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Ostovich E, Klaper R. Using a Novel Multiplexed Algal Cytological Imaging (MACI) Assay and Machine Learning as a Way to Characterize Complex Phenotypes in Plant-Type Organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4894-4903. [PMID: 38446593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput phenotypic profiling assays, popular for their ability to characterize alternations in single-cell morphological feature data, have been useful in recent years for predicting cellular targets and mechanisms of action (MoAs) for different chemicals and novel drugs. However, this approach has not been extensively used in environmental toxicology due to the lack of studies and established methods for performing this kind of assay in environmentally relevant species. Here, we developed a multiplexed algal cytological imaging (MACI) assay, based on the subcellular structures of the unicellular microalgae, Raphidocelis subcapitata, a toxicology and ecological model species. Several different herbicides and antibiotics with unique MoAs were exposed to R. subcapitata cells, and MACI was used to characterize cellular impacts by measuring subtle changes in their morphological features, including metrics of area, shape, quantity, fluorescence intensity, and granularity of individual subcellular components. This study demonstrates that MACI offers a quick and effective framework for characterizing complex phenotypic responses to environmental chemicals that can be used for determining their MoAs and identifying their cellular targets in plant-type organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ostovich
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Rebecca Klaper
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
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Antreich SJ, Permann C, Xiao N, Tiloca G, Holzinger A. Zygospore development of Spirogyra (Charophyta) investigated by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and 3D reconstructions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358974. [PMID: 38559764 PMCID: PMC10978657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction of Zygnematophyceae by conjugation is a less investigated topic due to the difficulties of the induction of this process and zygospore ripening under laboratory conditions. For this study, we collected field sampled zygospores of Spirogyra mirabilis and three additional Spirogyra strains in Austria and Greece. Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy was performed on high pressure frozen and freeze substituted zygospores and 3D reconstructions were generated, allowing a comprehensive insight into the process of zygospore maturation, involving storage compound and organelle rearrangements. Chloroplasts are drastically changed, while young stages contain both parental chloroplasts, the male chloroplasts are aborted and reorganised as 'secondary vacuoles' which initially contain plastoglobules and remnants of thylakoid membranes. The originally large pyrenoids and the volume of starch granules is significantly reduced during maturation (young: 8 ± 5 µm³, mature: 0.2 ± 0.2 µm³). In contrast, lipid droplets (LDs) increase significantly in number upon zygospore maturation, while simultaneously getting smaller (young: 21 ± 18 µm³, mature: 0.1 ± 0.2 and 0.5 ± 0.9 µm³). Only in S. mirabilis the LD volume increases (34 ± 29 µm³), occupying ~50% of the zygospore volume. Mature zygospores contain barite crystals as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy with a size of 0.02 - 0.05 µm³. The initially thin zygospore cell wall (~0.5 µm endospore, ~0.8 µm exospore) increases in thickness and develops a distinct, electron dense mesospore, which has a reticulate appearance (~1.4 µm) in Spirogyra sp. from Greece. The exo- and endospore show cellulose microfibrils in a helicoidal pattern. In the denser endospore, pitch angles of the microfibril layers were calculated: ~18 ± 3° in S. mirabilis, ~20 ± 3° in Spirogyra sp. from Austria and ~38 ± 8° in Spirogyra sp. from Greece. Overall this study gives new insights into Spirogyra sp. zygospore development, crucial for survival during dry periods and dispersal of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Antreich
- Department of Bionanosciences, University of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Nannan Xiao
- Department of Bionanosciences, University of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Tiloca
- Department of Bionanosciences, University of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Hembach L, Niemeyer PW, Schmitt K, Zegers JMS, Scholz P, Brandt D, Dabisch JJ, Valerius O, Braus GH, Schwarzländer M, de Vries J, Rensing SA, Ischebeck T. Proteome plasticity during Physcomitrium patens spore germination - from the desiccated phase to heterotrophic growth and reconstitution of photoautotrophy. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1466-1486. [PMID: 38059656 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of moss spores is considered a milestone in plant evolution. They harbor protein networks underpinning desiccation tolerance and accumulation of storage compounds that can be found already in algae and that are also utilized in seeds and pollen. Furthermore, germinating spores must produce proteins that drive the transition through heterotrophic growth to the autotrophic plant. To get insight into the plasticity of this proteome, we investigated it at five timepoints of moss (Physcomitrium patens) spore germination and in protonemata and gametophores. The comparison to previously published Arabidopsis proteome data of seedling establishment showed that not only the proteomes of spores and seeds are functionally related, but also the proteomes of germinating spores and young seedlings. We observed similarities with regard to desiccation tolerance, lipid droplet proteome composition, control of dormancy, and β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle. However, there were also striking differences. For example, spores lacked any obvious storage proteins. Furthermore, we did not detect homologs to the main triacylglycerol lipase in Arabidopsis seeds, SUGAR DEPENDENT1. Instead, we discovered a triacylglycerol lipase of the oil body lipase family and a lipoxygenase as being the overall most abundant proteins in spores. This finding indicates an alternative pathway for triacylglycerol degradation via oxylipin intermediates in the moss. The comparison of spores to Nicotiana tabacum pollen indicated similarities for example in regards to resistance to desiccation and hypoxia, but the overall developmental pattern did not align as in the case of seedling establishment and spore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hembach
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp W Niemeyer
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jaccoline M S Zegers
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dennis Brandt
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Janis J Dabisch
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Gutsche N, Koczula J, Trupp M, Holtmannspötter M, Appelfeller M, Rupp O, Busch A, Zachgo S. MpTGA, together with MpNPR, regulates sexual reproduction and independently affects oil body formation in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1559-1573. [PMID: 38095258 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In angiosperms, basic leucine-zipper (bZIP) TGACG-motif-binding (TGA) transcription factors (TFs) regulate developmental and stress-related processes, the latter often involving NON EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES (NPR) coregulator interactions. To gain insight into their functions in an early diverging land-plant lineage, the single MpTGA and sole MpNPR genes were investigated in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. We generated Marchantia MpTGA and MpNPR knockout and overexpression mutants and conducted morphological, transcriptomic and expression studies. Furthermore, we investigated MpTGA interactions with wild-type and mutagenized MpNPR and expanded our analyses including TGA TFs from two streptophyte algae. Mptga mutants fail to induce the switch from vegetative to reproductive development and lack gametangiophore formation. MpTGA and MpNPR proteins interact and Mpnpr mutant analysis reveals a novel coregulatory NPR role in sexual reproduction. Additionally, MpTGA acts independently of MpNPR as a repressor of oil body (OB) formation and can thereby affect herbivory. The single MpTGA TF exerts a dual role in sexual reproduction and OB formation in Marchantia. Common activities of MpTGA/MpNPR in sexual development suggest that coregulatory interactions were established after emergence of land-plant-specific NPR genes and contributed to the diversification of TGA TF functions during land-plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gutsche
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jens Koczula
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Melanie Trupp
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Holtmannspötter
- Department of Biology and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Rupp
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Busch
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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Li Q, Lan Y, Yang Y, Kang S, Wang X, Jiang J, Liu S, Wang Q, Zhang W, Zhang L. Effect of luminescent materials on the biochemistry, ultrastructure, and rhizobial microbiota of Spirodela polyrhiza. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108427. [PMID: 38367389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent materials and technologies have become widely used in scientific research, and due to the ability to convert light wavelengths, their application to photosynthetic organisms can affect their development by altering light quality. However, the impacts of fluorescent materials on aquatic plants and their environmental risks remain unclear. To assess the effects of luminescent materials on floating aquatic macrophytes and their rhizosphere microorganisms, 4-(di-p-tolylamino)benzaldehyde-A (DTB-A) and 4-(di-p-tolylamino)benzaldehyde-M (DTB-M) (emitting blue-green and orange-red light, respectively) were added individually and jointly to Spirodela polyrhiza cultures and set at different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μM). Both DTB-A and DTB-M exhibited phytotoxicity, which increased with concentration under separate treatment. Moreover, the combined group exhibited obvious stress relief at 10 μM compared to the individually treated group. Fluorescence imaging showed that DTB-A and DTB-M were able to enter the cell matrix and organelles of plant leaves and roots. Peroxidation induced cellular damage, contributing to a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Decomposition of organelle structures, starch accumulation in chloroplasts, and plasmolysis were observed under the ultrastructure, disrupting photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthesis. DTB-A and DTB-M exposure resulted in growth inhibition, dry weight loss, and leaf yellowing in S. polyrhiza. A total of 3519 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified in the rhizosphere microbiome. The microbial communities were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, Oxyphotobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, with the abundance and diversity varied significantly among treatment groups according to Shannon, Simpson, and Chao1 indices. This study revealed the stress defense response of S. polyrhiza to DTB-A and DTB-M exposures, which provides a broader perspective for the bioremediation of pollutants using aquatic plants and supports the further development of fluorescent materials for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, PR China.
| | - Yiyang Lan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, PR China
| | - Yixia Yang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, PR China
| | - Shiyun Kang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, PR China
| | - Shengyue Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, PR China
| | | | - Weizhen Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, PR China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China.
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Huang T, Pan Y, Maréchal E, Hu H. Proteomes reveal the lipid metabolic network in the complex plastid of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:385-403. [PMID: 37733835 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum plastid is surrounded by four membranes, and its protein composition and function remain mysterious. In this study, the P. tricornutum plastid-enriched fraction was obtained and 2850 proteins were identified, including 92 plastid-encoded proteins, through label-free quantitative proteomic technology. Among them, 839 nuclear-encoded proteins were further determined to be plastidial proteins based on the BLAST alignments within Plant Proteome DataBase and subcellular localization prediction, in spite of the strong contamination by mitochondria-encoded proteins and putative plasma membrane proteins. According to our proteomic data, we reconstructed the metabolic pathways and highlighted the hybrid nature of this diatom plastid. Triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis and glycolysis, as well as photosynthesis, glycan metabolism, and tocopherol and triterpene biosynthesis, occur in the plastid. In addition, the synthesis of long-chain acyl-CoAs, elongation, and desaturation of fatty acids (FAs), and synthesis of lipids including TAG are confined in the four-layered-membrane plastid based on the proteomic and GFP-fusion localization data. The whole process of generation of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) from palmitic acid (16:0), via elongation and desaturation of FAs, occurs in the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the outermost membrane of the plastid. Desaturation that generates 16:4 from 16:0 occurs in the plastid stroma and outer envelope membrane. Quantitative analysis of glycerolipids between whole cells and isolated plastids shows similar composition, and the FA profile of TAG was not different. This study shows that the diatom plastid combines functions usually separated in photosynthetic eukaryotes, and differs from green alga and plant chloroplasts by undertaking the whole process of lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG-LPCV, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Kim ES, Han JH, Olejar KJ, Park SH. Degeneration of oil bodies by rough endoplasmic reticulum -associated protein during seed germination in Cannabis sativa. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad082. [PMID: 38094511 PMCID: PMC10718813 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Oil bodies serve as a vital energy source of embryos during germination and contribute to sustaining the initial growth of seedlings until photosynthesis initiation. Despite high stability in chemical properties, how oil bodies break down and go into the degradation process during germination is still unknown. This study provides a morphological understanding of the mobilization of stored compounds in the seed germination of Cannabis. The achenes of fibrous hemp cultivar (Cannabis sativa cv. 'Chungsam') were examined in this study using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Oil bodies in Cannabis seeds appeared spherical and sporadically distributed in the cotyledonary cells. Protein bodies contained electron-dense globoid and heterogeneous protein matrices. During seed germination, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and high electron-dense substances were present adjacent to the oil bodies. The border of the oil bodies became a dense cluster region and appeared as a sinuous outline. Later, irregular hyaline areas were distributed throughout oil bodies, showing the destabilized emulsification of oil bodies. Finally, the oil bodies lost their morphology and fused with each other. The storage proteins were concentrated in the centre of the protein body as a dense homogenous circular mass surrounded by a light heterogeneous area. Some storage proteins are considered emulsifying agents on the surface region of oil bodies, enabling them to remain stable and distinct within and outside cotyledon cells. At the early germination stage, rER appeared and dense substances aggregated adjacent to the oil bodies. Certain proteins were synthesized within the rER and then translocated into the oil bodies by crossing the half membrane of oil bodies. Our data suggest that rER-associated proteins function as enzymes to lyse the emulsifying proteins, thereby weakening the emulsifying agent on the surface of the oil bodies. This process plays a key role in the degeneration of oil bodies and induces coalescence during seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Soo Kim
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, 32, Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth J Olejar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
| | - Sang-Hyuck Park
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
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Scharte J, Hassa S, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Forlani G, Weis E, von Schaewen A. Metabolic priming in G6PDH isoenzyme-replaced tobacco lines improves stress tolerance and seed yields via altering assimilate partitioning. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1696-1716. [PMID: 37713307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the basis for better performance of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants with G6PDH-isoenzyme replacement in the cytosol (Xanthi::cP2::cytRNAi, Scharte et al., 2009). After six generations of selfing, infiltration of Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores into source leaves confirmed that defence responses (ROS, callose) are accelerated, showing as fast cell death of the infected tissue. Yet, stress-related hormone profiles resembled susceptible Xanthi and not resistant cultivar SNN, hinting at mainly metabolic adjustments in the transgenic lines. Leaves of non-stressed plants contained twofold elevated fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6P2 ) levels, leading to partial sugar retention (soluble sugars, starch) and elevated hexose-to-sucrose ratios, but also more lipids. Above-ground biomass lay in between susceptible Xanthi and resistant SNN, with photo-assimilates preferentially allocated to inflorescences. Seeds were heavier with higher lipid-to-carbohydrate ratios, resulting in increased harvest yields - also under water limitation. Abiotic stress tolerance (salt, drought) was improved during germination, and in floated leaf disks of non-stressed plants. In leaves of salt-watered plants, proline accumulated to higher levels during illumination, concomitant with efficient NADP(H) use and recycling. Non-stressed plants showed enhanced PSII-induction kinetics (upon dark-light transition) with little differences at the stationary phase. Leaf exudates contained 10% less sucrose, similar amino acids, but more fatty acids - especially in the light. Export of specific fatty acids via the phloem may contribute to both, earlier flowering and higher seed yields of the Xanthi-cP2 lines. Apparently, metabolic priming by F2,6P2 -combined with sustained NADP(H) turnover-bypasses the genetically fixed growth-defence trade-off, rendering tobacco plants more stress-resilient and productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Scharte
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hassa
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB), Abteilung Biochemie der Pflanze, Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB), Abteilung Biochemie der Pflanze, Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia e Biochimica Vegetale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Engelbert Weis
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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Bu M, Fan W, Li R, He B, Cui P. Lipid Metabolism and Improvement in Oilseed Crops: Recent Advances in Multi-Omics Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:1170. [PMID: 38132852 PMCID: PMC10744971 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oilseed crops are rich in plant lipids that not only provide essential fatty acids for the human diet but also play important roles as major sources of biofuels and indispensable raw materials for the chemical industry. The regulation of lipid metabolism genes is a major factor affecting oil production. In this review, we systematically summarize the metabolic pathways related to lipid production and storage in plants and highlight key research advances in characterizing the genes and regulatory factors influencing lipid anabolic metabolism. In addition, we integrate the latest results from multi-omics studies on lipid metabolism to provide a reference to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying oil anabolism in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Bu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Bing He
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
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Ezzedine JA, Uwizeye C, Si Larbi G, Villain G, Louwagie M, Schilling M, Hagenmuller P, Gallet B, Stewart A, Petroutsos D, Devime F, Salze P, Liger L, Jouhet J, Dumont M, Ravanel S, Amato A, Valay JG, Jouneau PH, Falconet D, Maréchal E. Adaptive traits of cysts of the snow alga Sanguina nivaloides unveiled by 3D subcellular imaging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7500. [PMID: 37980360 PMCID: PMC10657455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguina nivaloides is the main alga forming red snowfields in high mountains and Polar Regions. It is non-cultivable. Analysis of environmental samples by X-ray tomography, focused-ion-beam scanning-electron-microscopy, physicochemical and physiological characterization reveal adaptive traits accounting for algal capacity to reside in snow. Cysts populate liquid water at the periphery of ice, are photosynthetically active, can survive for months, and are sensitive to freezing. They harbor a wrinkled plasma membrane expanding the interface with environment. Ionomic analysis supports a cell efflux of K+, and assimilation of phosphorus. Glycerolipidomic analysis confirms a phosphate limitation. The chloroplast contains thylakoids oriented in all directions, fixes carbon in a central pyrenoid and produces starch in peripheral protuberances. Analysis of cells kept in the dark shows that starch is a short-term carbon storage. The biogenesis of cytosolic droplets shows that they are loaded with triacylglycerol and carotenoids for long-term carbon storage and protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade A Ezzedine
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Clarisse Uwizeye
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Grégory Si Larbi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Villain
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Louwagie
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Schilling
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Hagenmuller
- Centre d'Etudes de la Neige, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoît Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives; IRIG, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Adeline Stewart
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabienne Devime
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Salze
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Lucie Liger
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Dumont
- Centre d'Etudes de la Neige, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Valay
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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11
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Qin Z, Wang T, Zhao Y, Ma C, Shao Q. Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16039. [PMID: 38003229 PMCID: PMC10671748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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12
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Fradera-Soler M, Mravec J, Harholt J, Grace OM, Jørgensen B. Cell wall polysaccharide and glycoprotein content tracks growth-form diversity and an aridity gradient in the leaf-succulent genus Crassula. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14007. [PMID: 37882271 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall traits are believed to be a key component of the succulent syndrome, an adaptive syndrome to drought, yet the variability of such traits remains largely unknown. In this study, we surveyed the leaf polysaccharide and glycoprotein composition in a wide sampling of Crassula species that occur naturally along an aridity gradient in southern Africa, and we interpreted its adaptive significance in relation to growth form and arid adaptation. To study the glycomic diversity, we sampled leaf material from 56 Crassula taxa and performed comprehensive microarray polymer profiling to obtain the relative content of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. This analysis was complemented by the determination of monosaccharide composition and immunolocalization in leaf sections using glycan-targeting antibodies. We found that compact and non-compact Crassula species occupy distinct phenotypic spaces in terms of leaf glycomics, particularly in regard to rhamnogalacturonan I, its arabinan side chains, and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Moreover, these cell wall components also correlated positively with increasing aridity, which suggests that they are likely advantageous in terms of arid adaptation. These differences point to compact Crassula species having more elastic cell walls with plasticizing properties, which can be interpreted as an adaptation toward increased drought resistance. Furthermore, we report an intracellular pool of AGPs associated with oil bodies and calcium oxalate crystals, which could be a peculiarity of Crassula and could be linked to increased drought resistance. Our results indicate that glycomics may be underlying arid adaptation and drought resistance in succulent plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fradera-Soler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, London, UK
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Olwen M Grace
- Royal Botanic Gardens, London, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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13
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Ntone E, Rosenbaum B, Sridharan S, Willems SBJ, Moultos OA, Vlugt TJH, Meinders MBJ, Sagis LMC, Bitter JH, Nikiforidis CV. The dilatable membrane of oleosomes (lipid droplets) allows their in vitro resizing and triggered release of lipids. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6355-6367. [PMID: 37577849 PMCID: PMC10445523 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that lipid droplets (LDs), called oleosomes, have an inherent ability to inflate or shrink when absorbing or fueling lipids in the cells, showing that their phospholipid/protein membrane is dilatable. This property is not that common for membranes stabilizing oil droplets and when well understood, it could be exploited for the design of responsive and metastable droplets. To investigate the nature of the dilatable properties of the oleosomes, we extracted them from rapeseeds to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion. Initially, we added an excess of rapeseed oil in the dispersion and applied high-pressure homogenization, resulting in a stable oil-in-water emulsion, showing the ability of the molecules on the oleosome membrane to rearrange and reach a new equilibrium when more surface was available. To confirm the rearrangement of the phospholipids on the droplet surface, we used molecular dynamics simulations and showed that the fatty acids of the phospholipids are solubilized in the oil core and are homogeneously spread on the liquid-like membrane, avoiding clustering with neighbouring phospholipids. The weak lateral interactions on the oleosome membrane were also confirmed experimentally, using interfacial rheology. Finally, to investigate whether the weak lateral interactions on the oleosome membrane can be used to have a triggered change of conformation by an external force, we placed the oleosomes on a solid hydrophobic surface and found that they destabilise, allowing the oil to leak out, probably due to a reorganisation of the membrane phospholipids after their interaction with the hydrophobic surface. The weak lateral interactions on the LD membrane and their triggered destabilisation present a unique property that can be used for a targeted release in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Ntone
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Simha Sridharan
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stan B J Willems
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University and Research, Axis, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J H Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel B J Meinders
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 17, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherland
| | - Leonard M C Sagis
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Constantinos V Nikiforidis
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Li Z, Gao Y, Yan J, Wang S, Wang S, Liu Y, Wang S, Hua J. Golgi-localized MORN1 promotes lipid droplet abundance and enhances tolerance to multiple stresses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1890-1903. [PMID: 37097077 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) in vegetative tissues has recently been implicated in environmental responses in plants, but its regulation and its function in stress tolerance are not well understood. Here, we identified a Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus 1 (MORN1) gene as a contributor to natural variations of stress tolerance through genome-wide association study in Arabidopsis thaliana. Characterization of its loss-of-function mutant and natural variants revealed that the MORN1 gene is a positive regulator of plant growth, disease resistance, cold tolerance, and heat tolerance. The MORN1 protein is associated with the Golgi and is also partly associated with LD. Protein truncations that disrupt these associations abolished the biological function of the MORN1 protein. Furthermore, the MORN1 gene is a positive regulator of LD abundance, and its role in LD number regulation and stress tolerance is highly linked. Therefore, this study identifies MORN1 as a positive regulator of LD abundance and a contributor to natural variations of stress tolerance. It implicates a potential involvement of Golgi in LD biogenesis and strongly suggests a contribution of LD to diverse processes of plant growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jiapei Yan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaokui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jian Hua
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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15
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Borek S, Stefaniak S, Nuc K, Wojtyla Ł, Ratajczak E, Sitkiewicz E, Malinowska A, Świderska B, Wleklik K, Pietrowska-Borek M. Sugar Starvation Disrupts Lipid Breakdown by Inducing Autophagy in Embryonic Axes of Lupin ( Lupinus spp.) Germinating Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11773. [PMID: 37511532 PMCID: PMC10380618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Under nutrient deficiency or starvation conditions, the mobilization of storage compounds during seed germination is enhanced to primarily supply respiratory substrates and hence increase the potential of cell survival. Nevertheless, we found that, under sugar starvation conditions in isolated embryonic axes of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) cultured in vitro for 96 h, the disruption of lipid breakdown occurs, as was reflected in the higher lipid content in the sugar-starved (-S) than in the sucrose-fed (+S) axes. We postulate that pexophagy (autophagic degradation of the peroxisome-a key organelle in lipid catabolism) is one of the reasons for the disruption in lipid breakdown under starvation conditions. Evidence of pexophagy can be: (i) the higher transcript level of genes encoding proteins of pexophagy machinery, and (ii) the lower content of the peroxisome marker Pex14p and its increase caused by an autophagy inhibitor (concanamycin A) in -S axes in comparison to the +S axes. Additionally, based on ultrastructure observation, we documented that, under sugar starvation conditions lipophagy (autophagic degradation of whole lipid droplets) may also occur but this type of selective autophagy seems to be restricted under starvation conditions. Our results also show that autophagy occurs at the very early stages of plant growth and development, including the cells of embryonic seed organs, and allows cell survival under starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Borek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Stefaniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nuc
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wojtyla
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Ewa Sitkiewicz
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bianka Świderska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Wleklik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
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16
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Traver MS, Bartel B. The ubiquitin-protein ligase MIEL1 localizes to peroxisomes to promote seedling oleosin degradation and lipid droplet mobilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304870120. [PMID: 37410814 PMCID: PMC10629534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304870120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are organelles conserved across eukaryotes that store and release neutral lipids to regulate energy homeostasis. In oilseed plants, fats stored in seed lipid droplets provide fixed carbon for seedling growth before photosynthesis begins. As fatty acids released from lipid droplet triacylglycerol are catabolized in peroxisomes, lipid droplet coat proteins are ubiquitinated, extracted, and degraded. In Arabidopsis seeds, the predominant lipid droplet coat protein is OLEOSIN1 (OLE1). To identify genes modulating lipid droplet dynamics, we mutagenized a line expressing mNeonGreen-tagged OLE1 expressed from the OLE1 promoter and isolated mutants with delayed oleosin degradation. From this screen, we identified four miel1 mutant alleles. MIEL1 (MYB30-interacting E3 ligase 1) targets specific MYB transcription factors for degradation during hormone and pathogen responses [D. Marino et al., Nat. Commun. 4, 1476 (2013); H. G. Lee and P. J. Seo, Nat. Commun. 7, 12525 (2016)] but had not been implicated in lipid droplet dynamics. OLE1 transcript levels were unchanged in miel1 mutants, indicating that MIEL1 modulates oleosin levels posttranscriptionally. When overexpressed, fluorescently tagged MIEL1 reduced oleosin levels, causing very large lipid droplets. Unexpectedly, fluorescently tagged MIEL1 localized to peroxisomes. Our data suggest that MIEL1 ubiquitinates peroxisome-proximal seed oleosins, targeting them for degradation during seedling lipid mobilization. The human MIEL1 homolog (PIRH2; p53-induced protein with a RING-H2 domain) targets p53 and other proteins for degradation and promotes tumorigenesis [A. Daks et al., Cells 11, 1515 (2022)]. When expressed in Arabidopsis, human PIRH2 also localized to peroxisomes, hinting at a previously unexplored role for PIRH2 in lipid catabolism and peroxisome biology in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Traver
- Department of Biosciences, Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Bonnie Bartel
- Department of Biosciences, Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
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17
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Yang L, Liu J, Wong CK, Lim BL. Movement of Lipid Droplets in the Arabidopsis Pollen Tube Is Dependent on the Actomyosin System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2489. [PMID: 37447050 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of pollen tubes, which depends on actin filaments, is pivotal for plant reproduction. Pharmacological experiments showed that while oryzalin and brefeldin A treatments had no significant effect on the lipid droplets (LDs) trafficking, while 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), latrunculin B, SMIFH2, and cytochalasin D treatments slowed down LDs trafficking, in such a manner that only residual wobbling was observed, suggesting that trafficking of LDs in pollen tube is related to F-actin. While the trafficking of LDs in the wild-type pollen tubes and in myo11-2, myo11b1-1, myo11c1-1, and myo11c2-1 single mutants and myo11a1-1/myo11a2-1 double mutant were normal, their trafficking slowed down in a myosin-XI double knockout (myo11c1-1/myo11c2-1) mutant. These observations suggest that Myo11C1 and Myo11C2 motors are involved in LDs movement in pollen tubes, and they share functional redundancy. Hence, LDs movement in Arabidopsis pollen tubes relies on the actomyosin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhong Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Kiu Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Bouchnak I, Coulon D, Salis V, D’Andréa S, Bréhélin C. Lipid droplets are versatile organelles involved in plant development and plant response to environmental changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193905. [PMID: 37426978 PMCID: PMC10327486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Since decades plant lipid droplets (LDs) are described as storage organelles accumulated in seeds to provide energy for seedling growth after germination. Indeed, LDs are the site of accumulation for neutral lipids, predominantly triacylglycerols (TAGs), one of the most energy-dense molecules, and sterol esters. Such organelles are present in the whole plant kingdom, from microalgae to perennial trees, and can probably be found in all plant tissues. Several studies over the past decade have revealed that LDs are not merely simple energy storage compartments, but also dynamic structures involved in diverse cellular processes like membrane remodeling, regulation of energy homeostasis and stress responses. In this review, we aim to highlight the functions of LDs in plant development and response to environmental changes. In particular, we tackle the fate and roles of LDs during the plant post-stress recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Bouchnak
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Denis Coulon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Vincent Salis
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sabine D’Andréa
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Claire Bréhélin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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19
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Chen A, Hu S, Zhu D, Zhao R, Huang C, Gao Y. Lipid droplets proteome reveals dynamic changes of lipid droplets protein during embryonic development of Carya cathayensis nuts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111753. [PMID: 37268111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) is an important intracellular organelle for triacylglycerols (TAGs) storage. A variety of proteins on the surface of LD coordinately control the contents, size, stability and biogenesis of LD. However, the LD proteins in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) nuts, which rich in oil and composed of unsaturated fatty acids, have not been identified and their roles in LD formation still remain largely unknown. In present study, LD fractions from three developmental stages of Chinese hickory seed were enriched and the LD fraction accumulated proteins were then isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Protein compositions throughout the various developmental phases were calculated using label-free intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) algorithm. The dynamic proportion of high abundance lipid droplets proteins such as oleosins 2 (OLE2), caleosins 1 (CLO1) and steroleosin 5 (HSD5) increased parallelly with the embryo development. For low abundance lipid droplets proteins, SEED LD PROTEIN 2 (SLDP2), STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (SMT1) and LD-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (LDAP1) were the predominant proteins. Moreover, 14 low abundance OB proteins such as oil body-associated protein 2A (OBAP2A) were selected for future investigation that may associate with embryo development. Overall, 62 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were determined by label free quantification (LFQ) algorithms and may involve in LD biogenesis. Furthermore, the subcellular localization validation indicated that selected LD proteins were targeted to the lipid droplets, confirming the promising of proteome data. Taken together, this comparative study may shed light on further study to understand the lipid droplets function in the seed, which contains high oil content. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (accession number: PXD038646).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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20
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Khanam S, Atsuzawa K, Kaneko Y. Localization of Lipid Droplets in Embryonic Axis Radicle Cells of Soybean Seeds under Various Imbibition Regimes Indicates Their Role in Desiccation Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:799. [PMID: 36840147 PMCID: PMC9958736 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance allows plant seeds to remain viable during desiccation and subsequent re-hydration. In this study, we tried to develop an experimental system to understand the difference between desiccation tolerant and desiccation sensitive radicle cells by examining excised embryonic axes after re-desiccation and subsequent imbibition under various regimes. Embryonic axes excised from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds imbibed for 3 h to 15 h which remained attached to the cotyledons during imbibition would grow normally after 24 h of desiccation and re-imbibition on wet filter paper. By contrast, when the embryonic axes excised after 3 h imbibition of seeds were kept on wet filter paper for 12 h to 16 h, their growth was significantly retarded after 24 h of desiccation and subsequent re-imbibition. Numerous lipid droplets were observed lining the plasma membrane and tonoplasts in radicle cells of desiccation tolerant embryonic axes before and after desiccation treatment. By contrast, the lipid droplets lining the plasma membrane and tonoplasts became very sparse in radicle cells that were placed for longer times on wet filter paper before desiccation. We observed a clear correlation between the amount of lipid droplets lining plasma membranes and the ability to grow after desiccation and re-imbibition of the excised embryonic axes. In addition to the reduction of lipid droplets in the cells, a gradual increase in starch grains was observed. Large starch grains accumulated in the radicle cells of those axes that failed to grow further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Khanam
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kimie Atsuzawa
- Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Education, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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21
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Decker EA, Villeneuve P. Impact of processing on the oxidative stability of oil bodies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6001-6015. [PMID: 36600584 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2160963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids are stored as emulsified lipid droplets also called lipid bodies, spherosomes, oleosomes or oil bodies. Oil bodies are found in many seeds such as cereals, legumes, or in microorganisms such as microalgae, bacteria or yeast. Oil Bodies are unique subcellular organelles with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 μm and are made of a triacylglycerols hydrophobic core that is surrounded by a unique monolayer membrane made of phospholipids and anchored proteins. Due to their unique properties, in particular their resistance to coalescence and aggregation, oil bodies have an interest in food formulations as they can constitute natural emulsified systems that does not need the addition of external emulsifier. This manuscript focuses on how extraction processes and other factors impact the oxidative stability of isolated oil bodies. The potential role of oil bodies in the oxidative stability of intact foods is also discussed. In particular, we discuss how constitutive components of oil bodies membranes are associated in a strong network that may have an antioxidant effect either by physical phenomenon or by chemical reactivities. Moreover, the importance of the selected process to extract oil bodies is discussed in terms of oxidative stability of the recovered oil bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Chenoweth Laboratory, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Univ. Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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22
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Han L, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Shi X, Xu Y, Gao S, Zhang M, Luo J, Zhang Q. Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3(DGAT3) Is Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Vegetative Organs of Paeonia rockii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214390. [PMID: 36430868 PMCID: PMC9692848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
'Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)' acts as a key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the final step of the de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). The study was to characterize the function of the DGAT3 gene in Paeonia rockii, which is known for its accumulation of high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). We identified a DGAT3 gene which encodes a soluble protein that is located within the chloroplasts of P. rockii. Functional complementarity experiments in yeast demonstrated that PrDGAT3 restored TAG synthesis. Linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3) are essential unsaturated fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body. Through the yeast lipotoxicity test, we found that the yeast cell density was largely increased by adding exogenous LA and, especially, ALA to the yeast medium. Further ectopic transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue and stable overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that PrDGAT3 significantly enhanced the accumulation of the TAG and UFAs. In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in the total fatty acid content and in several major fatty acids in PrDGAT3-silenced tree peony leaves. Overall, PrDGAT3 is important in catalyzing TAG synthesis, with a substrate preference for UFAs, especially LA and ALA. These results suggest that PrDGAT3 may have practical applications in improving plant lipid nutrition and increasing oil production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Han
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuhui Zhai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiangrui Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shuguang Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Man Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8708-2878; Fax: +86-29-8708-0269
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23
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Romsdahl TB, Cocuron JC, Pearson MJ, Alonso AP, Chapman KD. A lipidomics platform to analyze the fatty acid compositions of non-polar and polar lipid molecular species from plant tissues: Examples from developing seeds and seedlings of pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1038161. [PMID: 36438089 PMCID: PMC9682148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1038161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lipidome comprises the total content of molecular species of each lipid class, and is measured using the analytical techniques of lipidomics. Many liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods have previously been described to characterize the lipidome. However, many lipidomic approaches may not fully uncover the subtleties of lipid molecular species, such as the full fatty acid (FA) composition of certain lipid classes. Here, we describe a stepwise targeted lipidomics approach to characterize the polar and non-polar lipid classes using complementary LC-MS methods. Our "polar" method measures 260 molecular species across 12 polar lipid classes, and is performed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) on a NH2 column to separate lipid classes by their headgroup. Our "non-polar" method measures 254 molecular species across three non-polar lipid classes, separating molecular species on their FA characteristics by reverse phase (RP) chromatography on a C30 column. Five different extraction methods were compared, with an MTBE-based extraction chosen for the final lipidomics workflow. A state-of-the-art strategy to determine and relatively quantify the FA composition of triacylglycerols is also described. This lipidomics workflow was applied to developing, mature, and germinated pennycress seeds/seedlings and found unexpected changes among several lipid molecular species. During development, diacylglycerols predominantly contained long chain length FAs, which contrasted with the very long chain FAs of triacylglycerols in mature seeds. Potential metabolic explanations are discussed. The lack of very long chain fatty acids in diacylglycerols of germinating seeds may indicate very long chain FAs, such as erucic acid, are preferentially channeled into beta-oxidation for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Romsdahl
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Alonso
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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24
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Costa EC, Oliveira DC, Isaias RMS. Parasitoid impairment on the galling Lopesia sp. activity reflects on the cytological and histochemical profiles of the globoid bivalve-shaped gall on Mimosa gemmulata. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1585-1597. [PMID: 35384493 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gall cytological and histochemical features established by the constant feeding activity of the associated gall inducer may be changed due to the attack of parasitoids. We accessed two tri-trophic systems involving the globoid bivalve-shaped gall on Mimosa gemmulata Barneby (Fabaceae) and its galling undescribed species of Lopesia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), which may be ectoparasitized by Torymus sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) or endoparasitized by a polyembryonic Platygastridae (Hymenoptera), as models of study. The ectoparasitoid species paralyzes and kills Lopesia sp. larva, which stops the feeding stimuli, while the endoparasitoid larvae feed in Lopesia sp. larva body and keep it alive for a certain time. Our hypothesis is that the time lapse of Lopesia sp. feeding impairment by the two parasitoids will cause distinct cytological and histochemical responses in the ecto- and endoparasitized galls compared to the non-parasitized condition. In both parasitoidism cases, the impairment of the feeding activity of the galling Lopesia sp. directs the common storage and nutritive cells toward a similar process of induced cell death, involving cell collapse and loss of membrane integrity. The cell metabolism is maintained mainly by mitochondria, and by the translocation of lipids from the common storage tissue, via plasmodesmata, through the living sclereids of the mechanical zone toward the nutritive tissue. Accordingly, the parasitoid impairment on the feeding activity of Lopesia sp. larvae causes precocious senescence, but similar cytological alterations, and no impact over the histochemical profiles, regarding lipids, reactive oxygen species, and secondary metabolites, which support gall metabolism along the parasitoid cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Costa
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Denis C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Anatomia, Desenvolvimento Vegetal E Interações, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Rua Ceará s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38402-018, Brazil
| | - Rosy M S Isaias
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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25
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Scholz P, Chapman KD, Mullen RT, Ischebeck T. Finding new friends and revisiting old ones - how plant lipid droplets connect with other subcellular structures. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:833-838. [PMID: 35851478 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The number of described contact sites between different subcellular compartments and structures in eukaryotic cells has increased dramatically in recent years and, as such, has substantially reinforced the well-known premise that these kinds of connections are essential for overall cellular organization and the proper functioning of cellular metabolic and signaling pathways. Here, we discuss contact sites involving plant lipid droplets (LDs), including LD-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) connections that mediate the biogenesis of new LDs at the ER, LD-peroxisome connections, that facilitate the degradation of LD-stored triacylglycerols (TAGs), and the more recently discovered LD-plasma membrane connections, which involve at least three novel proteins, but have a yet unknown physiological function(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kent D Chapman
- Bio-Discovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Green Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
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26
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Ge S, Zhang RX, Wang YF, Sun P, Chu J, Li J, Sun P, Wang J, Hetherington AM, Liang YK. The Arabidopsis Rab protein RABC1 affects stomatal development by regulating lipid droplet dynamics. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4274-4292. [PMID: 35929087 PMCID: PMC9614440 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that serve as hubs of cellular lipid and energy metabolism in virtually all organisms. Mobilization of LDs is important in light-induced stomatal opening. However, whether and how LDs are involved in stomatal development remains unknown. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana LIPID DROPLETS AND STOMATA 1 (LDS1)/RABC1 (At1g43890) encodes a member of the Rab GTPase family that is involved in regulating LD dynamics and stomatal morphogenesis. The expression of RABC1 is coordinated with the different phases of stomatal development. RABC1 targets to the surface of LDs in response to oleic acid application in a RABC1GEF1-dependent manner. RABC1 physically interacts with SEIPIN2/3, two orthologues of mammalian seipin, which function in the formation of LDs. Disruption of RABC1, RABC1GEF1, or SEIPIN2/3 resulted in aberrantly large LDs, severe defects in guard cell vacuole morphology, and stomatal function. In conclusion, these findings reveal an aspect of LD function and uncover a role for lipid metabolism in stomatal development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaheng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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27
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Niemeyer PW, Irisarri I, Scholz P, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Braus GH, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Sharma S, Carlsson AS, de Vries J, Hofvander P, Ischebeck T. A seed-like proteome in oil-rich tubers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:518-534. [PMID: 36050843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous examples of plant organs or developmental stages that are desiccation-tolerant and can withstand extended periods of severe water loss. One prime example are seeds and pollen of many spermatophytes. However, in some plants, also vegetative organs can be desiccation-tolerant. One example are the tubers of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), which also store large amounts of lipids similar to seeds. Interestingly, the closest known relative, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), generates tubers that do not accumulate oil and are not desiccation-tolerant. We generated nanoLC-MS/MS-based proteomes of yellow nutsedge in five replicates of four stages of tuber development and compared them to the proteomes of roots and leaves, yielding 2257 distinct protein groups. Our data reveal a striking upregulation of hallmark proteins of seeds in the tubers. A deeper comparison to the tuber proteome of the close relative purple nutsedge (C. rotundus) and a previously published proteome of Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings indicates that indeed a seed-like proteome was found in yellow but not purple nutsedge. This was further supported by an analysis of the proteome of a lipid droplet-enriched fraction of yellow nutsedge, which also displayed seed-like characteristics. One reason for the differences between the two nutsedge species might be the expression of certain transcription factors homologous to ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, WRINKLED1, and LEAFY COTYLEDON1 that drive gene expression in Arabidopsis seed embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp William Niemeyer
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shrikant Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
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Azeez A, Parchuri P, Bates PD. Suppression of Physaria fendleri SDP1 Increased Seed Oil and Hydroxy Fatty Acid Content While Maintaining Oil Biosynthesis Through Triacylglycerol Remodeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931310. [PMID: 35720575 PMCID: PMC9204166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Physaria fendleri is a burgeoning oilseed crop that accumulates the hydroxy fatty acid (HFA), lesquerolic acid, and can be a non-toxic alternative crop to castor for production of industrially valuable HFA. Recently, P. fendleri was proposed to utilize a unique seed oil biosynthetic pathway coined "triacylglycerol (TAG) remodeling" that utilizes a TAG lipase to remove common fatty acids from TAG allowing the subsequent incorporation of HFA after initial TAG synthesis, yet the lipase involved is unknown. SUGAR DEPENDENT 1 (SDP1) has been characterized as the dominant TAG lipase involved in TAG turnover during oilseed maturation and germination. Here, we characterized the role of a putative PfeSDP1 in both TAG turnover and TAG remodeling. In vitro assays confirmed that PfeSDP1 is a TAG lipase and demonstrated a preference for HFA-containing TAG species. Seed-specific RNAi knockdown of PfeSDP1 resulted in a 12%-16% increase in seed weight and 14%-19% increase in total seed oil content with no major effect on seedling establishment. The increase in total oil content was primarily due to ~4.7% to ~14.8% increase in TAG molecular species containing two HFA (2HFA-TAG), and when combined with a smaller decrease in 1HFA-TAG content the proportion of total HFA in seed lipids increased 4%-6%. The results are consistent with PfeSDP1 involved in TAG turnover but not TAG remodeling to produce 2HFA-TAG. Interestingly, the concomitant reduction of 1HFA-TAG in PfeSDP1 knockdown lines suggests PfeSDP1 may have a role in reverse TAG remodeling during seed maturation that produces 1HFA-TAG from 2HFA-TAG. Overall, our results provide a novel strategy to enhance the total amount of industrially valuable lesquerolic acid in P. fendleri seeds.
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29
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Krawczyk HE, Rotsch AH, Herrfurth C, Scholz P, Shomroni O, Salinas-Riester G, Feussner I, Ischebeck T. Heat stress leads to rapid lipid remodeling and transcriptional adaptations in Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:490-515. [PMID: 35302599 PMCID: PMC9157110 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
After reaching the stigma, pollen grains germinate and form a pollen tube that transports the sperm cells to the ovule. Due to selection pressure between pollen tubes, pollen grains likely evolved mechanisms to quickly adapt to temperature changes to sustain elongation at the highest possible rate. We investigated these adaptions in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes grown in vitro under 22°C and 37°C by a multi-omics approach including lipidomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis. Both glycerophospholipids and galactoglycerolipids increased in saturated acyl chains under heat stress (HS), while triacylglycerols (TGs) changed less in respect to desaturation but increased in abundance. Free sterol composition was altered, and sterol ester levels decreased. The levels of sterylglycosides and several sphingolipid classes and species were augmented. Most amino acid levels increased during HS, including the noncodogenic amino acids γ-amino butyrate and pipecolate. Furthermore, the sugars sedoheptulose and sucrose showed higher levels. Also, the transcriptome underwent pronounced changes with 1,570 of 24,013 genes being differentially upregulated and 813 being downregulated. Transcripts coding for heat shock proteins and many transcriptional regulators were most strongly upregulated but also transcripts that have so far not been linked to HS. Transcripts involved in TG synthesis increased, while the modulation of acyl chain desaturation seemed not to be transcriptionally controlled, indicating other means of regulation. In conclusion, we show that tobacco pollen tubes are able to rapidly remodel their lipidome under HS likely by post-transcriptional and/or post-translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Elisa Krawczyk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Helmut Rotsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- NGS—Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- NGS—Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Green Biotechnology, Münster 48143, Germany
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30
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Krawczyk HE, Sun S, Doner NM, Yan Q, Lim MSS, Scholz P, Niemeyer PW, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Pleskot R, Hillmer S, Braus GH, Wiermer M, Mullen RT, Ischebeck T. SEED LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN1, SEED LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN2, and LIPID DROPLET PLASMA MEMBRANE ADAPTOR mediate lipid droplet-plasma membrane tethering. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2424-2448. [PMID: 35348751 PMCID: PMC9134073 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are interorganellar connections that allow for the direct exchange of molecules, such as lipids or Ca2+ between organelles, but can also serve to tether organelles at specific locations within cells. Here, we identified and characterized three proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana that form a lipid droplet (LD)-plasma membrane (PM) tethering complex in plant cells, namely LD-localized SEED LD PROTEIN (SLDP) 1 and SLDP2 and PM-localized LD-PLASMA MEMBRANE ADAPTOR (LIPA). Using proteomics and different protein-protein interaction assays, we show that both SLDPs associate with LIPA. Disruption of either SLDP1 and SLDP2 expression, or that of LIPA, leads to an aberrant clustering of LDs in Arabidopsis seedlings. Ectopic co-expression of one of the SLDPs with LIPA is sufficient to reconstitute LD-PM tethering in Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes, a cell type characterized by dynamically moving LDs in the cytosolic streaming. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed both SLDP2.1 and LIPA to be enriched at LD-PM contact sites in seedlings. These and other results suggest that SLDP and LIPA interact to form a tethering complex that anchors a subset of LDs to the PM during post-germinative seedling growth in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Elisa Krawczyk
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Siqi Sun
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathan M Doner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Qiqi Yan
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdiel Sheng Satha Lim
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp William Niemeyer
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Hillmer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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31
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Kang BH, Anderson CT, Arimura SI, Bayer E, Bezanilla M, Botella MA, Brandizzi F, Burch-Smith TM, Chapman KD, Dünser K, Gu Y, Jaillais Y, Kirchhoff H, Otegui MS, Rosado A, Tang Y, Kleine-Vehn J, Wang P, Zolman BK. A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:10-52. [PMID: 34633455 PMCID: PMC8846186 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the following short reviews, the authors discuss the complexities of the plant cell endomembrane system, exciting connections between organelles, novel insights into peroxisome structure and function, dynamics of mitochondria, and the mysteries that need to be unlocked from the plant cell wall. These discussions are focused through a lens of new microscopy techniques. Advanced imaging has uncovered unexpected shapes, dynamics, and intricate membrane formations. With a continued focus in the next decade, these imaging modalities coupled with functional studies are sure to begin to unravel mysteries of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortifruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Kai Dünser
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bethany Karlin Zolman
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
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32
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Bai F, Yu L, Shi J, Li-Beisson Y, Liu J. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases activate fatty acids for lipid synthesis, remodeling and energy production in Chlamydomonas. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:823-837. [PMID: 34665469 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) play many roles in mammals, yeasts and plants, but knowledge on their functions in microalgae remains fragmented. Here via genetic, biochemical and physiological analyses, we unraveled the function and roles of LACSs in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In vitro assays on purified recombinant proteins revealed that CrLACS1, CrLACS2 and CrLACS3 all exhibited bona fide LACS activities toward a broad range of free fatty acids. The Chlamydomonas mutants compromised in CrLACS1, CrLACS2 or CrLACS3 did not show any obvious phenotypes in lipid content or growth under nitrogen (N)-replete condition. But under N-deprivation, CrLACS1 or CrLACS2 suppression resulted in c. 50% less oil, yet with a higher amount of chloroplast lipids. By contrast, CrLACS3 suppression impaired oil remobilization and cell growth severely during N-recovery, supporting its role in fatty acid β-oxidation to provide energy and carbon sources for regrowth. Transcriptomics analysis suggested that the observed lipid phenotypes are likely not due to transcriptional reprogramming but rather a shift in metabolic adjustment. Taken together, this study provided solid experimental evidence for essential roles of the three Chlamydomonas LACS enzymes in lipid synthesis, remodeling and catabolism, and highlighted the importance of lipid homeostasis in cell growth under nutrient fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bai
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianan Shi
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Aix Marseille Université, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, 13108, France
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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33
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Chu KL, Koley S, Jenkins LM, Bailey SR, Kambhampati S, Foley K, Arp JJ, Morley SA, Czymmek KJ, Bates PD, Allen DK. Metabolic flux analysis of the non-transitory starch tradeoff for lipid production in mature tobacco leaves. Metab Eng 2022; 69:231-248. [PMID: 34920088 PMCID: PMC8761171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic plasticity of tobacco leaves has been demonstrated via the generation of transgenic plants that can accumulate over 30% dry weight as triacylglycerols. In investigating the changes in carbon partitioning in these high lipid-producing (HLP) leaves, foliar lipids accumulated stepwise over development. Interestingly, non-transient starch was observed to accumulate with plant age in WT but not HLP leaves, with a drop in foliar starch concurrent with an increase in lipid content. The metabolic carbon tradeoff between starch and lipid was studied using 13CO2-labeling experiments and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis, not previously applied to the mature leaves of a crop. Fatty acid synthesis was investigated through assessment of acyl-acyl carrier proteins using a recently derived quantification method that was extended to accommodate isotopic labeling. Analysis of labeling patterns and flux modeling indicated the continued production of unlabeled starch, sucrose cycling, and a significant contribution of NADP-malic enzyme to plastidic pyruvate production for the production of lipids in HLP leaves, with the latter verified by enzyme activity assays. The results suggest an inherent capacity for a developmentally regulated carbon sink in tobacco leaves and may in part explain the uniquely successful leaf lipid engineering efforts in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Chu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Somnath Koley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Lauren M Jenkins
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Sally R Bailey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | | | - Kevin Foley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Jennifer J Arp
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Stewart A Morley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.
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34
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Singh S, Verma DK, Thakur M, Tripathy S, Patel AR, Shah N, Utama GL, Srivastav PP, Benavente-Valdés JR, Chávez-González ML, Aguilar CN. Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) as green extraction technology for high-value metabolites of algae, its potential trends in food and human health. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110746. [PMID: 34865764 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Application of high-value algal metabolites (HVAMs) in cosmetics, additives, pigments, foods and medicines are very important. These HVAMs can be obtained from the cultivation of micro- and macro-algae. These metabolites can benefit human and animal health in a physiological and nutritional manner. However, because of conventional extraction methods and their energy and the use of pollutant solvents, the availability of HVAMs from algae remains insufficient. Receiving their sustainability and environmental benefits have recently made green extraction technologies for HVAM extractions more desirable. But very little information is available about the technology of green extraction of algae from these HVAM. This review, therefore, highlights the supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) as principal green extraction technologyand theirideal parameters for extracting HVAMs. In first, general information is provided concerning the HVAMs and their components of macro and micro origin. The review also includes a description of SCFE technology's properties, instrumentation operation, solvents used, and the merits and demerits. Moreover, there are several HVAMs associated with their numerous high-level biological activities which include high-level antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial activity and have potential health-beneficial effects in humans since they are all HVAMs, such as foods and nutraceuticals. Finally, it provides future insights, obstacles, and suggestions for selecting the right technologies for extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Singh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh 140413, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Verma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mamta Thakur
- Department of Food Technology, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Soubhagya Tripathy
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Ami R Patel
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology-MIDFT, Dudhsagar Dairy Campus, Mehsana 384 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nihir Shah
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology-MIDFT, Dudhsagar Dairy Campus, Mehsana 384 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Gemilang Lara Utama
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastav
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Juan Roberto Benavente-Valdés
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Campus, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Mónica L Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Campus, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristobal Noe Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Campus, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico.
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35
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Pyc M, Gidda SK, Seay D, Esnay N, Kretzschmar FK, Cai Y, Doner NM, Greer MS, Hull JJ, Coulon D, Bréhélin C, Yurchenko O, de Vries J, Valerius O, Braus GH, Ischebeck T, Chapman KD, Dyer JM, Mullen RT. LDIP cooperates with SEIPIN and LDAP to facilitate lipid droplet biogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3076-3103. [PMID: 34244767 PMCID: PMC8462815 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that store neutral lipids and play critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remain obscure. Here we show that a recently identified protein termed LD-associated protein [LDAP]-interacting protein (LDIP) works together with both endoplasmic reticulum-localized SEIPIN and the LD-coat protein LDAP to facilitate LD formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Heterologous expression in insect cells demonstrated that LDAP is required for the targeting of LDIP to the LD surface, and both proteins are required for the production of normal numbers and sizes of LDs in plant cells. LDIP also interacts with SEIPIN via a conserved hydrophobic helix in SEIPIN and LDIP functions together with SEIPIN to modulate LD numbers and sizes in plants. Further, the co-expression of both proteins is required to restore normal LD production in SEIPIN-deficient yeast cells. These data, combined with the analogous function of LDIP to a mammalian protein called LD Assembly Factor 1, are discussed in the context of a new model for LD biogenesis in plant cells with evolutionary connections to LD biogenesis in other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damien Seay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138, USA
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Franziska K. Kretzschmar
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Nathan M. Doner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - J. Joe Hull
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138, USA
| | - Denis Coulon
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Claire Bréhélin
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Jan de Vries
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences and Campus Institute Data Science, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
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Li-Beisson Y, Kong F, Wang P, Lee Y, Kang BH. The disassembly of lipid droplets in Chlamydomonas. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1359-1364. [PMID: 34028037 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous and specialized organelles in eukaryotic cells. Consisting of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a monolayer of membrane lipids, LDs are decorated with proteins and have myriad functions, from carbon/energy storage to membrane lipid remodeling and signal transduction. The biogenesis and turnover of LDs are therefore tightly coordinated with cellular metabolic needs in a fluctuating environment. Lipid droplet turnover requires remodeling of the protein coat, lipolysis, autophagy and fatty acid β-oxidation. Several key components of these processes have been identified in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), including the major lipid droplet protein, a CXC-domain containing regulatory protein, the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding DTH1 (DELAYED IN TAG HYDROLYSIS1), two lipases and two enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. Here, we review LD turnover and discuss its physiological significance in Chlamydomonas, a major model green microalga in research on algal oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Aix-Marseille Univ, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, 13108, France
| | - Fantao Kong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Zhang Y, Ye Y, Bai F, Liu J. The oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: potential from production to an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:119. [PMID: 33992124 PMCID: PMC8126118 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The algal lipids-based biodiesel, albeit having advantages over plant oils, still remains high in the production cost. Co-production of value-added products with lipids has the potential to add benefits and is thus believed to be a promising strategy to improve the production economics of algal biodiesel. Chromochloris zofingiensis, a unicellular green alga, has been considered as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production because of its robust growth and ability of accumulating high levels of triacylglycerol under multiple trophic conditions. This alga is also able to synthesize high-value keto-carotenoids and has been cited as a candidate producer of astaxanthin, the strongest antioxidant found in nature. The concurrent accumulation of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin enables C. zofingiensis an ideal cell factory for integrated production of the two compounds and has potential to improve algae-based production economics. Furthermore, with the advent of chromosome-level whole genome sequence and genetic tools, C. zofingiensis becomes an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the production of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin by C. zofingiensis. We also update our understanding in the distinctive molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis, with an emphasis on triacylglycerol and astaxanthin biosynthesis and crosstalk between the two pathways. Furthermore, strategies for trait improvements are discussed regarding triacylglycerol and astaxanthin synthesis in C. zofingiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Guéguen N, Le Moigne D, Amato A, Salvaing J, Maréchal E. Lipid Droplets in Unicellular Photosynthetic Stramenopiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639276. [PMID: 33968100 PMCID: PMC8100218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Heterokonta or Stramenopile phylum comprises clades of unicellular photosynthetic species, which are promising for a broad range of biotechnological applications, based on their capacity to capture atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis and produce biomolecules of interest. These molecules include triacylglycerol (TAG) loaded inside specific cytosolic bodies, called the lipid droplets (LDs). Understanding TAG production and LD biogenesis and function in photosynthetic stramenopiles is therefore essential, and is mostly based on the study of a few emerging models, such as the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and eustigmatophytes, such as Nannochloropsis and Microchloropsis species. The biogenesis of cytosolic LD usually occurs at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum. However, stramenopile cells contain a complex plastid deriving from a secondary endosymbiosis, limited by four membranes, the outermost one being connected to the endomembrane system. Recent cell imaging and proteomic studies suggest that at least some cytosolic LDs might be associated to the surface of the complex plastid, via still uncharacterized contact sites. The carbon length and number of double bonds of the acyl groups contained in the TAG molecules depend on their origin. De novo synthesis produces long-chain saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA, MUFA), whereas subsequent maturation processes lead to very long-chain polyunsaturated FA (VLC-PUFA). TAG composition in SFA, MUFA, and VLC-PUFA reflects therefore the metabolic context that gave rise to the formation of the LD, either via an early partitioning of carbon following FA de novo synthesis and/or a recycling of FA from membrane lipids, e.g., plastid galactolipids or endomembrane phosphor- or betaine lipids. In this review, we address the relationship between cytosolic LDs and the complex membrane compartmentalization within stramenopile cells, the metabolic routes leading to TAG accumulation, and the physiological conditions that trigger LD production, in response to various environmental factors.
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Bhunia RK, Sinha K, Kaur R, Kaur S, Chawla K. A Holistic View of the Genetic Factors Involved in Triggering Hydrolytic and Oxidative Rancidity of Rice Bran Lipids. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1915328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kirti Chawla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Doner NM, Seay D, Mehling M, Sun S, Gidda SK, Schmitt K, Braus GH, Ischebeck T, Chapman KD, Dyer JM, Mullen RT. Arabidopsis thaliana EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 7 Localizes to Lipid Droplets via Its Senescence Domain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:658961. [PMID: 33936146 PMCID: PMC8079945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are neutral-lipid-containing organelles found in all kingdoms of life and are coated with proteins that carry out a vast array of functions. Compared to mammals and yeast, relatively few LD proteins have been identified in plants, particularly those associated with LDs in vegetative (non-seed) cell types. Thus, to better understand the cellular roles of LDs in plants, a more comprehensive inventory and characterization of LD proteins is required. Here, we performed a proteomics analysis of LDs isolated from drought-stressed Arabidopsis leaves and identified EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 7 (ERD7) as a putative LD protein. mCherry-tagged ERD7 localized to both LDs and the cytosol when ectopically expressed in plant cells, and the protein's C-terminal senescence domain (SD) was both necessary and sufficient for LD targeting. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ERD7 belongs to a six-member family in Arabidopsis that, along with homologs in other plant species, is separated into two distinct subfamilies. Notably, the SDs of proteins from each subfamily conferred targeting to either LDs or mitochondria. Further, the SD from the ERD7 homolog in humans, spartin, localized to LDs in plant cells, similar to its localization in mammals; although, in mammalian cells, spartin also conditionally localizes to other subcellular compartments, including mitochondria. Disruption of ERD7 gene expression in Arabidopsis revealed no obvious changes in LD numbers or morphology under normal growth conditions, although this does not preclude a role for ERD7 in stress-induced LD dynamics. Consistent with this possibility, a yeast two-hybrid screen using ERD7 as bait identified numerous proteins involved in stress responses, including some that have been identified in other LD proteomes. Collectively, these observations provide new insight to ERD7 and the SD-containing family of proteins in plants and suggest that ERD7 may be involved in functional aspects of plant stress response that also include localization to the LD surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. Doner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Seay
- United States Department of Agriculture, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, Maricopa, AZ, United States
| | - Marina Mehling
- United States Department of Agriculture, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, Maricopa, AZ, United States
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Satinder K. Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - John M. Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, Maricopa, AZ, United States
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Robert T. Mullen,
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de Vries J, Ischebeck T. Ties between Stress and Lipid Droplets Pre-date Seeds. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1203-1214. [PMID: 32921563 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Seeds were a key evolutionary innovation. These durable structures provide a concerted solution to two challenges on land: dispersal and stress. Lipid droplets (LDs) that act as nutrient storage reservoirs are one of the main cell-biological reasons for seed endurance. Although LDs are key structures in spermatophytes and are especially abundant in seeds, they are found across plants and algae, and increase during stress. Further, the proteins that underpin their form and function often have deep homologs. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which (i) the generation of LDs arose as a mechanism to mediate general drought and desiccation resilience, and (ii) the required protein framework was co-opted by spermatophytes for a seed-specific program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstrasse 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidtstrasse 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Till Ischebeck
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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