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Guo C, He J, Deng X, Wang D, Yuan G. Potential therapeutic value of melatonin in diabetic nephropathy: improvement beyond anti-oxidative stress. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1250-1261. [PMID: 34048666 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1933539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes, and it is also the main cause of chronic renal failure. Physiological/pathological changes mediated by high glucose are the main factors causing injury of DN, including the enhancement of polyol pathway, the accumulation of advanced glycation products (AGEs), and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals. In addition, the abnormal activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress are also involved. Melatonin is a physiological hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland which has been proved to be related to diabetes. Studies have shown that exogenous melatonin intervention can reduce blood glucose and alleviate high glucose mediated pathological damage. At the same time, melatonin also has a strong antioxidant effect, and can inhibit the activation of RAS. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the therapeutic effect and value of melatonin on DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Silva RCMC, Vasconcelos LR, Travassos LH. The different facets of heme-oxygenase 1 in innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:609-631. [PMID: 36018440 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are responsible for the main oxidative step in heme degradation, generating equimolar amounts of free iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is induced as a crucial stress response protein, playing protective roles in physiologic and pathological conditions, due to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms behind HO-1-mediated protection are being explored by different studies, affecting cell fate through multiple ways, such as reduction in intracellular levels of heme and ROS, transcriptional regulation, and through its byproducts generation. In this review we focus on the interplay between HO-1 and immune-related signaling pathways, which culminate in the activation of transcription factors important in immune responses and inflammation. We also discuss the dual interaction of HO-1 and inflammatory mediators that govern resolution and tissue damage. We highlight the dichotomy of HO-1 in innate and adaptive immune cells development and activation in different disease contexts. Finally, we address different known anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals that are now being described to modulate HO-1, and the possible contribution of HO-1 in their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ricardo Vasconcelos
- Cellular Signaling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Macrophages Protect Endometriotic Cells Against Oxidative Damage Through a Cross-Talk Mechanism. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2165-2178. [PMID: 35199318 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This aim of this study was to investigate whether macrophages protect endometriotic cells from oxidative injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of any protection. Endometriotic cells cultured with or without differentiated macrophages (dTHP-1 cells) were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or methemoglobin, a major component of hemoglobin species in endometriotic cyst fluid. Co-culture experiments, microarray analysis, screening and validation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), cell proliferation and viability assays, and experiments using a specific inhibitor were conducted to investigate the functional cross-talk between endometriotic cells and macrophages. Microarray analysis revealed that endometriotic cells co-cultured with dTHP-1 differentially express several genes compared with monoculture. Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting analysis identified TGF-β1 as a promising candidate gene expressed in endometriotic cells co-cultured with dTHP-1 cells. TGF-β1 stimulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in dTHP-1 cells. HO-1 expression was increased in dTHP-1 cells co-cultured with endometriotic cells compared with the dTHP-1 monoculture. Both H2O2 and methemoglobin upregulated the expression of the HO-1 protein in the dTHP-1 monoculture; moreover, co-culture with endometriotic cells further enhanced HO-1 production. The co-culture with dTHP-1 protected endometriotic cells against oxidative injury. Blockade of HO-1 abolished the protective effects of macrophages. In an oxidative stress environment, TGF-β1 produced by endometriotic cells may protect against oxidative injury through the upregulation of macrophage-derived HO-1. The cross-talk between endometriotic cells and macrophages may contribute to the progression and pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Li Y, Ma K, Han Z, Chi M, Sai X, Zhu P, Ding Z, Song L, Liu C. Immunomodulatory Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:708453. [PMID: 34504854 PMCID: PMC8421649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.708453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a general term for heterogeneous damage that affects the function and the structure of the kidneys. The rising incidence of kidney diseases represents a considerable burden on the healthcare system, so the development of new drugs and the identification of novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. The pathophysiology of kidney diseases is complex and involves multiple processes, including inflammation, autophagy, cell-cycle progression, and oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in the process of heme degradation, has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its cytoprotective properties. As an enzyme with known anti-oxidative functions, HO-1 plays an indispensable role in the regulation of oxidative stress and is involved in the pathogenesis of several kidney diseases. Moreover, current studies have revealed that HO-1 can affect cell proliferation, cell maturation, and other metabolic processes, thereby altering the function of immune cells. Many strategies, such as the administration of HO-1-overexpressing macrophages, use of phytochemicals, and carbon monoxide-based therapies, have been developed to target HO-1 in a variety of nephropathological animal models, indicating that HO-1 is a promising protein for the treatment of kidney diseases. Here, we briefly review the effects of HO-1 induction on specific immune cell populations with the aim of exploring the potential therapeutic roles of HO-1 and designing HO-1-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyalatu Sai
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolun Ding
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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5
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Balla J, Zarjou A. Heme Burden and Ensuing Mechanisms That Protect the Kidney: Insights from Bench and Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8174. [PMID: 34360940 PMCID: PMC8347331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With iron at its core, the tetrapyrrole heme ring is a cardinal prosthetic group made up of many proteins that participate in a wide array of cellular functions and metabolism. Once released, due to its pro-oxidant properties, free heme in sufficient amounts can result in injurious effects to the kidney and other organs. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has evolved to promptly attend to such injurious potential by facilitating degradation of heme into equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. HO-1 induction is a beneficial response to tissue injury in diverse animal models of diseases, including those that affect the kidney. These protective attributes are mainly due to: (i) prompt degradation of heme leading to restraining potential hazardous effects of free heme, and (ii) generation of byproducts that along with induction of ferritin have proven beneficial in a number of pathological conditions. This review will focus on describing clinical aspects of some of the conditions with the unifying end-result of increased heme burden and will discuss the molecular mechanisms that ensue to protect the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Balla
- ELKH-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 618 Zeigler Research Building, 703 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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The Cross-Link between Ferroptosis and Kidney Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6654887. [PMID: 34007403 PMCID: PMC8110383 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6654887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney injuries result from structural dysfunction and metabolic disorders of the kidney in various etiologies, which significantly affect human survival and social wealth. Nephropathies are often accompanied by various forms of cell death and complex microenvironments. In recent decades, the study of kidney diseases and the traditional forms of cell death have improved. Nontraditional forms of cell death, represented by ferroptosis and necroptosis, have been discovered in the field of kidney diseases, which have reshuffled the role of traditional cell death in nephropathies. Although interactions between ferroptosis and acute kidney injury (AKI) have been continuously explored, studies on ferroptosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain limited. Here, we have reviewed the therapeutic significance of ferroptosis in AKI and anticipated the curative potential of ferroptosis for CKD in the hope of providing insights into ferroptosis and CKD.
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Guan X, Shen J, Xu Y, Feng X, Zhou R. Heme oxygenase-1 enhances autophagy by modulating the AMPK/mTORC1 signaling pathway as a renoprotective mechanism to mitigate lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4807-4818. [PMID: 32913552 PMCID: PMC7476133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a highly poisonous heavy metal and an important occupational hazard, is currently a widespread environmental pollutant. The kidney is especially susceptible to the toxic effects of Pb because of its major role in Pb excretion. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that can mitigate cellular injury. However, its role in Pb-elicited nephrotoxicity remains uncertain. This study was designed to examine the role of HO-1 in lead acetate (PbAc)-induced renal tubular cell injury in vitro. PbAc injury was found to suppress HO-1 expression and impair cell viability, with concomitant depletion of the autophagy proteins LC3-II and Beclin 1. Overexpression of HO-1 dramatically restored autophagy and protected cells against PbAc-induced apoptosis. In addition, pretreatment with 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, aggravated apoptosis and abolished renoprotection by HO-1, suggesting that the anti-apoptotic effect of HO-1 in Pb-induced nephrotoxicity is dependent on enhanced autophagy. Furthermore, HO-1 overexpression abrogated the inhibitory effect of PbAc on the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) signaling pathway. Pretreatment with an AMPK agonist, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D ribofuranoside, markedly enhanced autophagic activity and diminished apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation abolished the pro-autophagic and anti-apoptotic effects of HO-1 in PbAc-injured cells. Our findings suggest that HO-1 alleviates Pb-induced nephrotoxicity via enhanced autophagy, which involves activation of the AMPK/mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Yahong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefang Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
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8
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Wang J, Hu L, Chen Y, Fu T, Jiang T, Jiang A, You X. Sitagliptin improves renal function in diabetic nephropathy in male Sprague Dawley rats through upregulating heme oxygenase-1 expression. Endocrine 2019; 63:70-78. [PMID: 30128961 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress is an important mechanism for diabetic nephropathy. Studies showed that hemo oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in renal tissue of patients with diabetic nephropathy has upregulated, while the HO-1 can protect the body through anti-oxidative stress. The study aimed to preliminarily explore the molecular mechanism by observing the effect of Sitagliptin on HO-1 expression in renal tissue of rats with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS The diabetic nephropathy rat model was established by STZ injection followed by intraperitoneal injection of sitagliptin with different concentrations. The mRNA expressions of HO-1 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot and HO-1 enzyme activity change was detected by colorimetry. Human renal mesangial cell (HRMC) were cultured in vitro with high glucose concentration (30 μmol/L), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) level and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) content in cytoplasm and cell nucleus were observed before and after treatment with sitagliptin, as well as the action of in meditating HO-1 expression. RESULTS HO-1 mRNA, protein level, and HO-1 enzyme activity in renal tissue of rats with diabetic nephropathy were significantly increased after treatment with sitagliptin (P < 0.05). As comparison, the 24 h urinary microalbumin, creatinine, and boold urea nitrogen were all decreased after treatment of sitagliptin (P < 0.05). Similar results were observed after CoPP (an agonist of HO-1) treatment (P < 0.05). In contrast, ZnPP, an inhibitor of HO-1, significantly abrogated the inhibitory effect of sitagliptin (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of PI3K and Nrf2 nuclear translocation under high-glucose concentration condition was induced by sitagliptin in HRMC. HO-1 expression was suppressed by pretreating HRMC with PI3K inhibitor or RNA interference. CONCLUSIONS Sitagliptin may induce HO-1 expression via activation of PI3K and Nrf2 in rats with diabetic nephropathy; HO-1 can improve the oxidative stress of diabetic nephropathy, eventually protect from diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Lan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First people's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Aihua Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
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Gola J, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Wieczorek E, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Adamska J, Gagoś M, Czernel G, Mazurek U. Amphotericin B-copper (II) complex alters transcriptional activity of genes encoding transforming growth factor-beta family members and related proteins in renal cells. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1308-1314. [PMID: 29128814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several chemical modifications have been developed to overcome the toxicity of amphotericin B (AmB). Oxidized forms of AmB (AmB-ox), which may occur in patient's circulation during therapy, are as toxic as AmB. Complexes with copper (II) ions (AmB-Cu2+) have been reported to be less toxic to human cells. Previous studies showed that AmB changed the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of AmB and its modified forms on the expression of genes encoding for TGF-β family members and related proteins in renal cells. METHODS Human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTEC) were treated with AmB-Cu2+, AmB, or the oxidized form AmB-ox. The expression of TGF-β family members and related genes was determined using oligonucleotide microarrays. TGF-β1 protein level was determined using ELISA method. The mRNA level of TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β receptors and differentiating genes was evaluated by real-time RT-qPCR. RESULTS AmB-Cu2+ increased the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 isoforms and two genes encoding receptors: TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. TGF-β1 protein level in culture medium was not increased after stimulation with AmB-Cu2+. Microarray analysis revealed changes in both pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic genes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AmB-Cu2+ may induce repair mechanisms in renal proximal tubule cells via changes in the expression of genes involved in intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Lack of Heme Oxygenase-1 Induces Inflammatory Reaction and Proliferation of Muscle Satellite Cells after Cardiotoxin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:491-506. [PMID: 29169990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, Hmox1) regulates viability, proliferation, and differentiation of many cell types; hence, it may affect regeneration of injured skeletal muscle. Here, we injected cardiotoxin into gastrocnemius muscle of Hmox1+/+ and Hmox1-/- animals and analyzed cellular response after muscle injury, focusing on muscle satellite cells (SCs), inflammatory reaction, fibrosis, and formation of new blood vessels. HO-1 is strongly induced after muscle injury, being expressed mostly in the infiltrating leukocytes (CD45+ cells), including macrophages (F4/80+ cells). Lack of HO-1 augments skeletal muscle injury, evidenced by increased creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, IL-1β, and insulin-like growth factor-1. This, together with disturbed proportion of M1/M2 macrophages, accompanied by enhanced formation of arterioles, may be responsible for shift of Hmox1-/- myofiber size distribution toward larger one. Importantly, HO-1-deficient SCs are prone to activation and have higher proliferation on injury. This effect can be partially mimicked by stimulation of Hmox1+/+ SCs with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, IL-1β, and is associated with increased MyoD expression, suggesting that Hmox1-/- SCs are shifted toward more differentiated myogenic population. However, multiple rounds of degeneration/regeneration in conditions of HO-1 deficiency may lead to exhaustion of SC pool, and the number of SCs is decreased in old Hmox1-/- mice. In summary, HO-1 modulates muscle repair mechanisms preventing its uncontrolled acceleration.
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Krishnan V, Chong YL, Tan TZ, Kulkarni M, Bin Rahmat MB, Tay LS, Sankar H, Jokhun DS, Ganesan A, Chuang LSH, Voon DC, Shivashankar GV, Thiery JP, Ito Y. TGFβ Promotes Genomic Instability after Loss of RUNX3. Cancer Res 2017; 78:88-102. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Beneficial Effects of Allicin in Chronic Kidney Disease Are Comparable to Losartan. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091980. [PMID: 28926934 PMCID: PMC5618629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that allicin may play a role in chronic kidney disease (CKD), reducing hypertension and oxidative stress and improving renal dysfunction. In the present study, CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and the animals were divided into four treatment groups as follows: control (C), CKD, CKD+allicin (40 mg/kg pathway oral) (CKDA), and CKD+Losartan (20 mg/kg) (CKDL). After CKD induction, the rats developed hypertension from week 3 to the end of the study. This was associated with increased creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in serum, increased albuminuria, increased urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), increased nephrin expression, and incrased histological alterations in the cortex. The levels of angiotensin receptors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were decreased in the renal cortex from the CKD group. Otherwise, lipid and protein oxidation were higher in the CKD group than in the control group. A disturbance was observed in the expression levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch ECH associating protein 1 system (Nrf2/keap1) and the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1. Allicin or losartan treatments relieved renal dysfunction, hypertension, and oxidative stress. In addition, both treatments showed the same efficacy on the expression of angiotensin receptors, the nephrin, Nrf2/keap1 pathway, and eNOS. Further in silico analyses suggest that allicin and losartan could have a common mechanism involving interaction with AT1 receptors. Allicin showed antihypertensive, antioxidant, and nephroprotective effects. The beneficial effects showed by allicin are similar, or even better, than those of losartan. In fact, the effect of allicin on blood pressure and renal function is comparable to reductions seen with losartan, a prescription drug commonly used as a first-line therapy.
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Wang L, Zhu Y, Wang L, Hou J, Gao Y, Shen L, Zhang J. Effects of chronic alcohol exposure on ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in mice: the role of β-arrestin 2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3. Exp Mol Med 2017. [PMID: 28642577 PMCID: PMC5519017 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of chronic alcohol intake on the outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, we examined the effects of chronic alcohol intake on the development of renal fibrosis following AKI in an animal model of bilateral renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. We first found that chronic alcohol exposure exacerbated bilateral IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment. This phenomenon was associated with increased bilateral IR-induced extracellular matrix deposition and an increased myofibroblast population as well as increased bilateral IR-induced expression of fibrosis-related genes in the kidneys. To explore the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we showed that chronic alcohol exposure enhanced β-arrestin 2 (Arrb2) expression and Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3)β activation in the kidneys. Importantly, pharmacological GSK3 inhibition alleviated bilateral IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Arrb2−/− mice exhibited resistance to IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment following chronic alcohol exposure, and these effects were associated with attenuated GSK3β activation in the kidneys. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic alcohol exposure may potentiate AKI via β-arrestin 2/Akt/GSK3β-mediated signaling in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongning Gao
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Acute HIV-1 infection is associated with increased plasma levels of heme oxygenase-1 and presence of heme oxygenase-1-specific regulatory T cells. AIDS 2017; 31:635-641. [PMID: 28060008 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress response protein with potent anti-inflammatory activity and recent data suggest a potentially beneficial role in HIV pathogenesis. We investigated the impact of HO-1 and a novel subset of HO-1-specific CD8 regulatory T cells on virus-specific T-cell immunity in HIV-1-infected individuals. METHODS HO-1 protein levels were quantified in plasma from individuals at different stages of HIV-1 disease and longitudinally following primary HIV infection. HO-1-specific CD8 T cells were investigated by flow cytometry using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I pentamers. Flow-sorted HO-1-specific CD8 T cells were cultured and tested for suppressive activity on HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones clones. HO-1 gene expression was determined in sorted peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets from individuals with acute HIV-1 infection. RESULTS HO-1 plasma levels were significantly increased in HIV-1 infection, with the highest levels in individuals with acute HIV-1 infection, and gradually declined over time. The frequency of CD8 T cells specific for HO-1 was elevated in study participants with primary HIV-1 infection and flow-sorted HO-1-specific CD8 T cells were capable of suppressing HIV-1-specific lysis of cytotoxic T-cell clones clones. HO-1 gene expression was upregulated in multiple immune cell subsets during acute HIV-1 infection and HO-1 overexpression modulated anti-HIV immunity in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that HO-1 is induced during acute HIV-1 infection, likely mediating anti-inflammatory effects and driving expansion of HO-1-specific CD8 regulatory T cells capable of suppressing HIV-1-specific immune responses in vitro. The investigation of HO-1 and the novel CD8 regulatory cell type described here provide further insight into immune regulation in HIV-1 infection and may hold potential for future immunotherapeutic intervention.
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Li Z, Xu Y, Liu X, Nie Y, Zhao Z. Urinary heme oxygenase-1 as a potential biomarker for early diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 22:58-64. [PMID: 26733347 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that increases of urinary heme oxygenase-1 (uHO-1) could be a potential biomarker indicating evaluating intrarenal oxidative damage in obstructive nephropathy. Activation of oxidative stress is an important mediator of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical implications of uHO-1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Eighty-four type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (n=28), microalbuminuria (n=28), and macroalbuminuria (n=28) were included in this study. Control samples were collected from healthy volunteers (n=28) who had normal albuminuria and renal function. Urine HO-1 levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Urinary HO-1/creatinine (cr.) levels were significantly elevated in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria compared to those in diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (P<0.001) and control subjects (all P<0.001). In diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, uHO-1/cr. levels were also higher than those in controls (P<0.001). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that uHO-1/cr. levels were positively correlated to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and inversely correlated to glomerular filtration rate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of uHO-1/cr. levels for early diagnosis and detection of DN revealed that the cut-off value of uHO-1/cr. was 4.59 ng/mg (sensitivity 75%, specificity 78.6%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that increases of urine HO-1 levels can be detected in patients with type 2 diabetes before the onset of significant albuminuria, and associated with renal derangement in patients with established diabetic nephropathy. Urinary HO-1 may be used as an early biomarker for diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the People's Hospital of Hebi, Hebi, China
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Center for Experimental Pathology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a considerable burden in healthcare. The heme oxygenase (HO) system plays an important role in regulating oxidative stress and is protective in a variety of human and animal models of kidney disease. Preclinical studies of the HO system have led to the development of several clinical trials targeting the enzyme or its products. RECENT ADVANCES Connection of HO, ferritin, and other proteins involved in iron regulation has provided important insight into mechanisms of damage in AKI. Also, HO-1 expression is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, and progression to end-stage renal disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite intriguing discoveries, no drugs targeting the HO system have been translated to the clinic. Meanwhile, treatments for AKI and CKD are urgently needed. Many factors have likely contributed to challenges in clinical translation, including variation in animal models, difficulties in obtaining human tissue, and complexity of the disease processes being studied. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The HO system represents a promising avenue of investigation that may lead to targeted therapeutics. Tissue-specific gene modulation, widening the scope of animal studies, and continued clinical research will provide valuable insight into the role HO plays in kidney homeostasis and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 165-183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie M Lever
- 1 Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ravindra Boddu
- 1 Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James F George
- 2 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- 1 Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,3 Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama
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Sun Q, Shen ZY, Meng QT, Liu HZ, Duan WN, Xia ZY. The role of DJ-1/Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in rats. Ren Fail 2015; 38:294-304. [PMID: 26643903 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1120119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes, which is associated with an increased oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and alterations in DJ-1/NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway. In the present study, we investigated the role and the proper time nodes of DJ-1/Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of DN. Diabetes mellitus (DM) model of rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) on male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Then, the diabetic rats were divided into 4, 8 and 12 weeks groups. As early at 4 weeks of diabetes, renal histologic evaluation score, cystatin C (Cys C), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) level was decreased as compared with that in the control group. The protein expressions of DJ-1, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were upregulated compared with the control group from 4 weeks and further increased with the progression of DM. The protein expressions of DJ-1, Nrf2 and HO-1 in renal tissues have good line correlations with renal histologic evaluation score, respectively. Taken together, these results suggested that the activation of DJ-1/Nrf2 pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Zi-ying Shen
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Qing-tao Meng
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Hui-zhang Liu
- b Department of Anesthesiology , the Central Hospital of Ezhou , Ezhou , Hubei , China
| | - Wei-na Duan
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Zhong-yuan Xia
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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18
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Singh SP, Tao S, Fields TA, Webb S, Harris RC, Rao R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition attenuates fibroblast activation and development of fibrosis following renal ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:931-40. [PMID: 26092126 PMCID: PMC4527294 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in renal tubular injury and regeneration in acute kidney injury. However, its role in the development of renal fibrosis, often a long-term consequence of acute kidney injury, is unknown. Using a mouse model of renal fibrosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury, we demonstrate increased GSK3β expression and activity in fibrotic kidneys, and its presence in myofibroblasts in addition to tubular epithelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 using TDZD-8 starting before or after ischemia-reperfusion significantly suppressed renal fibrosis by reducing the myofibroblast population, collagen-1 and fibronectin deposition, inflammatory cytokines, and macrophage infiltration. GSK3 inhibition in vivo reduced TGF-β1, SMAD3 activation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels. Consistently in vitro, TGF-β1 treatment increased GSK3β expression and GSK3 inhibition abolished TGF-β1-induced SMAD3 activation and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in cultured renal fibroblasts. Importantly, overexpression of constitutively active GSK3β stimulated α-SMA expression even in the absence of TGF-β1 treatment. These results suggest that TGF-β regulates GSK3β, which in turn is important for TGF-β–SMAD3 signaling and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Overall, these studies demonstrate that GSK3 could promote renal fibrosis by activation of TGF-β signaling and the use of GSK3 inhibitors might represent a novel therapeutic approach for progressive renal fibrosis that develops as a consequence of acute kidney injury. Summary: GSK3 promotes renal fibrosis by activation of TGF-β signaling, and the use of GSK3 inhibitors might represent a novel therapeutic approach for progressive renal fibrosis that develops as a consequence of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra P Singh
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Shixin Tao
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Timothy A Fields
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Sydney Webb
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Reena Rao
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
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Hovater MB, Ying WZ, Agarwal A, Sanders PW. Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide antagonize TGF-β through ligand-independent internalization of TβR1/ALK5. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F727-35. [PMID: 25100282 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00353.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a central role in vascular homeostasis and in the pathology of vascular disease. There is a growing appreciation for the role of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) as highly diffusible, bioactive signaling molecules in the vasculature. We hypothesized that both NO and CO increase endocytosis of TGF-β receptor type 1 (TβR1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through activation of dynamin-2, shielding cells from the effects of circulating TGF-β. In this study, primary cultures of VSMCs from Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with NO-releasing molecule 3 (a NO chemical donor), CO-releasing molecule 2 (a CO chemical donor), or control. NO and CO stimulated dynamin-2 activation in VSMCs. NO and CO promoted time- and dose-dependent endocytosis of TβR1. By decreasing TβR1 surface expression through this dynamin-2-dependent process, NO and CO diminished the effects of TGF-β on VSMCs. These findings help explain an important mechanism by which NO and CO signal in the vasculature by decreasing surface expression of TβR1 and the cellular response to TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hovater
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wei-Zhong Ying
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Involvement of Nrf2-GSH signaling in TGFβ1-stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition changes in rat renal tubular cells. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:272-81. [PMID: 24849033 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. This phenotypic transition has been known to be involved in the development of chronic kidney diseases by activating profibrotic gene expression. Since oxidative stress has been recognized as one of the contributors to this TGFβ1-mediated pathology, we investigated the potential involvement of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), which is a key transcription factor for the regulation of multiple antioxidant genes, in TGFβ1-stimulated EMT gene changes using the rat proximal tubular epithelial cell line NRK52E. The treatment of NRK52E with TGFβ1 led to changes in EMT gene expression, including increased α-Sma and decreased E-cadherin expression. In these cells, the TGFβ1 treatment decreased the transcript level of the catalytic subunit of γ-glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), a glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic enzyme, and reduced the total GSH content with a concomitant decrease in Nrf2 transcription activity. Accordantly, pre-incubation with the GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine attenuated TGFβ1-stimulated EMT gene changes. The involvement of Nrf2 in EMT gene changes has been demonstrated using NRK52E cells with nrf2 knockdown or pharmacological activation. When the expression of Nrf2 was stably silenced in NRK52E cells using interfering RNA administration, Gclc expression was significantly reduced and the increase in the levels of α-Sma and fibronectin-1 by TGFβ1 was greater than those in the nonspecific RNA control group. Conversely, Nrf2 activation and subsequent Gclc increase by Nrf2-activating sulforaphane alleviated the TGFβ1-stimulated α-Sma increase and E-cadherin decrease. Collectively, these results indicate that Nrf2-GSH signaling can modulate TGFβ1-stimulated EMT gene changes and further suggest a beneficial role of Nrf2 inducers in renal pathogenesis.
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21
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Ma N, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhou L, Gao X. The balance mediated by miRNAs and the heme oxygenase 1 feedback loop contributes to biological effects. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2637-42. [PMID: 23939757 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is a ubiquitously expressed inducible enzyme that degrades heme to carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and free iron ions. Since 1950, many studies have revealed the role of HMOX1 in reducing the impact of oxidative stress in many types of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, and the development of tumors. These effects arise as a result of the removal of heme, the biological activities of the products of HMOX1 and the activity of HMOX1 itself. However, HMOX1 has some contradictory effects. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their relationship with HMOX1 has provided a new direction for research in this field. Here, we discuss the role of a potential regulatory feedback loop between HMOX1 and miRNAs in pathological processes based on recently published data. We hope to describe a new mechanism for HMOX1 function based on miRNAs to address the contradictory results reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
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22
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Su MW, Chang SS, Chen CH, Huang CC, Chang SW, Tsai YC, Lam CF. Preconditioning renoprotective effect of isoflurane in a rat model of virtual renal transplant. J Surg Res 2014; 189:135-42. [PMID: 24674838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of warm-cold ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of the kidney grafts is inevitable during renal transplantation. However, there is currently no definite renoprotective strategy available in the protection of the graft tissue. In the present study, we compared the renal protection of preconditioning isoflurane with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a novel rat model of warm-cold renal IR injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive inhaled isoflurane (1.5% for 2 h), NAC (1 g/kg, intra-arterial injection) or placebo before the induction of brief warm ischemia (10 min) followed by cold ischemia (45 min) periods. Plasma levels of creatinine and tissue inflammatory reaction in the kidney were analyzed 72 h after reperfusion. RESULTS Elevated plasma level of creatinine and urea indicated the development of acute renal injury secondary to IR injury. The creatinine levels were reduced in animals pretreated with inhaled isoflurane and NAC, and the level was more significantly decreased in the isoflurane-treated group. Preconditioning with volatile isoflurane also significantly suppressed the tissue myeloperoxidase activity and expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase. Immunostaining confirmed that myeloperoxidase expression was most significantly attenuated in the glomerulus and peritubular capillaries of rats pre-exposed to isoflurane. CONCLUSIONS We present the first study demonstrating that the administration of volatile isoflurane before induction of experimental warm-cold renal IR injury provides preconditioning renoprotective effect, which is superior to the treatment with NAC. The beneficial renoprotective effect of isoflurane is most likely mediated by attenuation of proinflammatory reaction in the injured kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Shin Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fuh Lam
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital and Tzu-Chi University School of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Human adipose-derived stem cells modified by HIF-1α accelerate the recovery of cisplatin-induced acute renal injury in vitro. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:667-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Protective role of low-dose TGF-β1 in early diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:752-8. [PMID: 24055008 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether low-dose TGF-β1 and/or IL-6-receptorα monoclonal antibody (anti-IL-6Rα) can be used to delay renal damage and preserve renal function by rebalancing regulatory T (Treg)/Th17 cells during the course of early diabetic nephropathy (DN) induced by streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by multiple STZ injection. Low-dose TGF-β1 (0.1 μg/mouse/week) and/or anti-IL-6Rα (10 μg/mouse/week) were administered 6 dozes after STZ injection. After 40 days of diabetes onset, metabolic indices, renal structure, activated Akt and Stat3, Treg/Th17 balance, markers and inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in glomeruli were assessed. RESULTS Low-dose TGF-β1, instead of causing renal damage, decreased blood glucose, ameliorated kidney hypertrophy, attenuated oxidative stress, maintained activated Stat3, and induced Treg/Th17 balance in early DN. Interestingly, low-dose TGF-β1+anti-IL-6Rα or anti-IL-6Rα alone did not attenuate DN. CONCLUSIONS This study provides convincing experimental evidence of the protective effects of low-dose TGF-β1 in improving metabolic disorder and slowing renal damage in early DN.
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Wang J, Wang D, Li Y, Gao Y, Wang S, Zuo H, Xu X, Wang S, Peng R. Microarray analysis of altered gene expression and the role of ATF3 in HK-2 cells treated with hemin. Ren Fail 2013; 35:624-32. [PMID: 23560949 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.780619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify gene expression changes and the role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in hemin toxicity in renal tubular epithelial cells, then elucidate molecular mechanisms of hemin toxicity on renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS An oligo array comprising 35,035 genes was used to compare differential gene expression in hemin-treated and non-treated HK-2 cells (human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells), and the role of ATF3 in hemin toxicity was assessed using siRNA technique. RESULTS A total of 128 mRNAs were at least twofold up-regulated and 101 mRNAs were at least twofold down-regulated after hemin treatment. Expression levels of ATF3, heat shock protein 70, c-fos, and c-jun were remarkably increased. Hemin also suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor α, β-2 adrenergic receptor, and interleukin-6 mRNA amounts more than twofold. We further demonstrated the protective role of ATF3 in hemin cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that hemin caused multiple changes of gene expression in HK-2 cells, and ATF3 protects against hemin cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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