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Argandona Lopez C, Brown AM. Microglial- neuronal crosstalk in chronic viral infection through mTOR, SPP1/OPN and inflammasome pathway signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368465. [PMID: 38646526 PMCID: PMC11032048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-infection of microglia and macrophages (MMs) induces neuronal injury and chronic release of inflammatory stimuli through direct and indirect molecular pathways. A large percentage of people with HIV-associated neurologic and psychiatric co-morbidities have high levels of circulating inflammatory molecules. Microglia, given their susceptibility to HIV infection and long-lived nature, are reservoirs for persistent infection. MMs and neurons possess the molecular machinery to detect pathogen nucleic acids and proteins to activate innate immune signals. Full activation of inflammasome assembly and expression of IL-1β requires a priming event and a second signal. Many studies have demonstrated that HIV infection alone can activate inflammasome activity. Interestingly, secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1/OPN) expression is highly upregulated in the CNS of people infected with HIV and neurologic dysfunction. Interestingly, all evidence thus far suggests a protective function of SPP1 signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1/2) pathway function to counter HIV-neuronal injury. Moreover, HIV-infected mice knocked down for SPP1 show by neuroimaging, increased neuroinflammation compared to controls. This suggests that SPP1 uses unique regulatory mechanisms to control the level of inflammatory signaling. In this mini review, we discuss the known and yet-to-be discovered biological links between SPP1-mediated stimulation of mTOR and inflammasome activity. Additional new mechanistic insights from studies in relevant experimental models will provide a greater understanding of crosstalk between microglia and neurons in the regulation of CNS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Argandona Lopez
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amanda M. Brown
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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2
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Aiello S, Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Tissue-Resident Macrophages in Solid Organ Transplantation: Harmful or Protective? JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1051-1061. [PMID: 38498808 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Transplanted organs carry donor immune cells into the recipient, the majority of which are tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). The role they play in guiding the fate of the transplanted organ toward acceptance or rejection remains elusive. TRMs originate from both embryonic and bone marrow-derived precursors. Embryo-derived TRMs retain the embryonic capability to proliferate, so they are able to self-renew and, theoretically, persist for extended periods of time after transplantation. Bone marrow-derived TRMs do not proliferate and must constantly be replenished by adult circulating monocytes. Recent studies have aimed to clarify the different roles and interactions between donor TRMs, recipient monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MFs) after organ transplantation. This review aims to shed light on how MFs affect the fate of a transplanted organ by differentiating between the role of donor TRMs and that of MFs derived from graft infiltrating monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sistiana Aiello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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3
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Zhang J, Ren Y, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Li C, Chang H, Zhang Y. A systematic strategy for investigating the pharmacological effects and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicinal formula: Guilin Xiguashuang as a case. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:238-251. [PMID: 37694887 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicinal formula (TCMF) has specific advantages in treating diseases. However, the pharmacological effects and mechanism of TCMF composed of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) with unclear active components or targets have not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES This research proposed a strategy for elucidating the pharmacological effects and mechanism to address this issue systematically. METHODS With Guilin Xiguashuang (GLXGS) taken as a case, this study newly provided the multi-level assays, which decomposes TCMF into components, TCM, and TCMF levels. The main pharmacological effects were acquired through a comprehensive analysis based on the active components, pharmacological effects of TCM, and clinical efficacy of TCMF, respectively. The core targets and pathways were further identified and verified to elucidate the mechanism. RESULTS The main pharmacological effects of GLXGS were anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, immunoregulatory, and wound healing. Moreover, the mechanism analysis demonstrated that GLXGS was involved in the regulation of NF-κB and VEGF signaling pathways and core targets, such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Finally, unproven immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanism were verified using RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells. GLXGS was verified to down-regulate IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CD86 in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while enhancing polarization in both RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells, which were consistent with analysis results. CONCLUSION The present research provides a systematic strategy for the pharmacological effect prediction and mechanism analysis of TCMF, which is of great significance for studying complex TCMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zian Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center, Guilin, China
| | - Hua Chang
- Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center, Guilin, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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4
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Makdissi N. Macrophage Development and Function. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:1-9. [PMID: 37639112 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages were first described over a hundred years ago. Throughout the years, they were shown to be essential players in their tissue-specific environment, performing various functions during homeostatic and disease conditions. Recent reports shed more light on their ontogeny as long-lived, self-maintained cells with embryonic origin in most tissues. They populate the different tissues early during development, where they help to establish and maintain homeostasis. In this chapter, the history of macrophages is discussed. Furthermore, macrophage ontogeny and core functions in the different tissues are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Wang X, Zhou L. The multifaceted role of macrophages in homeostatic and injured skeletal muscle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274816. [PMID: 37954602 PMCID: PMC10634307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential for body physical activity, energy metabolism, and temperature maintenance. It has excellent capabilities to maintain homeostasis and to regenerate after injury, which indispensably relies on muscle stem cells, satellite cells (MuSCs). The quiescence, activation, and differentiation of MuSCs are tightly regulated in homeostatic and regenerating muscles. Among the important regulators are intramuscular macrophages, which are functionally heterogeneous with different subtypes present in a spatiotemporal manner to regulate the balance of different MuSC statuses. During chronic injury and aging, intramuscular macrophages often undergo aberrant activation, which in turn disrupts muscle homeostasis and regenerative repair. Growing evidence suggests that the aberrant activation is mainly triggered by altered muscle microenvironment. The trained immunity that affects myeloid progenitors during hematopoiesis may also contribute. Aged immune system may contribute, in part, to the aging-related sarcopenia and compromised skeletal muscle injury repair. As macrophages are actively involved in the progression of many muscle diseases, manipulating their functional activation has become a promising therapeutic approach, which requires comprehensive knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse activation. To this end, we discuss here the current knowledge of multifaceted role of macrophages in skeletal muscle homeostasis, injury, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Ricciardelli AR, Robledo A, Fish JE, Kan PT, Harris TH, Wythe JD. The Role and Therapeutic Implications of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2876. [PMID: 38001877 PMCID: PMC10669898 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are focal vascular lesions composed of abnormal vascular channels without an intervening capillary network. As a result, high-pressure arterial blood shunts directly into the venous outflow system. These high-flow, low-resistance shunts are composed of dilated, tortuous, and fragile vessels, which are prone to rupture. BAVMs are a leading cause of hemorrhagic stroke in children and young adults. Current treatments for bAVMs are limited to surgery, embolization, and radiosurgery, although even these options are not viable for ~20% of AVM patients due to excessive risk. Critically, inflammation has been suggested to contribute to lesion progression. Here we summarize the current literature discussing the role of the immune system in bAVM pathogenesis and lesion progression, as well as the potential for targeting inflammation to prevent bAVM rupture and intracranial hemorrhage. We conclude by proposing that a dysfunctional endothelium, which harbors the somatic mutations that have been shown to give rise to sporadic bAVMs, may drive disease development and progression by altering the immune status of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Ricciardelli
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ariadna Robledo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.R.)
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter T. Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.R.)
| | - Tajie H. Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Brain, Immunology, and Glia (BIG) Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Joshua D. Wythe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Brain, Immunology, and Glia (BIG) Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Long H, Lichtnekert J, Andrassy J, Schraml BU, Romagnani P, Anders HJ. Macrophages and fibrosis: how resident and infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes account for organ injury, regeneration or atrophy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194988. [PMID: 37868987 PMCID: PMC10587486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MP), i.e., monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), are essential for immune homeostasis via their capacities to clear pathogens, pathogen components, and non-infectious particles. However, tissue injury-related changes in local microenvironments activate resident and infiltrating MP towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes that contribute to inflammation by secreting additional inflammatory mediators. Efficient control of injurious factors leads to a switch of MP phenotype, which changes the microenvironment towards the resolution of inflammation. In the same way, MP endorses adaptive structural responses leading to either compensatory hypertrophy of surviving cells, tissue regeneration from local tissue progenitor cells, or tissue fibrosis and atrophy. Under certain circumstances, MP contribute to the reversal of tissue fibrosis by clearance of the extracellular matrix. Here we give an update on the tissue microenvironment-related factors that, upon tissue injury, instruct resident and infiltrating MP how to support host defense and recover tissue function and integrity. We propose that MP are not intrinsically active drivers of organ injury and dysfunction but dynamic amplifiers (and biomarkers) of specific tissue microenvironments that vary across spatial and temporal contexts. Therefore, MP receptors are frequently redundant and suboptimal targets for specific therapeutic interventions compared to molecular targets upstream in adaptive humoral or cellular stress response pathways that influence tissue milieus at a contextual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Long
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Julia Lichtnekert
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Andrassy
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara U. Schraml
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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8
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Yeung ST, Ovando LJ, Russo AJ, Rathinam VA, Khanna KM. CD169+ macrophage intrinsic IL-10 production regulates immune homeostasis during sepsis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112171. [PMID: 36867536 PMCID: PMC10123955 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages facilitate critical functions in regulating pathogen clearance and immune homeostasis in tissues. The remarkable functional diversity exhibited by macrophage subsets is dependent on tissue environment and the nature of the pathological insult. Our current knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate the multifaceted counter-inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages remains incomplete. Here, we report that CD169+ macrophage subsets are necessary for protection under excessive inflammatory conditions. We show that in the absence of these macrophages, even under mild septic conditions, mice fail to survive and exhibit increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, CD169+ macrophages control inflammatory responses via interleukin-10 (IL-10), as CD169+ macrophage-specific deletion of IL-10 was lethal during septic conditions, and recombinant IL-10 treatment reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality in mice lacking CD169+ macrophages. Collectively, our findings show a pivotal homeostatic role for CD169+ macrophages and suggest they may serve as an important target for therapy under damaging inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Luis J Ovando
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ashley J Russo
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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9
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Zhang X, Ji L, Li MO. Control of tumor-associated macrophage responses by nutrient acquisition and metabolism. Immunity 2023; 56:14-31. [PMID: 36630912 PMCID: PMC9839308 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metazoan tissue specification is associated with integration of macrophage lineage cells in sub-tissular niches to promote tissue development and homeostasis. Oncogenic transformation, most prevalently of epithelial cell lineages, results in maladaptation of resident tissue macrophage differentiation pathways to generate parenchymal and interstitial tumor-associated macrophages that largely foster cancer progression. In addition to growth factors, nutrients that can be consumed, stored, recycled, or converted to signaling molecules have emerged as crucial regulators of macrophage responses in tumor. Here, we review how nutrient acquisition through plasma membrane transporters and engulfment pathways control tumor-associated macrophage differentiation and function. We also discuss how nutrient metabolism regulates tumor-associated macrophages and how these processes may be targeted for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Liangliang Ji
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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10
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Wu M, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wen Z. Learning from Zebrafish Hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:137-157. [PMID: 38228963 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process that tightly regulates the generation, proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of hematopoietic cells. Disruptions in hematopoiesis can lead to various diseases affecting both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic systems, such as leukemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic granuloma. The zebrafish serves as a powerful vertebrate model for studying hematopoiesis, offering valuable insights into both hematopoietic regulation and hematopoietic diseases. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of zebrafish hematopoiesis, highlighting its distinctive characteristics in hematopoietic processes. We discuss the ontogeny and modulation of both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, as well as the microenvironment that supports hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Additionally, we explore the utility of zebrafish as a disease model and its potential in drug discovery, which not only advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying hematopoiesis but also facilitates the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies for hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Xu
- South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zilong Wen
- Southern University of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Li Z, Zimmerman KA, Cherakara S, Chumley PH, Collawn JF, Wang J, Haycraft CJ, Song CJ, Chacana T, Andersen RS, Croyle MJ, Aloria EJ, Hombal RP, Thomas IN, Chweih H, Simanyi KL, George JF, Parant JM, Mrug M, Yoder BK. A kidney resident macrophage subset is a candidate biomarker for renal cystic disease in preclinical models. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049810. [PMID: 36457161 PMCID: PMC9884121 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although renal macrophages have been shown to contribute to cyst development in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) animal models, it remains unclear whether there is a specific macrophage subpopulation involved. Here, we analyzed changes in macrophage populations during renal maturation in association with cystogenesis rates in conditional Pkd2 mutant mice. We observed that CD206+ resident macrophages were minimal in a normal adult kidney but accumulated in cystic areas in adult-induced Pkd2 mutants. Using Cx3cr1 null mice, we reduced macrophage number, including CD206+ macrophages, and showed that this significantly reduced cyst severity in adult-induced Pkd2 mutant kidneys. We also found that the number of CD206+ resident macrophage-like cells increased in kidneys and in the urine from autosomal-dominant PKD (ADPKD) patients relative to the rate of renal functional decline. These data indicate a direct correlation between CD206+ resident macrophages and cyst formation, and reveal that the CD206+ resident macrophages in urine could serve as a biomarker for renal cystic disease activity in preclinical models and ADPKD patients. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kurt A. Zimmerman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 732104, USA
| | - Sreelakshmi Cherakara
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Phillip H. Chumley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Courtney J. Haycraft
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cheng J. Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Teresa Chacana
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Reagan S. Andersen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mandy J. Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ernald J. Aloria
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Raksha P. Hombal
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Isis N. Thomas
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hanan Chweih
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kristin L. Simanyi
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - James F. George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John M. Parant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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12
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Boucher T, Liang S, Brown AM. Advancing basic and translational research to deepen understanding of the molecular immune-mediated mechanisms regulating long-term persistence of HIV-1 in microglia in the adult human brain. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1223-1231. [PMID: 35612272 PMCID: PMC9613482 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0422-620r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the diversity microglia (MG) type and function in the rodent and human brain has advanced significantly in the last few years. Nevertheless, we have known for 40 years that MG, monocytes, and macrophages in the brain play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of the HIV-1 in all tissues. HIV enters and spreads in the brain early, long before the initiation of antiviral therapy. As a result, many people with HIV continue to experience neurologic and neuropsychiatric comorbid conditions collectively known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HIV pathogenic sequelae in the CNS pose a challenge for cure strategies. Detailed understanding at a mechanistic level of how low-level and latent HIV-1 infection in MG negatively impacts neuroglial function has remained somewhat elusive. Direct rigorous in vivo experimental validation that the virus can integrate into MG and assume a latent but reactivatable state has remained constrained. However, there is much excitement that human in vitro models for MG can now help close the gap. This review will provide a brief background to place the role of MG in the ongoing neurologic complications of HIV infection of the CNS, then focus on the use and refinement of human postmitotic monocyte-derived MG-like cells and how they are being applied to advance research on HIV persistence and proinflammatory signaling in the CNS. Critically, an understanding of myeloid plasticity and heterogeneity and rigorous attention to all aspects of cell handling is essential for reproducibility. Summary Sentence: This review focuses on human postmitotic monocyte-derived microglia-like cells as tools to advance research on HIV persistence and neuroinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boucher
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Shijun Liang
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Amanda M. Brown
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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13
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Malange KF, Navia-Pelaez JM, Dias EV, Lemes JBP, Choi SH, Dos Santos GG, Yaksh TL, Corr M. Macrophages and glial cells: Innate immune drivers of inflammatory arthritic pain perception from peripheral joints to the central nervous system. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:1018800. [PMID: 36387416 PMCID: PMC9644179 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1018800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from arthritis worldwide, consistently struggling with daily activities due to debilitating pain evoked by this disease. Perhaps the most intensively investigated type of inflammatory arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where, despite considerable advances in research and clinical management, gaps regarding the neuroimmune interactions that guide inflammation and chronic pain in this disease remain to be clarified. The pain and inflammation associated with arthritis are not isolated to the joints, and inflammatory mechanisms induced by different immune and glial cells in other tissues may affect the development of chronic pain that results from the disease. This review aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art research on the roles that innate immune, and glial cells play in the onset and maintenance of arthritis-associated pain, reviewing nociceptive pathways from the joint through the dorsal root ganglion, spinal circuits, and different structures in the brain. We will focus on the cellular mechanisms related to neuroinflammation and pain, and treatments targeting these mechanisms from the periphery and the CNS. A comprehensive understanding of the role these cells play in peripheral inflammation and initiation of pain and the central pathways in the spinal cord and brain will facilitate identifying new targets and pathways to aide in developing therapeutic strategies to treat joint pain associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaue Franco Malange
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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14
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Lou Demy D, Touret AL, Lancino M, Tauzin M, Capuana L, Pierre C, Herbomel P. Trim33 conditions the lifespan of primitive macrophages and onset of definitive macrophage production. Development 2022; 149:276505. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Trim33 (Tif1γ) is a transcriptional regulator that is notably involved in several aspects of hematopoiesis. It is essential for the production of erythrocytes in zebrafish, and for the proper functioning and aging of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in mice. Here, we have found that, in zebrafish development, Trim33 is essential cell-autonomously for the lifespan of the yolk sac-derived primitive macrophages, as well as for the initial production of definitive (HSPC-derived) macrophages in the first niche of definitive hematopoiesis, the caudal hematopoietic tissue. Moreover, Trim33 deficiency leads to an excess production of definitive neutrophils and thrombocytes. Our data indicate that Trim33 radically conditions the differentiation output of aorta-derived HSPCs in all four erythro-myeloid cell types, in a niche-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Lou Demy
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Anne-Lou Touret
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Mylène Lancino
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Muriel Tauzin
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Lavinia Capuana
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Constance Pierre
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Philippe Herbomel
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
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15
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Wieghofer P, Engelbert M, Chui TYP, Rosen RB, Sakamoto T, Sebag J. Hyalocyte origin, structure, and imaging. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 17:233-248. [PMID: 36632192 PMCID: PMC9831111 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Hyalocytes have been recognized as resident tissue macrophages of the vitreous body since the mid-19th century. Despite this, knowledge about their origin, turnover, and dynamics is limited. Areas covered Historically, initial studies on the origin of hyalocytes used light and electron microscopy. Modern investigations across species including rodents and humans will be described. Novel imaging is now available to study human hyalocytes in vivo. The shared ontogeny with retinal microglia and their eventual interdependence as well as differences will be discussed. Expert opinion Owing to a common origin as myeloid cells, hyalocytes and retinal microglia have similarities, but hyalocytes appear to be distinct as resident macrophages of the vitreous body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wieghofer
- Cellular Neuroanatomy, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Engelbert
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY 10022, USA
- LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Toco YP Chui
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Richard B Rosen
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - J Sebag
- Doheny Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Clinical Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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16
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Doughty D, Rajpurohit SK, Trang A, Alptekin A, Korkaya AK, Achyut BR, Arbab AS, Bradford JW. Development of a novel purification protocol to isolate and identify brain microglia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1433-1446. [PMID: 35666093 PMCID: PMC9493764 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221096060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS), play a paramount role in brain health and disease status. Here, we describe a novel method for enriching and isolating primary microglia from mouse brain tissue. This isolation method yields a high number of cells from either young or adult mice, and importantly, maintains the health and function of the cells for subsequent cell culture. We also describe flow cytometry methods using novel cell surface markers, including CX3CR1 and Siglec-H, to specifically label microglia while avoiding other bone marrow and/or non-CNS derived macrophages and monocytes, which has been historically difficult to achieve. As microglia are crucial in multiple aspects of biology, such as in normal brain development/function, immune response, neurodegeneration, and cancer, this isolation technique could greatly benefit a wide range of studies in human CNS biology, health, and disease mechanisms. Being able to isolate a largely pure population of microglia could also allow for a more comprehensive understanding of their functional dynamics and role in disease mechanisms, advancement of potential biomarkers, and development of novel therapeutic targets to improve prognosis and quality of life in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Doughty
- Department of Biological Sciences,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA,D. D. is Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Amy Trang
- Department of Biological Sciences,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmet Alptekin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta
University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmet K Korkaya
- Department of Biological Sciences,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bhagelu R Achyut
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta
University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jennifer W Bradford
- Department of Biological Sciences,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA,Jennifer W Bradford.
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17
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Wang X, Zhou L. The Many Roles of Macrophages in Skeletal Muscle Injury and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952249. [PMID: 35898401 PMCID: PMC9309511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential to physical activity and energy metabolism. Maintaining intact functions of skeletal muscle is crucial to health and wellbeing. Evolutionarily, skeletal muscle has developed a remarkable capacity to maintain homeostasis and to regenerate after injury, which indispensably relies on the resident muscle stem cells, satellite cells. Satellite cells are largely quiescent in the homeostatic steady state. They are activated in response to muscle injury. Activated satellite cells proliferate and differentiate into myoblasts. Myoblasts fuse to form myotubes which further grow and differentiate into mature myofibers. This process is tightly regulated by muscle microenvironment that consists of multiple cellular and molecular components, including macrophages. Present in both homeostatic and injured muscles, macrophages contain heterogeneous functional subtypes that play diverse roles in maintaining homeostasis and promoting injury repair. The spatial-temporal presence of different functional subtypes of macrophages and their interactions with myogenic cells are vital to the proper regeneration of skeletal muscle after injury. However, this well-coordinated process is often disrupted in a chronic muscle disease, such as muscular dystrophy, leading to asynchronous activation and differentiation of satellite cells and aberrant muscle regeneration. Understanding the precise cellular and molecular processes regulating interactions between macrophages and myogenic cells is critical to the development of therapeutic manipulation of macrophages to promote injury repair. Here, we review the current knowledge of the many roles played by macrophages in the regulation of myogenic cells in homeostatic, regenerating, and dystrophic skeletal muscles.
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18
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Li Y, Jin F, Li T, Yang X, Cai W, Li S, Gao X, Mao N, Liu H, Xu H, Yang F. Minute Cellular Nodules as Early Lesions in Rats with Silica Exposure via Inhalation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060251. [PMID: 35737303 PMCID: PMC9227695 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of silicosis have yet to be clarified, and pathological conditions are inaccurately described in some experimental studies on silicosis. This study was aimed at describing initial lesions in silicosis, as observed in rats with silica exposure via inhalation, and major histopathologic alterations. Male Wistar rats were exposed to silica for 24 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated the presence of “cellular nodule+ macrophage alveolitis” in rats exposed to silica from the 2–16 weeks time points and “fibrotic cellular + cellular nodule” in rats exposed to silica via inhalation for 24 weeks. By immunohistochemistry, the following were noted: a continual increase in the positive expression of CD68 in macrophages in the lungs of rats exposed to silica; hyperplasia in alveolar type II cells (AT2); loss of original phenotypes in fibrotic cellular nodules, macrophages, and AT2 cells; loss of endothelial cells in silicotic nodules; and positive expression of α-smooth muscle actin in macrophages. Typical pathological changes in silicosis were also summarized. Among these changes were macrophage alveolitis, cellular nodules, and fibrotic cellular nodules, including an increase in minute cellular nodules in the early stages and the formation of fibrotic cellular nodules in the late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Xu
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (F.Y.); Tel.: +86-151-33967479 (H.X.); +86-188-32571018 (F.Y.)
| | - Fang Yang
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (F.Y.); Tel.: +86-151-33967479 (H.X.); +86-188-32571018 (F.Y.)
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19
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Macrophage NOX2 NADPH oxidase maintains alveolar homeostasis in mice. Blood 2022; 139:2855-2870. [PMID: 35357446 PMCID: PMC9101249 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) plays a key role in pathogen killing and immunoregulation. Genetic defects in NOX2 result in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), associated with microbial infections and inflammatory disorders, often involving the lung. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the predominant immune cell in the airways at steady state, and limiting their activation is important, given the constant exposure to inhaled materials, yet the importance of NOX2 in this process is not well understood. In this study, we showed a previously undescribed role for NOX2 in maintaining lung homeostasis by suppressing AM activation, in CGD mice or mice with selective loss of NOX2 preferentially in macrophages. AMs lacking NOX2 had increased cytokine responses to Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and TLR4 stimulation ex vivo. Moreover, between 4 and 12 week of age, mice with global NOX2 deletion developed an activated CD11bhigh subset of AMs with epigenetic and transcriptional profiles reflecting immune activation compared with WT AMs. The presence of CD11bhigh AMs in CGD mice correlated with an increased number of alveolar neutrophils and proinflammatory cytokines at steady state and increased lung inflammation after insults. Moreover, deletion of NOX2 preferentially in macrophages was sufficient for mice to develop an activated CD11bhigh AM subset and accompanying proinflammatory sequelae. In addition, we showed that the altered resident macrophage transcriptional profile in the absence of NOX2 is tissue specific, as those changes were not seen in resident peritoneal macrophages. Thus, these data demonstrate that the absence of NOX2 in alveolar macrophages leads to their proinflammatory remodeling and dysregulates alveolar homeostasis.
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20
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Akhmanova M, Emtenani S, Krueger D, Gyoergy A, Guarda M, Vlasov M, Vlasov F, Akopian A, Ratheesh A, De Renzis S, Siekhaus DE. Cell division in tissues enables macrophage infiltration. Science 2022; 376:394-396. [PMID: 35446632 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells migrate through crowded microenvironments within tissues during normal development, immune response, and cancer metastasis. Although migration through pores and tracks in the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been well studied, little is known about cellular traversal into confining cell-dense tissues. We find that embryonic tissue invasion by Drosophila macrophages requires division of an epithelial ectodermal cell at the site of entry. Dividing ectodermal cells disassemble ECM attachment formed by integrin-mediated focal adhesions next to mesodermal cells, allowing macrophages to move their nuclei ahead and invade between two immediately adjacent tissues. Invasion efficiency depends on division frequency, but reduction of adhesion strength allows macrophage entry independently of division. This work demonstrates that tissue dynamics can regulate cellular infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Akhmanova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Krueger
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mariana Guarda
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Fedor Vlasov
- Bundesgymnasium Klosterneuburg, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Aparna Ratheesh
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stefano De Renzis
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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21
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Akhmanova M, Emtenani S, Krueger D, Gyoergy A, Guarda M, Vlasov M, Vlasov F, Akopian A, Ratheesh A, De Renzis S, Siekhaus DE. Cell division in tissues enables macrophage infiltration. Science 2022; 376:394-396. [PMID: 35446632 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.19.438995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells migrate through crowded microenvironments within tissues during normal development, immune response, and cancer metastasis. Although migration through pores and tracks in the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been well studied, little is known about cellular traversal into confining cell-dense tissues. We find that embryonic tissue invasion by Drosophila macrophages requires division of an epithelial ectodermal cell at the site of entry. Dividing ectodermal cells disassemble ECM attachment formed by integrin-mediated focal adhesions next to mesodermal cells, allowing macrophages to move their nuclei ahead and invade between two immediately adjacent tissues. Invasion efficiency depends on division frequency, but reduction of adhesion strength allows macrophage entry independently of division. This work demonstrates that tissue dynamics can regulate cellular infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Akhmanova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Krueger
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mariana Guarda
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Fedor Vlasov
- Bundesgymnasium Klosterneuburg, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Aparna Ratheesh
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stefano De Renzis
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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22
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Van Deren DA, De S, Xu B, Eschenbacher KM, Zhang S, Capecchi MR. Defining the Hoxb8 cell lineage during murine definitive hematopoiesis. Development 2022; 149:dev200200. [PMID: 35452096 PMCID: PMC9124572 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that a subpopulation of microglia, known as Hoxb8 microglia, is derived from the Hoxb8 lineage during the second wave (E8.5) of yolk sac hematopoiesis, whereas canonical non-Hoxb8 microglia arise from the first wave (E7.5). Hoxb8 microglia have an ontogeny distinct from non-Hoxb8 microglia. Dysfunctional Hoxb8 microglia cause the acquisition of chronic anxiety and an obsessive-compulsive spectrum-like behavior, trichotillomania, in mice. The nature and fate of the progenitors generated during E8.5 yolk sac hematopoiesis have been controversial. Herein, we use the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter to define the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells arising during the definitive waves of hematopoiesis initiated in the E8.5 yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Our murine cell lineage analysis shows that the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter robustly marks erythromyeloid progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, particularly monocytes. Hoxb8 progenitors and microglia require Myb function, a hallmark transcription factor for definitive hematopoiesis, for propagation and maturation. During adulthood, all immune lineages and, interestingly, resident macrophages in only hematopoietic/lymphoid tissues are derived from Hoxb8 precursors. These results illustrate that the Hoxb8 lineage exclusively mirrors murine definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donn A. Van Deren
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shrutokirti De
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ben Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kayla M. Eschenbacher
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mario R. Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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23
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Emtenani S, Martin ET, Gyoergy A, Bicher J, Genger JW, Köcher T, Akhmanova M, Guarda M, Roblek M, Bergthaler A, Hurd TR, Rangan P, Siekhaus DE. Macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics and tissue invasion are boosted by an Atossa-Porthos axis in Drosophila. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109049. [PMID: 35319107 PMCID: PMC9194793 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism must adapt to changing demands to enable homeostasis. During immune responses or cancer metastasis, cells leading migration into challenging environments require an energy boost, but what controls this capacity is unclear. Here, we study a previously uncharacterized nuclear protein, Atossa (encoded by CG9005), which supports macrophage invasion into the germband of Drosophila by controlling cellular metabolism. First, nuclear Atossa increases mRNA levels of Porthos, a DEAD‐box protein, and of two metabolic enzymes, lysine‐α‐ketoglutarate reductase (LKR/SDH) and NADPH glyoxylate reductase (GR/HPR), thus enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Then Porthos supports ribosome assembly and thereby raises the translational efficiency of a subset of mRNAs, including those affecting mitochondrial functions, the electron transport chain, and metabolism. Mitochondrial respiration measurements, metabolomics, and live imaging indicate that Atossa and Porthos power up OxPhos and energy production to promote the forging of a path into tissues by leading macrophages. Since many crucial physiological responses require increases in mitochondrial energy output, this previously undescribed genetic program may modulate a wide range of cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Elliot T Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Bicher
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maria Akhmanova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mariana Guarda
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Hurd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prashanth Rangan
- Department of Biological Sciences, RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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24
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Geller AE, Shrestha R, Woeste MR, Guo H, Hu X, Ding C, Andreeva K, Chariker JH, Zhou M, Tieri D, Watson CT, Mitchell RA, Zhang HG, Li Y, Martin Ii RCG, Rouchka EC, Yan J. The induction of peripheral trained immunity in the pancreas incites anti-tumor activity to control pancreatic cancer progression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:759. [PMID: 35140221 PMCID: PMC8828725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable success of immunotherapy in many types of cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has yet to benefit. Innate immune cells are critical to anti-tumor immunosurveillance and recent studies have revealed that these populations possess a form of memory, termed trained innate immunity, which occurs through transcriptomic, epigenetic, and metabolic reprograming. Here we demonstrate that yeast-derived particulate β-glucan, an inducer of trained immunity, traffics to the pancreas, which causes a CCR2-dependent influx of monocytes/macrophages to the pancreas that display features of trained immunity. These cells can be activated upon exposure to tumor cells and tumor-derived factors, and show enhanced cytotoxicity against pancreatic tumor cells. In orthotopic models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, β-glucan treated mice show significantly reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival, which is further enhanced when combined with immunotherapy. These findings characterize the dynamic mechanisms and localization of peripheral trained immunity and identify an application of trained immunity to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rejeena Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew R Woeste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Haixun Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kalina Andreeva
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Julia H Chariker
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mingqian Zhou
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David Tieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robert C G Martin Ii
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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25
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Zhou Q, Liang J, Yang T, Liu J, Li B, Li Y, Fan Z, Wang W, Chen W, Yuan S, Xu M, Xu Q, Luan Z, Xia Z, Zhou P, Huang Y, Chen L. Carfilzomib modulates tumor microenvironment to potentiate immune checkpoint therapy for cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14502. [PMID: 34898004 PMCID: PMC8749493 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Impressive clinical benefit is seen in clinic with PD-1 inhibitors on portion of cancer patients. Yet, there remains an urgent need to develop effective synergizers to expand their clinical application. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), a type of M2-polarized macrophage, eliminates or suppresses T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. Transforming TAMs into M1 macrophages is an attractive strategy of anti-tumor therapy. Here, we conducted a high-throughput screening and found that Carfilzomib potently drove M2 macrophages to express M1 cytokines, phagocytose tumor cells, and present antigens to T cells. Mechanistically, Carfilzomib elicited unfolded protein response (UPR), activated IRE1α to recruit TRAF2, and activated NF-κB to transcribe genes encoding M1 markers in M2 macrophages. In vivo, Carfilzomib effectively rewired tumor microenvironment through reprogramming TAMs into M1-like macrophages and shrank autochthonous lung cancers in transgenic mouse model. More importantly, Carfilzomib synergized with PD-1 antibody to almost completely regress autochthonous lung cancers. Given the safety profiles of Carfilzomib in clinic, our work suggested a potentially immediate application of combinational treatment with Carfilzomib and PD-1 inhibitors for patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinxia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineCollege of Chinese Medicine ResearchGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingchang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Sujing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qigui Xu
- Translational medicine laboratoryPeople’s Hospital of Yangjiang CityGuangdongChina
| | - Zhidong Luan
- Translational medicine laboratoryPeople’s Hospital of Yangjiang CityGuangdongChina
| | - Zhongjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yadong Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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26
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Martin KE, García AJ. Macrophage phenotypes in tissue repair and the foreign body response: Implications for biomaterial-based regenerative medicine strategies. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:4-16. [PMID: 33775905 PMCID: PMC8464623 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a highly heterogeneous and plastic population of cells that are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration. This has made macrophages a particularly attractive target for biomaterial-directed regenerative medicine strategies. However, macrophages also contribute to adverse inflammatory and fibrotic responses to implanted biomaterials, typically related to the foreign body response (FBR). The traditional model in the field asserts that the M2 macrophage phenotype is pro-regenerative and associated with positive wound healing outcomes, whereas the M1 phenotype is pro-inflammatory and associated with pathogenesis. However, recent studies indicate that both M1 and M2 macrophages play different, but equally vital, roles in promoting tissue repair. Furthermore, recent technological developments such as single-cell RNA sequencing have allowed for unprecedented insights into the heterogeneity within the myeloid compartment, related to activation state, niche, and ontogenetic origin. A better understanding of the phenotypic and functional characteristics of macrophages critical to tissue repair and FBR processes will allow for rational design of biomaterials to promote biomaterial-tissue integration and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of temporal and ontogenetic macrophage heterogeneity on tissue repair processes and the FBR and the potential implications for biomaterial-directed regenerative medicine applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review outlines the contributions of different macrophage phenotypes to different phases of wound healing and angiogenesis. Pathological outcomes, such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and the foreign body response, related to disruption of the macrophage inflammation-resolution process are also discussed. We summarize recent insights into the vast heterogeneity of myeloid cells related to their niche, especially the biomaterial microenvironment, and ontogenetic origin. Additionally, we present a discussion on novel tools that allow for resolution of cellular heterogeneity at the single-cell level and how these can be used to build a better understanding of macrophage heterogeneity in the biomaterial immune microenvironment to better inform immunomodulatory biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Martin
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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27
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Ross EA, Devitt A, Johnson JR. Macrophages: The Good, the Bad, and the Gluttony. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708186. [PMID: 34456917 PMCID: PMC8397413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the plasticity of macrophages and how these cells contribute to the development of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, with a particular focus on allergic and autoimmune disorders. The critical roles of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation will then be examined, emphasizing the ability of macrophages to clear apoptotic immune cells. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune-driven spectrum of diseases where persistent inflammation results in synovial hyperplasia and excessive immune cell accumulation, leading to remodeling and reduced function in affected joints. Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of RA, driving episodic cycles of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. RA patients have increased numbers of active M1 polarized pro-inflammatory macrophages and few or inactive M2 type cells. This imbalance in macrophage homeostasis is a main contributor to pro-inflammatory mediators in RA, resulting in continual activation of immune and stromal populations and accelerated tissue remodeling. Modulation of macrophage phenotype and function remains a key therapeutic goal for the treatment of this disease. Intriguingly, therapeutic intervention with glucocorticoids or other DMARDs promotes the re-polarization of M1 macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype; this reprogramming is dependent on metabolic changes to promote phenotypic switching. Allergic asthma is associated with Th2-polarised airway inflammation, structural remodeling of the large airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Macrophage polarization has a profound impact on asthma pathogenesis, as the response to allergen exposure is regulated by an intricate interplay between local immune factors including cytokines, chemokines and danger signals from neighboring cells. In the Th2-polarized environment characteristic of allergic asthma, high levels of IL-4 produced by locally infiltrating innate lymphoid cells and helper T cells promote the acquisition of an alternatively activated M2a phenotype in macrophages, with myriad effects on the local immune response and airway structure. Targeting regulators of macrophage plasticity is currently being pursued in the treatment of allergic asthma and other allergic diseases. Macrophages promote the re-balancing of pro-inflammatory responses towards pro-resolution responses and are thus central to the success of an inflammatory response. It has long been established that apoptosis supports monocyte and macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation, facilitating subsequent corpse clearance. This drives resolution responses and mediates a phenotypic switch in the polarity of macrophages. However, the role of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ACdEV) in the recruitment and control of macrophage phenotype has received remarkably little attention. ACdEV are powerful mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a wealth of lipid and protein mediators that may modulate macrophage phenotype, including a cargo of active immune-modulating enzymes. The impact of such interactions may result in repair or disease in different contexts. In this review, we will discuss the origin, characterization, and activity of macrophages in sterile inflammatory diseases and the underlying mechanisms of macrophage polarization via ACdEV and apoptotic cell clearance, in order to provide new insights into therapeutic strategies that could exploit the capabilities of these agile and responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A Ross
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jill R Johnson
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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28
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Bohaud C, Johansen MD, Jorgensen C, Kremer L, Ipseiz N, Djouad F. The Role of Macrophages During Mammalian Tissue Remodeling and Regeneration Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707856. [PMID: 34335621 PMCID: PMC8317995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several infectious pathologies in humans, such as tuberculosis or SARS-CoV-2, are responsible for tissue or lung damage, requiring regeneration. The regenerative capacity of adult mammals is limited to few organs. Critical injuries of non-regenerative organs trigger a repair process that leads to a definitive architectural and functional disruption, while superficial wounds result in scar formation. Tissue lesions in mammals, commonly studied under non-infectious conditions, trigger cell death at the site of the injury, as well as the production of danger signals favouring the massive recruitment of immune cells, particularly macrophages. Macrophages are also of paramount importance in infected injuries, characterized by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, where they must respond to both infection and tissue damage. In this review, we compare the processes implicated in the tissue repair of non-infected versus infected injuries of two organs, the skeletal muscles and the lungs, focusing on the primary role of macrophages. We discuss also the negative impact of infection on the macrophage responses and the possible routes of investigation for new regenerative therapies to improve the recovery state as seen with COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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29
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Lavy M, Gauttier V, Poirier N, Barillé-Nion S, Blanquart C. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Mitigate Cancer-Related Inflammation: Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702785. [PMID: 34276698 PMCID: PMC8278519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental physiological response orchestrated by innate immune cells to restore tissue homeostasis. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are involved in active resolution of inflammation but when inflammation is incomplete, chronic inflammation creates a favorable environment that fuels carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Conventional cancer therapy also strengthens cancer-related inflammation by inducing massive tumor cell death that activate surrounding immune-infiltrating cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Macrophages are key actors of both inflammation and its active resolution due to their plastic phenotype. In line with this high plasticity, macrophages can be hijacked by cancer cells to support tumor progression and immune escape, or therapy resistance. Impaired resolution of cancer-associated inflammation supported by TAMs may thus reinforces tumor progression. From this perspective, recent evidence suggests that stimulating macrophage's pro-resolving functions using SPMs can promote inflammation resolution in cancer and improve anticancer treatments. Thus, TAMs' re-education toward an antitumor phenotype by using SPMs opens a new line of attack in cancer treatment. Here, we review SPMs' anticancer capacities with special attention regarding their effects on TAMs. We further discuss how this new therapeutic approach could be envisioned in cancer therapy.
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30
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Bu J, Huang S, Wang J, Xia T, Liu H, You Y, Wang Z, Liu K. The GABA A Receptor Influences Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure by Modulating Macrophages in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670153. [PMID: 34135897 PMCID: PMC8201502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial macrophages have key roles in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. The gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype A (GABAA) receptor was recently found to be distributed in macrophages, allowing regulation of inflammatory responses to various diseases. This study aimed to clarify the role of GABAA receptor-mediated macrophage responses in pressure overload-induced heart failure. Methods and Results C57BL/6J mice underwent transverse aortic constriction for pressure-overload hypertrophy (POH) and were intraperitoneally treated with a specific GABAA receptor agonist (topiramate) or antagonist (bicuculline). Echocardiography, histology, and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the causes and effects of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Activation of the GABAA receptor by topiramate reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening, enlarged the end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular internal diameter, aggravated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and accelerated heart failure in response to pressure overload. Mechanistically, topiramate increased the number of Ly6Clow macrophages in the heart during POH and circulating Ly6Chigh classic monocyte infiltration in late-phase POH. Further, topiramate drove Ly6Clow macrophages toward MHCIIhigh macrophage polarization. As a result, Ly6Clow macrophages activated the amphiregulin-induced AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and Ly6ClowMHCIIhigh macrophage polarization increased expression levels of osteopontin and TGF-β, which led to myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Conversely, GABAA receptor blockage with bicuculline reversed these effects. Conclusions Control of the GABAA receptor activity in monocytes/macrophages plays an important role in myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis after POH. Blockade of the GABAA receptor has the potential to improve pressure overload-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyuan Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya You
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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31
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Traba J, Sack MN, Waldmann TA, Anton OM. Immunometabolism at the Nexus of Cancer Therapeutic Efficacy and Resistance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657293. [PMID: 34079545 PMCID: PMC8166297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activity of the immune surveillance system detects and kills cancerous cells, although many cancers have developed strategies to avoid detection and to resist their destruction. Cancer immunotherapy entails the manipulation of components of the endogenous immune system as targeted approaches to control and destroy cancer cells. Since one of the major limitations for the antitumor activity of immune cells is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), boosting the immune system to overcome the inhibition provided by the TME is a critical component of oncotherapeutics. In this article, we discuss the main effects of the TME on the metabolism and function of immune cells, and review emerging strategies to potentiate immune cell metabolism to promote antitumor effects either as monotherapeutics or in combination with conventional chemotherapy to optimize cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael N. Sack
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Olga M. Anton
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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32
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Zhang H, Li Z, Li W. M2 Macrophages Serve as Critical Executor of Innate Immunity in Chronic Allograft Rejection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648539. [PMID: 33815407 PMCID: PMC8010191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft functional failure due to acute or chronic rejection has long been a major concern in the area of solid organ transplantation for decades. As critical component of innate immune system, the macrophages are unlikely to be exclusive for driving acute or chronic sterile inflammation against allografts. Traditionally, macrophages are classified into two types, M1 and M2 like macrophages, based on their functions. M1 macrophages are involved in acute rejection for triggering sterile inflammation thus lead to tissue damage and poor allograft survival, while M2 macrophages represent contradictory features, playing pivotal roles in both anti-inflammation and development of graft fibrosis and resulting in chronic rejection. Macrophages also contribute to allograft vasculopathy, but the phenotypes remain to be identified. Moreover, increasing evidences are challenging traditional identification and classification of macrophage in various diseases. Better understanding the role of macrophage in chronic rejection is fundamental to developing innovative strategies for preventing late graft loss. In this review, we will update the recent progress in our understanding of diversity of macrophage-dominated innate immune response, and reveal the roles of M2 macrophages in chronic allograft rejection as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuonan Li
- Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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33
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Ivan DC, Walthert S, Berve K, Steudler J, Locatelli G. Dwellers and Trespassers: Mononuclear Phagocytes at the Borders of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609921. [PMID: 33746939 PMCID: PMC7973121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma is enclosed and protected by a multilayered system of cellular and acellular barriers, functionally separating glia and neurons from peripheral circulation and blood-borne immune cells. Populating these borders as dynamic observers, CNS-resident macrophages contribute to organ homeostasis. Upon autoimmune, traumatic or neurodegenerative inflammation, these phagocytes start playing additional roles as immune regulators contributing to disease evolution. At the same time, pathological CNS conditions drive the migration and recruitment of blood-borne monocyte-derived cells across distinct local gateways. This invasion process drastically increases border complexity and can lead to parenchymal infiltration of blood-borne phagocytes playing a direct role both in damage and in tissue repair. While recent studies and technical advancements have highlighted the extreme heterogeneity of these resident and CNS-invading cells, both the compartment-specific mechanism of invasion and the functional specification of intruding and resident cells remain unclear. This review illustrates the complexity of mononuclear phagocytes at CNS interfaces, indicating how further studies of CNS border dynamics are crucially needed to shed light on local and systemic regulation of CNS functions and dysfunctions.
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34
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Boutet MA, Courties G, Nerviani A, Le Goff B, Apparailly F, Pitzalis C, Blanchard F. Novel insights into macrophage diversity in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102758. [PMID: 33476818 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting joints and causing progressive damage and disability. Macrophages are of critical importance in the initiation and perpetuation of synovitis in RA, they can function as antigen presenting cells leading to T-cell dependent B-cell activation, assume a variety of inflammatory cell states with the production of destructive cytokines, but also contribute to tissue homeostasis/repair. The recent development of high-throughput technologies, including bulk and single cells RNA-sequencing, has broadened our understanding of synovial cell diversity, and opened novel perspectives to the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets in RA. In this review, we will focus on the relationship between the synovial macrophage infiltration and clinical disease severity and response to treatment. We will then provide a state-of-the-art picture of the biological roles of synovial macrophages and distinct macrophage subsets described in RA. Finally, we will review the effects of approved conventional and biologic drugs on the synovial macrophage component and highlight the therapeutic potential of future strategies to re-program macrophage phenotypes in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Astrid Boutet
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Gabriel Courties
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Alessandra Nerviani
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Benoit Le Goff
- INSERM UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
| | | | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- INSERM UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Nantes University, Nantes, France.
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35
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Cyrino LAR, Delwing-de Lima D, Ullmann OM, Maia TP. Concepts of Neuroinflammation and Their Relationship With Impaired Mitochondrial Functions in Bipolar Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:609487. [PMID: 33732117 PMCID: PMC7959852 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.609487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disease, characterized by frequent behavioral episodes of depression and mania, and neurologically by dysregulated neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, growth factor signaling, and metabolism, as well as oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis, contributing to chronic neuroinflammation. These abnormalities result from complex interactions between multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors such as stress. The neurocellular abnormalities of BD can result in gross morphological changes, such as reduced prefrontal and hippocampal volume, and circuit reorganization resulting in cognitive and emotional deficits. The term "neuroprogression" is used to denote the progressive changes from early to late stages, as BD severity and loss of treatment response correlate with the number of past episodes. In addition to circuit and cellular abnormalities, BD is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria, leading to severe metabolic disruption in high energy-demanding neurons and glia. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction involving electron transport chain (ETC) disruption is considered the primary cause of chronic oxidative stress in BD. The ensuing damage to membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA further perpetuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, creating a perpetuating pathogenic cycle. A deeper understanding of BD pathophysiology and identification of associated biomarkers of neuroinflammation are needed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Arthur Rangel Cyrino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Práticas Farmacêuticas of Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, University of Joinville—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Daniela Delwing-de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Práticas Farmacêuticas of Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University of Joinville—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
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Bart VMT, Pickering RJ, Taylor PR, Ipseiz N. Macrophage reprogramming for therapy. Immunology 2021; 163:128-144. [PMID: 33368269 PMCID: PMC8114216 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the immune system underlies a plethora of human diseases, requiring the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic intervention. To date, most strategies employed have been focusing on the modification of T lymphocytes, and although remarkable improvement has been obtained, results often fall short of the intended outcome. Recent cutting-edge technologies have highlighted macrophages as potential targets for disease control. Macrophages play central roles in development, homeostasis and host defence, and their dysfunction and dysregulation have been implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of multiple disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolic diseases. Recent advancements have led to a greater understanding of macrophage origin, diversity and function, in both health and disease. Over the last few years, a variety of strategies targeting macrophages have been developed and these open new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we review the progress in macrophage reprogramming in various disorders and discuss the potential implications and challenges for macrophage-targeted approaches in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Pickering
- Immunology Network, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Kloc M, Uosef A, Villagran M, Zdanowski R, Kubiak JZ, Wosik J, Ghobrial RM. RhoA- and Actin-Dependent Functions of Macrophages from the Rodent Cardiac Transplantation Model Perspective -Timing Is the Essence. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020070. [PMID: 33498417 PMCID: PMC7909416 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The functions of animal and human cells depend on the actin cytoskeleton and its regulating protein called the RhoA. The actin cytoskeleton and RhoA also regulate the response of the immune cells such as macrophages to the microbial invasion and/or the presence of a non-self, such as a transplanted organ. The immune response against transplant occurs in several steps. The early step occurring within days post-transplantation is called the acute rejection and the late step, occurring months to years post-transplantation, is called the chronic rejection. In clinical transplantation, acute rejection is easily manageable by the anti-rejection drugs. However, there is no cure for chronic rejection, which is caused by the macrophages entering the transplant and promoting blockage of its blood vessels and destruction of tissue. We discuss here how the inhibition of the RhoA and actin cytoskeleton polymerization in the macrophages, either by genetic interference or pharmacologically, prevents macrophage entry into the transplanted organ and prevents chronic rejection, and also how it affects the anti-microbial function of the macrophages. We also focus on the importance of timing of the macrophage functions in chronic rejection and how the circadian rhythm may affect the anti-chronic rejection and anti-microbial therapies. Abstract The small GTPase RhoA, and its down-stream effector ROCK kinase, and the interacting Rac1 and mTORC2 pathways, are the principal regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and actin-related functions in all eukaryotic cells, including the immune cells. As such, they also regulate the phenotypes and functions of macrophages in the immune response and beyond. Here, we review the results of our and other’s studies on the role of the actin and RhoA pathway in shaping the macrophage functions in general and macrophage immune response during the development of chronic (long term) rejection of allografts in the rodent cardiac transplantation model. We focus on the importance of timing of the macrophage functions in chronic rejection and how the circadian rhythm may affect the anti-chronic rejection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Martha Villagran
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (M.V.); (J.W.)
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine (WIM), 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
- Cell Cycle Group, CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, UMR, 6290 Rennes, France
| | - Jarek Wosik
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (M.V.); (J.W.)
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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38
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Ural BB, Yeung ST, Damani-Yokota P, Devlin JC, de Vries M, Vera-Licona P, Samji T, Sawai CM, Jang G, Perez OA, Pham Q, Maher L, Loke P, Dittmann M, Reizis B, Khanna KM. Identification of a nerve-associated, lung-resident interstitial macrophage subset with distinct localization and immunoregulatory properties. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/45/eaax8756. [PMID: 32220976 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax8756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are a diverse population of cells that perform specialized functions including sustaining tissue homeostasis and tissue surveillance. Here, we report an interstitial subset of CD169+ lung-resident macrophages that are transcriptionally and developmentally distinct from alveolar macrophages (AMs). They are primarily localized around the airways and are found in close proximity to the sympathetic nerves in the bronchovascular bundle. These nerve- and airway-associated macrophages (NAMs) are tissue resident, yolk sac derived, self-renewing, and do not require CCR2+ monocytes for development or maintenance. Unlike AMs, the development of NAMs requires CSF1 but not GM-CSF. Bulk population and single-cell transcriptome analysis indicated that NAMs are distinct from other lung-resident macrophage subsets and highly express immunoregulatory genes under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. NAMs proliferated robustly after influenza infection and activation with the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C), and in their absence, the inflammatory response was augmented, resulting in excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and innate immune cell infiltration. Overall, our study provides insights into a distinct subset of airway-associated pulmonary macrophages that function to maintain immune and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak B Ural
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Payal Damani-Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph C Devlin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paola Vera-Licona
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tasleem Samji
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Geunhyo Jang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Oriana A Perez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Quynh Pham
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Leigh Maher
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Chatterjee B, Saha P, Bose S, Shukla D, Chatterjee N, Kumar S, Tripathi PP, Srivastava AK. MicroRNAs: As Critical Regulators of Tumor- Associated Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197117. [PMID: 32992449 PMCID: PMC7582892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging shreds of evidence suggest that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) modulate various hallmarks of cancer during tumor progression. Tumor microenvironment (TME) prime TAMs to execute important roles in cancer development and progression, including angiogenesis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) disruption. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical epigenetic regulators, which modulate various functions in diverse types of cells, including macrophages associated with TME. In this review article, we provide an update on miRNAs regulating differentiation, maturation, activation, polarization, and recruitment of macrophages in the TME. Furthermore, extracellular miRNAs are secreted from cancerous cells, which control macrophages phenotypic plasticity to support tumor growth. In return, TAMs also secrete various miRNAs that regulate tumor growth. Herein, we also describe the recent updates on the molecular connection between tumor cells and macrophages. A better understanding of the interaction between miRNAs and TAMs will provide new pharmacological targets to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilash Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Subhankar Bose
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Devendra Shukla
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, WB 700026, India;
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India;
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India;
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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Heterogeneous origins and functions of mouse skeletal muscle-resident macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20729-20740. [PMID: 32796104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915950117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages can originate from embryonic or adult hematopoiesis. They play important roles in a wide range of biological processes including tissue remodeling during organogenesis, organ homeostasis, repair following injury, and immune response to pathogens. Although the origins and tissue-specific functions of resident macrophages have been extensively studied in many other tissues, they are not well characterized in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we have characterized the ontogeny of skeletal muscle-resident macrophages by lineage tracing and bone marrow transplant experiments. We demonstrate that skeletal muscle-resident macrophages originate from both embryonic hematopoietic progenitors located within the yolk sac and fetal liver as well as definitive hematopoietic stem cells located within the bone marrow of adult mice. Single-cell-based transcriptome analyses revealed that skeletal muscle-resident macrophages are distinctive from resident macrophages in other tissues as they express a distinct complement of transcription factors and are composed of functionally diverse subsets correlating to their origins. Functionally, skeletal muscle-resident macrophages appear to maintain tissue homeostasis and promote muscle growth and regeneration.
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41
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Otto NA, de Vos AF, van Heijst JWJ, Roelofs JJTH, van der Poll T. Myeloid Liver Kinase B1 depletion is associated with a reduction in alveolar macrophage numbers and an impaired host defense during gram-negative pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2020; 225:1284-1295. [PMID: 32648919 PMCID: PMC8974838 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) has been studied extensively as a tumor suppressor gene (Stk11) in the context of cancer. We hypothesized that myeloid LKB1 plays a role in innate immunity during pneumonia. METHODS Mice deficient for LKB1 in myeloid cells (LysM-cre x Stk11fl/fl ) or neutrophils (Mrp8-cre x Stk11fl/fl) were infected with Klebsiellapneumoniae via the airways. LysM-cre x Stk11fl/fl mice were also intranasally challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS Myeloid, but not neutrophil LKB1 deficient mice had increased bacterial loads in lungs from 6 to 40 hours after infection as compared to control mice, pointing at a role for LKB1 in macrophages. Myeloid LKB1 deficiency was associated with reduced cytokine release into the airways upon local LPS instillation. The number of classical (SiglecFhighCD11bneg) alveolar macrophages (AMs) was reduced by approximately 50% in the lungs of myeloid LKB1 deficient mice, which was not caused by increased cell death or reduced proliferation. Instead, myeloid LKB1 deficient mice had AMs with a 'non-classical' (SiglecFlowCD11bpos) phenotype. AMs did not upregulate glycolysis in response to LPS, irrespective of LKB1 presence. CONCLUSION Myeloid LKB1 is important for local host defense during Klebsiella pneumonia by maintaining adequate AM numbers in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja A Otto
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W J van Heijst
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neogene Therapeutics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Trzeciak A, Pietropaoli AP, Kim M. Biomarkers and Associated Immune Mechanisms for Early Detection and Therapeutic Management of Sepsis. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e23. [PMID: 32655971 PMCID: PMC7327151 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is conceptually defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Although there has been significant advancement in recent decades in defining and understanding sepsis pathology, clinical management of sepsis is challenging due to difficulties in diagnosis, a lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers, and treatment options that are largely limited to antibiotic therapy and fundamental supportive measures. The lack of reliable diagnostic and prognostic tests makes it difficult to triage patients who are in need of more urgent care. Furthermore, while the acute inpatient treatment of sepsis warrants ongoing attention and investigation, efforts must also be directed toward longer term survival and outcomes. Sepsis survivors experience incomplete recovery, with long-term health impairments that may require both cognitive and physical treatment and rehabilitation. This review summarizes recent advances in sepsis prognosis research and discusses progress made in elucidating the underlying causes of prolonged health deficits experienced by patients surviving the early phases of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Trzeciak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anthony P Pietropaoli
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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43
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Martin-Estebane M, Gomez-Nicola D. Targeting Microglial Population Dynamics in Alzheimer's Disease: Are We Ready for a Potential Impact on Immune Function? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:149. [PMID: 32581720 PMCID: PMC7289918 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting two-thirds of people with dementia in the world. To date, no disease-modifying treatments are available to stop or delay the progression of AD. This chronic neurodegenerative disease is dominated by a strong innate immune response, whereby microglia plays a central role as the main resident macrophage of the brain. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in microglial genes and associated with a delayed onset of AD, highlighting the important role of these cells on the onset and/or progression of the disease. These findings have increased the interest in targeting microglia-associated neuroinflammation as a potentially disease-modifying therapeutic approach for AD. In this review we provide an overview on the contribution of microglia to the pathophysiology of AD, focusing on the main regulatory pathways controlling microglial population dynamics during the neuroinflammatory response, such as the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), its ligands (the colony-stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 34) and the transcription factor PU.1. We also discuss the current therapeutic strategies targeting proliferation to modulate microglia-associated neuroinflammation and their potential impact on peripheral immune cell populations in the short and long-term. Understanding the effects of immunomodulatory approaches on microglia and other immune cell types might be critical for developing specific, effective, and safe therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martin-Estebane
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Gomez-Nicola
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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44
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Domingo-Gonzalez R, Zanini F, Che X, Liu M, Jones RC, Swift MA, Quake SR, Cornfield DN, Alvira CM. Diverse homeostatic and immunomodulatory roles of immune cells in the developing mouse lung at single cell resolution. eLife 2020; 9:e56890. [PMID: 32484158 PMCID: PMC7358008 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At birth, the lungs rapidly transition from a pathogen-free, hypoxic environment to a pathogen-rich, rhythmically distended air-liquid interface. Although many studies have focused on the adult lung, the perinatal lung remains unexplored. Here, we present an atlas of the murine lung immune compartment during early postnatal development. We show that the late embryonic lung is dominated by specialized proliferative macrophages with a surprising physical interaction with the developing vasculature. These macrophages disappear after birth and are replaced by a dynamic mixture of macrophage subtypes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, and lymphocytes. Detailed characterization of macrophage diversity revealed an orchestration of distinct subpopulations across postnatal development to fill context-specific functions in tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and immunity. These data both broaden the putative roles for immune cells in the developing lung and provide a framework for understanding how external insults alter immune cell phenotype during a period of rapid lung growth and heightened vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racquel Domingo-Gonzalez
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Xibing Che
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Min Liu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Robert C Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Michael A Swift
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - David N Cornfield
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Cristina M Alvira
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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Abstract
Microglia are increasingly shown to be key players in neuron development and synapse connectivity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which microglia regulate neuron function remain poorly understood in part because such analysis is challenging in the brain where neurons and synapses are intermingled and connectivity is only beginning to be mapped. Here, we discuss the features and function of microglia in the ordered mammalian retina where the laminar organization of neurons and synapses facilitates such molecular studies. We discuss microglia origins and consider the evidence for molecularly distinct microglia subpopulations and their potential for differential roles with a particular focus on the early stages of retina development. We then review the models and methods used for the study of these cells and discuss emerging data that link retina microglia to the genesis and survival of particular retina cell subtypes. We also highlight potential roles for microglia in shaping the development and organization of the vasculature and discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Such insights may help resolve the mechanisms by which retinal microglia impact visual function and help guide studies of related features in brain development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenge Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Danye Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melanie A Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Toll-like receptor 2 expression on c-kit + cells tracks the emergence of embryonic definitive hematopoietic progenitors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5176. [PMID: 31729371 PMCID: PMC6858454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in mammalian embryos proceeds through three successive waves of hematopoietic progenitors. Since their emergence spatially and temporally overlap and phenotypic markers are often shared, the specifics regarding their origin, development, lineage restriction and mutual relationships have not been fully determined. The identification of wave-specific markers would aid to resolve these uncertainties. Here, we show that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed during early mouse embryogenesis. We provide phenotypic and functional evidence that the expression of TLR2 on E7.5 c-kit+ cells marks the emergence of precursors of erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) and provides resolution for separate tracking of EMPs from primitive progenitors. Using in vivo fate mapping, we show that at E8.5 the Tlr2 locus is already active in emerging EMPs and in progenitors of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Together, this data demonstrates that the activation of the Tlr2 locus tracks the earliest events in the process of EMP and HSC specification. There is limited knowledge of markers to identify various waves of murine embryonic hematopoiesis. Here, the authors show that the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on E7.5 c-kit+ cells marks the emergence of erythro-myeloid progenitor precursors and that the Tlr2 locus is active in E8.5 precursors of adult HSCs.
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Kielbassa K, Vegna S, Ramirez C, Akkari L. Understanding the Origin and Diversity of Macrophages to Tailor Their Targeting in Solid Cancers. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2215. [PMID: 31611871 PMCID: PMC6773830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and are associated with a poor prognostic factor in several cancers. TAMs promote tumor growth by facilitating immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and inflammation, and can promote tumor recurrence post-therapeutic intervention. Major TAM-targeted therapies include depletion, reprogramming, as well as disrupting the balance of macrophage recruitment and their effector functions. However, intervention-targeting macrophages have been challenging, since TAM populations are highly plastic and adaptation or resistance to these approaches often arise. Defining a roadmap of macrophage dynamics in the TIME related to tissue and tumor type could represent exploitable vulnerabilities related to their altered functions in cancer malignancy. Here, we review multiple macrophage-targeting strategies in brain, liver, and lung cancers, which all emerge in tissues rich in resident macrophages. We discuss the successes and failures of these therapeutic approaches as well as the potential of personalized macrophage-targeting treatments in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Culemann S, Grüneboom A, Krönke G. Origin and function of synovial macrophage subsets during inflammatory joint disease. Adv Immunol 2019; 143:75-98. [PMID: 31607368 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes and macrophages, are a central component of the host's innate immune system designated to protect against invading pathogens. However, these cells do not only interact with various parts of the innate and adaptive immune system, but also fulfill indispensable duties during the control of tissue homeostasis and organ function. Moreover, macrophages are crucially involved in tissue remodeling and repair in response to damage. Simultaneously, mononuclear phagocytes might also contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In particular, their potential role in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has drawn increasing attention and substantially shaped our general understanding of the role of monocytes and macrophages during health and disease. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the origin and function of mononuclear phagocytes within the joint and addresses their involvement in joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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Petit V, Parcelier A, Mathé C, Barroca V, Torres C, Lewandowski D, Ferri F, Gallouët AS, Dalloz M, Dinet O, Boschetti G, Vozenin MC, Roméo PH. TRIM33 deficiency in monocytes and macrophages impairs resolution of colonic inflammation. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:60-70. [PMID: 31130476 PMCID: PMC6604767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature myeloid cells play a crucial role in Crohn's disease (CD) but the molecular players that regulate their functions in CD are not fully characterized. We and others have shown that TRIM33 is involved in the innate immune response and in the inflammatory response but TRIM33 role in intestinal inflammation is not known. In this study, we investigated the role of TRIM33 in myeloid cells during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS We study the role of TRIM33 during DSS-induced colitis which mimics intestinal inflammation using mice deleted for Trim33 only in mature myeloid cells (Trim33-/- mice) FINDINGS: We first show that Trim33 mRNA level is decreased in CD patient's blood monocytes suggesting a role of TRIM33 in CD. Using Trim33-/- mice, we show that these mice display an impaired resolution of colonic inflammation with an increased number of blood and colon monocytes and a decreased number of colonic macrophages. Trim33-/- monocytes are less competent for recruitment and macrophage differentiation. Finally, during resolution of inflammation, Trim33-/- colonic macrophages display an impaired M1/M2 switch and express a low level of membrane-bound TNF that is associated with an increased number of colonic neutrophils. INTERPRETATION Our study shows an important role of TRIM33 in monocytes/macrophages during DSS-induced colitis and suggests that the decreased expression of TRIM33 in CD patient's blood monocytes might not be a consequence but might be involved in CD progression. FUND: La Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labelisée), INSERM, CEA, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Sud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Petit
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Aude Parcelier
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; Yposkei (Genethon), 91200 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Cecile Mathé
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Claire Torres
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Federica Ferri
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; CEA/DRF/JACOB/IDMIT, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Marion Dalloz
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; Servier, Oncology, 78290 Croissy, France
| | - Océane Dinet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Boschetti
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Radio-Oncology Research Laboratory, Vaudois University Hospital Centre (CHUV), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Roméo
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France.
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Theret M, Mounier R, Rossi F. The origins and non-canonical functions of macrophages in development and regeneration. Development 2019; 146:146/9/dev156000. [PMID: 31048317 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new non-canonical (i.e. non-innate immune) functions of macrophages has been a recurring theme over the past 20 years. Indeed, it has emerged that macrophages can influence the development, homeostasis, maintenance and regeneration of many tissues and organs, including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, the brain and the liver, in part by acting directly on tissue-resident stem cells. In addition, macrophages play crucial roles in diseases such as obesity-associated diabetes or cancers. Increased knowledge of their regulatory roles within each tissue will therefore help us to better understand the full extent of their functions and could highlight new mechanisms modulating disease pathogenesis. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the developmental origins of various macrophage populations and summarize our knowledge of the non-canonical functions of macrophages in development, regeneration and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institut Neuromyogène, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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