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Goodman N, Wise FA, Hyseni F, Gilbert L, Blanck P. Disability Inclusion in Corporate Supplier Diversity Initiatives. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024; 34:373-386. [PMID: 38578602 PMCID: PMC11180083 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the 1960s, federal and state governments and private-sector companies have used supplier diversity initiatives to ensure their supply chains include businesses owned by traditionally economically disadvantaged or underrepresented groups. Originally concentrated on racial and ethnic minority groups, programs have expanded to include businesses owned by women, veterans, LGBTQ+ individuals, and, in some cases, people with disabilities. This study investigates the extent to which disability is included in supplier diversity initiatives of Fortune 500 companies. METHODS This paper uses a novel data set created by the authors with information on supplier diversity initiatives and Disability, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) statements in Fortune 500 companies extracted from public sources. This information is combined with data from Compustat, a corporate financial database published by Standard and Poor's and additional variables from other sources. RESULTS 75% of the Fortune 500 companies have supplier diversity programs that express a commitment to diversity yet only 49% of those with such programs include disability-owned businesses (38% of all Fortune 500 companies). Among the largest 100 companies, 89% had supplier diversity programs that included disability, almost 6 times the rate Ball et al. reported in 2005. This study finds disability inclusion varies significantly by company size, industry, and whether the company is a government contractor. CONCLUSION Despite the growth in disability inclusion, the absence of disability as a diversity category in regulations mandating supplier diversity initiatives for government contractors impacts disability inclusion. If we want to align our supplier diversity programs with the Americans with Disabilities Act, the first step is to address the issue in the Small Business Administration and federal contracting requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Goodman
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | | | - Fitore Hyseni
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Peter Blanck
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Banaru D, Boyd D, Halevy M, Oliver A, Orsat-Parker K, Brien M, Krishna D, Coutinho F, Ogourtsova T. Social capital of families of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in South India. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38698550 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the social capital of families with children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in South India receiving a community-based early intervention (Enabling Inclusion®) program and to explore determinants and associations between social capital and program duration, socio-demographic factors, family empowerment, and caregiver burden. METHOD Using purposive sampling in a cross-sectional study design, 217 families (n = 71 received short Enabling Inclusion [<5 months]; n = 146 received long Enabling Inclusion [>9 months]) were recruited and completed the Short Adapted Social Capital Tool (SASCAT: cognitive, structural), measures of family empowerment, and caregiver strain. Descriptive statistics, regression, and correlations were used for analyses. RESULTS In 52.1% of participants, low cognitive and structural social capital was observed. Higher odds of low structural social capital were observed for mothers with primary versus secondary education (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.90; p = 0.029); and caregivers of children with cerebral palsy versus autism (OR = 4.66; 95% CI 1.02-21.21; p = 0.046). Significant associations were found between structural social capital, the child's age, and support group membership (χ2 = 6.29; 4.70; degrees of freedom [df] = 2; 1; p = 0.04; p = 0.02 respectively), as well as between cognitive social capital and other disability in the family (χ2 = 4.62, df = 1, p = 0.03). INTERPRETATION While program duration was not found to mediate social capital, mother's education and child's diagnosis emerged as key influential factors, warranting their consideration in interventions supporting families of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in low- and-middle-income countries and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Banaru
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dana Boyd
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Halevy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Angel Oliver
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kayla Orsat-Parker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Brien
- Enabling Inclusion Program, Amar Seva Sangam, Ayikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Krishna
- Enabling Inclusion Program, Amar Seva Sangam, Ayikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Franzina Coutinho
- Enabling Inclusion Program, Amar Seva Sangam, Ayikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Research Center - RESI ALLIANT KID Laboratory, site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Ogourtsova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Research Center - RESI ALLIANT KID Laboratory, site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
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Hoffman KL, Milazzo F, Williams NT, Samples H, Olfson M, Diaz I, Doan L, Cerda M, Crystal S, Rudolph KE. Independent and joint contributions of physical disability and chronic pain to incident opioid use disorder and opioid overdose among Medicaid patients. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1419-1430. [PMID: 37974483 PMCID: PMC10994776 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172300332x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain has been extensively explored as a risk factor for opioid misuse, resulting in increased focus on opioid prescribing practices for individuals with such conditions. Physical disability sometimes co-occurs with chronic pain but may also represent an independent risk factor for opioid misuse. However, previous research has not disentangled whether disability contributes to risk independent of chronic pain. METHODS Here, we estimate the independent and joint adjusted associations between having a physical disability and co-occurring chronic pain condition at time of Medicaid enrollment on subsequent 18-month risk of incident opioid use disorder (OUD) and non-fatal, unintentional opioid overdose among non-elderly, adult Medicaid beneficiaries (2016-2019). RESULTS We find robust evidence that having a physical disability approximately doubles the risk of incident OUD or opioid overdose, and physical disability co-occurring with chronic pain increases the risks approximately sixfold as compared to having neither chronic pain nor disability. In absolute numbers, those with neither a physical disability nor chronic pain condition have a 1.8% adjusted risk of incident OUD over 18 months of follow-up, those with physical disability alone have an 2.9% incident risk, those with chronic pain alone have a 3.6% incident risk, and those with co-occurring physical disability and chronic pain have a 11.1% incident risk. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that those with a physical disability should receive increased attention from the medical and healthcare communities to reduce their risk of opioid misuse and attendant negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Floriana Milazzo
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Nicholas T. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | | | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Ivan Diaz
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Lisa Doan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kara E. Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
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Tam LM, Hocker K, David T, Williams EM. The Influence of Social Dynamics on Biological Aging and the Health of Historically Marginalized Populations: A Biopsychosocial Model for Health Disparities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:554. [PMID: 38791769 PMCID: PMC11121718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Historically marginalized populations are susceptible to social isolation resulting from their unique social dynamics; thus, they incur a higher risk of developing chronic diseases across the course of life. Research has suggested that the cumulative effect of aging trajectories per se, across the lifespan, determines later-in-life disease risks. Emerging evidence has shown the biopsychosocial effects of social stress and social support on one's wellbeing in terms of inflammation. Built upon previous multidisciplinary findings, here, we provide an overarching model that explains how the social dynamics of marginalized populations shape their rate of biological aging through the inflammatory process. Under the framework of social stress and social support theories, this model aims to facilitate our understanding of the biopsychosocial impacts of social dynamics on the wellbeing of historically marginalized individuals, with a special emphasis on biological aging. We leverage this model to advance our mechanistic understanding of the health disparity observed in historically marginalized populations and inform future remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Ming Tam
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Kristin Hocker
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Tamala David
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
- Department of Nursing, State University of New York Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
| | - Edith Marie Williams
- Office of Health Equity Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester, 46 Prince St Ste 1001, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
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Bishop GM, Llewellyn G, Kavanagh AM, Badland H, Bailie J, Stancliffe R, Emerson E, Fortune N, Aitken Z. Disability-related inequalities in the prevalence of loneliness across the lifespan: trends from Australia, 2003 to 2020. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:621. [PMID: 38413942 PMCID: PMC10898179 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiencing loneliness can be distressing and increasing evidence indicates that being lonely is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that people with disability have increased risk of experiencing loneliness compared to people without disability. However, we do not know if these inequalities have changed over time. This study investigated the prevalence of loneliness for people with disability in Australia annually from 2003 to 2020 to examine whether disability-related inequalities in loneliness have changed over time, and disaggregated results for subgroups of people with disability by age group, sex, and disability group. METHODS We used annual data (2003-2020) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Loneliness was measured by a single question assessing the subjective experience of loneliness. For each wave, we calculated population-weighted age-standardised estimates of the proportion of people experiencing loneliness for people with and without disability. We then calculated the absolute and relative inequalities in loneliness between people with and without disability for each wave. Analyses were stratified by 10-year age groups, sex, and disability group (sensory or speech, physical, intellectual or learning, psychological, brain injury or stroke, other). RESULTS From 2003 to 2020, the prevalence of loneliness was greater for people with disability, such that people with disability were 1.5 to 1.9 times more likely to experience loneliness than people without disability. While the prevalence of loneliness decreased for people without disability between 2003 and 2020, the prevalence of loneliness did not decrease for people with disability during this period. Inequalities in loneliness were more substantial for people with intellectual or learning disabilities, psychological disability, and brain injury or stroke. CONCLUSION This study confirms that people with disability have increased risk of loneliness compared to people without disability. We add to the existing evidence by demonstrating that disability-related inequalities in loneliness have persisted for two decades in Australia without improvement. Our findings indicate that addressing inequalities in loneliness for people with disability is a critical public health concern given that loneliness is associated with a wide range of poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda M Bishop
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Gwynnyth Llewellyn
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anne M Kavanagh
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hannah Badland
- Social and Global Studies Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jodie Bailie
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Roger Stancliffe
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Nicola Fortune
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Rashmi R, Mohanty SK. Socioeconomic and geographic variations of disabilities in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey, 2019-21. Int J Health Geogr 2024; 23:4. [PMID: 38369479 PMCID: PMC10874552 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-024-00363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing disability is of global and national concern. Lack of evidence on disability across socioeconomic groups and geographic levels (especially small areas) impeded interventions for these disadvantaged subgroups. We aimed to examine the socioeconomic and geographic variations in disabilities, namely hearing, speech, visual, mental, and locomotor, in Indian participants using cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey 2019-2021. METHODS Using data from 27,93,971 individuals, we estimated age-sex-adjusted disability rates at the national and sub-national levels. The extent of socioeconomic variations in disabilities was explored using the Erreygers Concentration Index and presented graphically through a concentration curve. We adopted a four-level random intercept logit model to compute the variance partitioning coefficient (VPC) to assess the significance of each geographical unit in total variability. We also calculated precision-weighted disability estimates of individuals across 707 districts and showed their correlation with within-district or between-cluster standard deviation. RESULTS We estimated the prevalence of any disability of 10 per 1000 population. The locomotor disability was common, followed by mental, speech, hearing, and visual. The concentration index of each type of disability was highest in the poorest wealth quintile households and illiterate 18 + individuals, confirming higher socioeconomic variations in disability rates. Clusters share the largest source of geographic variation for any disability (6.5%), hearing (5.8%), visual (24.3%), and locomotor (17.4%). However, States/Union Territories (UTs) account for the highest variation in speech (3.7%) and mental (6.5%) disabilities, where the variation at the cluster level becomes negligible. Districts with the highest disability rates were clustered in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Punjab. Further, we found positive correlations between the district rates and cluster standard deviations (SDs) for disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Though the growing disability condition in India is itself a concerning issue, wide variations across socioeconomic groups and geographic locations indicate the implementation of several policy-relevant implications focusing on these vulnerable chunks of the population. Further, the critical importance of small-area variations within districts suggests the design of strategies targeting these high-burden areas of disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rashmi
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Sanjay K Mohanty
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Emerson E, Stancliffe RJ, Aitken Z, Bailie J, Bishop GM, Badland H, Llewellyn G, Kavanagh AM. Disability and loneliness in the United Kingdom: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of trends and transitions. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2537. [PMID: 38114963 PMCID: PMC10729364 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness can have a detrimental impact on health, yet little is known about the association between disability and loneliness. METHODS Secondary analysis of three waves of data collected between 2017 and 2020 by the UK's annual household panel study, Understanding Society. Direct age-standardisation was used to compare the prevalence of loneliness at each wave and the persistence of loneliness across all three waves for participants with/without disabilities aged 16-65 years. Transitional probabilities for the stability of loneliness, the stability of non-loneliness, the onset of loneliness and the offset of loneliness between consecutive waves were also estimated. RESULTS At each wave, the prevalence of loneliness was significantly higher among respondents with disabilities than respondents without disabilities; these inequalities persisted with no evidence of change over time. The prevalence of persistent loneliness was 46% for respondents with disabilities compared with 22% for respondents without disabilities. Risk factors for the likelihood of persistent loneliness included disability, financial stress, not living as a couple, living in rented accommodation, being female and not being employed. The probability of the onset and stability of loneliness between successive waves were markedly higher for people with disabilities compared with people without disabilities. CONCLUSION Adults with disabilities were more likely to experience loneliness, become lonely and remain lonely over time than their peers. Policies and interventions aimed at reducing loneliness should ensure that they are accessible and effective for people with disabilities. Further research is needed to explore the health outcomes of persistent loneliness among people with/without disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Roger J Stancliffe
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jodie Bailie
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University Centre for Rural Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Glenda M Bishop
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hannah Badland
- Social and Global Studies Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Gwynnyth Llewellyn
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anne M Kavanagh
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Lee HY, Kim SY, Yeob KE, Kim YY, Park JH. Nationwide trends in the prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders and their correlates among adults with disabilities in Korea from 2006 to 2017. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1670-1681. [PMID: 37226935 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231174363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that people with disabilities are more likely to suffer from depression. Previous studies have focused on depressive disorders in specific disability types or age groups using small-scale cross-sectional samples. We investigated longitudinal trends in the prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders according to disability types and severity levels in the entire Korean adult population. METHODS The age-standardised prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders were investigated using National Health Insurance claims data from 2006 to 2017. The odds of depressive disorders by type and severity were examined using logistic regression after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities based on merged 2006 to 2017 data. RESULTS Both the incidence and prevalence of depressive disorders were higher among the disabled than the non-disabled, with the prevalence gap being larger than the incidence gap. In regression analyses, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities considerably reduced the odds ratios, particularly for incidence. The severity of disabilities was inversely associated with the incidence of depressive disorders. Brain injury and disabilities in major internal organs were associated with lower odds of developing depressive disorders than in non-disabled individuals. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of depressive disorders in disabled individuals are caused by financial hardships or comorbidities rather than disabilities themselves. We must pay special attention to those who cannot access healthcare services due to severe disabilities and those whose depressive disorders are misdiagnosed as intellectual disabilities. More research is required to elucidate the causal mechanisms underlying depressive disorders in people with various types and severities of disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Eun Yeob
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Yong Kim
- Big Data Steering Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Drug Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyock Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Sun X, Yao A. Use of home and community-based services and loneliness in older people with functional limitations: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:717. [PMID: 37794343 PMCID: PMC10548717 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is one of the major health problems among older adults. Among this population, home and community-based services (HCBS) have become increasingly popular. Despite its health benefits, little is known about the relationship between HCBS use and loneliness in older people with functional limitations. We aim to explore the characteristics of loneliness among older people with functional limitations and examine the association between HCBS use and loneliness in China. METHODS We used a cross-sectional data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, which includes a nationally representative sample of Chinese residents aged 65 and older with functional limitations. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between HCBS use and loneliness, and we further used propensity score matching to address potential sample selection bias. RESULT In China, 46% of older people with functional limitations felt lonely and only 22% of older people with functional limitations reported using HCBS in 2018. Compared with participants who did not receive HCBS, those who received HCBS were less likely to report loneliness (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.99, p = 0.048), and the results remained significant after addressing sample selection bias using propensity score matching. CONCLUSION Our results showed that loneliness was common among Chinese older people with functional limitations, and the proportion of HCBS use was low. There was robust evidence to support that among older people with functional limitations, HCBS use was associated with decreased loneliness. Further policies should promote the development of broader HCBS use for older people with functional limitations to reduce their loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zhang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Aaron Yao
- Home Centered Care Institute, Schaumburg, IL, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Singh G, Battalova A, Miller WC, Simpson E, Rash I, Mohammadi S, Tao G, Chan J, Mortenson WB. Resilience practices among a broad spectrum of individuals with physical disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative photo elicitation study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:2887-2905. [PMID: 37334433 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This community-based study explored resilience practices among people living with physical disabilities (i.e., stroke, spinal cord injury, and other physical disabilities) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this photo elicitation study, during 1:1 interviews, participants shared and described photos that reflected their pandemic-related experiences. Data were analyzed thematically to identify resilience-related practices. Our analysis revealed three themes: (1) reflecting on the importance of family, friends, and community (e.g., recalling past memories and strengthening existing connections); (2) engaging in social and recreational activities (e.g., experiencing the outdoors and gardening); and (3) reframing personal contexts and social environment (e.g., adjusting to new social norms and overcoming physical barriers to navigating safely during the pandemic). The resilience that participants identified encompassed not only individual strategies but also family and community supports. Resilience can be fostered through community initiatives that support more equitable responses to health emergencies for people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkaran Singh
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alfiya Battalova
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Humanitarian Studies, Royal Roads University, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William C Miller
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ethan Simpson
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rash
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Somayyeh Mohammadi
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gordon Tao
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice Chan
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - W Ben Mortenson
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Leung XY, Kavanagh AM, Quang QT, Shields M, Aitken Z. A systematic review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adolescents and young people with disabilities aged 15-29 years. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1390. [PMID: 37468866 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the psychological burden on young people around the world and may have disproportionately large impacts for young people with disabilities. This review aims to systematically review the quantitative evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people with disabilities and evaluate the quality of included studies. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using 5 electronic databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using the SIGN risk of bias assessment tool. A narrative synthesis was performed to synthesize the results of included studies. RESULTS The initial search yielded 1935 studies, of which two met the eligibility criteria, one longitudinal study and one cross-sectional study, both assessed to be of low quality. In the cross-sectional study, young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities self-reported an increase in mental health symptoms. The longitudinal study found no evidence of a change in mental health symptoms from pre-pandemic to during the pandemic among young people with autism spectrum disorder, although these individuals reported negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their emotional or mental health. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review provide some weak evidence of a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people with disabilities. Importantly, the findings highlight the lack of research in this area. More research is needed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of young disabled people, in order for governments to develop emergency preparedness plans to safeguard the well-being of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yu Leung
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anne Marie Kavanagh
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Que Tien Quang
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marissa Shields
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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12
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Sellami M, Puce L, Bragazzi NL. Immunological Response to Exercise in Athletes with Disabilities: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1692. [PMID: 37372810 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For a person with a disability, participating in sports activities and/or competitions can be a challenge for the immune system. The relationship between exercise and immunity response in disabled athletes is, indeed, extremely complex for several reasons, including (1) the chronic low-grade inflammatory and immunodepression-"secondary immune deficiency"-state imposed by the disability/impairment; (2) the impact of the disability on an array of variables, spanning from physical fitness to well-being, quality of life, sleep, and nutritional aspects, among others, which are known to mediate/modulate the effects of exercise on human health; (3) the variability of the parameters related to the exercise/physical activity (modality, frequency, intensity, duration, training versus competition, etc.); and (4) the intra- and inter-individual variability of the immunological response to exercise. In able-bodied athletes, previously published data described several exercise-induced changes affecting various immunological subsets and subpopulations, ranging from neutrophils to lymphocytes, and monocytes. Broadly, moderate intensity workout is accompanied by optimal immunity and resistance to infections such as upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in athletes. Periods of intense training with insufficient recovery can cause a temporary state of immunosuppression, which should end with a few days of rest/recovery from exercise. Disabled athletes are relatively overlooked and understudied with respect to their able-bodied counterparts. Findings from the few studies available on paralympic and disabled athletes are here summarized and analyzed utilizing a narrative approach to review and determine the major features of the immunological and inflammatory responses to exercise in this specific population. Moreover, a few studies have reported behavioral, dietary, and training strategies that can be adopted to limit exercise-induced immunosuppression and reduce the risk of infection in people with disabilities. However, given the paucity of data and contrasting findings, future high-quality investigations on paralympic and disabled athletes are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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13
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Fianto BA. Improvement in social capital and health of children with cerebral palsy: Evidence from resource-poor settings. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:727-728. [PMID: 36872462 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Arie Fianto
- Department of Islamic Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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14
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Aitken Z, Bishop GM, Disney G, Emerson E, Kavanagh AM. Disability-related inequalities in health and well-being are mediated by barriers to participation faced by people with disability. A causal mediation analysis. Soc Sci Med 2022; 315:115500. [PMID: 36375266 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Large inequalities in health and well-being exist between people with and without disability, in part due to poor socio-economic circumstances, and potentially also related to societal factors including issues associated with accessibility and participation. To better understand the contribution of societal factors, we used a unique longitudinal survey of disability in Great Britain to quantify the extent to which barriers to participation contribute to poorer health and well-being. We used data from 2354 individuals who participated in three waves of the Life Opportunities Survey between 2009 and 2014 and compared five health and well-being outcomes (self-rated health, anxiousness, life satisfaction, life worth, happiness) between adults who acquired an impairment and those who remained disability-free. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to quantify how much of the effect of disability acquisition on each outcome was explained by barriers to participation in employment, economic life, transport, community, leisure and civic activities, social contact, and accessibility. People who recently acquired a disability had poorer health and well-being compared to people with no disability. Barriers to participation explained 15% of inequalities in self-rated health, 28% for anxiousness, 32% for life satisfaction, 37% for life worth, and 70% for happiness. A substantial proportion of the inequalities in health and well-being experienced by people with recently acquired disability were socially produced, driven by barriers to participation in different life domains. Furthermore, there was evidence that barriers to participation mediated the effect of well-being measured to a greater extent than the more clinically aligned measures, self-reported health and anxiousness. These findings highlight modifiable factors amenable to public health interventions that could lead to substantial improvements in health and well-being for people with disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Aitken
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Glenda M Bishop
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Disney
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Kavanagh
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton 3010, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Kim S, Lee JT. Short-term exposure to PM 10 and cardiovascular hospitalization in persons with and without disabilities: Invisible population in air pollution epidemiology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157717. [PMID: 35926615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Persons with disabilities (PwD), the world's largest minority, can be more susceptible to particulate matter (PM) than persons without disabilities. Although numerous studies have addressed population susceptibility to PM, PwD have not been studied in air pollution epidemiology. This study investigated the association between short-term exposure to PM with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) and cardiovascular hospital admissions by the existence of a disability, while also considering intersections of disability and other socio-demographic characteristics in South Korea. We used the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) to investigate the association between short-term exposure to PM10 and cardiovascular hospital admissions in seven metropolitan cities from 2002 to 2015. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for daily temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and national holidays. We conducted stratified analyses according to the existence of a disability, disability type and severity, and socio-demographic characteristics. The results showed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in the 0-3 moving average level of PM10 was associated with 1.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.7 %, 3.2 %) and 0.0 % (95 % CI: -0.5 %, 0.5 %) increase in cardiovascular admissions in persons with and without disabilities, respectively. Among PwD, the associations were pronounced in people with brain lesion disorders (percent change [PC]: 2.7 %, 95 % CI: 0.5 %, 5.0 %), people with visual impairment (PC: 3.0 %, 95 % CI: -1.0 %, 7.1 %), and people with severe disability (PC: 3.0 %, 95 % CI: 0.9 %, 5.0 %). We found that PwD may be more adversely affected by PM10 than their non-disabled counterparts. This suggests that PwD is a social identity reflecting the socially marginalized and disadvantaged population in air pollution epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Bahk J, Kang HY, Khang YH. Disability type–specific mortality patterns and life expectancy among disabled people in South Korea using 10-year combined data between 2008 and 2017. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101958. [PMID: 36161125 PMCID: PMC9501987 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People with any disabilities accounted for a quarter of total deaths. People with disabilities had higher average ages and poor economic conditions. All disability types presented higher mortality rates and lower life expectancy. The major causes of death differed according to the type of disability.
People with disabilities have a higher mortality risk than non-disabled people. However, mortality patterns and life expectancy according to disability types are under-researched. This study investigated the sociodemographic characteristics and compared mortality and life expectancy among people with disabilities according to disability type in Korea using 10-year combined data between 2008 and 2017. The National Health Information Database from the National Health Insurance Service covering the total Korean population between 2008 and 2017 was obtained. This study described the age and income distributions of people with disabilities and calculated the mortality rate, proportional mortality ratio, and life expectancy according to disability type. Most disability subgroups had higher average ages than were found for non-disabled people. The proportion of the bottom 20% household income group was also higher in all types of disabilities than in non-disabled people. The crude mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, and life expectancy were all worse in people with all types of disabilities than in their non-disabled counterparts, but variations according to disability type were found. The composition of causes of death also varied across disability types. Although all types of disabilities were associated with higher mortality rates and lower life expectancy, the sociodemographic characteristics and mortality and life expectancy patterns differed across types of disability. People with disabilities experienced various health-related problems and financial burdens. Public assistance needs to be strengthened to guarantee adequate income and health care services for people with disabilities, considering their sociodemographic characteristics and mortality patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Bahk
- Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, 1095, Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Khang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author at: Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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17
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Jin S, Sun Y, Tao J, Tian L, Lin J, Qian D. Medical expenditure and its inequity for people with disabilities: Evidence from the CHARLS 2018 data. Front Public Health 2022; 10:977150. [PMID: 36249237 PMCID: PMC9558895 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.977150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disabilities may raise heavy medical expenses and rich-poor inequalities. However, data is lacking for the Chinese older populations. This study aimed to measure socioeconomic inequalities in medical expenses amongst the Chinese adult 45 years or older, and explored the main determinants among different disability categories. Method Data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used. Disabilities were divided into five categories: physical disabilities, intellectual disability, vision problems, hearing problems, and multiple disabilities. The two-part model was employed to identify the factors that are associated with medical expenditures. Socioeconomic inequalities were measured by the concentration index (CI), and the horizontal inequity index (HI) which adjusts for health needs. Decomposition analysis was further applied to evaluate the contribution of each determinant. Results Two thousand four hundred nineteen people were included in this study. The CIs and HIs of the expenditure were both positive. Amongst the varied types of medical expenses, the highest CIs were found for self-treatment expenses (0.0262). Amongst the five categories of disabilities, the group with vision problem disability reported the highest CIs and HIs for outpatient expenses (CI = 0.0843, HI = 0.0751), self-treatment expenses (CI = 0.0958, HI = 0.1119), and total expenses (CI = 0.0622, HI = 0.0541). The group of intellectual disability reported the highest CI and HI (CI = 0.0707, HI = 0.0625). The decomposition analysis showed that income (80.32%), education (25.14%) and living in the rural areas (13.96%) were the main determinants of medical expenses for HI amongst all types of disabilities. Conclusion For five types of disabilities, our data shows that medical expenses concentrated in the richer groups in China. Income, education, and rural areas factors were the main contributors to the economic-related inequalities. Health policies to improve the affordability of medical care are needed to decrease inequity of medical expenditures for people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxuan Jin
- Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanlan Tian
- Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongfu Qian
- Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Dongfu Qian
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18
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Martínez-Medina A, Morales-Calvo S, Rodríguez-Martín V, Meseguer-Sánchez V, Molina-Moreno V. Sixteen Years since the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: What Have We Learned since Then? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11646. [PMID: 36141926 PMCID: PMC9517366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persons with disabilities have historically been subjected to discrimination and exclusion, placing them in dangerous situations of social vulnerability. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, passed on the 13th of December 2006, was an important legislative landmark for valuing the rights of this population group. This study involved a bibliometric analysis of 1024 research articles published in Scopus on the social, workplace, educational, and financial inclusion of persons with disabilities since the Convention. The results show an increase in scientific production, and there is also a great deal of multi-disciplinarity, which has led to important breakthroughs for the all-encompassing inclusion of this section of the population. The most productive journals, authors, institutions, and countries, as well as the international cooperation networks, are presented here. The review concludes by setting out the main themes and trends in the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Martínez-Medina
- Health Sciences PhD Program, Catholic University of Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos nº135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Morales-Calvo
- Department of Research and Diagnostic Methods in Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Vicenta Rodríguez-Martín
- Department of Social Work and Social Services, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
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19
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Halpern-Manners A, McLeod JD, Anderson EM, Ekl EA. COVID-19 and changes in college student educational expectations and health by disability status. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101195. [PMID: 35992965 PMCID: PMC9375263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the implications of the coronavirus pandemic for college students' health and education, with special attention to variation by disability status. Disaster research supports the hypothesis that students with disabilities will experience higher-than-usual levels of pandemic-related stress, which could lead to re-evaluations of their educational expectations and declines in health. We evaluate this hypothesis by modeling changes in students' (1) mental and physical health and (2) educational expectations during the first year (spring of 2020 to spring of 2021) of the pandemic, using survey data collected from a population-based sample of college students in the state of Indiana. Although we observe across-the-board declines in both domains, students with disabilities were especially vulnerable. Mediation analyses suggest that differential exposure to financial and illness-related stressors is partially to blame, explaining a significant portion of the group differences between students with and without disabilities. We interpret these results as evidence of the unique vulnerabilities associated with disability status and its wide-ranging importance as a dimension of social stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily A. Ekl
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, USA
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20
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Choi B, Yi E. The Impact of Income and Social Capital on the Health of People with Developmental Disabilities. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081543. [PMID: 36011200 PMCID: PMC9408101 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of income and social capital on the health of people with developmental disabilities, focusing on the moderating effects of income and social capital on health. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using data from 235 people with developmental disabilities who participated in the second wave of the Disability and Life Dynamics Panel. The findings show that people with developmental disabilities who were female, employed, and did not have multiple disabilities and chronic diseases were more likely to display higher levels of self-rated health. Furthermore, self-rated health was higher in those earning a higher income. The social network had a significantly positive effect on health, but its moderating effect on the impact of income did not carry statistical significance. Trust was found to have a moderating effect on the impact of income on health, where the group with greater trust and lower income was healthier than the group with lower trust. The findings suggest the need to provide income support and establish social capital for people with developmental disabilities to improve their health, and this study offers related policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogcheon Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
| | - Eunsil Yi
- National Pension Research Institute, National Pension Service, Jeonju 54870, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-713-6711
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21
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Mitchell RJ, Ryder T, Matar K, Lystad RP, Clay-Williams R, Braithwaite J. An overview of systematic reviews to determine the impact of socio-environmental factors on health outcomes of people with disabilities. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:1254-1274. [PMID: 34850472 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
People with disabilities are often subject to intersecting layers of social and economic disadvantage and other barriers that drive health inequity. As a result, they frequently experience worse health than people without disabilities, beyond the direct effects of their health condition or impairment. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to summarise the evidence on the impact of socio-environmental factors (i.e. social, physical or attitudinal) on the health outcomes of disabled people. A systematic search of five databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus) for English-language articles from January 2000 to April 2021 was conducted. Abstracts were screened by two reviewers and reviews were critically appraised. Key data were extracted by topic, population, disability type, critical appraisal method, socio-environmental themes and health outcomes. There were 23 systematic reviews identified examining adult (60.9%) or child and young (8.7%) disabled people, with 30.4% not specifying an age range. Reviews examined people with neurological or physical (39.1%), intellectual (17.4%), sensory (8.7%) or a range of (34.8%) disabilities. Three key health outcomes (i.e. access to healthcare, health-promoting behaviour and care quality) and several recurring socio-environmental themes related to the health outcomes of disabled people were identified. Disabled people encounter common social, physical and attitudinal factors that hinder their health outcomes in terms of access to services and quality healthcare. Many preventive health services were identified as either inaccessible or not meeting the needs of disabled people. Greater involvement of disabled people in service design and awareness raising is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Mitchell
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tayhla Ryder
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katia Matar
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reidar P Lystad
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn Clay-Williams
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Keulen-de Vos M, de Klerk A. Dutch forensic patients with and without intellectual disabilities: A comparison of demographic, offence, and diagnostic characteristics. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 126:104255. [PMID: 35504124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with an intellectual disability (ID) and offending histories constitute a challenging clinical group. The present study examined commonalities and differences in demographic, diagnostic and offence characteristics in patients with and without intellectual disabilities who were either convicted for violent or sexual offences and who resided in mandated care in the Netherlands. METHOD We compared 165 offenders with an ID to 249 offenders without an ID. We compared both groups by type of offence (i.e., sexual versus violent offence) using Mann-Whitney U-test or independent samples t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables. RESULTS In general, forensic patients with an ID were younger at admission (U=357, z = -12.668, p < .001), had more prior convictions for violent offences (χ2(1)= 6.175, p = .013) and more prevalent diagnoses of substance abuse disorders (χ2(1)= 9.266, p = .002) than those without an ID. Similar results were found for patients with IDs with sexual offence histories. CONCLUSION A clear understanding of distinct characteristics of forensic patients with intellectual disabilities is crucial in understanding (sexual) violent behavior in this population as it mayassistclinicians in prioritizing interventionstrategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Keulen-de Vos
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre de Rooyse Wissel, Venray, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke de Klerk
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre de Rooyse Wissel, Venray, The Netherlands
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23
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Bowling AB, Frazier JA, Staiano AE, Broder-Fingert S, Curtin C. Presenting a New Framework to Improve Engagement in Physical Activity Programs for Children and Adolescents With Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Disabilities. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:875181. [PMID: 35599761 PMCID: PMC9122030 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.875181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses such as anxiety, depression, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) face enormous health disparities, and the prevalence of these disorders is increasing. Social, emotional, and behavioral disabilities (SEBD) often co-occur with each other and are associated with unique barriers to engaging in free-living physical activity (PA), community-based exercise and sports programming, and school-based physical education. Some examples of these barriers include the significantly depleted parental reserve capacity associated with SEBD in children, child dysregulation, and previous negative experiences with PA programming and/or exclusion. Importantly, most SEBD are "invisible," so these parents and children may face more stigma, have less support, and fewer inclusive programming opportunities than are typically available for children with physical or intellectual disabilities. Children's challenging behavioral characteristics are not visibly attributable to a medical or physical condition, and thus are not often viewed empathetically, and cannot easily be managed in the context of programming. Existing research into PA engagement barriers and facilitators shows significant gaps in existing health behavior change (HBC) theories and implementation frameworks that result in a failure to address unique needs of youth with SEBD and their parents. Addressing these gaps necessitates the creation of a simple but comprehensive framework that can better guide the development and implementation of engaging, effective, and scalable PA programming for these youth and their families. Therefore, the aim of this article is to: (1) summarize existing research into SEBD-related child and parent-level barriers and facilitators of PA evidence-based program engagement; (2) review the application of the most commonly used HBC and disability health theories used in the development of evidence-based PA programs, and implementation science frameworks used in adaptation and dissemination efforts; (3) review the SEBD-related gaps that may negatively affect engagement; and (4) describe the new Pediatric Physical Activity Engagement for Invisible Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Disabilities (PAID) Framework, a comprehensive adapted PA intervention development and implementation adaptation framework that we created specifically for youth with SEBD and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- April B. Bowling
- School of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jean A. Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Amanda E. Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Carol Curtin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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Riley A, Daruwalla N, Kanougiya S, Gupta A, Wickenden M, Osrin D. Intimate partner violence against women with disability and associated mental health concerns: a cross-sectional survey in Mumbai, India. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056475. [PMID: 35477887 PMCID: PMC9047698 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women with disability is believed to be high. We aimed to compare the prevalence of past-year IPV against women with and without functional difficulties in urban informal settlements, to review its social determinants and to explore its association with mental health. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Fifty clusters within four informal settlements. PARTICIPANTS 5122 women aged 18-49 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We used the Washington Group Short Set of Questions to assess functional difficulties. IPV in the past year was described by binary composites of questions about physical, sexual and emotional violence. We screened for symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and of anxiety using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between functional difficulties, IPV and mental health. RESULTS 10% of participants who screened positive for functional disability had greater odds of experiencing physical or sexual IPV (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.68, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.29) and emotional IPV (1.52, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.00) than women who screened negative. Women who screened positive for functional disability had greater odds than women who screened negative of symptoms suggesting moderate or severe anxiety (AOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.78 to 3.49), depression (2.91, 95% CI 2.13 to 3.99) and suicidal thinking (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.50). CONCLUSIONS The burden of IPV fell disproportionately on women with functional difficulties, who were also more likely to screen positive for common mental disorder. Public health initiatives need to respond at local and national levels to address the overlapping and mutually reinforcing determinants of violence, while existing policy needs to be better utilised to ensure protection for the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Riley
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nayreen Daruwalla
- Program on Prevention of Violence Against Women and Children, SNEHA, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suman Kanougiya
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Apoorwa Gupta
- Program on Prevention of Violence Against Women and Children, SNEHA, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mary Wickenden
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Ciciurkaite G, Marquez‐Velarde G, Brown RL. Stressors associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic, disability, and mental health: Considerations from the Intermountain West. Stress Health 2022; 38:304-317. [PMID: 34382736 PMCID: PMC8420204 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious mental health effects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are increasingly apparent, however, questions remain about the extent to which pandemic-related stressor exposure has contributed to increased psychological distress among an already disadvantaged group, individuals with disabilities. The first aim of the study was to examine the distribution of pandemic-related stressors across multiple dimensions-employment, personal and family finances, personal relationships, and quality of social life-among individuals with and without disabilities. The second aim of the study was to examine the association between a composite COVID-19 stressor score and two mental health outcomes-depressive and anxiety symptoms-among the two subsamples. The study used quota-based online survey data (N = 2043) collected in the summer of 2020 from adults (18 and older) residing in the Intermountain West, half of whom had a self-reported disability. Study results demonstrated that individuals with disabilities experienced pandemic-related stressors at significantly higher rates relative to their non-disabled counterparts. Further, pandemic stressor exposure was associated with greater negative effects on their psychological well-being. We argue that the COVID-19 pandemic is generating a secondary mental illness pandemic, and that individuals with disabilities are affected by it at significantly higher proportions.
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Bevilacqua G, Jameson KA, Zhang J, Bloom I, Fuggle NR, Patel HP, Ward KA, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Relationships between non-communicable disease, social isolation and frailty in community dwelling adults in later life: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:105-112. [PMID: 34845651 PMCID: PMC8628832 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social relationships play a fundamental role in individuals' lives and health, and social isolation is prevalent among older people. Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and frailty are also common in older adults. AIMS To examine the association between number of NCDs and social isolation in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults in the UK, and to consider whether any potential association is mediated by frailty. METHODS NCDs were self-reported by 176 older community-dwelling UK adults via questionnaire. Social isolation was assessed using the six-item Lubben Social Network Scale. Frailty was assessed by the Fried phenotype of physical frailty. RESULTS The median (IQR) age of participants in this study was 83.1 (81.5-85.5) years for men and 83.8 (81.5-85.9) years for women. The proportion of socially isolated individuals was 19% in men and 20% in women. More women (18%) than men (13%) were identified as frail. The number of NCDs was associated with higher odds of being isolated in women (unadjusted odds ratio per additional NCD: 1.65, 95% CI 1.08, 2.52, p = 0.021), but not in men, and the association remained robust to adjustment, even when accounting for frailty (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.06, 3.22, p = 0.031). DISCUSSION Number of self-reported NCDs was associated with higher odds of social isolation in women but not in men, and the association remained after considering frailty status. CONCLUSIONS Our observations may be considered by healthcare professionals caring for community-dwelling older adults with multiple NCDs, where enquiring about social isolation as part of a comprehensive assessment may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Bevilacqua
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Karen A. Jameson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Jean Zhang
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Ilse Bloom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas R. Fuggle
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Harnish P. Patel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate A. Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- National Institute for Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE UK
| | - Elaine M. Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Association of functional disability and treatment modalities with perceived effectiveness of treatment among adults with depression: a cross-sectional study. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Weld-Blundell I, Shields M, Devine A, Dickinson H, Kavanagh A, Marck C. Vocational Interventions to Improve Employment Participation of People with Psychosocial Disability, Autism and/or Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212083. [PMID: 34831840 PMCID: PMC8618542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To systematically review interventions aimed at improving employment participation of people with psychosocial disability, autism, and intellectual disability. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, ERIC, and ERC for studies published from 2010 to July 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions aimed at increasing participation in open/competitive or non-competitive employment were eligible for inclusion. We included studies with adults with psychosocial disability autism and/or intellectual disability. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias II Tool. Data were qualitatively synthesized. Our review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020219192). Results: We included 26 RCTs: 23 targeted people with psychosocial disabilities (n = 2465), 3 included people with autism (n = 214), and none included people with intellectual disability. Risk of bias was high in 8 studies, moderate for 18, and low for none. There was evidence for a beneficial effect of Individual Placement and Support compared to control conditions in 10/11 studies. Among young adults with autism, there was some evidence for the benefit of Project SEARCH and ASD supports on open employment. Discussion: Gaps in the availability of high-quality evidence remain, undermining comparability and investment decisions in vocational interventions. Future studies should focus on improving quality and consistent measurement, especially for interventions targeting people with autism and/or intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Weld-Blundell
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (I.W.-B.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Marissa Shields
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (I.W.-B.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Alexandra Devine
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (I.W.-B.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Helen Dickinson
- School of Business, University of New South Wales, Canberra 2610, Australia;
| | - Anne Kavanagh
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (I.W.-B.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Marck
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (I.W.-B.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (C.M.)
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Shen B, Guan T, Ma J, Yang L, Liu Y. Social network research hotspots and trends in public health: A bibliometric and visual analysis. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2021; 2:100155. [PMID: 36101592 PMCID: PMC9461482 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To understand the research landscape and identify the research hotspots and trends of the application of social network theory and analysis to public health. Study design A bibliometric study of publications regarding application of social network theory and analysis to public health. Methods Choosing 1607 articles about the application of social network theory and analysis to public health from the core collection database of Web of Science published from 1991 to 2020 as the research sample. A bibliometric and visual analysis of publication quantity and content was performed to analyze time trends, spatial distribution, cooperation networks, influential references, and keyword co-occurrence, clusters, and emergence. Results There is an increasing trend in the use of social network theory and analysis in the public health field, with the United States taking the lead. Research focuses include on transmission of diseases or behavior through social networks and the influence of social networks on population health at different ages. Current research frontiers primarily include the role of social networks in tracking of emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19, preventing and controlling chronic diseases, and carrying out healthy behavioral interventions. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive quantitative overview of the historic development of and latest topics in the application of social network theory and analysis method to public health. More attention should be paid to the important role of social networks in tracing the emergence of serious infectious diseases like COVID-19, as well as preventing and controlling chronic diseases and intervening in health behaviors, considering the increasing challenges and opportunities presented by online social networking. The use of social network theory and analysis (SNT/A) in public health has grown sharply since 2007. The United States has taken the lead in this field of research, with some active institutions in the U.S. and the Europe. The transmission of diseases or behaviors within social networks is a major research focus in this interdisciplinary field. Research frontiers primarily include using SNT/A to track, prevent and control diseases, like COVID-19.
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30
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McCausland D, Luus R, McCallion P, Murphy E, McCarron M. The impact of COVID-19 on the social inclusion of older adults with an intellectual disability during the first wave of the pandemic in Ireland. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:879-889. [PMID: 34165228 PMCID: PMC8447302 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social restrictions and service closures from COVID-19 have negatively impacted social inclusion and well-being for some people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). METHODS The fourth wave of a national longitudinal study on ageing in people with ID in Ireland was interrupted during the COVID-19 outbreak. Social inclusion data for pre-existing participants interviewed before COVID-19 (n = 444) were compared with data for pre-existing participants interviewed during/after lockdown (n = 62). RESULTS More people interviewed after lockdown reported frequent family contact. Significantly greater numbers in the post-lockdown group reported access to and use of technology than the pre-lockdown group. Technology use was higher among those living in grouped residences supported by services compared with individuals living independently or with family. CONCLUSIONS During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland, many older adults with ID stayed connected with family and reported rates of contact higher than were reported by others before COVID-19. This connection may have been supported by a significant increase in technology use during the pandemic. However, uneven use of technology may disadvantage some including individuals living with family or independently. Given that COVID-19 restrictions are likely to continue to restrict social opportunities, increased digital support may assist more people with ID to use technology to maintain their social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. McCausland
- Trinity Centre for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, School of Nursing and MidwiferyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - R. Luus
- Trinity Centre for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, School of Nursing and MidwiferyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - E. Murphy
- Trinity Centre for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, School of Nursing and MidwiferyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - M. McCarron
- Trinity Centre for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, School of Nursing and MidwiferyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
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31
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Ipsen C, Repke M. Reaching people with disabilities to learn about their experiences of social connection and loneliness. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101220. [PMID: 34600847 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with disabilities experience higher rates of social isolation and loneliness than people without disabilities, but there is limited information about how these conditions are manifested in people with specific types of disabilities. OBJECTIVES Using data collected as part of the second administration of the National Survey on Health and Disability (n = 2,132), our objectives were to determine if disability type and recruitment method added explanatory power to observed levels of social connectedness, after controlling for socio-demographic and environmental indicators. METHODS We used hierarchical regression to evaluate how socio-demographic, disability, environmental, and recruitment type explained four outcome variables for different dimensions of social connectedness, including satisfaction with social activity, quantity of social connections, quality of social connections, and loneliness. RESULTS Across all models, employment status (not employed), having mental illness/psychiatric disability, lack of transportation for social needs, and recruitment type (MTurk) significantly predicted lower levels of social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence that using alternative methods, such as MTurk, to complement conventional recruitment strategies can improve understanding of social isolation and feelings of loneliness among people with disabilities, particularly those with mental illnesses and/or psychiatric disorders who are less likely to be accessed through group affiliations, but who are at greater risk for experiencing social isolation and feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ipsen
- University of Montana Rural Institute, Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities (RTC:Rural), Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Meredith Repke
- University of Montana Rural Institute, Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities (RTC:Rural), Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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Jesus TS, Kamalakannan S, Bhattacharjya S, Bogdanova Y, Arango-Lasprilla JC, Bentley J, Landry MD, Papadimitriou C. PREparedness, REsponse and SySTemic transformation (PRE-RE-SyST): a model for disability-inclusive pandemic responses and systemic disparities reduction derived from a scoping review and thematic analysis. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:204. [PMID: 34521433 PMCID: PMC8438560 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with disabilities (PwD) have been facing multiple health, social, and economic disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic, stemming from structural disparities experienced for long time. This paper aims to present the PREparedness, RESponse and SySTemic transformation (PRE-RE-SyST): a model for a disability-inclusive pandemic responses and systematic disparities reduction. Methods Scoping review with a thematic analysis was conducted on the literature published up to mid-September 2020, equating to the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven scientific databases and three preprint databases were searched to identify empirical or perspective papers addressing health and socio-economic disparities experienced by PwD as well as reporting actions to address them. Snowballing searches and experts’ consultation were also conducted. Two independent reviewers made eligibility decisions and performed data extractions on any action or recommended action to address disparities. A thematic analysis was then used for the model construction, informed by a systems-thinking approach (i.e., the Iceberg Model). Results From 1027 unique references, 84 were included in the final analysis. The PRE-RE-SyST model articulates a four-level strategic action to: 1) Respond to prevent or reduce disability disparities during a pandemic crisis; 2) Prepare ahead for pandemic and other crises responses; 3) Design systems and policies for a structural disability-inclusiveness; and 4) Transform society’s cultural assumptions about disability. ‘Simple rules’ and literature-based examples on how these strategies can be deployed are provided. Conclusion The PRE-RE-SyST model articulates main strategies, ‘simple rules’ and possible means whereby public health authorities, policy-makers, and other stakeholders can address disability disparities in pandemic crises, and beyond. Beyond immediate pandemic responses, disability-inclusiveness is needed to develop everyday equity-oriented policies and practices that can transform societies towards greater resiliency, as a whole, to pandemic and other health and social emergencies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-021-01526-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago S Jesus
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) & WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Workforce Policy and Planning, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine - NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sureshkumar Kamalakannan
- Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), South Asia Centre for Disability Inclusive Development and Research (SACDIR), Indian Institute of Public Health - Hyderabad (IIPH-H), Hyderabad, India.
| | - Sutanuka Bhattacharjya
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Yelena Bogdanova
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jacob Bentley
- Department of Clinical Psychology Seattle Pacific University, Seattle WA, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michel D Landry
- Duke Global Health Institute (DGHI), School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christina Papadimitriou
- School of Health Sciences, Departments of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, and Sociology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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Shiri-Mohammadabad H, Afshani SA. Women's self-care behavior and its relationship with social capital in Yazd, Iran. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:331. [PMID: 34517849 PMCID: PMC8438965 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on factors affecting self-care is scarce. The social factors, in particular, have not been yet investigated in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-care and social capital among women. METHODS The participants were 737 women who were living in the marginal, middle and upper areas in the city of Yazd, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made self-care questionnaire and Harper's (Off Natl Stat 11:2019, 2019) Social Capital Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling by SPSS and Amos v24. RESULTS The results showed that the social capital had significant positive effects on the general self-care behavior of the participants (β = 0.56, p < 0.001). It also had significant positive effects on the self-care behavior of women living in the marginal (β = 0.58), middle (β = 0.49) and upper (β = 0.62) parts of the city (p < 0.001). Besides, the women living in the marginal parts had relatively lower levels of self-care compared to those living in the middle and upper parts of the city. The examination of the fit indices indicated that the model has a good fit (CMIN/DF = 2.087, NFI = 0.921, RMSEA = 0.027, CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.940, GFI = 0.956, IFI = 0.957). CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrated that social capital has significant positive effects on the general self-care behavior of women. Therefore, improving their self-care can be achieved through promoting their social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Alireza Afshani
- Department of Cooperative and Social Welfare, Faculty of Social Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
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34
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Heinze N, Hussain SF, Castle CL, Godier-McBard LR, Kempapidis T, Gomes RSM. The Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Loneliness in People Living With Disability and Visual Impairment. Front Public Health 2021; 9:738304. [PMID: 34568266 PMCID: PMC8458570 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.738304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been growing concern about the impact of restrictions put in place to contain the coronavirus pandemic on loneliness, particularly in individuals with disabilities. This study explored the longitudinal impact of the pandemic on loneliness in these individuals, with a focus on those living with visual impairment (VI). Methods: An online survey was conducted in April-2020 and repeated in March 2021 to explore current life circumstances, health-related behaviours, sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and social well-being, including state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Index) and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness scale). A convenience sample of 602 participants completed the first survey. Participants who agreed to be re-contacted were invited to take part in the follow-up survey. Results: Data is presented for the 160 participants who completed both timepoints. At both timepoints, median loneliness was significantly higher in participants with disabilities and those with VI than in participants with no disabilities. While there was no significant change in loneliness in any of the three subgroups, participants with VI experienced the largest increase in median loneliness. Loneliness was associated with having a mental health condition and higher levels of state anxiety at both timepoints. Conclusions: Individuals with disabilities such as VI experienced consistently higher levels of loneliness than those with no disabilities throughout the pandemic. While loneliness remained relatively stable in individuals with no disabilities, it increased, albeit to a non-significant level, in those with disabilities and particularly those with VI. Interventions designed to alleviate loneliness may benefit from addressing state anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Heinze
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Syeda F. Hussain
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Castle
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren R. Godier-McBard
- Veterans and Families Institute for Military Social Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Theofilos Kempapidis
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Renata S. M. Gomes
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
- Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families Research, Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Anderle P, Rech RS, Baumgarten A, Goulart BNGD. Self-rated health and hearing disorders: study of the Brazilian hearing-impaired population. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:3725-3732. [PMID: 34468666 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.07762020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing impairment (HI) is one of the most impacting handicaps related to social life, and 21% have intense limitation compromising daily activities. However, few studies have investigated SRH in HI. This article aims to verify the association between HI and SRH and factors related to hearing characteristics. Cross-sectional study data from National Health Survey (NHS, 2013) conducted with 1,100 hearing impaired adults (≥18 years old). The outcome was SHR, categorized as good or poor. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate Prevalence Ratios. Sociodemographic variables and characteristics of HI, such as congenital or acquired HI, type of HI, wear hearing aids, and limitation were used in adjusted analysis. Poor SRH was more prevalent in acquired HI, limitation of daily activities, sociodemographic characteristics such as aging, female, black or other skin color, and lower schooling. Poor SRH is related to acquired HI, limitation of daily activities and sociodemographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Anderle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). R. Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Santa Cecília. 90035-004 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
| | - Rafaela Soares Rech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). R. Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Santa Cecília. 90035-004 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
| | - Alexandre Baumgarten
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). R. Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Santa Cecília. 90035-004 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
| | - Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). R. Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Santa Cecília. 90035-004 Porto Alegre RS Brasil. .,Departamento de Saúde e Comunicação Humana, Instituto de Psicologia, UFRGS. Porto Alegre RS Brasil
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Yates S, Dickinson H, Smith C, Tani M. Flexibility in individual funding schemes: How well did Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme support remote learning for students with disability during COVID-19? SOCIAL POLICY & ADMINISTRATION 2021; 55:906-920. [PMID: 33362318 PMCID: PMC7753504 DOI: 10.1111/spol.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Individualized funding schemes are designed to offer people with disability greater choice and control over the services they receive. In this research, we report on a survey of over 700 families to explore how Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) supported children and young people and their families to learn remotely during COVID-19. NDIS funding to support education during the first COVID-19 lockdown period forms an important case study of the flexibility of individualized funding schemes. Our results suggest that participant experiences varied widely, with some people able to make the changes they required and others left with a significant service gap. This shows that individual funding schemes are not necessarily more flexible than traditional systems in an emergency situation-useful flexibility depends on many factors, such as clarity of information giving, all actors having a shared message, proactive support of flexibility initiatives, and participants' ability to quickly navigate a complicated system. This research also highlights problems with the interface between the NDIS and mainstream services such as education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Yates
- Public Service Research Group, School of BusinessUNSW CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Helen Dickinson
- Public Service Research Group, School of BusinessUNSW CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Catherine Smith
- Melbourne Graduate School of EducationUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Massimiliano Tani
- Public Service Research Group, School of BusinessUNSW CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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Emerson E, Stancliffe R, Fortune N, Llewellyn G. Disability, Loneliness and Health in the UK: cross-sectional survey. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:533-538. [PMID: 33956951 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has suggested that exposure to loneliness can have a powerful detrimental impact on health, including mental health. Addressing socially determined health inequity requires understanding of the situation of marginalized or vulnerable groups. People with disability are increasingly being recognized as one such group. Little population-based research has addressed the association between loneliness and health among working age adults with and without disability. METHODS Secondary analysis of data collected in waves 8 and 9 of Understanding Society, the UK's main annual household panel study. RESULTS Rates of exposure to substantial loneliness were 25.4% (95%CI 23.5-27.3%) among adults with persistent disability (disability at W8 and W9), 15.4% (13.3-17.5%) among adults with disability onset (disability at W9 only), 12.3% (10.1-14.5%) among adults with disability offset (disability at W8 only), and 6.9% (6.5-7.3%) among adults with no disability. Exposure to loneliness was positively associated with the incidence (GHQ-12) and prevalence (SF-12 Mental) of mental health problems, but not the prevalence of physical health problems (SF-12 Physical). Disability status appeared to moderate the association between loneliness and health, with the difference between the persistent disability and no disability group increasing with exposure to greater levels of loneliness. CONCLUSION Loneliness may be an important determinant of the poorer mental health of working age adults with disability in the UK. Exposure rates are significantly higher than among the non-disabled population. The strength of association between exposure to loneliness and poorer mental health is greater for people with persistent disability than people with no disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Roger Stancliffe
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Fortune
- Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gwynnyth Llewellyn
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kavanagh A, Hatton C, Stancliffe RJ, Aitken Z, King T, Hastings R, Totsika V, Llewellyn G, Emerson E. Health and healthcare for people with disabilities in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101171. [PMID: 34330683 PMCID: PMC8285926 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background While emerging evidence shows increased mortality from COVID-19 among people with disability, evidence regarding whether there are disability-related inequalities in health during the pandemic is lacking. Objective This study compares access to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 related health care and mental health of people with and without disability. Methods Longitudinal analysis of 12,703 adults (16–64 years) who participated in W9 (2017–2019) and the April and/or May COVID-19 special surveys of the UK Understanding Society study. Descriptive analyses and Poisson regression (adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and financial stress) were conducted to estimate associations between disability (measured at Wave 9) and a number of different COVID-19-related health and health care outcomes (COVID-19 symptoms, testing and hospitalisation), mental health and loneliness, and non-COVID-19 related health care (e.g. outpatient and inpatient hospital care, prescription medications). Results Results from the fully-adjusted regression models found that people with disability were more likely: to be hospitalised if symptomatic (adjusted PRR 3.0 95% 1.07–8.43); to experience current symptoms of psychological distress (PRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26) and to report being lonely (PRR 1.75, 95% CI 1.46–2.09) compared to non-disabled people. People with disability reported much higher levels of comorbidities than people without disability. However, inability to access health care and treatment were similar. Conclusions As the UK opens up, it is important that health care services and social policy address the poor mental health and social isolation of people with disability so that the inequalities occurring early in the pandemic do not become further entrenched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kavanagh
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Chris Hatton
- Dept of Social Care and Social Work, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Roger J Stancliffe
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tania King
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Vaso Totsika
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| | - Gwynnyth Llewellyn
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric Emerson
- Dept of Social Care and Social Work, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
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Moradi G, Bolbanabad AM, Abdullah FZ, Safari H, Rezaei S, Aghaei A, Hematpour S, Farshadi S, Naleini N, Piroozi B. Catastrophic health expenditures for children with disabilities in Iran: A national survey. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 36:1861-1873. [PMID: 34185916 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the percentage of households with disabled children aged 0-8 years who had faced catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) due to the health costs of these children in Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 2000 households with disabled children aged 0-8 years in five provinces of Iran in 2020. Data were collected using the World Health Survey questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Determinants of CHE were identified using logistic regression. RESULTS 32.7% of households with disabled children had faced CHE. Head of household being female (Adjusted OR = 18.89, 95%CI: 10.88-29.42), poor economic status of the household (Q1: Adjusted OR = 20.26, 95% CI, 11.42-35.94; Q2: Adjusted OR = 8.27, 95%CI, 4.45-15.36; Q3: Adjusted OR = 13.88, 95%CI, 7.89-24.41), lack of supplementary insurance by a child with disabilities (Adjusted OR = 6.13, 95%CI, 3.39-11.26), having a child with mental disability (Adjusted OR = 2.71, 95%CI, 1.60-4.69), and type of basic health insurance (having Iranian Health Insurance: Adjusted OR = 2.20, 95%CI, 1.38-3.49; having Social security insurance: Adjusted OR = 1.66, 95%CI, 1.06-2.61) significantly increased the chances of facing CHE. CONCLUSION A significant percentage of households with disabled children had faced CHE because of their disabled child's health costs. The key determinants of CHE should be considered by health policy-makers in order to more financial protection of these households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farman Zahir Abdullah
- College of Education and Language, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Hossein Safari
- Health Promotion Research Cente, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satar Rezaei
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abbas Aghaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Siros Hematpour
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Salahaddin Farshadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nima Naleini
- Research Student Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bakhtiar Piroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Thomas A, Gupta V. Social Capital Theory, Social Exchange Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, Financial Literacy, and the Role of Knowledge Sharing as a Moderator in Enhancing Financial Well-Being: From Bibliometric Analysis to a Conceptual Framework Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:664638. [PMID: 34093360 PMCID: PMC8177823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A person’s financial well-being (FWB) is the complete contentment gained from one’s present financial condition. This has a powerful impact on the entire achievement of an employee’s “well-being.” Researchers, financial analysts, financial planners, educationists, and economists have explored the “enablers” to improve employees’ living standards by investigating the possible “FWB” resources for decades. There is no literature available to show the connection between social capital theory, social exchange theory (SET), social cognitive theory (SCT), financial literacy and FWB, and employees’ financial knowledge sharing a moderator to expand the complete FWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Thomas
- Delhi School of Management, Delhi Technological University, Rohini, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Delhi School of Management, Delhi Technological University, Rohini, India
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Szwarcwald CL, Damacena GN, Barros MBDA, Malta DC, Souza Júnior PRBD, Azevedo LO, Machado ÍE, Lima MG, Romero D, Gomes CS, Werneck AO, Silva DRPD, Gracie R, Pina MDFD. Factors affecting Brazilians' self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00182720. [PMID: 33950075 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00182720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study investigating the factors affecting brazilians' self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on data from the web-based behavior survey. Carried out from April 24 to May 24, 2020, the survey recruited participants by a chain sampling procedure. Its outcome was the worsening of self-rated health during the pandemic. Statistical analysis was based on a hierarchical model of determination. Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, pre-existing health conditions, lifestyle indicators and intensity of social restraint measures, and biological and psychological issues during the pandemic. From the total sample of 45,161 participants, 29.4% reported worsening of health state during this period. After adjusting for hierarchical distal factors, the health problems mostly associated with worsening health state were: bad self-rated health (adjusted OR = 4.35, p < 0.001), health care seeking for mental health problem (adjusted OR = 3.95, p < 0.001), and for COVID-19 (adjusted OR = 3.60, p < 0.001). People who experienced sleep problems, worsening of back pain, depression and at least one flu symptom during the pandemic were twice as likely to report worsening of health status. Sedentary and eating behaviors and adherence to social distancing measures showed significant correlation with the outcome. There exists a relation between social, biological, and psychological factors, mediated by lifestyles and variables pertaining to confinement. Altogether, these factors have negatively affected self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Landmann Szwarcwald
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Giseli Nogueira Damacena
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Otávio Azevedo
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ísis Eloah Machado
- Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brasil
| | | | - Dália Romero
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Crizian Saar Gomes
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | | | - Renata Gracie
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Maria de Fátima de Pina
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Kamalakannan S, Bhattacharjya S, Bogdanova Y, Papadimitriou C, Arango-Lasprilla JC, Bentley J, Jesus TS. Health Risks and Consequences of a COVID-19 Infection for People with Disabilities: Scoping Review and Descriptive Thematic Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4348. [PMID: 33923986 PMCID: PMC8074171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to synthesize the literature on any disproportionate health risks or consequences of a COVID-19 infection for people with disabilities. Scoping review with a descriptive thematic analysis was carried out. Up to mid-September 2020, seven scientific databases and three preprint servers were searched to identify empirical or perspective papers. Snowballing searches and expert' consultations also took place. Two independent reviewers were used for the screenings and data extractions. Of 1027 references, 58 were included, 15 of which were empirical articles. The thematic analysis showed that: (1) People with disabilities living in residential or long-term care facilities were more likely to have greater infection rates; (2) Intersecting mediators of greater infection risks were multiple (e.g., lack of accessible information); (3) People with disabilities often face greater health problems when infected; and (4) Unethical disadvantages in the rationing of lifesaving and critical care can be experienced by people with disabilities. Conclusions: Beyond any health-related vulnerabilities (e.g., comorbidity rates), multiple yet modifiable environmental factors can provide disproportionate health risks and consequences of a COVID-19 infection for people with disabilities. Public health and policy measures must prevent or reduce modifiable environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshkumar Kamalakannan
- Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), South Asia Centre for Disability Inclusive Development and Research (SACDIR), Indian Institute of Public Health-Hyderabad (IIPH-H), Hyderabad 500 033, India;
| | - Sutanuka Bhattacharjya
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Yelena Bogdanova
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christina Papadimitriou
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4452, USA;
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48903 Bilbao, Spain;
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48903 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jacob Bentley
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Tiago S. Jesus
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) & WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Workforce Policy and Planning, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, MA 02215, USA
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A Mobile App to Optimize Social Participation for Individuals with Physical Disabilities: Content Validation and Usability Testing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041753. [PMID: 33670222 PMCID: PMC7916924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Social participation is beneficial for individuals’ health. However, people with disabilities that may lead to mobility limitations tend to experience lower levels of social participation. Information and communication technologies such as the OnRoule mobile application (app) can help promote social participation. Objectives: To obtain potential users’ perceptions on the usability and content of the OnRoule app for providing information on accessibility, as well as its potential to optimize social participation. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional user-centered design study. Individuals with physical disabilities (n = 18) were recruited through community organizations and interviewed using a semi-structured guide. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three main themes were identified: (1) “user-friendliness”; (2) “balance between the amount and relevance of information”; and (3) “potential use of the app”. Discussion and Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that the app was easy to use, had pertinent information, and enabled a positive experience of finding information. However, several areas of improvement were identified, such as the clarity of specific elements, organization and amount of information, optimization of features, and inclusiveness. Apps such as OnRoule could optimize social participation by facilitating the process of finding resources in the community and building a sense of connectedness between users.
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O'Donovan M. The Elusive Inclusive University: What Does This Look Like for Students With Intellectual Disability? An Irish Perspective. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary‐Ann O'Donovan
- Trinity Centre for People with Intellectual Disabilities School of Education, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
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Jesus TS, Kamalakannan S, Bhattacharjya S, Bogdanova Y, Arango-Lasprilla JC, Bentley J, Gibson BE, Papadimitriou C. People with Disabilities and Other Forms of Vulnerability to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study Protocol for a Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2020; 2:100079. [PMID: 32839757 PMCID: PMC7438226 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2020.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a protocol for a scoping review mapping as well as thematically analyzing the literature on the effect of, and responses to, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, focused on people with disabilities with other layers of individual vulnerability or social disadvantage. METHODS We will search scientific databases (Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, AgeLine, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC) and preprint servers (MedRxiv, SocArXiv, PsyArXiv). Google searches, snowballing, and key-informant strategies were also used, including a focus on the gray literature (eg, official reports). Peer-reviewed and preprint publications will be covered in 6 languages, and the gray literature in English. Publications will be included if they address individuals with disabilities; the COVID-19 pandemic or subsequent socioeconomic or occupational effects; and individual or social vulnerabilities, including any form of discrimination, marginalization, or social disadvantage. Two independent reviewers will perform eligibility decisions and key data extractions. Beyond mapping the literature, the results will thematically analyze any disproportionate risks people with disabilities and other forms of vulnerability experience in terms of being infected by COVID-19, having severe health consequences, and facing negative socioeconomic effects. Actions taken or recommended to reduce identified inequalities will also be synthesized. Our entire research team, with diverse backgrounds, will be involved in the synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This review, which we plan to expedite, aims to inform policy makers, health authorities, disability advocates, and other stakeholders regarding the needs and ways to promote equity and disability-inclusive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant socioeconomic shockwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago S. Jesus
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine and WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Workforce Policy and Planning, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Sureshkumar Kamalakannan
- Public Health Foundation of India, South Asia Centre for Disability Inclusive Development and Research, Indian Institute of Public Health–Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sutanuka Bhattacharjya
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yelena Bogdanova
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jacob Bentley
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Barbara E. Gibson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Papadimitriou
- School of Health Sciences, Departments of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, and Sociology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
| | - Refugee Empowerment Task Force, International Networking Group of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine and WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Workforce Policy and Planning, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Public Health Foundation of India, South Asia Centre for Disability Inclusive Development and Research, Indian Institute of Public Health–Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Health Sciences, Departments of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, and Sociology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
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Emerson E, Aitken Z, Krnjacki L, Vaughan C, Llewellyn G, Kavanagh A. Correspondence. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 42:e575-e577. [PMID: 31789375 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Emerson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney LA1 4YW Australia.,Faculty of Health & Medicine, Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster NSW 2140 UK
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Melbourne School Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Lauren Krnjacki
- Melbourne School Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Cathy Vaughan
- Melbourne School Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Gwynnyth Llewellyn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney LA1 4YW Australia
| | - Anne Kavanagh
- Melbourne School Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Emerson E, Fortune N, Llewellyn G, Stancliffe R. Loneliness, social support, social isolation and wellbeing among working age adults with and without disability: Cross-sectional study. Disabil Health J 2020; 14:100965. [PMID: 32843311 PMCID: PMC7403030 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is significantly related to health and wellbeing. However, there is little information on the prevalence of loneliness among people with disability or the association between disability, loneliness and wellbeing. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS For a nationally representative sample of adults (age 16-64) with/without disability, to examine exposure to three indicators of low social connectedness (loneliness, low perceived social support, social isolation), and to evaluate the association between low social connectedness and wellbeing. To test whether disability status moderated the relationship between low social connectedness and wellbeing. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from three annual rounds of the cross-sectional English Community Life Survey (CLS) 2016-19. RESULTS People with disability experienced loneliness, low perceived social support and social isolation at significantly higher rates than people without disability. Effect sizes were significantly greater for loneliness. Disability was associated with lower wellbeing. With one exception, low social connectedness was associated with lower wellbeing. Again, effect sizes were significantly greater for loneliness. The prevalence of loneliness was highest among adults with disability who were younger, economically inactive, living in rented or other accommodation, living alone and with low levels of access to environmental assets. There was no evidence that disability status moderated the association between exposure to low social connectedness and low wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness was a particularly significant driver of poor wellbeing among people with disability. The relative independence between different indicators of social connectedness suggests that interventions to reduce loneliness will need to do more than simply increase rates of social contact or social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia; Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
| | - Nicola Fortune
- Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia
| | - Gwynnyth Llewellyn
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia
| | - Roger Stancliffe
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia
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48
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Boldt MC, Oliveira LC, Kretzschmar GC, Meissner CG, Mallmann MB, da Silveira JM, Lopes FL, Boldt ABW. Depression and Health Self-perception: Associations Within the Isolated Mennonite Population in South Brazil. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 22:1265-1272. [PMID: 32729102 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Mennonite population suffered several bottlenecks due to religious/political persecution, increasing the frequency of diseases with a strong genetic component. We evaluated health self-perception in 430 Mennonites from South Brazilian settlements (two rural, one urban), along with life habits, xenobiotic exposure, and chronic ilnesses, using a modified version of the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey and eight psychometric tests (applied in 2016-2018). Mennonites from rural settlements considered their health worse (P < 0.0001). This was independently associated with any psychiatric disease (OR 3.10, P = 0.037), depression diagnosis (OR 2.39, P = 0.002), spinal pain (OR 1.76, P = 0.015), waist circumference (OR 1.02, P = 0.009) and geographic origin (OR 0.64, P = 0.003). In the multivariate analysis including the scales, independent association also occurred with higher anxiety (ASI-R: OR 6.48, P = 0.014) and depression scores (BDI: OR 6.72, P = 0.008). Thus, a worse health self-perception was unequivocally associated with diagnosed or present depression/anxiety, independent of other contributors, suggesting a strong link between both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Christie Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Psychology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luana Caroline Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Caroline G Meissner
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiana Leão Lopes
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angelica B W Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. .,Post-graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil.
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49
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Prescott M, Miller WC, Routhier F, Mortenson WB. Factors affecting the activity spaces of people who use mobility devices to get around the community. Health Place 2020; 64:102375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Kavanagh A. Disability and public health research in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2020; 44:262-264. [PMID: 32583533 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kavanagh
- Disability and Health, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria
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