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Ziegeldorf A, Schoene D, Fatum A, Brauer K, Wulff H. Associations of family socioeconomic indicators and physical activity of primary school-aged children: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2247. [PMID: 39160508 PMCID: PMC11331658 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family socioeconomic indicators (education, occupation, and household income) are key determinants influencing children's physical activity (PA). This study aims to systematically review the current research about the association between family socioeconomic indicators and PA among primary school-aged children and to quantify the distribution of reported associations by childs' and parents' sex and according to analysis and assessment methods. METHODS A systematic literature research in multiple scientific databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and ERIC) was performed for literature published between 1st January 2010 and 31st March 2022. Only studies reporting statistical associations between an SES indicator of at least one parent (education, occupation, income, or an SES index) and different types and intensities of PA in primary school-aged children (6 to 12 years) were included in the analysis. The distributions of the reported associations were evaluated across and differentiated by sub-group analysis of assessment methods (objectively measured vs. self-reported PA) and analysis methods (univariate vs. multivariate models). RESULTS Overall, 93 studies reported in 77 publications were included in this review. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe and used self-reports (questionnaires) to assess PA. Most studies used only a single SES indicator (commonly maternal education), and only two studies calculated an SES index. The majority of the studies focused on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total physical activity (TPA), and organized physical activity (OPA). Results showed predominantly positive associations between SES indicators and OPA. In contrast, results regarding different intensities of daily PA (TPA, LPA, MPA, MVPA, VPA, LTPA) were heterogeneous, with overwhelmingly no associations. CONCLUSION Overall, the results expand the knowledge about the association between family socioeconomic indicators and children's PA and disprove the hypothesis of a clear positive association. However, large multicenter studies are lacking using a real SES index as a predictor and analyzing gender-specific multivariate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ziegeldorf
- Institut for Execise and Public Health, Faculty for Sports Science, University Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Department of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Robert Bosch Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisa Fatum
- Institut for Execise and Public Health, Faculty for Sports Science, University Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Brauer
- Institut for Execise and Public Health, Faculty for Sports Science, University Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hagen Wulff
- Institut for Sports Pedagogy, Faculty for Sports Science, University Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
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Guerra J, Jhon J, Lanza K, Castro G, Barengo NC. The availability between recreational facilities and physical activity of US adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102592. [PMID: 38283963 PMCID: PMC10820262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the locations where adolescents tend to accumulate greater amounts of physical activity may assist policymakers to address the built environment design and promote PA. This study evaluated the association between the availability of recreational facilities and average minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day of US adolescents in 2017 (n = 1,437). Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 2017 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating study, an internet-based study collecting information on diet and PA of parent and adolescent dyads. Adolescents aged 12-17 from the US were included. Predicted daily minutes of MVPA were calculated. The exposure variables of interest were the availability of school recreational facilities, indoor recreational facilities, playing fields, bike/hiking/walking trails or paths or public parks. Participants were excluded if no information was provided for MVPA or availability of recreational facilities. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analysis was used to calculate mean daily minutes of MVPA and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. In fully adjusted models, we found statistically significant associations between the type of recreational facility and differences in daily minutes of MVPA for school (p-value < 0.001) and public parks p-value < 0.001), but not for the other recreational facilities. The average daily minutes of MVPA differed by 4.4 min (95 % CI 2.6, 6.2) if participants had school recreational facilities, respectively. School recreational facilities are important for engaging adolescents in PA objectives. Features within school recreational facilities should be studied to further investigate contributions to increased PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamee Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Johnatan Jhon
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Lanza
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Grettel Castro
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noël C. Barengo
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Pereira S, Reyes AC, Chaves R, Santos C, Vasconcelos O, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Baxter-Jones A, Maia J. Correlates of the Physical Activity Decline during Childhood. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:2129-2137. [PMID: 35941524 PMCID: PMC9669110 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe longitudinal trends in children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and to investigate associations with individual, familial, and school characteristics. METHODS A sample of 341 Portuguese children age 5-10 yr (173 girls) from six age cohorts was followed over 3 yr using a mixed-longitudinal design. Physical activity, body mass index (BMI), gross motor coordination, and musculoskeletal fitness were assessed annually. Information on socioeconomic status and school characteristics was collected and analyzed with mixed models. RESULTS MVPA shows a similar declining trend in both sexes, but on average, boys exceeded the World Health Organization recommendations of 60 min·d -1 . The best model showed that boys spend, on average, more time in MVPA than girls. Children with lower BMI are less prone to the decline in MVPA, whereas higher levels of musculoskeletal fitness were associated with lower declines in MVPA. Of all school characteristics, only playground dimension was related to MVPA decreasing trajectories. CONCLUSIONS MVPA systematically declines from 5 to 10 yr of age in both boys and girls, but boys remained more active than girls across the age range. The best predictors of MVPA decline are sex, BMI, musculoskeletal fitness, and school playground dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
- CIDEFES, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, PORTUGAL
| | - Ana Carolina Reyes
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Cape Verde, Mindelo, CAPE VERDE
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Carla Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
| | | | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CANADA
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
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Brugnaro BH, de Camargo OK, Corsi C, de Campos AC, Fernandes G, Pavão SL, Rocha NACF. Functioning of children and adolescents with Down syndrome and the association with environmental barriers and facilitators during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2022; 26:824-838. [PMID: 34519228 DOI: 10.1177/17446295211032763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare functioning and environmental aspects before and during physical distancing (DPD) and to determine which social, physical, behavioral and functioning aspects of DPD are correlated. METHODS Sixteen parents of children/adolescents with Down syndrome (11.38 ± 3.00 years) were surveyed before and DPD. Paired t-tests were used to compare functioning and environmental aspects before and DPD and chi-square tests were used to test associations. RESULTS There were increases in the frequency (p < 0.001) and involvement (p = 0.01) in home participation and on the impact, noticed by the parents, of the possibility of child to participate in daily activities (p = 0.036), as well as a reduction in social supports perceived by caregivers (p = 0.049). An association was found between the child's socio-emotional difficulties symptoms and practice of physical activity (p = 0.043) and with parents' satisfaction with the level of child's home participation (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Functioning can be affected in either positive or negative ways.
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Kininmonth AR, Schrempft S, Smith A, Dye L, Lawton C, Fisher A, Llewellyn C, Fildes A. The Home Environment Interview and associations with energy balance behaviours and body weight in school-aged children - a feasibility, reliability, and validity study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:167. [PMID: 34949200 PMCID: PMC8698661 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The home environment is thought to influence children's weight trajectories. However, few studies utilise composite measures of the home environment to examine associations with energy balance behaviours and weight. The present study aimed to adapt and update a comprehensive measure of the obesogenic home environment previously developed for pre-schoolers, and explore associations with school-aged children's energy balance behaviours and weight. METHODS Families from the Gemini cohort (n = 149) completed the Home Environment Interview (HEI) via telephone when their children were 12 years old. The HEI comprises four composite scores: one for each domain (food, activity and media) of the environment, as well as a score for the overall obesogenic home environment. The primary caregiver also reported each child's height and weight (using standard scales and height charts), diet, physical activity and sedentary screen-based behaviours. A test-retest sample (n = 20) of caregivers completed the HEI a second time, 7-14 days after the initial interview, to establish test-retest reliability. RESULTS Children (n = 298) living in 'higher-risk' home environments (a 1 unit increase in the HEI obesogenic risk score) were less likely to consume fruits (OR; 95% CI = 0.40; 0.26-0.61, p < 0.001), and vegetables (0.30; 0.18-0.52, p < 0.001), and more likely to consume energy-dense snack foods (1.71; 1.08-2.69, p = 0.022), convenience foods (2.58; 1.64-4.05, p < 0.001), and fast foods (3.09; 1.90-5.04, p < 0.001). Children living in more obesogenic home environments also engaged in more screen-time (β (SE) = 4.55 (0.78), p < 0.001), spent more time playing video games (β (SE) = 1.56 (0.43), p < 0.001), and were less physically active (OR; 95% CI = 0.57; 0.40-0.80, p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a positive association between higher-risk overall home environment composite score and higher BMI-SDS (β (SE) = 0.23 (0.09), p < 0.01). This finding was mirrored for the home media composite (β (SE) = 0.12 (0.03), p < 0.001). The individual home food and activity composite scores were not associated with BMI-SDS. CONCLUSION Findings reveal associations between the overall obesogenic home environment and dietary intake, activity levels and screen-based sedentary behaviours, as well as BMI in 12 year olds. These findings suggest that the home environment, and in particular the home media environment, may be an important target for obesity prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Schrempft
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Smith
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Dye
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Clare Lawton
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | - Alison Fildes
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Factors Affecting Physical Activity of School Adolescents in Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137011. [PMID: 34209078 PMCID: PMC8296940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors that may influence the physical activity of adolescents (ages 10–14) in Pakistani schools. A set of questionnaires that included individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors and PA behavior was completed by the 618 students selected from Pakistani schools. Stepwise forward regression model was applied to check the possible effects of multilevel variables on physical activity and to extract the stronger predictors. The results showed that physical activity was significantly predicted by individual level factors such as self-efficacy, motivation, and attitude. Among the demographic correlates, gender, age, and BMI did not affect physical activity, while socioeconomic status and geographic characteristics had a meaningful association with PA. At the interpersonal level, adolescents’ perception of family support had a potential influence on physical activity, while there was no impact of friends/peers and teachers support on adolescents’ PA. A school environmental characteristic, such as PA facility, was positively related to PA; however, the impact of PA equipment, safety, and policy and PA culture were statistically non-significant. The findings suggest that public health intervention strategies aimed at promoting PA in adolescents should recognize multiple levels of influences that may either enhance or impede the likelihood of PA among adolescents.
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Noh W, Kim KY. Review of Ecological Approach Factors Affecting Physical Activity among Older People. West J Nurs Res 2021; 44:799-808. [PMID: 34032167 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211017530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to investigate factors affecting physical activity among older people at the individual, social, and environmental levels based on an ecological approach. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Korean databases to identify all relevant studies that examined physical activity of older people using an ecological approach. Individual factors included socio-demographic characteristics, physical function components, and subjective health perceptions. Social factors included intimate relationships and social support. Environmental factors included physical living conditions, movement-related components, and policies and programs that affect the environment. This review analyzed the factors affecting physical activity of older people in three levels based on the ecological approach. This result provides a basis for managing, preventing, and promoting physical activity in older people based on an ecological approach and highlights the importance of environmental factors for improving physical activity among older people when applying foundational data for health prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Noh
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Hu D, Zhou S, Crowley-McHattan ZJ, Liu Z. Factors That Influence Participation in Physical Activity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review from the Social Ecological Model Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3147. [PMID: 33803733 PMCID: PMC8003258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity in children and adolescents has become a global problem. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing literature regarding the factors that influence participation in physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with reference to the social ecological model (SEM) proposed by McLeroy et al. (1988). The SEM provides a framework under which the influencing factors are categorized into five levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. A systematic search of relevant literature published before July 2020 was conducted through Ebsco, ProQuest, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected articles were all of high quality as assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). The results indicated that gender, age, ethnicity, and self-concept were the most common influencing factors at the intrapersonal level. At the interpersonal and organization levels, supports from friends, parents, and teachers were positive predictors of students' PA participation. Accessibility of facilities and safe neighborhoods was a crucial factor that influenced children and adolescents' participation in PA at the community level. Future studies on the effective types of policies or practices that could successfully promote facilities' accessibility and improve neighborhood safety are required. The outcomes of this systematic review are expected to inform practice and support the development and implementation of sound policies for the promotion of PA participation in children or adolescents from a comprehensive social ecological viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Hu
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (S.Z.); (Z.J.C.-M.)
- School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (S.Z.); (Z.J.C.-M.)
| | | | - Zhiyun Liu
- School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
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Lincoln DJ, Clemens SL. Where children play sport: A comparative analysis of participation in organised sport in school and club settings. Health Promot J Austr 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hpja.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Lincoln
- Preventive Health Branch Department of Health Queensland Government Herston Australia
| | - Susan L. Clemens
- Preventive Health Branch Department of Health Queensland Government Herston Australia
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Barker KM, Dunn EC, Richmond TK, Ahmed S, Hawrilenko M, Evans CR. Cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM) in health research: A systematic review of published empirical studies and recommendations for best practices. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100661. [PMID: 32964097 PMCID: PMC7490849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing that health outcomes are influenced by and occur within multiple social and physical contexts, researchers have used multilevel modeling techniques for decades to analyze hierarchical or nested data. Cross-Classified Multilevel Models (CCMM) are a statistical technique proposed in the 1990s that extend standard multilevel modeling and enable the simultaneous analysis of non-nested multilevel data. Though use of CCMM in empirical health studies has become increasingly popular, there has not yet been a review summarizing how CCMM are used in the health literature. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review of empirical health studies using CCMM to: (a) evaluate the extent to which this statistical approach has been adopted; (b) assess the rationale and procedures for using CCMM; and (c) provide concrete recommendations for the future use of CCMM. We identified 118 CCMM papers published in English-language literature between 1994 and 2018. Our results reveal a steady growth in empirical health studies using CCMM to address a wide variety of health outcomes in clustered non-hierarchical data. Health researchers use CCMM primarily for five reasons: (1) to statistically account for non-independence in clustered data structures; out of substantive interest in the variance explained by (2) concurrent contexts, (3) contexts over time, and (4) age-period-cohort effects; and (5) to apply CCMM alongside other techniques within a joint model. We conclude by proposing a set of recommendations for use of CCMM with the aim of improved clarity and standardization of reporting in future research using this statistical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Barker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tracy K. Richmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Department of Sociology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Matthew Hawrilenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clare R. Evans
- Department of Sociology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Button BLG, Clark AF, Martin G, Graat M, Gilliland JA. Measuring Temporal Differences in Rural Canadian Children's Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238734. [PMID: 33255449 PMCID: PMC7727807 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure the factors that influence children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during school curriculum time, recess time, and outside school time in a rural area. During the Fall and Winter of 2016, 34 boys and 55 girls aged 8–14 years from rural communities in rural Northwestern Ontario participated in the Spatial Temporal Environment and Activity Monitoring project. The children’s MVPA was measured using an accelerometer, and child-level demographic, behavioral, and environmental data were gathered from surveys, passively logging global positioning units, and municipal datasets. Data on daily temperature and precipitation were gathered from the closest Environment Canada weather station. A mixed model was used to assess the relationship between child- and day-level factors and children’s MVPA. On average, children were getting 12.9 min of MVPA during recess, 17.7 min during curriculum time, and 29.0 min of MVPA outside school time. During all three time points, boys were more active than girls. During curriculum time, children in lower grades were more active, and the weather had differing impacts depending on the time of day. The findings of this study illustrate the differences in MVPA and the factors that influence MVPA by time of day. Examining different time segments provides valuable information for understanding children’s MVPA patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton L. G. Button
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (A.F.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 81239); Fax: +1-519-661-3750
| | - Andrew F. Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (A.F.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Gina Martin
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (A.F.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Megan Graat
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (A.F.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Jason A. Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (A.F.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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12
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Button BLG, Martin G, Clark AF, Graat M, Gilliland JA. Examining Factors of Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Time in a Sample of Rural Canadian Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7110232. [PMID: 33212897 PMCID: PMC7698431 DOI: 10.3390/children7110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine potential child-level and day-level factors of accelerometer-measured sedentary time in a sample of rural Canadian children. Children (n = 86) from rural Northwestern Ontario participated in this study. Children’s sedentary times were identified and logged using an accelerometer. Child-level data (socio-demographic, household, and environment) came from surveys of children and their parents and a passively logging global positioning unit. Day-level data on day type (weekday/weekend) and weather (temperature, precipitation) were based on the dates of data collection and meteorological data came from the closest Environment Canada weather station. Cross-classified regression models were used to assess the relationship between child-level and day-level correlates of sedentary time. Boys were less sedentary than girls (b = −30.53 p = 0.01). For each one-year age increase, children’s sedentary time increased (b = 12.79 p < 0.01). This study indicates a difference in sedentary time based on a child’s age and gender. However, family, environmental, and weather characteristics did not influence sedentary time in this sample. Health practitioners who deliver care for northern rural youth can provide targeted health advice regarding sedentary time and consider gender and age to be risk factors for these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton L. G. Button
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (G.M.); (A.F.C.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111; Fax: +1-519-661-3750
| | - Gina Martin
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (G.M.); (A.F.C.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Andrew F. Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (G.M.); (A.F.C.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Megan Graat
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (G.M.); (A.F.C.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Jason A. Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (G.M.); (A.F.C.); (M.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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13
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Kuan MTY, Voss C, Lopez J, Hemphill NM, Harris KC. Children with congenital heart disease exhibit seasonal variation in physical activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241187. [PMID: 33151936 PMCID: PMC7644044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify seasonal variation in physical activity that different physical activity measurement tools can capture in children with congenital heart disease. METHODS Data were collected as part of a prospective cohort study at BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. Daily step counts of children aged 9-16 years with moderate-to-severe CHD were assessed continuously for 1-year via a commercial activity tracker (Fitbit Charge 2™). Physical activity levels were also assessed conventionally at one time-point via accelerometers (ActiGraph) and physical activity questionnaires. RESULTS 156 children (mean age 12.7±2.4 years; 42% female) participated in the study. Fitbit data (n = 96) over a 1-year period clearly illustrated seasonal peaks (late spring and autumn) and dips (winter and summer school holidays) in physical activity levels, with group mean values being below 12,000 steps per day throughout the year. According to conventional accelerometry data (n = 142), 26% met guidelines, which tended to differ according to season of measurement (spring: 39%, summer: 11%, fall: 20%, winter: 39%; p-value = 0.053). Questionnaire data (n = 134) identified that the most widely reported activities were walking (81%) and running (78%) with walking being the highest in summer and fall and running in winter and spring. Furthermore, regardless of overall activity levels the children exhibit similar seasonal variation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that physical activity level changes across seasons in children with CHD. It is important to be aware of these fluctuations when assessing and interpreting physical activity levels. Season specific counselling for physical activity may be beneficial in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi T. Y. Kuan
- Children’s Heart Centre, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Voss
- Children’s Heart Centre, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jimmy Lopez
- Children’s Heart Centre, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Hemphill
- Children’s Heart Centre, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin C. Harris
- Children’s Heart Centre, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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14
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Button BLG, Shah TI, Clark AF, Wilk P, Gilliland JA. Examining weather-related factors on physical activity levels of children from rural communities. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2020; 112:107-114. [PMID: 32661935 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the influence of weather on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA) levels of children aged 8-14 years from rural communities, an understudied Canadian population. METHODS Children (n = 90) from four communities in rural Northwestern Ontario participated in this study between September and December 2016. Children's MVPA and LPA were measured using an Actical accelerometer and demographic data were gathered from surveys of children and their parents. Weather data were collected from the closest weather station. Cross-classified regression models were used to assess the relationship between weather and children's MVPA and LPA. RESULTS Boys accumulated more MVPA than girls (b = 26.38, p < 0.01), children were more active on weekdays as compared with weekends (b = - 16.23, p < 0.01), children were less active on days with precipitation (b = - 22.88, p < 0.01), and higher temperature led to a significant increase in MVPA (b = 1.33, p < 0.01). As children aged, they accumulated less LPA (b = - 9.36, p < 0.01) and children who perceived they had higher levels of physical functioning got more LPA (b = 25.18, p = 0.02). Similar to MVPA, children had higher levels of LPA on weekdays (b = - 37.24, p < 0.01) as compared to weekend days and children accumulated less LPA (b = -50.01, p < 0.01) on days with rain. CONCLUSION The study findings indicate that weather influences rural children's MVPA and LPA. Future research is necessary to incorporate these findings into interventions to increase rural children's overall PA levels and improve their overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton L G Button
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tayyab I Shah
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew F Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. .,School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Button BLG, Clark AF, Gilliland JA. Understanding factors associated with children achieving recommended amount of MVPA on weekdays and weekend days. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101145. [PMID: 32695564 PMCID: PMC7364162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are consistently reported for children from industrialized countries. Perennially inadequate levels of MVPA have been linked to increased chronic disease risks. Very few studies have compared physical activity levels among children from geographically diverse places, and how they differ on weekdays versus weekends. The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that influence whether children achieve 60 min of MVPA on weekdays compared to weekend days. Data were analyzed on children (n = 532) aged 8-14 years from communities in Southern and Northern Ontario, Canada that participated in the study between 2009 and 2016. Children's MVPA was measured using an Actical accelerometer, environmental features measured with a geographic information system, and demographic data came from child/parent surveys. Variables were selected using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The variables were entered into logistic regression models to assess the relationship between children meeting the MVPA guidelines. During the week, boys were more active than girls (OR = 4.652 p < 0.001) and as age increased children were less likely to reach the MVPA guidelines (OR = 0.758 p = 0.013). On weekends boys were still more likely to meet the guidelines (OR = 1.683 p = 0.014) and children living in rural Northern Ontario were more likely to reach the MVPA guidelines compared to all groups in Southern Ontario. The findings indicate that different variables influence whether children meet the MVPA guidelines on weekdays compared to weekends. Comparing weekdays and weekends provides more useful information for creating effective MVPA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton L G Button
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew F Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Ferreira da Silva dos Santos S, Bordin D, Dornelas de Souza EF, Freitas Júnior IF. Study protocol and baseline characteristics of "SCHOOL IN ACTION" program on support to physical activity and healthy lifestyles in adolescents. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 17:100505. [PMID: 32211554 PMCID: PMC7083769 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes positive effects on people's health, but most adolescents do not engage in sufficient physical activity to receive the benefits. Studies suggest that school-based interventions can be effective in increasing physical activity in adolescents. However, the literature is inconsistent on the effect size and the type of intervention. This paper presents the design of the SCHOOL IN ACTION program to increase physical activity engagement and healthy eating habits. The cluster randomized controlled trial was performed during a period of six months of intervention and 12 months of follow-up in adolescents from four Brazilian public schools. The theoretical model is based on health promoting schools and the social-ecological and self-determination theory. The action strategies were: improvement of exercises intensity during physical education classes and during lunch breaks; vegetable gardening experience; active breaks in non-physical education classes; counselling health to parents and adolescents and changes in the school environment to promote physical activity and healthy eating. Primary variables were physical activity and sedentary behavior (both assessed by accelerometers). Secondary variables were body composition (assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and eating habits (assessed by questionnaire and 3-day food recall). Questionnaires were used to assess other information related to life satisfaction, health behavior and socioeconomic information. Statistical analysis will follow the principles of intention-to-treat and will explore the composition data analysis and mediating factors of lifestyle-related behaviors. We propose that SCHOOL IN ACTION program will be effective to provide evidence to increase physical activity and food healthy habits in adolescents' students. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03153176. TRIAL STATUS: Follow-up and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueyla Ferreira da Silva dos Santos
- Institute of Social Science, Education and Zootechnics, Federal University of Amazonas, Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Institute of Social Science, Education and Zootechnics, Federal University of Amazonas, Parintins-Macurany Street, 1805, Jacareacanga, Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Drenya Bordin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Wyszyńska J, Ring-Dimitriou S, Thivel D, Weghuber D, Hadjipanayis A, Grossman Z, Ross-Russell R, Dereń K, Mazur A. Physical Activity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: The Position of the European Childhood Obesity Group and the European Academy of Pediatrics. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:535705. [PMID: 33224905 PMCID: PMC7674497 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.535705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects an increasing number of children and adolescents. Physical activity (PA) is a significant factor in the prevention of excessive body mass in the pediatric population. A significant percentage of pediatric population do not attain the public health recommendation for PA, and typically, those with higher levels of PA have lower content of body fat than less active peers. Although the development of childhood obesity is multifactorial, the decline in energy expenditure is considered as one of the most important determinants of excessive body weight. The lack of intervention causes that excess body weight to remain stable from birth through childhood and adolescence to adulthood. Accordingly, public health interventions are needed to increase the level of PA in the pediatric population. The task force from the European Childhood Obesity Group and the European Academy of Pediatrics reviewed English language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases, from 2018 to August 2020, and developed a consensus statement. This statement presents the role of PA in the prevention of excessive body weight and gives age-appropriate recommendations for PA and recommendations for school-based interventions, parents, and guardians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wyszyńska
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland.,European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susanne Ring-Dimitriou
- European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron-University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Thivel
- European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- Medical School, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zachi Grossman
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Robert Ross-Russell
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland.,European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Artur Mazur
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland.,European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium.,European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Smith C, Clark AF, Wilk P, Tucker P, Gilliland JA. Assessing the effectiveness of a naturally occurring population-level physical activity intervention for children. Public Health 2019; 178:62-71. [PMID: 31622900 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a recreation access pass on grade 5 children's physical activity (PA) levels. STUDY DESIGN This is a pre-post evaluation of a population-level community-based intervention. METHODS All grade 5 students in (London, Ontario, Canada) were invited to participate in the [ACT-i-Pass] program (G5AP) in May 2014. A total of 643 children completed surveys, that included Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), at baseline (October 2014) and 6-month follow-up (April 2015). Difference in the means t-test compared PAQ-C scores between baseline and follow-up for the sample and subgroups. Multiple regression analysis tested associations between change in PAQ-C scores and intrapersonal-, interpersonal-, and physical environment-level variables. RESULTS PA increased significantly from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Girls, visible minorities, immigrants, and children with low parental support experienced significant increases in PA. Regression found girls benefitted from the G5AP significantly more than boys, and lower parental support is related to increases in PA. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that collaboratively developed, community-based interventions can significantly increase children's PA levels, particularly among subgroups with traditionally lower PA. The pre-post evaluation of this community-based intervention provides useful evidence for developing policies and programs aimed at making population-level improvements in children's PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Smith
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - A F Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - P Wilk
- Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, N6C 2V5, Canada; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - P Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - J A Gilliland
- Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, N6C 2V5, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, School of Health Studies, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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19
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Brown T, Thyer L. The convergent validity of the Children's Leisure Assessment Scale (CLASS) and Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children (CAPE/PAC). Scand J Occup Ther 2019; 27:349-363. [PMID: 31599187 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2019.1672784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Children's play and leisure participation is often assessed by occupational therapists. As such, it is essential that therapists utilize play and leisure scales that are valid, reliable and responsive.Aim: To examine the convergent validity between the Children's Leisure Assessment Scale (CLASS) and Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children (CAPE/PAC).Methods: Forty healthy Australian children (60% female; mean age 9.2 ± 2.01 years) completed the CLASS and CAPE/PAC. Spearman's rho correlations with bootstrapping were completed.Results: A number of the CLASS and CAPE/PAC subscales were significantly correlated. The CAPE's overall scale scores and CLASS's instrumental indoor activities, outdoor activities and games and sport activities subscales were significantly correlated (p > 0.05). The CAPE's Social domain showed several significant correlations with the CLASS's instrumental indoor activities, outdoor activities and self-enrichment activities domains (p < 0.05). Statistically significant relationships were found between the CLASS's outdoor activity preference and the PAC's recreational, physical, formal, informal and overall performance scores (r = 0.466-0.773, p < 0.05).Conclusions and Significance: Preliminary evidence in support of the convergent validity between the CAPE/PAC and CLASS was obtained. Limitations include a small sample size and convenience sampling. Further investigation of the psychometric properties of the CAPE/PAC and CLASS are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Australia
| | - Laura Thyer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Australia
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20
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Parental Perception of Barriers to Children's Participation in Sports: Biological, Social, and Geographic Correlates of Portuguese Children. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:595-600. [PMID: 31195909 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Identifying parental perceived barriers might contribute to strategies to promote physical activity in children. This study aimed to observe parental perceived barriers for 6- to 10-year-old children's participation in organized sports and understand to what extent the socioeconomic status, the place of residence, and children's sex, age, and sport participation affect those perceived barriers. Methods: Data were collected from 834 parents of 6- to 10-year-old children living in the Portuguese Midlands, using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Parents reported the perceived barriers to children's sport activities, such as time, health, transportation, costs, safety, facilities, weather, tiredness, and lack of interest. Children's and sociodemographic characteristics were also collected. Results: Time and costs were the most reported barriers by parents. Barriers to access were mostly reported by parents of girls and younger children, parents of inactive children, and families living in an urban setting and in socioeconomic disadvantage. Perceived barriers differed according to both children's and sociodemographic characteristics, highlighting the need to reduce costs and increase the variety of sports/facilities, particularly in families with girls, younger children, and those with lower incomes from more urbanized areas. Conclusions: The present findings should be considered in future planning and interventions to effectively promote physical activity in children.
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Liangruenrom N, Craike M, Biddle SJH, Suttikasem K, Pedisic Z. Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Thai population: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:414. [PMID: 30991973 PMCID: PMC6469108 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the importance of knowing the potential impediments and enablers for physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in a specific population, the aim of this study was to systematically review and summarise evidence on individual, social, environmental, and policy correlates of PA and SB in the Thai population. METHODS A systematic review of articles written in Thai and English was conducted. Studies that reported at least one correlate for PA and/or SB in a healthy Thai population were selected independently by two authors. Data on 21 variables were extracted. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 25,007 records were screened and 167 studies were included. The studies reported associations with PA for a total of 261 variables, mostly for adults and older adults. For most of the variables, evidence was available from a limited number of studies. Consistent evidence was found for individual-level and social correlates of PA in children/adolescents and adults and for individual-level correlates of PA in older adults. Self-efficacy and perceived barriers were consistently associated with PA in all age groups. Other consistently identified individual-level correlates in adults and older adults included self-rated general health, mental health, perceived benefits, and attitudes towards PA. Consistent evidence was also found for social correlates of PA in adults, including social support, interpersonal influences, parent/family influences, and information support. The influence of friendship/companionship was identified as a correlate of PA only in children/adolescents. A limited number of studies examined SB correlates, especially in older adults. The studies reported associations with SB for a total of 41 variables. Consistent evidence of association with SB was only found for obesity in adults. Some evidence suggests that male adults engage more in SB than females. CONCLUSIONS More Thai studies are needed on (i) PA correlates, particularly among children/adolescents, and that focus on environment- and policy-related factors and (ii) SB correlates, particularly among older adults. Researchers are also encouraged to conduct longitudinal studies to provide evidence on prospective and causal relationships, and subject to feasibility, use device-based measures of PA and SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
- 0000 0004 1937 0490grid.10223.32Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Melinda Craike
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Australian Health Policy Collaboration, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
| | - Stuart J. H. Biddle
- 0000 0004 0473 0844grid.1048.dInstitute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300 Australia
| | - Kanyapat Suttikasem
- 0000 0004 1937 0490grid.10223.32Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
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Long S, Rogers ML, Gjelsvik A. The influence of depression status on weekly exercise in children ages 6 to 17 years. Prev Med Rep 2019; 13:199-204. [PMID: 30705806 PMCID: PMC6348765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been found to be an effective treatment for mild to moderate depression. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between depression status and weekly exercise in children ages 6 to 17 years stratifying by age and sex using a large nationally representative sample. The study data (n = 65,059) came from the 2011-12 National Survey of Children's Health. Depression categories were current, former, and no history of diagnosed depression. Exercise categories were exercising ≤6 days a week and 7 days a week. Multivariable regression stratified by age and by sex was conducted on the weighted survey data. Among children age 6 to 17, 95.2% were never depressed, 2.1% were formerly depressed, and 2.8% were currently depressed and 28.0% exercised daily. Currently depressed children had 0.75 (95% CI 0.56, 1.00) times and formerly depressed children had 1.09 (95% CI 0.76, 1.57) times the adjusted odds of exercising daily compared to never depressed children. Stratified separately by sex and by age, females and children age 12 to 17 with current depression had 0.63 (95% CI 0.42, 0.94) and 0.48 (95% CI 0.35, 0.66) times the adjusted odds of exercising daily compared to their counterparts with no depression. This study indicates a significant difference in daily exercise habits between currently depressed children age 12 to 17 and females compared to their never depressed counterparts. Healthcare workers should be aware of the possible heightened risk of physical inactivity for depressed female children and children age 12 to 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Long
- Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Michelle L. Rogers
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Annie Gjelsvik
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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23
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Birtwistle SB, Ashcroft G, Murphy R, Gee I, Poole H, Watson PM. Factors influencing patient uptake of an exercise referral scheme: a qualitative study. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:113-127. [PMID: 30307496 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise referral schemes aim to increase physical activity amongst inactive individuals with or at risk of long-term health conditions. Yet many patients referred to these schemes (by health professionals) fail to take up the exercise opportunities on offer. Understanding factors influencing uptake to exercise referral schemes may help improve future attendance. Using the Socio-Ecological Model as a framework, this qualitative study aimed to explore factors influencing uptake to an exercise referral scheme based in the North West of England. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with referred patients (n = 38) about their reasons for referral, interactions with referring health professionals, events following referral and ideas to improve future uptake. Data were analysed thematically and mapped onto the constructs of the Socio-Ecological Model. Factors reported to influence uptake included intrapersonal (past PA experiences, motivation, competing priorities), interpersonal (scheme explanations, support) and organizational influences (scheme promotion, communication between service, cost). Whilst several intrapersonal-level factors influenced patient decisions to uptake the exercise referral scheme, modifiable interpersonal and organizational factors were identified as potential targets for intervention. Recommendations are made for improving awareness of exercise referral schemes and for enhancing communication between referring practitioners, patients and referral scheme staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Birtwistle
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - G Ashcroft
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - R Murphy
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - I Gee
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - H Poole
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - P M Watson
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
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24
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Alharbi M. Influence of individual and family factors on physical activity among Saudi girls: a cross-sectional study. Ann Saudi Med 2019; 39:13-21. [PMID: 30712046 PMCID: PMC6464675 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2019.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a major public health problem and one of the main causes of noncommunicable diseases among children. The physical activity (PA) of children has been studied extensively in other countries, but not in Saudi Arabia, most especially among school-based girls. OBJECTIVES Assess the PA among older Saudi girls (10-15 years old) and determine the influence of various personal and family factors on PA. DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING Primary and middle schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Using a multi-stage stratified sampling technique, school girls were surveyed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Personal and familial factors that influenced PA levels were assessed by multiple regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES PA levels of Saudi school girls. SAMPLE SIZE 464 girls. RESULTS The mean (SD) score of the respondents in the PAQ-C was 2.63 (0.57, range=1.27-4.24). The majority of the older children re.ported a moderate level of PA in the last seven days (73.5%), whereas 22.4% and 4.1% of them reported low and high levels of PA, respectively. Employment status of the parents and monthly family income were significant factors that influenced the PA of children. CONCLUSIONS The findings reiterate the significance of improving the PA of school girls and the critical role of the family in improving chil.dren's PA. Multisectoral coordination between schools, health agencies, families, and other concerned agencies to plan and implement interventions should help increase the PA of school girls. LIMITATIONS The use of self-report may have introduced some levels of social desirability bias. The study was only conducted in a single city. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alharbi
- Dr. Manal Alharbi Department of Maternity and Child Health Nursing,, College of Nursing, King Saud University,, Riyadh 11422, Saudi Arabia, T: +966 118058533 , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6630.7476
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25
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Taylor LG, Clark AF, Wilk P, Button BL, Gilliland JA. Exploring the Effect of Perceptions on Children's Physical Activity in Varying Geographic Contexts: Using a Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Examine a Cross-Sectional Dataset. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5120159. [PMID: 30486424 PMCID: PMC6306871 DOI: 10.3390/children5120159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Most Canadian children are not meeting the recommended 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. Research suggests that children’s perceptions of their environment have an influence on their physical activity behaviours, but there is a lack of generalizability among previous work. The purpose of this study was to assess the mediating effect of children’s perceptions of barriers to physical activity on the relationship between their environments and their level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (measured with accelerometers). Structural equation modelling stratified by gender was used to assess the research objective in a sample of 546 participants aged 8–14 years old from Northwestern and Southwestern Ontario, Canada. In both models stratified by gender, perceptions of barriers did not significantly mediate the relationship between urbanicity and physical activity. Independent of all other factors, there was no significant relationship between urbanicity and physical activity in girls, but there was in boys. These results offer insight into potential processes by which perceptions impact physical activity and provide initial information to further our understanding of the behavioural aspects of physical activity through multiple levels of analysis. Researchers must continue to improve efforts for quantifying the experience of children’s daily activity contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah G Taylor
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - Andrew F Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Brenton L Button
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- School of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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