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Russo GL, Spagnuolo C, Russo M. Reassessing the role of phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116165. [PMID: 38527559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive review we tried to reassess the role of phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention. The exploration of the "synergistic effect" concept, advocating combined chemopreventive agents, faces challenges like low bioavailability. The review incorporates personal, occasionally controversial, viewpoints on natural compounds' cancer preventive capabilities, delving into mechanisms. Prioritizing significant contributions within the vast research domain, we aim stimulating discussion to provide a comprehensive insight into the evolving role of phytochemicals in cancer prevention. While early years downplayed the role of phytochemicals, the late nineties witnessed a shift, with leaders exploring their potential alongside synthetic compounds. Challenges faced by chemoprevention, such as limited pharmaceutical interest and cost-effectiveness issues, persist despite successful drugs. Recent studies, including the EPIC study, provide nuanced insights, indicating a modest risk reduction for increased fruit and vegetable intake. Phytochemicals, once attributed to antioxidant effects, face scrutiny due to low bioavailability and conflicting evidence. The Nrf2-EpRE signaling pathway and microbiota-mediated metabolism emerge as potential mechanisms, highlighting the complexity of understanding phytochemical mechanisms in cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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2
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Rispo F, De Negri Atanasio G, Demori I, Costa G, Marchese E, Perera-Del-Rosario S, Serrano-Candelas E, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Perata E, Robino F, Ferrari PF, Ferrando S, Letasiova S, Markus J, Zanotti-Russo M, Grasselli E. An extensive review on phenolic compounds and their potential estrogenic properties on skin physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1305835. [PMID: 38250328 PMCID: PMC10798251 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1305835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds constitute a diverse group of natural components commonly occurring in various plant species, known for their potential to exert both beneficial and detrimental effects. Additionally, these polyphenols have also been implicated as endocrine-disrupting (ED) chemicals, raising concerns about their widespread use in the cosmetics industry. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the body of literature pertaining to the estrogenic properties of ED chemicals, with a particular emphasis on the interaction of isoflavones with estrogen receptors. Within this review, we aim to elucidate the multifaceted roles and effects of polyphenols on the skin, exploring their potential benefits as well as their capacity to act as ED agents. By delving into this intricate subject matter, we intend to provoke thoughtful consideration, effectively opening a Pandora's box of questions for the reader to ponder. Ultimately, we invite the reader to contemplate whether polyphenols should be regarded as friends or foes in the realm of skincare and endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rispo
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Demori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simón Perera-Del-Rosario
- ProtoQSAR SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras (CEEI), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Serrano-Candelas
- ProtoQSAR SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras (CEEI), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pier Francesco Ferrari
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Jan Markus
- MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Elena Grasselli
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3R Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
- National Center for the Development of New Technologies in Agriculture (Agritech), Napoli, Italy
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3
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Vonka P, Rarova L, Bazgier V, Tichy V, Kolarova T, Holcakova J, Berka K, Kvasnica M, Oklestkova J, Kudova E, Strnad M, Hrstka R. Small change - big consequence: The impact of C15-C16 double bond in a D‑ring of estrone on estrogen receptor activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106365. [PMID: 37468002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a key biomarker for breast cancer, and the presence or absence of ER in breast and other hormone-dependent cancers decides treatment regimens and patient prognosis. ER is activated after ligand binding - typically by steroid. 2682 steroid compounds were used in a molecular docking study to identify novel ligands for ER and to predict compounds that may show anticancer activity. The effect of the most promising compounds was determined by a novel luciferase reporter assay. Two compounds, 7 and 12, showing ER inhibitory activity comparable to clinical inhibitors such as tamoxifen or fulvestrant were selected. We propose that the inhibitory effect of compounds 7 and 12 on ER is related to the presence of a double bond in their D-ring, which may protect against ER activation by reducing the electron density of the keto group, or may undergo metabolism leading to an active compound. Western blotting revealed that compound 12 decreased the level of ER in the breast cancer cell line MCF7, which was associated with reduced expression of both isoforms of the progesterone receptor, a well-known downstream target of ER. However, compound 12 has a different mechanism of action from fulvestrant. Furthermore, we found that compound 12 interferes with mitochondrial functions, probably by disrupting the electron transport chain, leading to induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway even in ER-negative breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the combination of computational and experimental methods shown here represents a rapid approach to determine the activity of compounds towards ER. Our data will not only contribute to research focused on the regulation of ER activity but may also be useful for the further development of novel steroid receptor-targeted drugs applicable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vonka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Bazgier
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, třída 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Tichy
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Kolarova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Holcakova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, třída 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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4
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Villadsen AB, Holm-Jacobsen JN, Prabhala BK, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Huntjens P, Kornum JB, Glavind K, Leutscher PDC, Christensen LP, Jeppesen PB, Sørensen S, Arenholt LTS. Use of Fermented Red Clover Isoflavones in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4165. [PMID: 37836449 PMCID: PMC10574253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at risk of developing an overactive bladder (OAB). Conventional vaginal estrogen has shown promise for symptom relief. Isoflavones have proven effective as an alternative to estrogen treatment against menopause-related symptoms. However, its effect on OAB symptoms has not been studied. This study investigates if fermented red clover isoflavones reduce OAB symptoms in postmenopausal women. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, women were administered red clover extract (RCE) or a placebo twice daily for three months. Women filled out the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB) and Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF), together with a fluid intake and voiding diary. A total of 33 women (16 in the RCE group and 17 in the placebo group) were included in the analysis. Baseline demographics and OAB characteristics were comparable across groups. Intake of RCE did not lead to significant relief in most urinary bladder symptom measures, although a significant reduction in the bother of urinary urgency (p = 0.033) and a tendency towards a decreased ICIQ-OAB score were observed (p = 0.056). In contrast, the placebo exhibited a significant decrease in the ICIQ-OAB score (p = 0.021) and in some diary outcomes. We found that an intake of isoflavones did not relieve OAB symptoms in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie B. Villadsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julie N. Holm-Jacobsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Bala K. Prabhala
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.K.P.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pam Huntjens
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Jette B. Kornum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Karin Glavind
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Peter D. C. Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.K.P.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Per B. Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise T. S. Arenholt
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark
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5
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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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Laskar YB, Mazumder PB, Talukdar AD. Hibiscus sabdariffa anthocyanins are potential modulators of estrogen receptor alpha activity with favourable toxicology: a computational analysis using molecular docking, ADME/Tox prediction, 2D/3D QSAR and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:611-633. [PMID: 34854367 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2009914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen hormone receptor (ER) mediated gene expression mainly regulate the development and physiology of the primary and secondary reproductive system alongside bone-forming, metabolism and behaviour. Over-expressed ER is associated with several pathological conditions and play a crucial role in breast cancer occurrence, progression and metastasis. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. or roselle is a rich source of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds that reportedly have robust estrogenic activity. However, the estrogen-like ingredient of the plant remains ambiguous. This study has screened a library of already recorded and less-explored compounds of Hibiscus sabdariffa for their estrogen receptor binding affinity and safety using a suite of computational methods that include protein-ligand docking, ADME and Toxicity prediction, and 2D/3D QSAR. The study revealed that the estrogen-receptor binding potential of Pelargonidin, Delphinidin, Cyanidin, and Hibiscetin are more efficient than popular breast cancer drugs, Tamoxifen and Raloxifene. Besides, the compounds exhibited favourable toxicological parameters with potent bioactivity towards binding ER-α subunit. Thus, these compounds can serve as prototypes for designing novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator molecules with a few structural modifications. This is the first report exploring the phytochemical basis of estrogenic activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahyea Baktiar Laskar
- Natural Product and Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Pranab Behari Mazumder
- Natural Product and Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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7
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Mhalhel K, Sicari M, Pansera L, Chen J, Levanti M, Diotel N, Rastegar S, Germanà A, Montalbano G. Zebrafish: A Model Deciphering the Impact of Flavonoids on Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020252. [PMID: 36672187 PMCID: PMC9856690 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, advances in biotechnology, biochemistry, and pharmacognosy have spotlighted flavonoids, polyphenolic secondary metabolites that have the ability to modulate many pathways involved in various biological mechanisms, including those involved in neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. Moreover, flavonoids are known to impact the biological processes involved in developing neurodegenerative diseases, namely oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, several flavonoids could be used as adjuvants to prevent and counteract neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Zebrafish is an interesting model organism that can offer new opportunities to study the beneficial effects of flavonoids on neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, the high genome homology of 70% to humans, the brain organization largely similar to the human brain as well as the similar neuroanatomical and neurochemical processes, and the high neurogenic activity maintained in the adult brain makes zebrafish a valuable model for the study of human neurodegenerative diseases and deciphering the impact of flavonoids on those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Mhalhel
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Mirea Sicari
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Lidia Pansera
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Jincan Chen
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Maria Levanti
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de la Réunion, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (G.M.); Tel.: +49-721-608-22507 (S.R.); +39-090-6766822 (G.M.)
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (G.M.); Tel.: +49-721-608-22507 (S.R.); +39-090-6766822 (G.M.)
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Çetiner E, Sayın K, Ünal Y. Optimization, spectral characterization, QSAR, and molecular docking analyses of newly designed boron compounds. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Handa C, Yamazaki Y, Yonekubo S, Furuya N, Momose T, Ozawa T, Furuishi T, Fukuzawa K, Yonemochi E. Evaluating the correlation of binding affinities between isothermal titration calorimetry and fragment molecular orbital method of estrogen receptor beta with diarylpropionitrile (DPN) or DPN derivatives. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 222:106152. [PMID: 35810932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are ligand-activated transcription factors, with two subtypes ERα and ERβ. The endogenous ligand of ERs is the common 17β-estradiol, and the ligand-binding pocket of ERα and ERβ is very similar. Nevertheless, some ERβ-selective agonist ligands have been reported. DPN (diarylpropionitrile) is a widely used ERβ-selective agonist; however, the structure of the ERβ-DPN complex has not been solved. Therefore, the bound-state conformation of DPN and its enantioselectivity remain unresolved. In this report, we present the structures of the complexes of ERβ with DPN or its derivatives that include a chlorine atom by the X-ray crystallography. Additionally, we measured the binding affinity between ERβ and DPN or derivatives by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and estimated the binding affinity by fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations. We also examined the correlation between the ITC data and results from the FMO calculations. FMO calculations showed that S-DPN interacts strongly with three amino acids (Glu305, Phe356, and His475) of ERβ, and ITC measurements confirmed that the chlorine atom of the DPN derivatives enhances binding affinity. The enthalpy change by ITC correlated strongly with the interaction energy (total IFIEs; inter-fragment interaction energies) calculated by FMO (R = 0.870). We propose that FMO calculations are a valuable approach for enhancing enthalpy contributions in drug design, and its scope of applications includes halogen atoms such as chlorine. This study is the first quantitative comparison of thermodynamic parameters obtained from ITC measurements and FMO calculations, providing new insights for future precise drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Handa
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4365-1, Hotakakashiwabara, Azumino, Nagano 399-8304, Japan; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yamazaki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yonekubo
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4365-1, Hotakakashiwabara, Azumino, Nagano 399-8304, Japan
| | - Noritaka Furuya
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4365-1, Hotakakashiwabara, Azumino, Nagano 399-8304, Japan
| | - Takaki Momose
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4365-1, Hotakakashiwabara, Azumino, Nagano 399-8304, Japan
| | - Tomonaga Ozawa
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4365-1, Hotakakashiwabara, Azumino, Nagano 399-8304, Japan
| | - Takayuki Furuishi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Chen Y, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Huang F, Chen L. Identification of Di/Tripeptide(s) With Osteoblasts Proliferation Stimulation Abilities of Yak Bone Collagen by in silico Screening and Molecular Docking. Front Nutr 2022; 9:874259. [PMID: 35711539 PMCID: PMC9197386 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.874259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), cannabinoid receptor 2 (CBR2), and estrogen receptor α (ERα) play vital roles in osteoblasts proliferation. Also, collagen peptides have osteoblasts proliferation stimulation abilities, and di/tri-peptides could be absorbed by the intestine more easily. This study obtained three di/tripeptides with potential osteoblasts proliferation stimulation abilities of yak bone collagen, namely, MGF, CF, and MF, by in silico screening. Results suggested that these three peptides exhibited good absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. They also had strong affinities with EPCR, CBR2, and ERα, and the total -CDOCKER energy (-CE) values were 150.9469, 113.1835, and 115.3714 kcal/mol, respectively. However, further Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays indicated that only MGF could significantly (P < 0.05) stimulate osteoblasts proliferation at 0.3 mg/ml. At the same time, the proliferating index (PI) of the osteoblasts treated with MGF increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity decreased highly significantly (P < 0.01). In summary, MGF exhibited the potential to be an effective treatment for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkai Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yujie Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Beneficial effects of the fructus Sophorae extract on experimentally induced osteoporosis in New Zealand white rabbits. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:289-302. [PMID: 36651509 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sophora japonica is a source of several flavonol, flavone and isoflavone glycosides that are reported to positively affect menopausal symptoms including osteoporotic complications. In the present study fructus Sophorae extract (FSE) was administered orally for three months at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 in ovariectomized (OVX) New Zealand rabbits. 3D computed tomography scans and histopathological images revealed microstructural disturbances in the bones of the castrated animals. FSE recovered most of the affected parameters in bones in a manner similar to zoledronic acid (ZA) used as a positive control. The aglycones of the main active compounds of FSE, daidzin, and genistin, were docked into the alpha and beta estrogen receptors and stable complexes were found. The findings of this study provide an insight into the effects of FSE on bone tissue loss and suggest that it could be further developed as a potential candidate for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporotic complications.
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12
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Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha Antagonists, Part 3: 3-D Pharmacophore and 3-D QSAR Guided Brefeldin A Hit-to-Lead Optimization toward New Breast Cancer Suppressants. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092823. [PMID: 35566172 PMCID: PMC9101642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an important biological target mediating 17β-estradiol driven breast cancer (BC) development. Aiming to develop innovative drugs against BC, either wild-type or mutated ligand-ERα complexes were used as source data to build structure-based 3-D pharmacophore and 3-D QSAR models, afterward used as tools for the virtual screening of National Cancer Institute datasets and hit-to-lead optimization. The procedure identified Brefeldin A (BFA) as hit, then structurally optimized toward twelve new derivatives whose anticancer activity was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Compounds as SERMs showed picomolar to low nanomolar potencies against ERα and were then investigated as antiproliferative agents against BC cell lines, as stimulators of p53 expression, as well as BC cell cycle arrest agents. Most active leads were finally profiled upon administration to female Wistar rats with pre-induced BC, after which 3DPQ-12, 3DPQ-3, 3DPQ-9, 3DPQ-4, 3DPQ-2, and 3DPQ-1 represent potential candidates for BC therapy.
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13
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Molecular action of larvicidal flavonoids on ecdysteroidogenic glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo in Aedes aegypti. BMC Biol 2022; 20:43. [PMID: 35172816 PMCID: PMC8851771 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito control is a crucial global issue for protecting the human community from mosquito-borne diseases. There is an urgent need for the development of selective and safe reagents for mosquito control. Flavonoids, a group of chemical substances with variable phenolic structures, such as daidzein, have been suggested as potential mosquito larvicides with less risk to the environment. However, the mode of mosquito larvicidal action of flavonoids has not been elucidated. Results Here, we report that several flavonoids, including daidzein, inhibit the activity of glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo (Nobo), an enzyme used for the biosynthesis of the insect steroid hormone ecdysone, in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. The crystal structure of the Nobo protein of Ae. aegypti (AeNobo) complexed with the flavonoids and its molecular dynamics simulation revealed that Glu113 forms a hydrogen bond with the flavonoid inhibitors. Consistent with this observation, substitution of Glu113 with Ala drastically reduced the inhibitory activity of the flavonoids against AeNobo. Among the identified flavonoid-type inhibitors, desmethylglycitein (4′,6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity in vitro. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of the flavonoids correlated with the larvicidal activity, as desmethylglycitein suppressed Ae. aegypti larval development more efficiently than daidzein. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the mode of action of flavonoids on the Ae. aegypti Nobo protein at the atomic, enzymatic, and organismal levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01233-2.
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14
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Molecular profiling of ginsenoside metabolites to identify estrogen receptor alpha activity. Gene 2021; 813:146108. [PMID: 34929341 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) and 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol (PPT) are major metabolites of ginseng in humans and are considered to have estrogenic activity in cellular bioassays. In this study, we conducted in silico analyses to determine whether PPD and PPT interact with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and compared them with ERα agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists to identify their ERα activity. The transcriptome profile of 17β-estradiol (E2), PPD, and PPT in MCF-7 cells expressing ERα was further compared to understand the ERα activity of ginsenoside metabolites. The results showed that PPD and PPT interacted with the 1ERE, 1GWR, and 3UUD ERα proteins in the E2 interaction model, the 3ERD protein in the diethylstilbestrol (DES) interaction model, and the 1X7R protein in the genistein (GEN) interaction model. Conversely, neither the 4PP6 protein of the interaction model with the antagonist resveratrol (RES) nor the 1ERR protein of the interaction model with the antagonist raloxifene (RAL) showed the conformation of amino acid residues. When E2, PPD, and PPT were exposed to MCF-7 cells, cell proliferation and gene expression were observed. The transcriptomic profiles of E2, PPD, and PPT were compared using a knowledge-based pathway. PPD-induced transcription profiling was similar to that of E2, and the neural transmission pathway was detected in both compounds. In contrast, PPT-induced transcription profiling displayed characteristics of gene expression associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. These results suggest that ginsenoside metabolites have ERα agonist activity and exhibit neuroprotective effects and anti-inflammatory actions. However, a meta-analysis using public microarray data showed that the mother compounds GRb1 and GRg1 of PPD and PPT showed metabolic functions in insulin signaling pathways, condensed DNA repair and cell cycle pathways, and immune response and synaptogenesis. These results suggest that the ginsenoside metabolites have potent ERα agonist activity; however, their gene expression profiles may differ from those of E2.
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15
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Mihović N, Tomašević N, Matić S, Mitrović MM, Kostić DA, Sabatino M, Antonini L, Ragno R, Mladenović M. Human Estrogen Receptor α Antagonists. Part 1: 3-D QSAR-Driven Rational Design of Innovative Coumarin-Related Antiestrogens as Breast Cancer Suppressants through Structure-Based and Ligand-Based Studies. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5028-5053. [PMID: 34648283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) represents a 17β-estradiol-inducible transcriptional regulator that initiates the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcriptional machinery, pointed for breast cancer (BC) development via either genomic direct or genomic indirect (i.e., tethered) pathway. To develop innovative ligands, structure-based (SB) three-dimensional (3-D) quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies have been undertaken from structural data taken from partial agonists, mixed agonists/antagonists (selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)), and full antagonists (selective ERα downregulators (SERDs)) correlated with either wild-type or mutated ERα receptors. SB and ligand-based (LB) alignments allow us to rule out guidelines for the SB/LB alignment of untested compounds. 3-D QSAR models for ERα ligands, coupled with SB/LB alignment, were revealed to be useful tools to dissect the chemical determinants for ERα-based anticancer activity as well as to predict their potency. The herein developed protocol procedure was verified through the design and potency prediction of 12 new coumarin-based SERMs, namely, 3DQ-1a to 3DQ-1e, that upon synthesis turned to be potent ERα antagonists by means of either in vitro or in vivo assays (described in the second part of this study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezrina Mihović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tomašević
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matić
- Institute for Informational Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina M Mitrović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela A Kostić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonini
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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16
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Schaduangrat N, Malik AA, Nantasenamat C. ERpred: a web server for the prediction of subtype-specific estrogen receptor antagonists. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11716. [PMID: 34285834 PMCID: PMC8274494 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) are responsible for breast cancer metastasis through their involvement of clinical outcomes. Estradiol and hormone replacement therapy targets both ERs, but this often leads to an increased risk of breast and endometrial cancers as well as thromboembolism. A major challenge is posed for the development of compounds possessing ER subtype specificity. Herein, we present a large-scale classification structure-activity relationship (CSAR) study of inhibitors from the ChEMBL database which consisted of an initial set of 11,618 compounds for ERα and 7,810 compounds for ERβ. The IC50 was selected as the bioactivity unit for further investigation and after the data curation process, this led to a final data set of 1,593 and 1,281 compounds for ERα and ERβ, respectively. We employed the random forest (RF) algorithm for model building and of the 12 fingerprint types, models built using the PubChem fingerprint was the most robust (Ac of 94.65% and 92.25% and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 89% and 76% for ERα and ERβ, respectively) and therefore selected for feature interpretation. Results indicated the importance of features pertaining to aromatic rings, nitrogen-containing functional groups and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Finally, the model was deployed as the publicly available web server called ERpred at http://codes.bio/erpred where users can submit SMILES notation as the input query for prediction of the bioactivity against ERα and ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Ohbuchi K, Hirokawa T. Protein druggability assessment for natural products using in silico simulation: A case study with estrogen receptor and the flavonoid genistein. Gene 2021; 791:145726. [PMID: 34010704 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) comprises a vast number of natural compounds. Most of them are metabolized into different structures after administration, which makes the clarification of THM's mode of action more complicated. To evaluate the biological activities of those components and metabolites, in silico simulation technology is helpful. We focused on mixed-solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for druggability assessment of natural products. Mixed-solvent MD is an in silico simulation method for the exploration of ligand-binding sites on target proteins, which uses water and an organic molecule mixture. The selection of organic small molecules is an important factor for predicting the characteristics of natural products. In this study, we used the known crystal structure of estrogen receptors with genistein as a test case and explored fragments reflecting the characteristics of natural products. We found that structures with a 4-pyrone structure are more often included in the natural products database compared with the DrugBank database, and we selectively detected the known-binding sites of estrogen receptor α and β. The results indicate that the 4-pyrone structure might be promising for predicting the protein druggability of flavonoids. Additionally, mixed-solvent MD simulation discriminates the selectivity of genistein between estrogen receptor β and α, indicating that the simulation can be evaluated using indices that differ from those of traditional ligand docking. Although this approach is still in its early stages, it has the potential to provide valuable information for understanding the diverse biological activities of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Division of Biomedical Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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18
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D’Arrigo G, Gianquinto E, Rossetti G, Cruciani G, Lorenzetti S, Spyrakis F. Binding of Androgen- and Estrogen-Like Flavonoids to Their Cognate (Non)Nuclear Receptors: A Comparison by Computational Prediction. Molecules 2021; 26:1613. [PMID: 33799482 PMCID: PMC8001607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant bioactives that are recognized as hormone-like polyphenols because of their similarity to the endogenous sex steroids 17β-estradiol and testosterone, and to their estrogen- and androgen-like activity. Most efforts to verify flavonoid binding to nuclear receptors (NRs) and explain their action have been focused on ERα, while less attention has been paid to other nuclear and non-nuclear membrane androgen and estrogen receptors. Here, we investigate six flavonoids (apigenin, genistein, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, and resveratrol) that are widely present in fruits and vegetables, and often used as replacement therapy in menopause. We performed comparative computational docking simulations to predict their capability of binding nuclear receptors ERα, ERβ, ERRβ, ERRγ, androgen receptor (AR), and its variant ART877A and membrane receptors for androgens, i.e., ZIP9, GPRC6A, OXER1, TRPM8, and estrogens, i.e., G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER). In agreement with data reported in literature, our results suggest that these flavonoids show a relevant degree of complementarity with both estrogen and androgen NR binding sites, likely triggering genomic-mediated effects. It is noteworthy that reliable protein-ligand complexes and estimated interaction energies were also obtained for some suggested estrogen and androgen membrane receptors, indicating that flavonoids could also exert non-genomic actions. Further investigations are needed to clarify flavonoid multiple genomic and non-genomic effects. Caution in their administration could be necessary, until the safe assumption of these natural molecules that are largely present in food is assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D’Arrigo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Eleonora Gianquinto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9) and Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5) “Computational Biomedicine”, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH, Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
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Singh VK, Seed TM. BIO 300: a promising radiation countermeasure under advanced development for acute radiation syndrome and the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 29:429-441. [PMID: 32450051 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1757648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are no radioprotectors currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for either the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) or for the acute radiation gastrointestinal syndrome (GI-ARS). There are currently, however, three US FDA-approved medicinals that serve to mitigate acute irradiation-associated hematopoietic injury. AREA COVERED We present the current status of a promising radiation countermeasure, BIO 300 (a genistein-based agent), that has been extensively investigated in murine models of H-ARS and models of the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) and is currently being evaluated in large animal models. It is also being developed for the prevention of radiation-induced toxicities associated with solid tumor radiotherapy and is the subject of two active Investigational New Drug (IND) applications. We have included a listing and brief review of significant investigations of this promising medical countermeasure. EXPERT OPINION BIO 300 is a leading radioprotector under advanced development for H-ARS and DEARE, as well as for select oncologic indication(s). Efficacy following oral administration (po), lack of clinical side effects, storage at ambient temperature, and intended dual use makes BIO 300 an ideal candidate for military and civilian use as well as for storage in the Strategic National Stockpile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Cho HW, Gim HJ, Li H, Subedi L, Kim SY, Ryu JH, Jeon R. Structure-Activity Relationship of Phytoestrogen Analogs as ERα/β Agonists with Neuroprotective Activities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:99-105. [PMID: 33390527 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A set of isoflavononid and flavonoid analogs was prepared and evaluated for estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ transactivation and anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of naturally occurring phytoestrogens, their metabolites, and related isoflavone analogs revealed the importance of the C-ring of isoflavonoids for ER activity and selectivity. Docking study suggested putative binding modes of daidzein 2 and dehydroequol 8 in the active site of ERα and ERβ, and provided an understanding of the promising activity and selectivity of dehydroequol 8. Among the tested compounds, equol 7 and dehydroequol 8 were the most potent ERα/β agonists with ERβ selectivity and neuroprotective activity. This study provides knowledge on the SAR of isoflavonoids for further development of potent and selective ER agonists with neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Hyo Jin Gim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Hua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University
| | | | | | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Raok Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University
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21
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Tanwar AK, Dhiman N, Kumar A, Jaitak V. Engagement of phytoestrogens in breast cancer suppression: Structural classification and mechanistic approach. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113037. [PMID: 33257172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the world's devastating disease, and breast cancer is the most common reason for the death of women worldwide. Many synthetic drugs and medications are provided with their beneficial actions, but all of these have side effects and resistance problems. Natural remedies are coming forward to overcome the disadvantages of synthetic drugs. Among the natural categories, phytoestrogens having a structural similarity of mammalian oestradiol proves its benefit with various mechanisms not only in the treatment of breast cancer but even to prevent the occurrence of postmenopausal symptoms. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds that were utilized in ancient medications and traditional knowledge for its sex hormone properties. Phytoestrogens exert pleiotropic effects on cellular signalling and show effects on estrogen-dependent diseases. However, because of activation/inhibition of steroid hormonal receptor ER-α or ER-β, these compounds induce or inhibit steroid hormonal (estrogen) action and, therefore, have the potential to disrupt hormone (estrogen) signalling pathway. In this review, we have discussed and summarize the effect of certain phytoestrogens and their possible mechanisms that can substantiate advantageous benefits for the treatment of post-menopausal symptoms as well as for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kumar Tanwar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Neha Dhiman
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
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22
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Valdés-Sustaita B, Estrada-Camarena E, González-Trujano ME, López-Rubalcava C. Estrogen receptors-β and serotonin mediate the antidepressant-like effect of an aqueous extract of pomegranate in ovariectomized rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104904. [PMID: 33220387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit is of particular interest because of its high nutritional value and therapeutic actions. Recently, we showed that an aqueous extract of pomegranate (AE-PG) given by oral route induced antidepressant-like actions mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) suggesting its potential to function as an alternative to estrogen therapy replacement in menopause-related depression treatment. Orally administered AE-PG allows the biotransformation of ellagitannins into active estrogenic compounds through the intestinal microbiota. However, it is necessary to know if compounds that do not need to be biotransformed by the intestinal microbiota are involved in the antidepressant-like effects. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to determine if AE-PG produces an antidepressant-like effect when administered intraperitoneally. Also, to determine the participation of specific ER-subtypes (α or β) and to analyze the role of the serotonergic system. Young female Wistar rats were ovariectomized as a surgical model of menopause. The intraperitoneal administration of AE-PG (1 mg/kg; i. p.) was evaluated in the forced swimming test and open field tests. Also, the ERα antagonist (TPBM; 50 μg/rat; s. c.) or the ERβ antagonist (PHTPP; 25 μg/rat; s. c.) were administered with AE-PG to analyze the participation of the specific ERs. Finally, the effect of the serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-DHT (200 μg/rat; i. c.v.) on the antidepressant-like effect of the AE-PG was studied in independent experimental groups. RESULTS: showed that AE-PG administered by intraperitoneal route induced antidepressant-like effects. This result suggests that gut microbiota biotransformation is not necessary to exert its actions. The mechanism of action involves the activation of the ERβ and the serotonergic system. Altogether, this information contributes to the elucidation of the antidepressant action of the pomegranate fruit, which could be further considered as an alternative treatment for depression during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Valdés-Sustaita
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados. Calzada de los Tenorios 235. Col. Granjas Coapa 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados. Calzada de los Tenorios 235. Col. Granjas Coapa 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Lu JJ, Zhou FM, Hu XJ, Fang JJ, Liu CX, Zhu BQ, Ding ZS. Molecular docking simulation and in vitro studies on estrogenic activities of flavonoids from leaves of Carya cathayensis Sarg. Steroids 2020; 163:108726. [PMID: 32889051 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the estrogenic properties of total flavonoids (TFs) and five flavonoid monomers (cardamonin (Car), pinostrobin chalcone (PC), wogonin (Wo), chrysin (Chr) and Pinocembrin (PI)) from leaves of Carya cathayensis Sarg (LCC). TFs from LCC were isolated and determined using HPLC. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were performed to assess the effects of flavonoids on cell proliferation and cell cycle, respectively. The molecular docking technique was applied to investigate binding conformations of the monomers from LCC to the estrogen receptor ERα and ERβ. Gene and protein expression patterns were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. The results showed that TFs, Car, PC, Wo and Chr promoted proliferation of MCF-7 cells and cell transition from the G1 to S phase, and inhabitation of MCF-7 cell proliferation was observed after the treatment of PI. Molecular docking studies confirmed ERs as molecular targets for the monomers. TFs, Car, PC, Wo and Chr from LCC promoted gene expression of ERα, ERβ, progesterone receptor (PR) and pS2. Our collective results demonstrated that TFs and monomers from LCC may exert ER agonist activity through competitively bind to ER, inducing ER upregulation and active ER to estrogen response element (ERE)- independent gene regulation. As an abundant natural product, LCC may provide a novel medicinal source for treatment of diseases caused by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang-Mei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Jiao Hu
- Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Fang
- Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Ye H, Shaw IC. Dietary isoflavone-induced, estrogen receptor-β-mediated proliferation of Caco-2 cells is modulated by gallic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111743. [PMID: 32926937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary isoflavones and their biotransformation products (from food fermentation) are estrogen mimics which activate estrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ. In silico molecular modelling is used to determine theoretical binding energies of genistein, daidzein and hydroxylated biotransformation products, and to investigate structure-binding energy relationships with ERβ. Results suggest that ligand hydroxyl arrangement determines binding energy and influences binding affinity. Caco-2 cells (ERβ expressing) are used to study the proliferative effect of genistein, daidzein and their hydroxylated biotransformation products. Isoflavones/biotransformation products showed weaker enhancement of Caco-2 proliferation than 17β-estradiol. The EC50s of isoflavones/biotransformation products agreed with in silico-predicted binding affinity order. Hydroxylated biotransformation products studied showed greater Caco-2 proliferative effects than the parent isoflavones except 8-hydroxygenistein, probably due to unfavourable ERβ interactions caused by 8-hydroxygenistein's extra hydroxyl. Caco-2 pre-treatment with UDP-glucose dehydrogenase inhibitor gallic acid promoted genistein/8-hydroxygenistein-mediated proliferation. This is probably due to a reduced isoflavone glucuronidation to form low estrogenicity glucuronides. Findings are discussed in the context of dietary isoflavones/gallic acid and effects on proliferation of ERβ-expressing gut cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Human Toxicology Research Group, School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Ian C Shaw
- Human Toxicology Research Group, School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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25
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Ganguly M, Hazarika J, Sarma S, Bhuyan P, Mahanta R. Estrogen receptor modulation of some polyphenols extracted from Daucus carota as a probable mechanism for antifertility effect: An in silico study. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633620410047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The seeds of Daucus carota, traditionally used by women in many countries to prevent conception, were proved to have negative impact on reproductive hormone levels as well as on the estrous cycles in albino mice affecting the fertility status. This study is an attempt to investigate the possible role of polyphenols present in the seeds in hampering the reproductive processes. The Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation studies reveal that six polyphenols present in the seeds can bind with the active sites of human Estrogen Receptor (ER) and may interfere in the estrogen signaling in human. These polyphenols were found to bind to a conservative pocket of ER[Formula: see text], which is comprised of residues 343–388, 421–428 and 525–540. Docking studies indicated the presence of strong hydrogen bonding, pi–pi interactions and numerous hydrophobic interactions that stabilize the ER[Formula: see text]-polyphenol complexes. The docked complexes were further subjected to MM/GBSA analysis to calculate binding free energies. Molecular dynamic simulation studies carried out for a period of 20[Formula: see text]ns revealed low RMS deviation values suggesting high accuracy of the docking poses and stability of the complexes. Out of the six polyphenols, catechin and epicatechin have shown highest binding affinity towards the ER[Formula: see text] receptor. These findings will help in identifying ER modulators of plant origin targeting ER alpha and predicting their effects on the reproductive hormone homeostasis. Moreover, this study may form preliminary basis for further identification of potential herbal antifertility agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausumi Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Jnyandeep Hazarika
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Shruti Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Pranjal Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Rita Mahanta
- Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
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26
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Ferreira Almeida C, Oliveira A, João Ramos M, Fernandes PA, Teixeira N, Amaral C. Estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer treatment: Are multi-target compounds the next promising approach? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113989. [PMID: 32330493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is currently the main therapeutic approach for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, the most frequent subtype of breast cancer in women worldwide. For this subtype of tumors, the current clinical treatment includes aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and anti-estrogenic compounds, such as Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant, being AIs the first-line treatment option for post-menopausal women. Moreover, the recent guidelines also suggest the use of these compounds by pre-menopausal women after suppressing ovaries function. However, besides its therapeutic efficacy, the prolonged use of this type of therapies may lead to the development of several adverse effects, as well as, endocrine resistance, limiting the effectiveness of such treatments. In order to surpass this issues and clinical concerns, during the last years, several studies have been suggesting alternative therapeutic approaches, considering the function of aromatase, ERα and ERβ. Here, we review the structural and functional features of these three targets and their importance in ER+ breast cancer treatment, as well as, the current treatment strategies used in clinic, emphasizing the importance of the development of multi-target compounds able to simultaneously modulate these key targets, as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferreira Almeida
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramos
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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27
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Pinzi L, Rastelli G. Identification of Target Associations for Polypharmacology from Analysis of Crystallographic Ligands of the Protein Data Bank. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:372-390. [PMID: 31800237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of a chemical entity that potently and selectively binds to a biological target of therapeutic relevance has dominated the scene of drug discovery so far. However, recent findings suggest that multitarget ligands may be endowed with superior efficacy and be less prone to drug resistance. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) provides experimentally validated structural information about targets and bound ligands. Therefore, it represents a valuable source of information to help identifying active sites, understanding pharmacophore requirements, designing novel ligands, and inferring structure-activity relationships. In this study, we performed a large-scale analysis of the PDB by integrating different ligand-based and structure-based approaches, with the aim of identifying promising target associations for polypharmacology based on reported crystal structure information. First, the 2D and 3D similarity profiles of the crystallographic ligands were evaluated using different ligand-based methods. Then, activity data of pairs of similar ligands binding to different targets were inspected by comparing structural information with bioactivity annotations reported in the ChEMBL, BindingDB, BindingMOAD, and PDBbind databases. Afterward, extensive docking screenings of ligands in the identified cross-targets were made in order to validate and refine the ligand-based results. Finally, the therapeutic relevance of the identified target combinations for polypharmacology was evaluated from comparison with information on therapeutic targets reported in the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The results led to the identification of several target associations with high therapeutic potential for polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
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28
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Makar S, Saha T, Swetha R, Gutti G, Kumar A, Singh SK. Rational approaches of drug design for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), implicated in breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103380. [PMID: 31757413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development have gained momentum due to the rational drug design by engaging computational tools and bioinformatics methodologies. Bioisosteric replacements and hybrid molecular approaches are the other inventive processes, used by medicinal chemists for the desired modifications of leads for clinical drug candidates. SERMs, ought to produce inhibitory activity in breast, uterus and agonist activity in other tissues, are beneficial for estrogen-like actions. ER subtypes α and β are hormone dependent modulators of intracellular signaling and gene expression, and development of ER selective ligands could be an effective approach for treatment of breast cancer. This report has critically investigated the possible designing considerations of SERMs, their in silico interactions, and potent pharmacophore generation approaches viz. indole, restricted benzothiophene [3, 2-b] indole, carborane, xanthendione, combretastatin A-4, organometallic heterocycles, OBHS-SAHA hybrids, benzopyranones, tetrahydroisoquinolines, Dig G derivatives and their specifications in drug design and development, to rationally improve the understanding in drug discovery. This also includes various strategies for the development of dual inhibitors for the management of antiestrogenic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India.
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29
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Ye H, Shaw IC. Food flavonoid ligand structure/estrogen receptor-α affinity relationships - toxicity or food functionality? Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:328-336. [PMID: 30986440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In silico molecular modelling is used to study interactions between flavonoid phytoestrogens and estrogen receptor (ER)α. Twenty flavonoids from foods were studied; e.g., genistein from soy, naringenin from grapefruit, phloretin from pears, chrysin from oyster mushrooms. These potential ligands' molecular attributes and their spatial arrangements that favour binding to the ligand binding cleft (LBC) of ERα are identified, and Docking Scores calculated. The Docking Score order is the same as the estrogenicity order for 8 of the flavonoids studied in detail. The number and position of flavonoid ring hydroxyls influence the Docking Scores which might relate to ERα's bio-activity. Hydrophobic interactions between ligands and ERα are also important; the number of rotatable CC bonds in ligands likely affects the magnitude of hydrophobic interactions and ligand fit. Our findings suggest that flavonoids with diverse structural features could have different binding energies and binding affinities with ERα, which might confer different functionalities and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Human Toxicology Research Group, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ian C Shaw
- Human Toxicology Research Group, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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30
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Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen peroxide activated estrogen receptor beta ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2075-2082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Landauer MR, Harvey AJ, Kaytor MD, Day RM. Mechanism and therapeutic window of a genistein nanosuspension to protect against hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:308-317. [PMID: 31038675 PMCID: PMC6530628 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There are no FDA-approved drugs that can be administered prior to ionizing radiation exposure to prevent hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). A suspension of synthetic genistein nanoparticles was previously shown to be an effective radioprotectant against H-ARS when administered prior to exposure to a lethal dose of total body radiation. Here we aimed to determine the time to protection and the duration of protection when the genistein nanosuspension was administered by intramuscular injection, and we also investigated the drug's mechanism of action. A single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension was an effective radioprotectant when given prophylactically 48 h to 12 h before irradiation, with maximum effectiveness occurring when administered 24 h before. No survival advantage was observed in animals administered only a single dose of drug after irradiation. The dose reduction factor of the genistein nanosuspension was determined by comparing the survival of treated and untreated animals following different doses of total body irradiation. As genistein is a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist, we also explored whether this was a central component of its radioprotective mechanism of action. Mice that received an intramuscular injection of an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) prior to administration of the genistein nanosuspension had significantly lower survival following total body irradiation compared with animals only receiving the nanosuspension (P < 0.01). These data define the time to and duration of radioprotection following a single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension and identify its likely mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Landauer
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4555 South Palmer Road, Building 42, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam J Harvey
- Humanetics Corporation, 7650 Edinborough Way, Suite 620, Edina, MN, USA
| | - Michael D Kaytor
- Humanetics Corporation, 7650 Edinborough Way, Suite 620, Edina, MN, USA
| | - Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Building C, Roomm 2023, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Building C, Room 2023, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA. Tel: +301-295-3236; fax: +301-295-3220;
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32
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Fuentes N, Silveyra P. Estrogen receptor signaling mechanisms. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:135-170. [PMID: 31036290 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The primary female sex hormones, estrogens, are responsible for the control of functions of the female reproductive system, as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics that appear during puberty and sexual maturity. Estrogens exert their actions by binding to specific receptors, the estrogen receptors (ERs), which in turn activate transcriptional processes and/or signaling events that result in the control of gene expression. These actions can be mediated by direct binding of estrogen receptor complexes to specific sequences in gene promoters (genomic effects), or by mechanisms that do not involve direct binding to DNA (non-genomic effects). Whether acting via direct nuclear effects, indirect non-nuclear actions, or a combination of both, the effects of estrogens on gene expression are controlled by highly regulated complex mechanisms. In this chapter, we summarize the knowledge gained in the past 60years since the discovery of the estrogen receptors on the mechanisms governing estrogen-mediated gene expression. We provide an overview of estrogen biosynthesis, and we describe the main mechanisms by which the female sex hormone controls gene transcription in different tissues and cell types. Specifically, we address the molecular events governing regulation of gene expression via the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα, and ERβ) and the membrane estrogen receptor (GPER1). We also describe mechanisms of cross-talk between signaling cascades activated by both nuclear and membrane estrogen receptors. Finally, we discuss natural compounds that are able to target specific estrogen receptors and their implications for human health and medical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fuentes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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33
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Neutrophils life under estrogenic and xenoestrogenic control. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:203-211. [PMID: 30381249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 years ago, scientists had identified cells that represent the most abundant population of peripheral blood leukocytes; they called this population neutrophils. Day by day, the knowledge specific to neutrophils is augmented with new and often surprising aspects and facts about neutrophils' life or death. Estrogens (estrone, estriol, and estradiol) are relevant for the regulation of immune responses that are related with neutrophils. An understanding of the molecular mechanism of the action of endogenous hormones allows us to predict the effects of the substances that commonly occur in an environment with estrogen-like properties (xenoestrogens (e.g., bisphenol A, DDT, tributyltin, polychlorinated biphenyls, nonylphenol and octylphenol)). Therefore, we summarize current literature on the impact of estrogens and xenoestrogens, on each aspect of neutrophil life, as well as describe its mechanism of actions in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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Fokialakis N, Alexi X, Aligiannis N, Boulaka A, Meligova AK, Lambrinidis G, Kalpoutzakis E, Pratsinis H, Cheilari A, Mitsiou DJ, Mitakou S, Alexis MN. Biological evaluation of isoflavonoids from Genista halacsyi using estrogen-target cells: Activities of glucosides compared to aglycones. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210247. [PMID: 30620769 PMCID: PMC6324813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of estrogen target cells to a series of isoflavone glucosides and aglycones from Genista halacsyi Heldr. The methanolic extract of aerial parts of this plant was processed using fast centrifugal partition chromatography, resulting in isolation of four archetypal isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, isoprunetin, 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein) and ten derivatives thereof. 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein were among the most abundant constituents of the isolate. All fourteen, except genistein, displayed low binding affinity for estrogen receptors (ER). Models of binding to ERα could account for the low binding affinity of monoglucosides. Genistein and its glucosides displayed full efficacy in inducing alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) in Ishikawa cells, proliferation of MCF-7 cells and ER-dependent gene expression in reporter cells at low concentrations (around 0.3 μM). ICI182,780 fully antagonized these effects. The AlkP-inducing efficacy of the fourteen isoflavonoids was more strongly correlated with their transcriptional efficacy through ERα. O-monoglucosides displayed higher area under the dose-response curve (AUC) of AlkP response relative to the AUC of ERα-transcriptional response compared to the respective aglycones. In addition, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein displayed estradiol-like efficacy in promoting differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells to osteoblasts, while genistein was not convincingly effective in this respect. Moreover, 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells, while 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein was not convincingly effective and genistein was ineffective. However, genistein and its O-glucosides were ineffective in inhibiting differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells to osteoclasts and in protecting glutamate-challenged HT22 hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death. These findings suggest that 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein display higher estrogen-like and/or anti-inflammatory activity compared to the aglycone. The possibility of using preparations rich in O-β-D-glucopyranosides of genistein to substitute for low-dose estrogen in formulations for menopausal symptoms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Fokialakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (MNA); (NF)
| | - Xanthippi Alexi
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Boulaka
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki K. Meligova
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Cheilari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra J. Mitsiou
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael N. Alexis
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (MNA); (NF)
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35
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Okiyama Y, Watanabe C, Fukuzawa K, Mochizuki Y, Nakano T, Tanaka S. Fragment Molecular Orbital Calculations with Implicit Solvent Based on the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation: II. Protein and Its Ligand-Binding System Studies. J Phys Chem B 2018; 123:957-973. [PMID: 30532968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the electronic properties of bioactive proteins were analyzed using an ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) methodology in solution: coupling with an implicit solvent model based on the Poisson-Boltzmann surface area called as FMO-PBSA. We investigated the solvent effects on practical and heterogeneous targets with uneven exposure to solvents unlike deoxyribonucleic acid analyzed in our recent study. Interfragment interaction energy (IFIE) and its decomposition analyses by FMO-PBSA revealed solvent-screening mechanisms that affect local stability inside ubiquitin protein: the screening suppresses excessiveness in bare charge-charge interactions and enables an intuitive IFIE analysis. The electrostatic character and associated solvation free energy also give consistent results as a whole to previous studies on the explicit solvent model. Moreover, by using the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein bound to ligands, we elucidated the importance of specific interactions that depend on the electric charge and activatability as agonism/antagonism of the ligand while estimating the influences of the implicit solvent on the ligand and helix-12 bindings. The predicted ligand-binding affinities of bioactive compounds to ERα also show a good correlation with their in vitro activities. The FMO-PBSA approach would thus be a promising tool both for biological and pharmaceutical research targeting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Okiyama
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan.,Division of Medicinal Safety Science , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Chiduru Watanabe
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho , Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa 230-0045 , Japan
| | - Kaori Fukuzawa
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , 2-4-41 Ebara , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501 , Japan
| | - Yuji Mochizuki
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Faculty of Science , Rikkyo University , 3-34-1 Nishi-ikebukuro , Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakano
- Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505 , Japan.,Division of Medicinal Safety Science , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Shigenori Tanaka
- Graduate School of System Informatics , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 657-8501 , Japan
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Xu L, Liu JT, Li K, Wang SY, Xu S. Genistein inhibits Ang II-induced CRP and MMP-9 generations via the ER-p38/ERK1/2-PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2018; 216:140-146. [PMID: 30452971 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are involved in the inflammation of atherosclerosis lesions. Genistein (Gen) has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. However, it remains unclear whether Gen produces anti-inflammatory effect in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, we investigated the effects of Gen on CRP and MMP-9 expressions induced by angiotensin (Ang) II in VSMCs and the related molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS Rat VSMCs were cultured, and Ang II was used as a stimulant for CRP and MMP-9 expressions. CRP level was measured by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expressions of related indexes were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Gen inhibited Ang II-stimulated CRP and MMP-9 mRNA and protein expressions in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Additionally, Gen ameliorated Ang II-induced p-ERK1/2, p-p38 and NF-κB expressions, antagonized Ang II-downregulated peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and estrogen receptor (ER) β expressions. After treating the VSMCs with GW9662 or ICI182780 in Gen treated groups, inhibitory effect of Gen on CRP and MMP-9 expressions were antagonized in Ang II-stimulated VSMCs. The treatment of VSMCs with ICI182780 abolished downregulations of p-p38/p-ERK1/2, and antagonized upregulation of PPARγ by Gen in Ang II-stimulated VSMCs. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Gen on Ang II-stimulated NF-κB expression was abolished after preincubation of VSMCs with GW9662 in Gen treated groups. SIGNIFICANCE Gen exerts anti-inflammatory property via the ER-p38/ERK1/2-PPARγ-NF-κB-CRP/MMP-9 signal pathway in Ang II-stimulated VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, People's Republic of China; Hospital Management Institute of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouzhu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
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37
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Quantitative structure-activity relationship for estrogenic flavonoids from Psoralea corylifolia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Baker ME, Lathe R. The promiscuous estrogen receptor: Evolution of physiological estrogens and response to phytochemicals and endocrine disruptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 184:29-37. [PMID: 30009950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many actions of estradiol (E2), the principal physiological estrogen in vertebrates, are mediated by estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and ERβ. An important physiological feature of vertebrate ERs is their promiscuous response to several physiological steroids, including estradiol (E2), Δ5-androstenediol, 5α-androstanediol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol. A novel structural characteristic of Δ5-androstenediol, 5α-androstanediol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol is the presence of a C19 methyl group, which precludes the presence of an aromatic A ring with a C3 phenolic group that is a defining property of E2. The structural diversity of these estrogens can explain the response of the ER to synthetic chemicals such as bisphenol A and DDT, which disrupt estrogen physiology in vertebrates, and the estrogenic activity of a variety of plant-derived chemicals such as genistein, coumestrol, and resveratrol. Diversity in the A ring of physiological estrogens also expands potential structures of industrial chemicals that can act as endocrine disruptors. Compared to E2, synthesis of 27-hydroxycholesterol and Δ5-androstenediol is simpler, leading us, based on parsimony, to propose that one or both of these steroids or a related metabolite was a physiological estrogen early in the evolution of the ER, with E2 assuming this role later as the canonical estrogen. In addition to the well-studied role of the ER in reproductive physiology, the ER also is an important transcription factor in non-reproductive tissues such as the cardiovascular system, kidney, bone, and brain. Some of these ER actions in non-reproductive tissues appeared early in vertebrate evolution, long before the emergence of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Baker
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, 0693, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0693, USA.
| | - Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh, UK.
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Tyagi N, Song YH, De R. Recent progress on biocompatible nanocarrier-based genistein delivery systems in cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:394-407. [PMID: 30124078 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1514040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diets with naturally occuring chemopreventive agents are showing good potentials in serving dual purposes: firstly, for maintaining health, and secondly, for emerging as most puissant cost-effective strategy against chronic diseases like cancer. Genistein, one of the active soy isoflavone, is gaining attention due to its ability to impede carcinogenic processes by regulating wide range of associated molecules and signalling mechanisms. Epidemiologic and preclinical evidences suggest that sufficient consumption of soy-based food having genistein can be correlated to the reduction of cancer risk. However, certain adverse effects like poor oral bioavailability, low aqueous solubility and inefficient pharmacokinetics have pushed it down in the list of phytoconstituents currently undergoing successful clinical trials. In order to maximise the utilisation of therapeutic benefits of this phytoestrogen, suitable drug carrier designs are required. Recently, nanocarriers, mainly composed of polymeric materials, are progressively and innovatively exploited with the aim to improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of genistein. Here, we have briefly reviewed (a) the targeted molecular mechanisms of geinstein, (b) nanopolymeric approaches opted so far in designing carriers and (c) the reasons behind their restricted clinical applications. Finally, some mechanism-based approaches are proposed presenting genistein as the future paradigm in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tyagi
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Yo Han Song
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Ranjit De
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
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40
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Hou TY, Weng CF, Leong MK. Insight Analysis of Promiscuous Estrogen Receptor α-Ligand Binding by a Novel Machine Learning Scheme. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:799-813. [PMID: 30019586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a significant role in occurrence of breast cancer and may cause various adverse side-effects when ERα is an off-target protein. A theoretical model was derived to predict the binding affinity of ERα using the pharmacophore ensemble/support vector machine (PhE/SVM) scheme to consider the promiscuous characteristic of ERα. The estimations by PhE/SVM were discovered to be in good agreement with the observed values for those training molecules ( n = 31, r2 = 0.80, qCV2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.57, s = 0.58), test molecules ( n = 179, q2 = 0.91-0.96, RMSE = 0.33, s = 0.26) and outliers ( n = 15, q2 = 0.80-0.86, RMSE = 0.56, s = 0.49). When subjected to various statistical validations, the PhE/SVM model consistently fulfilled the strictest criteria. A mock test also asserted its predictivity. When compared with crystal structures, the calculated results are consistent with the reported ERα-ligand co-complex structure, and the plasticity nature of ERα is also disclosed. Consequently, this precise, fast, and robust model can be adopted to predict ERα-ligand binding affinities and to design safer non-ERα-targeted pharmaceuticals in the process of drug discovery and development.
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41
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Intimate estrogen receptor-α/ligand relationships signal biological activity. Toxicology 2018; 408:80-87. [PMID: 30018014 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
How does estrogen receptor-α bind its natural ligands - estrogens? How can other molecules mimic estrogens and elicit different estrogenic responses? The answers lie in a complex and intimate chemical biology between ligands and receptor. This delicate interaction at the ligand binding cleft signals, via conformational change, exposure of a specific new charge topography at a second site (Activation Function-2). This, in turn, attracts a regulatory protein which modulates gene expression and controls biological activity.
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42
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Xu L, Gordon R, Farmer R, Pattanayak A, Binkowski A, Huang X, Avram M, Krishna S, Voll E, Pavese J, Chavez J, Bruce J, Mazar A, Nibbs A, Anderson W, Li L, Jovanovic B, Pruell S, Valsecchi M, Francia G, Betori R, Scheidt K, Bergan R. Precision therapeutic targeting of human cancer cell motility. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2454. [PMID: 29934502 PMCID: PMC6014988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cancer cell motility constitutes a root cause of end organ destruction and mortality, but its complex regulation represents a barrier to precision targeting. We use the unique characteristics of small molecules to probe and selectively modulate cell motility. By coupling efficient chemical synthesis routes to multiple upfront in parallel phenotypic screens, we identify that KBU2046 inhibits cell motility and cell invasion in vitro. Across three different murine models of human prostate and breast cancer, KBU2046 inhibits metastasis, decreases bone destruction, and prolongs survival at nanomolar blood concentrations after oral administration. Comprehensive molecular, cellular and systemic-level assays all support a high level of selectivity. KBU2046 binds chaperone heterocomplexes, selectively alters binding of client proteins that regulate motility, and lacks all the hallmarks of classical chaperone inhibitors, including toxicity. We identify a unique cell motility regulatory mechanism and synthesize a targeted therapeutic, providing a platform to pursue studies in humans. In this study, the authors identify and validate a halogen-substituted isoflavanone able to inhibit prostate cancer cell motility, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. They demonstrate its ability to selectively inhibit activation of client proteins that stimulate cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, 361101, Xiamen, China
| | - Ryan Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rebecca Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Abhinandan Pattanayak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew Binkowski
- Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael Avram
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sankar Krishna
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Eric Voll
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Janet Pavese
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Juan Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - James Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Andrew Mazar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antoinette Nibbs
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wayne Anderson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Borko Jovanovic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sean Pruell
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matias Valsecchi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Giulio Francia
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Rick Betori
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Karl Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Tanjak P, Thiantanawat A, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. Genistein reduces the activation of AKT and EGFR, and the production of IL6 in cholangiocarcinoma cells involving estrogen and estrogen receptors. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:177-188. [PMID: 29693152 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the biliary epithelium associated with Opisthorchis viverrini, primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatitis viral infection. In the global population, men have higher incidence rates for CCA than women; thus, a gender disparity in the progression of chronic inflammation of the biliary duct leading to malignancy may involve the effects of estrogen (E2). Genistein (GE), a prominent phytoestrogen found in soy products, is an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The present study investigated the effects of GE on the growth of CCA cells by cell viability assay. The effects on signaling proteins were detected by western blot analysis and ELISA. Gene expression was examined by RT-qPCR. Two human intrahepatic CCA cell lines, HuCCA‑1 and RMCCA‑1, were utilized. GE (50‑200 µM) reduced the viability of the two cell lines, and also inhibited the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT, as evidenced by decreasing protein levels of phosphorylated (p)-EGFR (Tyr1173) and p‑AKT (Ser473), respectively. GE altered the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling cascade by mediating decreased protein levels of p‑p38 and increased protein levels of p‑ERK1/2. GE significantly decreased the levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) and induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). GE also downregulated the expression of p‑ERα (Ser118) protein and ERα mRNA levels. Finally, GE induced the downregulation of the protein levels of ERβ. Of note, E2 deprivation potentiated the GE-induced reduction of p‑EGFR (Tyr1173) and total AKT proteins and production of IL6, and mediated the downregulation of GE-induced iNOS protein. In conclusion, GE inhibited the growth of human CCA cell lines by reducing the activation of EGFR and AKT, and by attenuating the production of IL6. E2 and ER were also involved in the growth-inhibitory effect of GE in CCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariyada Tanjak
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Apinya Thiantanawat
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Piyajit Watcharasit
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Grande F, Rizzuti B, Occhiuzzi MA, Ioele G, Casacchia T, Gelmini F, Guzzi R, Garofalo A, Statti G. Identification by Molecular Docking ofHomoisoflavones from Leopoldia comosa as Ligands of Estrogen Receptors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040894. [PMID: 29649162 PMCID: PMC6017050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological responses to estrogen hormones are mediated within specific tissues by at least two distinct receptors, ERα and ERβ. Several natural and synthetic molecules show activity by interacting with these proteins. In particular, a number of vegetal compounds known as phytoestrogens shows estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. The majority of these compounds belongs to the isoflavones family and the most representative one, genistein, shows anti-proliferative effects on various hormone-sensitive cancer cells, including breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. In this work we describe the identification of structurally related homoisoflavones isolated from Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. (L. comosa), a perennial bulbous plant, potentially useful as hormonal substitutes or complements in cancer treatments. Two of these compounds have been selected as potential ligands of estrogen receptors (ERs) and the interaction with both isoforms of estrogen receptors have been investigated through molecular docking on their crystallographic structures. The results provide evidence of the binding of these compounds to the target receptors and their interactions with key residues of the active sites of the two proteins, and thus they could represent suitable leads for the development of novel tools for the dissection of ER signaling and the development of new pharmacological treatments in hormone-sensitive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ampl. Polifunzionale, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Maria A Occhiuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ampl. Polifunzionale, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ampl. Polifunzionale, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Teresa Casacchia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ampl. Polifunzionale, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Gelmini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy-ESP, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rita Guzzi
- CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ampl. Polifunzionale, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ampl. Polifunzionale, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Phytoestrogenic Activity of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Is Partially Mediated through Estrogen Receptor Beta. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010074. [PMID: 29286333 PMCID: PMC6017224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant compounds with estrogenic effects found in many foods. We have previously reported phytoestrogen activity of blackcurrant anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and delphinidin-3-rutinoside) via the estrogen receptor (ER)α. In this study, we investigated the participation of ERβ in the phytoestrogen activity of these anthocyanins. Blackcurrant anthocyanin induced ERβ-mediated transcriptional activity, and the IC50 of ERβ was lower than that of ERα, indicating that blackcurrant anthocyanins have a higher binding affinity to ERβ. In silico docking analysis of cyanidin and delphinidin, the core portions of the compound that fits within the ligand-binding pocket of ERβ, showed that similarly to 17β-estradiol, hydrogen bonds formed with the ERβ residues Glu305, Arg346, and His475. No fitting placement of glucoside or rutinoside sugar chains within the ligand-binding pocket of ERβ-estradiol complex was detected. However, as the conformation of helices 3 and 12 in ERβ varies depending on the ligand, we suggest that the surrounding structure, including these helices, adopts a conformation capable of accommodating glucoside or rutinoside. Comparison of ERα and ERβ docking structures revealed that the selectivity for ERβ is higher than that for ERα, similar to genistein. These results show that blackcurrant anthocyanins exert phytoestrogen activity via ERβ.
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Rota SG, Roma A, Dude I, Ma C, Stevens R, MacEachern J, Graczyk J, Espiritu SMG, Rao PN, Minden MD, Kreinin E, Hess DA, Doxey AC, Spagnuolo PA. Estrogen Receptor β Is a Novel Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2618-2626. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Souza PCT, Textor LC, Melo DC, Nascimento AS, Skaf MS, Polikarpov I. An alternative conformation of ERβ bound to estradiol reveals H12 in a stable antagonist position. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3509. [PMID: 28615710 PMCID: PMC5471280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural ligand 17β-estradiol (E2) is so far believed to induce a unique agonist-bound active conformation in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the estrogen receptors (ERs). Both subtypes, ERα and ERβ, are transcriptionally activated in the presence of E2 with ERβ being somewhat less active than ERα under similar conditions. The molecular bases for this intriguing behavior are mainly attributed to subtype differences in the amino-terminal domain of these receptors. However, structural details that confer differences in the molecular response of ER LBDs to E2 still remain elusive. In this study, we present a new crystallographic structure of the ERβ LBD bound to E2 in which H12 assumes an alternative conformation that resembles antagonist ERs structures. Structural observations and molecular dynamics simulations jointly provide evidence that alternative ERβ H12 position could correspond to a stable conformation of the receptor under physiological pH conditions. Our findings shed light on the unexpected role of LBD in the lower functional response of ERβ subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C T Souza
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box, 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa C Textor
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 396, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise C Melo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box, 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Nascimento
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 396, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Munir S Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box, 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 396, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Phytoestrogens and Mycoestrogens Induce Signature Structure Dynamics Changes on Estrogen Receptor α. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090869. [PMID: 27589781 PMCID: PMC5036702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupters include a broad spectrum of chemicals such as industrial chemicals, natural estrogens and androgens, synthetic estrogens and androgens. Phytoestrogens are widely present in diet and food supplements; mycoestrogens are frequently found in grains. As human beings and animals are commonly exposed to phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens in diet and environment, it is important to understand the potential beneficial or hazardous effects of estrogenic compounds. Many bioassays have been established to study the binding of estrogenic compounds with estrogen receptor (ER) and provided rich data in the literature. However, limited assays can offer structure information with regard to the ligand/ER complex. Our current study surveys the global structure dynamics changes for ERα ligand binding domain (LBD) when phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens bind. The assay is based on the structure dynamics information probed by hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and offers a unique viewpoint to elucidate the mechanism how phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens interact with estrogen receptor. The cluster analysis based on the hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) assay data reveals a unique pattern when phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens bind with ERα LBD compared to that of estradiol and synthetic estrogen modulators. Our study highlights that structure dynamics could play an important role in the structure function relationship when endocrine disrupters interact with estrogen receptors.
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Durrant JD, Carlson KE, Martin TA, Offutt TL, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen JA, Amaro RE. Neural-Network Scoring Functions Identify Structurally Novel Estrogen-Receptor Ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:1953-61. [PMID: 26286148 PMCID: PMC4780411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of the investment required to bring a drug to the market hinders medical progress, requiring hundreds of millions of dollars and years of research and development. Any innovation that improves the efficiency of the drug-discovery process has the potential to accelerate the delivery of new treatments to countless patients in need. "Virtual screening," wherein molecules are first tested in silico in order to prioritize compounds for subsequent experimental testing, is one such innovation. Although the traditional scoring functions used in virtual screens have proven useful, improved accuracy requires novel approaches. In the current work, we use the estrogen receptor to demonstrate that neural networks are adept at identifying structurally novel small molecules that bind to a selected drug target, ultimately allowing experimentalists to test fewer compounds in the earliest stages of lead identification while obtaining higher hit rates. We describe 39 novel estrogen-receptor ligands identified in silico with experimentally determined Ki values ranging from 460 nM to 20 μM, presented here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Durrant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Kathryn E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | - Teresa A. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | - Tavina L. Offutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | | | - Rommie E. Amaro
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
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50
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Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Delfosse V, Thouennon E, Bourguet W, Balaguer P. Reporter cell lines to evaluate the selectivity of chemicals for human and zebrafish estrogen and peroxysome proliferator activated γ receptors. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:212. [PMID: 26106289 PMCID: PMC4460427 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is increasingly used as an animal model to study the effects of environmental nuclear receptors (NRs) ligands. As most of these compounds have only been tested on human NRs, it is necessary to measure their effects on zebrafish NRs. Estrogen receptors (ER) α and β and peroxysome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ are main targets of environmental disrupting compounds (EDCs). In humans there are two distinct nuclear ERs (hERα and hERβ), whereas the zebrafish genome encodes three ERs, zfERα, zfERβ1, and zfERβ2. Only one isoform of PPARγ is expressed in both humans and zebrafish. In this review, we described reporter cell lines that we established to study the interaction of EDCs with human and zebrafish ERs and PPARγ. Using these cell lines, we observed that zfERs are thermo-sensitive while zfPPARγ is not. We also showed significant differences in the ability of environmental and synthetic ligands to modulate activation of zfERs and zfPPARγ in comparison to hERs and hPPARγ. Some environmental estrogens (bisphenol A, mycoestrogens) which are hER panagonists displayed greater potency for zfERα as compared to zfERβs. hERβ selective agonists (8βVE2, DPN, phytoestrogens) also displayed zfERα selectivity. Among hERα selective synthetic agonists, 16α-LE2 was the most zfERα selective compound. Almost all zfPPARγ environmental ligands (halogenated bisphenol A derivatives, phthalates, perfluorinated compounds) displayed similar affinity for human and zebrafish PPARγ while pharmaceutical hPPARγ agonists like thiazolidones are not recognized by zfPPARγ. Altogether, our studies show that all hERs and hPPARγ ligands do not control in a similar manner the transcriptional activity of zfERs and zfPPARγ and point out that care has to be taken in transposing the results obtained using the zebrafish as a model for human physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1194Montpellier, France
- Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut Reìgional du Cancer de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1194Montpellier, France
- Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut Reìgional du Cancer de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Delfosse
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054Montpellier, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Erwan Thouennon
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1194Montpellier, France
- Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut Reìgional du Cancer de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054Montpellier, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1194Montpellier, France
- Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut Reìgional du Cancer de MontpellierMontpellier, France
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