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Zeng P, Shu LZ, Zhou YH, Huang HL, Wei SH, Liu WJ, Deng H. Stem Cell Division and Its Critical Role in Mammary Gland Development and Tumorigenesis: Current Progress and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:449-467. [PMID: 38943275 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2024.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The origin of breast cancer (BC) has traditionally been a focus of medical research. It is widely acknowledged that BC originates from immortal mammary stem cells and that these stem cells participate in two division modes: symmetric cell division (SCD) and asymmetrical cell division (ACD). Although both of these modes are key to the process of breast development and their imbalance is closely associated with the onset of BC, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena deserve in-depth exploration. In this review, we first outline the molecular mechanisms governing ACD/SCD and analyze the role of ACD/SCD in various stages of breast development. We describe that the changes in telomerase activity, the role of polar proteins, and the stimulation of ovarian hormones subsequently lead to two distinct consequences: breast development or carcinogenesis. Finally, gene mutations, abnormalities in polar proteins, modulation of signal-transduction pathways, and alterations in the microenvironment disrupt the balance of BC stem cell division modes and cause BC. Important regulatory factors such as mammalian Inscuteable mInsc, Numb, Eya1, PKCα, PKCθ, p53, and IL-6 also play significant roles in regulating pathways of ACD/SCD and may constitute key targets for future research on stem cell division, breast development, and tumor therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Female
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Animals
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Cell Division
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin-Zhen Shu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Lin Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Shu-Hua Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Jian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Al Jaf AIA, Peria S, Fabiano T, Ragnini-Wilson A. Remyelinating Drugs at a Crossroad: How to Improve Clinical Efficacy and Drug Screenings. Cells 2024; 13:1326. [PMID: 39195216 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Axons wrapped around the myelin sheath enable fast transmission of neuronal signals in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Unfortunately, myelin can be damaged by injury, viral infection, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Remyelination is a spontaneous process that can restore nerve conductivity and thus movement and cognition after a demyelination event. Cumulative evidence indicates that remyelination can be pharmacologically stimulated, either by targeting natural inhibitors of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) differentiation or by reactivating quiescent Neural Stem Cells (qNSCs) proliferation and differentiation in myelinating Oligodendrocytes (OLs). Although promising results were obtained in animal models for demyelination diseases, none of the compounds identified have passed all the clinical stages. The significant number of patients who could benefit from remyelination therapies reinforces the urgent need to reassess drug selection approaches and develop strategies that effectively promote remyelination. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technologies with patient-derived cell-based assays and organoid models is expected to lead to novel strategies and drug screening pipelines to achieve this goal. In this review, we explore the current literature on these technologies and their potential to enhance the identification of more effective drugs for clinical use in CNS remyelination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aland Ibrahim Ahmed Al Jaf
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Peria
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fabiano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Ragnini-Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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3
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Zhang J, Li H, Niswander LA. m 5C methylated lncRncr3-MeCP2 interaction restricts miR124a-initiated neurogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5136. [PMID: 38879605 PMCID: PMC11180186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordination of neuronal differentiation with expansion of the neuroepithelial/neural progenitor cell (NEPC/NPC) pool is essential in early brain development. Our in vitro and in vivo studies identify independent and opposing roles for two neural-specific and differentially expressed non-coding RNAs derived from the same locus: the evolutionarily conserved lncRNA Rncr3 and the embedded microRNA miR124a-1. Rncr3 regulates NEPC/NPC proliferation and controls the biogenesis of miR124a, which determines neuronal differentiation. Rncr3 conserved exons 2/3 are cytosine methylated and bound by methyl-CpG binding protein MeCP2, which restricts expression of miR124a embedded in exon 4 to prevent premature neuronal differentiation, and to orchestrate proper brain growth. MeCP2 directly binds cytosine-methylated Rncr3 through previously unrecognized lysine residues and suppresses miR124a processing by recruiting PTBP1 to block access of DROSHA-DGCR8. Thus, miRNA processing is controlled by lncRNA m5C methylation along with the defined m5C epitranscriptomic RNA reader protein MeCP2 to coordinate brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Lee A Niswander
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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4
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Velikic G, Maric DM, Maric DL, Supic G, Puletic M, Dulic O, Vojvodic D. Harnessing the Stem Cell Niche in Regenerative Medicine: Innovative Avenue to Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:993. [PMID: 38256066 PMCID: PMC10816024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine harnesses the body's innate capacity for self-repair to restore malfunctioning tissues and organs. Stem cell therapies represent a key regenerative strategy, but to effectively harness their potential necessitates a nuanced understanding of the stem cell niche. This specialized microenvironment regulates critical stem cell behaviors including quiescence, activation, differentiation, and homing. Emerging research reveals that dysfunction within endogenous neural stem cell niches contributes to neurodegenerative pathologies and impedes regeneration. Strategies such as modifying signaling pathways, or epigenetic interventions to restore niche homeostasis and signaling, hold promise for revitalizing neurogenesis and neural repair in diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Comparative studies of highly regenerative species provide evolutionary clues into niche-mediated renewal mechanisms. Leveraging endogenous bioelectric cues and crosstalk between gut, brain, and vascular niches further illuminates promising therapeutic opportunities. Emerging techniques like single-cell transcriptomics, organoids, microfluidics, artificial intelligence, in silico modeling, and transdifferentiation will continue to unravel niche complexity. By providing a comprehensive synthesis integrating diverse views on niche components, developmental transitions, and dynamics, this review unveils new layers of complexity integral to niche behavior and function, which unveil novel prospects to modulate niche function and provide revolutionary treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Velikic
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr. Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Dusan M. Maric
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr. Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia;
| | - Dusica L. Maric
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gordana Supic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljan Puletic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia;
| | - Oliver Dulic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Moreno-Londoño AP, Robles-Flores M. Functional Roles of CD133: More than Stemness Associated Factor Regulated by the Microenvironment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:25-51. [PMID: 37922108 PMCID: PMC10799829 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
CD133 protein has been one of the most used surface markers to select and identify cancer cells with stem-like features. However, its expression is not restricted to tumoral cells; it is also expressed in differentiated cells and stem/progenitor cells in various normal tissues. CD133 participates in several cellular processes, in part orchestrating signal transduction of essential pathways that frequently are dysregulated in cancer, such as PI3K/Akt signaling and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CD133 expression correlates with enhanced cell self-renewal, migration, invasion, and survival under stress conditions in cancer. Aside from the intrinsic cell mechanisms that regulate CD133 expression in each cellular type, extrinsic factors from the surrounding niche can also impact CD33 levels. The enhanced CD133 expression in cells can confer adaptive advantages by amplifying the activation of a specific signaling pathway in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we do not only describe the CD133 physiological functions known so far, but importantly, we analyze how the microenvironment changes impact the regulation of CD133 functions emphasizing its value as a marker of cell adaptability beyond a cancer-stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Patricia Moreno-Londoño
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Li L, Li X, Han R, Wu M, Ma Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Li Y. Therapeutic Potential of Chinese Medicine for Endogenous Neurogenesis: A Promising Candidate for Stroke Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050706. [PMID: 37242489 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide. Extensive preclinical studies have shown that neural-stem-cell-based treatments have great therapeutic potential for stroke. Several studies have confirmed that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine can protect and maintain the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells through different targets and mechanisms. Therefore, the use of Chinese medicines to activate and promote endogenous nerve regeneration and repair is a potential treatment option for stroke patients. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding neural stem cell strategies for ischemic strokes and the potential effects of these Chinese medicines on neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaolei Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhao Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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7
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Bery A, Etienne O, Mouton L, Mokrani S, Granotier-Beckers C, Gauthier LR, Feat-Vetel J, Kortulewski T, Pérès EA, Desmaze C, Lestaveal P, Barroca V, Laugeray A, Boumezbeur F, Abramovski V, Mortaud S, Menuet A, Le Bihan D, Villartay JPD, Boussin FD. XLF/Cernunnos loss impairs mouse brain development by altering symmetric proliferative divisions of neural progenitors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112342. [PMID: 37027298 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
XLF/Cernunnos is a component of the ligation complex used in classical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ), a major DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway. We report neurodevelopmental delays and significant behavioral alterations associated with microcephaly in Xlf-/- mice. This phenotype, reminiscent of clinical and neuropathologic features in humans deficient in cNHEJ, is associated with a low level of apoptosis of neural cells and premature neurogenesis, which consists of an early shift of neural progenitors from proliferative to neurogenic divisions during brain development. We show that premature neurogenesis is related to an increase in chromatid breaks affecting mitotic spindle orientation, highlighting a direct link between asymmetric chromosome segregation and asymmetric neurogenic divisions. This study reveals thus that XLF is required for maintaining symmetric proliferative divisions of neural progenitors during brain development and shows that premature neurogenesis may play a major role in neurodevelopmental pathologies caused by NHEJ deficiency and/or genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bery
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Etienne
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laura Mouton
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sofiane Mokrani
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christine Granotier-Beckers
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurent R Gauthier
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Justyne Feat-Vetel
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Kortulewski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elodie A Pérès
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chantal Desmaze
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaveal
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Antony Laugeray
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3B, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Fawzi Boumezbeur
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Abramovski
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in the Immune System", Equipe labellisée La LIGUE, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Mortaud
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3B, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France; Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3B, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France; Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in the Immune System", Equipe labellisée La LIGUE, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - François D Boussin
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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8
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Xie Y, Kuan AT, Wang W, Herbert ZT, Mosto O, Olukoya O, Adam M, Vu S, Kim M, Tran D, Gómez N, Charpentier C, Sorour I, Lacey TE, Tolstorukov MY, Sabatini BL, Lee WCA, Harwell CC. Astrocyte-neuron crosstalk through Hedgehog signaling mediates cortical synapse development. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110416. [PMID: 35196485 PMCID: PMC8962654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-glia interactions play a critical role in the regulation of synapse formation and circuit assembly. Here we demonstrate that canonical Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway signaling in cortical astrocytes acts to coordinate layer-specific synaptic connectivity. We show that the Shh receptor Ptch1 is expressed by cortical astrocytes during development and that Shh signaling is necessary and sufficient to promote the expression of genes involved in regulating synaptic development and layer-enriched astrocyte molecular identity. Loss of Shh in layer V neurons reduces astrocyte complexity and coverage by astrocytic processes in tripartite synapses; conversely, cell-autonomous activation of Shh signaling in astrocytes promotes cortical excitatory synapse formation. Furthermore, Shh-dependent genes Lrig1 and Sparc distinctively contribute to astrocyte morphology and synapse formation. Together, these results suggest that Shh secreted from deep-layer cortical neurons acts to specialize the molecular and functional features of astrocytes during development to shape circuit assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron T Kuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wengang Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary T Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olivia Mosto
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olubusola Olukoya
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manal Adam
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steve Vu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diana Tran
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicolás Gómez
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire Charpentier
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ingie Sorour
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tiara E Lacey
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Y Tolstorukov
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei-Chung Allen Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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GLI3 Is Required for OLIG2+ Progeny Production in Adult Dorsal Neural Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020218. [PMID: 35053334 PMCID: PMC8773499 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is a postnatal germinal niche. It holds a large population of neural stem cells (NSCs) that generate neurons and oligodendrocytes for the olfactory bulb and (primarily) the corpus callosum, respectively. These NSCs are heterogeneous and generate different types of neurons depending on their location. Positional identity among NSCs is thought to be controlled in part by intrinsic pathways. However, extrinsic cell signaling through the secreted ligand Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is essential for neurogenesis in both the dorsal and ventral V-SVZ. Here we used a genetic approach to investigate the role of the transcription factors GLI2 and GLI3 in the proliferation and cell fate of dorsal and ventral V-SVZ NSCs. We find that while GLI3 is expressed in stem cell cultures from both dorsal and ventral V-SVZ, the repressor form of GLI3 is more abundant in dorsal V-SVZ. Despite this high dorsal expression and the requirement for other Shh pathway members, GLI3 loss affects the generation of ventrally-, but not dorsally-derived olfactory interneurons in vivo and does not affect trilineage differentiation in vitro. However, loss of GLI3 in the adult dorsal V-SVZ in vivo results in decreased numbers of OLIG2-expressing progeny, indicating a role in gliogenesis.
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10
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Del Giovane A, Russo M, Tirou L, Faure H, Ruat M, Balestri S, Sposato C, Basoli F, Rainer A, Kassoussi A, Traiffort E, Ragnini-Wilson A. Smoothened/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Oligodendroglial Cell Maturation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:801704. [PMID: 35082605 PMCID: PMC8784884 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.801704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of myelin is known to restore axonal conduction velocity after a demyelinating event. Remyelination failure in the central nervous system contributes to the severity and progression of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Remyelination is controlled by many signaling pathways, such as the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, as shown by the canonical activation of its key effector Smoothened (Smo), which increases the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via the upregulation of the transcription factor Gli1. On the other hand, the inhibition of Gli1 was also found to promote the recruitment of a subset of adult neural stem cells and their subsequent differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Since Smo is also able to transduce Shh signals via various non-canonical pathways such as the blockade of Gli1, we addressed the potential of non-canonical Smo signaling to contribute to oligodendroglial cell maturation in myelinating cells using the non-canonical Smo agonist GSA-10, which downregulates Gli1. Using the Oli-neuM cell line, we show that GSA-10 promotes Gli2 upregulation, MBP and MAL/OPALIN expression via Smo/AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) signaling, and efficiently increases the number of axonal contact/ensheathment for each oligodendroglial cell. Moreover, GSA-10 promotes the recruitment and differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitors into the demyelinated corpus callosum in vivo. Altogether, our data indicate that non-canonical signaling involving Smo/AMPK modulation and Gli1 downregulation promotes oligodendroglia maturation until axon engagement. Thus, GSA-10, by activation of this signaling pathway, represents a novel potential remyelinating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Del Giovane
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Russo
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Linda Tirou
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Hélène Faure
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sonia Balestri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Sposato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Elisabeth Traiffort
- INSERM, U1195, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth Traiffort,
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11
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Hedgehog Signaling Modulates Glial Proteostasis and Lifespan. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2627-2643.e5. [PMID: 32101741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved Hedgehog signaling pathway has well-established roles in development. However, its function during adulthood remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether the Hedgehog signaling pathway is active during adult life in Drosophila melanogaster, and we uncovered a protective function for Hedgehog signaling in coordinating correct proteostasis in glial cells. Adult-specific depletion of Hedgehog reduces lifespan, locomotor activity, and dopaminergic neuron integrity. Conversely, increased expression of Hedgehog extends lifespan and improves fitness. Moreover, Hedgehog pathway activation in glia rescues the lifespan and age-associated defects of hedgehog mutants. The Hedgehog pathway regulates downstream chaperones, whose overexpression in glial cells was sufficient to rescue the shortened lifespan and proteostasis defects of hedgehog mutants. Finally, we demonstrate the protective ability of Hedgehog signaling in a Drosophila Alzheimer's disease model expressing human amyloid beta in the glia. Overall, we propose that Hedgehog signaling is requisite for lifespan determination and correct proteostasis in glial cells.
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12
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Tirou L, Russo M, Faure H, Pellegrino G, Demongin C, Daynac M, Sharif A, Amosse J, Le Lay S, Denis R, Luquet S, Taouis M, Benomar Y, Ruat M. Sonic Hedgehog receptor Patched deficiency in astrocytes enhances glucose metabolism in mice. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101172. [PMID: 33513436 PMCID: PMC7893488 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Astrocytes are glial cells proposed as the main Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-responsive cells in the adult brain. Their roles in mediating Shh functions are still poorly understood. In the hypothalamus, astrocytes support neuronal circuits implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism. In this study, we investigated the impact of genetic activation of Shh signaling on hypothalamic astrocytes and characterized its effects on energy metabolism. Methods We analyzed the distribution of gene transcripts of the Shh pathway (Ptc, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3) in astrocytes using single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunohistofluorescence of Shh peptides by Western blotting in the adult mouse hypothalamus. Based on the metabolic phenotype, we characterized Glast-CreERT2-YFP-Ptc−/− (YFP-Ptc−/−) mice and their controls over time and under a high-fat diet (HFD) to investigate the potential effects of conditional astrocytic deletion of the Shh receptor Patched (Ptc) on metabolic efficiency, insulin sensitivity, and systemic glucose metabolism. Molecular and biochemical assays were used to analyze the alteration of key pathways modulating energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and inflammation. Primary astrocyte cultures were used to evaluate a potential role of Shh signaling in astrocytic glucose uptake. Results Shh peptides were the highest in the hypothalamic extracts of adult mice and a large population of hypothalamic astrocytes expressed Ptc and Gli1-3 mRNAs. Characterization of Shh signaling after conditional Ptc deletion in the YFP-Ptc−/− mice revealed heterogeneity in hypothalamic astrocyte populations. Interestingly, activation of Shh signaling in Glast+ astrocytes enhanced insulin responsiveness as evidenced by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. This effect was maintained over time and associated with lower blood insulin levels and also observed under a HFD. The YFP-Ptc−/− mice exhibited a lean phenotype with the absence of body weight gain and a marked reduction of white and brown adipose tissues accompanied by increased whole-body fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, food intake, locomotor activity, and body temperature were not altered. At the cellular level, Ptc deletion did not affect glucose uptake in primary astrocyte cultures. In the hypothalamus, activation of the astrocytic Shh pathway was associated with the upregulation of transcripts coding for the insulin receptor and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) after 4 weeks and the glucose transporter GLUT-4 after 32 weeks. Conclusions Here, we define hypothalamic Shh action on astrocytes as a novel master regulator of energy metabolism. In the hypothalamus, astrocytic Shh signaling could be critically involved in preventing both aging- and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Astrocytes exhibit differences in regulating the hedgehog signaling pathway. Deletion of Ptc in Glast+ cells prevents body weight gain and insulin resistance. Deletion of Ptc in Glast+ cells increases β oxidation. Central hedgehog signaling participates in the regulation of whole-body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tirou
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mariagiovanna Russo
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Helene Faure
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giuliana Pellegrino
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clement Demongin
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathieu Daynac
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ariane Sharif
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog (JPARC) - Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jeremy Amosse
- Univ. Angers SFR ICAT, F-49100, Angers, France; IRSET Laboratory, Inserm, UMR, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- Univ. Angers SFR ICAT, F-49100, Angers, France; Univ. Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, Thorax Institut, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Raphaël Denis
- Univ. Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Univ. Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Taouis
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR 9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecular Neuroendocrinology of Food Intake, Orsay, France
| | - Yacir Benomar
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR 9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecular Neuroendocrinology of Food Intake, Orsay, France
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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13
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Abstract
Background: The hedgehog pathway (HH) is one of the key regulators involved in many biological events. Malfunction of this pathway is associated with a variety of diseases including several types of cancers. Methods: We collected data from public databases and conducted a comprehensive search linking the HH pathway with female cancers. In addition, we overviewed clinical trials of targeting HH pathway in female cancers. Results: The activation of HH pathway and its role in female cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and uterine leiomyosarcoma were summarized. Treatment options targeting SMO and GLI in HH pathway were reviewed and discussed. Conclusions: The hedgehog pathway was shown to be activated in several types of female cancers. Therefore, targeting HH pathway may be considered as a therapeutic option to be acknowledged in the treatment of female cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiwei Yang
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Qiwei Yang, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Tel: 312-996-5689;
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14
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Tirou L, Russo M, Faure H, Pellegrino G, Sharif A, Ruat M. C9C5 positive mature oligodendrocytes are a source of Sonic Hedgehog in the mouse brain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229362. [PMID: 32078657 PMCID: PMC7032736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mature rodent brain, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling regulates stem and progenitor cell maintenance, neuronal and glial circuitry and brain repair. However, the sources and distribution of Shh mediating these effects are still poorly characterized. Here, we report in the adult mouse brain, a broad expression pattern of Shh recognized by the specific monoclonal C9C5 antibody in a subset (11–12%) of CC1+ mature oligodendrocytes that do not express carbonic anhydrase II. These cells express also Olig2 and Sox10, two oligodendrocyte lineage-specific markers, but not PDGFRα, a marker of oligodendrocyte progenitors. In agreement with oligodendroglial cells being a source of Shh in the adult mouse brain, we identify Shh transcripts by single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization in a subset of cells expressing Olig2 and Sox10 mRNAs. These findings also reveal that Shh expression is more extensive than originally reported. The Shh-C9C5-associated signal labels the oligodendroglial cell body and decorates by intense puncta the processes. C9C5+ cells are distributed in a grid-like manner. They constitute small units that could deliver locally Shh to its receptor Patched expressed in GFAP+ and S100β+ astrocytes, and in HuC/D+ neurons as shown in PtcLacZ/+ reporter mice. Postnatally, C9C5 immunoreactivity overlaps the myelination peak that occurs between P10 and P20 and is down regulated during ageing. Thus, our data suggest that C9C5+CC1+ oligodendroglial cells are a source of Shh in the mouse postnatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tirou
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mariagiovanna Russo
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Helene Faure
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giuliana Pellegrino
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Martial Ruat
- UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Gonzalez-Reyes LE, Chiang CC, Zhang M, Johnson J, Arrillaga-Tamez M, Couturier NH, Reddy N, Starikov L, Capadona JR, Kottmann AH, Durand DM. Sonic Hedgehog is expressed by hilar mossy cells and regulates cellular survival and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17402. [PMID: 31758070 PMCID: PMC6874678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a multifunctional signaling protein governing pattern formation, proliferation and cell survival during embryogenesis. In the adult brain, Shh has neurotrophic function and is implicated in hippocampal neurogenesis but the cellular source of Shh in the hippocampus remains ill defined. Here, we utilize a gene expression tracer allele of Shh (Shh-nlacZ) which allowed the identification of a subpopulation of hilar neurons known as mossy cells (MCs) as a prominent and dynamic source of Shh within the dentate gyrus. AAV-Cre mediated ablation of Shh in the adult dentate gyrus led to a marked degeneration of MCs. Conversely, chemical stimulation of hippocampal neurons using the epileptogenic agent kainic acid (KA) increased the number of Shh+ MCs indicating that the expression of Shh by MCs confers a survival advantage during the response to excitotoxic insults. In addition, ablation of Shh in the adult dentate gyrus led to increased neural precursor cell proliferation and their migration into the subgranular cell layer demonstrating that MCs-generated Shh is a key modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Gonzalez-Reyes
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, L. Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Rehab. R&D, 10701 East Blvd. Mail Stop 151 AW/APT, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Chia-Chu Chiang
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Manuel Arrillaga-Tamez
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Nicholas H Couturier
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Neha Reddy
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Lev Starikov
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY School of Medicine at City College of New York and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Capadona
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, L. Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Rehab. R&D, 10701 East Blvd. Mail Stop 151 AW/APT, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andreas H Kottmann
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY School of Medicine at City College of New York and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Dominique M Durand
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
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16
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Bild A, Teo JL, Kahn M. Enhanced Kat3A/Catenin transcription: a common mechanism of therapeutic resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:917-932. [PMID: 32426696 PMCID: PMC7234864 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous at the cellular level. Cancer stem cells/tumor initiating cells (CSC/TIC) both initiate tumorigenesis and are responsible for therapeutic resistance and disease relapse. Elimination of CSC/TIC should therefore be able to reverse therapy resistance. In principle, this could be accomplished by either targeting cancer stem cell surface markers or "stemness" pathways. Although the successful therapeutic elimination of "cancer stemness" is a critical goal, it is complex in that it should be achieved without depletion of or increases in somatic mutations in normal tissue stem cell populations. In this perspective, we will discuss the prospects for this goal via pharmacologically targeting differential Kat3 coactivator/Catenin usage, a fundamental transcriptional control mechanism in stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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17
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Nocita E, Del Giovane A, Tiberi M, Boccuni L, Fiorelli D, Sposato C, Romano E, Basoli F, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Traversa E, Ragnini-Wilson A. EGFR/ErbB Inhibition Promotes OPC Maturation up to Axon Engagement by Co-Regulating PIP2 and MBP. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080844. [PMID: 31390799 PMCID: PMC6721729 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination in the adult brain relies on the reactivation of the Neuronal Precursor Cell (NPC) niche and differentiation into Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) as well as on OPC maturation into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). These two distinct phases in OL development are defined by transcriptional and morphological changes. How this differentiation program is controlled remains unclear. We used two drugs that stimulate myelin basic protein (MBP) expression (Clobetasol and Gefitinib) alone or combined with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or Retinoid X Receptor gamma (RXRγ) gene silencing to decode the receptor signaling required for OPC differentiation in myelinating OLs. Electrospun polystyrene (PS) microfibers were used as synthetic axons to study drug efficacy on fiber engagement. We show that EGFR inhibition per se stimulates MBP expression and increases Clobetasol efficacy in OPC differentiation. Consistent with this, Clobetasol and Gefitinib co-treatment, by co-regulating RXRγ, MBP and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) levels, maximizes synthetic axon engagement. Conversely, RXRγ gene silencing reduces the ability of the drugs to promote MBP expression. This work provides a view of how EGFR/ErbB inhibition controls OPC differentiation and indicates the combination of Clobetasol and Gefitinib as a potent remyelination-enhancing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Nocita
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Del Giovane
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tiberi
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Boccuni
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Fiorelli
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Sposato
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Romano
- Advanced Microscopy Center, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Traversa
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Antonella Ragnini-Wilson
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Zimmermann JA, Schaffer DV. Engineering biomaterials to control the neural differentiation of stem cells. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Zakaria M, Ferent J, Hristovska I, Laouarem Y, Zahaf A, Kassoussi A, Mayeur ME, Pascual O, Charron F, Traiffort E. The Shh receptor Boc is important for myelin formation and repair. Development 2019; 146:146/9/dev172502. [PMID: 31048318 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myelination leads to the formation of myelin sheaths surrounding neuronal axons and is crucial for function, plasticity and repair of the central nervous system (CNS). It relies on the interaction of the axons and the oligodendrocytes: the glial cells producing CNS myelin. Here, we have investigated the role of a crucial component of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, the co-receptor Boc, in developmental and repairing myelination. During development, Boc mutant mice display a transient decrease in oligodendroglial cell density together with delayed myelination. Despite recovery of oligodendroglial cells at later stages, adult mutants still exhibit a lower production of myelin basic protein correlated with a significant decrease in the calibre of callosal axons and a reduced amount of the neurofilament NF-M. During myelin repair, the altered OPC differentiation observed in the mutant is reminiscent of the phenotype observed after blockade of Shh signalling. In addition, Boc mutant microglia/macrophages unexpectedly exhibit the apparent inability to transition from a highly to a faintly ramified morphology in vivo Altogether, these results identify Boc as an important component of myelin formation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Zakaria
- INSERM-University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay; Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, U1195, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Ferent
- IRCM, Molecular Biology of Neural Development, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ines Hristovska
- Institut NeuroMyoGène CNRS UMR 5310-INSERM U1217-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Yousra Laouarem
- INSERM-University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay; Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, U1195, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Amina Zahaf
- INSERM-University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay; Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, U1195, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Abdelmoumen Kassoussi
- INSERM-University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay; Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, U1195, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Eve Mayeur
- Institut NeuroMyoGène CNRS UMR 5310-INSERM U1217-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Pascual
- Institut NeuroMyoGène CNRS UMR 5310-INSERM U1217-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Frederic Charron
- IRCM, Molecular Biology of Neural Development, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Traiffort
- INSERM-University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay; Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, U1195, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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20
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Del Giovane A, Ragnini-Wilson A. Targeting Smoothened as a New Frontier in the Functional Recovery of Central Nervous System Demyelinating Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3677. [PMID: 30463396 PMCID: PMC6274747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin sheaths on vertebrate axons provide protection, vital support and increase the speed of neuronal signals. Myelin degeneration can be caused by viral, autoimmune or genetic diseases. Remyelination is a natural process that restores the myelin sheath and, consequently, neuronal function after a demyelination event, preventing neurodegeneration and thereby neuron functional loss. Pharmacological approaches to remyelination represent a promising new frontier in the therapy of human demyelination pathologies and might provide novel tools to improve adaptive myelination in aged individuals. Recent phenotypical screens have identified agonists of the atypical G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened and inhibitors of the glioma-associated oncogene 1 as being amongst the most potent stimulators of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in vitro and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Here, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of studies on the role of Sonic Hedgehog reactivation during remyelination, referring readers to other reviews for the role of Hedgehog signaling in cancer and stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Del Giovane
- Department of Biology University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Ragnini-Wilson
- Department of Biology University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Castillo-Azofeifa D, Seidel K, Gross L, Golden EJ, Jacquez B, Klein OD, Barlow LA. SOX2 regulation by hedgehog signaling controls adult lingual epithelium homeostasis. Development 2018; 145:dev.164889. [PMID: 29945863 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult tongue epithelium is continuously renewed from epithelial progenitor cells, a process that requires hedgehog (HH) signaling. In mice, pharmacological inhibition of the HH pathway causes taste bud loss within a few weeks. Previously, we demonstrated that sonic hedgehog (SHH) overexpression in lingual progenitors induces ectopic taste buds with locally increased SOX2 expression, suggesting that taste bud differentiation depends on SOX2 downstream of HH. To test this, we inhibited HH signaling in mice and observed a rapid decline in Sox2 and SOX2-GFP expression in taste epithelium. Upon conditional deletion of Sox2, differentiation of both taste and non-taste epithelial cells was blocked, and progenitor cell number increased. In contrast to basally restricted proliferation in controls, dividing cells were overabundant and spread to suprabasal epithelial layers in mutants. SOX2 loss in progenitors also led non-cell-autonomously to taste cell apoptosis, dramatically shortening taste cell lifespans. Finally, in tongues with conditional Sox2 deletion and SHH overexpression, ectopic and endogenous taste buds were not detectable; instead, progenitor hyperproliferation expanded throughout the lingual epithelium. In summary, we show that SOX2 functions downstream of HH signaling to regulate lingual epithelium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Lauren Gross
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erin J Golden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Belkis Jacquez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,BRAIN Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,BRAIN Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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22
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Distinct Molecular Signatures of Quiescent and Activated Adult Neural Stem Cells Reveal Specific Interactions with Their Microenvironment. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:565-577. [PMID: 29983386 PMCID: PMC6092681 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms that regulate the quiescence of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies based on the stimulation of their endogenous regenerative potential in the damaged brain. We show that LeXbright cells sorted from the adult mouse subventricular zone exhibit all the characteristic features of quiescent NSCs. Indeed, they constitute a subpopulation of slowly dividing cells that is able to enter the cell cycle to regenerate the irradiated niche. Comparative transcriptomic analyses showed that they express hallmarks of NSCs but display a distinct molecular signature from activated NSCs (LeX+EGFR+ cells). Particularly, numerous membrane receptors are expressed on quiescent NSCs. We further revealed a different expression pattern of Syndecan-1 between quiescent and activated NSCs and demonstrated its role in the proliferation of activated NSCs. Our data highlight the central role of the stem cell microenvironment in the regulation of quiescence in adult neurogenic niches. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular hallmarks of activated and quiescent NSCs Data resource of putative markers and/or regulators of NSC quiescence Quiescent NSCs integrate various signals from the microenvironment Syndecan-1 is involved in proliferation of NSCs
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23
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Antonelli F, Casciati A, Tanori M, Tanno B, Linares-Vidal MV, Serra N, Bellés M, Pannicelli A, Saran A, Pazzaglia S. Alterations in Morphology and Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of Patched1 Heterozygous Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:168. [PMID: 29875630 PMCID: PMC5974030 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many genes controlling neuronal development also regulate adult neurogenesis. We investigated in vivo the effect of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling activation on patterning and neurogenesis of the hippocampus and behavior of Patched1 (Ptch1) heterozygous mice (Ptch1+/−). We demonstrated for the first time, that Ptch1+/− mice exhibit morphological, cellular and molecular alterations in the dentate gyrus (DG), including elongation and reduced width of the DG as well as deregulations at multiple steps during lineage progression from neural stem cells to neurons. By using stage-specific cellular markers, we detected reduction of quiescent stem cells, newborn neurons and astrocytes and accumulation of proliferating intermediate progenitors, indicative of defects in the dynamic transition among neural stages. Phenotypic alterations in Ptch1+/− mice were accompanied by expression changes in Notch pathway downstream components and TLX nuclear receptor, as well as perturbations in inflammatory and synaptic networks and mouse behavior, pointing to complex biological interactions and highlighting cooperation between Shh and Notch signaling in the regulation of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonelli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Casciati
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Tanori
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tanno
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria V Linares-Vidal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira I Virgili University (URV), Reus, Spain.,Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Noemi Serra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira I Virgili University (URV), Reus, Spain.,Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Monserrat Bellés
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira I Virgili University (URV), Reus, Spain.,Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Pannicelli
- Technical Unit of Energetic Efficiency, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Saran
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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24
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Heimann G, Canhos LL, Frik J, Jäger G, Lepko T, Ninkovic J, Götz M, Sirko S. Changes in the Proliferative Program Limit Astrocyte Homeostasis in the Aged Post-Traumatic Murine Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4213-4228. [PMID: 28472290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to adverse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. The mechanisms underlying these defects, however, are not yet clear. In this study, we found that astrocytes in the aged post-traumatic cerebral cortex develop a significantly reduced proliferative response, resulting in reduced astrocyte numbers in the penumbra. Moreover, experiments of reactive astrocytes in vitro reveal that their diminished proliferation is due to an age-related switch in the division mode with reduced cell-cycle re-entry rather than changes in cell-cycle length. Notably, reactive astrocytes in vivo and in vitro become refractory to stimuli increasing their proliferation during aging, such as Sonic hedgehog signaling. These data demonstrate for the first time that age-dependent, most likely intrinsic changes in the proliferative program of reactive astrocytes result in their severely hampered proliferative response to traumatic injury thereby affecting astrocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Heimann
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Luisa L Canhos
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Jesica Frik
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (IBBM), Department of Biological Sciences, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriele Jäger
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Tjasa Lepko
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Synergy, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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25
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Sanchez MA, Sullivan GM, Armstrong RC. Genetic detection of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression and cellular response in the progression of acute through chronic demyelination and remyelination. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:145-156. [PMID: 29627579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in which neurological deficits result from damage to myelin, axons, and neuron cell bodies. Prolonged or repeated episodes of demyelination impair remyelination. We hypothesized that augmenting Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in chronically demyelinated lesions could enhance oligodendrogenesis and remyelination. Shh regulates oligodendrocyte development during postnatal myelination, and maintains adult neural stem cells. We used genetic approaches to detect Shh expression and Shh responding cells in vivo. ShhCreERT2 or Gli1CreERT2 mice were crossed to reporter mice for genetic fate-labeling of cells actively transcribing Shh or Gli1, an effective readout of canonical Shh signaling. Tamoxifen induction enabled temporal control of recombination at distinct stages of acute and chronic cuprizone demyelination of the corpus callosum. Gli1 fate-labeled cells were rarely found in the corpus callosum with tamoxifen given during acute demyelination stages to examine activated microglia, reactive astrocytes, or remyelinating cells. Gli1 fate-labeled cells, mainly reactive astrocytes, were observed in the corpus callosum with tamoxifen given after chronic demyelination. However, Shh expressing cells were not detected in the corpus callosum during acute or chronic demyelination. Finally, SAG, an agonist of both canonical and type II non-canonical Hedgehog signaling pathways, was microinjected into the corpus callosum after chronic demyelination. Significantly, SAG delivery increased proliferation and enhanced remyelination. SAG did not increase Gli1 fate-labeled cells in the corpus callosum, which may indicate signaling through the non-canonical Hedgehog pathway. These studies demonstrate that Hedgehog pathway interventions may have therapeutic potential to modulate astrogliosis and to promote remyelination after chronic demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sanchez
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Genevieve M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina C Armstrong
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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26
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Kahn M. Wnt Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: A Tale of Two Coactivators. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:209-244. [PMID: 29389517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling in stem cells plays critical roles in development, normal adult physiology, and disease. In this chapter, we focus on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in somatic stem cell biology and its critical role in normal tissue homeostasis and cancer. Wnt signaling can both maintain potency and initiate differentiation in somatic stem cells, depending on the cellular and environmental context. Based principally on studies from our lab, we will explain the dichotomous behavior of this signaling pathway in determining stem cell fate decisions, placing special emphasis on the interaction of β-catenin with either of the two highly homologous Kat3 coactivator proteins, CBP and p300. We will also discuss our results, both preclinical and clinical, demonstrating that small molecule modulators of the β-catenin/Kat3 coactivator interaction can be safely utilized to shift the balance between maintenance of potency and initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.
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27
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Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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28
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Tian Z, Zhao Q, Biswas S, Deng W. Methods of reactivation and reprogramming of neural stem cells for neural repair. Methods 2017; 133:3-20. [PMID: 28864354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the biology of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and induced NSCs (iNSCs), as well as NSC-based therapies for diseases in central nervous system (CNS) has started to generate the expectation that these cells may be used for treatments in CNS injuries or disorders. Recent technological progresses in both NSCs themselves and their derivatives have brought us closer to therapeutic applications. Adult neurogenesis presents in particular regions in mammal brain, known as neurogenic niches such as the dental gyrus (DG) in hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), within which adult NSCs usually stay for long periods out of the cell cycle, in G0. The reactivation of quiescent adult NSCs needs orchestrated interactions between the extrinsic stimulis from niches and the intrinsic factors involving transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathway, epigenetics, and metabolism to start an intracellular regulatory program, which promotes the quiescent NSCs exit G0 and reenter cell cycle. Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that regulate adult NSCs are interconnected and feedback on one another. Since endogenous neurogenesis only happens in restricted regions and steadily fails with disease advances, interest has evolved to apply the iNSCs converted from somatic cells to treat CNS disorders, as is also promising and preferable. To overcome the limitation of viral-based reprogramming of iNSCs, bioactive small molecules (SM) have been explored to enhance the efficiency of iNSC reprogramming or even replace TFs, making the iNSCs more amenable to clinical application. Despite intense research efforts to translate the studies of adult and induced NSCs from the bench to bedside, vital troubles remain at several steps in these processes. In this review, we examine the present status, advancement, pitfalls, and potential of the two types of NSC technologies, focusing on each aspects of reactivation of quiescent adult NSC and reprogramming of iNSC from somatic cells, as well as on progresses in cell-based regenerative strategies for neural repair and criteria for successful therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Sangita Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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29
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Kim YM, Gang EJ, Kahn M. CBP/Catenin antagonists: Targeting LSCs' Achilles heel. Exp Hematol 2017; 52:1-11. [PMID: 28479420 PMCID: PMC5526056 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), including leukemia stem cells (LSCs), exhibit self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and have the capacity to maintain or renew and propagate a tumor/leukemia. The initial isolation of CSCs/LSCs was in adult myelogenous leukemia, although more recently, the existence of CSCs in a wide variety of other cancers has been reported. CSCs, in general, and LSCs, specifically with respect to this review, are responsible for initiation of disease, therapeutic resistance and ultimately disease relapse. One key focus in cancer research over the past decade has been the development of therapies that safely eliminate the LSC/CSC population. One major obstacle to this goal is the identification of key mechanisms that distinguish LSCs from normal endogenous hematopoietic stem cells. An additional daunting feature that has recently come to light with advances in next-generation sequencing and single-cell sequencing is the heterogeneity within leukemias/tumors, with multiple combinations of mutations, gain and loss of function of genes, and so on being capable of driving disease, even within the CSC/LSC population. The focus of this review/perspective is on our work in identifying and validating, in both chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a safe and efficacious mechanism to target an evolutionarily conserved signaling nexus, which constitutes a common "Achilles heel" for LSCs/CSCs, using small molecule-specific CBP/catenin antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eun-Ji Gang
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
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30
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Aslan A, Borcek AO, Pamukcuoglu S, Baykaner MK. Intracranial undifferentiated malign neuroglial tumor in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: A theory of a possible predisposing factor for primary brain tumors via a case report. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:171-177. [PMID: 27526097 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) is a rare hereditary autosomal recessive disorder with broken cholesterol synthesis causing by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase deficiency. Although the clinical features and pathogenesis is well-defined, it is unknown whether there is a relationship between SLOS and neoplastic processes, especially brain neoplasms. PURPOSE We aimed to attract the attentions to any possibility of relation between SLOS and intracranial tumor development via a pediatric case with both intracranial high-grade neuroglial tumor and SLOS, and thus to contribute an additional data to the literature on togetherness of these two clinical conditions. METHOD In our clinic, we experienced an interesting case of a 10-year-old child with both SLOS and huge brain tumor as rarely seen. Here, we reviewed the features and pathophysiology of SLOS and brain tumors via this case. RESULTS The patient was operated in our clinic, after, his brain tumor had been diagnosed, and his histopathology was resulted in undifferentiated malignant neuroglial WHO grade 4 tumor. CONCLUSION According to current literature, our case is the first report on coexisting of SLOS and intracranial undifferentiated malignant neuroglial tumor. Common pathways like impaired sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway may be considered for pathogenesis of a probable link between SLOS and brain tumors in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Aslan
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Alp Ozgun Borcek
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selma Pamukcuoglu
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Kemali Baykaner
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Regulation of Asymmetric Cell Division in Mammalian Neural Stem and Cancer Precursor Cells. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 61:375-399. [PMID: 28409314 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells are characterized by their abilities to self-renew and produce differentiated progeny. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is achieved through control of cell division mode, which can be either asymmetric or symmetric. Failure to properly control cell division mode may result in premature depletion of the stem/progenitor cell pool or abnormal growth and impaired differentiation. In many tissues, including the brain, stem cells and progenitor cells undergo asymmetric cell division through the establishment of cell polarity. Cell polarity proteins are therefore potentially critical regulators of asymmetric cell division. Decrease or loss of asymmetric cell division can be associated with reduced differentiation common during aging or impaired remyelination as seen in demyelinating diseases. Progenitor-like glioma precursor cells show decreased asymmetric cell division rates and increased symmetric divisions, which suggests that asymmetric cell division suppresses brain tumor formation. Cancer stem cells, on the other hand, still undergo low rates of asymmetric cell division, which may provide them with a survival advantage during therapy. These findings led to the hypotheses that asymmetric cell divisions are not always tumor suppressive but can also be utilized to maintain a cancer stem cell population. Proper control of cell division mode is therefore not only deemed necessary to generate cellular diversity during development and to maintain adult tissue homeostasis but may also prevent disease and determine disease progression. Since brain cancer is most common in the adult and aging population, we review here the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms that regulate asymmetric cell divisions in the neural and oligodendroglial lineage during development and in the adult brain.
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Felling RJ, Covey MV, Wolujewicz P, Batish M, Levison SW. Astrocyte-produced leukemia inhibitory factor expands the neural stem/progenitor pool following perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1531-1545. [PMID: 27661001 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain injuries, such as cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (H-I), induce a regenerative response from the neural stem/progenitors (NSPs) of the subventricular zone (SVZ); however, the mechanisms that regulate this expansion have not yet been fully elucidated. The Notch- Delta-Serrate-Lag2 (DSL) signaling pathway is considered essential for the maintenance of neural stem cells, but it is not known if it is necessary for the expansion of the NSPs subsequent to perinatal H-I injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether this pathway contributes to NSP expansion in the SVZ after H-I and, if so, to establish whether this pathway is directly induced by H-I or regulated by paracrine factors. Here we report that Notch1 receptor induction and one of its ligands, Delta-like 1, precedes NSP expansion after perinatal H-I in P6 rat pups and that this increase occurs specifically in the most medial cell layers of the SVZ where the stem cells reside. Pharmacologically inhibiting Notch signaling in vivo diminished NSP expansion. With an in vitro model of H-I, Notch1 was not induced directly by hypoxia, but was stimulated by soluble factors, specifically leukemia inhibitory factor, produced by astrocytes within the SVZ. These data confirm the importance both of the Notch-DSL signaling pathway in the expansion of NSPs after H-I and in the role of the support cells in their niche. They further support the body of evidence that indicates that leukemia inhibitory factor is a key injury-induced cytokine that is stimulating the regenerative response of the NSPs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Felling
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, RBHS-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Matthew V Covey
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, RBHS-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Paul Wolujewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RBHS-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RBHS-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Steven W Levison
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, RBHS-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
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Daynac M, Tirou L, Faure H, Mouthon MA, Gauthier LR, Hahn H, Boussin FD, Ruat M. Hedgehog Controls Quiescence and Activation of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Ventricular-Subventricular Zone. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:735-748. [PMID: 27666792 PMCID: PMC5063572 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms controlling quiescence and activation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is crucial for understanding brain repair. Here, we demonstrate that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling actively regulates different pools of quiescent and proliferative NSCs in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), one of the main brain neurogenic niches. Specific deletion of the Hh receptor Patched in NSCs during adulthood upregulated Hh signaling in quiescent NSCs, progressively leading to a large accumulation of these cells in the V-SVZ. The pool of non-neurogenic astrocytes was not modified, whereas the activated NSC pool increased after a short period, before progressively becoming exhausted. We also showed that Sonic Hedgehog regulates proliferation of activated NSCs in vivo and shortens both their G1 and S-G2/M phases in culture. These data demonstrate that Hh orchestrates the balance between quiescent and activated NSCs, with important implications for understanding adult neurogenesis under normal homeostatic conditions or during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Daynac
- CNRS, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Linda Tirou
- CNRS, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Faure
- CNRS, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc-André Mouthon
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurent R Gauthier
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Heidi Hahn
- Tumor Genetics Group, Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - François D Boussin
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Bond AM, Ming GL, Song H. Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis: Five Decades Later. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 17:385-95. [PMID: 26431181 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult somatic stem cells in various organs maintain homeostatic tissue regeneration and enhance plasticity. Since its initial discovery five decades ago, investigations of adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells have led to an established and expanding field that has significantly influenced many facets of neuroscience, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. Here we review recent progress and focus on questions related to adult mammalian neural stem cells that also apply to other somatic stem cells. We further discuss emerging topics that are guiding the field toward better understanding adult neural stem cells and ultimately applying these principles to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Bond
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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35
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Yao X, Su T, Verkman AS. Clobetasol promotes remyelination in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:42. [PMID: 27117475 PMCID: PMC4845317 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can produce marked neurological deficit. Current NMO therapies include immunosuppressants, plasma exchange and B-cell depletion. Here, we evaluated 14 potential remyelinating drugs emerging from prior small molecule screens done to identify drugs for repurposing in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating neurological diseases. Compounds were initially evaluated in oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) and cerebellar slice cultures, and then in a mouse model of NMO produced by intracerebral injection of anti-AQP4 autoantibody (AQP4-IgG) and human complement characterized by demyelination with minimal axonal damage. The FDA-approved drug clobetasol promoted differentiation in OPC cultures and remyelination in cerebellar slice cultures and in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg/kg/day clobetasol reduced myelin loss by ~60 %, even when clobetasol was administered after demyelination occurred. Clobetasol increased the number of mature oligodendrocytes within lesions without significantly altering initial astrocyte damage or inflammation. These results provide proof-of-concept for the potential utility of a remyelinating approach in the treatment of NMO.
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36
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Pyczek J, Buslei R, Schult D, Hölsken A, Buchfelder M, Heß I, Hahn H, Uhmann A. Hedgehog signaling activation induces stem cell proliferation and hormone release in the adult pituitary gland. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24928. [PMID: 27109116 PMCID: PMC4842994 DOI: 10.1038/srep24928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) signaling is known to be essential during the embryonal development of the pituitary gland but the knowledge about its role in the adult pituitary and in associated tumors is sparse. In this report we investigated the effect of excess Hh signaling activation in murine pituitary explants and analyzed the HH signaling status of human adenopituitary lobes and a large cohort of pituitary adenomas. Our data show that excess Hh signaling led to increased proliferation of Sox2(+) and Sox9(+) adult pituitary stem cells and to elevated expression levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (Acth), growth hormone (Gh) and prolactin (Prl) in the adult gland. Inhibition of the pathway by cyclopamine reversed these effects indicating that active Hh signaling positively regulates proliferative processes of adult pituitary stem cells and hormone production in the anterior pituitary. Since hormone producing cells of the adenohypophysis as well as ACTH-, GH- and PRL-immunopositive adenomas express SHH and its target GLI1, we furthermore propose that excess HH signaling is involved in the development/maintenance of hormone-producing pituitary adenomas. These findings advance the understanding of physiological hormone regulation and may open new treatment options for pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pyczek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Tumor Genetics Group, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Buslei
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - David Schult
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Annett Hölsken
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Ina Heß
- Institute of Human Genetics, Tumor Genetics Group, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heidi Hahn
- Institute of Human Genetics, Tumor Genetics Group, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Uhmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Tumor Genetics Group, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
The sense of taste, or gustation, is mediated by taste buds, which are housed in specialized taste papillae found in a stereotyped pattern on the surface of the tongue. Each bud, regardless of its location, is a collection of ∼100 cells that belong to at least five different functional classes, which transduce sweet, bitter, salt, sour and umami (the taste of glutamate) signals. Taste receptor cells harbor functional similarities to neurons but, like epithelial cells, are rapidly and continuously renewed throughout adult life. Here, I review recent advances in our understanding of how the pattern of taste buds is established in embryos and discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing taste cell turnover. I also highlight how these findings aid our understanding of how and why many cancer therapies result in taste dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado, School Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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38
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Thomas PD, Kahn M. Kat3 coactivators in somatic stem cells and cancer stem cells: biological roles, evolution, and pharmacologic manipulation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:61-81. [PMID: 27008332 PMCID: PMC7458431 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived somatic stem cells regenerate adult tissues throughout our lifetime. However, with aging, there is a significant deterioration in the function of stem and progenitor cells, which contribute to diseases of aging. The decision for a long-lived somatic stem cell to become activated and subsequently to undergo either a symmetric or an asymmetric division is a critical cellular decision process. The decision to preferentially divide symmetrically or asymmetrically may be the major fundamental intrinsic difference between normal somatic stem cells and cancer stem cells. Based upon work done primarily in our laboratory over the past 15 years, this article provides a perspective on the critical role of somatic stem cells in aging. In particular, we discuss the importance of symmetric versus asymmetric divisions in somatic stem cells and the role of the differential usage of the highly similar Kat3 coactivators, CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300, in stem cells. We describe and propose a more complete model for the biological mechanism and roles of these two coactivators, their evolution, and unique roles and importance in stem cell biology. Finally, we discuss the potential to pharmacologically manipulate Kat3 coactivator interactions in endogenous stem cells (both normal and cancer stem cells) to potentially ameliorate the aging process and common diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Thomas
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 2501, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- USC Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 4501, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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39
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Li Q, Lex RK, Chung H, Giovanetti SM, Ji Z, Ji H, Person MD, Kim J, Vokes SA. The Pluripotency Factor NANOG Binds to GLI Proteins and Represses Hedgehog-mediated Transcription. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7171-82. [PMID: 26797124 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is essential for the maintenance and response of several types of stem cells. To study the transcriptional response of stem cells to HH signaling, we searched for proteins binding to GLI proteins, the transcriptional effectors of the HH pathway in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that both GLI3 and GLI1 bind to the pluripotency factor NANOG. The ectopic expression of NANOG inhibits GLI1-mediated transcriptional responses in a dose-dependent fashion. In differentiating ES cells, the presence of NANOG reduces the transcriptional response of cells to HH. Finally, we found thatGli1andNanogare co-expressed in ES cells at high levels. We propose that NANOG acts as a negative feedback component that provides stem cell-specific regulation of the HH pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Rachel K Lex
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - HaeWon Chung
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Simone M Giovanetti
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Maria D Person
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Proteomics Facility, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 and
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Steven A Vokes
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
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40
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Li H, Li J, Feng L. Hedgehog signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 40:152-7. [PMID: 26724464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cause of death among gynecological malignancies. Despite advancements in surgery and chemotherapy treatment strategies, the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients remains poor; a majority of patients relapse and eventually succumb to this disease. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcome are urgently needed. The hedgehog signaling pathway is vital for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and its deregulation is implicated in cancer cell growth, survival, differentiation, and metastasis. The critical role of hedgehog signaling in multiple biologic processes raises concerns about its potential therapeutic use in cancer. Consequently, many studies are focusing on hedgehog signaling as an attractive target in cancer treatment. In this review, we present an overview of the hedgehog pathway and its pathological aberrations in ovarian cancer. We also discuss inhibitors of the hedgehog signaling pathway that are currently being investigated in the laboratory and in early clinical trials; as well as the clinical challenges these inhibitors face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Limin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
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Abstract
Development and repair of the nervous system are based on the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) able to generate neurons and glial cells. Among the mechanisms that are involved in the control of embryo or adult NSCs, the Notch signalling plays a major role. In embryo, the pathway participates in the maintenance of NSCs during all steps of development of the central nervous system which starts with the production of neurons also called neurogenesis and continues with gliogenesis giving rise to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. During the postnatal and adult period, Notch signalling is still present in the major neurogenic areas, the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. In these regions, Notch maintains NSC quiescence, contributes to the heterogeneity of these cells and displays pleiotropic effects during the regeneration process occurring after a lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Traiffort
- Inserm, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, laboratoire petites molécules de neuroprotection, neurorégénération et remyélinisation, U1195, 80, rue du Général Leclerc, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Ferent
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), biologie moléculaire du développement neural, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
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Porcu G, Serone E, De Nardis V, Di Giandomenico D, Lucisano G, Scardapane M, Poma A, Ragnini-Wilson A. Clobetasol and Halcinonide Act as Smoothened Agonists to Promote Myelin Gene Expression and RxRγ Receptor Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144550. [PMID: 26658258 PMCID: PMC4689554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the causes of permanent disability in chronic multiple sclerosis patients is the inability of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to terminate their maturation program at lesions. To identify key regulators of myelin gene expression acting at the last stages of OPC maturation we developed a drug repositioning strategy based on the mouse immortalized oligodendrocyte (OL) cell line Oli-neu brought to the premyelination stage by stably expressing a key factor regulating the last stages of OL maturation. The Prestwick Chemical Library® of 1,200 FDA-approved compound(s) was repositioned at three dosages based on the induction of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) expression. Drug hits were further validated using dosage-dependent reproducibility tests and biochemical assays. The glucocorticoid class of compounds was the most highly represented and we found that they can be divided in three groups according to their efficacy on MBP up-regulation. Since target identification is crucial before bringing compounds to the clinic, we searched for common targets of the primary screen hits based on their known chemical-target interactomes, and the pathways predicted by top ranking compounds were validated using specific inhibitors. Two of the top ranking compounds, Halcinonide and Clobetasol, act as Smoothened (Smo) agonists to up-regulate myelin gene expression in the Oli-neuM cell line. Further, RxRγ activation is required for MBP expression upon Halcinonide and Clobetasol treatment. These data indicate Clobetasol and Halcinonide as potential promyelinating drugs and also provide a mechanistic understanding of their mode of action in the pathway leading to myelination in OPCs. Furthermore, our classification of glucocorticoids with respect to MBP expression provides important novel insights into their effects in the CNS and a rational criteria for their choice in combinatorial therapies in de-myelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Porcu
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Eliseo Serone
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Velia De Nardis
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Daniele Di Giandomenico
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucisano
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze ed Organi di Senso, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Scardapane
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
| | - Anna Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Ragnini-Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
- * E-mail:
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43
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Choe Y, Pleasure SJ, Mira H. Control of Adult Neurogenesis by Short-Range Morphogenic-Signaling Molecules. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 8:a018887. [PMID: 26637286 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is dynamically regulated by a tangled web of local signals emanating from the neural stem cell (NSC) microenvironment. Both soluble and membrane-bound niche factors have been identified as determinants of adult neurogenesis, including morphogens. Here, we review our current understanding of the role and mechanisms of short-range morphogen ligands from the Wnt, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) families in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. These morphogens are ideally suited to fine-tune stem-cell behavior, progenitor expansion, and differentiation, thereby influencing all stages of the neurogenesis process. We discuss cross talk between their signaling pathways and highlight findings of embryonic development that provide a relevant context for understanding neurogenesis in the adult brain. We also review emerging examples showing that the web of morphogens is in fact tightly linked to the regulation of neurogenesis by diverse physiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshik Choe
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UCSF Institute for Regeneration Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UCSF Institute for Regeneration Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Helena Mira
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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44
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Petrova R, Joyner AL. Roles for Hedgehog signaling in adult organ homeostasis and repair. Development 2014; 141:3445-57. [PMID: 25183867 DOI: 10.1242/dev.083691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog (HH) pathway is well known for its mitogenic and morphogenic functions during development, and HH signaling continues in discrete populations of cells within many adult mammalian tissues. Growing evidence indicates that HH regulates diverse quiescent stem cell populations, but the exact roles that HH signaling plays in adult organ homeostasis and regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, we review recently identified functions of HH in modulating the behavior of tissue-specific adult stem and progenitor cells during homeostasis, regeneration and disease. We conclude that HH signaling is a key factor in the regulation of adult tissue homeostasis and repair, acting via multiple different routes to regulate distinct cellular outcomes, including maintenance of plasticity, in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa Petrova
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA BCMB Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandra L Joyner
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA BCMB Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Ferent J, Ruat M, Traiffort E. [Symmetric or asymmetric division: sonic Hedgehog controls the fate of neural stem cells]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:705-8. [PMID: 25014467 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143006026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ferent
- Laboratoire de neurobiologie et développement-CNRS, transduction du signal et neuropharmacologie développementale, Institut de neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martial Ruat
- Laboratoire de neurobiologie et développement-CNRS, transduction du signal et neuropharmacologie développementale, Institut de neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elisabeth Traiffort
- Laboratoire de neurobiologie et développement-CNRS, transduction du signal et neuropharmacologie développementale, Institut de neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Ruat M, Faure H, Daynac M. Smoothened, Stem Cell Maintenance and Brain Diseases. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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