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Zhang Y, Koene M, Reijneveld SA, Tuinstra J, Broekhuis M, van der Spek S, Wagenaar C. The impact of interventions in the built environment on physical activity levels: a systematic umbrella review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:156. [PMID: 36550583 PMCID: PMC9773501 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is good for people's health. The relationship between the built environment and physical activity has been well documented. However, evidence is both scarce and scattered on specific urban interventions, i.e., intentional redesigns of the built environment that promote physical activity accompanied by pre- and post-effect measurement. This umbrella review aims to synthesize the findings of systematic reviews focused on these urban interventions. We followed the PRISMA 2020 and JBI umbrella review protocol guidelines and searched seven databases covering the period between Jan 2010 and April 2022 using keywords relating to the built environment, health, physical activity, and interventions. This yielded seven systematic reviews, in which we identified several urban interventions that can promote physical activity. We found positive effects of urban interventions on physical activity regarding park renovations, adding exercise equipment, introducing a (new) pocket park, improving cycling environments, improving walking & cycling environments, as well as multi-component initiatives for active travel and enhancing the availability & accessibility of destinations. The findings suggest that the urban environment can effectively promote physical activity, especially by adding various facilities and destinations and by making the environment better suitable for active use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Zhang
- Expertise Center Architecture, Urbanism and Health, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marijke Koene
- Expertise Center Architecture, Urbanism and Health, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Tuinstra
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Manda Broekhuis
- Department of Operations, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan van der Spek
- Department of Urbanism, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Cor Wagenaar
- Expertise Center Architecture, Urbanism and Health, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Christensen A, Griffiths C, Hobbs M, Gorse C, Radley D. Investigating where adolescents engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour: An exploratory study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276934. [PMID: 36472978 PMCID: PMC9725162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a persistent lack of understanding on the influence of the environment on behaviour and health. While the environment is considered an important modifiable determinant of health behaviour, past research assessing environments often relies on static, researcher-defined buffers of arbitrary distance. This likely leads to misrepresentation of true environmental exposures. This exploratory study aims to compare researcher-defined and self-drawn buffers in reflecting the spaces and time adolescents engage in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour. It also investigates if adolescent's access the PA facility and greenspace nearest their home or school for PA, as well as examine how much time adolescents spent in PA at any PA facilities and greenspaces. METHODS Adolescents (aged 14-18 years; n = 34) were recruited from schools in West Yorkshire, England. Seven consecutive days of global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometer data were collected at 15 second intervals. Using ArcGIS, we compared 30 different researcher-defined buffers including: radial, network and ellipse buffers at 400m, 800m, 1000m, 1600m and 3000m and participant-defined self-drawn neighbourhoods to objectively measured PA and sedentary space and PA time. Location of PA was also compared to Points of Interest data to determine if adolescents use the nearest PA facility or greenspace to their home or school and to examine how much PA was undertaken within these locations. RESULTS Our exploratory findings show the inadequacy of researcher-defined buffer size in assessing MVPA space or sedentary space. Furthermore, less than 35% of adolescents used the greenspaces or PA facilities nearest to their home or school. Approximately 50% of time spent in PA did not occur within the home, school, PA facility, or greenspace environments. CONCLUSION Our exploratory findings help to begin to quantify the inadequacy of researcher-defined, and self-drawn buffers in capturing adolescent MVPA and sedentary space, as well as time spent in PA. Adolescents often do not use PA facilities and greenspaces nearest their home and school and a large proportion of PA is achieved outside PA facilities and greenspaces. Further research with larger samples are needed to confirm the findings of this exploratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Christensen
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire Griffiths
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hobbs
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Chris Gorse
- School of Built Environment and Engineering, Carnegie, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Radley
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Kramer-Kostecka EN, Folk AL, Friend S, Coan B, Kne L, Beaudette J, Barr-Anderson DJ, Fulkerson JA. A novel method to map community- and neighborhood-level access to rural physical activity built environments in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:102066. [PMID: 36531106 PMCID: PMC9747658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) built environments may support PA among rural youth and families. In the United States (U.S.), differences between rural and urban PA built environments are assessed using coarse scale, county-level methods. However, this method insufficiently examines environmental differences within rural counties. The present study uses rural-specific geospatial mapping techniques and a fine scale, within-rural grouping strategy to identify differing levels of access to the PA built environment among a rural sample. First, PA infrastructure variables (parks, sidewalks) within a rural region of the Midwest U.S. were mapped. Then, households (N = 112) of participants in the NU-HOME study, a childhood obesity prevention trial, were categorized to community-level and neighborhood-level PA built environment groups using two access indicators; Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes and Walk Scores®, respectively. Finally, households were categorized to new groups that combined community-level RUCA codes and neighborhood-level Walk Scores® to indicate the diverse ways in which rural families might access PA built environments, including by vehicle travel and pedestrian commuting. Household access to PA infrastructure (per geospatial proximity and density analyses), parent perceptions of the PA environment, and child PA were examined across the new combined access groups. All measures of household access to PA infrastructure significantly differed by group (p <.0001). Several parent PA perceptions differed by group; child PA did not. The present study provides future researchers with innovative strategies to map and examine how access to the PA built environment differs within a rural area. Due to the public availability of the access indicators used (RUCA codes, Walk Scores®), study methods can be replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eydie N. Kramer-Kostecka
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Amanda L. Folk
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 209 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sarah Friend
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Brian Coan
- U-Spatial, Research Computing, University of Minnesota, 420 Blegen Hall, 269 19th Ave. S Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Len Kne
- U-Spatial, Research Computing, University of Minnesota, 420 Blegen Hall, 269 19th Ave. S Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jennifer Beaudette
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, 920 E 28th St #100, Minneapolis, MN 55407, United States
| | - Daheia J. Barr-Anderson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 209 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jayne A. Fulkerson
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Joseph J, Tajrobehkar B, Estrada G, Hamdonah Z. Racialized Women in Sport in Canada: A Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:868-880. [PMID: 36370698 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping literature review examines: What literature exists about the sport and physical activity experiences of racialized cis and trans women, adolescents, and girls in Canada? METHODS English language peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and gray literature published January 1, 2000, up to May 31, 2020, were examined. The databases used were SPORTDiscus via EBSCO, Sociological Abstracts, Sport Medicine and Education Index, and Google Scholar. The 42 studies and 15 gray literatures found included 1430 participants explicitly specified as racialized women/girl participants. RESULTS There was a paucity of literature on the topic overall with none (n = 0) focused on experiences of racialized trans women. The limited research notes some successful programs that address racialized women's needs. However, the research also shows widespread experiences of discrimination against women based on racial group and language and limited access to culturally relevant or welcoming sporting opportunities, such as women-only programs and spaces. CONCLUSIONS Much more research should be done to disaggregate "immigrants" into specific racial and ethnic groups, attend to intersectional identities and barriers, understand a wide range of involvement (eg, including coaching, high performance sport, recreation, exercise, university sport, mentorship programs), document racism and White privilege, and describe the joys of participation in sport for racialized women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Joseph
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Bahar Tajrobehkar
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Gabriela Estrada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Zeana Hamdonah
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
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Marquet O, Hirsch JA, Kerr J, Jankowska MM, Mitchell J, Hart JE, Laden F, Hipp JA, James P. GPS-based activity space exposure to greenness and walkability is associated with increased accelerometer-based physical activity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107317. [PMID: 35660954 PMCID: PMC10187790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Built and natural environments may provide opportunities for physical activity. However, studies are limited by primarily using residential addresses to define exposure and self-report to measure physical activity. We quantified associations between global positioning systems (GPS)-based activity space measures of environmental exposure and accelerometer-based physical activity. METHODS Using a nationwide sample of working female adults (N = 354), we obtained seven days of GPS and accelerometry data. We created Daily Path Area activity spaces using GPS data and linked these activity spaces to spatial datasets on walkability (EPA Smart Location Database at the Census block group level) and greenness (satellite vegetation at 250 m resolution). We utilized generalized additive models to examine nonlinear associations between activity space exposures and accelerometer-derived physical activity outcomes adjusted for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and self-rated health. RESULTS Higher activity space walkability was associated with higher levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity, and higher activity space greenness was associated with greater numbers of steps per week. No strong relationships were observed for sedentary behavior or light physical activity. Highest levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity were observed for participants with both high walkability and high greenness in their activity spaces. CONCLUSION This study contributes evidence that higher levels of physical activity occur in environments with more dense, diverse, and well-connected built environments, and with higher amounts of vegetation. These data suggest that urban planners, landscape architects, and policy makers should implement and evaluate environmental interventions to encourage higher levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Marquet
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jana A Hirsch
- Urban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marta M Jankowska
- Beckman Research Institute, Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, USA; Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Physical Activity and Food Environments in and around Schools: A Case Study in Regional North-West Tasmania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106238. [PMID: 35627775 PMCID: PMC9140536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the physical activity (PA) infrastructure in schools, the walkability of neighborhoods close to schools, and the food environments around schools, particularly in rural, socioeconomically challenged areas such as the North-West (NW) of Tasmania, could be important in the wider effort to improve the health of school-age children. Accordingly, this research aimed to assess PA resources, walkability, and food environments in and around schools in three socioeconomically disadvantaged, regional/rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Tasmania, Australia. A census of schools (including assessment of the PA infrastructure quality within school grounds), a walkability assessment, and a census of food outlets surrounding schools (through geospatial mapping) were executed. Most of the schools in the study region had access to an oval, basketball/volleyball/netball court, and free-standing exercise equipment. In all instances (i.e., regardless of school type), the quality of the available infrastructure was substantially higher than the number of incivilities observed. Most schools also had good (i.e., within the first four deciles) walkability. Numerous food outlets were within the walking zones of all schools in the study region, with an abundance of food outlets that predominantly sold processed unhealthy food.
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Bird M, Datta GD, Chinerman D, Kakinami L, Mathieu ME, Henderson M, Barnett TA. Associations of neighborhood walkability with moderate to vigorous physical activity: an application of compositional data analysis comparing compositional and non-compositional approaches. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:55. [PMID: 35585542 PMCID: PMC9118591 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the relation between neighborhood features and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using linear regression analysis and the more novel compositional data analysis (CoDA). Compositional data analysis allows us to take the time children allocate to different movement behaviours during a 24-hour time period into account. METHODOLOGY Data from youth participants (n = 409) in the QUALITY (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) cohort were included. Time spent in MVPA, light physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep ("24-hour movement behaviours") was measured using accelerometers. Neighborhood data were collected using a geographic information system and through direct observation. In CoDA models, we used orthogonal logratio coordinates, which allows for the association of neighbourhood walkability with MVPA to be estimated with respect to the average composition of all other behaviours within a 24-hour time frame. In baseline linear regression models, MVPA was regressed cross-sectionally on neighborhood walkability. All models were stratified by sex, and controlled for BMI z-scores, pubertal development, seasonal variation, parental education, and neighbourhood safety. RESULTS Based on CoDA, girls who lived in more walkable neighborhoods had 10% higher daily MVPA (95% CI: 2%, 19%), taking into account all other movement behaviours. Based on linear regression, girls who resided in more walkable neighborhoods engaged in 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 6.6) more minutes of MVPA per day on average than girls residing in less walkable neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS Unlike with traditional linear models, all movement behaviours were included in a single model using CoDA, allowing for a more complete picture of the strength and direction of the association between neighbourhood Walkability and MVPA. Application of CoDA to investigate determinants of physical activity provides additional insight into potential mechanisms and the ways in which people allocate their time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Bird
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Office of International Affairs for the Health Portfolio, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geetanjali D Datta
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Le Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deanna Chinerman
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges Rd, Montreal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lisa Kakinami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges Rd, Montreal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada.
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Rivera E, Veitch J, Loh VHY, Salmon J, Cerin E, Mavoa S, Villanueva K, Timperio A. Outdoor public recreation spaces and social connectedness among adolescents. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:165. [PMID: 35073899 PMCID: PMC8785371 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Outdoor public recreation spaces are important settings for leisure and physical activity. Adolescents’ use of these spaces may contribute to social connectedness via social interaction with peers and the community in these settings. However, research on this topic is limited. This exploratory study examined associations of frequency of visitation and physical activity in outdoor public recreation spaces with social connectedness among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia.
Methods
Adolescents self-reported their frequency of visitation to parks, trails, beach/lake, and sports facilities; frequency of physical activity in a park, local street or path, and their street; and social connectedness. Separate analyses were conducted for visitation (n = 349, 15.4 ± 1.6 years, 58% female) and physical activity (n = 441, 15.4 ± 1.6 years, 59% female) using multilevel linear regression models.
Results
No significant associations were observed for frequency of visitation to a park (B = 0.86, 95% CI = − 0.26, 1.99), trails (B = 0.41, 95% CI = − 0.61, 1.44), beach/lake (B = − 0.44, 95% CI = − 1.46, 0.57), or sports facilities (B = 0.64, 95% CI = − 0.43, 1.70), nor for frequency of physical activity in their street (B = − 0.07, 95% CI = − 0.46, 0.31), local street/path (B = − 0.05, 95% CI = − 0.43, 0.33) or in a park (B = 0.23, 95% CI = − 0.14, 0.60) with adolescents’ social connectedness.
Conclusions
The findings did not support the hypothesis that visiting and being active in outdoor public recreation spaces are associated with adolescents’ social connectedness. Future research should consider the duration and context of outdoor public recreation space use (e.g., sports, socialising, relaxing alone) and whether different types and/or a combination of public spaces are more/less conducive to social connectedness.
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Associations between Children's Physical Activity and Neighborhood Environments Using GIS: A Secondary Analysis from a Systematic Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031033. [PMID: 35162057 PMCID: PMC8834090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Regular participation in physical activity is essential for children's physical, mental, and cognitive health. Neighborhood environments may be especially important for children who are more likely to spend time in the environment proximal to home. This article provides an update of evidence for associations between children's physical activity behaviors and objectively assessed environmental characteristics derived using geographical information system (GIS)-based approaches. A systematic scoping review yielded 36 relevant articles of varying study quality. Most studies were conducted in the USA. Findings highlight the need for neighborhoods that are well connected, have higher population densities, and have a variety of destinations in the proximal neighborhood to support children's physical activity behaviors. A shorter distance to school and safe traffic environments were significant factors in supporting children's active travel behaviors. Areas for improvement in the field include the consideration of neighborhood self-selection bias, including more diverse population groups, ground-truthing GIS databases, utilising data-driven approaches to derive environmental indices, and improving the temporal alignment of GIS datasets with behavioral outcomes.
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Molina-García J, Menescardi C, Estevan I, Queralt A. Associations between Park and Playground Availability and Proximity and Children's Physical Activity and Body Mass Index: The BEACH Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010250. [PMID: 35010510 PMCID: PMC8750605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds and physical activity (PA). Moreover, the accessibility to parks and playgrounds and its association with active commuting to/from school (ACS) and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. The sample was composed of children aged 6-12 years old from the BEACH (Built Environment and Active CHildren) study in Valencia, Spain. The availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds were calculated at different buffer sizes (250, 500, 1000 and 1250 m) using geographical information system data. PA out of school was assessed using accelerometers. Sociodemographics and ACS were measured with a parent questionnaire. Objectively measured weight and height were used to calculate BMI. Mixed linear regression analyses were conducted for each exposure variable, adjusting for sociodemographics, neighborhood walkability level, and participant clustering. The number of parks and playgrounds were positively associated with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA (TPA); including light PA and MVPA, during weekdays, in different buffer sizes. A negative relationship between distance to the nearest playground and TPA during weekdays was found. In addition, the number of playgrounds was positively related to ACS in different buffer sizes, whereas park land area was negatively related to the BMI percentile. This study highlights the importance of assessing the availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds in children's neighborhoods when PA behavior and weight status are analyzed. Study findings may help policymakers when targeting interventions to promote health-enhancing behaviors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.); (I.E.)
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-961-625-170
| | - Cristina Menescardi
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.); (I.E.)
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.); (I.E.)
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Nakabazzi B, Wachira LJM, Oyeyemi AL, Ssenyonga R, Onywera VO. Parental-perceived home and neighborhood environmental correlates of accelerometer-measured physical activity among school-going children in Uganda. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 1:e0000089. [PMID: 36962124 PMCID: PMC10021676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity (PA) on children's health and well-being are well established. However, many children do not meet the PA recommendations, increasing their risk of being overweight, obese, and non-communicable diseases. Environmental characteristics of homes and neighborhoods may constrain a child's ability to engage in PA, but evidence is needed to inform country-specific interventions in understudied low-income countries. This study assessed the associations between parental-perceived home and neighbourhood, built environment characteristics, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children in Kampala city, Uganda. In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from 256 children (55.5% girls) aged between 10 and 12 years and their parents. Children's MVPA was measured using waist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers. The environments were assessed using a valid self-reported parent survey. Linear regression models with standard errors (clusters) were used to analyze the relationship between environmental variables and children's MVPA. Sex-specific relationships were assessed using sex-stratified models. Play equipment at home (β = -2.37, p <0.001; unexpected direction), residential density (β = 2.70, p<0.05), and crime safety (β = -5.29, p <0.05; unexpected direction) were associated with children's MVPA. The sex-specific analyses revealed more inconsistent patterns of results with a higher perception of land use mix associated with less MVPA in girls (irrespective of school type attended), and higher perceptions of sidewalk infrastructure (β = -12.01, p <0.05) and walking and cycling infrastructure (β = -14.72, p <0.05) associated with less MVPA in girls attending public schools only. A better perception of crime safety was associated with less MVPA among boys and girls attending private schools (β = -3.80, p <0.05). Few environmental characteristics were related to children's MVPA in Uganda, and findings were largely inconsistent, especially among girls. Future studies are needed to understand the ecological determinants of health-related PA behaviors among children in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Nakabazzi
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, School of Public Health and Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lucy-Joy M. Wachira
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, School of Public Health and Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ronald Ssenyonga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Vincent O. Onywera
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, School of Public Health and Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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12
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Measuring the Built Environment in Studies of Child Health-A Meta-Narrative Review of Associations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010741. [PMID: 34682484 PMCID: PMC8535212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the built environment (BE) is important for children’s health, there is little consensus about which features are most important due to differences in measurement and outcomes across disciplines. This meta-narrative review was undertaken by a multi-disciplinary team of researchers to summarise ways in which the BE is measured, and how this links to children’s health. A structured search of four databases across the relevant disciplines retrieved 108 relevant references. The most commonly addressed health-related outcomes were active travel, physical activity and play, and obesity. Many studies used objective (GIS and street audits) or standardised subjective (perceived) measurements of the BE. However, there was a wide variety, and sometimes inconsistency, in their definition and use. There were clear associations between the BE and children’s health. Objective physical activity and self-reported active travel, or obesity, were positively associated with higher street connectivity or walkability measures, while self-reported physical activity and play had the strongest association with reduced street connectivity, indicated by quieter, one-way streets. Despite the high heterogeneity found in BE measures and health outcomes, the meta-narrative approach enabled us to identify ten BE categories that are likely to support children’s health and be protective against some non-communicable disease risk factors. Future research should implement consistent BE measures to ensure key features are explored. A systems approach will be particularly relevant for addressing place-based health inequalities, given potential unintended health consequences of making changes to the BE.
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13
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Jacobs J, Crooks N, Allender S, Strugnell C, Backholer K, Nichols M. Is the physical activity environment surrounding primary schools associated with students' weight status, physical activity or active transport, in regional areas of Victoria, Australia? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045785. [PMID: 34215603 PMCID: PMC8256746 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether the physical activity (PA) environment (walkability, greenspace and recreational facilities) surrounding regional primary schools is associated with children's PA levels, active transport and weight status. Limited research on this topic has been conducted outside of major cities. DESIGN Cross-sectional ecological study using baseline data from two large-scale obesity prevention interventions. SETTING Eighty (n=80) primary schools across two regional areas in Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Students aged 8-13 years (n=2144) attending participating primary schools. OUTCOME MEASURES Measured weight status (body mass index z-score, proportion overweight/obese) and self-reported PA behaviours (meeting PA recommendations and active travel behaviour). RESULTS When adjusted for student and school demographics, students had significantly increased odds of using active transport to or from school when the school neighbourhood was more walkable (OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.35), had a greater number of greenspaces (OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.53)) and a greater number of recreational facilities (OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.31)). A higher cumulative PA environment score was also associated with a higher proportion of children using active transport (OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.51)). There were no significant associations between the PA environment measures and either weight status or meeting the PA recommendations in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of its kind exploring school neighbourhood environments and child weight status and PA in regional areas of Australia. It highlights the potential of the environment surrounding primary schools in contributing to students' active travel to and from school. Further research with the use of objective PA measurement is warranted in regional areas that have been under-researched. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR.org.au) identifier 12616000980437; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jacobs
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nic Crooks
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Christensen A, Griffiths C, Hobbs M, Gorse C, Radley D. Accuracy of buffers and self-drawn neighbourhoods in representing adolescent GPS measured activity spaces: An exploratory study. Health Place 2021; 69:102569. [PMID: 33882372 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There continues to be a lack of understanding as to the geographical area at which the environment exerts influence on behaviour and health. This exploratory study compares different potential methods of both researcher- and participant-defined definitions of neighbourhood reflect an adolescent's activity space. METHODS Seven consecutive days of global positioning system (GPS) tracking data were collected at 15 s intervals using a small exploratory adolescent sample of 14-18 year olds (n = 69) in West Yorkshire, England. A total of 304,581 GPS tracking points were collected and compared 30 different definitions of researcher-defined neighbourhoods including radial, network and ellipse buffers at 400 m, 800 m, 1000 m, 1600 m and 3000 m, as well as participant-defined self-drawn neighbourhoods. RESULTS This exploratory study supports emerging evidence cautioning against the use of static neighbourhood definitions for defining exposure. Traditional buffers (network and radial) capture at most 67% of activity space (home radial), and at worst they captured only 3.5% (school network) and range from capturing between 3 and 88% of total time. Similarly, self-drawn neighbourhoods captured only 10% of actual daily movement. Interestingly, 40% of an adolescent's self-drawn neighbourhood was not used. We also demonstrate that buffers capture a range of space (22-95%) where adolescents do not go, thus misclassifying the exposure. CONCLUSION Our exploratory findings demonstrate that neither researcher- nor participant-defined definition of neighbourhood adequately captures adolescent activity space. Further research with larger samples are needed to confirm the findings of this exploratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christensen
- School of Sport, Carnegie, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK; School of Built Environment and Engineering, Carnegie, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK.
| | - C Griffiths
- School of Sport, Carnegie, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK
| | - M Hobbs
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - C Gorse
- School of Built Environment and Engineering, Carnegie, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK
| | - D Radley
- School of Sport, Carnegie, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK
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15
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Zou Y, Ma Y, Wu Z, Liu Y, Xu M, Qiu G, Vos H, Jia P, Wang L. Neighbourhood residential density and childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e13037. [PMID: 32406192 PMCID: PMC7988655 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Residential density is considered an important attribute of the built environment that may be relevant to childhood obesity. However, findings remain inconclusive, and there are no reviews yet on the association between residential density and childhood obesity. This study aimed to systematically review the associations between residential density and weight-related behaviours and outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science for articles published before 1 January 2019. A total of 35 studies conducted in 14 countries were identified, including 33 cross-sectional studies, one longitudinal study and one containing both study designs. Residential density was measured by Geographic Information Systems in 28 studies within a varied radius from 0.25 to 2 km around the individual residence. Our study found a general positive association between residential density and physical activity (PA); no significant associations were observed. This study provided evidence for a supportive role of residential density in promoting PA among children. However, it remained difficult to draw a conclusion between residential density and childhood obesity. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zou
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Xu
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Qiu
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heleen Vos
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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16
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Luo M, Li H, Pan X, Fei T, Dai S, Qiu G, Zou Y, Vos H, Luo J, Jia P. Neighbourhood speed limit and childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e13052. [PMID: 32657020 PMCID: PMC7988580 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As an important factor for neighbourhood walkability, the speed limit in the neighbourhood may influence children's physical activity (PA) outdoors, especially active transport, and further their weight status. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the association between neighbourhood speed limit and obesity-related behaviours and outcomes among children and adolescents. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant studies published from the inception of the database to 1 January 2019. Sixteen studies were included, with 13 cross-sectional studies and three longitudinal studies. Speed limit was measured as the percentage/number of high-speed roads, perception of safe driving speed, perception of speeding and use of traffic-calming tools in the neighbourhood. Eleven studies measured the use of active transport as the outcome of interest, and seven studies measured PA directly. Eleven studies revealed an association between a lower speed limit and increased PA, whereas one study showed a negative association, and three studies reported non-significant associations. Only one study associated speed limit with weight status, which reported a non-significant association. This review generally supported a negative association between speed limit and PA among children and adolescents. More studies are needed to examine their causality, as well as the association between speed limit and weight status, in order to increase the impact of this research area on public health policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyang Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanqi Li
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Teng Fei
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqing Dai
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ge Qiu
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Zou
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heleen Vos
- Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Jia P, Zou Y, Wu Z, Zhang D, Wu T, Smith M, Xiao Q. Street connectivity, physical activity, and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e12943. [PMID: 31507068 PMCID: PMC7988624 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Street connectivity, as a neighbourhood built environmental factor, may affect individual physical activity (PA) and subsequently weight status. However, these associations remain inconclusive. This study aimed to systematically review the association between street connectivity and childhood obesity. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published before January 1, 2019. All original studies that investigated the association between street connectivity and weight-related behaviours or outcomes among children and adolescents were included. Forty-seven articles were identified, including eight longitudinal and 41 cross-sectional studies conducted in eight countries. The sample size ranged from 88 to 46 813. Street intersection density (SID), measured by Geographic Information Systems in 36 studies and reported in 13 studies, was the main indicator used to represent street connectivity. Forty-four studies examined the association between SID and weight-related behaviours, including overall PA (n = 15), moderate-to-vigorous PA (n = 13), active transport (n = 12), dog walking (n = 1), walking (n = 1), sedentary behaviours (n = 2), and TV viewing (n = 1). Fifteen studies focused on the association between SID and weight-related outcomes. Overall, evidence from this systematic review and meta-analyses suggested a positive association between street connectivity and PA. However, it was difficult to draw a conclusion on the association between street connectivity and BMI. More longitudinal evidence is needed to confirm the causal association between street connectivity and weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands
| | - Yuxuan Zou
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Melody Smith
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qian Xiao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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18
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Smith M, Cui J, Ikeda E, Mavoa S, Hasanzadeh K, Zhao J, Rinne TE, Donnellan N, Kyttä M. Objective measurement of children's physical activity geographies: A systematic search and scoping review. Health Place 2020; 67:102489. [PMID: 33302122 PMCID: PMC7883215 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically identify, map out, and describe geographical information systems (GIS)-based approaches that have been employed to measure children's neighborhood geographies for physical activity behaviors. Forty studies were included, most were conducted in the USA. Heterogeneity in GIS methods and measures was found. The majority of studies estimated children's environments using Euclidean or network buffers ranging from 100 m to 5 km. No singular approach to measuring children's physical activity geographies was identified as optimal. Geographic diversity in studies as well as increased use of measures of actual neighborhood exposure are needed. Improved consistency and transparency in reporting research methods is urgently required. Varied GIS measures of children's physical activity geographies were identified. Evidence was heterogeneous and predominantly from the USA. Most research used Euclidean or network buffers ranging from 100 m to 5 km. Larger buffer sizes (i.e., ≥800 m) performed better than smaller buffer sizes. No optimal approach to measuring children's activity geographies was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jianqiang Cui
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Erika Ikeda
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Jinfeng Zhao
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tiina E Rinne
- Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Niamh Donnellan
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Marketta Kyttä
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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19
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Molina-García J, Campos S, García-Massó X, Herrador-Colmenero M, Gálvez-Fernández P, Molina-Soberanes D, Queralt A, Chillón P. Different neighborhood walkability indexes for active commuting to school are necessary for urban and rural children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:124. [PMID: 32993682 PMCID: PMC7526424 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature focusing on youth has reported limited evidence and non-conclusive associations between neighborhood walkability measures and active commuting to and from school (ACS). Moreover, there is a lack of studies evaluating both macro- and micro-scale environmental factors of the neighborhood when ACS is analyzed. Likewise, most studies on built environment attributes and ACS focus on urban areas, whereas there is a lack of studies analyzing rural residential locations. Moreover, the relationship between built environment attributes and ACS may differ in children and adolescents. Hence, this study aimed to develop walkability indexes in relation to ACS for urban and rural children and adolescents, including both macro- and micro-scale school-neighborhood factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 4593 participants from Spain with a mean age of 12.2 (SD 3.6) years was carried out. Macro-scale environmental factors were evaluated using geographic information system data, and micro-scale factors were measured using observational procedures. Socio-demographic characteristics and ACS were assessed with a questionnaire. Several linear regression models were conducted, including all the possible combinations of six or less built environment factors in order to find the best walkability index. RESULTS Analyses showed that intersection density, number of four-way intersections, and residential density were positively related to ACS in urban participants, but negatively in rural participants. In rural children, positive streetscape characteristics, number of regulated crossings, traffic calming features, traffic lanes, and parking street buffers were also negatively related to ACS. In urban participants, other different factors were positively related to ACS: number of regulated crossings, positive streetscape characteristics, or crossing quality. Land use mix acted as a positive predictor only in urban adolescents. Distance to the school was a negative predictor on all the walkability indexes. However, aesthetic and social characteristics were not included in any of the indexes. CONCLUSIONS Interventions focusing on improving built environments to increase ACS behavior need to have a better understanding of the walkability components that are specifically relevant to urban or rural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sergio Campos
- Department of Urban and Spatial Planning, University of Granada, C/ Severo Ochoa, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Herrador-Colmenero
- "La Inmaculada" Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, C/ Joaquina Eguaras, 114, 18013, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Gálvez-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, PROFITH "Promoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Ctra. Alfacar, s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Molina-Soberanes
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Palma Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, PROFITH "Promoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Ctra. Alfacar, s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain
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20
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Carthy P, Lyons S, Nolan A. Characterising urban green space density and footpath-accessibility in models of BMI. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:760. [PMID: 32448211 PMCID: PMC7245785 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While exposure to urban green spaces has been associated with various physical health benefits, the evidence linking these spaces to lower BMI, particularly among older people, is mixed. We ask whether footpath availability, generally unobserved in the existing literature, may mediate exposure to urban green space and help explain this volatility in results. The aim of this study is to add to the literature on the association between urban green space and BMI by considering alternative measures of urban green space that incorporate measures of footpath availability. Methods We conduct a cross-sectional study combining data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and detailed land use information. We proxy respondents’ exposure to urban green spaces at their residential addresses using street-side and area buffers that take account of the presence of footpaths. Generalised linear models are used to test the association between exposure to several measures of urban green space and BMI. Results Relative to the third quintile, exposure to the lowest quintile of urban green space, as measured within a 1600 m footpath-accessible network buffer, is associated with slightly higher BMI (marginal effect: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.16–1.44). The results, however, are not robust to small changes in how green space is measured and no statistically significant association between urban green spaces and BMI is found under other variants of our regression model. Conclusion The relationship between urban green spaces and BMI among older adults is highly sensitive to the characterisation of local green space. Our results suggest that there are some unobserved factors other than footpath availability that mediate the relationship between urban green spaces and weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carthy
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson's Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Lyons
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson's Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anne Nolan
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson's Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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A GIS-Based Method for Analysing the Association Between School-Built Environment and Home-School Route Measures with Active Commuting to School in Urban Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072295. [PMID: 32235341 PMCID: PMC7177458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the current call for a greater human health and well-being as a sustainable development goal, to encourage active commuting to and from school (ACS) seems to be a key factor. Research focusing on the analysis of the association between environmental factors and ACS in children and adolescents has reported limited and inconclusive evidence, so more knowledge is needed about it. The main aim of this study is to examine the association between different built environmental factors of both school neighbourhood and home-school route with ACS of children and adolescents belonging to urban areas. The ACS level was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. Built environment variables (i.e., density of residents, street connectivity and mixed land use) within a school catchment area and home-school route characteristics (i.e., distance and pedestrian route directness—PRD) were measured using a geographic information system (GIS) and examined together with ACS levels. Subsequently, the association between environmental factors and ACS was analysed by binary logistic regression. Several cut-off points of the route measures were explored using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In addition, the PRD was further studied regarding different thresholds. The results showed that 70.5% of the participants were active and there were significant associations between most environmental factors and ACS. Most participants walked to school when routes were short (distance variable in children: OR = 0.980; p = 0.038; and adolescents: OR = 0.866; p < 0.001) and partially direct (PRD variable in children: OR = 11.334; p < 0.001; and adolescents: OR = 3.513; p < 0.001), the latter specially for children. Mixed land uses (OR = 2.037; p < 0.001) and a high density of street intersections (OR = 1.640; p < 0.001) clearly encouraged adolescents walking and slightly discouraged children walking (OR = 0.657, p = 0.010; and OR = 0.692, p = 0.025, respectively). The assessment of ACS together with the environmental factors using GIS separately for children and adolescents can inform future friendly and sustainable communities.
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Nordbø ECA, Nordh H, Raanaas RK, Aamodt G. Promoting activity participation and well-being among children and adolescents. JBI Evid Synth 2020; 18:370-458. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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The neighborhood social environment and physical activity: a systematic scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:124. [PMID: 31815626 PMCID: PMC6902518 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the association of the neighborhood social environment on physical activity is complex. A systematic scoping review was performed to (1) provide an inventory of studies assessing the influence of the neighborhood social environment on physical activity since 2006; (2) describe methodologies employed; and (3) formulate recommendations for the field. METHODS Two databases were searched using terms related to 'physical activity,' 'neighborhood,' and 'social environment' in January 2017. Eligibility criteria included: 1) physical activity as an outcome; 2) neighborhood social environment as a predictor; 3) healthy population (without diagnosed clinical condition or special population); 4) observational or experimental design. Of 1352 studies identified, 181 were included. Textual data relevant to the social environment measurement and analysis were extracted from each article into qualitative software (MAXQDA) and coded to identify social environmental constructs, measurement methods, level of measurement (individual vs. aggregated to neighborhood), and whether authors explicitly recognized the construct as the social environment. The following measures were generated for each construct: number of unique measurements; % of times measured at an aggregate level; % of times authors referred to the construct as the social environment. Social environmental constructs were then grouped into larger descriptive dimensions. RESULTS/FINDINGS Fifty-nine social environmental constructs were identified and grouped into 9 dimensions: Crime & Safety (n = 133 studies; included in 73% of studies); Economic & Social Disadvantage (n = 55, 33%); Social Cohesion & Capital (n = 47, 26%); Social Relationships (n = 22, 12%); Social Environment (n = 16, 9%); Disorder & Incivilities (n = 15, 8%); Sense of Place/Belonging (n = 8, 4%); Discrimination/Segregation (n = 3, 2%); Civic Participation & Engagement (n = 2, 1%). Across all articles, the social environment was measured using 176 different methods, was measured at an aggregate-level 38% of the time, and referred to as the social environment 23% of the time. CONCLUSIONS Inconsistent terminology, definitions, and measurement of the social environment and the lack of explicit language identifying constructs as the social environment make it challenging to compare results across studies and draw conclusions. Improvements are needed to increase our understanding of social environmental correlates and/or determinants of physical activity and facilitate cross-disciplinary conversations necessary to effectively intervene to promote physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017059580.
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Nordbø ECA, Raanaas RK, Nordh H, Aamodt G. Neighborhood green spaces, facilities and population density as predictors of activity participation among 8-year-olds: a cross-sectional GIS study based on the Norwegian mother and child cohort study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1426. [PMID: 31666049 PMCID: PMC6822450 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapidly growing body of research suggests that qualities of the built environment can promote active living among children and youth. Nevertheless, shortcomings in the current evidence for understanding which built environment characteristics provide opportunities for taking part in activities in childhood remain. This study aimed to examine whether population density, green spaces, and facilities/amenities are associated with participation in leisure-time physical activity (PA), organized activities, and social activities with friends and peers in Norwegian 8-year-olds. METHODS Data from a sample of 23,043 children from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) were linked with geospatial data about the built environment. The questionnaire data reported by mothers provided information on the children's leisure activities. We computed exposure to neighborhood population density and access to green spaces and facilities/amenities within 800- and 5000-m radii of the participants' home addresses using geographic information systems. Associations were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS We found beneficial associations between having a park within 800-m and more leisure-time PA during the summer. Furthermore, children living in neighborhoods with higher proportions of green space participated in more PA during the winter. More densely populated areas and access to facilities were associated with participation in organized and social activities. Specifically, we observed that more playgrounds/sport fields in the neighborhood were the strongest and most consistent correlate of activity participation in Norwegian 8-year-olds by being related to more socialization with friends and peers. CONCLUSION This population-based study underscores the importance of access to a variety of venues and opportunities for different activities in the immediate neighborhood surroundings and in the greater community to support participation in physical activity and organized and social activities in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Charlott Andersson Nordbø
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
- The Centre for Evidence-Based Public Health, A Joanna Briggs Institutes Affiliated Group, Ås, Norway
| | - Ruth Kjærsti Raanaas
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
- The Centre for Evidence-Based Public Health, A Joanna Briggs Institutes Affiliated Group, Ås, Norway
| | - Helena Nordh
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Geir Aamodt
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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Evidence of Green Areas, Cycle Infrastructure and Attractive Destinations Working Together in Development on Urban Cycling. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11174730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The built environment influences and promotes cycling that has now become a challenge for sustainable urban mobility in many cities where this mode of transport carries little weight. This is the case for Granada (Spain), a medium-sized city in southern Europe, which as a university city and with lots of green areas, could find potential supportive factors to promote cycling. Website-apps with a Global Positioning System (GPS), such as Ciclogreen that encourage active accessibility try to promote cycling and are supported by the University of Granada. The aim of this work is to assess the capacity of green areas and some influential factors of their built environment to attract cycling routes. To this end, a spatial analysis was made and interpreted by a statistical model to check the correlation between these factors and a high number of cycling routes through or near the green areas. The results show a high number of cycling routes within urban surroundings that include green areas, cycle lanes, university facilities, and public car parks in proximity relationships. Identifying synergies among these urban factors and the information and incentive coming from a digital catalyst in shape on an app could be useful in urban planning for cycling.
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Ecological correlates of activity-related behavior typologies among adolescents. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1041. [PMID: 31376838 PMCID: PMC6679435 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents engage in various combinations (typologies) of physical activity and sedentary behaviors, which impact their health and wellbeing in different ways. As such, there is a need to understand the factors that may inhibit or facilitate engagement in combinations of activity-related behaviors to help inform effective intervention strategies targeting those most in need. The aim of this study was to identify ecological correlates of adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior typologies. Methods Cross-sectional study of 473 adolescents (15.0 ± 1.6 years, 41.4% boys) from 18 secondary schools in Melbourne, Australia. Intrapersonal, interpersonal and neighborhood-physical environmental factors were assessed via self-report surveys and Geographic Information Systems. Multinomial logistic regression models determined the relative risk ratio of membership of three homogenous activity-related behavior typologies based on the potential correlates. Results Higher levels of self-efficacy for physical activity, parental screen-time restriction rules, parental support for physical activity, sibling screen-time co-participation and perceptions of neighborhood pedestrian/traffic safety were associated with greater likelihood of adolescents being in the typology defined as highly active and low sedentary compared to the physically inactive, highly sedentary typology. Higher frequency of co-participation in screen-time with friends was associated with greater likelihood of adolescents being in the typology defined as moderately active, high screen-time compared to physically inactive, highly sedentary. Conclusions A range of intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental correlates appear to play a role in adolescent activity-related typology membership. The findings may inform public health interventions targeting unique adolescent subgroups most at risk of poor health outcomes based on their engagement in combinations of activity-related behaviors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7386-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Mavoa S, Bagheri N, Koohsari MJ, Kaczynski AT, Lamb KE, Oka K, O'Sullivan D, Witten K. How Do Neighbourhood Definitions Influence the Associations between Built Environment and Physical Activity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091501. [PMID: 31035336 PMCID: PMC6540146 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Researchers investigating relationships between the neighbourhood environment and health first need to decide on the spatial extent of the neighbourhood they are interested in. This decision is an important and ongoing methodological challenge since different methods of defining and delineating neighbourhood boundaries can produce different results. This paper explores this issue in the context of a New Zealand-based study of the relationship between the built environment and multiple measures of physical activity. Geographic information systems were used to measure three built environment attributes-dwelling density, street connectivity, and neighbourhood destination accessibility-using seven different neighbourhood definitions (three administrative unit boundaries, and 500, 800, 1000- and 1500-m road network buffers). The associations between the three built environment measures and five measures of physical activity (mean accelerometer counts per hour, percentage time in moderate-vigorous physical activity, self-reported walking for transport, self-reported walking for recreation and self-reported walking for all purposes) were modelled for each neighbourhood definition. The combination of the choice of neighbourhood definition, built environment measure, and physical activity measure determined whether evidence of an association was detected or not. Results demonstrated that, while there was no single ideal neighbourhood definition, the built environment was most consistently associated with a range of physical activity measures when the 800-m and 1000-m road network buffers were used. For the street connectivity and destination accessibility measures, associations with physical activity were less likely to be detected at smaller scales (less than 800 m). In line with some previous research, this study demonstrated that the choice of neighbourhood definition can influence whether or not an association between the built environment and adults' physical activity is detected or not. This study additionally highlighted the importance of the choice of built environment attribute and physical activity measures. While we identified the 800-m and 1000-m road network buffers as the neighbourhood definitions most consistently associated with a range of physical activity measures, it is important that researchers carefully consider the most appropriate type of neighbourhood definition and scale for the particular aim and participants, especially at smaller scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Mavoa
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, P.O. Box 6137, Auckland 1141, New Zealand.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Nasser Bagheri
- The Visualisation and Decision Analytics (VIDEA) lab, Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Mohammad J Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Karen E Lamb
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
| | - David O'Sullivan
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Karen Witten
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, P.O. Box 6137, Auckland 1141, New Zealand.
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Molina-García J, García-Massó X, Estevan I, Queralt A. Built Environment, Psychosocial Factors and Active Commuting to School in Adolescents: Clustering a Self-Organizing Map Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:E83. [PMID: 30597975 PMCID: PMC6339221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the built environment and certain psychosocial factors are related to adolescents' active commuting to and from school (ACS), their interrelationships have not been explored in depth. This study describes these interrelationships and behavioral profiles via a self-organizing map (SOM) analysis. The sample comprised 465 adolescents from the IPEN (International Physical Activity and the Environment Network) Adolescent study in Valencia, Spain. ACS, barriers to ACS, physical self-efficacy, social support and sociodemographics were measured by questionnaire. Street-network distance to school, net residential density and street intersection density were calculated from the Geographic Information System. The clustering of the SOM outcomes resulted in eight areas or clusters. The clusters which correspond to the lowest and highest ACS levels were then explored in depth. The lowest ACS levels presented interactions between the less supportive built environments (i.e., low levels of residential density and street connectivity in the neighborhood and greater distances to school) and unfavorable psychosocial variables (i.e., low values of physical self-efficacy and medium social support for ACS) and good access to private motorized transport at home. The adolescents with the lowest ACS values exhibited high ACS environment/safety and planning/psychosocial barrier values. Future interventions should be designed to encourage ACS and change multiple levels of influence, such as individual, psychosocial and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- HUMAG research group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Sato H, Inoue S, Fukushima N, Kikuchi H, Takamiya T, Tudor-Locke C, Hikihara Y, Tanaka S. Lower youth steps/day values observed at both high and low population density areas: a cross-sectional study in metropolitan Tokyo. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1132. [PMID: 30236088 PMCID: PMC6149053 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity among children and adolescents (collectively, youth) is important to ensure adult health. Population density is a factor that affects physical activity via various environmental factors. However, the relationship between population density and physical activity among youth is not fully understood, especially in extremely high density area. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between population density and physical activity of youth using pedometer-determined step data. Methods A total of 13,688 youth between 6 to 15 years of age were identified from the 2011 Tokyo Metropolitan Survey of Physical Fitness, Physical Activity and Lifestyle. Participants were divided into five subgroups according to the population density of their municipality of residence. The population density’s fixed effects on in-school, out-of-school, and daily total step count adjusted for gender and school grade were estimated. Results The lowest (< 2500 people/km2) and highest (> 10,000 people/km2) population density subgroups had significantly lower daily total step count and out-of-school step count than those of the reference population (5000–7500 people/km2). In contrast, in-school step count did not significantly differ according to population density. Conclusions Both low population density and also high population density were related to lower step count. Low physical activity in high density areas has not been well documented in previous research. Considering population growth in urbanized area globally, these results suggest the importance of continued research of physical activity determinants in high population density areas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6028-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.,Oita Oka Hospital, 3-7-11 Nishitsurusaki, Oita, Oita, 870-0192, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Noritoshi Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takamiya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Yuki Hikihara
- Faculty of Creative Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Shibazono, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0023, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
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Hinckson E, Cerin E, Mavoa S, Smith M, Badland H, Stewart T, Duncan S, Schofield G. Associations of the perceived and objective neighborhood environment with physical activity and sedentary time in New Zealand adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:145. [PMID: 29065897 PMCID: PMC5655834 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is accumulating evidence supporting the association between neighborhood built environments and adults’ physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST); however, few studies have investigated these associations in adolescents. A better understanding of the features of the built environment that encourage PA or ST is therefore of critical importance to promote health and wellbeing in adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations of GIS-determined and perceived walkability components in individual residential buffer zones with accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and ST in adolescents. Methods The Built Environment in Adolescent New Zealanders (BEANZ) study was conducted in two cities (Auckland and Wellington) during the 2013-2014 academic school years. The exposure measures were subjective and objective environmental indices of activity-friendliness using four residential buffers. Road network buffers were calculated around participant’s residential addresses using the sausage buffer approach at 250 m, 500 m, 1 km, and 2 km scales. A 25 m radius was used for the buffers. Data were analysed using Generalized Additive Mixed Models in R. Results Data were analysed from 524 participants (15.78 ± 1.62 years; 45% male). Participants accumulated ~114 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ~354 min/day of ST during accelerometer wear-time (~828 min/day). The estimated difference in MVPA between participants with the 1st and 3rd quartiles observed values on the composite subjective environmental index of activity-friendliness (perceived land use mix - diversity, street connectivity and aesthetics) was equivalent to ~8 min/day (~56 MVPA min/week) and for the objective environmental index of activity-friendliness (gross residential density and number of parks within 2 km distance from home) was ~6 min of MVPA/day (~45 MVPA min/week). When both indices were entered in a main-effect model, both indices remained significantly correlated with MVPA with sex as a moderator. The predicted difference in sedentary time between those with the minimum and maximum observed values on the subjective index of non-sedentariness was ~20 min/day. Conclusions The combined assessment of the main effects of subjective and objective indices of activity-friendliness on NZ adolescents’ PA and ST showed positive relationships with MVPA for the subjective index only. The subjective index was a significant correlate of PA in both girls and boys, while the objective index was significant only in boys when sex was entered as a moderator. Further research is warranted to understand the relationships of ST with the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hinckson
- Auckland University of Technology, Human Potential Centre, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Auckland University of Technology, Centre for Child Health Research, Institute of Public and Mental Health Research, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hannah Badland
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom Stewart
- Auckland University of Technology, Human Potential Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Scott Duncan
- Auckland University of Technology, Human Potential Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Grant Schofield
- Auckland University of Technology, Human Potential Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chambers T, Pearson AL, Kawachi I, Rzotkiewicz Z, Stanley J, Smith M, Barr M, Ni Mhurchu C, Signal L. Kids in space: Measuring children's residential neighborhoods and other destinations using activity space GPS and wearable camera data. Soc Sci Med 2017; 193:41-50. [PMID: 28992540 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Defining the boundary of children's 'neighborhoods' has important implications for understanding the contextual influences on child health. Additionally, insight into activities that occur outside people's neighborhoods may indicate exposures that place-based studies cannot detect. This study aimed to 1) extend current neighborhood research, using data from wearable cameras and GPS devices that were worn over several days in an urban setting; 2) define the boundary of children's neighborhoods by using leisure time activity space data; and 3) determine the destinations visited by children in their leisure time, outside their neighborhoods. METHOD One hundred and fourteen children (mean age 12y) from Wellington, New Zealand wore wearable cameras and GPS recorders. Residential Euclidean buffers at incremental distances were paired with GPS data (thereby identifying time spent in different places) to explore alternative definitions of neighborhood boundaries. Children's neighborhood boundary was at 500 m. A newly developed software application was used to identify 'destinations' visited outside the neighborhood by specifying space-time parameters. Image data from wearable cameras were used to determine the type of destination. RESULTS Children spent over half of their leisure time within 500 m of their homes. Children left their neighborhood predominantly to visit school (for leisure purposes), other residential locations (e.g. to visit friends) and food retail outlets (e.g. convenience stores, fast food outlets). Children spent more time at food retail outlets than at structured sport and in outdoor recreation locations combined. CONCLUSION Person-centered neighborhood definitions may serve to better represent children's everyday experiences and neighborhood exposures than previous methods based on place-based measures. As schools and other residential locations (friends and family) are important destinations outside the neighborhood, such destinations should be taken into account. The combination of image data and activity space GPS data provides a more robust approach to understanding children's neighborhoods and activity spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chambers
- Health Promotion & Policy Research Unit, University of Otago, PO BOX 7343, Wellington South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Avenue, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - A L Pearson
- Health Promotion & Policy Research Unit, University of Otago, PO BOX 7343, Wellington South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand; Department of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, 673 Auditorium Road, East Lansing, MI, 48825, USA
| | - I Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Avenue, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Z Rzotkiewicz
- Department of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, 673 Auditorium Road, East Lansing, MI, 48825, USA
| | - J Stanley
- Health Promotion & Policy Research Unit, University of Otago, PO BOX 7343, Wellington South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - M Smith
- Health Promotion & Policy Research Unit, University of Otago, PO BOX 7343, Wellington South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - M Barr
- Health Promotion & Policy Research Unit, University of Otago, PO BOX 7343, Wellington South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - C Ni Mhurchu
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, 261 Morrin Road, Glen Innes, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand
| | - L Signal
- Health Promotion & Policy Research Unit, University of Otago, PO BOX 7343, Wellington South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
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Browning M, Lee K. Within What Distance Does "Greenness" Best Predict Physical Health? A Systematic Review of Articles with GIS Buffer Analyses across the Lifespan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMID: 28644420 PMCID: PMC5551113 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Is the amount of "greenness" within a 250-m, 500-m, 1000-m or a 2000-m buffer surrounding a person's home a good predictor of their physical health? The evidence is inconclusive. We reviewed Web of Science articles that used geographic information system buffer analyses to identify trends between physical health, greenness, and distance within which greenness is measured. Our inclusion criteria were: (1) use of buffers to estimate residential greenness; (2) statistical analyses that calculated significance of the greenness-physical health relationship; and (3) peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2007 and 2017. To capture multiple findings from a single article, we selected our unit of inquiry as the analysis, not the article. Our final sample included 260 analyses in 47 articles. All aspects of the review were in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Analyses were independently judged as more, less, or least likely to be biased based on the inclusion of objective health measures and income/education controls. We found evidence that larger buffer sizes, up to 2000 m, better predicted physical health than smaller ones. We recommend that future analyses use nested rather than overlapping buffers to evaluate to what extent greenness not immediately around a person's home (i.e., within 1000-2000 m) predicts physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Browning
- Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Kangjae Lee
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA.
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Duncan SC, Strycker LA, Chaumeton NR, Cromley EK. Relations of Neighborhood Environment Influences, Physical Activity, and Active Transportation to/from School across African American, Latino American, and White Girls in the United States. Int J Behav Med 2016; 23:153-61. [PMID: 26377829 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood environment influences may be particularly important for understanding physical activity (PA) patterns across ethnic subgroups of early adolescent girls. PURPOSE This study examined relationships between neighborhood variables, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and active transportation to/from school across African American, Latino American, and White early adolescent girls living in an urban/suburban community in the northwestern U.S.A. Relations between the neighborhood variables across ethnic groups also were examined. METHOD The sample comprised 372 African American, Latino American, and White girls living in the U.S.A. (mean age = 12.06 years; SD = 1.69). RESULTS Data were analyzed using multiple-sample structural equation modeling. Results showed that girls' MVPA was positively related to physical activity facility accessibility and negatively related to age. Active transport was positively related to physical activity facility accessibility, neighborhood walkability, and age, and negatively related to distance to the nearest school and household income. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of both perceived and objective neighborhood influences on girls' MVPA and active transport. Consistencies in findings across African American, Latino American, and White girls suggest that neighborhood-level PA promotion has the potential for broad impact across all three ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Duncan
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403-2536, USA.
| | - Lisa A Strycker
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403-2536, USA.
| | - Nigel R Chaumeton
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403-2536, USA.
| | - Ellen K Cromley
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-6325, USA.
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Durand CP, Oluyomi AO, Gabriel KP, Salvo D, Sener IN, Hoelscher DM, Knell G, Tang X, Porter AK, Robertson MC, Kohl HW. The Effect of Light Rail Transit on Physical Activity: Design and Methods of the Travel-Related Activity in Neighborhoods Study. Front Public Health 2016; 4:103. [PMID: 27376051 PMCID: PMC4899453 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of mass transit has been proposed as a way to incorporate regular physical activity into daily life because transit use typically requires additional travel to access and depart the stop or station. If this additional travel is active, a small but potentially important amount of physical activity can be achieved daily. Although prior research has shown that transit use is associated with physical activity, important questions remain unanswered. Utilizing a major expansion of the Houston, TX, USA light-rail system as a natural experiment, the Houston Travel-Related Activity in Neighborhoods (TRAIN) Study was developed to address these unanswered questions. Purpose The purpose of the TRAIN Study is to determine if the development of light-rail lines in Houston, TX, USA will prospectively affect both transit use and physical activity over 4 years. We also aim to understand how contextual effects (i.e., moderators or interaction effects), such as the neighborhood built environment and socioeconomic factors, affect the primary relations under study. Methods The TRAIN Study is a longitudinal cohort design, in which participants are recruited at baseline from a 3-mile buffer around each of the three new lines and measured annually four times. Recruitment is accomplished via telephone contact, ads in newspapers and advertising circulars, and targeted community outreach. Data are collected via mail and include questionnaire-assessed factors, such as perceived neighborhood characteristics, attitudes about transportation, demographics, and reported physical activity; a travel diary; and accelerometry. Additionally, field-based neighborhood audits are conducted to capture micro-scale environmental features. To assess macro-scale environmental characteristics, we utilize GIS mapping and spatial analyses. Statistical analyses will be conducted using latent growth curve modeling and discrete choice models, with a focus on identifying moderating factors (i.e., statistical interaction effects). Selection bias will be controlled via propensity score analysis. Conclusion The TRAIN study is a unique opportunity to study how a multi-billion dollar investment in mass transit can simultaneously affect transportation needs and physical activity behavior. This comprehensive evaluation will provide needed evidence for policy makers, and can inform health impact assessments of future transportation projects around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey P Durand
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA; Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Abiodun O Oluyomi
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health , Austin, TX , USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ipek N Sener
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute , Austin, TX , USA
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gregory Knell
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA; Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anna K Porter
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael C Robertson
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA; Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Harold W Kohl
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Built Environment Influences of Children's Physical Activity: Examining Differences by Neighbourhood Size and Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13010130. [PMID: 26784212 PMCID: PMC4730521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neighbourhoods can facilitate or constrain moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children by providing or restricting opportunities for MVPA. However, there is no consensus on how to define a child’s neighbourhood. This study examines the influence of the neighbourhood built environment on objectively measured MVPA among 435 children (aged 9–14 years) in London (ON, Canada). As there is no consensus on how to delineate a child’s neighbourhood, a geographic information system was used to generate measures of the neighbourhood built environment at two buffer sizes (500 m and 800 m) around each child’s home. Linear regression models with robust standard errors (cluster) were used to analyze the relationship between built environment characteristics and average daily MVPA during non-school hours on weekdays. Sex-stratified models assessed sex-specific relationships. When accounting for individual and neighbourhood socio-demographic variables, park space and multi-use path space were found to influence children’s MVPA. Sex-stratified models found significant associations between MVPA and park space, with the 800 m buffer best explaining boys’ MVPA and the 500 m buffer best explaining girls’ MVPA. Findings emphasize that, when designing built environments, programs, and policies to facilitate physical activity, it is important to consider that the size of the neighbourhood influencing a child’s physical activity may differ according to sex.
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Garcia-Cervantes L, Rodríguez-Romo G, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Delgado-Alfonso Á, Castro-Piñero J, Veiga ÓL. Perceived environment in relation to objective and self-reported physical activity in Spanish youth. The UP&DOWN study. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1423-9. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Oliver M, Mavoa S, Badland H, Parker K, Donovan P, Kearns RA, Lin EY, Witten K. Associations between the neighbourhood built environment and out of school physical activity and active travel: An examination from the Kids in the City study. Health Place 2015; 36:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with long-term benefits for health and tracks from early childhood into later adolescence. Limited information exists about factors influencing physical activity among Latino preschoolers. We aimed to identify correlates of objectively measured light-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity as a proportion of wear time (% PA) in Latino 3-5 year olds. METHODS Latino preschoolers (n = 96) were recruited from Head Start centers in Houston, TX, USA, from 2009 to 2010. Sociodemographics, anthropometrics, acculturation, neighborhood disorder, and TV viewing were measured. Actigraph GT1M accelerometers measured physical activity. Block linear regression was used with % PA as the dependent variable. RESULTS Children achieved 285.7 ± 58.0 min/day of PA. In the final adjusted-model, child age, parental education and neighborhood disorder were positively associated with % PA (beta = 0.33, p = .002; beta = 0.25, p = .038; beta = 0.22, p = .039, respectively). TV viewing was inversely associated with % PA (beta=-0.23, p = .027). CONCLUSION The majority of Latino preschoolers in our study exceeded US national and international guidelines of physical activity duration. Future interventions to sustain physical activity should focus on the influence of age, socioeconomic status, neighborhood disorder, and TV viewing on Latino preschoolers' attainment of physical activity.
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Roberts JD, Ray R, Biles AD, Knight B, Saelens BE. Built environment and active play among Washington DC metropolitan children: A protocol for a cross-sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 73:22. [PMID: 25992286 PMCID: PMC4436840 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-015-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Research has demonstrated that children who participate in active play are more likely to be physically active, thereby improving long-term health outcomes. Many adult studies have also shown that neighborhood built environments can encourage or discourage routine physical activity. Limited evidence has demonstrated that children who reside in neighborhoods with a built environment that is more inviting to active play exhibit lower overweight and obesity rates as well as an overall better state of well-being. This Built Environment and Active Play (BEAP) Study aims to develop a neighborhood playability rating system in the Washington, DC (DMV) area. Similar to walkability scores, these playability scores will estimate how affable a neighborhood is to active play. The BEAP Study will attempt to provide a broad view of factors influencing the level and type of active play among children. Methods/Design Using a cross-sectional design, the BEAP Study will collect data using a mail questionnaire administered to the parents and/or guardians of 2000 children aged 7-12 years residing in select DMV areas in October of 2014. Questionnaire data, including information on active play, home and neighborhood characteristics, parental perceptions, and sociodemographic characteristics will be merged through a geographic information system (GIS) with objective built environment measures in the participants’ neighborhoods. An ordered logit model will be used to regress an ordinal active play outcome on built environment exposure variables while adjusting for potential confounders. Upon the construction of the final model, predictor coefficients will be used as parameters in the scoring system to develop neighborhood playability scores. Discussion The BEAP Study intends to generate a neighborhood playability index by characterizing and quantifying children’s active play using parent-reported physical activity data in children, GIS data and built environment measures in participant neighborhoods. The BEAP Study will improve our understanding of the built environment and childhood playability relationship while also contributing to the body of evidence-based built environment and physical activity research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13690-015-0070-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Roberts
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Rashawn Ray
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Brandon Knight
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
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