1
|
Kumar R, Srikrishna S. JNK Kinase regulates cachexia like syndrome in scribble knockdown tumor model of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 2024; 517:28-38. [PMID: 39293747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Cachexia and systemic organ wasting are metabolic syndrome often associated with cancer. However, the exact mechanism of cancer associated cachexia like syndrome still remain elusive. In this study, we utilized a scribble (scrib) knockdown induced hindgut tumor to investigate the role of JNK kinase in cachexia like syndrome. Scrib, a cell polarity regulator, also acts as a tumor suppressor gene. Its loss and mis-localization are reported in various type of malignant cancer-like breast, colon and prostate cancer. The scrib knockdown flies exhibited male lethality, reduced life span, systemic organ wasting and increased pJNK level in hindgut of female flies. Interestingly, knocking down of human JNK Kinase analogue, hep, in scrib knockdown background in hindgut leads to restoration of loss of scrib mediated lethality and systemic organ wasting. Our data showed that scrib loss in hindgut is capable of inducing cancer associated cachexia like syndrome. Here, we firstly report that blocking the JNK signaling pathway effectively rescued the cancer cachexia induced by scrib knockdown, along with its associated gut barrier disruption. These findings have significantly advanced our understanding of cancer cachexia and have potential implications for the development of therapeutic strategies. However, more research is needed to fully understand the complex mechanisms underlying this condition.
Collapse
|
2
|
Agca S, Kir S. The role of interleukin-6 family cytokines in cancer cachexia. FEBS J 2024; 291:4009-4023. [PMID: 38975832 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Cachexia is a wasting syndrome that manifests in more than half of all cancer patients. Cancer-associated cachexia negatively influences the survival of patients and their quality of life. It is characterized by a rapid loss of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, which is partly mediated by inflammatory cytokines. Here, we explored the crucial roles of interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokines, including IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M, in the development of cancer cachexia. These cytokines have been shown to exacerbate cachexia by promoting the wasting of adipose and muscle tissues, activating mechanisms that enhance lipolysis and proteolysis. Overlapping effects of the IL-6 family cytokines depend on janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. We argue that the blockade of these cytokine pathways individually may fail due to redundancy and future therapeutic approaches should target common downstream elements to yield effective clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samet Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu L, Li ZZ, Yang H, Cao LZ, Wang XY, Wang DL, Chatterjee E, Li YF, Huang G. Cardioprotection of voluntary exercise against breast cancer-induced cardiac injury via STAT3. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01076-8. [PMID: 39158697 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Exercise is an effective way to alleviate breast cancer-induced cardiac injury to a certain extent. However, whether voluntary exercise (VE) activates cardiac signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the role of STAT3-microRNA(miRNA)-targeted protein axis in VE against breast cancer-induced cardiac injury.VE for 4 weeks not only improved cardiac function of transgenic breast cancer female mice [mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyMT +)] compared with littermate mice with no cancer (MMTV-PyMT -), but also increased myocardial STAT3 tyrosine 705 phosphorylation. Significantly more obvious cardiac fibrosis, smaller cardiomyocyte size, lower cell viability, and higher serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were shown in MMTV-PyMT + mice compared with MMTV-PyMT - mice, which were ameliorated by VE. However, VE did not influence the tumor growth. MiRNA sequencing identified that miR-181a-5p was upregulated and miR-130b-3p was downregulated in VE induced-cardioprotection. Myocardial injection of Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 driving STAT3 tyrosine 705 mutations abolished cardioprotective effects above. Myocardial STAT3 was identified as the transcription factor binding the promoters of pri-miR-181a (the precursor of miR-181a-5p) and HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR, sponged miR-130b-3p) in isolated cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, miR-181a-5p targeting PTEN and miR-130b-3p targeting Zinc finger and BTB domain containing protein 20 (Zbtb20) were proved in AC-16 cells. These findings indicated that VE protects against breast cancer-induced cardiac injury via activating STAT3 to promote miR-181a-5p targeting PTEN and to promote HOTAIR to sponge miR-130b-3p targeting Zbtb20, helping to develop new targets in exercise therapy for breast cancer-induced cardiac injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Zhi-Zheng Li
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Li-Zhi Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Dong-Liang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yan-Fei Li
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Youn JK, Lee HR, Ko D, Kim HY. Attenuation of esophageal anastomotic stricture through remote ischemic conditioning in a rat model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18481. [PMID: 39122787 PMCID: PMC11315918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic stricture is a typical complication of esophageal atresia surgery. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has demonstrated multiorgan benefits, however, its efficacy in the esophagus remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether applying RIC after esophageal resection and anastomosis in rats could attenuate esophageal stricture and improve inflammation. Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into the following groups: controls with no surgery, resection and anastomosis only, resection and anastomosis with RIC once, and resection and anastomosis with RIC twice. RIC included three cycles of hind-limb ischemia followed by reperfusion. Inflammatory markers associated with the interleukin 6/Janus kinase/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/JAK/STAT3) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-κB (TNF-α/NF-kB) signaling pathways were evaluated with RNA and protein works. The RIC groups showed significantly lower stricture rates, lower inflammatory markers levels than the resection and anastomosis-only group. The RIC groups had significantly lower IL-6 and TNFa levels than the resection and anastomosis-only group, confirming the inhibitory role of remote ischemic conditioning in the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 and TNF-α/NF-kB signaling pathways. RIC after esophageal resection and anastomosis can reduce the inflammatory response, improving strictures at the esophageal anastomosis site, to be a novel noninvasive intervention for reducing esophageal anastomotic strictures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joong Kee Youn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Lee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dayoung Ko
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma Z, Zhou F, Jin H, Wu X. Crosstalk between CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 and the STAT3 Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:1027. [PMID: 38920657 PMCID: PMC11201928 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal modulation between the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis and the STAT3 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the progression of various diseases and neoplasms. Activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis triggers the STAT3 pathway through multiple mechanisms, while the STAT3 pathway also regulates the expression of CXCL12. This review offers a thorough and systematic analysis of the reciprocal regulatory mechanisms between the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 signaling axis and the STAT3 signaling pathway in the context of diseases, particularly tumors. It explores the potential clinical applications in tumor treatment, highlighting possible therapeutic targets and novel strategies for targeted tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoming Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.M.); (F.Z.); (H.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arneson‐Wissink PC, Mendez H, Pelz K, Dickie J, Bartlett AQ, Worley BL, Krasnow SM, Eil R, Grossberg AJ. Hepatic signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signalling drives early-stage pancreatic cancer cachexia via suppressed ketogenesis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:975-988. [PMID: 38632714 PMCID: PMC11154744 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) often suffer from cachexia, a wasting syndrome that significantly reduces both quality of life and survival. Although advanced cachexia is associated with inflammatory signalling and elevated muscle catabolism, the early events driving wasting are poorly defined. During periods of nutritional scarcity, the body relies on hepatic ketogenesis to generate ketone bodies, and lipid metabolism via ketogenesis is thought to protect muscle from catabolizing during nutritional scarcity. METHODS We developed an orthotopic mouse model of early PDAC cachexia in 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice. Murine pancreatic cancer cells (KPC) were orthotopically implanted into the pancreas of wild-type, IL-6-/-, and hepatocyte STAT3-/- male and female mice. Mice were subject to fasting, 50% food restriction, ad libitum feeding or ketogenic diet interventions. We measured longitudinal body composition by EchoMRI, body mass and food intake. At the endpoint, we measured tissue mass, tissue gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, whole-body calorimetry, circulating hormone levels, faecal protein and lipid content, hepatic lipid content and ketogenic response to medium-chain fatty acid bolus. We assessed muscle atrophy in vivo and C2C12 myotube atrophy in vitro. RESULTS Pre-cachectic PDAC mice did not preserve gastrocnemius muscle mass during 3-day food restriction (-13.1 ± 7.7% relative to food-restricted sham, P = 0.0117) and displayed impaired fatty acid oxidation during fasting, resulting in a hypoketotic state (ketogenic response to octanoate bolus, -83.0 ± 17.3%, P = 0.0328; Hmgcs2 expression, -28.3 ± 7.6%, P = 0.0004). PDAC human patients display impaired fasting ketones (-46.9 ± 7.1%, P < 0.0001) and elevated circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) (12.4 ± 16.5-fold increase, P = 0.0001). IL-6-/- PDAC mice had improved muscle mass (+35.0 ± 3.9%, P = 0.0031) and ketogenic response (+129.4 ± 44.4%, P = 0.0033) relative to wild-type PDAC mice. Hepatocyte-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) deletion prevented muscle loss (+9.3 ± 4.0%, P = 0.009) and improved fasting ketone levels (+52.0 ± 43.3%, P = 0.018) in PDAC mice. Without affecting tumour growth, a carbohydrate-free diet improved tibialis anterior myofibre diameter (+16.5 ± 3.5%, P = 0.0089), circulating ketone bodies (+333.0 ± 117.6%, P < 0.0001) and Hmgcs2 expression (+106.5 ± 36.1%, P < 0.0001) in PDAC mice. Ketone supplementation protected muscle against PDAC-induced atrophy in vitro (+111.0 ± 17.6%, P < 0.0001 myofibre diameter). CONCLUSIONS In early PDAC cachexia, muscle vulnerability to wasting is dependent on inflammation-driven metabolic reprogramming in the liver. PDAC suppresses lipid β-oxidation and impairs ketogenesis in the liver, which is reversed in genetically modified mouse models deficient in IL-6/STAT3 signalling or through ketogenic diet supplementation. This work establishes a direct link between skeletal muscle homeostasis and hepatic metabolism. Dietary and anti-inflammatory interventions that restore ketogenesis may be a viable preventative approach for pre-cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heike Mendez
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Katherine Pelz
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Jessica Dickie
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Alexandra Q. Bartlett
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Beth L. Worley
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Stephanie M. Krasnow
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Robert Eil
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Aaron J. Grossberg
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of Radiation MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang MH, Jung YY, Um J, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Brassinin alleviates cancer cachexia by suppressing diverse inflammatory mechanisms in mice. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e558. [PMID: 38807976 PMCID: PMC11130637 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial condition that contributes to the death of about 20% of cancer patients. It has the potential to cause weight loss, reduction in muscle mass, and loss of fat tissue, significantly lowering the quality of life. Currently, there are no approved drugs for cancer cachexia. Here, we have explored the possible impact of brassinin (BSN) on cancer cachexia under in vitro and in vivo settings. After differentiation, C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with colorectal carcinoma cells conditioned media or BSN. For preclinical studies, mice were injected with HT-29 cells followed by intraperitoneal administration of BSN, and muscle and adipose tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and hematoxylin and eosin staining. BSN effectively suppressed muscle atrophy by down-regulating the levels of Muscle RING-finger protein-1 and Atrogin-1, while also increasing the expression of myosin heavy chain in cachexia-induced-C2C12 myotubes. The induction of adipogenesis by BSN prevented adipocyte atrophy in cachexia-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also noted that BSN disrupted the interaction between COX-2 and signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) promoter, leading to down-regulation of STAT3 activation. Moreover, it was found that BSN inhibited weight loss in mice and demonstrated anti-cachexic effects. Overall, our observations indicate that BSN can attenuate cancer cachexia through diverse mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jae‐Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR)Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Ding S. Extracellular vesicles in cancer cachexia: deciphering pathogenic roles and exploring therapeutic horizons. J Transl Med 2024; 22:506. [PMID: 38802952 PMCID: PMC11129506 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating syndrome that affects 50-80% of cancer patients, varying in incidence by cancer type and significantly diminishing their quality of life. This multifactorial syndrome is characterized by muscle and fat loss, systemic inflammation, and metabolic imbalance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a crucial role in the progression of CC. These vesicles, produced by cancer cells and others within the tumor environment, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A comprehensive review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science reveals insights into the formation, release, and uptake of EVs in CC, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The review also explores therapeutic strategies targeting EVs, which include modifying their release and content, utilizing them for drug delivery, genetically altering their contents, and inhibiting key cachexia pathways. Understanding the role of EVs in CC opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, potentially mitigating the syndrome's impact on patient survival and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shengguang Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu X, Ren P, Yang R, Yue H, Tang Q, Xue C. Astaxanthin Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice With Cancer Cachexia. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:529-542. [PMID: 38567899 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2335584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural marine carotenoid with a variety of biological activities. This study aimed to demonstrate the possible mechanisms by which AST improves skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. In this study, the effects of different doses of AST (30 mg/kg b.w., 60 mg/kg b.w. and 120 mg/kg b.w.) on skeletal muscle functions were explored in mice with cancer cachexia. The results showed that AST (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg b.w.) could effectively protect cachexia mice from body weight and skeletal muscle loss. AST dose-dependently ameliorated the decrease in myofibres cross-sectional area and increased the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC). AST treatment decreased both the serum and muscle level of IL-6 but not TNF-α in C26 tumor-bearing cachexia mice. Moreover, AST alleviated skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing the expression of two muscle-specific E3 ligases MAFBx and MuRF-1. AST improved mitochondrial function by downregulating the levels of muscle Fis1, LC3B and Bax, upregulating the levels of muscle Mfn2 and Bcl-2. In conclusion, our study show that AST might be expected to be a nutritional supplement for cancer cachexia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Penna F, Garcia-Castillo L, Costelli P. Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in the Control of the Musculoskeletal Health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:257-265. [PMID: 38424339 PMCID: PMC11061004 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review will highlight recent reports supporting the relevance of extracellular vesicles to the musculoskeletal system in health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Preserving the health of the musculoskeletal system is important to maintain a good quality of life, and the bone-muscle crosstalk is crucial in this regard. This latter is largely mediated by extracellular vesicles released by the different cell populations residing in muscle and bone, which deliver cargoes, microRNAs, and proteins being the most relevant ones, to target cells. Extracellular vesicles could be exploited as therapeutic tools, in view of their resistance to destruction in the biological fluid and of the possibility to be functionalized according to the need. Extracellular vesicles are recognized as crucial players in the bone-muscle cross-talk. Additional studies however are required to refine their use as biomarkers of early alterations of the musculoskeletal system, and as potential therapeutic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorena Garcia-Castillo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ji Y, Lin J, Liu R, Wang K, Chang M, Gao Z, Liu B, Shen Y, Zhu J, Yao X, Qi L, Sun H. Celecoxib attenuates hindlimb unloading-induced muscle atrophy via suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress and ER stress by inhibiting STAT3. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1633-1646. [PMID: 38451396 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Improving inflammation may serve as useful therapeutic interventions for the hindlimb unloading-induced disuse muscle atrophy. Celecoxib is a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. We aimed to determine the role and mechanism of celecoxib in hindlimb unloading-induced disuse muscle atrophy. Celecoxib significantly attenuated the decrease in soleus muscle mass, hindlimb muscle function and the shift from slow- to fast-twitch muscle fibers caused by hindlimb unloading in rats. Importantly, celecoxib inhibited the increased expression of inflammatory factors, macrophage infiltration in damaged soleus muscle. Mechanistically, Celecoxib could significantly reduce oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in soleus muscle of unloaded rats. Furthermore, celecoxib inhibited muscle proteolysis by reducing the levels of MAFbx, MuRF1, and autophagy related proteins maybe by inhibiting the activation of pro-inflammatory STAT3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. This study is the first to demonstrate that celecoxib can attenuate disuse muscle atrophy caused by hindlimb unloading via suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress probably, improving target muscle function and reversing the shift of muscle fiber types by inhibiting STAT3 pathways-mediated inflammatory cascade. This study not only enriches the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms, but also provides new potential therapeutic targets for disuse muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfei Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu Z, Li C, Gu X, Wang X, Zhang G, Fan M, Zhao Y, Liu X, Zhang X. Paeoniflorin alleviated muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling and activating AKT/mTOR signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116846. [PMID: 38331105 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a progressive wasting syndrome, which is mainly characterized by systemic inflammatory response, weight loss, muscle atrophy, and fat loss. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is a natural compound extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, which is featured in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory pharmacological activities. While, the effects of Pae on cancer cachexia had not been reported before. In the present study, the effects of Pae on muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia were observed both in vitro and in vivo using C2C12 myotube atrophy cell model and C26 tumor-bearing cancer cachexia mice model. In the in vitro study, Pae could alleviate myotubes atrophy induced by conditioned medium of C26 colon cancer cells or LLC Lewis lung cancer cells by decreasing the expression of Atrogin-1 and inhibited the decrease of MHC and MyoD. In the in vivo study, Pae ameliorated weight loss and improved the decrease in cross-sectional area of muscle fibers and the impairment of muscle function in C26 tumor-bearing mice. The inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the activation of AKT/mTOR pathway was observed both in C2C12 myotubes and C26 tumor-bearing mice treated by Pae, which might be the main basis of its ameliorating effects on muscle atrophy. In addition, Pae could inhibit the release of IL-6 from C26 tumor cells, which might also contribute to its ameliorating effects on muscle atrophy. Overall, Pae might be a promising candidate for the therapy of cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Meng Fan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201003, China.
| | - Xiongwen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Dong Z, An Z, Jin W. Cancer cachexia: Focus on cachexia factors and inter-organ communication. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:44-62. [PMID: 37968131 PMCID: PMC10766315 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs, which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors. Cancer cachexia factors, being the general name of inflammatory factors, circulating proteins, metabolites, and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells, play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available. Thus, the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed. From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors, finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells, and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer cachexia, along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors. This summary aims to deepen medical community's understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zikai Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ziyi An
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mina E, Wyart E, Sartori R, Angelino E, Zaggia I, Rausch V, Maldotti M, Pagani A, Hsu MY, Friziero A, Sperti C, Menga A, Graziani A, Hirsch E, Oliviero S, Sandri M, Conti L, Kautz L, Silvestri L, Porporato PE. FK506 bypasses the effect of erythroferrone in cancer cachexia skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101306. [PMID: 38052214 PMCID: PMC10772350 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a hallmark of cachexia, a wasting condition typical of chronic pathologies, that still represents an unmet medical need. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5/8 signaling alterations are emerging drivers of muscle catabolism, hence, characterizing these perturbations is pivotal to develop therapeutic approaches. We identified two promoters of "BMP resistance" in cancer cachexia, specifically the BMP scavenger erythroferrone (ERFE) and the intracellular inhibitor FKBP12. ERFE is upregulated in cachectic cancer patients' muscle biopsies and in murine cachexia models, where its expression is driven by STAT3. Moreover, the knock down of Erfe or Fkbp12 reduces muscle wasting in cachectic mice. To bypass the BMP resistance mediated by ERFE and release the brake on the signaling, we targeted FKBP12 with low-dose FK506. FK506 restores BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, rescuing myotube atrophy by inducing protein synthesis. In cachectic tumor-bearing mice, FK506 prevents muscle and body weight loss and protects from neuromuscular junction alteration, suggesting therapeutic potential for targeting the ERFE-FKBP12 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Mina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Wyart
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; VIMM: Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Elia Angelino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ivan Zaggia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Rausch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Maldotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Sp142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Pagani
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Myriam Y Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Division of Cell Fate Dynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alberto Friziero
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; General Surgery 1, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- General Surgery 2, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Menga
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Sp142 Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; VIMM: Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Léon Kautz
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, University Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Molfino A, Beltrà M, Amabile MI, Belli R, Birolo G, Belloni E, De Lucia S, Garcia‐Castillo L, Penna F, Imbimbo G, Nigri G, Pardini B, Costelli P, Muscaritoli M. Small non-coding RNA profiling in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2692-2702. [PMID: 37743227 PMCID: PMC10751434 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small non-coding (snc)RNAs, including microRNAs and P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting-RNAs (piRNAs), crucially regulate gene expression in both physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, some muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) have been involved in the pathogenesis of cancer-induced muscle wasting. The aims of the present study were (i) to profile sncRNAs in both skeletal muscle and plasma of gastrointestinal cancer patients and (ii) to investigate the association among differentially expressed sncRNAs and the level of muscularity at body composition analysis. METHODS Surgical patients with gastrointestinal cancer or benign disease were recruited. Blood samples and muscle biopsies (rectus abdominis) were collected during surgery. Low muscularity patients were those at the lowest tertile of skeletal muscle index (SMI; CT-scan), whereas moderate/high muscularity patients were in the middle and highest SMI tertiles. SncRNAs in the muscle were assessed by RNAseq, circulating microRNAs were evaluated by qPCR. RESULTS Cancer patients (n = 25; 13 females, 52%) showed a mean age of 71.6 ± 11.2 years, a median body weight loss of 4.2% and a mean BMI of 27.0 ± 3.2 kg/m2 . Control group (n = 15; 9 females, 60%) showed a mean age 58.1 ± 13.9 years and a mean BMI of 28.0 ± 4.3 kg/m2 . In cancer patients, the median L3-SMI (cm2 /m2 ) was 42.52 (34.42; 49.07). Males showed a median L3-SMI of 46.08 (41.17-51.79) and females a median L3-SMI of 40.77 (33.73-42.87). Moderate-high and low muscularity groups included 17 and 8 patients, respectively. As for circulating microRNAs, miR-21-5p and miR-133a-3p were up-regulated in patients compared with controls, whereas miR-15b-5p resulted down-regulated in the same comparison (about 30% of control values). Sample clustering by muscularity and sex revealed increased miR-133a-3p and miR-206 only in moderate-high muscularity males. SncRNA profiling in the muscle identified 373 microRNAs and 190 piRNAs (72.5% and 18.7% of raw reads, respectively). As for microRNAs, 10 were up-regulated, and 56 were down-regulated in cancer patients versus controls. Among the 24 dysregulated piRNAs, the majority were down-regulated, including the top two most expressed piRNAs in the muscle (piR-12790 and piR-2106). Network analysis on validated mRNA targets of down-regulated microRNAs revealed miR-15b-5p, miR-106a-5p and miR-106b-5p as main interactors of genes related to ubiquitin ligase/transferase activities. CONCLUSIONS These results show dysregulation of both muscle microRNAs and piRNAs in cancer patients compared with controls, the former following a sex-specific pattern. Changes in circulating microRNAs are associated with the degree of muscularity rather than body weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Present address:
Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Roberta Belli
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Elena Belloni
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Translational MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Serena De Lucia
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | | | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Giovanni Imbimbo
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Nigri
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Translational MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM)CandioloItaly
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSCandioloItaly
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lalunio H, Parker L, Hanson ED, Gregorevic P, Levinger I, Hayes A, Goodman CA. Detecting the vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein in mouse and human skeletal muscle: Strain-specific, species-specific and inter-individual variation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112050. [PMID: 37683909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, and its receptor (VDR), play roles in muscle development/function, however, VDR detection in muscle has been controversial. Using different sample preparation methods and antibodies, we examined differences in muscle VDR protein abundance between two mouse strains and between mice and humans. The mouse D-6 VDR antibody was not reliable for detecting VDR in mouse muscle, but was suitable for human muscle, while the rabbit D2K6W antibody was valid for mouse and human muscle. VDR protein was generally lower in muscles from C57 B l/6 than FVB/N mice and was higher in human than mouse muscle. Two putative VDR bands were detected in human muscle, possibly representing VDR isoforms/splice variants, with marked inter-individual differences. This study provides new information on detecting VDR in muscle and on inter-mouse strain and inter-human individual differences in VDR expression. These findings may have implications for future pre-clinical and clinical studies and prompt further investigation to confirm possible VDR isoforms in human muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lalunio
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mannelli M, Bartoloni B, Cantini G, Nencioni E, Magherini F, Luconi M, Modesti A, Gamberi T, Fiaschi T. STAT3 Signalling Drives LDH Up-Regulation and Adiponectin Down-Regulation in Cachectic Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16343. [PMID: 38003534 PMCID: PMC10671608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a devastating pathology that worsens the quality of life and antineoplastic treatment outcomes of oncologic patients. Herein, we report that the secretome from murine colon carcinoma CT26 induces cachectic features in both murine and human adipocytes that are associated with metabolic alterations such as enhanced lactate production and decreased oxygen consumption. The use of oxamate, which inhibits lactate dehydrogenase activity, hinders the effects induced by CT26 secretome. Interestingly, the CT26 secretome elicits an increased level of lactate dehydrogenase and decreased expression of adiponectin. These modifications are driven by the STAT3 signalling cascade since the inhibition of STAT3 with WP1066 impedes the formation of the cachectic condition and the alteration of lactate dehydrogenase and adiponectin levels. Collectively, these findings show that STAT3 is responsible for the altered lactate dehydrogenase and adiponectin levels that, in turn, could participate in the worsening of this pathology and highlight a step forward in the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the onset of the cachectic condition in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tania Fiaschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “M. Serio”, Università degli studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (A.M.); (T.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morena da Silva F, Esser KA, Murach KA, Greene NP. Inflammation o'clock: interactions of circadian rhythms with inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP284808. [PMID: 37563881 PMCID: PMC10858298 DOI: 10.1113/jp284808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ∼24 h cycles evident in behaviour, physiology and metabolism. The molecular mechanism directing circadian rhythms is the circadian clock, which is composed of an interactive network of transcription-translation feedback loops. The core clock genes include Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα/β, Per and Cry. In addition to keeping time, the core clock regulates a daily programme of gene expression that is important for overall cell homeostasis. The circadian clock mechanism is present in all cells, including skeletal muscle fibres, and disruption of the muscle clock is associated with changes in muscle phenotype and function. Skeletal muscle atrophy is largely associated with a lower quality of life, frailty and reduced lifespan. Physiological and genetic modification of the core clock mechanism yields immune dysfunction, alters inflammatory factor expression and secretion and is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in multiple conditions, such as ageing and cancer cachexia. Here, we summarize the possible interplay between the circadian clock modulation of immune cells, systemic inflammatory status and skeletal muscle atrophy in chronic inflammatory conditions. Although there is a clear disruption of circadian clocks in various models of atrophy, the mechanism behind such alterations remains unknown. Understanding the modulatory potential of muscle and immune circadian clocks in inflammation and skeletal muscle health is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to protect skeletal muscle mass and function of patients with chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Morena da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Ageing, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Sun X, Yang Q, Guo C. Cucurbitacin IIb attenuates cancer cachexia induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the IL-6/STAT3/FoxO signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3380-3393. [PMID: 37073890 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The main features of cancer cachexia include skeletal muscle atrophy, which can significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. Clinical treatment of cancer cachexia is mainly based on nutritional therapy and physical exercise; medication only improves appetite but does not reverse the symptoms of skeletal muscle wasting. In this work, we systematically studied the underlying molecular mechanisms by which cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb) ameliorates muscle wasting in cancer cachexia both in vitro and in vivo. CuIIb significantly ameliorated the chief features of cancer cachexia in vivo, alleviating weight loss, food intake, muscle wasting, adipose tissue depletion, and organ weight reductions. In vitro, CuIIb (10 and 20 μM) dose-dependently attenuated conditioned medium (CM)-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CuIIb prevented the upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy Fbox protein (MAFbx), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and myogenin (MyoG) and impacted protein synthesis and degradation. In addition, CuIIb decreased the phosphorylation of Tyr705 in STAT3 by regulating the IL-6/STAT3/FoxO pathway to reduce skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xipeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morena da Silva F, Lim S, Cabrera AR, Schrems ER, Jones RG, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Washington TA, Murach KA, Greene NP. The time-course of cancer cachexia onset reveals biphasic transcriptional disruptions in female skeletal muscle distinct from males. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:374. [PMID: 37403010 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-cachexia (CC) is a debilitating condition affecting up to 80% of cancer patients and contributing to 40% of cancer-related deaths. While evidence suggests biological sex differences in the development of CC, assessments of the female transcriptome in CC are lacking, and direct comparisons between sexes are scarce. This study aimed to define the time course of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-induced CC in females using transcriptomics, while directly comparing biological sex differences. RESULTS We found the global gene expression of the gastrocnemius muscle of female mice revealed biphasic transcriptomic alterations, with one at 1 week following tumor allograft and another during the later stages of cachexia development. The early phase was associated with the upregulation of extracellular-matrix pathways, while the later phase was characterized by the downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain, and TCA cycle. When DEGs were compared to a known list of mitochondrial genes (MitoCarta), ~ 47% of these genes were differently expressed in females exhibiting global cachexia, suggesting transcriptional changes to mitochondrial gene expression happens concomitantly to functional impairments previously published. In contrast, the JAK-STAT pathway was upregulated in both the early and late stages of CC. Additionally, we observed a consistent downregulation of Type-II Interferon signaling genes in females, which was associated with protection in skeletal muscle atrophy despite systemic cachexia. Upregulation of Interferon signaling was noted in the gastrocnemius muscle of cachectic and atrophic male mice. Comparison of female tumor-bearing mice with males revealed ~ 70% of DEGs were distinct between sexes in cachectic animals, demonstrating dimorphic mechanisms of CC. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest biphasic disruptions in the transcriptome of female LLC tumor-bearing mice: an early phase associated with ECM remodeling and a late phase, accompanied by the onset of systemic cachexia, affecting overall muscle energy metabolism. Notably, ~ 2/3 of DEGs in CC are biologically sex-specific, providing evidence of dimorphic mechanisms of cachexia between sexes. Downregulation of Type-II Interferon signaling genes appears specific to CC development in females, suggesting a new biological sex-specific marker of CC not reliant on the loss of muscle mass, that might represent a protective mechanism against muscle loss in CC in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Morena da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Seongkyun Lim
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ana Regina Cabrera
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Eleanor R Schrems
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ronald G Jones
- Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Setiawan T, Sari IN, Wijaya YT, Julianto NM, Muhammad JA, Lee H, Chae JH, Kwon HY. Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 37217930 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a consequence of physiological changes or a pathology characterized by increased catabolic activity that leads to progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Numerous diseases, including cancer, organ failure, infection, and aging-associated diseases, are associated with muscle wasting. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, with or without the loss of fat mass, resulting in functional impairment and reduced quality of life. It is caused by the upregulation of systemic inflammation and catabolic stimuli, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of muscle catabolism. Here, we summarize the complex molecular networks that regulate muscle mass and function. Moreover, we describe complex multi-organ roles in cancer cachexia. Although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths, there are still no approved drugs for cancer cachexia. Thus, we compiled recent ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials and further discussed potential therapeutic approaches for cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadya Marcelina Julianto
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jabir Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Chae
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gilmore LA, Parry TL, Thomas GA, Khamoui AV. Skeletal muscle omics signatures in cancer cachexia: perspectives and opportunities. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:30-42. [PMID: 37139970 PMCID: PMC10157770 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a life-threatening complication of cancer that occurs in up to 80% of patients with advanced cancer. Cachexia reflects the systemic consequences of cancer and prominently features unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Cachexia impairs cancer treatment tolerance, lowers quality of life, and contributes to cancer-related mortality. Effective treatments for cancer cachexia are lacking despite decades of research. High-throughput omics technologies are increasingly implemented in many fields including cancer cachexia to stimulate discovery of disease biology and inform therapy choice. In this paper, we present selected applications of omics technologies as tools to study skeletal muscle alterations in cancer cachexia. We discuss how comprehensive, omics-derived molecular profiles were used to discern muscle loss in cancer cachexia compared with other muscle-wasting conditions, to distinguish cancer cachexia from treatment-related muscle alterations, and to reveal severity-specific mechanisms during the progression of cancer cachexia from early toward severe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Anne Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Traci L Parry
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Gwendolyn A Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen LL, Xia LY, Zhang JP, Wang Y, Chen JY, Guo C, Xu WH. Saikosaponin D alleviates cancer cachexia by directly inhibiting STAT3. Phytother Res 2023; 37:809-819. [PMID: 36447385 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome that is characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, and effective therapeutics have yet to be developed. Saikosaponin D (SSD), a major bioactive component of Radix Bupleuri, exhibits antiinflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we demonstrated that SSD is a promising agent for the treatment of cancer cachexia. SSD could alleviate TCM-induced myotube atrophy and inhibit the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle RING-finger containing protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy Fbox protein (Atrogin-1/MAFbx) in vitro. Moreover, SSD suppressed the progression of cancer cachexia, with significant improvements in the loss of body weight, gastrocnemius muscle, and tibialis anterior muscle mass in vivo. Mechanism investigations demonstrated that SSD could directly bind to STAT3 and specifically inhibit its phosphorylation as well as its transcriptional activity. Overexpression of STAT3 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of SSD on myotube atrophy, indicating that the therapeutic effect of SSD was attributed to STAT3 inhibition. These findings provide novel strategies for treatment of cancer cachexia by targeting STAT3, and SSD may be a promising drug candidate for cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Yuan Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Heng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
P2Y1R and P2Y2R: potential molecular triggers in muscle regeneration. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:305-313. [PMID: 35902482 PMCID: PMC9984638 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is indispensable for skeletal muscle health and daily life when injury, muscular disease, and aging occur. Among the muscle regeneration, muscle stem cells' (MuSCs) activation, proliferation, and differentiation play a key role in muscle regeneration. Purines bind to its specific receptors during muscle development, which transmit environmental stimuli and play a crucial role of modulator of muscle regeneration. Evidences proved P2R expression during development and regeneration of skeletal muscle, both in human and mouse. In contrast to P2XR, which have been extensively investigated in skeletal muscles, the knowledge of P2YR in this tissue is less comprehensive. This review summarized muscle regeneration via P2Y1R and P2Y2R and speculated that P2Y1R and P2Y2R might be potential molecular triggers for MuSCs' activation and proliferation via the p-ERK1/2 and PLC pathways, explored their cascade effects on skeletal muscle, and proposed P2Y1/2 receptors as potential pharmacological targets in muscle regeneration, to advance the purinergic signaling within muscle and provide promising strategies for alleviating muscular disease.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pototschnig I, Feiler U, Diwoky C, Vesely PW, Rauchenwald T, Paar M, Bakiri L, Pajed L, Hofer P, Kashofer K, Sukhbaatar N, Schoiswohl G, Weichhart T, Hoefler G, Bock C, Pichler M, Wagner EF, Zechner R, Schweiger M. Interleukin-6 initiates muscle- and adipose tissue wasting in a novel C57BL/6 model of cancer-associated cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:93-107. [PMID: 36351437 PMCID: PMC9891934 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a wasting syndrome drastically reducing efficacy of chemotherapy and life expectancy of patients. CAC affects up to 80% of cancer patients, yet the mechanisms underlying the disease are not well understood and no approved disease-specific medication exists. As a multiorgan disorder, CAC can only be studied on an organismal level. To cover the diverse aetiologies of CAC, researchers rely on the availability of a multifaceted pool of cancer models with varying degrees of cachexia symptoms. So far, no tumour model syngeneic to C57BL/6 mice exists that allows direct comparison between cachexigenic- and non-cachexigenic tumours. METHODS MCA207 and CHX207 fibrosarcoma cells were intramuscularly implanted into male or female, 10-11-week-old C57BL/6J mice. Tumour tissues were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging, immunohistochemical-, and transcriptomic analysis. Mice were analysed for tumour growth, body weight and -composition, food- and water intake, locomotor activity, O2 consumption, CO2 production, circulating blood cells, metabolites, and tumourkines. Mice were sacrificed with same tumour weights in all groups. Adipose tissues were examined using high-resolution respirometry, lipolysis measurements in vitro and ex vivo, and radioactive tracer studies in vivo. Gene expression was determined in adipose- and muscle tissues by quantitative PCR and Western blotting analyses. Muscles and cultured myotubes were analysed histologically and by immunofluorescence microscopy for myofibre cross sectional area and myofibre diameter, respectively. Interleukin-6 (Il-6) was deleted from cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. RESULTS CHX207, but not MCA207-tumour-bearing mice exhibited major clinical features of CAC, including systemic inflammation, increased plasma IL-6 concentrations (190 pg/mL, P ≤ 0.0001), increased energy expenditure (+28%, P ≤ 0.01), adipose tissue loss (-47%, P ≤ 0.0001), skeletal muscle wasting (-18%, P ≤ 0.001), and body weight reduction (-13%, P ≤ 0.01) 13 days after cancer cell inoculation. Adipose tissue loss resulted from reduced lipid uptake and -synthesis combined with increased lipolysis but was not associated with elevated beta-adrenergic signalling or adipose tissue browning. Muscle atrophy was evident by reduced myofibre cross sectional area (-21.8%, P ≤ 0.001), increased catabolic- and reduced anabolic signalling. Deletion of IL-6 from CHX207 cancer cells completely protected CHX207IL6KO -tumour-bearing mice from CAC. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we present CHX207 fibrosarcoma cells as a novel tool to investigate the mediators and metabolic consequences of CAC in C57BL/6 mice in comparison to non-cachectic MCA207-tumour-bearing mice. IL-6 represents an essential trigger for CAC development in CHX207-tumour-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Feiler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Diwoky
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul W Vesely
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Margret Paar
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu Y, Li D, Huang Y, Sun Y, Zhou H, Ye F, Yang H, Xu T, Quan S, Pan J. Pretreatment with Eupatilin Attenuates Inflammation and Coagulation in Sepsis by Suppressing JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1027-1042. [PMID: 36926276 PMCID: PMC10013575 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s393850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sepsis is an aggressive and life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by infection. Excessive inflammation and coagulation contribute to the negative outcomes for sepsis, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we explored whether Eupatilin could alleviate lung injury, reduce inflammation and coagulation during sepsis. Methods We constructed an in vitro sepsis model by stimulating RAW264.7 cells with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 hours. The cells were divided into control group, LPS group, LPS+ Eupatilin (Eup) group, and Eup group to detect their cell activity and inflammatory cytokines and coagulation factor levels. Cells in LPS+Eup and Eup group were pretreated with Eupatilin (10μM) for 2 hours. In vivo, mice were divided into sham operation group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group and Eup group. Mice in the CLP and Eup groups were pretreated with Eupatilin (10mg/kg) for 2 hours by gavage. Lung tissue and plasma were collected and inflammatory cytokines, coagulation factors and signaling were measured. Results In vitro, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tissue factor (TF) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was downregulated by Eupatilin (10μM). Furthermore, Eupatilin inhibited phosphorylation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and suppressed p-STAT3 nuclear translocation. In vivo, Eupatilin increased the survival rate of the mice. In septic mice, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as TF, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and fibrinogen were improved by Eupatilin. Moreover, Eupatilin alleviated lung injury by improving the expression of inflammatory cytokines and TF, fibrin deposition and macrophage infiltration in lung tissue. Conclusion Our results revealed that Eupatilin may modulate inflammation and coagulation indicators as well as improve lung injury in sepsis via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanrong Ye
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjing Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Quan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligence Medical Education, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligence Medical Education, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang B, Lang X, Li X. The role of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023177. [PMID: 36591515 PMCID: PMC9800921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation. It can activate janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. As one of the important signal transduction pathways in cells, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation by affecting the activation state of downstream effector molecules. The activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in tumorigenesis and development. It contributes to the formation of tumor inflammatory microenvironment and is closely related to the occurrence and development of many human tumors. This article focuses on the relationship between IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer, hoping to provide references for the research of cancer treatment targeting key molecules in IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Lang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Lang, ; Xihong Li,
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Lang, ; Xihong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fan M, Gu X, Zhang W, Shen Q, Zhang R, Fang Q, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhang X, Liu X. Atractylenolide I ameliorates cancer cachexia through inhibiting biogenesis of IL-6 and tumour-derived extracellular vesicles. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2724-2739. [PMID: 36085573 PMCID: PMC9745491 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atractylenolide I (AI) is a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, known as Baizhu in traditional Chinese medicine. AI has been found to ameliorate cancer cachexia in clinic cancer patients and in tumour-bearing mice. Here, we checked the influence of AI on biogenesis of IL-6 and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer cachexia mice and then focused on studying mechanisms of AI in inhibiting the production of tumour-derived EVs, which contribute to the ameliorating effects of AI on cancer cachexia. METHODS C26 tumour-bearing BALB/c mice were applied as animal model to examine the effects of AI (25 mg/kg) in attenuating cachexia symptoms, serum IL-6 and EVs levels. IL-6 and EVs secretion of C26 tumour cells treated with AI (0.31-5 μM) was further observed in vitro. The in vitro cultured C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes were used to check the potency of conditioned medium of C26 cells treated with AI (0.625-5 μM) in inducing muscle atrophy and lipolysis. The glycolysis potency of C26 cells under AI (0.31-5 μM) treatment was evaluated by measuring the extracellular acidification rate using Seahorse XFe96 Analyser. Levels of related signal proteins in both in vitro and in vivo experiments were examined using western blotting to study the possible mechanisms. STAT3 overexpression or knockout C26 cells were also used to confirm the effects of AI (5 μM). RESULTS AI ameliorated cancer cachexia symptoms (P < 0.05), improved grip strength (P < 0.05) and decreased serum EVs (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P < 0.05) levels of C26 tumour-bearing mice. AI directly inhibited EVs biogenesis (P < 0.001) and IL-6 secretion (P < 0.01) of cultured C26 cells. The potency of C26 medium in inducing C2C12 myotube atrophy (+59.54%, P < 0.001) and 3T3-L1 adipocyte lipolysis (+20.73%, P < 0.05) was significantly attenuated when C26 cells were treated with AI. AI treatment inhibited aerobic glycolysis and the pathway of STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 in C26 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of STAT3 partly antagonized the effects of AI in suppressing STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 pathway, EVs secretion, glycolysis and the potency of C26 medium in inducing muscle atrophy and lipolysis, whereas knockout of STAT3 enhanced the inhibitory effect of AI on these values. The inhibition of AI on STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 pathway was also observed in C26 tumour tissues. CONCLUSIONS AI ameliorates cancer cachexia by decreasing the production of IL-6 and EVs of tumour cells. The decreasing effects of AI on EVs biogenesis are based on its inhibition on STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyu Fang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongwen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wijaya YT, Setiawan T, Sari IN, Park K, Lee CH, Cho KW, Lee YK, Lim JY, Yoon JK, Lee SH, Kwon HY. Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates muscle wasting by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:3149-3162. [PMID: 36127129 PMCID: PMC9745546 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of some drugs, aging, cancers, and other diseases can cause muscle wasting. Currently, there are no effective drugs for treating muscle wasting. In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rd (GRd) on muscle wasting were studied. METHODS Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced myotube atrophy in mouse C2C12 and human skeletal myoblasts (HSkM) was evaluated based on cell thickness. Atrophy-related signalling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial number were assessed. GRd (10 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to aged mice (23-24 months old) and tumour-bearing (Lewis lung carcinoma [LLC1] or CT26) mice for 5 weeks and 16 days, respectively. Body weight, grip strength, inverted hanging time, and muscle weight were assessed. Histological analysis was also performed to assess the effects of GRd. The evolutionary chemical binding similarity (ECBS) approach, molecular docking, Biacore assay, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 reporter assay were used to identify targets of GRd. RESULTS GRd significantly induced hypertrophy in the C2C12 and HSkM myotubes (average diameter 50.8 ± 2.6% and 49.9% ± 3.7% higher at 100 nM, vs. control, P ≤ 0.001). GRd treatment ameliorated aging- and cancer-induced (LLC1 or CT26) muscle atrophy in mice, which was evidenced by significant increases in grip strength, hanging time, muscle mass, and muscle tissue cross-sectional area (1.3-fold to 4.6-fold, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). STAT3 was found to be a possible target of GRd by the ECBS approach and molecular docking assay. Validation of direct interaction between GRd and STAT3 was confirmed through Biacore analysis. GRd also inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 reporter activity, which led to the inhibition of STAT3 nuclear translocation and the suppression of downstream targets of STAT3, such as atrogin-1, muscle-specific RING finger protein (MuRF-1), and myostatin (MSTN) (29.0 ± 11.2% to 84.3 ± 30.5%, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). Additionally, GRd scavenged ROS (91.7 ± 1.4% reduction at 1 nM, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.001), inhibited TNF-α-induced dysregulation of ROS level, and improved mitochondrial integrity (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS GRd ameliorates aging- and cancer-induced muscle wasting. Our findings suggest that GRd may be a novel therapeutic agent or adjuvant for reversing muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tania Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hwan Lee
- Liver Clinic, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim HG, Huot JR, Pin F, Belcher DJ, Bonetto A, Nader GA. Metastatic or xenograft colorectal cancer models induce divergent anabolic deficits and expression of pro-inflammatory effectors of muscle wasting in a tumor-type-dependent manner. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1273-1283. [PMID: 36201323 PMCID: PMC9678410 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00247.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of tumor burden on muscle wasting in metastatic (m) and xenograft (x) models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Male Nod SCID γ and CD2F1 mice were injected subcutaneously or intrasplenically with HCT116 or C26 tumor cells, respectively. CRC tumors resulted in significant muscle wasting regardless of tumor type or model, although muscle loss was exacerbated in mHCT116 hosts. The mHCT116 model decreased ribosomal (r)RNA content and rDNA transcription, whereas the mC26 model showed no loss of rRNA and the upregulation of rDNA transcription. The xHCT116 model reduced mTOR, RPS6, and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, whereas the mHCT116 model had a similar effect on RPS6 and 4E-BP1 without altering mTOR phosphorylation. The C26 models caused a reduction in 4E-BP1 phosphorylation independent of mTOR. Muscle interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA was elevated in all models except xHCT116, and the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) mRNA was induced only in the mC26 model. IL-1β mRNA increased in all groups with greater expression in metastatic relative to the xenograft model regardless of tumor types. Our findings indicate that HCT116 tumor burden results in more drastic muscle wasting and anabolic deficits, whereas C26 tumor burden causes similar muscle wasting but exhibits a divergent proinflammatory phenotype. These results highlight potentially important divergence in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting among preclinical models of CRC and demonstrate that tumor burden plays a role in determining anabolic deficits and the expression of proinflammatory effectors of muscle wasting in a tumor-type-dependent manner.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide evidence demonstrating that colorectal tumor burden plays a role in determining anabolic deficits and the expression of proinflammatory effectors of muscle wasting in a tumor-type-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Gun Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua R Huot
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Daniel J Belcher
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Multi-omics profiling reveals Chitinase-3-like protein 1 as a key mediator in the crosstalk between sarcopenia and liver cancer. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102538. [PMID: 36417796 PMCID: PMC9682348 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and can adversely affect their outcomes. This study aims to explore the key mechanisms in the crosstalk between sarcopenia and HCC based on multi-omics profiling. A total of 136 male patients with HCC were enrolled. Sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes after liver transplantation (p < 0.05). Inflammatory cytokine and metabolomic profiling on these patients identified elevated plasma sTNF-R1/CHI3L1 and dysregulated lipid metabolism as related to sarcopenia and tumor recurrence risk concurrently (p < 0.05). Integrated analysis revealed close relationship between CHI3L1 and fatty acid metabolism. In mouse cachectic models by intraperitoneal injection of H22 cells, CHI3L1 was significantly elevated in the atrophic muscle tissue, as well as in circulation. In-vitro, CHI3L1 was up-regulated in muscle cells to protect itself from inflammatory damage through TNF-α/TNF-R1 signaling. CHI3L1 secreted by the muscle cells promoted the invasion of co-cultured HCC cells. Tumor tissue transcriptome data for 73 out of the 136 patients revealed that CHI3L1 may regulate fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress. In vitro, CHI3L1 caused ROS and lipid accumulation. Targeted lipid profiling further proved that CHI3L1 was able to activate arachidonic acid metabolism, leading to lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation. Meanwhile, LPO inhibition could compromise the remarkable pro-cancerous effects of CHI3L1. In conclusion, sarcopenia adversely affects the outcomes of liver transplantation for HCC. In sarcopenic patients, CHI3L1 was up-regulated and secreted by the skeletal muscle to protect itself through TNF-α/TNF-R1 signaling, which, in turn, can promote HCC tumor progression by inducing LPO accumulation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mannelli M, Gamberi T, Garella R, Magherini F, Squecco R, Fiaschi T. Pyruvate prevents the onset of the cachectic features and metabolic alterations in myotubes downregulating
STAT3
signaling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22598. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200848r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Francesca Magherini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jengelley DHA, Wang M, Narasimhan A, Rupert JE, Young AR, Zhong X, Horan DJ, Robling AG, Koniaris LG, Zimmers TA. Exogenous Oncostatin M induces Cardiac Dysfunction, Musculoskeletal Atrophy, and Fibrosis. Cytokine 2022; 159:155972. [PMID: 36054964 PMCID: PMC10468097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cachexia, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis impair overall physical health and reduce survival. Patients suffer from pain, dysfunction, and dysmobility due to inflammation and fibrosis in bones, muscles, and joints, both locally and systemically. The Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines, most notably IL-6, is implicated in musculoskeletal disorders and cachexia. Here we show elevated circulating levels of OSM in murine pancreatic cancer cachexia and evaluate the effects of the IL-6 family member, Oncostatin M (OSM), on muscle and bone using adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated over-expression of murine OSM in wildtype and IL-6 deficient mice. Initial studies with high titer AAV-OSM injection yielded high circulating OSM and IL-6, thrombocytosis, inflammation, and 60% mortality without muscle loss within 4 days. Subsequently, to mimic OSM levels in cachexia, a lower titer of AAV-OSM was used in wildtype and Il6 null mice, observing effects out to 4 weeks and 12 weeks. AAV-OSM caused muscle atrophy and fibrosis in the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and quadriceps of the injected limb, but these effects were not observed on the non-injected side. In contrast, OSM induced both local and distant trabecular bone loss as shown by reduced bone volume, trabecular number, and thickness, and increased trabecular separation. OSM caused cardiac dysfunction including reduced ejection fraction and reduced fractional shortening. RNA-sequencing of cardiac muscle revealed upregulation of genes related to inflammation and fibrosis. None of these effects were different in IL-6 knockout mice. Thus, OSM induces local muscle atrophy, systemic bone loss, tissue fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction independently of IL-6, suggesting a role for OSM in musculoskeletal conditions with these characteristics, including cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daenique H A Jengelley
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Meijing Wang
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ashok Narasimhan
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joseph E Rupert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew R Young
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leonidas G Koniaris
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa A Zimmers
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wei L, Wang R, Wazir J, Lin K, Song S, Li L, Pu W, Zhao C, Wang Y, Su Z, Wang H. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose Alleviates Cancer Cachexia-Induced Muscle Wasting by Enhancing Ketone Metabolism and Inhibiting the Cori Cycle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192987. [PMID: 36230949 PMCID: PMC9562633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is characterized by progressive weight loss accompanied by the loss of specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Increased lactate production, either due to the Warburg effect from tumors or accelerated glycolysis effects from cachectic muscle, is the most dangerous factor for cancer cachexia. This study aimed to explore the efficiency of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) in blocking Cori cycle activity and its therapeutic effect on cachexia-associated muscle wasting. A C26 adenocarcinoma xenograft model was used to study cancer cachectic metabolic derangements. Tumor-free lean mass, hindlimb muscle morphology, and fiber-type composition were measured after in vivo 2-DG administration. Activation of the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway (UPS) and autophagic–lysosomal pathway (ALP) was further assessed. The cachectic skeletal muscles of tumor-bearing mice exhibited altered glucose and lipid metabolism, decreased carbohydrate utilization, and increased lipid β-oxidation. Significantly increased gluconeogenesis and decreased ketogenesis were observed in cachectic mouse livers. 2-DG significantly ameliorated cancer cachexia-associated muscle wasting and decreased cachectic-associated lean mass levels and fiber cross-sectional areas. 2-DG inhibited protein degradation-associated UPS and ALP, increased ketogenesis in the liver, and promoted ketone metabolism in skeletal muscle, thus enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity. 2-DG effectively prevents muscle wasting by increasing ATP synthesis efficiency via the ketone metabolic pathway and blocking the abnormal Cori cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wei
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kai Lin
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Li
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenyuan Pu
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (H.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferrara M, Samaden M, Ruggieri E, Vénéreau E. Cancer cachexia as a multiorgan failure: Reconstruction of the crime scene. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:960341. [PMID: 36158184 PMCID: PMC9493094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.960341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a devastating syndrome associated with the end-stage of several diseases, including cancer, and characterized by body weight loss and severe muscle and adipose tissue wasting. Although different cancer types are affected to diverse extents by cachexia, about 80% of all cancer patients experience this comorbidity, which highly reduces quality of life and response to therapy, and worsens prognosis, accounting for more than 25% of all cancer deaths. Cachexia represents an urgent medical need because, despite several molecular mechanisms have been identified, no effective therapy is currently available for this devastating syndrome. Most studies focus on skeletal muscle, which is indeed the main affected and clinically relevant organ, but cancer cachexia is characterized by a multiorgan failure. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on the multiple tissues affected by cachexia and on the biomarkers with the attempt to define a chronological pathway, which might be useful for the early identification of patients who will undergo cachexia. Indeed, it is likely that the inefficiency of current therapies might be attributed, at least in part, to their administration in patients at the late stages of cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ferrara
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Samaden
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ruggieri
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilie Vénéreau
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Long S, Ji S, Xue P, Xie H, Ma Y, Zhu S. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis reveal insights into the molecular mechanism of shiliao decoction in the treatment of cancer-associated malnutrition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:985991. [PMID: 36091226 PMCID: PMC9452828 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.985991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeShiliao Decoction (SLD) was developed for treatment and prevention of cancer-associated malnutrition (CAM) in China. In this study, we aim to discover SLD’s active compounds and demonstrate the mechanisms of SLD that combat CAM through network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.MethodsAll components of SLD were retrieved from the pharmacology database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP). The GeneCards database and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database (OMIM) were used to identify gene encoding target compounds, and Cytoscape was used to construct the drug compound–target network. The network of target protein-protein interactions (PPI) was constructed using the STRING database, while gene ontology (GO) functional terms and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with potential targets were analyzed using a program in R language (version 4.2.0). Core genes linked with survival and the tumor microenvironment were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier plotter and TIMER 2.0 databases, respectively. Protein expression and transcriptome expression levels of core gene were viewed using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A component-target-pathway (C-T-P) network was created using Cytoscape, and Autodock Vina software was used to verify the molecular docking of SLD components and key targets.ResultsThe assembled compound–target network primarily contained 134 compounds and 147 targets of the SLD associated with JUN, TP53, MAPK3, MAPK1, MAPK14, STAT3, AKT1, HSP90AA1, FOS, and MYC, which were identified as core targets by the PPI network. KEGG pathway analysis revealed pathways involved in lipid and atherosclerosis, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and immune-related pathways among others. JUN is expressed at different levels in normal and cancerous tissues, it is closely associated with the recruitment of different immune cells and has been shown to have a significant impact on prognosis. The C-T-P network suggests that the active component of SLD is capable of regulating target genes affecting these related pathways. Finally, the reliability of the core targets was evaluated using molecular docking technology.ConclusionThis study revealed insights into SLD’s active components, potential targets, and possible molecular mechanisms, thereby demonstrating a potential method for examining the scientific basis and therapeutic mechanisms of TCM formulae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Long
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Medical Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ji
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Medical Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongting Xie
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjie Ma
- Medical Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yinjie Ma,
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Medical Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shijie Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhong X, Narasimhan A, Silverman LM, Young AR, Shahda S, Liu S, Wan J, Liu Y, Koniaris LG, Zimmers TA. Sex specificity of pancreatic cancer cachexia phenotypes, mechanisms, and treatment in mice and humans: role of Activin. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2146-2161. [PMID: 35510530 PMCID: PMC9397557 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is frequent, deadly, and untreatable for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The reproductive hormone and cytokine Activin is a mediator of PDAC cachexia, and Activin receptor targeting was clinically tested for cancer cachexia therapy. However, sex-specific manifestations and mechanisms are poorly understood, constraining development of effective treatments. METHODS Cachexia phenotypes, muscle gene/protein expression, and effects of the Activin blocker ACVR2B/Fc were assessed in LSL-KrasG12D/+ , LSL-Trp53R172H/+ , and Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mice with autochthonic PDAC. Effects of PDAC and sex hormones were modelled by treating C2C12 myotubes with KPC-cell conditioned medium (CM) and estradiol. Muscle gene expression by RNAseq and change in muscle from serial CT scans were measured in patients with PDAC. RESULTS Despite equivalent tumour latency (median 17 weeks) and mortality (24.5 weeks), male KPC mice showed earlier and more severe cachexia than females. In early PDAC, male gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior muscles were reduced (-21.7%, -18.9%, and -20.8%, respectively, all P < 0.001), with only gastrocnemius reduced in females (-16%, P < 0.01). Sex differences disappeared in late PDAC. Plasma Activin A was similarly elevated between sexes throughout, while oestrogen and testosterone levels suggested a virilizing effect of PDAC in females. Estradiol partially protected myotubes from KPC-CM induced atrophy and promoted expression of the potential Activin inhibitor Fstl1. Early-stage female mice showed greater muscle expression of Activin inhibitors Fst, Fstl1, and Fstl3; this sex difference disappeared by late-stage PDAC. ACVR2B/Fc initiated in early PDAC preserved muscle and fat only in male KPC mice, with increases of 41.2%, 52.6%, 39.3%, and 348.8%, respectively, in gastrocnemius, quadriceps, tibialis, and fat pad weights vs. vehicle controls, without effect on tumour. No protection was observed in females. At protein and RNA levels, pro-atrophy pathways were induced more strongly in early-stage males, with sex differences less evident in late-stage disease. As with mass, ACVR2B/Fc blunted atrophy-associated pathways only in males. In patients with resectable PDAC, muscle expression of Activin inhibitors FSTL1, FSLT3, and WFIKKN2/GASP2 were higher in women than men. Overall, among 124 patients on first-line gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for PDAC, only men displayed muscle loss (P < 0.001); average muscle wasting in men was greater (-6.63 ± 10.70% vs. -1.62 ± 12.00% mean ± SD, P = 0.038) and more rapid (-0.0098 ± 0.0742%/day vs. -0.0466 ± 0.1066%/day, P = 0.017) than in women. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cachexia displays sex-specific phenotypes in mice and humans, with Activin a preferential driver of muscle wasting in males. Sex is a major modulator of cachexia mechanisms. Consideration of sexual dimorphism is essential for discovery and development of effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Ashok Narasimhan
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | | | - Andrew R. Young
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Safi Shahda
- Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
McGovern J, Dolan RD, Skipworth RJ, Laird BJ, McMillan DC. Cancer cachexia: a nutritional or a systemic inflammatory syndrome? Br J Cancer 2022; 127:379-382. [PMID: 35523879 PMCID: PMC9073809 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia has long been perceived as a nutritional syndrome. However, nutritional interventions have continued to be ineffective. With the recent recognition of the importance of systemic inflammation in the definition of this syndrome and treatment, has the time come to consider whether this syndrome is primarily a manifestation of systemic inflammation with the consequent implications for future treatment?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh McGovern
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ross D. Dolan
- grid.411714.60000 0000 9825 7840Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard J. Skipworth
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Institute of Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barry J. Laird
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Institute of Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ,St Columba’s Hospice, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donald C. McMillan
- grid.411714.60000 0000 9825 7840Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao K, Li X, Zhang M, Tong F, Chen H, Wang X, Xiu N, Liu Z, Wang Y. microRNA-181a Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammatory Reaction in a Rat Model of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness by Inhibiting IGFBP5 Expression. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:553-564. [PMID: 35472240 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated mechanisms by which microRNA (miR)-181a orchestrates mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in a rat model of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Expression of miR-181a and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) was detected and then miR-181a was overexpressed or inhibited and IGFBP5 was overexpressed in the ICU-AW rats. The expression of UCP-3, metaphase chromosome protein 1 (MCP1), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), inflammatory factors, phosphorylation (p)-JAK1, p-STAT1, and p-STAT2 were measured in skeletal muscle tissues; binding of miR-181a to IGFBP5 was evaluated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results demonstrated high expression of miR-181a and low expression of IGFBP5 in ICU-AW versus control rats; IGFBP5 was identified as a target gene of miR-181a. Further experiments demonstrated that ICU-AW rats suffered from marked loss of grip strength and decreased adenosine triphosphate production, mtDNA content, and UCP-3 mRNA expression in skeletal muscles; this was accompanied by elevated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP1, p-JAK1, p-STAT1, and p-STAT2 levels. Importantly, miR-181a suppression alleviated strength loss, inflammatory reaction, and mitochondrial dysfunction and diminished the phosphorylation levels of JAK1, STAT1, and STAT2 whereas IGFBP5 upregulation rescued the effect of miR-181a overexpression in ICU-AW rats. These results indicate that miR-181a promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation by activating the JAK/STAT pathway via IGFBP5 in ICU-AW model rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Fei Tong
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Nan Xiu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhikuan Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China (YW)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cancer- and cardiac-induced cachexia: same fate through different inflammatory mediators? Inflamm Res 2022; 71:771-783. [PMID: 35680678 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is widely recognized as the driving force of cachexia induced by chronic diseases; however, therapies targeting inflammation do not always reverse cachexia. Thus, whether inflammation per se plays an important role in the clinical course of cachectic patients is still a matter of debate. AIMS To give new insights into cachexia's pathogenesis and diagnosis, we performed a comprehensive literature search on the contribution of inflammatory markers to this syndrome, focusing on the noncommunicable diseases cancer and cardiovascular diseases. METHODS A systematic review was performed in PubMed using the keywords ("cancer" OR "cardiac" cachexia AND "human" OR "patient" AND "plasma" or "serum"). A total of 744 studies were retrieved and, from these, 206 were selected for full-text screening. In the end, 98 papers focusing on circulating biomarkers of cachexia were identified, which resulted in a list of 113 different mediators. RESULTS Data collected from the literature highlight the contribution of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to cachexia, independently of the underlying condition. Despite not being specific, once the diagnosis of cachexia is established, CRP might help to monitor the effectiveness of anti-cachexia therapies. In cardiac diseases, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), renin, and obestatin might be putative markers of body wasting, whereas in cancer, growth differentiation factor (GDF) 15, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) C seem to be better markers of this syndrome. Independently of the circulating mediators, NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways play a key role in bridging inflammation with muscle wasting; however, therapies targeting these pathways were not proven effective for all cachectic patients. CONCLUSION The critical and integrative analysis performed herein will certainly feed future research focused on the better comprehension of cachexia pathogenesis toward the improvement of its diagnosis and the development of personalized therapies targeting specific cachexia phenotypes.
Collapse
|
41
|
Growth differentiation factor 11 induces skeletal muscle atrophy via a STAT3-dependent mechanism in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:10. [PMID: 35524286 PMCID: PMC9074369 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a clinically remarkable phenotypic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that increases the risk of mortality. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), centrally involved in PAH pathogenesis, has an inhibitory effect on skeletal muscle growth in other conditions. However, whether GDF11 is involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle wasting in PAH remains unknown. We showed that serum GDF11 levels in patients were increased following PAH. Skeletal muscle wasting in the MCT-treated PAH model is accompanied by an increase in circulating GDF11 levels and local catabolic markers (Fbx32, Trim63, Foxo1, and protease activity). In vitro GDF11 activated phosphorylation of STAT3. Antagonizing STAT3, with Stattic, in vitro and in vivo, could partially reverse proteolytic pathways including STAT3/socs3 and iNOS/NO in GDF11-meditated muscle wasting. Our findings demonstrate that GDF11 contributes to muscle wasting and the inhibition of its downstream molecule STAT3 shows promise as a therapeutic intervention by which muscle atrophy may be directly prevented in PAH.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kotlińska-Lemieszek A, Żylicz Z. Less Well-Known Consequences of the Long-Term Use of Opioid Analgesics: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:251-264. [PMID: 35082488 PMCID: PMC8784970 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s342409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effects of short-term opioid analgesics are well known and acknowledged; however, the spectrum of the sequelae of long-term use seems less clear. Some effects may remain undetected but still have the potential to cause harm and reduce patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on the adverse effects of long-term opioid therapy. METHODS We performed a quasi-systematic search, analyzing articles published in the MEDLINE database between January 2000 and March 2021 that identified adverse effects of opioids used for chronic pain treatment. RESULTS Growing evidence indicates that there are multiple serious adverse effects of opioid treatment. Long-term opioid use may have significant effects on the endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neural systems. Studies show that long-term opioid treatment increases the risk of fractures, infections, cardiovascular complications, sleep-disordered breathing, bowel dysfunction, overdose, and mortality. Opioids may potentially affect cancer development. Most consequences of the long-term use of opioids have been identified in studies of patients with non-malignant pain. CONCLUSION Studies indicate that long-term use of opioids increases the risk of drug-related events in a significant number of patients. Clinicians should be aware of these complications associated with prescribing opioids, discuss them with patients, prevent complications, if possible, and diagnose them early and manage adequately. More human studies are needed to assess the risk, including trials with individual opioids, because they have different adverse effect profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kotlińska-Lemieszek
- Chair and Department of Palliative Medicine, Pharmacotherapy in Palliative Care Laboratory, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Heliodor Święcicki University Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Żylicz
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang R, Song Y, Shakoor K, Yi W, Peng C, Liu S. Insights into the role of STAT3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:171. [PMID: 35302174 PMCID: PMC8971913 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a primary malignant liver tumour whose incidence is second only to that of hepatocellular carcinoma. ICC is a highly heterogeneous disease arising from neoplastic transformation of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), and it is characterized by a very poor prognosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important oncogene that is widely expressed in numerous cancers. STAT3 is a candidate target for the treatment of ICC. However, studies on STAT3 and the occurrence and development of ICC require improvements. Therefore, the present review summarized the mechanism of STAT3 in ICC and provided a theoretical basis for STAT3 to become an effective target for determining the prognosis and treatment of ICC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranzhiqiang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Kashif Shakoor
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mangano GD, Fouani M, D’Amico D, Di Felice V, Barone R. Cancer-Related Cachexia: The Vicious Circle between Inflammatory Cytokines, Skeletal Muscle, Lipid Metabolism and the Possible Role of Physical Training. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063004. [PMID: 35328423 PMCID: PMC8949960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial and multi-organ syndrome that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in late-stage chronic diseases. The main clinical features of cancer-related cachexia are chronic inflammation, wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, insulin resistance, anorexia, and impaired myogenesis. A multimodal treatment has been suggested to approach the multifactorial genesis of cachexia. In this context, physical exercise has been found to have a general effect on maintaining homeostasis in a healthy life, involving multiple organs and their metabolism. The purpose of this review is to present the evidence for the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, skeletal muscle, and fat metabolism and the potential role of exercise training in breaking the vicious circle of this impaired tissue cross-talk. Due to the wide-ranging effects of exercise training, from the body to the behavior and cognition of the individual, it seems to be able to improve the quality of life in this syndrome. Therefore, studying the molecular effects of physical exercise could provide important information about the interactions between organs and the systemic mediators involved in the overall homeostasis of the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Donato Mangano
- Correspondence: (G.D.M.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-09-1238-65823 (G.D.M.); +39-09-1238-65823 (R.B.)
| | | | | | | | - Rosario Barone
- Correspondence: (G.D.M.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-09-1238-65823 (G.D.M.); +39-09-1238-65823 (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fan M, Sun W, Gu X, Lu S, Shen Q, Liu X, Zhang X. The critical role of STAT3 in biogenesis of tumor-derived exosomes with potency of inducing cancer cachexia in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene 2022; 41:1050-1062. [PMID: 35034093 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are emerging mediators of cancer cachexia. Clarifying the regulation of exosome biogenesis and finding possible targets for cancer cachexia therapy are important and necessary. In the present study, systemic analysis of the roles of STAT3 in controlling exosome biogenesis of murine C26 colon tumor cells and its contribution to the development of cancer cachexia is conducted. The genetic manipulation of STAT3 expression, STAT3 knockout (KO) or overexpression (OE), significantly affected the exosome biogenesis and also the potency of C26 conditioned medium (CM) in inducing muscle atrophy and lipolysis in vitro. The genetic manipulation of STAT3 expression caused change in phosphorylation of PKM2 and glycolysis. PKM2/SNAP23 pathway was involved in regulation of exosome biogenesis by STAT3 genetic manipulation as well as by STAT3 inhibitors in C26 cells. Mice inoculated with STAT3 knockout or overexpression C26 cells exhibited ameliorated or aggravated cancer cachexia symptoms, with a positive correlation with the serum exosome and IL-6 levels. The STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 pathway was affected in C26 tumor tissues with genetic manipulation of STAT3 expression. The capacity of exosome biogenesis of different human cancer cells also exhibited a positive correlation with the activation of STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 pathway. The research presented here confirms that STAT3 plays a critical role in regulating biogenesis of tumor-derived exosomes which could contribute to cancer cachexia development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikuan Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiongwen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bile Acid Dysregulation Is Intrinsically Related to Cachexia in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246389. [PMID: 34945009 PMCID: PMC8699129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cachexia is considered a multi-organ syndrome. An improved understanding of how circulating molecules can affect tissues and mediate their crosstalk in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia is emerging. Considering the various actions of bile acids on host metabolism and immunity, they could represent innovative targets in cancer cachexia. In this study, we investigated how bile acids could contribute to this syndrome by assessing the bile flow, by comparing the impact on bile acid pathways of cachexia-inducing and non-cachexia-inducing cell sublines, and by investigating the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, a choleretic compound, in cachectic mice. Altogether, our analyses strengthen the importance of bile acids and their receptors as key players in the metabolic disorders associated with cancer, thereby laying the foundation for new therapeutic opportunities. Abstract Bile acids exert diverse actions on host metabolism and immunity through bile acid-activated receptors, including Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). We have recently evidenced an alteration in bile acids in cancer cachexia, an inflammatory and metabolic syndrome contributing to cancer death. This current study aims to further explore the links emerging between bile acids and cancer cachexia. First, we showed that bile flow is reduced in cachectic mice. Next, comparing mice inoculated with cachexia-inducing and with non-cachexia-inducing C26 colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that alterations in the bile acid pathways and profile are directly associated with cachexia. Finally, we performed an interventional study using ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a compound commonly used in hepatobiliary disorders, to induce bile acid secretion and decrease inflammation. We found that UDCA does not improve hepatic inflammation and worsens muscle atrophy in cachectic mice. This exacerbation of the cachectic phenotype upon UDCA was accompanied by a decreased TGR5 activity, suggesting that TGR5 agonists, known to reduce inflammation in several pathological conditions, could potentially counteract cachectic features. This work brings to light major evidence sustaining the emerging links between bile acids and cancer cachexia and reinforces the interest in studying bile acid-activated receptors in this context.
Collapse
|
47
|
Neganova M, Liu J, Aleksandrova Y, Klochkov S, Fan R. Therapeutic Influence on Important Targets Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6062. [PMID: 34885171 PMCID: PMC8657135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the interconnected pathological processes, which lead to cancer initiation and progression. The growing level of oxidative and inflammatory damage was shown to increase cancer severity and contribute to tumor spread. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the reduced capacity of the endogenous cell defense mechanisms and/or metabolic imbalance, is the main contributor to oxidative stress. An abnormal level of ROS was defined as a predisposing factor for the cell transformation that could trigger pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, induce changes in gene expression, and facilitate accumulation of mutations, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Additionally, the activation of transcription factors caused by a prolonged oxidative stress, including NF-κB, p53, HIF1α, etc., leads to the expression of several genes responsible for inflammation. The resulting hyperactivation of inflammatory mediators, including TNFα, TGF-β, interleukins, and prostaglandins can contribute to the development of neoplasia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to trigger adaptive reactions and the acquisition of resistance by tumor cells to apoptosis, while promoting proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory response leads to the excessive production of free radicals, which further aggravate the initiated reactions. This review summarizes the recent data and progress in the discovery of mechanisms that associate oxidative stress and chronic inflammation with cancer onset and metastasis. In addition, the review provides insights for the development of therapeutic approaches and the discovery of natural substances that will be able to simultaneously inhibit several key oncological and inflammation-related targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Neganova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Sergey Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Stott Bond NL, Dréau D, Marriott I, Bennett JM, Turner MJ, Arthur ST, Marino JS. Low-Dose Metformin as a Monotherapy Does Not Reduce Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Burden in Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111685. [PMID: 34829914 PMCID: PMC8615566 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up 80-85% of lung cancer diagnoses. Lung cancer patients undergo surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Chemotherapy and radiation can induce deleterious systemic side effects, particularly within skeletal muscle. To determine whether metformin reduces NSCLC tumor burden while maintaining skeletal muscle health, C57BL/6J mice were injected with Lewis lung cancer (LL/2), containing a bioluminescent reporter for in vivo tracking, into the left lung. Control and metformin (250 mg/kg) groups received treatments twice weekly. Skeletal muscle was analyzed for changes in genes and proteins related to inflammation, muscle mass, and metabolism. The LL/2 model effectively mimics lung cancer growth and tumor burden. The in vivo data indicate that metformin as administered was not associated with significant improvement in tumor burden in this immunocompetent NSCLC model. Additionally, metformin was not associated with significant changes in key tumor cell division and inflammation markers, or improved skeletal muscle health. Metformin treatment, while exhibiting anti-neoplastic characteristics in many cancers, appears not to be an appropriate monotherapy for NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Future studies should pursue co-treatment modalities, with metformin as a potentially supportive drug rather than a monotherapy to mitigate cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Stott Bond
- Distance Education, Technology and Integration, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA 30597, USA;
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (D.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (D.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Jeanette M. Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Michael J. Turner
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Joseph S. Marino
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Human Brown Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health: Potential for Therapeutic Avenues. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113030. [PMID: 34831253 PMCID: PMC8616549 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities comprise a cluster of conditions including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases that has affected more than 650 million people all over the globe. Obesity results from the accumulation of white adipose tissues mainly due to the chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. A variety of approaches to treat or prevent obesity, including lifestyle interventions, surgical weight loss procedures and pharmacological approaches to reduce energy intake and increase energy expenditure have failed to substantially decrease the prevalence of obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), the primary source of thermogenesis in infants and small mammals may represent a promising therapeutic target to treat obesity by promoting energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Since the confirmation of functional BAT in adult humans by several groups, approximately a decade ago, and its association with a favorable metabolic phenotype, intense interest on the significance of BAT in adult human physiology and metabolic health has emerged within the scientific community to explore its therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. A substantially decreased BAT activity in individuals with obesity indicates a role for BAT in the setting of human obesity. On the other hand, BAT mass and its prevalence correlate with lower body mass index (BMI), decreased age and lower glucose levels, leading to a lower incidence of cardio-metabolic diseases. The increased cold exposure in adult humans with undetectable BAT was associated with decreased body fat mass and increased insulin sensitivity. A deeper understanding of the role of BAT in human metabolic health and its interrelationship with body fat distribution and deciphering proper strategies to increase energy expenditure, by either increasing functional BAT mass or inducing white adipose browning, holds the promise for possible therapeutic avenues for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
50
|
Franco-Romero A, Sandri M. Role of autophagy in muscle disease. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 82:101041. [PMID: 34625292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Beside inherited muscle diseases many catabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, malnutrition, cancer growth, aging, infections, chronic inflammatory status, inactivity, obesity are characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength and function. The decrease of muscle quality and quantity increases morbidity, mortality and has a major impact on the quality of life. One of the pathogenetic mechanisms of muscle wasting is the dysregulation of the main protein and organelles quality control system of the cell: the autophagy-lysosome. This review will focus on the role of the autophagy-lysosome system in the different conditions of muscle loss. We will also dissect the signalling pathways that are involved in excessive or defective autophagy regulation. Finally, the state of the art of autophagy modulators that have been used in preclinical or clinical studies to ameliorate muscle mass will be also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anais Franco-Romero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy; Myology Center, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|