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Avraham R, Simon-Tuval T, Van Dijk D. Determinants of physical activity habit formation: a theory-based qualitative study among young adults. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2341984. [PMID: 38605587 PMCID: PMC11018029 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2341984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Engagement in physical activity significantly contributes to reducing the onset and severity of chronic diseases. Nonetheless, establishing habits around this behaviour remains a persistent challenge. This research endeavours to discern the determinants influencing the formation of physical activity habit among young adults in Israel, drawing upon a socio-ecological model. METHODS A qualitative approach with phenomenological-hermeneutical method was used. In-depth interviews were carried to cover four levels of the socio-ecological model. RESULTS Interviewees were categorized into three subgroups according to their physical activity habit strength: Habitually physically active (n = 8), Variably physically active (n = 11), and physically inactive (n = 6). The content analysis yielded four overarching themes associated with physical activity habit formation. Intrapersonal determinants encompassed personal traits, perceptions and attitudes, perceived benefits, and emotional responses related to physical activity. Interpersonal determinants encompassed social support, modelling support, and peer pressure. Community determinants pertained to social norms, resource availability, and accessibility. Finally, public policy considerations encompassed educational policies as well as workplace policies and cultural influences. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the unique determinants contributing to the formation of physical activity habit. As intrapersonal and interpersonal factors are significant determinants, interventions should focus on these elements in order to promote this behaviour among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Avraham
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School of Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tzahit Simon-Tuval
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dina Van Dijk
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Gobir IB, Agboola S, Nnadozie HO, Adamu H, Sanni FO, Adamu A, Bello AA, Otubu AS, Bazira D, Niyang PM. Patients and healthcare workers' preferences for using smart lockers in accessing and dispensing chronic disease medication in Nigeria: Findings from a descriptive cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303625. [PMID: 38968262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of smart locker technology has been beneficial for patients with chronic diseases who require regular medication and face challenges accessing healthcare facilities due to distance, time, or mobility issues. This study aimed to assess preferences for utilizing Smart Lockers in accessing and dispensing chronic disease medication among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 8th and December 4th, 2021, across secondary healthcare facilities in five states of Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Benue, and Niger. Among 1,133 participants included in the analysis, 405 were HCWs and 728 were patients with chronic illnesses. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used to summarize the data, while chi-square tests were employed to assess significant differences between healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. Results indicated a strong preference among both HCWs and patients for one-on-one counseling as the preferred method for orientating patients on using Smart Lockers, with 53.8% of HCWs and 58.1% of patients expressing this preference (p = 0.25). Additionally, there was a shared preference for hospitals or clinics as secure locations for Smart Lockers, with 68.9% of HCWs and 71.6% of patients preferring this option (p < 0.05). The majority of participants favored receiving notification of drug delivery via phone call, with 49.1% of HCWs and 48.8% of patients expressing this preference (p = 0.63). There was a significant difference in preferences for access hours, the majority (HCWs: 65.4% and patients: 52.6%) favored 24-hour access (p < 0.05). Participants identified patients with HIV within the age range of 18-40 as the most suitable population to benefit from using Smart Lockers for medication dispensing. These findings offer insights into healthcare policies aimed at enhancing medication access and adherence among patients with chronic diseases in Nigeria. The development of models for using smart lockers to dispense chronic disease medications to chronically ill persons in Nigeria and other populations is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bola Gobir
- Center for Global Health Practice and Impact, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Samson Agboola
- Georgetown Global Health Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Helen Adamu
- Georgetown Global Health Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Aisha Adamu
- Georgetown Global Health Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Azeez Akanbi Bello
- Georgetown Global Health Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Angmun Suzzy Otubu
- Savannah Health System Innovation Limited, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Deus Bazira
- Center for Global Health Practice and Impact, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Piring'ar Mercy Niyang
- Center for Global Health Practice and Impact, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Ricci C, Kruger IM, Kruger HS, Breet Y, Moss SJ, van Oort A, Bester P, Pieters M. Determinants of mortality status and population attributable risk fractions of the North West Province, South African site of the international PURE study. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:102. [PMID: 38970128 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality data and comparative risk assessments from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. There is an urgent need for high quality population health surveys to be conducted, to improve the national health surveillance system. Our aim was to perform a comparative risk assesment and report on the mortality status and cause of death data of participants from a South African site of the international Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. METHODS 1 921 Black participants were included, with a median observational time of 13 years resulting in 21 525 person-years. We performed a comparative risk assessment considering four health status domains: locality (rural vs. urban), socio-economic status (SES) (education and employment), lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption) and prevalent diseases (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension). Next, population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to determine the mortality risk attributable to modifiable determinants. RESULTS 577 all-cause deaths occurred. Infectious diseases (28.1% of all deaths) were the most frequent cause of death, followed by cardiovascular disease (CVD) (22.4%), respiratory diseases (11.6%) and cancer (11.1%). The three main contributors to all-cause mortality were HIV infection, high SES and being underweight. HIV infection and underweight were the main contributors to infectious disease mortality and hypertension, the urban environment, and physical inactivity to CVD mortality. HIV had the highest PAF, followed by physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco use and hypertension (for CVD mortality). CONCLUSION This African population suffers from a quadruple burden of disease. Urban locality, high SES, prevalent disease (HIV and hypertension) and lifestyle factors (physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol use) all contributed in varying degrees to all-cause and cause-specific mortalities. Our data confirm the public health importance of addressing HIV and hypertension, but also highlights the importance of physical inactivity, tobacco use and alcohol consumption as focal points for public health strategies to produce the most efficient mortality reduction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ricci
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North- West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Iolanthe M Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North- West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Herculina S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Yolandi Breet
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Hypertension in Africa Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Sarah J Moss
- Physical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Abie van Oort
- Physical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Petra Bester
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North- West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marlien Pieters
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Schulke M, Wilson K, Ramella K, Hodges Kulinna P, Poulos A. A gap in perceived accessibility to play spaces for physical activity in Arizona elementary schools. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101595. [PMID: 38490828 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans states all children should be provided with various physical activity opportunities; however, school play spaces are often unaccommodating to students with disabilities and this limitation may be exacerbated in lower-income schools. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to compare elementary school play space accessibility among children with and without disabilities at lower- and higher-income schools. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey assessing the perceived accessibility of play spaces for students with and without disabilities in low- and high-income schools administered to 178 physical education teachers across Arizona. Chi-square analyses were conducted to assess reported play space adequacy among students with and without disabilities, and associations by school-level income. RESULTS There was a significant association between disability status and reported playground and play field inadequacy (p < 0.05). Without considering school income, reported inadequacy was 3x greater for students with disabilities compared to those without for both playgrounds and play fields. Among low-income schools, reported inadequacy was 3x greater for playgrounds and 7x greater for play fields for students with disabilities compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a gap in access to school play spaces for students with disabilities and highlight the lack of inclusive play areas specifically among schools serving low-income populations. Our findings underscore the need for students with disabilities to be considered in the development of play spaces to ensure this at-risk population receives maximum opportunities for accessible movement and social engagement during the school day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Schulke
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Kylie Wilson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Kelly Ramella
- Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Pamela Hodges Kulinna
- Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, 1050 S Forest Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Allison Poulos
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Alshahrani NZ. Predictors of physical activity and public safety perception regarding technology adoption for promoting physical activity in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102753. [PMID: 38798910 PMCID: PMC11127561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to identify the predictors of levels of physical activity among the residents of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, it seeks to understand the public's safety perception regarding the adoption of technology for promoting physical activity. Method This is an analytical cross-sectional study using self-administered web-based survey. A stratified sampling technique was used to select participants from adult population in Jeddah and data collection took place from May 2023 to December 2023. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of low-intensity (walking steps) and high-intensity physical activities. Result A total of 462 participated in the study. Gender significantly influenced walking habits, with males more likely to walk than females (AOR = 2.37; 95 % CI: 1.55-3.62; P < 0.001). Smoking status was also a predictor, with smokers more inclined to walk compared to non-smokers (AOR = 2.15; 95 % CI: 1.20-3.82; P = 0.010). High-intensity physical activity strongly correlated with increased walking, especially among those active 3-7 days per week (AOR = 3.03; 95 % CI: 1.91-4.78; P < 0.001). Chronic diseases negatively impacted walking frequency (AOR = 0.57; 95 % CI: 0.34-0.95; P = 0.031). Furthermore, males were likelier to engage in high-intensity activities compared to females (AOR = 1.61; 95 % CI: 1.04-2.50; P = 0.033). Those walking ≥ 10,000 steps weekly were more likely to participate in high-intensity activities (AOR = 3.07; 95 % CI: 1.95-4.82; P < 0.001). Excellent self-rated health was associated with higher participation in such activities (AOR = 2.00; 95 % CI: 1.30-3.06; P = 0.002). Most respondents (84.9 %) felt safe on public walkways, and 78.1 % indicated safety perceptions influenced their walkway use. Technology use was divided, with about half (49.1 %) using apps for tracking physical activity. The majority (90.9 %) supported adding motivational features to the 'Sehhaty' app, and 73.6 % favored financial rewards for walking. However, only 45.5 % believed that public walkways are designed to encourage walking. Conclusion The study highlights significant predictors of physical activity among general population in Jeddah. The study also revealed the impact of safety perceptions and technology use on physical activity, with strong support for motivational features in health apps. However, there is a need for improved design of public walkways to encourage walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najim Z. Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Linhares M, Oliveira GTA, Cabral DAR, Rêgo MLM, Araújo ADO, Silva RDM, Silva LRFD, Lima MNMD, Neto LDO, Cureau FV, Elsangedy HM. Sit less and move more! A cross-sectional study of the associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviors with inhibitory control in Brazilian adults. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102643. [PMID: 38593966 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the independent and joint associations between sedentary behaviors (SB) and physical activity (PA) with inhibitory control (IC) in adults. METHODS A total of 111 participants (median age = 30 years; 60% women), completed the Stroop Color-Words test to assess IC. They also wore accelerometers for seven days to measure SB, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and daily steps. We previously set cutoff points for SB and PA measurements and tested them to determine their association with IC. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounding factors including age, gender, post-secondary education, income, body mass index, and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS Low SB, high MVPA, and high daily steps were independently associated with a better IC compared to their respective counterparts. Adults with low levels of SB and light PA demonstrated better IC performance (β = -227.67, 95%CI = -434.14 to -21.20) compared to those with high SB and low light PA. Conversely, individuals with high SB and high light PA exhibited worse performance (β = 126.80, 95%CI = 2.11 to 251.50) than those in the high SB and low light PA group. Furthermore, the joint association of low SB with high MVPA (β = -491.12, 95%CI = -689.23 to -293.01) or low SB with high daily steps (β = -254.29, 95%CI = -416.41 to -92.16) demonstrated better IC performance compared to those with high SB and low MVPA or low daily steps. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight independent and joint associations between low SB, high MVPA, and high daily steps with enhanced IC in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela Linhares
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Raíssa de Melo Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leônidas de Oliveira Neto
- Department of Arts, Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vogt Cureau
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hassan Mohamed Elsangedy
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Hösl B, Straif J, Niedermeier M, Kopp M. A study on acute expectation effects on affective state and intention after a brief full-body workout in a student sample. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 38937915 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Brief exercise bouts can have positive effects on the affective state, which in turn could affect the intention for future exercise. Such benefits may be enhanced by manipulating expectations. The aim of this study was to examine whether the affective state after physical activity or the intention for future exercise can be influenced by manipulating expectations. Furthermore, the relationship between affect and intention was investigated. In an online experiment, 121 persons completed either a 10-minute workout (PA), a workout after manipulation of expectations (PA + EM), or a control intervention (CG) after randomized group allocation. Data on affective state, expectations, and intention were collected before and after the intervention using questionnaires. After intervention, PA groups showed significantly more positive values than CG in several affective parameters, in other affective parameters, only PA + EM differed from CG. Affect was positively associated with intention alongside outcome expectations. No difference was found in intention. Although no significant effects of expectation manipulation on affective state or intention were found, latent effects cannot be ruled out. Further exploration of the importance of word choice in describing physical activity in the context of interventions to increase physical activity is necessary. Here, affect should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hösl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Straif
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Sivaramakrishnan H, Davis E, Obadimeji L, Valentine J, Wood F, Shetty V, Finlay-Jones A. Behavior Change Techniques Involved in Physical Activity Interventions for Children With Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review. Ann Behav Med 2024:kaae033. [PMID: 38917474 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavior change techniques (BCTs) have been extensively used in physical activity interventions for children, however, no systematic reviews have synthesized their effects. PURPOSE The present review aimed to identify the most promising BCTs used in physical activity interventions associated with (i) increased physical activity behavior and (ii) positive psychosocial outcomes in children with chronic conditions. METHODS A systematic search of 6 databases identified 61 articles as eligible for inclusion. Data, including BCTs, were extracted from these studies and analyzed descriptively. Due to the heterogeneity of interventions, chronic conditions, and outcome measures, a meta-analysis was not conducted. RESULTS Social support (unspecified), graded tasks, generalization of target behavior, and credible source were the most commonly reported and most promising (i.e., present in 2+ studies evidencing significant effects) BCTs across all studies. These BCTs were found to be especially relevant to improving psychosocial outcomes in the short- and long-term and improving physical activity behaviors in the long-term. Meanwhile, to improve short-term physical activity behaviors, in addition to social support (unspecified), action planning, goal setting (behavior), and problem solving were found to be promising BCTs. CONCLUSIONS The BCTs identified in this review may be relevant to incorporate when planning future interventions to support physical activity and psychosocial outcomes for children with chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsini Sivaramakrishnan
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Davis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Jane Valentine
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Fiona Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth Children's Hospital, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Vinutha Shetty
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Amy Finlay-Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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Filiz B, Özyol FC, Güven B, Korur EN, Yüksel Y, Yavuz CI, Ding K, Yang J, Durstine JL, Chin MK, Demirhan G. Physical activity, anxiety, depression, and coping in Turkish men and women during the first wave of COVID-19. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00057123. [PMID: 38896591 PMCID: PMC11178373 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen057123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A need exists to better understand the relationships between COVID-19, coping behaviors, physical activity and stress, and COVID-19's impact on way of life. A cross-sectional study design was used to examine adult physical activity, hope, depression, anxiety, and coping status by gender during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the impact of these variables on the coping process. The study also examined the effect of gender on the relation between physical activity and dependent variables. A global survey instrument was used in this study, including 1,400 Turkish adults. This study identified significant gender-based differences regarding physical activity, hope, depression, anxiety, and coping status of adults, although no significant gender-based difference was found regarding hope scores. Furthermore, physical activity directly influenced coping (β = 0.10), hope (β = 0.12), and anxiety (β = -0.08). Hope directly and positively influenced coping (β = 0.45) and directly and negatively influenced anxiety (β = -0.25) and depression (β = -0.28). Moreover, gender did not directly affect physical activity, but it was associated with decreased coping and increased depression and anxiety. Finally, gender had no effect on the relation between physical activity and hope, coping, depression, and anxiety (p > 0.01). These outcomes support the critical importance of physical activity and hope when coping with COVID-19 regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijen Filiz
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Funda Coşkun Özyol
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Bengü Güven
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezel Nur Korur
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Yüksel
- Hasan Doğan School of Physical Education and Sports, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | | | - Kele Ding
- School of Health Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, U.S.A
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, U.S.A
| | - J Larry Durstine
- Exercise Science Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Ming-Kai Chin
- Foundation for Global Community Health, Las Vegas, U.S.A
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Pallangyo P, Bhalia SV, Komba M, Mkojera ZS, Manji ES, Millinga J, Gandye Y, Kisenge PR. Acute myocardial infarction following "dry scooping" of a pre-workout supplement in a healthy young man of African origin: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241261157. [PMID: 38881969 PMCID: PMC11179451 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241261157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry scooping, a rather risky act of consuming undiluted pre-workout protein powder hoping for a more pronounced energy surge, is increasingly becoming a fitness trend worldwide. A previously healthy 25-year-old man of African origin presented with acute onset of crushing mid-sternal chest pain for 4 h. His symptoms began about an hour following completion of his 2-h exercise regimen at the gym. He had an unremarkable past medical history except for an 8-month consumption of a pre-workout supplement as part of his gym routine. He claimed to have adhered to the manufacturer's recommended method of using the supplement, except for 3 days prior to presentation when he started "dry scooping" following the viewing of a video advocating such practice from his fitness WhatsApp group. Cardiac evaluation revealed features in keeping with diagnosis of anterolateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Emergency coronary angiography revealed a thrombotic lesion completely occluding the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery with TIMI 0 flow distally. After successful balloon angioplasty, a drug-eluting stent was implanted successfully, restoring TIMI 3 flow to the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. This case report aims to raise awareness among both clinicians and the general public regarding the pervasiveness of pre-workout supplements, improper methods of consumption, and the potential life-threatening repercussions of misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pallangyo
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Smita V Bhalia
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Makrina Komba
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zabella S Mkojera
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Eva S Manji
- Department of Clinical Support Services, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jalack Millinga
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yona Gandye
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter R Kisenge
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Jun L, Knight E, Broderick TL, Al-Nakkash L, Tobin B, Geetha T, Babu JR. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Enhances Mitochondrial Biogenesis Markers in the Skeletal Muscle of a Mouse Model Affected by Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1836. [PMID: 38931191 PMCID: PMC11206830 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers with distinctive characteristics. Oxidative muscle fiber types contain higher mitochondrial content, relying primarily on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP generation. Notably, as a result of obesity, or following prolonged exposure to a high-fat diet, skeletal muscle undergoes a shift in fiber type toward a glycolytic type. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, constantly undergoing mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic processes. Our study aims to explore the impact of obesity on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and also ascertain whether the skeletal muscle fiber type shift occurs from the aberrant mitochondrial machinery. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of exercise in preserving the oxidative muscle fiber types despite obesity. Mice were subjected to a normal standard chow and water or high-fat diet with sugar water (HFS) with or without exercise training. After 12 weeks of treatment, the HFS diet resulted in a noteworthy reduction in the markers of mitochondrial content, which was recovered by exercise training. Furthermore, higher mitochondrial biogenesis markers were observed in the exercised group with a subsequent increase in the mitochondrial fission marker. In conclusion, these findings imply a beneficial impact of moderate-intensity exercise on the preservation of oxidative capacity in the muscle of obese mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (L.J.)
| | - Emily Knight
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (L.J.)
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Brielle Tobin
- The Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (L.J.)
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (L.J.)
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Ma D, Sun Y, Chen G, Hao S, Jiang Z, Wang R, Hao S. The association between physical activity intensity and frailty risk among older adults across different age groups and genders: Evidence from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305346. [PMID: 38861565 PMCID: PMC11166314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
"Exercise is the best medicine" is well known, but the optimal dose of physical activity (PA) for males and females across different age groups is still unknown. This study, using data from the four waves of CHARLS, aimed to determine the optimal PA dose that reduces frailty risks among older adults across various age groups and both sexes. We created a frailty index score using 63 health-related variables and used 0.21 as the frailty cut point. Binary logistic regression was used to compare the effect of vigorous, moderate, and light intensity PA under IPAQ criteria on frailty risk. The study found that regardless of whether males or females, the optimal effect of vigorous-intensity PA in reducing the risk of frailty is consistently observed throughout the entire old age career. Moreover, the age groups at which moderate-intensity PA reduces the risk of frailty were from age 70 for males and from age 80 for females. And light-intensity PA had no effect on reducing the risk of frailty. Moderate and vigorous intensity of PA in older adults should be promoted, but guidelines and recommendations must account for optimal associations with PA dose across genders and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Guoyang Chen
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Siwei Hao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Zhenping Jiang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Shuaipeng Hao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
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Baskerville R, Castell L, Bermon S. Sports and Immunity, from the recreational to the elite athlete. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104893. [PMID: 38531477 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The pivotal role of the immune system in physical activity is well-established. While interactions are complex, they tend to constitute discrete immune responses. Moderate intensity exercise causes leukocytosis with a mild anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and immunoenhancement. Above a threshold of intensity, lactate-mediated IL-6 release causes a proinflammatory state followed by a depressed inflammatory state, which stimulates immune adaptation and longer term cardiometabolic enhancement. Exercise-related immune responses are modulated by sex, age and immunonutrition. At all ability levels, these factors collectively affect the immune balance between enhancement or overload and dysfunction. Excessive training, mental stress or insufficient recovery risks immune cell exhaustion and hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) stress responses causing immunodepression with negative impacts on performance or general health. Participation in sport provides additional immune benefits in terms of ensuring regularity, social inclusion, mental well-being and healthier life choices in terms of diet and reduced smoking and alcohol, thereby consolidating healthy lifestyles and longer term health. Significant differences exist between recreational and professional athletes in terms of inherent characteristics, training resilience and additional stresses arising from competition schedules, travel-related infections and stress. Exercise immunology examines the central role of immunity in exercise physiology and straddles multiple disciplines ranging from neuroendocrinology to nutrition and genetics, with the aim of guiding athletes to train optimally and safely. This review provides a brief outline of the main interactions of immunity and exercise, some influencing factors, and current guidance on maintaining immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stéphane Bermon
- World Athletics Health and Science Department, Monaco and LAMHESS, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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14
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Malheiro LFL, Fernandes MM, Oliveira CA, Barcelos IDS, Fernandes AJV, Silva BS, Ávila JS, Soares TDJ, Amaral LSDB. Renoprotective mechanisms of exercise training against acute and chronic renal diseases - A perspective based on experimental studies. Life Sci 2024; 346:122628. [PMID: 38614303 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise training can lead to several health benefits, reduce mortality risk, and increase life expectancy. On the other hand, a sedentary lifestyle is a known risk factor for chronic diseases and increased mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a significant global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The progression from AKI to CKD is well-recognized in the literature, and exercise training has emerged as a potential renoprotective strategy. Thus, this article aims to review the main molecular mechanisms underlying the renoprotective actions of exercise training in the context of AKI and CKD, focusing on its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and autophagy regulatory effects. For that, bibliographical research was carried out in Medline/PubMed and Scielo databases. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in renal diseases are not fully understood, experimental studies demonstrate that oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and dysregulation of fibrotic and autophagic processes play central roles in the development of tissue damage. Increasing evidence has suggested that exercise can beneficially modulate these mechanisms, potentially becoming a safe and effective non-pharmacological strategy for kidney health protection and promotion. Thus, the evidence base discussed in this review suggests that an adequate training program emerges as a valuable tool for preserving renal function in experimental animals, mainly through the production of antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), irisin, IL-10, and IL-11. Future research can continue to explore these mechanisms to develop specific guidelines for the prescription of exercise training in different populations of patients with kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Fabiana Luz Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Masimessi Fernandes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Caroline Assunção Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Souza Barcelos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Ana Jullie Veiga Fernandes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Júlia Spínola Ávila
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Brazil.
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15
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Hoseini R, Raed Hamid R. Lowering blood pressure by exercise: investigating the effect of sweating. Blood Press Monit 2024; 29:109-118. [PMID: 38299995 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
High blood pressure (hypertension), is a common medical condition, affecting millions of people and is associated with significant health risks. Exercise has been suggested to manage hypertension by inducing sweating and the corresponding loss of sodium and water from the body.Thus, a variety of epidemiological and clinical studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between sweating and exercise-induced blood pressure reduction and its impacts on hypertension. The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced blood pressure reduction are complex and still not fully understood. However, several pathways have been suggested, including the loss of sodium and water through sweat, a decrease in peripheral resistance, and an improvement in endothelial function in the blood vessels. The decrease in sodium and water content in the body associated with sweating may result in a reduction in blood volume and thus a decrease in blood pressure. Moreover, the reduction in peripheral resistance is thought to be mediated by the activation of the nitric oxide synthase pathway and the release of vasodilators such as prostacyclin and bradykinin, which lead to vasodilation and, thus, a reduction in blood pressure. In conclusion, exercise-induced sweating and consequent sodium and water loss appear to be a reliable biological link to the blood pressure-reducing effects of exercise in hypertensive individuals. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced blood pressure reduction are complex and involve several biological pathways in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, understanding the role of sweat production in blood pressure management is important for developing effective exercise interventions to prevent and manage hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah
| | - Rasha Raed Hamid
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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16
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Dennaoui N, Guagliano JM, Kolt GS, Jammal M, George ES. A systematic review of culturally adapted physical activity interventions for culturally and linguistically diverse children and adolescents. Prev Med 2024; 183:107979. [PMID: 38697226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited evidence shows culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children and adolescents are less active, compared to the general population. It is unclear, how physical activity interventions have been adapted for CALD children and adolescents to enhance engagement. This study aimed to review culturally adapted physical activity interventions targeting CALD children and adolescents. METHODS All studies recruited children and adolescents (i.e., aged ≥5 to <18 years old) from CALD backgrounds, targeted physical activity, and included cultural adaptations. Cultural adaptations were defined as surface structures (i.e., observable characteristics of a targeted population) or deep structures (i.e., rooted in core ethnic values derived from individual cultures. RESULTS Twenty studies were included. Ten studies used a combination of surface and deep structure adaptations. Of these 10 studies, 3 found a significant between-group difference in physical activity favouring the intervention group. Among studies (n = 6) that used surface structure adaptations (e.g., language adjustments to information sheets, consent forms, and resources), 1 found a significant intervention effect on physical activity. With studies (n = 4) that used deep structure adaptations (e.g., incorporating traditional songs and dances relevant to cultural groups), 1 study found a significant intervention effect on physical activity. CONCLUSION A small number of studies found significant changes to increase physical activity levels. We found there is a lack of consistent evidence indicating that incorporating surface and/or deep structure adaptations result in significant changes in physical activity. Future research should focus on establishing higher quality methodology when developing culturally adapted interventions for CALD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Dennaoui
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Jammal
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Dell'Acqua C, Messerotti Benvenuti S, Cellini N, Brush CJ, Ruggerone A, Palomba D. Familial risk for depression is associated with reduced physical activity in young adults: evidence from a wrist-worn actigraphy study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:219. [PMID: 38806490 PMCID: PMC11133440 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by reduced physical activity and sleep-wake cycle disturbances, often considered important features of the disease. While a few studies have suggested that self-reported reduced physical activity and sleep-wake cycle disturbances might both be linked to depression vulnerability, actigraphy-based measures in vulnerable samples remain largely unexplored. This study relied on actigraphy-based parameters to test whether these disturbances characterize depression vulnerability. Seven-day actigraphy data were collected from 20 (13 female) university students with a high vulnerability to depression, which was determined by the presence of a family history of the condition but no current symptoms, and 32 (21 female) controls with neither a family history of depression nor current depressive symptoms. Daily physical activity, namely gross motor activity, was quantified as average daily acceleration and time spent engaging in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms were assessed as total sleep duration per night (in hours), sleep within sleep period time (in hours), sleep efficiency (%), and relative amplitude (i.e., the difference between the activity during the day and the night, which reflects circadian rhythms amplitude). Results showed that individuals with a familial risk for depression exhibited reduced daily acceleration and time spent in MVPA relative to the control group, particularly on the weekend during their free time away from scheduled activities. On the other hand, the two groups were comparable in terms of sleep estimates. Taken together, reduced physical activity, but not sleep-wake disturbances, seem to be associated with vulnerability to depression and might be a viable target for identification and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - C J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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18
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Bae MH, Zhang X, Lee JS. Exercise, grit, and life satisfaction among Korean adolescents: a latent growth modeling analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1392. [PMID: 38783255 PMCID: PMC11119792 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life satisfaction among Korean students is declining substantially, and multifaceted improvement efforts are required. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal change trajectories for exercise, grit, and life satisfaction levels among Korean adolescents using latent growth modeling with longitudinal data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Surveys of 2,142 students (male: 1,070, female: 1,072) from sixth grade (2020) through eighth grade (2022). RESULTS The model, which tracked linear changes in the students' exercise, grit, and life satisfaction, showed consistent declines over three school years for all variables. We also identified a longitudinal causal relationship among exercise, grit, and life satisfaction. A higher grit intercept was associated with higher intercept for-and a partial mediating effect between-exercise and life satisfaction. The grit slope was positively related to the life satisfaction slope, and both the intercept and exercise slope had positive effects on life satisfaction. Moreover, grit had a longitudinal mediating effect between exercise and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the longitudinal change trajectories of exercise, grit, and life satisfaction, the causal and mediating effects among them, and the implications of the findings. These findings bolster our understanding of Korean adolescents' life satisfaction and have practical significance for designing programs to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Hun Bae
- Department of Elementary Education, College of First, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou City, The People's Republic of China
| | - Je-Seong Lee
- Department of Sports Education, Gwangju National University of Education, Gwangju Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea.
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Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Del Mar Sánchez-Serrano M, Abenza-Cano L. Are physical activity and/or adherence to the Mediterranean diet determinants of the changes found in kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness in adolescents? BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38764036 PMCID: PMC11103987 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The practice of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) have been extensively studied for their relationship with kinanthropometric, body composition and physical fitness variables. However, no previous study has analyzed whether these healthy habits are equally determinant for the differences found in kinanthropometric, body composition and physical fitness variables or, on the contrary, if one of them is more relevant. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to analyze the differences in kinanthropometric, body composition, and physical fitness variables between adolescents with different levels of physical activity and AMD, and (2) to determine whether physical activity and/or AMD are predictors of differences in kinanthropometric variables, body composition or physical fitness in adolescents. The sample consisted of 791 adolescents (404 males and 387 females; mean age: 14.39±1.26 year-old) whose physical activity level, AMD, kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness, were measured. The results showed differences when considering the level of physical activity in kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness, but not the level of AMD, which was relevant only when it was poor, and the adolescents were inactive. Nevertheless, the AMD did not seem to exert such a determining effect as to produce significant differences on its own. On the other hand, the practice of physical activity did act as a predictor mainly of changes in the fitness variables. Therefore, the main novelty of the present study is the establishment of an order of importance of the healthy habits acquired by adolescents, concluding that the practice of physical activity is more determinant for the differences found in the study variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Tabatabaie-Zadeh SA, Mahdavi N, Mahdaviani B, Selk-Ghaffari M. Evaluating the association between lifetime physical activity and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A case-control study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303929. [PMID: 38768241 PMCID: PMC11104635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral cancers are the 6th most common malignancy worldwide and oral squamous cell carcinoma, comprises over 90% of oral cancers. This study investigates the relationship between physical activity level during the lifetime and oral squamous cell carcinoma risk. METHODS 100 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and 200 healthy individuals participated in this case-control study. Physical activity level was evaluated via the Lifetime Physical Activity Questionnaire. The occupational, household, and sports domains of lifetime physical activity were determined. Case and control groups' participants were matched in terms of sex, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption by the Frequency Matching Method. Mann-Whitney U Test was applied to compare physical activity levels between groups. RESULTS The Body Mass Index was higher among cases compared with controls. The average amounts of lifetime physical activity among cases and controls were approximately identical. However, only a statistically significant difference between time spent on total lifetime physical activities and the oral squamous cell carcinoma risk was discovered. Moreover, there were no statistically significant odds ratios in examining the risk associated with each domain of activities. CONCLUSIONS The total time spent on lifetime physical activity may decrease the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma; However, the total level and intensity of lifetime physical activity are not significantly associated with the oral squamous cell carcinoma risk. Further studies are required in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazanin Mahdavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mahdaviani
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Selk-Ghaffari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Zeng J, Bao S, Zhang B, Li X, Wang H, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Zu L, Xu X, Xu S, Song Z. Cancer progression and tumor hypercoagulability: a platelet perspective. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024:10.1007/s11239-024-02993-0. [PMID: 38760535 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism, which is common in cancer patients and accompanies or even precedes malignant tumors, is known as cancer-related thrombosis and is an important cause of cancer- associated death. At present, the exact etiology of the elevated incidence of venous thrombosis in cancer patients remains elusive. Platelets play a crucial role in blood coagulation, which is intimately linked to the development of arterial thrombosis. Additionally, platelets contribute to tumor progression and facilitate immune evasion by tumors. Tumor cells can interact with the coagulation system through various mechanisms, such as producing hemostatic proteins, activating platelets, and directly adhering to normal cells. The relationship between platelets and malignant tumors is also significant. In this review article, we will explore these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtong Zeng
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shihao Bao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianjie Li
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Zu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Colleges of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zuoqing Song
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Sañudo B, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Fernández-Gavira J, Gaser D, Stöcker N, Peralta M, Marques A, Papakonstantinou S, Nicolini C, Sitzberger C. Physical and Psychosocial Benefits of Sports Participation Among Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:54. [PMID: 38750266 PMCID: PMC11096140 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify sports interventions for children and adolescents (CaA) with chronic diseases and evaluate their impact on physical, psychological, and social well-being. The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of the potential benefits of sports interventions for CaA with chronic diseases and inform future interventions to promote their overall health and well-being. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in eight databases. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and utilized a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies on sport-based interventions for CaA with chronic diseases. The review included randomized controlled trials and observational studies that focused on physical and psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS We screened 10,123 titles and abstracts, reviewed the full text of 622 records, and included 52 primary studies. A total of 2352 participants were assessed with an average of 45 ± 37 participants per study. Among the included studies involving CaA with chronic diseases with an age range from 3 to 18 years, 30% (n = 15) autism spectrum disorders, 21% (n = 11) cerebral palsy, 19% (n = 10) were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and 17% (n = 9) obesity. Other diseases included were cancer (n = 5), asthma (n = 1) and cystic fibrosis (n = 1). Interventions involved various sports and physical activities tailored to each chronic disease. The duration and frequency of interventions varied across studies. Most studies assessed physical outcomes, including motor performance and physical fitness measures. Psychosocial outcomes were also evaluated, focusing on behavioural problems, social competencies, and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Overall, sport-based interventions effectively improved physical and psychosocial outcomes in CaA with chronic diseases. Interventions are generally safe, and participants adhere to the prescribed protocols favorably. Despite that, there is little evidence that interventions are being implemented. Future studies should include interventions tailored to meet the common issues experienced by CaA with chronic conditions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the impact of sports interventions on those affected. REGISTRATION The methodology for this review was pre-determined and registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42023397172).
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sañudo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Dominik Gaser
- Chair of Preventive Pediatrics, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola Stöcker
- CRETHIDEV. Creative Thinking Development, Attiki, Greece
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Chiara Nicolini
- CEIPES. Centro Internazionale per la Promozione dell'Educazione e lo Sviluppo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Christina Sitzberger
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Janowski AJ, Berardi G, Hayashi K, Plumb AN, Lesnak JB, Khataei T, Martin B, Benson CJ, Sluka KA. The influence of sex on activity in voluntary wheel running, forced treadmill running, and open field testing. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4365992. [PMID: 38798501 PMCID: PMC11118703 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4365992/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity is commonly used for both measuring and treating dysfunction. While preclinical work has been historically biased towards males, the use of both male and female animals is gaining popularity after multiple NIH initiatives. With increasing inclusion of both sexes, it has become imperative to determine sex differences in common behavioral assays. The purpose of this study was to determine baseline sex differences in 3 activity assays: voluntary wheel running, forced treadmill running, and open field testing. Methods This was a secondary analysis of sex differences in healthy mice in 3 different assays: Separate mice were used for each assay. Specifically, 16 mice underwent 28 days of voluntary wheel running, 178 mice underwent forced treadmill running, and 88 mice underwent open field testing. Differences between sex across several activity parameters were examined for each assay. Results In voluntary wheel running, sex differences with larger effect sizes were observed in distance run, running time, and bout duration, with smaller effect size differences in speed, and no difference in total bouts. In forced treadmill running, differences were shown in time to exhaustion, but no difference in max speed attained. In open field, there were sex differences in active time but not in distance and speed in data aggregated over 30 minutes; however, distance and speed in male mice showed a downward trajectory over the final 20 minutes of testing, whereas females maintained the same trajectory. Conclusion These data suggest that male mice demonstrate comparable activity intensity as female mice but do not match female's duration of activity, especially for volitional tasks. Researchers utilizing these assays should account for sex differences as they could potentially mask true findings in an experiment. Plain English Summary Physical activity is a common measure to examine function in human subjects with and without disease. Animal models often use measures of physical activity to assess function, yet most of these measures have been done in males only, making interpretation and translation to females and humans difficult. Several measures have been used to measure activity in animals, including those examining voluntary running behavior, maximum capacity, and general activity levels; sex differences between these measures are unclear. We discovered sex differences throughout each of three activity tests. In voluntary running behavior there were large differences between sexes with females running a greater distance and spending more time running. There were small differences in the maximum capacity with females running for a longer period at high intensity. General activity levels showed small differences with females being less active than males. Thus, the greatest differences were found for voluntary running and small differences were found for maximum capacity and general activity levels; differences observed were dependent on the task. Researchers utilizing these assays should account for sex differences as they could potentially mask true findings in an experiment.
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24
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Vasilopoulou M, Asimakopoulou Z, Velissari J, Vicha A, Rizogianni M, Pusa S, Stöven S, Ficarra S, Bianco Α, Jiménez-Pavón D, Ponce Gonzalez Jesus G, Tavares Paula C, Gomes B, Bayer D, Silva S, Nogueira C, Papakonstantinou S, Musa K, Glorioso F, Vantarakis A. Interventions about physical activity and diet and their impact on adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: a Prisma systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:342. [PMID: 38739198 PMCID: PMC11090968 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the past few decades, the incidence of cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYA) has been increasing. The impact of behaviors, such as physical activity (PA) and nutrition, on disease progression, prognosis, and overall health and quality of life for AYA cancer survivors is of significant importance. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PA and diet interventions for AYA cancer survivors and to critically evaluate existing literature, gaps, and limitations. METHODS A search of literature was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar following the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two studies were included from online databases from 2012 to 2022, 13 of which were randomized controlled trials. RESULTS Most interventions were related to PA, with only four studies including nutrition or Diet interventions. The interventions were generally feasible and acceptable to AYA cancer survivors, and digitally based PA interventions were commonly used. PA interventions mainly comprised aerobic and resistance training and were individualized. Overall, this review found various PA and diet interventions for AYA cancer survivors that were feasible and well-accepted, but gaps in knowledge and design still exist. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review underscores the importance of conducting more research on diet interventions for YCS. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#aboutregpage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vasilopoulou
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Z Asimakopoulou
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - J Velissari
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Oncology Unit, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - A Vicha
- Oncology Unit, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - M Rizogianni
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - S Pusa
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Campus Örnsköldsvik, Box 843, S 891 18, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - S Stöven
- European CBRNE Center, Umeå University, KBC-Huset, Linnaeus Väg 6, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Ficarra
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Α Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Jiménez-Pavón
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Ponce Gonzalez Jesus
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - C Tavares Paula
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education and *CIDAF (Uid/Dtp/042143/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B Gomes
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education and *CIDAF (Uid/Dtp/042143/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Bayer
- Department of Health Consulting, Research and Science, Outdoor Against Cancer, Munich, Germany
| | - S Silva
- Psycho-Oncology Unit, Portuguese Cancer League-Centre Branch, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Nogueira
- Innovation & Development Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - K Musa
- CEIPES ETS, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Glorioso
- Lega Italiana Per La Lotta Contro I Tumori (LILT Palermo), Palermo, Italy
| | - A Vantarakis
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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25
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Stecher C, Chen CH, Codella J, Cloonan S, Hendler J. Combining anchoring with financial incentives to increase physical activity: a randomized controlled trial among college students. J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s10865-024-00492-4. [PMID: 38704776 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare the relative efficacy of different combinations of three behavioral intervention strategies (i.e., personalized reminders, financial incentives, and anchoring) for establishing physical activity habits using an mHealth app and (2) to examine the effects of these different combined interventions on intrinsic motivation for physical activity and daily walking habit strength. A four-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in a sample of college students (N = 161) who had a self-reported personal wellness goal of increasing their physical activity. Receiving cue-contingent financial incentives (i.e., incentives conditional on performing physical activity within ± one hour of a prespecified physical activity cue) combined with anchoring resulted in the highest daily step counts and greatest odds of temporally consistent walking during both the four-week intervention and the full eight-week study period. Cue-contingent financial incentives were also more successful at increasing physical activity and maintaining these effects post-intervention than traditional non-cue-contingent incentives. There were no differences in intrinsic motivation or habit strength between study groups at any time point. Financial incentives, particularly cue-contingent incentives, can be effectively used to support the anchoring intervention strategy for establishing physical activity habits. Moreover, mHealth apps are a feasible method for delivering the combined intervention technique of financial incentives with anchoring.
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26
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Das S, Khan R, Banerjee S, Ray S, Ray S. Alterations in Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Physical Activity in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Interventions, and Lessons for the Future. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04178-5. [PMID: 38702566 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Although the world is acquitting from the throes of COVID-19 and returning to the regularity of life, its effects on physical and mental health are prominently evident in the post-pandemic era. The pandemic subjected us to inadequate sleep and physical activities, stress, irregular eating patterns, and work hours beyond the regular rest-activity cycle. Thus, perturbing the synchrony of the regular circadian clock functions led to chronic psychiatric and neurological disorders and poor immunological response in several COVID-19 survivors. Understanding the links between the host immune system and viral replication machinery from a clock-infection biology perspective promises novel avenues of intervention. Behavioral improvements in our daily lifestyle can reduce the severity and expedite the convalescent stage of COVID-19 by maintaining consistent eating, sleep, and physical activity schedules. Including dietary supplements and nutraceuticals with prophylactic value aids in combating COVID-19, as their deficiency can lead to a higher risk of infection, vulnerability, and severity of COVID-19. Thus, besides developing therapeutic measures, perpetual healthy practices could also contribute to combating the upcoming pandemics. This review highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on biological rhythms, sleep-wake cycles, physical activities, and eating patterns and how those disruptions possibly contribute to the response, severity, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Rajni Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Hajipur, Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Srishti Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Shashikant Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India.
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27
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Mi Y, Zhu Q, Chen Y, Zheng X, Wan M, Li Y. Impact of Physical Activity Frequency, Duration, and Intensity on Senile Cataract Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38814746 PMCID: PMC11146084 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.5.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to determine the causal effects of physical activities with different frequencies, durations, and intensities on the risk of senile cataracts using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods A bidirectional two-sample MR approach was used to determine the association between physical activity and senile cataract risk. Our primary analysis used the inverse variance weighted method, and secondary analyses included MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, and Cochran's Q statistic to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Causal estimates were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Genetically predicted moderate physical activity ≥ 10 min/wk (OR = 0.765, 95% CI = 0.627-0.936, P = 8.73E-03), vigorous physical activity ≥ 10 min/wk (OR = 0.691, 95% CI = 0.521-0.917, P = 1.04E-02), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (OR = 0.552, 95% CI = 0.369-0.823, P = 3.75E-03), and overall acceleration average (OR = 0.952, 95% CI = 0.926-0.978, P = 3.80E-04) were associated with a decreased risk of senile cataract while walking ≥ 10 min/wk (OR = 0.972, 95% CI = 0.741-1.275, P = 8.36E-01) had no significant correlation. The reverse MR analysis showed no reversal causality from senile cataract to physical activity except for walking ≥ 10 min/wk (OR = 0.951, 95% CI = 0.923-0.979, P = 7.30E-04). Conclusions Our findings suggest that moderate to vigorous physical activity with higher frequency and longer duration will causally reduce the risk of senile cataracts, and there is no reverse causal relationship. Translational Relevance These findings underscore the potential of incorporating physical activity into preventive health strategies for senile cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Mi
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinnan Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinni Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minghui Wan
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yipao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Imboden M. Maintaining Brain Health: An Imperative for Successful Aging and Business Performance. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:576-589. [PMID: 38553416 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241232042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Imboden
- Center for Cardiovascular Analytics, Research and Data Science, Providence Heart Institute, Providence Saint Joseph Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
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29
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Whitsel LP, Ablah E, Pronk NP, Anderson RE, Imboden MT, Hosking M. Physical Activity and Brain Health: Integrating the Evidence Base into Workplace Health Promotion. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:586-589. [PMID: 38553414 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241232042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolaas P Pronk
- HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert E Anderson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mary T Imboden
- Center for Cardiovascular Analytics, Research and Data Science, Providence Heart Institute, Providence Saint Joseph Health, Portland, OR, USA
- Healthy Enhancement Research Organization, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael Hosking
- Creator of Revocycle Mind and Body Cycling/Education, Portland, OR, USA
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30
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Goharinejad S, Ahrari MN, Moulaei K, Sarafinejad A. Evaluating the effects of mobile application-based rehabilitation on improving disability and pain in patients with disputed thoracic outlet syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Med Inform 2024; 185:105400. [PMID: 38479190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disputed thoracic outlet syndrome (D.TOS) stands as one of the primary global contributors to physical disability, presenting diagnostic and treatment challenges for patients and frequently resulting in prolonged periods of pain and functional impairment. Mobile applications emerge as a promising avenue in aiding patient self-management and rehabilitation for D.TOS. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a certain mobile application-based rehabilitation on pain relief and the improvement of disability in patients experiencing D.TOS. METHODS Eighty-eight patients diagnosed with D.TOS randomized 1:1 to either the control group (n = 44) or the intervention group (n = 44). Participants in the control group were provided with a brochure containing standard rehabilitation exercise instructions, a written drug prescription from the physician, and guidance on recommended physical activity levels, including home exercises. In contrast, all participants in the intervention group used the mobile application. Disability and pain levels in patients were assessed after six weeks in both groups. RESULT Both groups improved pain and disability based on the scaled measurements. According to the questionnaire scale, the intervention group showed a considerable decline in disability; however, there was a significant difference in just one question (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the intervention group showed significant improvement in neck pain NRS (p = 0.024) compared to the control. Based on the shoulder and head pain numeric rate scale (NRSs), both groups showed improvement in disability conditions; but there were no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Mobile applications are promising tools for alleviating disabilities and pain in patients with musculoskeletal conditions. This study confirmed the potential of mobile technology to enhance active and corrective physical activity, thereby reducing pain in patients with D.TOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the identifier IRCT20141221020380N3 (http://www.irct.ir/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Goharinejad
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naeem Ahrari
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Specialist, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Moulaei
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Afshin Sarafinejad
- Clinical Informatics Research and Development Lab, Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Gefter L, Morioka-Douglas N, Srivastava A, Jiang CA, Lewis M, Sanders L, Rodriguez E. Assessing health behavior change and comparing remote, hybrid and in-person implementation of a school-based health promotion and coaching program for adolescents from low-income communities. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2024:cyae015. [PMID: 38687641 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
To assess the impact of a school-based health intervention on adolescents' health knowledge, psychosocial assets and health behaviors, including comparisons of implementation mode: remote, hybrid or in-person. The Stanford Youth Diabetes Coaches Program, an 8-week, school-based health promotion and coaching skills program, was offered to adolescents (ages 14-18 years) from four low-income US communities. Mode of program implementation was remote, hybrid or in-person. Participants completed online pre- and postsurveys. Analysis included paired t-tests, linear regression and qualitative coding. From Fall 2020 to Fall 2021, 262 adolescents enrolled and 179 finished the program and completed pre- and postsurveys. Of the 179, 80% were female, with a mean age of 15.9 years; 22% were Asian; 8% were Black or African American; 25% were White; and 40% were Hispanic. About 115 participants were remote, 25 were hybrid and 39 were in-person. Across all participants, significant improvements (P < 0.01) were reported in health knowledge, psychosocial assets (self-esteem, self-efficacy and problem-solving) and health behaviors (physical activity, nutrition and stress reduction). After adjusting for sex and age, these improvements were roughly equivalent across the three modes of delivery. Participation was associated with significant improvements in adolescent health behaviors. Furthermore, remote mode of instruction was just as effective as in-person and hybrid modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Gefter
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nancy Morioka-Douglas
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ashini Srivastava
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Can Angela Jiang
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meredith Lewis
- UAB Medicine Huntsville, Family Medicine Center, UAB Medicine, Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, 301 Governors Dr SW, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA
| | - Lee Sanders
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eunice Rodriguez
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Viegas R, Guerreiro MP, Duarte-Ramos F, Mendes R, da Costa FA. The role of community pharmacists and pharmacies in physical activity promotion: an interdisciplinary e-Delphi study. Int J Clin Pharm 2024:10.1007/s11096-024-01731-z. [PMID: 38662124 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has a key role in the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Community pharmacists are an accessible source to provide brief advice to people on how to be more physically active. Nonetheless, there is a limited understanding of stakeholders' perspectives on their role in promoting physical activity, to inform policy and practice. The present study addresses this gap. AIM To determine consensus from different health professionals on the role of pharmacists and pharmacies in brief physical activity counselling in Portugal. METHOD This cross-sectional study used a two-round e-Delphi panel. The questionnaire was organised into four domains of physical activity promotion and comprised 37 items. Interdisciplinary experts rated their level of agreement using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was set at the outset as 75% or more of participants scoring 4 or 5 (consensus "in") or 1 or 2 (consensus "out"). RESULTS Forty-two health professionals involved in promoting physical activity in the ambulatory setting in Portugal were selected through purposive quota sampling. Eighteen out of 37 items were consensual in the first round and five more achieved consensus after the second round (62.2%). Physical activity promotion was seen as the role of all healthcare workforce and pharmacies were considered as suitable spaces for service provision, regardless of remuneration. CONCLUSION This study endorses a set of roles for physical activity promotion in community pharmacy from an interdisciplinary perspective. Consensually established perspectives can inform policy making and practice, streamlining the coordination of pharmacies with the national health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Viegas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon - Imed, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mara Pereira Guerreiro
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipa Duarte-Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon - Imed, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Romeu Mendes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipa Alves da Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon - Imed, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Amedro P, Gavotto A, Huguet H, Souilla L, Huby AC, Matecki S, Cadene A, De La Villeon G, Vincenti M, Werner O, Bredy C, Lavastre K, Abassi H, Cohen S, Hascoet S, Dauphin C, Chalard A, Dulac Y, Souletie N, Bouvaist H, Douchin S, Lachaud M, Ovaert C, Soulatges C, Combes N, Thambo JB, Iriart X, Bajolle F, Bonnet D, Ansquer H, Delpey JG, Cohen L, Picot MC, Guillaumont S. Early hybrid cardiac rehabilitation in congenital heart disease: the QUALIREHAB trial. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:1458-1473. [PMID: 38430485 PMCID: PMC11032713 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiopulmonary fitness in congenital heart disease (CHD) decreases faster than in the general population resulting in impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). As the standard of care seems insufficient to encourage and maintain fitness, an early hybrid cardiac rehabilitation programme could improve HRQoL in CHD. METHODS The QUALIREHAB multicentre, randomized, controlled trial evaluated and implemented a 12-week centre- and home-based hybrid cardiac rehabilitation programme, including multidisciplinary care and physical activity sessions. Adolescent and young adult CHD patients with impaired cardiopulmonary fitness were randomly assigned to either the intervention (i.e. cardiac rehabilitation) or the standard of care. The primary outcome was the change in HRQoL from baseline to 12-month follow-up in an intention-to-treat analysis. The secondary outcomes were the change in cardiovascular parameters, cardiopulmonary fitness, and mental health. RESULTS The expected number of 142 patients was enroled in the study (mean age 17.4 ± 3.4 years, 52% female). Patients assigned to the intervention had a significant positive change in HRQoL total score [mean difference 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2; 7.3; P = .038; effect size 0.34], body mass index [mean difference -0.7 kg/m2 (95% CI -1.3; -0.1); P = .022; effect size 0.41], level of physical activity [mean difference 2.5 (95% CI 0.1; 5); P = .044; effect size 0.39], and disease knowledge [mean difference 2.7 (95% CI 0.8; 4.6); P = .007; effect size 0.51]. The per-protocol analysis confirmed these results with a higher magnitude of differences. Acceptability, safety, and short-time effect of the intervention were good to excellent. CONCLUSIONS This early hybrid cardiac rehabilitation programme improved HRQoL, body mass index, physical activity, and disease knowledge, in youth with CHD, opening up the possibility for the QUALIREHAB programme to be rolled out to the adult population of CHD and non-congenital cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Amedro
- Department of Fetal, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, M3C National CHD Reference Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Leveque Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac Cedex, France
- IHU Liryc, INSERM 1045, University of Bordeaux, Avenue du Haut-Leveque, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Arthur Gavotto
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Helena Huguet
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Department, University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Souilla
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Cecile Huby
- Department of Fetal, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, M3C National CHD Reference Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Leveque Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac Cedex, France
- IHU Liryc, INSERM 1045, University of Bordeaux, Avenue du Haut-Leveque, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stefan Matecki
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Cadene
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Department, University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregoire De La Villeon
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, St-Pierre Institute, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Marie Vincenti
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, St-Pierre Institute, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Oscar Werner
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, St-Pierre Institute, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Charlene Bredy
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Fontfroide Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, 1800 rue de Saint-Priest, 34097 Montpellier, France
| | - Kathleen Lavastre
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Hamouda Abassi
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C National Reference CHD Centre, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Sebastien Hascoet
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C National Reference CHD Centre, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Claire Dauphin
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurelie Chalard
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Dulac
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Souletie
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Helene Bouvaist
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephanie Douchin
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Lachaud
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Ovaert
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, APHM La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Soulatges
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, APHM La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Combes
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, Pasteur Clinic, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Thambo
- Department of Fetal, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, M3C National CHD Reference Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Leveque Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac Cedex, France
- IHU Liryc, INSERM 1045, University of Bordeaux, Avenue du Haut-Leveque, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Xavier Iriart
- Department of Fetal, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, M3C National CHD Reference Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Leveque Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C National Reference CHD Centre, APHP Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C National Reference CHD Centre, APHP Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Helene Ansquer
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Guillaume Delpey
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Laurence Cohen
- Fetal, Pediatric and Congenital Private Practice, 8 rue du Conseil de l'Europe, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Department, University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM-CIC 1411, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Guillaumont
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, St-Pierre Institute, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
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An YD, Ma GX, Cai XK, Yang Y, Wang F, Zhang ZL. Examining the association between delay discounting, delay aversion and physical activity in Chinese adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:675-685. [PMID: 38680691 PMCID: PMC11045427 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical, influencing this disease's development, man-agement, and overall outcomes. In China, 22.3% of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the factors that contributing to lack of physical activity must be identified. AIM To investigate the relationship among delay discounting, delay aversion, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and various levels of physical activity in Chinese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In 2023, 400 adults with T2DM were recruited from the People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and details on physical activity, delay discounting, and delay aversion. In addition, HbA1c levels were measured in all 400 participants. The primary independent variables considered were delay discounting and delay aversion. The outcome variables included HbA1c levels and different intensity levels of physical activity, including walking, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity. Multiple linear regression models were utilized to assess the relationship between delay discounting, delay aversion, and HbA1c levels, along with the intensity of different physical activity measured in met-hours per week. RESULTS After controlling for the sample characteristics, delay discounting was negatively associated with moderate physical activity (β = -2.386, 95%CI: -4.370 to -0.401). Meanwhile, delay aversion was negatively associated with the level of moderate physical activity (β = -3.527, 95% CI: -5.578 to -1.476) in the multiple linear regression model, with statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION Elevated delay discounting and increased delay aversion correlated with reduced levels of moderate physical activity. Result suggests that delay discounting and aversion may influence engagement in moderate physical activity. This study recommends that health administration and government consider delay discounting and delay aversion when formulating behavioral intervention strategies and treatment guidelines involving physical activity for patients with T2DM, which may increase participation in physical activity. This study contributes a novel perspective to the research on physical activity in adults with T2DM by examining the significance of future health considerations and the role of emotional responses to delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Dong An
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 731100, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guo-Xia Ma
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 731100, Gansu Province, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730013, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xing-Kui Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Hezheng, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 731200, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 731100, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Geratology, People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 731100, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhan-Lin Zhang
- Department of Medical, People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 731100, Gansu Province, China
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Chu SF, Lin LC, Chiu AF, Wang HH. Dispositional mindfulness: Is it related to knee osteoarthritis population's common health problems? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299879. [PMID: 38598447 PMCID: PMC11006190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research supports dispositional mindfulness as important in influencing physical and mental health as well as physical activities in patients with chronic illnesses. Knee osteoarthritis (OA), which often causes health problems, is one of the most common chronic illnesses, but less is known about dispositional mindfulness in relation to this condition. OBJECTIVE To explore possible associations between dispositional mindfulness and physical and mental health as well as physical activity in knee OA patients. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we recruited a purposive sample of orthopedic clinic patients in hospitals in Southern Taiwan. Instruments included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Health-related characteristics were also measured. Demographic statistics, bivariate correlations, and multiple linear regression informed our exploration of potentially related factors for dispositional mindfulness. RESULTS Participants with knee OA (N = 250) were mostly elderly (88%), female (70.5%), and married (84%). Marital status, perceived health status, depression, and physical activity were associated with dispositional mindfulness. Better perceived health, lower depression, and greater physical activity were significantly associated with greater dispositional mindfulness. However, the severity of symptoms, fear of falling, and exercise self-efficacy did not reach statistical significance in relation to dispositional mindfulness. CONCLUSION Greater emphasis should be placed on the cultivation of mindfulness to enhance individuals' perceived health, decrease their depressive mood, and promote their engagement in physical activity, which could indirectly alleviate their experience of pain and improve their physical function, yielding better quality of life and well-being. Future research should focus on interventions to apply dispositional mindfulness in order to determine whether dispositional mindfulness can effectively improve physical and mental health as well as physical activity in those with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Feng Chu
- College of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aih-Fung Chiu
- College of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hung Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Sirotiak Z, Brellenthin AG, Hariharan A, Welch AS, Meyer JD, Franke WD. Psychological correlates of physical activity among adults living in rural and urban settings. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1389078. [PMID: 38659683 PMCID: PMC11039787 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1389078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Middle-aged and older adults living in rural settings have been consistently less likely to report regular physical activity (PA) than those living in urban settings. While past literature has identified sociodemographic and environmental correlates of PA that may contribute to these differences, consideration of psychological correlates has been limited. A total of 95 rural and urban adults ≥50 years old provided self-reported sociodemographic information, PA level, and psychological correlates of PA including measures assessing motivation, self-efficacy, social support, and attitudes related to PA. The average participant age was 68.6 years, and most were female (62.1%) and married (70.5%). While PA level did not differ significantly between the rural and urban groups, different psychological correlates contributed significantly to separate rural and urban linear regression models considering PA status. Among rural adults, more positive attitudes toward PA, and greater PA self-efficacy and social support were associated with greater amounts of PA while for urban adults, no psychological correlates were significantly associated with PA. Psychosocial factors may be key considerations in developing more effective PA interventions in middle-aged and older adults living in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Sirotiak
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Arjun Hariharan
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Amy S. Welch
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, United States
| | - Jacob D. Meyer
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Warren D. Franke
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Lara D, Alaniz-Cantú EI, Siddalingaiaha S, Oliveira I, Chávez-Iñiguez A, DeJesus E, Fuller D, Marquez DX, Vásquez E, Li D, McIntosh S, Ossip DJ, Cupertino AP, Cartujano-Barrera F. Actívatexto: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Intervention That Promotes Smoking Cessation and Physical Activity among Latinos. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1016-1023. [PMID: 38592449 PMCID: PMC11000686 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile intervention that promotes smoking cessation and physical activity among Latinos living in the United States. Twenty Latino adults who smoked and did not meet recommended levels of physical activity were recruited using community-based recruitment strategies. Participants received Actívatexto, a theory-based, culturally accommodated, 12-week text messaging intervention (available in English and Spanish) that promotes smoking cessation and physical activity. Actívatexto integrates four components: (i) a text messaging program, (ii) a wearable device, (iii) an online dashboard where the research team manages participants' incoming and outgoing data from both the text messaging program and wearable device, and (iv) nicotine replacement therapies (NRT). We assessed self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at month 3, weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), pharmacotherapy adherence, and satisfaction. At baseline, participants' mean age was 47.3 years old (SD 16.0), 55% of participants were female, and 60% indicated that Spanish was their language of preference. Seventy-five percent of participants smoked 1-10 cigarettes daily and 35% smoked their first cigarette within 5 minutes after waking up. At month 3, 14 participants (70%) self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence (90% follow-up rate). Fitbit-assessed mean minutes of MVPA per week increased from 113 (SD 127; range: 0-399) at week 1 to 177 (SD 163; range: 0-513) at month 3 (P = 0.15). Sixteen participants (88.9%, 16/18) reported NRT use in the past 90 days. Most participants reported being extremely satisfied or satisfied with the intervention (88.9%, 16/18). SIGNIFICANCE Actívatexto resulted in a noteworthy cessation rate at month 3 (70%), increased mean weekly minutes of MVPA, produced high use of NRT, and was well received by participants. Additional testing in a randomized clinical trial is warranted to assess the efficacy of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daimarelys Lara
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edgar I. Alaniz-Cantú
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Simran Siddalingaiaha
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Igor Oliveira
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Arlette Chávez-Iñiguez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Elisa DeJesus
- Language Services, Ibero American Action League, Rochester, New York
| | - Daniel Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - David X. Marquez
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth Vásquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Deborah J. Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Ana Paula Cupertino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Dhahi TS, Dafhalla AKY, Saad SA, Zayan DMI, Ahmed AET, Elobaid ME, Adam T, Gopinath SCB. The importance, benefits, and future of nanobiosensors for infectious diseases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:429-445. [PMID: 38238920 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, are crucial for efficient disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality rates and controlling disease spread. Traditional laboratory-based diagnostic methods face challenges such as high costs, time consumption, and a lack of trained personnel in resource-poor settings. Diagnostic biosensors have gained momentum as a potential solution, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and portability. Nanobiosensors are a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis. These sensors use nanostructured carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles to detect specific biomarkers or pathogens. They operate through mechanisms like the lateral flow test platform, where a sample containing the biomarker or pathogen is applied to a test strip. If present, the sample binds to specific recognition probes on the strip, indicating a positive result. This binding event is visualized through a colored line. This review discusses the importance, benefits, and potential of nanobiosensors in detecting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th S Dhahi
- Electronics Technical Department, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq
| | - Alaa Kamal Yousif Dafhalla
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Ali Saad
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Advanced Communication Engineering, Centre of Excellence (ACE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Spangler HB, Lynch DH, Gross D, Cook SB, Batsis JA. Changes in Weight or Body Composition by Frailty Status: A Pilot Study. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 43:83-94. [PMID: 38470401 PMCID: PMC11213668 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2024.2326807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Weight loss may benefit older adults with obesity. However, it is unknown whether individuals with different frailty phenotypes have different outcomes following weight loss. Community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 (n = 53) with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 were recruited for a six-month, single-arm, technology-based weight loss study. A 45-item frailty index identified frailty status using subjective and objective measures from a baseline geriatric assessment. At baseline, n = 22 participants were classified as pre-frail (41.5%) and n = 31 were frail (58.5%), with no differences in demographic characteristics. While weight decreased significantly in both groups (pre-frail: 90.8 ± 2.7 kg to 85.5 ± 2.4 kg (p < 0.001); frail: 102.7 ± 3.4 kg to 98.5 ± 3.3 kg (p < 0.001), no differences were observed between groups for changes in weight (p = 0.30), appendicular lean mass/height2 (p = 0.47), or fat-free mass (p = 0.06). Older adults with obesity can safely lose weight irrespective of frailty status using a technology-based approach. Further investigation is needed to determine whether the impact of specific lifestyle interventions differ by frailty status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David H. Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Danae Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Summer B. Cook
- School of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham NH
| | - John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Ndlovu NL, Mdlalose WB, Ntsendwana B, Moyo T. Evaluation of Advanced Nanomaterials for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:473. [PMID: 38675134 PMCID: PMC11054857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a persistent global disease and a threat to the human species, with numerous cases reported every year. Over recent decades, a steady but slowly increasing mortality rate has been observed. While many attempts have been made using conventional methods alone as a theragnostic strategy, they have yielded very little success. Most of the shortcomings of such conventional methods can be attributed to the high demands of industrial growth and ever-increasing environmental pollution. This requires some high-tech biomedical interventions and other solutions. Thus, researchers have been compelled to explore alternative methods. This has brought much attention to nanotechnology applications, specifically magnetic nanomaterials, as the sole or conjugated theragnostic methods. The exponential growth of nanomaterials with overlapping applications in various fields is due to their potential properties, which depend on the type of synthesis route used. Either top-down or bottom-up strategies synthesize various types of NPs. The top-down only branches out to one method, i.e., physical, and the bottom-up has two methods, chemical and biological syntheses. This review highlights some synthesis techniques, the types of nanoparticle properties each technique produces, and their potential use in the biomedical field, more specifically for cancer. Despite the evident drawbacks, the success achieved in furthering nanoparticle applications to more complex cancer stages and locations is unmatched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkanyiso L. Ndlovu
- Discipline of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Wendy B. Mdlalose
- Discipline of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bulelwa Ntsendwana
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Thomas Moyo
- Discipline of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Ho CS, Tsai YS, Chen CC, Huang CC. Supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus brevis GKEX Combined with Resistance Exercise Training Improves Muscle Mass, Strength Performance, and Body Fat Condition in Healthy Humans. Foods 2024; 13:1030. [PMID: 38611334 PMCID: PMC11011920 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to maintaining good exercise and dietary habits, recent studies have shown that probiotics may have potential benefits for muscle mass and strength. It is worth noting that the effects may vary depending on the specific strains used. To date, no studies have analyzed the effects of Lactiplantibacillus brevis in this context. Here, we combine the L. brevis strain GKEX with resistance training to further understand its effects on muscle mass, thickness, performance, and fat loss. In a six-week intervention for a double-blind randomized trial, 52 healthy subjects were divided into two groups (10 male and 16 female participants in each group): a placebo group (two capsules/day, containing 0 CFU of GKEX per capsule) and a GKEX group (two capsules/day, containing 1 × 1010 CFU of GKEX per capsule). Before the intervention, no differences were observed between the two groups in any of the tests (body composition, muscle thickness, exercise performance, and blood parameters). However, supplementation with GKEX significantly improved muscle mass and thickness, as well as grip strength, muscle strength, and explosive performance, when compared to the associated parameters before the intervention. Additionally, GKEX supplementation promoted a reduction in the body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Through analysis of the change amount, we observed that GKEX supplementation yielded significantly improved benefits when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). In summary, our findings support the notion that a six-week resistance exercise training program combined with L. brevis GKEX supplementation has superior additive effects that enhance muscle mass and strength performance, while also reducing body fat percentage. This intervention can promote muscle gain and fat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (C.-S.H.)
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (C.-S.H.)
| | - Chin-Shan Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (C.-S.H.)
| | - You-Shan Tsai
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.T.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.T.); (C.-C.C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (C.-S.H.)
- Tajen University, Pingtung 907101, Taiwan
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Pearson LT, Fox KT, Keenan A, Behm DG, Stuart S, Goodall S, Barry G. Comparison of low-dose maximal-intent versus controlled-tempo resistance training on quality-of-life, functional capacity, and strength in untrained healthy adults: a comparative effectiveness study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:72. [PMID: 38521946 PMCID: PMC10961002 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Lack of physical activity is a global issue for adults that can lead to sedentary behaviour and a higher prevalence of health complications and chronic diseases, resulting in reduced quality-of-life (QoL) and functional capacity (FC). A potential strategy to mitigate this inactivity is low-dose resistance training (RT); however, physiological, and psychological responses are limited in evidence. Twenty untrained participants aged 30-60 years old (mean ± SD age 42 ± 7 years, mass 77 ± 13 kg, stature 166 ± 8 cm; 18 females and two males) were recruited and randomly assigned to maximal velocity-intent (MI, n = 10) or controlled-tempo (CT, n = 10) RT according to CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. Participants attended one training session per week for 6 weeks, consisting of five sets of five repetitions at 60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press. The interventions differed only during the concentric phase, with MI group pushing with maximal intent, and CT group pushing in a time-controlled manner (3 s). Outcome measures assessed pre- and post-RT included body mass, body mass index (BMI), strength-to-mass ratio, bipedal balance, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 30-second sit-to-stand (30s-STS), timed up and go (TUG), and leg press 1RM. Time effects were observed for all demographics and FC-related outcomes, such as identical reductions in mass and BMI (- 2%), improvements in strength-to-mass ratio (25%) leg press 1RM (22%), 6MWT (3%), and 30s-STS (14%), as well as a 9% improvement in both TUG-clockwise and anticlockwise. Results show low-dose once-weekly RT is effective in improving QoL, FC, and strength in untrained healthy adults, regardless of modality. Positive responses from participants suggest an increased likelihood of consistent participation for low-dose once-weekly RT over more intense modalities. Retrospective ClinicalTrials.gov ID (TRN): NCT06107855, 24/10/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Pearson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Kai T Fox
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ashleigh Keenan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, CA, USA
| | - Sam Stuart
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gill Barry
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Bernstein EE, Wolfe EC, Huguenel BM, Wilhelm S. Lessons and Untapped Potential of Smartphone-Based Physical Activity Interventions for Mental Health: Narrative Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e45860. [PMID: 38488834 PMCID: PMC10981024 DOI: 10.2196/45860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has well-known and broad health benefits, including antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. However, only approximately half of Americans meet even the minimum exercise recommendations. Individuals with anxiety, depression, or related conditions are even less likely to do so. With the advent of mobile sensors and phones, experts have quickly noted the utility of technology for the enhanced measurement of and intervention for physical activity. In addition to being more accessible than in-person approaches, technology-driven interventions may uniquely engage key mechanisms of behavior change such as self-awareness. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a narrative overview and specific recommendations for future research on smartphone-based physical activity interventions for psychological disorders or concerns. METHODS In this paper, we summarized early efforts to adapt and test smartphone-based or smartphone-supported physical activity interventions for mental health. The included articles described or reported smartphone-delivered or smartphone-supported interventions intended to increase physical activity or reduce sedentary behavior and included an emotional disorder, concern, or symptom as an outcome measure. We attempted to extract details regarding the intervention designs, trial designs, study populations, outcome measures, and inclusion of adaptations specifically for mental health. In taking a narrative lens, we drew attention to the type of work that has been done and used these exemplars to discuss key directions to build on. RESULTS To date, most studies have examined mental health outcomes as secondary or exploratory variables largely in the context of managing medical concerns (eg, cancer and diabetes). Few trials have recruited psychiatric populations or explicitly aimed to target psychiatric concerns. Consequently, although there are encouraging signals that smartphone-based physical activity interventions could be feasible, acceptable, and efficacious for individuals with mental illnesses, this remains an underexplored area. CONCLUSIONS Promising avenues for tailoring validated smartphone-based interventions include adding psychoeducation (eg, the relationship between depression, physical activity, and inactivity), offering psychosocial treatment in parallel (eg, cognitive restructuring), and adding personalized coaching. To conclude, we offer specific recommendations for future research, treatment development, and implementation in this area, which remains open and promising for flexible, highly scalable support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma C Wolfe
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brynn M Huguenel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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von Ash T, Dunsiger SI, Williams DM, Larsen BA, Bohlen LC, Pekmezi D, Mendoza-Vasconez AS, Benitez TJ, Bock BC, Hartman SJ, Marquez B, Marcus BH. Pasos Hacia La Salud II: A Superiority RCT Utilizing Technology to Promote Physical Activity in Latinas. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00085-0. [PMID: 38490284 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Latinas face an increased risk for chronic diseases associated with insufficient physical activity (PA). The researchers previously showed that a website-based intervention could increase PA among insufficiently active Latinas, yet rates of meeting national PA guidelines were low. The original intervention was enhanced by adding additional features, content, and points of contact, including via text messaging. This study tests the efficacy of the enhanced intervention compared with the original, aimed at maximizing and sustaining PA gains across 24 months. It also examines if increases in PA differed by baseline PA. STUDY DESIGN The researchers conducted a superiority randomized controlled trial (data collected 2018-2022, analyzed 2023). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Participants were 195 Spanish-speaking Latinas ages 18-65 in the Providence, RI area. INTERVENTION The original intervention is an empirically supported Spanish-language, individually-tailored, website-delivered PA intervention. The enhanced intervention includes text messaging and additional data-driven content and interactive features. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured via accelerometry and self-report at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS Participants in both groups increased their MVPA over 24 months. There were no significant between-group differences at 6 or 12 months; at 18 months the enhanced intervention group had higher levels of self-reported (mean (sd): 90.35 (43.55) vs 70.18 [9.99]) and accelerometer-measured (66.21 [18.26] vs 60.27 [16.00]) MVPA compared to the original intervention group. They also had higher levels of self-reported (111.17 [23.35] vs 81.44 [1.82]) and accelerometer-measured (63.76 [15.12] vs 54.86 [14.59]) MVPA at 24 months. Baseline PA moderated the intervention effect. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential to enhance the efficacy of website-based PA interventions by utilizing text messaging, and adding more interactive features, content, and phone support. These enhancements may be particularly beneficial in supporting long-term PA maintenance. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www. CLINICALTRIAL gov (NCT03491592).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla von Ash
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Shira I Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - David M Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Britta A Larsen
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lauren Connell Bohlen
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Dori Pekmezi
- Department of Health Behavior, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andrea S Mendoza-Vasconez
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Tanya J Benitez
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Beth C Bock
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sheri J Hartman
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Becky Marquez
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bess H Marcus
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
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Liu H, Zhang M, Zhang X, Zhao X. Exposure to early-life adversity and long-term trajectories of multimorbidity among older adults in China: analysis of longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075834. [PMID: 38485180 PMCID: PMC10941172 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify long-term distinct trajectories of multimorbidity with ageing from 50 to 85 years among Chinese older adults and examine the relationship between exposure to early-life adversity (ELA; including specific types of adversity and accumulation of different adversities) and these long-term multimorbidity trajectories. DESIGN The group-based trajectory models identified long-term multimorbidity trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between ELA and the identified multimorbidity trajectories. SETTING This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2018) and the 2014 Life History Survey. PARTICIPANTS We used data from 9112 respondents (aged 60 and above) of the 2018 wave of CHARLS. OUTCOME MEASURES Each respondent's history of chronic conditions and experiences of ELA were collected from the 2011-2018 waves of CHARLS and the 2014 Life History Survey. RESULTS Four heterogeneous long-term trajectories of multimorbidity development were identified: 'maintaining-low' (19.1%), 'low onset-rapidly increasing' (23.3%), 'middle onset-moderately increasing' (41.5%) and 'chronically-high' (16.2%). Our findings indicated that the heterogeneity can be explained by ELA experiences. Across various types of different ELA experiences, exposure to food insufficiency (relative risk ratios from 1.372 (95% CI 1.190 to 1.582) to 1.780 (95% CI 1.472 to 2.152)) and parental quarrel/divorce (relative risk ratios from 1.181 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.394) to 1.262 (95% CI 1.038 to 1.536)) had the most prominent associations with health deterioration. The accumulation of more different ELA experiences was associated with a higher relative risk of developing more severe multimorbidity trajectories (relative risk ratio for five to seven ELAs and chronically high trajectory: 7.555, 95% CI 4.993 to 11.431). CONCLUSIONS There are heterogeneous long-term trajectories of multimorbidity in Chinese older adults, and the risk of multimorbidity associated with ELA accumulates over the lifespan. Our findings highlight the role of a supportive early-life family environment in promoting health development across the lifespan, advocating for the integration of life-course approaches to implementing health disparity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Bereś Ł, Pyrzanowska J, Mirowska-Guzel D, Obszański M, Pyrzanowski P. Optimization of the seat position for a personal vehicle equipped with a crankset: pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5822. [PMID: 38461198 PMCID: PMC10924923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to optimize the seat for a personal vehicle equipped with a crankset mechanism, meant for everyday use. The inclination of the seat backrest was selected on the basis of theoretical considerations. Then dynamic tests were carried out on a group of young, healthy men in order to verify the ergonomic aspects of the seat position in relation to the crankset and determine the efficiency of the human-mechanism system with a load of 50 W. The data obtained from the dynamic tests were subject to statistical analysis. Research has shown that higher seat positions result in statistically higher efficiencies. In addition, a holistic analysis of the personal vehicle design problem shows that the upper position of the seat is also the best. The results of the research can be used to optimize personal vehicles using human force as a drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bereś
- Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska str. 24, 00-665, Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury str. 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Obszański
- Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska str. 24, 00-665, Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pyrzanowski
- Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska str. 24, 00-665, Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Dąbek J, Szynal M, Łebek E, Sierka O. Selected elements of the lifestyle of Silesian seniors, taking into account their participation in the activities of the Third Age Universities. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1375238. [PMID: 38500727 PMCID: PMC10946672 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1375238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction UTA can provide older adult people with the satisfaction of needs and creates the opportunity to pursue youthful interests and passions. The aim of the study was to assess selected elements of the lifestyle of Silesian seniors, taking into account their participation in the activities of Universities of the Third Age. Methods The study involved 631 (100%) senior residents of the Silesian agglomeration. The majority of the study group were women (475; 75.28%), and the average age of the participants was 70.28 ± 6.09 years. To conduct the study, an original survey questionnaire was used, complemented by PPS-10, PAQE and Yesavage Geriatric Depression Rating Scale. Results Among the surveyed Silesian seniors who did not attend classes at the University of the Third Age, a statistically significantly higher score on the Yesavage's Geriatric Depression Rating Scale was found compared to those confirming their participation in the mentioned activity (p = 0.002). Almost 40% (107; 38.63%) of seniors who did not attend classes at the Universities of the Third Age showed a high level of stress, and every fourth (89; 25.14%) Silesian senior taking part in the above-mentioned activity had a low level of stress (p = 0.04). The median of points obtained on the physical activity assessment scale (PAQE) by seniors attending classes at Universities of the Third Age was statistically higher than seniors who denied participation in the mentioned activity (p = 0.017). Conclusion Participation in the various activities at the Universities of the Third Age influenced positively well-being, reduced stress and raised physical activity of examined seniors. It is important to promote and start actions leading to seniors' better and easier inclusion to the society life. Future research should concentrate on reasons why many seniors do not attend activities in their leisure time - especially on accessibility of various activities and financial reasons, which in the future will play crucial role in the aging societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józefa Dąbek
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szynal
- The Doctoral School of Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewelina Łebek
- The Doctoral School of Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Oskar Sierka
- The Doctoral School of Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Caporossi D, Dimauro I. Exercise-induced redox modulation as a mediator of DNA methylation in health maintenance and disease prevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:113-122. [PMID: 38242245 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The evidence for physical activity (PA) as a major public health preventive approach and a potent medical therapy has increased exponentially in the last decades. The biomolecular mechanisms supporting the associations between PA and/or structured exercise training with health maintenance and disease prevention are not completely characterized. However, increasing evidence pointed out the role of epigenetic modifications in exercise adaptation and health-enhancing PA throughout life, DNA methylation being the most intensely studied epigenetic modification induced by acute and chronic exercise. The current data on the modulation of DNA methylation determined by physically active behavior or exercise interventions points out genes related to energy regulation, mitochondrial function, and biosynthesis, as well as muscle regeneration, calcium signaling pathways, and brain plasticity, all consistent with the known exercise-induced redox signaling and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) unbalance. Thus, the main focus of this review is to discuss the role of ROS and redox-signaling on DNA methylation profile and its impact on exercise-induced health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy.
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy
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Kim SW, Hwang D, Kyun S, Jang I, Kim T, Kim J, Shin I, Lim K. Effects of public transportation use on non-exercise activity thermogenesis and health promotion: a mini-review. Phys Act Nutr 2024; 28:31-36. [PMID: 38719464 PMCID: PMC11079379 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2024.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Public transportation (PT) systems significantly shape urban mobility and have garnered attention owing to their potential impact on public health, particularly the promotion of physical activity. Beyond their transportation functions, PT systems also affect daily energy expenditure through non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). This mini-review surveys the existing literature to explore the effects of PT use on NEAT levels and subsequent health outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Keywords including "public transportation," "non-exercise activity thermogenesis," "physical activity," "health promotion," and related terms were used to identify relevant studies. RESULTS This review highlights the multifaceted relationship between PT use and health promotion, emphasizing the potential benefits and challenges of increasing NEAT through public transit utilization. Overall, the findings suggest that PT use contributes positively to NEAT levels, and thus improves health outcomes. However, the extent of this impact may vary depending on individual and contextual factors. CONCLUSION Interventions promoting active transportation modes, including public transit, hold promise for addressing sedentary behavior and fostering healthier lifestyles at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseop Shin
- Academy of Mobility Humanities, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Japanese Language Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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50
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Szarabajko A, Cardinal BJ. Are Tertiary Institutions Losing Sight of Their Duty to Cura Personalis? RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:91-100. [PMID: 36689396 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2153785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Physical education requirements (PERs) have been suggested as a potential solution for increasing physical activity (PA) among undergraduate students, specifically for the inactive who face the greatest barriers to PA. In 2010, among a nationally-representative, random sample of tertiary institutions in the U.S. only 39% had PERs as part of their general education curriculum. But, being a decade old, this data may be outdated. The aim of this study was to examine the current status of PERs in U.S. tertiary institutions and to explore what institutional characteristics are associated with having a PER. Methods: Academic catalogs of a nationally representative, random sample of 331 institutions were searched for PER information. Results: The majority of U.S. tertiary institutions did not mandate physical education (PE) courses (56.2%), whereas 31.7% fully and 12% partially required their undergraduate students to complete a PE course to graduate. The characteristics most associated with an institution having a PER included being private, having a small enrollment size, having an academic degree program related to the field, having both activity and conceptual components, being <3 credit hours, offering an elective program in physical activity education, and being located in the south. Conclusion: Future work is needed to identify important elements of PER courses, reasons why PERs are sustained by some institutions versus others, and to establish practical guidelines regarding best practices for quality PER courses. More direct action within the discipline of kinesiology is needed to underscore the importance and need of PERs at the tertiary level.
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