthood. Even without any therapeutic intervention, human body has a robust self-healing capability to repair the damaged tissues or organs. Therefore, SCs-for-ED therapy should not be limited to a supply-side approach. The resident endogenous SCs existing in patients could also be a potential target for ED therapy. The aim of this review was to summarize contemporary evidence regarding: (1) SC niche and SC biological features in vitro; (2) localization and mobilization of endogenous SCs; (3) existing evidence of penile endogenous SCs and their possible mode of mobilization. We performed a search on PubMed for articles related to these aspects in a wide range of basic studies. Together, numerous evidences hold the promise that endogenous SCs would be a novel therapeutic approach for the therapy of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Cheng Xin
- Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, USA
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the cardiac stem cell field with an emphasis on aging and to suggest some relevant strategies directed toward rejuvenation of the senescent heart. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cells were long considered as a fountain of youth and were assumed to be equipped against any form of aging effect. However, it is now clear that stem cells suffer the consequences of aging as well. With the discovery that cardiac stem cells reside in the heart comes the question whether these cells are also impaired upon aging. As cardiac stem cell properties are also altered with age, autologous stem cell-based therapy to treat heart failure will benefit from new improved strategies. SUMMARY With the goal to improve stem cell properties that are impaired upon aging, some strategies are highlighted. Genetic modification of adult human cardiac progenitor cells prior to autologous stem cell-based therapy, delivery of the next generation of stem cells such as CardioChimeras and CardioClusters, and improvement of the myocardial environment with rejuvenating factors constitute some of the possibilities and are discussed in more detail in this review.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:4285215. [PMID: 26823669 PMCID: PMC4707334 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4285215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) reside in many human organs and comprise heterogeneous population of cells with self-renewal ability. These cells can be isolated from different tissues, and their morphology, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential are dependent on their tissue of origin. Each organ contains specific population of stromal cells which maintain regeneration process of the tissue where they reside, but some of them have much more wide plasticity and differentiate into multiple cells lineage. MSCs isolated from adult human tissues are ideal candidates for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering. However, MSCs do not only contribute to structurally tissue repair but also MSC possess strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may influence in tissue repair by modulation of local environment. This paper is presenting an overview of the current knowledge of biology of tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal and progenitor cells (originated from bone marrow, liver, skeletal muscle, skin, heart, and lung) associated with tissue regeneration and tissue homeostasis.
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Abstract
Met tyrosine kinase receptor, also known as c-Met, is the HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) receptor. The HGF/Met pathway has a prominent role in cardiovascular remodelling after tissue injury. The present review provides a synopsis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of HGF/Met in the heart and blood vessels. In vivo, HGF/Met function is particularly important for the protection of the heart in response to both acute and chronic insults, including ischaemic injury and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Accordingly, conditional deletion of Met in cardiomyocytes results in impaired organ defence against oxidative stress. After ischaemic injury, activation of Met provides strong anti-apoptotic stimuli for cardiomyocytes through PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades. Recently, we found that HGF/Met is also important for autophagy regulation in cardiomyocytes via the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. HGF/Met induces proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) activation. In fibroblasts, HGF/Met antagonizes the actions of TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1) and AngII (angiotensin II), thus preventing fibrosis. Moreover, HGF/Met influences the inflammatory response of macrophages and the immune response of dendritic cells, indicating its protective function against atherosclerotic and autoimmune diseases. The HGF/Met axis also plays an important role in regulating self-renewal and myocardial regeneration through the enhancement of cardiac progenitor cells. HGF/Met has beneficial effects against myocardial infarction and endothelial dysfunction: the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying repair function in the heart and blood vessels are common and include pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Thus administration of HGF or HGF mimetics may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of both coronary and peripheral artery disease.
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Popescu LM, Fertig ET, Gherghiceanu M. Reaching out: junctions between cardiac telocytes and cardiac stem cells in culture. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:370-80. [PMID: 26538457 PMCID: PMC4727556 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) were previously shown by our group to form a tandem with stem/progenitor cells in cardiac stem cell (CSC) niches, fulfilling various roles in cardiac renewal. Among these, the ability to ‘nurse’ CSCs in situ, both through direct physical contact (junctions) as well as at a distance, by paracrine signalling or through extracellular vesicles containing mRNA. We employed electron microscopy to identify junctions (such as gap or adherens junctions) in a co‐culture of cardiac TCs and CSCs. Gap junctions were observed between TCs, which formed networks, however, not between TCs and CSCs. Instead, we show that TCs and CSCs interact in culture forming heterocellular adherens junctions, as well as non‐classical junctions such as puncta adherentia and stromal synapses. The stromal synapse formed between TCs and CSCs (both stromal cells) was frequently associated with the presence of electron‐dense nanostructures (on average about 15 nm in length) connecting the two opposing membranes. The average width of the synaptic cleft was 30 nm, whereas the average length of the intercellular contact was 5 μm. Recent studies have shown that stem cells fail to adequately engraft and survive in the hostile environment of the injured myocardium, possibly as a result of the absence of the pro‐regenerative components of the secretome (paracrine factors) and/or of neighbouring support cells. Herein, we emphasize the similarities between the junctions described in co‐culture and the junctions identified between TCs and CSCs in situ. Reproducing a CSC niche in culture may represent a viable alternative to mono‐cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurențiu M Popescu
- Department of Advanced Studies, 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuel T Fertig
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Laiva AL, Venugopal JR, Navaneethan B, Karuppuswamy P, Ramakrishna S. Biomimetic approaches for cell implantation to the restoration of infarcted myocardium. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2907-30. [PMID: 26371367 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidences accumulated over the years have proven stem cells as a promising source for regenerative medicine. However, the inadequacy with the design of delivery modalities has prolonged the research in realizing an ideal cell-based approach for the regeneration of infarcted myocardium. Currently, some modest improvements in cardiac function have been documented in clinical trials with stem cell treatments, although regenerating a fully functional myocardium remains a dream for cardiac surgeons. This review provides an overview on the significance of stem cell therapy, the current attempts to resolve the drawbacks with the cell implantation approach and the various stratagems adopted with electrospun hybrid nanofibers for implementation in myocardial regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashang Luwang Laiva
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576.,Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Balchandar Navaneethan
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Priyadharsini Karuppuswamy
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
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Belostotskaya G, Nevorotin A, Galagudza M. Identification of cardiac stem cells within mature cardiac myocytes. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3155-62. [PMID: 26280107 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1078037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem cells are described in a number of mammalian species including humans. Cardiac stem cell clusters consisting of both lineage-negative and partially committed cells are generally identified between contracting cardiac myocytes. In the present study, c-kit(+), Sca(+), and Isl1(+) stem cells were revealed to be located inside the sarcoplasm of cardiac myocytes in myocardial cell cultures derived from newborn, 20-, and 40-day-old rats. Intracellularly localized cardiac stem cells had a coating or capsule with a few pores that opened into the host cell sarcoplasm. The similar structures were also identified in the suspension of freshly isolated myocardial cells (ex vivo) of 20- and 40-day-old rats. The results from this study provide direct evidence for the replicative division of encapsulated stem cells, followed by their partial cardiomyogenic differentiation. The latter is substantiated by the release of multiple transient amplifying cells following the capsule rupture. In conclusion, functional cardiac stem cells can reside not only exterior to but also within cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Belostotskaya
- a Centre of Cytoanalysis; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences ; St. Petersburg , Russia.,b Institute of Experimental Medicine; North-West Federal Medical Research Centre ; St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Alexey Nevorotin
- c First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg ; St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Michael Galagudza
- b Institute of Experimental Medicine; North-West Federal Medical Research Centre ; St. Petersburg , Russia.,d ITMO University ; St. Petersburg , Russia
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Jastrzebska E, Tomecka E, Jesion I. Heart-on-a-chip based on stem cell biology. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 75:67-81. [PMID: 26298640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are one of the main causes of death around the world. The great challenge for scientists is to develop new therapeutic methods for these types of ailments. Stem cells (SCs) therapy could be one of a promising technique used for renewal of cardiac cells and treatment of heart diseases. Conventional in vitro techniques utilized for investigation of heart regeneration do not mimic natural cardiac physiology. Lab-on-a-chip systems may be the solution which could allow the creation of a heart muscle model, enabling the growth of cardiac cells in conditions similar to in vivo conditions. Microsystems can be also used for differentiation of stem cells into heart cells, successfully. It will help better understand of proliferation and regeneration ability of these cells. In this review, we present Heart-on-a-chip systems based on cardiac cell culture and stem cell biology. This review begins with the description of the physiological environment and the functions of the heart. Next, we shortly described conventional techniques of stem cells differentiation into the cardiac cells. This review is mostly focused on describing Lab-on-a-chip systems for cardiac tissue engineering. Therefore, in the next part of this article, the microsystems for both cardiac cell culture and SCs differentiation into cardiac cells are described. The section about SCs differentiation into the heart cells is divided in sections describing biochemical, physical and mechanical stimulations. Finally, we outline present challenges and future research concerning Heart-on-a-chip based on stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Jastrzebska
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Tomecka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Jesion
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Boppart MD, De Lisio M, Witkowski S. Exercise and Stem Cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:423-56. [PMID: 26477925 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are traditionally studied in the context of embryonic development, yet studies confirm that a fraction remains in the adult organism for the purpose of daily remodeling and rejuvenation of multiple tissues following injury. Adult stem cells (ASCs) are found in close proximity to vessels and respond to tissue-specific cues in the microenvironment that dictate their fate and function. Exercise can dramatically alter strain sensing, extracellular matrix composition, and inflammation, and such changes in the niche likely alter ASC quantity and function postexercise. The field of stem cell biology is still in its infancy and identification and terminology of ASCs continues to evolve; thus, current information regarding exercise and stem cells is lacking. This chapter summarizes the literature that reports on the ASC response to acute exercise and exercise training, with particular emphasis on hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Witkowski
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Fang R, Qiao S, Liu Y, Meng Q, Chen X, Song B, Hou X, Tian W. Sustained co-delivery of BIO and IGF-1 by a novel hybrid hydrogel system to stimulate endogenous cardiac repair in myocardial infarcted rat hearts. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4691-703. [PMID: 26251592 PMCID: PMC4524466 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s81451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiation and proliferation of endogenous cardiomyocytes in situ can effectively improve cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). 6-Bromoindirubin-3-oxime (BIO) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are two potent factors that promote cardiomyocyte survival and proliferation. However, their delivery for sustained release in MI-affected areas has proved to be challenging. In the current research, we present a study on the sustained co-delivery of BIO and IGF-1 in a hybrid hydrogel system to simulate endogenous cardiac repair in an MI rat model. Both BIO and IGF-1 were efficiently encapsulated in gelatin nanoparticles, which were later cross-linked with the oxidized alginate to form a novel hybrid hydrogel system. The in vivo results indicated that the hybrid system could enhance the proliferation of cardiomyocytes in situ and could promote revascularization around the MI sites, allowing improved cardiac function. Taken together, we concluded that the hybrid hydrogel system can co-deliver BIO and IGF-1 to areas of MI and thus improve cardiac function by promoting the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fang
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China ; Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shupei Qiao
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bing Song
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Xiaolu Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Tian
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Cardiac aging - Getting to the stem of the problem. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:32-6. [PMID: 25886698 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is a heterogeneous process caused by a combination of stochastic events which manifests as loss of structure and function in the heart, however several recent studies draw attention to aging being primarily a stem cell problem. This review summarizes findings in support of the "stem cell hypothesis of aging" and discusses the impact of age on cardiac stem cells and the niche. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CV Aging'.
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