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Murphy C, Jennings P, Wilmes A. Transcriptomic profile of human iPSC-derived podocyte-like cells exposed to a panel of xenobiotics. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 97:105804. [PMID: 38447685 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Podocytes play a critical role in the formation and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier and injury to these cells can lead to a breakdown of the glomerular barrier causing permanent damage leading to progressive chronic kidney disease. Matured podocytes have little proliferative potential, which makes them critical cells from a health perspective, but also challenging cells to maintain in vitro. Differentiating podocyte-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provides a novel and continuous source of cells. Here, we investigated the effect of a 24-h exposure to eight compounds, including the known glomerular toxins doxorubicin and pamidronate, on transcriptomic alterations in iPSC derived podocytes. Doxorubicin (50 nM), pamidronate (50 μM), sodium arsenite (10 μM), and cyclosporine A (15 μM) had a strong impact on the transcriptome, gentamicin (450 μg/ml), lead chloride (15 μM) and valproic acid (500 μM) had a mild impact and busulfan (50 μM) exhibited no impact. Gene alterations and pathways analysis provided mechanistic insight for example, doxorubicin exposure affected the p53 pathway and dedifferentiation, pamidronate activated several pathways including HIF1alpha and sodium arsenite up-regulated oxidative stress and metal responses. The results demonstrate the applicability of iPSC derived podocytes for toxicological and mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Murphy
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Typiak M, Żurawa-Janicka D. Not an immune cell, but they may act like one-cells with immune properties outside the immune system. Immunol Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 38650437 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The cells presented in this work are not classified as cells that make up the immune system. They, however, present functions and molecules, which are characteristic of immune cells. These characteristic functions are, for example, sensing threat, performing phagocytosis, presentation of foreign antigens, cytokine release or enhancing immune memory. The enlisted immune response mechanisms are carried out by the possession of molecules such as Toll-like receptors, receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, costimulatory CD80/CD86 proteins and molecules needed for NLRP3 (NOD-like family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation. Thanks to these properties, the described nonimmune cells play an important role in the local immune response and support of the entire body in the fight against pathogens. They constitute the first line of defense of tissues and organs against pathogens and molecules recognized as harmful. The cells described in this article are particularly important in immunologically privileged places (e.g. the Bowman's capsule in the kidney), where "typical" immune cells normally do not have access. In this paper, we present immune-like functions and molecule suites of resident kidney cells (podocytes and mesangial cells), cochlear resident cells, fibrocytes and fibroblasts, as well as some stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Typiak
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Żurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
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Zeng L, Ng JKC, Fung WWS, Chan GCK, Chow KM, Szeto CC. Urinary podocyte stress marker as a prognostic indicator for diabetic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:32. [PMID: 38267859 PMCID: PMC10807208 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney diseases (DKD) is a the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) around the world. Previous studies suggest that urinary podocyte stress biomarker, e.g. podocin:nephrin mRNA ratio, is a surrogate marker of podocyte injury in non-diabetic kidney diseases. METHOD We studied 118 patients with biopsy-proved DKD and 13 non-diabetic controls. Their urinary mRNA levels of nephrin, podocin, and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) were quantified. Renal events, defined as death, dialysis, or 40% reduction in glomerular filtration rate, were determined at 12 months. RESULTS Urinary podocin:nephrin mRNA ratio of DKD was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.0019), while urinary nephrin:AQP2 or podocin:AQP2 ratios were not different between groups. In DKD, urinary podocin:nephrin mRNA ratio correlated with the severity of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (r = 0.254, p = 0.006). and was associated with the renal event-free survival in 12 months (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.523; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.157-2.006; p = 0.003). After adjusting for clinical and pathological factors, urinary podocin:nephrin mRNA ratio have a trend to predict renal event-free survival (adjusted HR, 1.327; 95%CI 0.980-1.797; p = 0.067), but the result did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Urinary podocin:nephrin mRNA ratio has a marginal prognostic value in biopsy-proven DKD. Further validation is required for DKD patients without kidney biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Zeng
- Department of General Medicine, The Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Guo Z, Guo Q, Li X, Gao X, Zhang L, Xu K. Urinary biomarkers associated with podocyte injury in lupus nephritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1324540. [PMID: 38313309 PMCID: PMC10834635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1324540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent and devastating form of organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is lupus nephritis (LN). LN is characterized by glomerular injury, inflammation, cell proliferation, and necrosis, leading to podocyte injury and tubular epithelial cell damage. Assays for urine biomarkers have demonstrated significant promise in the early detection of LN, evaluation of disease activity, and tracking of reaction to therapy. This is because they are non-invasive, allow for frequent monitoring and easy self-collection, transport and storage. Podocyte injury is believed to be a essential factor in LN. The extent and type of podocyte injury could be connected to the severity of proteinuria, making podocyte-derived cellular debris and injury-related urinary proteins potential markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of LN. This article focuses on studies examining urinary biomarkers associated with podocyte injury in LN, offering fresh perspectives on the application of biomarkers in the early detection and management of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ke Xu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Jiang H, Shen Z, Zhuang J, Lu C, Qu Y, Xu C, Yang S, Tian X. Understanding the podocyte immune responses in proteinuric kidney diseases: from pathogenesis to therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1335936. [PMID: 38288116 PMCID: PMC10822972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1335936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The glomerular filtration barrier, comprising the inner layer of capillary fenestrated endothelial cells, outermost podocytes, and the glomerular basement membrane between them, plays a pivotal role in kidney function. Podocytes, terminally differentiated epithelial cells, are challenging to regenerate once injured. They are essential for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Damage to podocytes, resulting from intrinsic or extrinsic factors, leads to proteinuria in the early stages and eventually progresses to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Immune-mediated podocyte injury is a primary pathogenic mechanism in proteinuric glomerular diseases, including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and lupus nephritis with podocyte involvement. An extensive body of evidence indicates that podocytes not only contribute significantly to the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier and serve as targets of immune responses but also exhibit immune cell-like characteristics, participating in both innate and adaptive immunity. They play a pivotal role in mediating glomerular injury and represent potential therapeutic targets for CKD. This review aims to systematically elucidate the mechanisms of podocyte immune injury in various podocyte lesions and provide an overview of recent advances in podocyte immunotherapy. It offers valuable insights for a deeper understanding of the role of podocytes in proteinuric glomerular diseases, and the identification of new therapeutic targets, and has significant implications for the future clinical diagnosis and treatment of podocyte-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhirang Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Chengren Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shufen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Ren H, Huang M, Ou L, Deng X, Wu X, Gong Q, Liu B. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine attenuates renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:793-800. [PMID: 38800022 PMCID: PMC11127078 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.71378.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether 3-methyladenine (3-MA) can protect the kidney of streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetes mice, and explore its possible mechanism. Materials and Methods STZ was used to induce diabetes in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetes group (DM), and diabetes+3-MA intervention group (DM+3-MA). Blood glucose, water consumption, and body weight were recorded weekly. At the end of the 6th week of drug treatment, 24-hour urine was collected. Blood and kidneys were collected for PAS staining to evaluate the degree of renal injury. Sirius red staining was used to assess collagen deposition. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and 24-hour urine albumin were used to evaluate renal function. Western blot was used to detect fibrosis-related protein, inflammatory mediators, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/NF-κB signal pathway molecule, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and podocin, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression and localization of autophagy-related protein and fibronectin. Results Compared with the kidney of normal control mice, the kidney of diabetes control mice was more pale and hypertrophic. Hyperglycemia induces renal autophagy and activates the HMGB1/NF-κB signal pathway, leading to the increase of inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and proteinuria in the kidney. In diabetic mice treated with 3-MA, blood glucose decreased, autophagy and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathways in the kidneys were inhibited, and proteinuria, renal hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis were improved. Conclusion 3-MA can attenuate renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic mice through inhibition of autophagy and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402760, China
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Mengxin Huang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Liwen Ou
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Benju Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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Eshraghi Y, Abedi M, Gheisari Y. Proteomics to Metabolomics: A New Insight into the Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Nephropathy. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:710-726. [PMID: 37793351 PMCID: PMC10681119 DOI: 10.1159/000534354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is a high-burden disorder and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Despite huge investigations, the underlying mechanisms are yet largely unknown. Systems biology is a promising approach to providing a comprehensive insight into this complex disorder. METHODS Proteome profiles of kidney tubulointerstitium and outer and inner cortex from a rat model of HN were retrieved from the proteomics identification database, and the quality of the datasets was assessed. Proteins that exhibited differential expression were detected and their interactions were analyzed in the kidney sub-compartments. Furthermore, enzymes were linked to the attributed metabolites. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify key pathways and processes based on the differentially expressed proteins and predicted metabolites. RESULTS Proteasome-mediated protein degradation, actin cytoskeleton organization, and Rho GTPase signaling pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of HN. Furthermore, tissue hypoxia and dysregulated energy homeostasis are among the key underlying events. The metabolism of purine and amino acids is also affected in HN. CONCLUSION Although the proposed pathogenic mechanisms remain to be further validated in experimental studies, this study contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HN through a systematic unsupervised approach. Considering the significant alterations of metabolic pathways, HN can be viewed as an "acquired error of metabolism."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Eshraghi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Abedi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kurniawan LB, Andriany R, Widaningsih Y, Esa T, Bahrun U, Adnan E, Arif M. Glycemic control as the main determinant factor of serum VEGF levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MEDECINE INTERNE 2023; 61:135-140. [PMID: 37018123 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a main endocrine disorder that may cause vascular complications as the disease progresses. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been linked to the development of micro and macrovascular diabetic complications. This study aimed to assess several factors including blood pressure, body mass index, lipid profile, kidney function, and glycemic control that may provide the rise of serum VEGF levels in type 2 DM subjects. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 65 type 2 DM subjects. Systole, diastole, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The levels of serum VEGF were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured by latex agglutination inhibition test, while serum glucose, lipid profiles, urea, and creatinine levels were tested by enzymatic photometric method. Results. The levels of serum VEGF had a significant correlation with BMI (p = 0.001, r = 0.397), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = 0.001, r = 0.418), HbA1c (p < 0.001, r = 0.600), systole (p = 0.001), r = 0.397), diastole (p = 0.021, r = 0.286), and MAP (p = 0.001, r = 0.001). Further multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that HbA1c logarithm (log) was the determinant factor of VEGF levels (p < 0.001, β = 0.631, Adjusted R2 = 38.9%) Conclusion. HbA1c is the main determinant factor of serum VEGF levels among type 2 DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liong Boy Kurniawan
- 1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia
| | - Rika Andriany
- 2Sulawesi Selatan Province Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Yuyun Widaningsih
- 1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia
| | - Tenri Esa
- 1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia
| | - Uleng Bahrun
- 1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia
| | - Endy Adnan
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mansyur Arif
- 1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia
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Nicese MN, Bijkerk R, Van Zonneveld AJ, Van den Berg BM, Rotmans JI. Sodium Butyrate as Key Regulator of Mitochondrial Function and Barrier Integrity of Human Glomerular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13090. [PMID: 37685905 PMCID: PMC10487840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as an important modulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. The composition of gut microbiota in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) is altered, where a lower number of bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is observed. It is known that SCFAs, such as butyrate and acetate, have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases and CKD but their mechanisms of action remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effect of butyrate and acetate on glomerular endothelial cells. Human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (hgMVECs) were cultured and exposed to butyrate and acetate and their effects on cellular proliferation, mitochondrial mass and metabolism, as well as monolayer integrity were studied. While acetate did not show any effects on hgMVECs, our results revealed that butyrate reduces the proliferation of hgMVECs, strengthens the endothelial barrier through increased expression of VE-cadherin and Claudin-5 and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, butyrate reduces the increase in oxygen consumption induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), revealing a protective effect of butyrate against the detrimental effects of LPS. Taken together, our data show that butyrate is a key player in endothelial integrity and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Novella Nicese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan Van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M. Van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I. Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ivanova MM, Dao J, Slayeh OA, Friedman A, Goker-Alpan O. Circulated TGF-β1 and VEGF-A as Biomarkers for Fabry Disease-Associated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:2102. [PMID: 37626912 PMCID: PMC10453505 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal disorder caused by α-galactosidase A deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb-3) and its metabolite globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb-3). Cardiovascular complications and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are the most frequent manifestations of FD. While an echocardiogram and cardiac MRI are clinical tools to assess cardiac involvement, hypertrophic pattern variations and fibrosis make it crucial to identify biomarkers to predict early cardiac outcomes. This study aims to investigate potential biomarkers associated with HCM in FD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β active form (a-TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in 45 patients with FD, categorized into cohorts based on the HCM severity. TGF-β1, a-TGF-β, FGF2, and VEGF-A were elevated in FD. While the association of TGF-β1 with HCM was not gender-related, VEGF was elevated in males with FD and HCM. Female patients with abnormal electrocardiograms but without overt HCM also have elevated TGF-β1. Lyso-Gb3 is correlated with TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and a-TGF-β1. Elevation of TGF-β1 provides evidence of the chronic inflammatory state as a cause of myocardial fibrosis in FD patients; thus, it is a potential marker of early cardiac fibrosis detected even prior to hypertrophy. TGF-β1 and VEGF biomarkers may be prognostic indicators of adverse cardiovascular events in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita M. Ivanova
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, 3702 Pender Drive, Ste 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, 3702 Pender Drive, Ste 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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11
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Zhang K, Fu Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Cai G, Hong Q. The role of cellular crosstalk in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1173933. [PMID: 37538798 PMCID: PMC10395826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and its main manifestations are progressive proteinuria and abnormal renal function, which eventually develops end stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathogenesis of DN is complex and involves many signaling pathways and molecules, including metabolic disorders, genetic factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microcirculatory abnormalities strategies. With the development of medical experimental techniques, such as single-cell transcriptome sequencing and single-cell proteomics, the pathological alterations caused by kidney cell interactions have attracted more and more attention. Here, we reviewed the characteristics and related mechanisms of crosstalk among kidney cells podocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, pericytes, and immune cells during the development and progression of DN and highlighted its potential therapeutic effects.
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Wang H, Wang J, Liu T, Leng Y, Yang W. Stem cell-derived exosomal MicroRNAs: Potential therapies in diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114961. [PMID: 37257230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is chronic kidney disease caused by diabetes and one of the most common comorbidities. It is often more difficult to treat end-stage renal disease once it develops because of its complex metabolic disorders, so early prevention and treatment are important. However, currently available DKD therapies are not ideal, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The potential of stem cell therapies partly depends on their ability to secrete exosomes. More and more studies have shown that stem cell-derived exosomes take part in the DKD pathophysiological process, which may offer an effective therapy for DKD treatment. Herein, we mainly review potential therapies of stem cell-derived exosomes mainly stem cell-derived exosomal microRNAs in DKD, including their protective effects on mesangial cells, podocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells. Using this secretome as possible therapeutic drugs without potential carcinogenicity should be the focus of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Moore M, Afolayan-Oloye O, Kroneman O, Li W, Kanaan HD, Zhang PL. Proteinuria in thrombotic microangiopathy is associated with partial podocytopathy. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:219-226. [PMID: 36906888 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2189341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) results in acute kidney injury, but the cause of heavy proteinuria in this disorder is puzzling. The goal of this study was to determine if there were significant effacement of foot processes and CD133-positive hyperplastic podocytes in TMA to explain the proteinuria. METHODS The study included 12 negative controls (renal parenchyma removed from renal cell carcinoma) and 28 thrombotic microangiopathy due to different etiologies. The percent of foot process effacement was estimated, and proteinuria level was obtained for each TMA case. Both groups of cases were stained for CD133 by immunohistochemical method, and the number of positive CD133 in hyperplastic podocytes was counted and analyzed. RESULTS Nineteen (19) of 28 (68%) TMA cases had nephrotic range proteinuria (urine protein/creatinine >3). Twenty-one (21) of 28 (75%) TMA cases showed positive CD133 staining in scattered hyperplastic podocytes within Bowman's space but was absent in control cases. The percent of foot process effacement (56 ± 4%) correlated with proteinuria (protein/creatinine ratio 4.4 ± 0.6) (r = 0.46, p = .0237) in TMA group. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the proteinuria in TMA can be associated with significant effacement of foot processes. CD133-positive hyperplastic podocytes can be seen in the majority of TMA cases of this cohort, indicating a partial podocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Moore
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | | | - Olaf Kroneman
- Division of Nephrology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Labs, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - Ping L Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Labs, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Putra IMWA, Fakhrudin N, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. A Review of Medicinal Plants with Renoprotective Activity in Diabetic Nephropathy Animal Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020560. [PMID: 36836916 PMCID: PMC9963806 DOI: 10.3390/life13020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also recognized as diabetic kidney disease, is a kidney malfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. A possible contributing factor to the onset of DN is hyperglycemia. Poorly regulated hyperglycemia can damage blood vessel clusters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Its treatment is difficult and expensive because its causes are extremely complex and poorly understood. Extracts from medicinal plants can be an alternative treatment for DN. The bioactive content in medicinal plants inhibits the progression of DN. This work explores the renoprotective activity and possible mechanisms of various medicinal plant extracts administered to diabetic animal models. Research articles published from 2011 to 2022 were gathered from several databases including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect to ensure up-to-date findings. Results showed that medicinal plant extracts ameliorated the progression of DN via the reduction in oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation, advanced glycation end-product formation, cell apoptosis, and tissue injury-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra
- Department of Biology, University of Dhyana Pura, Badung 80351, Indonesia
- Doctorate Program of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Arief Nurrochmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Subagus Wahyuono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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The Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Renal Cell Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Disease: An Update. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020539. [PMID: 36836895 PMCID: PMC9967500 DOI: 10.3390/life13020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of type I and II diabetes. It develops from the initial microproteinuria to end-stage renal failure. The main initiator for DN is chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia (HG) can stimulate the resident and non-resident renal cells to produce humoral mediators and cytokines that can lead to functional and phenotypic changes in renal cells and tissues, interference with cell growth, interacting proteins, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), etc., ultimately resulting in glomerular and tubular damage and the onset of kidney disease. Therefore, poor blood glucose control is a particularly important risk factor for the development of DN. In this paper, the types and mechanisms of DN cell damage are classified and summarized by reviewing the related literature concerning the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of DN. At the cellular level, we summarize the mechanisms and effects of renal damage by hyperglycemia. This is expected to provide therapeutic ideas and inspiration for further studies on the treatment of patients with DN.
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Ma Y, Deng Y, Li N, Dong A, Li H, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhang M. Network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental validation to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Schisandra Chinensis Mixture on diabetic nephropathy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115768. [PMID: 36280016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The inflammatory response plays a critical role in DN. Schisandra Chinensis Mixture (SM) has shown promising clinical efficacy in the treatment of DN while the pharmacological mechanisms are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, a network pharmacology approach and bioinformatic analysis were adopted to predict the pharmacological mechanisms of SM in DN therapy. Based on the predicted results, molecular docking and in vivo experiments were used for verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the candidate bioactive ingredients of SM were obtained via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and supplementing according to the literature. SM putative targets and the verified targets were acquired from TCMSP and SiwssTartgetPrediction Database. DN-related target genes were collected from GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET databases, and microarray data analysis. Biological function and pathway analysis were performed to further explore the pharmacological mechanisms of SM in DN therapy. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to screen the hub gene. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and the molecular docking simulations were performed to validate the potential target-drug interactions. The fingerprint spectrum of multi-components of the SM was characterized by UPLC-MS/MS. The signaling pathways associated with inflammation and hub genes were partially validated in SD rats. RESULTS A total of 36 bioactive ingredients were contained, and 666 component-related targets were screened from SM, of which 50 intersected with DN targets and were considered potential therapeutic targets. GO analyses revealed that the 50 intersection targets were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response, positive regulation of angiogenesis, and positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) signaling. KEGG analyses indicated that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was considered as the most important pathway for SM antagonism to the occurrence and development of DN, with the highest target count enrichment. PPI network results showed that the top 15 protein targets in degree value, VEGFA, JAK2, CSF1R, NOS3, CCR2, CCR5, TLR7, FYN, BTK, LCK, PLAT, NOS2, TEK, MMP1 and MCL1, were identified as hub genes. The results of ROC analysis showed that VEGFA and NOS3 were valuable in the diagnosis of DN. The molecular docking confirmed that the core bioactive ingredients had well-binding affinity for VEGFA and NOS3. The in vivo experiments confirmed that SM significantly inhibited the over-release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-α in DN rats, while regulating the PI3K-AKT and VEGFA-NOS3 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study revealed the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of SM therapeutic DN. SM inhibited the inflammatory response and improved renal pathological damage in DN rats, which was related to the regulation of the PI3K-Akt and VEGFA-NOS3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Na Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ao Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hongdian Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shu Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sai Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China; Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300120, China.
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Rai B, Pande A, Tiwari S. TRAIL and EGFR Pathways Targeting microRNAs are Predominantly Regulated in Human Diabetic Nephropathy. Microrna 2023; 12:143-155. [PMID: 37098997 DOI: 10.2174/2211536612666230407093841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unbiased microRNA profiling of renal tissue and urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) from diabetic nephropathy (DN) subjects may unravel novel targets with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Here we used the miRNA profile of uEVs and renal biopsies from DN subjects available on the GEO database. METHODS The miR expression profiles of kidney tissue (GSE51674) and urinary exosomes (GSE48318) from DN and control subjects were obtained by GEO2R tools from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differentially expressed miRNAs in DN samples, relative to controls, were identified using a bioinformatic pipeline. Targets of miRs commonly regulated in both sample types were predicted by miRWalk, followed by functional gene enrichment analysis. Gene targets were identified by MiRTarBase, TargetScan and MiRDB. RESULTS Eight miRs, including let-7c, miR-10a, miR-10b and miR-181c, were significantly regulated in kidney tissue and uEVs in DN subjects versus controls. The top 10 significant pathways targeted by these miRs included TRAIL, EGFR, Proteoglycan syndecan, VEGF and Integrin Pathway. Gene target analysis by miRwalk upon validation using ShinyGO 70 targets with significant miRNA-mRNA interaction. CONCLUSION In silico analysis showed that miRs targeting TRAIL and EGFR signaling are predominately regulated in uEVs and renal tissue of DN subjects. After wet-lab validation, the identified miRstarget pairs may be explored for their diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvnesh Rai
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Akshara Pande
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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18
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Fang Y, Zhang Y, Jia C, Ren C, Zhao X, Zhang X. Niaoduqing alleviates podocyte injury in high glucose model via regulating multiple targets and AGE/RAGE pathway: Network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1047184. [PMID: 36923354 PMCID: PMC10009170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1047184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of present study was to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Niaoduqing granules on the treatment of podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) via network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods: Active ingredients and related targets of Niaoduqing, as well as related genes of podocyte injury, proteinuria and DN, were obtained from public databases. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms. High glucose (HG) -induced MPC5 cell injury model was treated with the major core active ingredients of Niaoduqing and used to validate the predicted targets and signaling pathways. Results: Totally, 16 potential therapeutic targets were identified by intersecting the targets of Niaoduqing and disease, in which 7 of them were considered as the core targets via PPI network analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that AGE-RAGE signaling pathway was identified as the most crucial signaling pathway. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that the treatment of Niaoduqing active ingredients significantly protected MPC5 cells from HG-induced apoptosis. Moreover, Niaoduqing could significantly attenuate the HG-induced activation of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, whereas inhibited the over-expression of VEGF-A, ICAM-1, PTGS-2 and ACE in HG-induced MPC5 cells. Conclusion: Niaoduqing might protect against podocyte injury in DN through regulating the activity of AGE/RAGE pathway and expression of multiple genes. Further clinical and animal experimental studies are necessary to confirm present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Tianjin Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Jia
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhong Ren
- International Medical Service Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xutao Zhao
- Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zhang,
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Glomerular Endothelial Cell-Derived miR-200c Impairs Glomerular Homeostasis by Targeting Podocyte VEGF-A. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315070. [PMID: 36499397 PMCID: PMC9735846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms of primary podocytopathies that can lead to end-stage renal disease and increased mortality is an unmet need. Studying how microRNAs (miRs) interfere with various signaling pathways enables identification of pathomechanisms, novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic options. We investigated the expression of miR-200c in urine from patients with different renal diseases as a potential candidate involved in podocytopathies. The role of miR-200c for the glomerulus and its potential targets were studied in cultured human podocytes, human glomerular endothelial cells and in the zebrafish model. miR-200c was upregulated in urine from patients with minimal change disease, membranous glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and also in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) stressed glomerular endothelial cells, but not in podocytes. In zebrafish, miR-200c overexpression caused proteinuria, edema, podocyte foot process effacement and glomerular endotheliosis. Although zinc finger E-Box binding homeobox 1/2 (ZEB1/2), important in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), are prominent targets of miR-200c, their downregulation did not explain our zebrafish phenotype. We detected decreased vegfaa/bb in zebrafish overexpressing miR-200c and could further prove that miR-200c decreased VEGF-A expression and secretion in cultured human podocytes. We hypothesize that miR-200c is released from glomerular endothelial cells during cell stress and acts in a paracrine, autocrine, as well as context-dependent manner in the glomerulus. MiR-200c can cause glomerular damage most likely due to the reduction of podocyte VEGF-A. In contrast, miR-200c might also influence ZEB expression and therefore EMT, which might be important in other conditions. Therefore, we propose that miR-200c-mediated effects in the glomerulus are context-sensitive.
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Zeng L, Fung WWS, Chan GCK, Ng JKC, Chow KM, Szeto CC. Urinary and Kidney Podocalyxin and Podocin Levels in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Kidney Biopsy Study. Kidney Med 2022; 5:100569. [PMID: 36654969 PMCID: PMC9841354 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Diabetic kidney diseases (DKDs) are the most common cause of dialysis-dependent kidney disease around the world. Previous studies have suggested that urinary level of podocyte-associated molecules may predict the prognosis of DKD. Study Design Observational cohort. Setting & Participants 118 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven DKD; 13 nondiabetic patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis as controls. Predictors Urinary podocalyxin and podocin levels were obtained by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the corresponding intrarenal levels by western blotting. Outcomes Dialysis-free survival; kidney event-free survival; rate of kidney function decline in 12 months. Analytical Approach Correlation and time to event analysis. Results Urinary podocalyxin level was closely correlated with its messenger RNA (mRNA) level (r = 0.562, P < 0.001), but this did not predict the progression of DKD. Intrarenal podocalyxin level had only modest correlation with its urinary mRNA and ELISA levels, was an independent predictor of dialysis-free survival (adjusted HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.21-2.82; P = 0.005), and showed an insignificant trend of predicting kidney event-free survival (adjusted HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.94-1.95; P = 0.10). Urinary podocin level by ELISA had a modest correlation with the rate of kidney function decline (r = 0.238, P = 0.01) but did not predict dialysis-free survival. Limitations Small sample size; lack of serial measurement. Conclusions Intrarenal podocalyxin level, but not its urinary level, was an independent predictor of dialysis-free survival, whereas urinary podocin level by ELISA correlated with the rate of kidney function decline. Although intrarenal podocalyxin level has prognostic value, it may not be suitable for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Zeng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Address for Correspondence: Cheuk-Chun Szeto, MD, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Blood Glucose, HbA1c Level, and its Correlation with VEGF-A (+405G/C) Polymorphism as Biomarker Predicts the Risk of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:421-429. [PMID: 36718295 PMCID: PMC9883040 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes-related vascular complications linked to increase in the expression of VEGF and its receptors. It helps to accelerate tissue damage inflicted by hyperglycemia, which is potential risk for diabetic complications. The study aimed to assess VEGF genetic polymorphism and its correlation with glucose and HbA1C level among Sudanese patients with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Methods A case-control study was conducted among a total of 252 subjects and divided into four groups of 63 subjects each. Glucose and HBA1c were measured then the VEGF gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results The HBA1c, and blood glucose levels had significantly (P value≤0.00001) highest mean in the DR group, DN group followed by DM. There is a non-significant correlation between VEGF Genotypes and HbA1c, and blood glucose levels (P value≤0.102, 0.173) Patients with GC genotypes will be 74.6%, and 54% higher at risk to develop DR, and DN respectively and 40 % lower at risk to develop DM than those without GC genotype. While patients with CC genotypes will be 22.2% higher at risk of developing DM and 9.5%, 12.2% higher at risk of developing DR and DN respectively. Discussion The VEGF +405G/C gene polymorphism is linked to diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 Sudanese diabetics, and the presence of the GC genotypes and G allele is a significant predictor for retinopathy. There is no significant relation between HbA1C serum levels, blood glucose, and the VEGF +405G/C gene polymorphism.
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22
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Grochowalska K, Pikul P, Piwkowska A. Insights into the regulation of podocyte and glomerular function by lactate and its metabolic sensor G-protein-coupled receptor 81. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4097-4111. [PMID: 36084306 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes are an important cellular layer of the renal filtration barrier that is involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances of podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction and effacement of podocyte foot processes that form slit diaphragms are a common feature of proteinuria. Correlations between the retraction of foot processes and the development of proteinuria are not well understood. Unraveling peculiarities of podocyte energy metabolism notably under diabetic conditions will provide insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Intracellular metabolism in the cortical area of podocytes is regulated by glycolysis, whereas energy balance in the central area is controlled by oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. High glucose concentrations were recently reported to force podocytes to switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, resulting in lactic acidosis. In this review, we hypothesize that the lactate receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 81) may contribute to the control of podocyte function in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Grochowalska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Pikul
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Finch NC, Fawaz SS, Neal CR, Butler MJ, Lee VK, Salmon AJ, Lay AC, Stevens M, Dayalan L, Band H, Mellor HH, Harper SJ, Shima DT, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC. Reduced Glomerular Filtration in Diabetes Is Attributable to Loss of Density and Increased Resistance of Glomerular Endothelial Cell Fenestrations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1120-1136. [PMID: 35292439 PMCID: PMC9161794 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) fenestrations are recognized as an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier, yet little is known about how they are regulated and their role in disease. METHODS We comprehensively characterized GEnC fenestral and functional renal filtration changes including measurement of glomerular Kf and GFR in diabetic mice (BTBR ob-/ob- ). We also examined and compared human samples. We evaluated Eps homology domain protein-3 (EHD3) and its association with GEnC fenestrations in diabetes in disease samples and further explored its role as a potential regulator of fenestrations in an in vitro model of fenestration formation using b.End5 cells. RESULTS Loss of GEnC fenestration density was associated with decreased filtration function in diabetic nephropathy. We identified increased diaphragmed fenestrations in diabetes, which are posited to increase resistance to filtration and further contribute to decreased GFR. We identified decreased glomerular EHD3 expression in diabetes, which was significantly correlated with decreased fenestration density. Reduced fenestrations in EHD3 knockdown b.End5 cells in vitro further suggested a mechanistic role for EHD3 in fenestration formation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the critical role of GEnC fenestrations in renal filtration function and suggests EHD3 may be a key regulator, loss of which may contribute to declining glomerular filtration function through aberrant GEnC fenestration regulation. This points to EHD3 as a novel therapeutic target to restore filtration function in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Finch
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah S. Fawaz
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R. Neal
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian K. Lee
- Translational Vision Research, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Salmon
- Renal Service, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abigail C. Lay
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Stevens
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lusyan Dayalan
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Harry H. Mellor
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Harper
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David T. Shima
- Translational Vision Research, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R. Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Li Y, Li T, Zhou Z, Xiao Y. Emerging roles of Galectin-3 in diabetes and diabetes complications: A snapshot. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:569-577. [PMID: 35083706 PMCID: PMC9156459 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family, widely expressed in immune cells and plays a role mainly in inflammation, autoimmunity, apoptosis, and chemotaxis. We summarized the roles of Galectin-3 in diabetes and its complications, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Clinical research has determined that the circulating level of Galectin-3 is closely related to diabetes and its complications, thus it is promising to use Galectin-3 as a predictor and biomarker for those diseases. Galectin-3 also may be considered as an ideal therapeutic target, which has broad prospects in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications, especially macrovascular and microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Rd, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, 176, West Labour Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Rd, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Rd, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Chung H, Lee SW, Hyun M, Kim SY, Cho HG, Lee ES, Kang JS, Chung CH, Lee EY. Curcumin Blocks High Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury via RIPK3-Dependent Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:800574. [PMID: 35706905 PMCID: PMC9189280 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.800574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte loss is well known to play a critical role in the early progression of diabetic nephropathy. A growing number of studies are paying attention to necroptosis, a programmed form of cell necrosis as a mechanism of podocyte loss. Although necroptosis is a recently established concept, the significance of receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3), a gene that encodes for the homonymous enzyme RIPK3 responsible for the progression of necroptosis, is well studied. Curcumin, a natural hydrophobic polyphenol compound responsible for the yellow color of Curcuma longa, has drawn attention due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on cells prone to necroptosis. Nonetheless, effects of curcumin on high glucose-induced podocyte necroptosis have not been reported yet. Therefore, this study investigated RIPK3 expression in high glucose-treated podocytes to identify the involvement of necroptosis via the RIPK3 pathway and the effects of curcumin treatment on RIPK3-dependent podocytopathy in a hyperglycemic environment. The study discovered that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in renal podocytes induced by high glucose was improved after curcumin treatment. Curcumin treatment also significantly restored the upregulated levels of VEGF, TGF-β, and CCL2 mRNAs and the downregulated level of nephrin mRNA in cultured podocytes exposed to a high glucose environment. High glucose-induced changes in protein expression of TGF-β, nephrin, and CCL2 were considerably reverted to their original levels after curcumin treatment. Increased expression of RIPK3 in high glucose-stimulated podocytes was alleviated by curcumin treatment as well as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, an antioxidant) or GSK′872 (a RIPK3 inhibitor). Consistent with this, the increased necroptosis-associated molecules, such as RIPK3, pRIPK3, and pMLKL, were also restored by curcumin in high glucose-treated mesangial cells. DCF-DA assay confirmed that such a result was attributed to the reduction of RIPK3 through the antioxidant effect of curcumin. Further observations of DCF-DA-sensitive intracellular ROS in NAC-treated and GSK′872-treated podocyte groups showed a reciprocal regulatory relationship between ROS and RIPK3. The treatment of curcumin and GSK′872 in podocytes incubated with high glucose protected from excessive intracellular superoxide anion production. Taken together, these results indicate that curcumin treatment can protect against high glucose-induced podocyte injuries by suppressing the abnormal expression of ROS and RIPK3. Thus, curcumin might be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetic nephropathy as an inhibitor of RIPK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Chung
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
- BK21 Four Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Miri Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Cho
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
- Institution of Genetic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jeong Suk Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
- Institution of Genetic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
- BK21 Four Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Young Lee,
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26
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Tan H, Chen J, Li Y, Li Y, Zhong Y, Li G, Liu L, Li Y. Glabridin, a bioactive component of licorice, ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by regulating ferroptosis and the VEGF/Akt/ERK pathways. Mol Med 2022; 28:58. [PMID: 35596156 PMCID: PMC9123664 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glabridin (Glab) is a bioactive component of licorice that can ameliorate diabetes, but its role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has seldom been reported. Herein, we explored the effect and underlying mechanism of Glab on DN. Methods The bioactive component-target network of licorice against DN was by a network pharmacology approach. The protective effect of Glab on the kidney was investigated by a high-fat diet with streptozotocin induced-diabetic rat model. High glucose-induced NRK-52E cells were used for in vitro studies. The effects of Glab on ferroptosis and VEGF/Akt/ERK pathways in DN were investigated in vivo and in vitro using qRT-PCR, WB, and IHC experiments. Results Bioinformatics analysis constructed a network comprising of 10 bioactive components of licorice and 40 targets for DN. 13 matching targets of Glab were mainly involved in the VEGF signaling pathway. Glab treatment ameliorated general states and reduced FBG, HOMA-β, and HOMA-insulin index of diabetic rats. The renal pathological changes and the impaired renal function (the increased levels of Scr, BUN, UREA, KIM-1, NGAL, and TIMP-1) were also improved by Glab. Moreover, Glab repressed ferroptosis by increasing SOD and GSH activity, and GPX4, SLC7A11, and SLC3A2 expression, and decreasing MDA and iron concentrations, and TFR1 expression, in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, Glab significantly suppressed VEGF, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 expression in both diabetic rats and HG-induced NRK-52E cells. Conclusions This study revealed protective effects of Glab on the kidney of diabetic rats, which might exert by suppressing ferroptosis and the VEGF/Akt/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huicheng District, No. 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxian Chen
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yicong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huicheng District, No. 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingshan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huicheng District, No. 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunchang Zhong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huicheng District, No. 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangzhao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huicheng District, No. 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huicheng District, No. 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiqun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huicheng District, No. 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Transcriptome expression profiles associated with diabetic nephropathy development. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1931-1946. [PMID: 35357607 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify different transcriptome expression profiles involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to illustrate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in DN progression. The participants were divided into four groups: normoalbuminuria (group DM), microalbuminuria (group A2), macroalbuminuria (group A3) and healthy controls (group N). There were three individuals in each group for sequencing. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the peripheral blood of all the participants to identify the differential expression of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs between intervention groups and controls. The functional enrichment analysis, the short time-series expression miner (STEM) program, and the miRNA-circRNA-mRNA network were further conducted. To verify the reproducibility of transcriptome sequencing, 10 and 30 blood samples were collected from the control and diseased groups, respectively. Four candidate biomarkers were selected from differentially expressed circRNAs (circ_0005379, circ_0002024, and circ_0000567, and circ_0001017) and their concentrations in the blood were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). In the comparison of A2 with N, 549 mRNAs, 1259 lncRNAs, and 12 circRNAs were screened. In the comparison of A3 with N, 1217 mRNAs, 1613 lncRNAs, and 24 circRNAs were screened. Moreover, in the comparison of diabetes mellitus (DM) with N, 948 mRNAs, 1495 lncRNAs, and 25 circRNAs were screened. Functional enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were related to insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and inflammation, while differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly associated with crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease activity. In STEM analysis, a total of 481 mRNAs and 152 differential expression circRNAs showed a significant tendency. The key relationships in the miRNA-circRNA-mRNA network were identified, such as hsa-miR-103a-3p-circ_0005379-PTEN, hsa-miR-497-5p-circ_0002024-IGF1R and hsa-miR-1269a-circ_0000567-SOX6. In addition, qPCR showed consistent results with RNA sequencing. We found that differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs participated in DN development. Circ_0005379, circ_0002024, and circ_0000567 could be adopted as potential biomarkers for DN.
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28
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Veron D, Aggarwal PK, Li Q, Moeckel G, Kashgarian M, Tufro A. Podocyte VEGF-A Knockdown Induces Diffuse Glomerulosclerosis in Diabetic and in eNOS Knockout Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:788886. [PMID: 35280251 PMCID: PMC8906751 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.788886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF-A) and nitric oxide (NO) are essential for glomerular filtration barrier homeostasis, and are dysregulated in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While NO availability is consistently low in diabetes, both high and low VEGF-A have been reported in patients with DKD. Here we examined the effect of inducible podocyte VEGF-A knockdown (VEGFKD) in diabetic mice and in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice (eNOS−/−). Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin using the Animal Models of Diabetic Complications Consortium (AMDCC) protocol. Induction of podocyte VEGFKD led to diffuse glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, and GBM thickening in both diabetic mice with intact eNOS and in non-diabetic eNOS−/−:VEGFKD mice. VEGFKD diabetic mice developed mild proteinuria and maintained normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), associated with extremely high NO and thiol urinary excretion. In eNOS−/−:VEGFKD (+dox) mice severe diffuse glomerulosclerosis was associated with microaneurisms, arteriolar hyalinosis, massive proteinuria, and renal failure. Collectively, data indicate that combined podocyte VEGF-A and eNOS deficiency result in diffuse glomerulosclerosis in mice; compensatory NO and thiol generation prevents severe proteinuria and GFR loss in VEGFKD diabetic mice with intact eNOS, whereas VEGFKD induction in eNOS−/−:VEGFKD mice causes massive proteinuria and renal failure mimicking DKD in the absence of diabetes. Mechanistically, we identify VEGFKD-induced abnormal S-nitrosylation of specific proteins, including β3-integrin, laminin, and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), as targetable molecular mechanisms involved in the development of advanced diffuse glomerulosclerosis and renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delma Veron
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Malvern, PA, United States
| | - Pardeep K Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Malvern, PA, United States
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Malvern, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gilbert Moeckel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael Kashgarian
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alda Tufro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Malvern, PA, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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29
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Jiang S, Luo M, Bai X, Nie P, Zhu Y, Cai H, Li B, Luo P. Cellular crosstalk of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:313-331. [PMID: 35041192 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Persistent proteinuria is an important feature of DKD, which is caused by the destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes are important components of the GFB, and their damage can be observed in the early stages of DKD. Recently, studies have found that crosstalk between cells directly affects DKD progression, which has prospective research significance. However, the pathways involved are complex and largely unexplored. Here, we review the literature on cellular crosstalk of GECs and podocytes in the context of DKD, and highlight specific gaps in the field to propose future research directions. Elucidating the intricates of such complex processes will help to further understand the pathogenesis of DKD and develop better prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ping Nie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hangxi Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Locatelli M, Zoja C, Conti S, Cerullo D, Corna D, Rottoli D, Zanchi C, Tomasoni S, Remuzzi G, Benigni A. Empagliflozin protects glomerular endothelial cell architecture in experimental diabetes through the VEGF-A/caveolin-1/PV-1 signaling pathway. J Pathol 2022; 256:468-479. [PMID: 35000230 DOI: 10.1002/path.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In addition to having blood glucose-lowering effects, inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) afford renoprotection in diabetes. We sought to investigate which components of the glomerular filtration barrier could be involved in the antiproteinuric and renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibition in diabetes. BTBR ob/ob mice that develop a type 2 diabetic nephropathy received a standard diet with or without empagliflozin for 10 weeks, starting at 8 weeks of age, when animals had developed albuminuria. Empagliflozin caused marked decreases in blood glucose levels and albuminuria but did not correct glomerular hyperfiltration. The protective effect of empagliflozin against albuminuria was not due to a reduction in podocyte damage since empagliflozin did not affect the larger podocyte filtration slit pore size nor the defective expression of nephrin and nestin. Empagliflozin did not reduce the thickening of the GBM. In BTBR ob/ob mice, the most profound abnormality seen using electron microscopy was in the endothelial aspect of the glomerular capillary, with significant loss of endothelial fenestrations. Remarkably, empagliflozin ameliorated the subverted microvascular endothelial ultrastructure. Caveolae and bridging diaphragms between adjacent endothelial fenestrae were seen in diabetic mice and associated with increased expression of caveolin-1 and the appearance of PV-1. These endothelial abnormalities were limited by the SGLT2 inhibitor. While no expression of SGLT2 was found in glomerular endothelial cells, SGLT2 was expressed in the podocytes of diabetic mice. VEGF-A which is a known stimulus for endothelial caveolin-1 and PV-1 was increased in podocytes of BTBR ob/ob mice and normalized by SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. Thus, empagliflozin's protective effect on the glomerular endothelium of diabetic mice could be due to a limitation of the paracrine signaling of podocyte-derived VEGF-A that resulted in a reduction of the abnormal endothelial caveolin-1 and PV-1, with the consequent preservation of glomerular endothelial function and permeability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Locatelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Conti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenico Cerullo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Rottoli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Zanchi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Susanna Tomasoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
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31
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Vartak T, Godson C, Brennan E. Therapeutic potential of pro-resolving mediators in diabetic kidney disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113965. [PMID: 34508793 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal microvascular disease associated with diabetes [Diabetic kidney disease - DKD] is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. In DKD, glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, endothelial dysfunction, podocyte cell loss and renal tubule injury contribute to progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Chronic inflammation is recognized as a major pathogenic mechanism for DKD, with resident and circulating immune cells interacting with local kidney cell populations to provoke an inflammatory response. The onset of inflammation is driven by the release of well described proinflammatory mediators, and this is typically followed by a resolution phase. Inflammation resolution is achieved through the bioactions of endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). As our understanding of SPMs advances 'resolution pharmacology' based approaches using these molecules are being explored in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Vartak
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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32
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Urinary podocyte markers in kidney diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:315-324. [PMID: 34666027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes play an important role in the maintenance of kidney function, and they are the primary focus of many kidney diseases. Podocyte injury results in the shedding of podocyte-derived cellular fragments and podocyte-specific molecular targets into the urine, which may serve as biomarkers of kidney diseases. Intact podocytes, either viable or dead, and podocyte-derived microvesicles could be quantified in the urine by various centrifugation, visualization and culture methods. Podocyte-specific protein targets from the nucleus, cytoplasm, slit-diaphragm, glomerular capillary basement membrane, and cytoskeleton, as well as their corresponding messenger RNA (mRNA), in the urine could be quantified by western blotting, ELISA, or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Although some of these techniques may be expensive or labor-intensive at present, they may become widely available in the future because of the improvement in technology and automation. The application of urinary podocyte markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of various kidney diseases have been explored but the published data in this area are not sufficiently systematic and lack external validation. Further research should focus on standardizing, comparing, and automizing laboratory methods, as well as defining their added value to the routine clinical tests.
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33
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Shu A, Du Q, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Lv G, Lu J, Chen Y, Xu H. Catalpol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via suppression of RAGE/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109625. [PMID: 34416245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside compound isolated from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, which has been reported to be a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic diseases. The present study aimed at investigating the effects and potential mechanism of catalpol on endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). We constructed DN mice and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced mouse glomerular endothelial cells (mGECs) injury model. The results demonstrated that catalpol effectively improved renal pathology and decreased levels of urine protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in DN mice. Catalpol significantly reduced endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in DN mice and AGEs-induced mGECs. To further study the protective mechanism of catalpol, we transfected DN mice with recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing receptor of AGEs (RAGE) and intervened AGEs-induced mGECs with inhibitors. Catalpol reversed endothelial dysfunction and inflammation aggravated by RAGE overexpression in DN mice. Meanwhile, catalpol significantly inhibited the RAGE/Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway in DN mice with RAGE overexpression. Moreover, the combination of catalpol with inhibitors of RAGE, RhoA and ROCK exerted stronger anti-endothelial dysfunction and anti-macrophage infiltration effects on AGEs-induced mGECs compared with catalpol alone. In short, this study indicated that catalpol could ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and inflammation via suppression of RAGE/RhoA/ROCK pathway, hereby delaying the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmei Shu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliate of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Gaohong Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinfu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China.
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Du C, Ren Y, Li G, Yang Y, Yan Z, Yao F. Single Cell Transcriptome Helps Better Understanding Crosstalk in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:657614. [PMID: 34485320 PMCID: PMC8415842 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.657614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Years of research revealed that crosstalk extensively existed among kidney cells, cell factors and metabolites and played an important role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the last few years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provided new insight into cellular heterogeneity and genetic susceptibility regarding DKD at cell-specific level. The studies based on scRNA-seq enable a much deeper understanding of cell-specific processes such as interaction between cells. In this paper, we aim to review recent progress in single cell transcriptomic analyses of DKD, particularly highlighting on intra- or extra-glomerular cell crosstalk, cellular targets and potential therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhuo Ren
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Burn, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Li Q, Veron D, Tufro A. S-Nitrosylation of RhoGAP Myosin9A Is Altered in Advanced Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:679518. [PMID: 34336885 PMCID: PMC8316719 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.679518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease progression is complex and remains unresolved. Rho-GAP MYO9A was recently identified as a novel podocyte protein and a candidate gene for monogenic FSGS. Myo9A involvement in diabetic kidney disease has been suggested. Here, we examined the effect of diabetic milieu on Myo9A expression in vivo and in vitro. We determined that Myo9A undergoes S-nitrosylation, a post-translational modification dependent on nitric oxide (NO) availability. Diabetic mice with nodular glomerulosclerosis and severe proteinuria associated with doxycycline-induced, podocyte-specific VEGF 164 gain-of-function showed markedly decreased glomerular Myo9A expression and S-nitrosylation, as compared to uninduced diabetic mice. Immortalized mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose revealed decreased Myo9A expression, assessed by qPCR, immunoblot and immunocytochemistry, and reduced Myo9A S-nitrosylation (SNO-Myo9A), assessed by proximity link assay and biotin switch test, functionally resulting in abnormal podocyte migration. These defects were abrogated by exposure to a NO donor and were not due to hyperosmolarity. Our data demonstrate that high-glucose induced decrease of both Myo9A expression and SNO-Myo9A is regulated by NO availability. We detected S-nitrosylation of Myo9A interacting proteins RhoA and actin, which was also altered by high glucose and NO dependent. RhoA activity inversely related to SNO-RhoA. Collectively, data suggest that dysregulation of SNO-Myo9A, SNO-RhoA and SNO-actin may contribute to the pathogenesis of advanced diabetic kidney disease and may be amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Delma Veron
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alda Tufro
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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36
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Sánchez‐Navarro A, Martínez‐Rojas MÁ, Caldiño‐Bohn RI, Pérez‐Villalva R, Zambrano E, Castro‐Rodríguez DC, Bobadilla NA. Early triggers of moderately high-fat diet-induced kidney damage. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14937. [PMID: 34291592 PMCID: PMC8295594 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the obesity murine models inducing renal injury use calorie-enriched foods, where fat represents 60% of the total caloric supply, however, this strategy doubles the standard proportion of fat ingestion in obese patients. Therefore, it is crucial to study the impact of a high-fat intake on kidney physiology that resembles common obesity in humans to understand the trigger mechanisms of the long-term consequences of overweight and obesity. In this study, we analyzed whether chronic feeding with a moderately high fat diet (MHFD) representing 45% of total calories, may induce kidney function and structural injury compared to C57BL/6 mice fed a control diet. After 14 weeks, MHFD induced significant mice obesity. At the functional level, obese mice showed signs of kidney injury characterized by increased albuminuria/creatinine ratio and higher excretion of urinary biomarkers of kidney damage. While, at the structural level, glomerular hypertrophy was observed. Although, we did not detect renal fibrosis, the obese mice exhibited a significant elevation of Tgfb1 mRNA levels. Kidney damage caused by the exposure to MHFD was associated with greater oxidative stress, renal inflammation, higher endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, and disruption of mitochondrial dynamics. In summary, our data demonstrate that obesity induced by a milder fat content diet is enough to establish renal injury, where oxidative stress, inflammation, ER-stress, and mitochondrial damage take relevance, pointing out the importance of opportune interventions to avoid the long-term consequences associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sánchez‐Navarro
- Molecular Physiology UnitInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Department of NephrologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y NutriciónSalvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez‐Rojas
- Molecular Physiology UnitInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Department of NephrologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y NutriciónSalvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Rebecca I. Caldiño‐Bohn
- Molecular Physiology UnitInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Department of NephrologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y NutriciónSalvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Rosalba Pérez‐Villalva
- Molecular Physiology UnitInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Department of NephrologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y NutriciónSalvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Department of Biology of ReproductionInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y NutriciónSalvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Diana C. Castro‐Rodríguez
- Department of Biology of ReproductionInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y NutriciónSalvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
- CONACyT‐CátedrasMexico CityMexico
| | - Norma A. Bobadilla
- Molecular Physiology UnitInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Department of NephrologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y NutriciónSalvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
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37
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Wang L, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yang K, Yang H. Study of the Active Components and Molecular Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:664416. [PMID: 34164430 PMCID: PMC8215273 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.664416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through network pharmacology and molecular biology. First, the active ingredients and potential targets of TW were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and related literature materials, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the active ingredient-target network diagram of TW. Second, the target set of DN was obtained through the disease database, and the potential targets of TW in the treatment of DN were screened through a Venn diagram. A protein interaction network diagram (PPI) was constructed with the help of the String platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Third, the ClueGO plug-in tool was used to enrich the GO biological process and the KEGG metabolic pathway. Finally, molecular docking experiments and cell pathway analyses were performed. As a result, a total of 52 active ingredients of TW were screened, and 141 predicted targets and 49 target genes related to DN were identified. The biological process of GO is mediated mainly through the regulation of oxygen metabolism, endothelial cell proliferation, acute inflammation, apoptotic signal transduction pathway, fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of cyclase activity, adipocyte differentiation and other biological processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways involved were AGE-RAGE, vascular endothelial growth factor, HIF-1, IL-17, relaxin signalling pathway, TNF, Fc epsilon RI, insulin resistance and other signaling pathways. It can be concluded that TW may treat DN by reducing inflammation, reducing antioxidative stress, regulating immunity, improving vascular disease, reducing insulin resistance, delaying renal fibrosis, repairing podocytes, and reducing cell apoptosis, among others, with multicomponent, multitarget and multisystem characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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38
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Diabetic nephropathy with and without retinopathy: comparison between urine and serum vascular endothelial growth factor. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-00958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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39
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Mahtal N, Lenoir O, Tharaux PL. Glomerular Endothelial Cell Crosstalk With Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:659013. [PMID: 33842514 PMCID: PMC8024520 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.659013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the main cause of renal failure worldwide. Complications of the kidney micro-and macro-circulation are common in diabetic patients, leading to proteinuria and can progress to end-stage renal disease. Across the complex interplays aggravating diabetes kidney disease progression, lesions of the glomerular filtration barrier appear crucial. Among its components, glomerular endothelial cells are known to be central safeguards of plasma filtration. An array of evidence has recently pinpointed its intricate relations with podocytes, highly specialized pericytes surrounding glomerular capillaries. During diabetic nephropathy, endothelial cells and podocytes are stressed and damaged. Besides, each can communicate with the other, directly affecting the progression of glomerular injury. Here, we review recent studies showing how in vitro and in vivo studies help to understand pathological endothelial cells-podocytes crosstalk in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Mahtal
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Center, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Center, Inserm, Paris, France
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40
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SNHG15 knockdown inhibits diabetic nephropathy progression in pediatric patients by regulating the miR-141/ICAM-1 axis in vitro. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227697. [PMID: 33506255 PMCID: PMC7871034 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are confirmed to be involved in modulating diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study is aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) on pediatric DN. Human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) were exposed to high glucose (HG) to produce an in vitro model. The results showed that SNHG15 was remarkably up-regulated in pediatric DN tissues and HG-induced HGMCs. Functional experiments indicated that both silencing of SNHG15 and overexpression of miR-141 elevated the cell viability, and suppressed the inflammation in HG-induced HGMCs. SNHG15 was identified to be a lncRNA that could bind to miR-141, and ICAM-1 was a downstream target gene of miR-141. Both the low expression of miR-141 and high expression of ICAM-1 reversed the inhibiting effect of SNHG15 knockdown on inflammatory response, and the promoting effect on cell viability. To conclude, our study revealed that silencing of SNHG15 ameliorated the malignant behaviors of pediatric DN via modulating the miR-141/ICAM-1 axis in vitro.
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41
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Elkazzaz SK, Khodeer DM, El Fayoumi HM, Moustafa YM. Role of sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors dapagliflozin on diabetic nephropathy in rats; Inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Life Sci 2021; 280:119018. [PMID: 33549594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure worldwide. Dapagliflozin Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is a new class of diabetic medications prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The current study investigates the possible impact of dapagliflozin (DAPA) on inflammations, apoptosis, angiogenesis and fibrosis in early-stage diabetic nephropathy using a rat model of type 2 diabetes. MAIN METHODS Rats were divided into five groups, group1: normal vehicle group, group 2: diabetic group, group 3: diabetic+ DAPA (0.75 mg/kg), group 4: diabetic+DAPA (1.5 mg/kg), group 5: diabetic+DAPA (3 mg/kg). At the end of the study, Blood glucose level was measured. Serum insulin, BUN, and SCr were measured. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Renal tissue homogenization was done for assessment of inflammatory markers TNF-α, PEDF, and PTX-3, In addition to apoptosis markers BCL-2 and BAX. Histopathological examinations were done for tubular renal cells and immunohistochemical examination for fibrosis marker α-SMA and angiogenic factor VEGF. KEY FINDINGS Treatments with dapagliflozin showed improvements in histopathological examinations, inflammatory and apoptotic markers compared to diabetic vehicles in a dose-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, dapagliflozin may have renoprotective effects, which be promising in diabetic patients suffered from nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa K Elkazzaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dina M Khodeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Hassan M El Fayoumi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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42
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Darwish NM, Elnahas YM, AlQahtany FS. Diabetes induced renal complications by leukocyte activation of nuclear factor κ-B and its regulated genes expression. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:541-549. [PMID: 33424337 PMCID: PMC7783672 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin function. Despite wide progress in genome studies, defects in gene expression for diabetes prognosis still incompletely identified. Prolonged hyperglycemia activates NF-κB, which is a main player in vascular dysfunctions of diabetes. Activated NF-κB, triggers expression of various genes that promote inflammation and cell adhesion process. Alteration of pro-inflammatory and profibrotic gene expression contribute to the irreversible functional and structural changes in the kidney resulting in diabetic nephropathy (DN). To identify the effect of some important NF-κB related genes on mediation of DN progression, we divided our candidate genes on the basis of their function exerted in bloodstream into three categories (Proinflammatory; NF-κB, IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF); (Profibrotic; FN, ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and (Proliferative; MAPK-1 and EGF). We analyzed their expression profile in leukocytes of patients and explored their correlation to diabetic kidney injury features. Our data revealed the overexpression of both proinflammatory and profibrotic genes in DN group when compared to T2D group and were associated positively with each other in DN group indicating their possible role in DN progression. In DN patients, increased expression of proinflammatory genes correlated positively with glycemic control and inflammatory markers indicating their role in DN progression. Our data revealed that the persistent activation NF-κB and its related genes observed in hyperglycemia might contribute to DN progression and might be a good diagnostic and therapeutic target for DN progression. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the potential of these molecules to serve as disease biomarkers.
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Key Words
- 2hPPBG, 2 h post prandial blood glucose.
- ACR, albumin creatinine ratio
- BMI, body mass index.
- DBP, Diastolic blood pressure.
- DN, diabetic nephropathy.
- FBS, fasting blood glucose.
- FN
- HDL, High density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
- HbA1c, Glycosylated hemoglobin.
- ICAM-1
- IL-1β
- IL-6
- LDL, Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
- M, male, F, female.
- NF-κB
- S.Cr, serum creatinine.
- SBP, Systolic blood pressure.
- T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus without nephropathy.
- TC, total cholesterol.
- TGs, Triglyceride.
- TNF-α
- VCAM-1
- VEGF
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein.
- e-GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M. Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Egypt
- Ministry of Health Laboratories, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yousif M. Elnahas
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Medical City, Riyadh 24251, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah S. AlQahtany
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 24251, Saudi Arabia
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Takahashi N, Yoshida H, Kimura H, Kamiyama K, Kurose T, Sugimoto H, Imura T, Yokoi S, Mikami D, Kasuno K, Kurosawa H, Hirayama Y, Naiki H, Hara M, Iwano M. Chronic hypoxia exacerbates diabetic glomerulosclerosis through mesangiolysis and podocyte injury in db/db mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:1678-1688. [PMID: 32596728 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hypoxia may play a pivotal role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the precise mechanisms underlying progressive hypoxia-induced glomerular injury remain unclear. METHODS We housed db/db mice in a hypoxia chamber (12% O2) for up to 16 weeks beginning at 8 weeks of age. Various urine, serum and kidney abnormalities and glomerular messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were compared with those in age-matched db/db mice housed under normoxia. RESULTS Levels of urinary albumin and podocalyxin (PCX) were significantly higher in hypoxic mice early during hypoxia. Ultracentrifugation of urine samples revealed that podocytes in the hypoxic mice shed PCX-positive microparticles into the urine. After 16 weeks of hypoxia, the mice also had higher hematocrits with lower serum glucose and various degrees of mesangiolytic glomerulosclerosis with microaneurysms and the infrequent occurrence of nodular lesions. Immunohistologically, hypoxic mice showed significantly decreased endothelial cell densities early during hypoxia and decreased podocyte densities later. In both hypoxic and normoxic mice, glomerular macrophage and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) staining significantly increased with aging, without changes in vascular endothelial growth factor or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Glomerular mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, eNOS and TGF-β1 was significantly enhanced in the hypoxic mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that chronic hypoxia induces advanced glomerulosclerosis with accelerated albuminuria triggered by mesangiolysis and podocyte injury in a murine model of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Yoshida
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Sugita Genpaku Memorial Obama Municipal Hospital, Obama, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideki Kimura
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kamiyama
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kurose
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Toshio Imura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Seiji Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mikami
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasuno
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurosawa
- Reagent R&D Department, Denka Seiken Co., Ltd, Gosen, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hirayama
- Reagent R&D Department, Denka Seiken Co., Ltd, Gosen, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hironobu Naiki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Iwano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Gil CL, Hooker E, Larrivée B. Diabetic Kidney Disease, Endothelial Damage, and Podocyte-Endothelial Crosstalk. Kidney Med 2020; 3:105-115. [PMID: 33604542 PMCID: PMC7873832 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-related complications are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetic kidney disease is a frequent microvascular complication and a primary cause of kidney failure in patients with diabetes. The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of 3 layers: the endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes. Podocytes and the endothelium communicate through molecular crosstalk to maintain filtration at the glomerular filtration barrier. Chronic hyperglycemia affects all 3 layers of the glomerular filtration barrier, as well as the molecular crosstalk that occurs between the 2 cellular layers. One of the earliest events following chronic hyperglycemia is endothelial cell dysfunction. Early endothelial damage is associated with progression of diabetic kidney disease. However, current therapies are based in controlling glycemia and arterial blood pressure without targeting endothelial dysfunction. Disruption of the endothelial cell layer also alters the molecular crosstalk that occurs between the endothelium and podocytes. This review discusses both the physiologic and pathologic communication that occurs at the glomerular filtration barrier. It examines how these signaling components contribute to podocyte foot effacement, podocyte detachment, and the progression of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Lora Gil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Erika Hooker
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Department of Ophtalmology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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45
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Yin Q, Ma J, Han X, Zhang H, Wang F, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. Spatiotemporal variations of vascular endothelial growth factor in the brain of diabetic cognitive impairment. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105234. [PMID: 33053446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although it is feared that diabetes-induced cognitive impairment (DCI) will become a major clinical problem worldwide in the future, its detailed pathological mechanism is not well known. Because patients with diabetes have various complications of vascular disease, vascular disorders in the brain are considered to be one of the main mechanisms of DCI. Mounting evidence suggests that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family plays a crucial role in the development of DCI. In this review, we summarized the changes and functions of VEGF during the development of DCI, and speculated that it was characterized by spatiotemporal variations in DCI progression. Considering the complexity of DCI pathogenesis and the diversity of VEGF function, we focused on the interrelationship of DCI and VEGF spatiotemporal variations during DCI development. During the progression of DCI, hyperglycemia, abnormal brain insulin signals, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and consequently hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation are the main pathophysiological changes; hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) play major roles in DCI-related VEGF spatiotemporal regulation. Furthermore, spatiotemporal variations in VEGF-mediated pathological cerebral neovascularization, repair and regeneration of dural lymphatic vessels, increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and slight neuroprotection are increasing emphasized as potential targets in the treatment of DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Yin
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xu Han
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Paul S, Ali A, Katare R. Molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - A comprehensive review. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107613. [PMID: 32505477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease, characterized by hyperglycemia, which refers to the elevated levels of glucose in the blood, due to the inability of the body to produce or use insulin effectively. Chronic hyperglycemia levels lead to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The macrovascular complications consist of peripheral artery disease (PAD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cerebrovascular diseases, while the microvascular complications comprise of diabetic microangiopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in mediating both macrovascular and microvascular complications under hyperglycemic conditions. In diabetic microvasculature, the intracellular hyperglycemia causes damage to the vascular endothelium through - (i) activation of four biochemical pathways, namely the Polyol pathway, protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGE) pathway and hexosamine pathway, all of which commutes glucose and its intermediates leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, (ii) dysregulation of growth factors and cytokines, (iii) epigenetic changes which concern the changes in DNA as a response to intracellular changes, and (iv) abnormalities in non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs. This review will focus on gaining an understanding of the molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications in diabetes mellitus, to increase our understanding towards the development of new mechanistic therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat diabetes-induced vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Paul
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Azam Ali
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (Dunedin), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Kwiatkowska E, Stefańska K, Zieliński M, Sakowska J, Jankowiak M, Trzonkowski P, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Kwiatkowski S. Podocytes-The Most Vulnerable Renal Cells in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145051. [PMID: 32708979 PMCID: PMC7403979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder that affects 3–5% of normal pregnancies. It was believed for a long time that the kidney, similarly to all vessels in the whole system, only sustained endothelial damage. The current knowledge gives rise to a presumption that the main role in the development of proteinuria is played by damage to the podocytes and their slit diaphragm. The podocyte damage mechanism in preeclampsia is connected to free VEGF and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, and an increased concentration of endothelin-1 and oxidative stress. From national cohort studies, we know that women who had preeclampsia in at least one pregnancy carried five times the risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) when compared to women with physiological pregnancies. The focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the dominant histopathological lesion in women with a history of PE. The kidney’s podocytes are not subject to replacement or proliferation. Podocyte depletion exceeding 20% resulted in FSGS, which is a reason for the later development of ESRD. In this review, we present the mechanism of kidney (especially podocytes) injury in preeclampsia. We try to explain how this damage affects further changes in the morphology and function of the kidneys after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Maciej Zieliński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.J.); (P.T.)
| | - Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.J.); (P.T.)
| | - Martyna Jankowiak
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.J.); (P.T.)
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.J.); (P.T.)
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science Cancer Immunology Group, University of Gdansk, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
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Ko JH, Kwon HS, Kim B, Min G, Shin C, Yang SW, Lee SW, Lee Y, Hong D, Kim YS. Preclinical Efficacy and Safety of an Anti-Human VEGFA and Anti-Human NRP1 Dual-Targeting Bispecific Antibody (IDB0076). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060919. [PMID: 32560565 PMCID: PMC7356919 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bevacizumab (Avastin®) has been approved as an antiangiogenic agent against some cancers, the efficacy is transient and unsatisfactory in other cancers most likely owing to the presence of alternative proangiogenic factors. Therefore, simultaneous blocking of several proangiogenic factors may be a promising strategy for antiangiogenic cancer therapeutics. Accordingly, neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is an attractive target because it serves as a multifunctional receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Here, we aimed to generate and test an anti-VEGFA and anti-NRP1 dual-targeting bispecific antibody (named as IDB0076) by genetic fusion of an NRP1-targeting peptide to the C-terminus of the bevacizumab heavy chain. Similar to the parental antibody (bevacizumab), IDB0076 suppressed VEGFA-induced migration of human endothelial cells. In contrast, IDB0076 inhibited endothelial-cell migration induced by other angiogenesis growth factors and manifested a more potent antitumor activity than that of bevacizumab in a murine tumor xenograft model. When toxicity was preliminarily evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys, IDB0076 showed no substantial adverse effects, e.g., the absence of noticeable nephrotoxicity, which has previously been documented for the combination therapy of bevacizumab and an anti-NRP1 antibody. Thus, VEGFA-and-NRP1 dual-targeting bispecific antibody IDB0076 may be a potent and safe anticancer agent worthy of further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hee Ko
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Bomin Kim
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Gihong Min
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Chorong Shin
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Seok-Woo Yang
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Seong Wook Lee
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Dahae Hong
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82 31-219-2662
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Nishad R, Meshram P, Singh AK, Reddy GB, Pasupulati AK. Activation of Notch1 signaling in podocytes by glucose-derived AGEs contributes to proteinuria. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001203. [PMID: 32601154 PMCID: PMC7326296 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies have shown that AGEs contribute to glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria. Podocytes, terminally differentiated epithelial cells of the glomerulus and the critical component of the glomerular filtration barrier, express the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Podocytes are susceptible to severe injury during DN. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which AGEs contribute to podocyte injury. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Glucose-derived AGEs were prepared in vitro. Reactivation of Notch signaling was examined in AGE-treated human podocytes (in vitro) and glomeruli from AGE-injected mice (in vivo) by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, western blot analysis, ELISA and immunohistochemical staining. Further, the effects of AGEs on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocytes and expression of fibrotic markers were evaluated. RESULTS Using human podocytes and a mouse model, we demonstrated that AGEs activate Notch1 signaling in podocytes and provoke EMT. Inhibition of RAGE and Notch1 by FPS-ZM1 (N-Benzyl-4-chloro-N-cyclohexylbenzamide) and DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenyl glycine t-butylester), respectively, abrogates AGE-induced Notch activation and EMT. Inhibition of RAGE and Notch1 prevents AGE-induced glomerular fibrosis, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, foot process effacement, and proteinuria. Furthermore, kidney biopsy sections from people with DN revealed the accumulation of AGEs in the glomerulus with elevated RAGE expression and activated Notch signaling. CONCLUSION The data suggest that AGEs activate Notch signaling in the glomerular podocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling by DAPT ameliorates AGE-induced podocytopathy and fibrosis. Our observations suggest that AGE-induced Notch reactivation in mature podocytes could be a novel mechanism in glomerular disease and thus could represent a novel therapeutic target.
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50
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Stephens JW, Brown KE, Min T. Chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: Implications for managing glycaemic control, cardiovascular and renal risk. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22 Suppl 1:32-45. [PMID: 32267078 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the current literature relating to diabetes related kidney disease (DKD) and the optimal management of cardio-renal risk. DKD develops in approximately 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mainstay of therapy is to reduce the progression of DKD by optimising hyperglycaemia, blood pressure, lipids and lifestyle. Evidence supports the role for renin-angiotensin system blockade in limiting the progression of DKD. Recent data from diabetes related cardiovascular outcome trials and renal specific trials have provided a novel insight on the additional benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in reducing the progression of DKD as well as cardiovascular risk. Lessons have been learnt from CREDENCE and there are expectations that DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY will further support the benefits of SGLT2 inhibition in relation to DKD. As a consequence, international guidelines have been updated to reflect the positive benefits. In addition, novel steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists offer a potential role in future years. The review examines the current evidence and future approach to optimising outcomes for renal protection in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Stephens
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Karen E Brown
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Thinzar Min
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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