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Khongkliang P, Nuchdang S, Rattanaphra D, Kingkam W, Mahathanabodee S, Boonnorat J, Kadier A, Aryanti PTP, Phalakornkule C. Efficiency enhancement of electrocoagulation, ion-exchange resin and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration by prior organic precipitation for treatment of anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142899. [PMID: 39029711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) still has unacceptable properties for water recycling and reuse, with an unpleasant appearance due to the brownish color caused by tannins and phenolic compounds. This study proposes an approach for treating anaerobically-treated POME for water recycling by combining organic precipitation, electrocoagulation (EC), and ion-exchange resin, followed by reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration in series. The results indicated that the organic precipitation enhanced the efficiency of EC treatment in reducing the concentrations of tannins, color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the anaerobically-treated POME effluent, with reductions of 95.73%, 96.31%, and 93.96% for tannin, color, and COD, respectively. Moreover, organic precipitation affected the effectiveness of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion removal using ion exchange resin and RO membrane filtration. Without prior organic precipitation, the ion-exchange resin process required a longer contact time, and the RO membrane filtration treatment was hardly effective in removing total dissolved solids (TDS). The combined process gave a water quality that meets the criteria set by the Thailand Ministry of Industry for industrial boiler use (COD 88 mg/L, TDS <0.001 mg/L, water hardness <5 mg-CaCO3/L, and pH 6.9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerawat Khongkliang
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, KMUTNB, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
| | - Sasikarn Nuchdang
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Nakorn Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Dussadee Rattanaphra
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Nakorn Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Kingkam
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Nakorn Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Sithipong Mahathanabodee
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Putu Teta Prihartini Aryanti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cibeber Cimahi - West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, KMUTNB, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
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2
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Kumar P, Nawaz T, Singh SP. Optimization of electrocoagulation process parameters for the treatment of oil industry drill site wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47101-47115. [PMID: 38987516 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The effluent from the oil drilling site is a complex mixture of hazardous chemicals that causes environmental impacts on its disposal. The treatment of oil drill-site wastewater has not been explored much, and understanding its characteristics and optimizing the treatment process are required. In the present study, we have optimized the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes for drill-site wastewater treatment. A multi-level factorial center composite design using response surface methodology is applied to optimize the effect of current density (CD), pH, and inter-electrode distance (IED) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The increasing current density shows a significant increase in COD removal, and a similar trend was observed with a decreased pH. It was found that with current density and inter-electrode distance, the maximum COD removal achieved was 70% at the CD of 19.04 mA cm-2 and IED 2.6 cm. By varying pH and current density, the COD removal reached up to 90% at pH 6 and CD 19.04 mA cm-2. The study shows that the current density is the dominant factor for the process's energy consumption and operating cost, followed by pH. This study's findings could be effectively used to develop large-scale treatment processes through electrocoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Tabish Nawaz
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre of Excellence On Membrane Technologies for Desalination, Brine Management, and Water Recycling (DeSaltM), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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3
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Zhang F, Wu R, Zhang H, Ye Y, Chen Z, Zhang A. Novel Superhydrophobic Copper Mesh-Based Centrifugal Device for Edible Oil-Water Separation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16303-16310. [PMID: 38617616 PMCID: PMC11007822 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Edible oil is essential for people's daily life but also results in a large amount of oily wastewater simultaneously. Oil-water separation is a practical route that can not only purify wastewater but also recycle valuable edible oil. In this study, the superhydrophobic copper mesh (SCM) was prepared by chemical etching, and a novel oil-water centrifugal device was designed for high-efficiency separation of edible oil wastewater. The kernel is a self-prepared SCM, which has a water contact angle (WCA) of 155.1 ± 1.8° and an oil contact angle (OCA) of 0°. Besides, the separation performance of the SCM for edible oil-water mixtures was studied in this study. The results showed that the SCM exhibited excellent oil/water separation performance, with a separation efficiency of up to 96.7% for sunflower seed oil-water wastewater, 93.3% for corn oil-water wastewater, and 98.3% for peanut oil-water wastewater, respectively. Moreover, the separation efficiency was still over 90% after 18 cycles. A model was established to analyze the oil-water separation mechanism via centrifugation. The oil-water centrifugal separation device has great potential for scale-up applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University
of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Ranhao Wu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University
of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University
of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Yuling Ye
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University
of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory of Circular Economy, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Sichuan
Engineering Technology Research Center for High Salt Wastewater Treatment
and Resource Utilization, Sichuan University
of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Chongqing
Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Aiai Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University
of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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4
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Kumar P, Kumar M, Barnawi AB, Maurya P, Singh S, Shah D, Yadav VK, Kumar A, Kumar R, Yadav KK, Gacem A, Ahmad A, Patel A, Alreshidi MA, Singh V, Yaseen ZM, Cabral-Pinto MMS, Vinayak V, Wanale SG. A review on fluoride contamination in groundwater and human health implications and its remediation: A sustainable approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104356. [PMID: 38158029 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of drinking water due to fluoride (F-) is a major concern worldwide. Although fluoride is an essential trace element required for humans, it has severe human health implications if levels exceed 1.5 mg. L-1 in groundwater. Several treatment technologies have been adopted to remove fluoride and reduce the exposure risk. The present article highlights the source, geochemistry, spatial distribution, and health implications of high fluoride in groundwater. Also, it discusses the underlying mechanisms and controlling factors of fluoride contamination. The problem of fluoride-contaminated water is more severe in India's arid and semiarid regions than in other Asian countries. Treatment technologies like adsorption, ion exchange, precipitation, electrolysis, electrocoagulation, nanofiltration, coagulation-precipitation, and bioremediation have been summarized along with case studies to look for suitable technology for fluoride exposure reduction. Although present technologies are efficient enough to remove fluoride, they have specific limitations regarding cost, labour intensity, and regeneration requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Abdulwasa Bakr Barnawi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parul Maurya
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Deepankshi Shah
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat 384265, India
| | - Anand Kumar
- School of Management Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Bihar 803116, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq.
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat 384265, India
| | | | - Vipin Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra 282005, India
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina M S Cabral-Pinto
- Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Applied Science, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Shivraj Gangadhar Wanale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra 431606, India
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5
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Liu Y, Liu YY, Zhang X, Jiang WM, Xiong W, Li JJ. Study on the treatment of oily wastewater by evaluating the growth process of aggregates in an electrocoagulation reactor. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 260:104269. [PMID: 38061243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation has been widely studied in oily wastewater treatment because of its high demulsification efficiency and no secondary reagent is required. Oil removal largely depends on the properties of the aggregates. This study aimed to explore the growth process of aggregates and oil removal near the anode by electrocoagulation. Four factors, current density, solution temperature, initial pH value, and electrode structure, were investigated. According to the findings, the current density and temperature have the most significant influence on the growth process of aggregates. The oil removal rate depends more on the average particle size than the fractal dimension. The results showed that the current density and solution temperature have the most significant influence on the parameters of the electrocoagulation process. With increasing current density, the aggregate growth rate and average particle size entering the stable period were accelerated, and the oil removal efficiency was promoted. The growth of aggregates was retarded at high temperatures. The change in the scope of the fractal dimension was minor, ranging from 1.65 to 1.84, during the growth process of the aggregates. Foamed aluminium electrodes were beneficial for accelerating aggregate growth instead of aluminium plates, but the energy consumption was obviously increased. The relationship between the mean particle size and mean fractal dimension of aggregates is consistent with the power function. From the point of view of aggregate growth, this study forms the basis for an in-depth understanding of the demulsification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang Xi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province.266580, China
| | - Y Y Liu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang Xi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province.266580, China
| | - X Zhang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang Xi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province.266580, China
| | - W M Jiang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang Xi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province.266580, China.
| | - W Xiong
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang Xi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province.266580, China
| | - J J Li
- Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute of Liaohe Oilfield, China
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6
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Manouchehri M. A comprehensive review on state-of-the-art antifouling super(wetting and anti-wetting) membranes for oily wastewater treatment. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 323:103073. [PMID: 38160525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the most dangerous types of pollution to the environment is oily wastewater, which is produced from a number of industrial sources and can cause damage to the environment, people, and creatures. To overcome this issue, membrane technology as an advanced method has been considered for treating oily wastewater due to its stability, high removal efficiency, and simplicity in scaling up. Membrane fouling, or the accumulation of oil droplets at or within the membrane pores, compromises the efficiency of membrane separation and water flux. In the last decade, the fabrication of membranes with specific wettability to reduce fouling has received much consideration. The purpose of this article is to offer a literature overview of all fabricated anti-fouling super(wetting and anti-wetting) membranes for applicable membrane processes for the separation of immiscible and emulsified oil/water mixtures. In this review, we first explain membrane fouling and discuss methods for preventing it. Afterwards, in all membrane separation processes, including pressure-driven, gravity-driven, and thermal-driven, membranes based on the form and density of oil are categorized as oil-removing or water-removing with special wettability, and then their wettability modification with different materials is particularly discussed. Finally, the prospect of anti-fouling membrane fabrication in the future is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoumeh Manouchehri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Ghaffarian Khorram A, Fallah N, Nasernejad B, Afsham N, Esmaelzadeh M, Vatanpour V. Electrochemical-based processes for produced water and oily wastewater treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139565. [PMID: 37482313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The greatest volume of by-products produced in oil and gas recovery operations is referred to as produced water and increasing environmental concerns and strict legislations on discharging it into the environment cause to more attention for focusing on degradation methods for treatment of produced water especially electrochemical technologies. This article provides an overview of electrochemical technologies for treating oily wastewater and produced water, including: electro-coagulation, electro-Fenton, electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical membrane reactor as a single stage and combination of these technologies as multi-stage treatment process. Many researchers have carried out experiments to examine the impact of various factors such as material (i.e, electrode material) and operational conditions (i.e., potential, current density, pH, electrode distance, and other factors) for organic elimination to obtain the high efficiency. Results of each method are reviewed and discussed according to these studies, comprehensively. Furthermore, several challenges need to be overcome and perspectives for future study are proposed for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Fallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Afsham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Esmaelzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey.
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8
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Gholami M, Souraki BA, Shomali A, Pendashteh A. Saline wastewater treatment by bioelectrochemical process (BEC) based on Al-electrocoagulation and halophilic bacteria: optimization using ANN with new approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37640518 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2253365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn the present study, a bioelectrochemical reactor (BEC) was utilized to treat two types of real saline produced water (PW). BEC was designed based on the combination of electrocoagulation (EC) process with halophilic microorganisms, and it was assessed in terms of biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The effects of various operating parameters including the current density, electrical contact time (On/Off), hydraulic retention time (HRT), and total dissolved solids (TDS) at different levels on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, settleability, and performance of isolated halophilic microorganisms were examined. Additionally, a novel neural network (ANN) approach modelling using adaptive factors was used to predict and optimize the effects and interactions between operating parameters during BEC process by predicting complicated mechanisms and variations associated with microorganisms. In addition, a new algorithm was developed for the sensitivity analysis to achieve the optimum operating conditions and obtain maximum efficiency in COD removal, sludge volume index (SVI), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and specific electrical energy consumption (SEEC), simultaneously. BEC was found to be significantly more effective at removing most hydrocarbons, particularly pristine and phytane. In addition, the results showed a significant improvement in settling ability of the biological flocs with average SVI of 91.5 mL/g and a size of 178.25 μm using BEC. Based on estimated operating costs and energy consumption, BEC was more cost-effective and efficient than other bioelectrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeen Gholami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Behrooz Abbasi Souraki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Shomali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Pendashteh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Water Engineering and Environment, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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9
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Carpes VM, Rubert A, Graciola S, Barbosa Brião V, Hemkemeier M. Hybrid electrolysis and membranes system for apple packing houses water treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:677-693. [PMID: 37578882 PMCID: wst_2023_228 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The apple industry uses high flows of potable quality water to transport and clean the apple, which is regularly contaminated. Thus, it is necessary to implement an efficient water treatment system during the industrial process, providing reductions in the intake and release flows. A hybrid system was developed by applying the electrolytic treatment by electrocoagulation using a batch process (Step 1) and a continuous process (Step 2), followed by a microfiltration membrane separation (MSP) process (Step 3). The optimal conditions for removal of organic matter, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, color, and fungi obtained in Step 1 were a hydraulic detention time of 40 min, stirring at 40 rpm, current density of 20 A/m2, pH of 8.00, and temperature of 10 °C. These findings led to a successful implementation in Step 2, which evolved into Step 3, where tests in the combined continuous electrolytic reactor together with MSP showed significant removal rates, notably reaching up to 54% organic matter (OM) removal, 72% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, 83% TSS removal, 92% haze and color removal, and 100% mildew removal. The hybrid system proved to be a promising alternative for implementation in the processing industry, minimizing environmental impacts and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Maria Carpes
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, CEP 99001-970, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Aline Rubert
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, CEP 99001-970, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Samarah Graciola
- Undergraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, CEP 99001-970, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vandré Barbosa Brião
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, CEP 99001-970, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Hemkemeier
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, CEP 99001-970, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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10
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Jasim MA, AlJaberi FY, Salman AD, Alardhi SM, Le PC, Kulcsár G, Jakab M. Studying the effect of reactor design on the electrocoagulation treatment performance of oily wastewater. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17794. [PMID: 37456018 PMCID: PMC10344759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several conventional methods are employed to remove numerous pollutants from oily wastewater discharged from oil-field activities. The purpose of this study is to use a new design of an electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) to treat oily wastewater effluents from the Al-Muthanna petroleum plant to minimize a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) to levels suitable for employment. In a continuous ECR, a One-Sided-Finned cathode tube (1SF) made of aluminum was inserted between a pair of aluminum-cylindrical anodes. The effects of the electrolysis period (4-60 min), current density (0.63-5.0 mA/cm2), and flow rate (50-150 ml/min) on Final TDS value were investigated. The increment of flow rate causes the final TDS value to be increased, while the extending of the electrolysis process and the raise in current density reduces it. The final TDS was 1842.54 mg/l (reduce by 307.46 mg/l) at optimum values of 1-h electrolysis, 5 mA/cm2 current density, and 50 ml/min flow rate, with an inner anode consumption of 0.13 g and an outer anode consumption of 0.43 g. Regression models with a p-value of 0.001 and F-value of 27.01 noted that the selected model components were important, and the estimated model is considered prominent. Furthermore, the regression coefficient (R2 = 97.99%) for the final TDS response revealed that the model fit the data well. This study confirmed the ability of the new electrocoagulation reactor to treat petroleum wastewater under significant conditions which overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional designs of electrocoagulation reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aiyd Jasim
- Samawa Refinery Department, Board of Production, Midland Refineries Company, Ministry of Oil, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University for Oil and Gas, Basra, Iraq
| | - Saja Mohsen Alardhi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Gvendolin Kulcsár
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Miklós Jakab
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8201, Veszprém, Hungary
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11
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Jasim MA, AlJaberi FY. Removal of COD from real oily wastewater by electrocoagulation using a new configuration of electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:651. [PMID: 37160640 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to bring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration down to safe levels for widespread use, this study plans to use a state-of-the-art electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) to treat real oily wastewater discharged from the Al-Muthanna petroleum refinery. A one-side finned (1SF) cathode tube was positioned between two tubular anodes in the continuous ECR, where the active area of the cathode was much more than its submerged volume. Each of these electrodes was made of aluminum and joined in a monopolar parallel to a DC power supply. On COD elimination efficiency, the impacts of operational parameters such as electrolysis time (4-60 min), current density (0.630-5.000 mA/cm2), and flow rate (50-150 ml/min) were explored. In conclusion, Increasing current density and electrolysis duration increases COD removal efficiency, whereas increasing flow rate reduces it. COD removal efficiencies were 82% at optimal electrolysis times of 60 (min), 5 (mA/cm2) current density, and 50 (ml/min) flow rate, with energy consumption of 4.787 (kWh/kg COD) and electrode consumption of 0.544 (g). The investigation results demonstrated that the new reactor could treat oily wastewater within the specified operational limits. It might be used before other, more conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aiyd Jasim
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
| | - Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.
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12
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Elhadeuf K, Bougdah N, Chikhi M, Ben Djaballah C, Balaska F. Optimization of textile wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation-microfiltration using recycled electrodes and Box-Behnken design. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-023-02395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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13
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AlJaberi FY, Ahmed SA, Makki HF, Naje AS, Zwain HM, Salman AD, Juzsakova T, Viktor S, Van B, Le PC, La DD, Chang SW, Um MJ, Ngo HH, Nguyen DD. Recent advances and applicable flexibility potential of electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161361. [PMID: 36610626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined >140 relevant publications from the last few years (2018-2021). In this study, classification was reviewed depending on the operation's progress. Electrocoagulation (EC), electrooxidation (EO), electroflotation (EF), electrodialysis (ED), and electro-Fenton (EFN) processes have received considerable attention. The type of action (individual or hybrid) for each electrochemical procedure was evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed to compare them as a new manner of reviewing cited papers providing a massive amount of information efficiently to the readers. Individual or hybrid operation progress of the electrochemical techniques is critical issues. Their design, operation, and maintenance costs vary depending on the in-situ conditions, as evidenced by surveyed articles and statistical analyses. This work also examines the variables affecting the elimination efficacy, such as the applied current, reaction time, pH, type of electrolyte, initial pollutant concentration, and energy consumption. In addition, owing to its efficacy in removing toxins, the hybrid activity showed a good percentage among the studies reviewed. The promise of each wastewater treatment technology depends on the type of contamination. In some cases, EO requires additives to oxidise the pollutants. EF and EFN eliminated lightweight organic pollutants. ED has been used to treat saline water. Compared to other methods, EC has been extensively employed to remove a wide variety of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.
| | - Shaymaa A Ahmed
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan F Makki
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Samir Naje
- College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Haider M Zwain
- College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University, Iraq
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Sebestyen Viktor
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - B Van
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - D Duong La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Um
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, HCM City 755414, Viet Nam.
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14
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Shahedi A, Darban AK, Jamshidi-Zanjani A, Homaee M. An overview of the application of electrocoagulation for mine wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:522. [PMID: 36988769 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges of the twenty-first century is related to the discharge and disposal of mine effluents and wastewater resulting from mine dewatering, precipitation, and surface runoff in mines, especially acidic effluents that contain a variety of toxic and heavy metals and are the main sources of surface and groundwater pollution. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been developed and used to treat mine effluents. All proposed methods have their own disadvantages that make their use challenging. One of the new methods used for wastewater treatment is the electrical coagulation process, which has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to its advantages such as simplicity, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The present review focused on the applications of electrocoagulation for mine wastewater treatment as well as metals recovery. In addition, the main mechanisms, advantages, and weaknesses of electrocoagulation were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shahedi
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khodadadi Darban
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Agrohydrology Research Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Jamshidi-Zanjani
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Agrohydrology Research Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Homaee
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Agrohydrology Research Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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José MH, Canejo JP, Godinho MH. Oil/Water Mixtures and Emulsions Separation Methods-An Overview. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2503. [PMID: 36984381 PMCID: PMC10053512 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catastrophic oil spill accidents, oily industrial wastewater, and other types of uncontrolled release of oils into the environment are major global issues since they threaten marine ecosystems and lead to a big economic impact. It can also affect the public health of communities near the polluted area. This review addresses the different types of oil collecting methods. The focus of this work will be on the different approaches to materials and technologies for oil/water separation, with a special focus on water/oil emulsion separation. Emulsified oil/water mixtures are extremely stable dispersions being, therefore, more difficult to separate as the size of the droplets in the emulsion decreases. Oil-absorbent materials, such as sponges, foams, nanoparticles, and aerogels, can be adjusted to have both hydrophobic and oleophilic wettability while displaying a porous structure. This can be advantageous for targeting oil spills in large-scale environmental and catastrophic sets since these materials can easily absorb oil. Oil adsorbent materials, for example, meshes, textiles, membranes, and clays, involve the capture of the oily material to the surface of the adsorbent material, additionally attracting more attention than other technologies by being low-cost and easy to manufacture.
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16
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Laouameur K, Flilissa A, Lemaoui CE, Ferkous H, Benguerba Y. Study of the effect of current intensity on the structural performance of electrogenerated mesoporous aluminum phosphate: application for adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27510-27524. [PMID: 36385339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To keep up with the development of contaminants in the water supply, it is required to create new adsorbents or improve current ones. The adsorption capacity of AlPO4 electrocoagulated with varying current intensities was examined. AlPO4 was produced by electrolysis in a NaCl solution using aluminum electrodes and a 0.1 M phosphate buffer at varying current intensities. Current efficiency was enhanced. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the adsorbents (FTIR). The specific surface area was estimated by the quantity of methylene blue adsorbed by particles in an aqueous solution. Numerous operating factors must be addressed, including pH, starting concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact duration. The electrostatic interaction between positively charged MB molecules and negatively charged adsorbents drives adsorption at alkaline pH. When describing equilibrium adsorption, the Langmuir model is more accurate. Modeling using an adsorption isotherm may further improve the predicted specific surface area. At 0.2 amperes, the observed specific surface area was 2.86 m2/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Laouameur
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Cardiovasculaires Génétiques Et Nutritionnelles, Faculté de Médecine Département de Pharmacie, Ferhat ABBAS University of Setif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Abdenacer Flilissa
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Cardiovasculaires Génétiques Et Nutritionnelles, Faculté de Médecine Département de Pharmacie, Ferhat ABBAS University of Setif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Charaf Eddine Lemaoui
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Cardiovasculaires Génétiques Et Nutritionnelles, Faculté de Médecine Département de Pharmacie, Ferhat ABBAS University of Setif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Hana Ferkous
- Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique Et Matériaux, Faculté de Technologie, Université de 20 Août 1955, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
- Département de Technologie, Université 20 août 1955 de Skikda, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria.
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17
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Kang H, Zhang D, Chen X, Zhao H, Yang D, Li Y, Bao M, Wang Z. Preparation of MOF/polypyrrole and flower-like MnO 2 electrodes by electrodeposition: High-performance materials for hybrid capacitive deionization defluorination. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119441. [PMID: 36470045 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine pollution has become a global public health problem due to its adverse health effects. Adsorption is the primary method for removing fluoride from drinking water. However, the adsorption method has disadvantages such as difficulty in recovering the adsorbent, and the need to add additional chemicals for regeneration, thereby causing secondary pollution, which limits further industrial applications. Capacitive deionization (CDI), as an emerging water treatment technology, has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages of simple operation, low energy consumption and less environmental impact. In this study, a polypyrrole (PPy) film was prepared on a graphite substrate by electrodeposition, and then metal-organic framework Ce/Zn-BDC-NH2 (CZBN) was deposited on the PPy film by electrophoretic deposition to obtain CZBN/PPy electrode was obtained. The CZBN/PPy anode was then coupled with the MnO2 cathode for capacitive removal of fluoride in a CDI cell. Both CZBN/PPy and MnO2 electrodes exhibit pseudocapacitive behavior, which can selectively and reversibly intercalate F- (CZBN/PPy) and Na+ (MnO2) ions. As expected, the CZBN/PPy-MnO2 system exhibits excellent fluorine removal performance. In 1.2 V, 100 mg/L F- solution, the F- removal capacity can reach 55.12 mg/g. It has high F- selectivity in the presence of some common anions, and can maintain high F- removal ability even after five adsorption regeneration processes. The mechanism of F- removal was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). F- was mainly removed by electrostatic interaction and ion exchange with hydroxyl. The excellent defluorination performance of the CZBN/PPy-MnO2 system makes it have good practical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Kang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Haosen Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China.
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhining Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China.
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18
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Tufail MA, Iltaf J, Zaheer T, Tariq L, Amir MB, Fatima R, Asbat A, Kabeer T, Fahad M, Naeem H, Shoukat U, Noor H, Awais M, Umar W, Ayyub M. Recent advances in bioremediation of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157961. [PMID: 35963399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants are causing detrimental effects on the environment. The seepage of heavy metals through untreated industrial waste destroys the crops and lands. Moreover, incineration and combustion of several products are responsible for primary and secondary emissions of pollutants. This review has gathered the remediation strategies, current bioremediation technologies, and their primary use in both in situ and ex situ methods, followed by a detailed explanation for bioremediation over other techniques. However, an amalgam of bioremediation techniques and nanotechnology could be a breakthrough in cleaning the environment by degrading heavy metals and persistant organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jawaria Iltaf
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tahreem Zaheer
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Leeza Tariq
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Amir
- Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology and Molecular Biology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Rida Fatima
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Asbat
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Kabeer
- Center of Agriculture Biochemistry and Biotechnology CABB, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Usama Shoukat
- Integrated Genomics Cellular Development Biology Lab, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Noor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Umar
- Institute of Environmental Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Muhaimen Ayyub
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sultana N, Roddick F, Gao L, Guo M, Pramanik BK. Understanding the properties of fat, oil, and grease and their removal using grease interceptors. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119141. [PMID: 36182671 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of wastewater with high levels of fat, oil, and grease (FOG), produced by the growing number (annually 2%) of food service establishments (FSEs), is a major concern for water utilities. About 30-40% of sewer blockages are caused primarily by the formation of FOG deposits in sewer pipes, and an annual additional maintenance cost is required for sewer management. To manage FOG deposition, FSEs are required to recover the FOG at the point of generation by installing grease interceptors (GIs) before release to the sewer system. The successful control of FOG deposition is largely dependent on clear understanding of its complex properties, pre-treatment processes, deposition mechanism and public awareness. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical properties of FOG, including particle size distribution and their removal efficiencies by existing GIs. Nowadays, generation of FOG particles of ≤45 µm is increasing because of the increasing use of automatic dishwashers. Current hybrid processes which comprise pre-treatment prior to GI use are ineffective since they are unable to completely remove particle sizes of ≤45 µm. Hence, there is potential for these particles to be released into the sewer system and eventually cause blockages. This critical review discusses the characteristics of effluents, including the particle size distributions generated from automatic dishwashers and handwash sinks. It concludes by providing some case studies and a perspective of the future opportunities to develop a novel GI process integrated with pre-treatment to remove particles of all sizes, including colloidal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufa Sultana
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Felicity Roddick
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia
| | - Mike Guo
- South East Water, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia
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20
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Liu N, Yang J, Hu X, Zhao H, Chang H, Liang Y, Pang L, Meng Y, Liang H. Fouling and chemically enhanced backwashing performance of low-pressure membranes during the treatment of shale gas produced water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156664. [PMID: 35700787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of shale gas produced water (SGPW) for beneficial reuse is currently the most dominant and economical option. Membrane filtration is one preferred method to deal with SGPW, but membrane fouling is an unavoidable problem. In this study, two types of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes and one type of microfiltration (MF) membrane were investigated to treat SGPW from Sichuan basin. Results showed that increased total dissolved solid (31-40 g/L) and UV254 (10-42.9 m-1) were observed for the same shale gas plays, and the primary fluorescent organic substances were humic acid-like components. Compared to UF membranes with the flux decline by 2% to 60%, MF membranes with larger pore size were more likely to be fouled with the flux decline by 43% to 95%. Cake layer filtration was verified to be the primary membrane fouling mechanism. Statistical analysis showed that UV254 played the most significant role in membrane fouling which had the highest correlation (0.76 to 0.93). Compared to permeate backwashing (13%), deionized water backwashing and chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB) using NaClO, H2O2 and citric acid improved the cleaning efficiencies (31%-95%). CEB using NaOH prepared by deionized water aggravated membrane fouling, while excellent cleaning efficiencies (39%-79%) were observed for CEB using NaOH prepared by permeate. The difference in cleaning behaviors for fouled membranes by SGPW was verified by morphology observation and element composition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiming Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Safety, Environment, and Technology Supervision Research Institute of Petrochina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqi Hu
- State Grid Sichuan Comprehensive Energy Service Co., Ltd., Power Engineering Br., Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Huaxin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Ying Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Lina Pang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Yuchuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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21
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Das PP, Sharma M, Purkait MK. Recent progress on electrocoagulation process for wastewater treatment: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Changmai M, Singh M. Artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) algorithm-based improvement, kinetics and isotherm studies of electrocoagulation of oily wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:584-592. [PMID: 35730353 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2090192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The work reported here focuses on the oil and grease removal from wastewater by the electrocoagulation process and using modeling and optimization for obtaining the results considering four major operating parameters, viz. current density, pH, electrode distance and reaction time. 31 experiments were designed by design of experiments (DOE) of response surface methodology (RSM) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) studies confirmed the agreement of the experimental results. Artificial neural network (ANN) was also utilized to determine predicted response using neural networks for 4-10-1 arrangement. Both the responses predicted by RSM and ANN were in alignment with the experimental results. Maximum removal of 78% was attained under the working parameters of 80 A m-2, 3.6 pH, electrode distance of 0.005 m and reaction time of 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murchana Changmai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Monika Singh
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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23
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Zhao R, Gao Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Lan X. Using ZnCu alloy as a facile and effective anti-scale strategy for cathode cleaning during electrocatalytic advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) of oil-field wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Solanki YS, Agarwal M, Gupta AB, Gupta S, Shukla P. Fluoride occurrences, health problems, detection, and remediation methods for drinking water: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150601. [PMID: 34597567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride contamination has become a considerable threat to our society worldwide. Fluoride in drinking water is primarily due to rich fluoride soil, volcanic activity, forage, grasses and grains, and anthropogenic reasons. World Health Organization has regulated the upper limit for fluoride in drinking water to be 1.5 mg/L while different countries have set their standards according to their circumstances. Excess amounts of fluoride ions in drinking water can cause dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, arthritis, bone damage, osteoporosis, muscular damage, fatigue, joint-related problems, and chronicle issues. In extreme conditions, it could adversely damage the heart, arteries, kidney, liver, endocrine glands, neuron system, and several other delicate parts of a living organism, briefed in the present article. Moreover, a comprehensive scenario for the situations in countries like, China, Canada, Mexico, United States, Yemen, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Iran, Turkey, Australia, and India affected with high fluoride levels in ground water has been described. To analyze the presence of fluoride molecule, out of different detections methods, ion selective and colorimetric method has been adopted for real situation in the field of water application. Also, different methods to remove fluoride from water like reverse osmosis, nano filtration, adsorption, ion-exchange, and precipitation/coagulation with their removal mechanism were highlighted in the review. Moreover, the applicability of the approach with the prospect of country's economic status has been discussed, due to high cost and maintenance the membrane technology is not popular in developing countries like India, Senegal, Tanzania, and Kenya which employ adsorption and coagulation-precipitation for fluoride removal. It is noticeable from literature study that different approaches show unique potential for defluoridation. Some key parameters and mechanistic adaptations which could pave the defluoridation methods to newer horizons have been put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Singh Solanki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Madhu Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India.
| | - A B Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Grasim Industries Limited (Aditya Birla Group), Bharuch, Gujrat 392012, India
| | - Pushkar Shukla
- Grasim Industries Limited (Aditya Birla Group), Bharuch, Gujrat 392012, India
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Akarsu C, Bilici Z, Dizge N. Treatment of vegetable oil wastewater by a conventional activated sludge process coupled with electrocoagulation process. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10692. [PMID: 35187750 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to study chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil-grease, and color removal from vegetable oil wastewater by combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes. For this purpose, the sample was pretreated using electrocoagulation by various optimization parameters such as electrode type (Al-Al and Fe-Fe), current density (100-400 A/m2 ), pH (2-8), and electrolysis time (15-180 min). The results showed that 89.3% of COD, 100% of oil-grease, and 66.2% of color were removed by electrocoagulation under the conditions of 300-A/m2 current density, pH 2, and 180-min reaction time with Al-Al electrode pairs. Then, the effluent of electrocoagulation was treated by an activated sludge process. The results depicted that the activated sludge process was also effective for vegetable oil wastewater treatment and it enhanced 98.9% COD and 79.2% color removal efficiency. The effluent of the combined process was very clear, and its quality exceeded the direct discharge standard of the water pollution control regulation. The laboratory-scale test results indicate that the combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge process is feasible for the treatment of vegetable oil wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Vegetable oil wastewater was treated by combination of electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes. The combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes supplied 99.9% COD, 100% oil-grease, and 93.0% color removal efficiency. The laboratory-scale test results indicate that the combined EC-SBR processes were feasible for the treatment of vegetable oil wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Bilici
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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26
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Synthesis of porous poly-HIPE @ nano silica core–shell composites and their application for oily wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zulkefli NF, Alias NH, Jamaluddin NS, Abdullah N, Abdul Manaf SF, Othman NH, Marpani F, Mat-Shayuti MS, Kusworo TD. Recent Mitigation Strategies on Membrane Fouling for Oily Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:26. [PMID: 35054552 PMCID: PMC8780462 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discharge of massive amounts of oily wastewater has become one of the major concerns among the scientific community. Membrane filtration has been one of the most used methods of treating oily wastewater due to its stability, convenience handling, and durability. However, the continuous occurrence of membrane fouling aggravates the membrane's performance efficiency. Membrane fouling can be defined as the accumulation of various materials in the pores or surface of the membrane that affect the permeate's quantity and quality. Many aspects of fouling have been reviewed, but recent methods for fouling reduction in oily wastewater have not been explored and discussed sufficiently. This review highlights the mitigation strategies to reduce membrane fouling from oily wastewater. We first review the membrane technology principle for oily wastewater treatment, followed by a discussion on different fouling mechanisms of inorganic fouling, organic fouling, biological fouling, and colloidal fouling for better understanding and prevention of membrane fouling. Recent mitigation strategies to reduce fouling caused by oily wastewater treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatihah Zulkefli
- Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.F.Z.); (N.S.J.); (S.F.A.M.); (N.H.O.); (F.M.); (M.S.M.-S.)
| | - Nur Hashimah Alias
- Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.F.Z.); (N.S.J.); (S.F.A.M.); (N.H.O.); (F.M.); (M.S.M.-S.)
| | - Nur Shafiqah Jamaluddin
- Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.F.Z.); (N.S.J.); (S.F.A.M.); (N.H.O.); (F.M.); (M.S.M.-S.)
| | - Norfadhilatuladha Abdullah
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf
- Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.F.Z.); (N.S.J.); (S.F.A.M.); (N.H.O.); (F.M.); (M.S.M.-S.)
| | - Nur Hidayati Othman
- Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.F.Z.); (N.S.J.); (S.F.A.M.); (N.H.O.); (F.M.); (M.S.M.-S.)
| | - Fauziah Marpani
- Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.F.Z.); (N.S.J.); (S.F.A.M.); (N.H.O.); (F.M.); (M.S.M.-S.)
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Mat-Shayuti
- Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.F.Z.); (N.S.J.); (S.F.A.M.); (N.H.O.); (F.M.); (M.S.M.-S.)
| | - Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia;
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28
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Electrocoagulation applied for the removal of microplastics from wastewater treatment facilities. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tong J, Zhu Z, He M, Zhou P, Jiang Y, Wang Z. Electrochemical degradation kinetics of cleaning wastewater containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Druskovic M, Vouk D, Posavcic H, Halkijevic I, Nad K. The application of electrochemical processes in oily wastewater treatment: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1373-1386. [PMID: 34783645 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1999714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oily wastewater is becoming a concern worldwide due to its quantities and the presence of contaminants and its sustainable treatment should be cost-effective and meet all requirements so the contaminants are not transferred to the environment. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art in the oily wastewater treatment by electrochemical processes such as electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and electrocoagulation. Efficiency of oily wastewater treatment has been thoroughly investigated with its expression as a function of the main technological (process) parameters. Fe and Al electrodes, as well as their combination have proven to be very effective in oily wastewater treatment with slightly better performance of Al electrodes. Higher current densities and longer reaction times result with higher COD, TOC, turbidity, phenol and oil and grease removal efficiencies, but with resulting increase in wastewater temperature and energy consumption, so there is a strong need for the process optimization. There is a need for further research on the treatment efficiencies of different contaminants (heavy metals, total hydrocarbons, organic halogens, cyanides, etc.). A lack of research is presented on the treatment efficiency with electrodes of different materials as well as the analyses of the sludge production and its further treatment and use or disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drazen Vouk
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hana Posavcic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halkijevic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Nad
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Yang S, Sun J, Wu K, Hu C. Enhanced oil droplet aggregation and demulsification by increasing electric field in electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131123. [PMID: 34182630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an efficient technology for removing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. However, the role of the electric field in EC for demulsification remains unclear and an obstacle for improving reactor design and operation. Herein, demulsification and oil removal performance by EC under different electric field conditions were investigated. Increasing the EC electric field intensity was beneficial for oil removal, and tandem EC had a higher electric field intensity than parallel EC under the same current density. When the current density was 0.67 mA cm-2, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates of tandem EC and parallel EC were 1 136.47 and 745.99 g COD kWh-1, respectively. Oil droplets were polarized by the electric field, and then aligned and aggregated parallel to the direction of the electric field. Increasing electric field intensity accelerated the aggregation of oil droplets, as verified by physical fluid simulation. Furthermore, results showed a higher Al3+ dosage and larger electric field intensity in EC with increasing current density, which was conducive to oil droplet demulsification. These findings provide insight into and a theoretical basis for improving oil removal by EC processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiguo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
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32
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33
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Hu J, Chen J, Liu F, An S, Shi Y, Luan Z, Xiao J, Zhang B. Enhancing oil removal from wastewater by combining inclined plate settler and electrocoagulation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1993258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenfa An
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC Group, Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Luan
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC Group, Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Xiao
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC Group, Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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34
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Xu T, Zheng X, Zhou Y, Zhu C, Hu B, Lei X, Zhang X, Yu G. Study on the treatment of Cu 2+-organic compound wastewater by electro-Fenton coupled pulsed AC coagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130679. [PMID: 34162078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electro-Fenton (EF) coupled with Pulsed alternating current coagulation (PACC) is an effective technology for the treatment of Cu2+-organic wastewater. In this study, the removal efficiency (Re), electrical energy consumption (EEC) and removal mechanism of Cu2+-organic were analyzed and the optimal operation parameters were determined. SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR were used to characterize the morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure, function groups of sludge produced in the EF-PACC. UV, ESR and GC-MS were employed to determine concentration of organic matter, existence of OH, middle products of decomposed organic matter in EF-PACC, respectively. The results show that under the optimal conditions of initial pH = 2.5, current density (j) = 2 A/m2, initial c(Cu2+) = 50 mg/L, c(chemical oxygen demand, COD) = 500 mg/L, c[H2O2] = 10 mL/L, frequency (f) = 1 Hz, t = 20 min, the Re(Cu2+) can reach 99.59%. Re(COD) is 90.21%, EEC 1.695 × 10-1 kWh/m3, and the amount of produced sludge (Ws) is 0.9283 kg/m3. Compared with single EF and PACC processes, the order of treatment efficiency is EF-PACC > EF > PACC. EF-PACC technique was a highly effective method in the treatment of Cu2+-organic compound wastewater. The EF-PACC coupled process includes that electrolyzed Fe3+ produces electrocoagulation and OH produces degradation of organic compounds. The combined action of the two effects can effectively remove Cu2+-organic from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421008, China.
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Fabrication of a novel latex-based membrane for oily wastewater filtration: effect of degassing on the properties of membrane. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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36
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Sahu O. Suitability of electro-chemical reactor with copper electrode for sugar industry wastewater treatment: optimization of parameters, mechanism, kinetics and sludge analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The waste water generated from sugar industry contains a high degree of organic pollutant. Treating the sugar industry wastewater is thus crucial important for the environmental concern. The treated water can be reprocessed in different unit operation due to lack of fresh water. The purpose of this research work is to treat the sugarcane processing industry wastewater by electrochemical technology. The experiment was carried out with the copper electrode in batch mode. The input process parameters were optimized by using response surface methodology. At optimum condition at pH 6.79, current 4.97, electrode distance 1.41 and treatment ∼30 min, maximum 87.07% of chemical oxygen demand and 99.18% color removals was attained. A fairly high predicted value of regression coefficient for chemical oxygen demand (Pre-R
2) 0.81 and color (Pre-R
2) 0.851 and adjacent value for chemical oxygen demand (Adj-R
2) 0.46 and color (Adj-R
2) 0.589 was obtained between the experimental values and the calculate values by using a second-order regression model. The physicochemical characterizations of scum reveal less percentage of inorganic and it cane used as a micronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , UIE Chandigarh University , Mohali , India
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37
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Oily Wastewater Treatment: Overview of Conventional and Modern Methods, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Industrial developments in the oil and gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food sector have contributed to the large production of oily wastewater worldwide. Oily wastewater pollution affects drinking water and groundwater resources, endangers aquatic life and human health, causes atmospheric pollution, and affects crop production. Several traditional and conventional methods were widely reported, and the advantages and limitations were discussed. However, with the technology innovation, new trends of coupling between techniques, use of new materials, optimization of the cleaning process, and multiphysical approach present new paths for improvement. Despite these trends of improvement and the encouraging laboratory results of modern and green methods, many challenges remain to be raised, particularly the commercialization and the global aspect of these solutions and the reliability to reduce the system’s maintenance and operational cost. In this review, the well-known oily wastewater cleaning methods and approaches are being highlighted, and the obstacles faced in the practical use of these technologies are discussed. A critical review on the technologies and future direction as the road to commercialization is also presented to persevere water resources for the benefit of mankind and all living things.
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Das PP, Mondal P, Anweshan, Sinha A, Biswas P, Sarkar S, Purkait MK. Treatment of steel plant generated biological oxidation treated (BOT) wastewater by hybrid process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Perumalsamy R, Kumaran C, Rajamanickam V. Utilization of Waste Aluminium Foil as a Sacrificial Electrode for the Treatment of Wastewater. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2021. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2020.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Latex-Based Membrane for Oily Wastewater Filtration: Study on the Sulfur Concentration Effect. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) latex/graphene oxide (GO) membranes were fabricated through a latex compounding and curing method which is a relatively new method to produce membranes for wastewater treatment. Hence, the steps in the production of the membrane through this new approach need to be evaluated to optimize the performance of the membrane. In this paper, the effect of sulfur loading in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 parts per hundred rubber (phr) on the morphology, crosslink density, tensile properties, permeation flux and oil rejection rate performance of NBR/GO membranes was studied. The sulfur loading was found to influence the surface morphology and integrity of the membrane which in turn affects the performance of the membrane in terms of strength, water flux and rejection rate of oil. Inaccurate sulfur loading produced a membrane with micro cracks, low surface area for filtration and could not withstand the filtration pressure. In this research work, the membrane with 1.0 phr sulfur provides the highest water flux value and oil rejection rate of 834.1 L/m2·hr and 92.23%, respectively. Surface morphology of 1.0 phr sulfur-loaded membrane revealed the formation of continuous membrane with high structural integrity and with wrinkles and folded structure. Furthermore, micro cracks and a less effective surface area for filtration were observed for membranes with 0.5 and 1.5 phr sulfur loading.
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41
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Treatment of mature landfill leachate by electrocoagulation followed by Fenton or UVA-LED photo-Fenton processes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Das PP, Mondal P, Sinha A, Biswas P, Sarkar S, Purkait MK. Integrated ozonation assisted electrocoagulation process for the removal of cyanide from steel industry wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128370. [PMID: 33297281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the removal of cyanide, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chloride from biological oxidation treated (BOT) effluent of the steel industry by integrated ozonation assisted electrocoagulation method. The removal efficiency of the pollutants was found to be inefficient when the electrocoagulation or ozonation process was performed separately. However, a combination of ozonation and electrocoagulation gives a highly satisfactory result. Such an integrated approach for the treatment of BOT effluent has not been previously investigated. The effects of operating variables viz. ozone generation rate, current density, and analysis time on pollutant removal were primarily analyzed for the hybrid process. The experimental operating condition was optimized and was seen that ozone generation rate of 1.33 mg s-1, ozonation time of 40 min, a current density of 100 A m-2, and electrolysis time of 30 min were sufficient for reducing the pollutant concentration below its permissible limits. The removal efficiencies of the combined process at optimum conditions were 99.8%, 94.7%, 95%, and 46.5% for cyanide, COD, BOD, and chloride ions, respectively. A kinetic study was performed for the degradation of the pollutants during ozonation. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was found to be best suited for the analysis with the highest R2 value of 0.99 for cyanide, COD, BOD, and chloride, respectively. The mass transfer study conducted further showed that the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, Kla, was increased with that of the ozone generation rate. Cost estimation of the hybrid process was done and compared with that of the other reported integrated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal P Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Piyal Mondal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - A Sinha
- Environmental Research Group, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, 831007, India
| | - P Biswas
- Environmental Research Group, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, 831007, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Environmental Research Group, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, 831007, India
| | - M K Purkait
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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43
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Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The separation performance, energy demand, and operating costs of electro-coagulation (EC) are compared to conventional chemical coagulation for oil–water separation using a simulated oil- and gas-produced water matrix. An iron-based chemical coagulant and sacrificial iron electrodes are evaluated. Effluent turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and oil and grease (O&G) removal were determined for various coagulant concentrations and reaction times and current densities. Chemical coagulation produced superior turbidity removal when scaled by the total iron dose. At lower iron doses (<500 mg/L), chemical coagulation yielded better COD, turbidity, and O&G removal. However, chemical coagulation was unable to effectively remove contaminants to meet the offshore discharge limit of 29 ppm O&G. At higher iron doses, EC was more effective at removing COD and O&G. The energy consumption of EC was found to be much higher even when factoring in the energy of production, transporting, and mixing of chemical coagulants, but the overall cost of EC was approximately half the cost of chemical coagulation, and more effective at O&G removal.
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Liu Y, Liu F, Ding N, Hu X, Shen C, Li F, Huang M, Wang Z, Sand W, Wang CC. Recent advances on electroactive CNT-based membranes for environmental applications: The perfect match of electrochemistry and membrane separation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bestawy EE, El-Shatby BF, Eltaweil AS. Integration between bacterial consortium and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles for the treatment of oily industrial wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:141. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Öztürk T, Özcan ÖF. Effectiveness of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation methods on paper industry wastewaters and optimum operating parameters. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1805465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Öztürk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Namık Kemal, Corlu, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Özcan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Namık Kemal, Corlu, Turkey
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Varjani S, Joshi R, Srivastava VK, Ngo HH, Guo W. Treatment of wastewater from petroleum industry: current practices and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27172-27180. [PMID: 30868465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum industry is one of the fastest growing industries, and it significantly contributes to economic growth in developing countries like India. The wastewater from a petroleum industry consist a wide variety of pollutants like petroleum hydrocarbons, mercaptans, oil and grease, phenol, ammonia, sulfide, and other organic compounds. All these compounds are present as very complex form in discharged water of petroleum industry, which are harmful for environment directly or indirectly. Some of the techniques used to treat oily waste/wastewater are membrane technology, photocatalytic degradation, advanced oxidation process, electrochemical catalysis, etc. In this review paper, we aim to discuss past and present scenario of using various treatment technologies for treatment of petroleum industry waste/wastewater. The treatment of petroleum industry wastewater involves physical, chemical, and biological processes. This review also provides scientific literature on knowledge gaps and future research directions to evaluate the effect(s) of various treatment technologies available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India.
| | - Rutu Joshi
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Srivastava
- Sankalchand Patel Vidyadham, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, 384315, India
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Öztel MD, Kuleyin A, Akbal F. Treatment of zinc plating wastewater by combination of electrocoagulation and ultrafiltration process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:663-672. [PMID: 32970619 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study treatment of zinc plating wastewater by combination of electrocoagulation (EC) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes was investigated. The effect of operating parameters such as wastewater pH, flow rate and membrane pore size on zinc removal was investigated to optimize the EC-UF process. The results showed that zinc removal was pH dependent and optimum pH was 9.0. The zinc removal over 99% was achieved by the combined EC-UF process with both 50 and 100 kDa membranes at pH 9.0 and current density of 5 mA cm-2. Suspended solids and oil-grease were also removed completely by the combined EC-UF process. The EC-UF process proved to be a promising technology for the treatment and recycling of zinc plating wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Dönmez Öztel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Ayşe Kuleyin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Feryal Akbal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey E-mail:
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Electrocoagulation treatment of high saline oily wastewater: evaluation and optimization. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03988. [PMID: 32529059 PMCID: PMC7283157 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work provides to treat real oily saline wastewater released from drilling oil sites by the use of electrocoagulation technique. Aluminum tubes were utilized as electrodes in a concentric manner to minimize the concentrations of 113400 mg TDS/L, 65623 mg TSS/L, and the ions of 477 mg HCO3/L, 102000 mg Cl/L and 5600 mg Ca/L presented in real oily wastewater under the effect of the operational parameters (the applied current and reaction time) by making use of the central composite rotatable design. The final concentrations of TDS, TSS, HCO3, Cl, and Ca that obtained were 93555 ppm (17.50%), 11011 ppm (83.22%), 189ppm (60.38%), 80000ppm (22%), and 4200 ppm (25%), respectively, under the optimum values of the operational parameters (1.625 Amps and 40 min). In spite of the low removal percentages of some pollutants, the present study proved the ability of this novel designed reactor for treating high saline real oily wastewater in accordance with the operational parameters. This prove the capability of the use of it as a pre-treatment of other conventional methods.
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Sinha A, Biswas P, Sarkar S, Bora U, Purkait MK. Utilization of LD slag from steel industry for the preparation of MF membrane. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 259:110060. [PMID: 31929036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on utilizing the solid waste generated from steel industry for the fabrication of porous ceramic membrane from Linz Donawitz (LD) slag. Membranes were fabricated using uniaxial method sintered at three different temperatures like 650 °C, 850 °C and 950 °C. Membranes fabricated with raw LD slag gave a highly basic filtrate. In contrast with this issue, LD slag was modified using acetic acid and CO2 purging to convert calcium oxide which is present in the slag to calcium carbonate. The membranes fabricated from modified LD slag showed a filtrate pH of 8.4 and 8.5. Porosity, pore size distribution, flexural strength, chemical stability was determined and pure water flux experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the prepared membranes. Considering the raw materials cost, the cost of the fabricated membranes was estimated in the range of 32.55-55.7 USD/m2. This work gives a potential path to develop microfiltration ceramic membrane with, high porosity and great quality in terms of strength and chemical stability. The fabricated membranes were utilized in a hybrid technique (flocculation followed by microfiltration) for the treatment of cold roll mill (CRM) wastewater generated from steel industry. Use of LD slag for the fabrication of ceramic membrane is not only an appealing option towards the commercialization of membrane, yet also great option to reduce the solid waste which is dumped to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sinha
- Environmental Research Group, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, 831007, India
| | - P Biswas
- Environmental Research Group, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, 831007, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Environmental Research Group, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, 831007, India
| | - U Bora
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - M K Purkait
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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