1
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Villadsen AB, Holm-Jacobsen JN, Prabhala BK, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Huntjens P, Kornum JB, Glavind K, Leutscher PDC, Christensen LP, Jeppesen PB, Sørensen S, Arenholt LTS. Use of Fermented Red Clover Isoflavones in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4165. [PMID: 37836449 PMCID: PMC10574253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at risk of developing an overactive bladder (OAB). Conventional vaginal estrogen has shown promise for symptom relief. Isoflavones have proven effective as an alternative to estrogen treatment against menopause-related symptoms. However, its effect on OAB symptoms has not been studied. This study investigates if fermented red clover isoflavones reduce OAB symptoms in postmenopausal women. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, women were administered red clover extract (RCE) or a placebo twice daily for three months. Women filled out the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB) and Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF), together with a fluid intake and voiding diary. A total of 33 women (16 in the RCE group and 17 in the placebo group) were included in the analysis. Baseline demographics and OAB characteristics were comparable across groups. Intake of RCE did not lead to significant relief in most urinary bladder symptom measures, although a significant reduction in the bother of urinary urgency (p = 0.033) and a tendency towards a decreased ICIQ-OAB score were observed (p = 0.056). In contrast, the placebo exhibited a significant decrease in the ICIQ-OAB score (p = 0.021) and in some diary outcomes. We found that an intake of isoflavones did not relieve OAB symptoms in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie B. Villadsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julie N. Holm-Jacobsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Bala K. Prabhala
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.K.P.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pam Huntjens
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Jette B. Kornum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Karin Glavind
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Peter D. C. Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.K.P.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Per B. Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise T. S. Arenholt
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark; (A.B.V.); (J.N.H.-J.); (C.B.-N.); (P.H.); (P.D.C.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark
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2
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Sajid S, Nielsen MMK, Khalil R, Hansen PR, Franzyk H, Jørgensen MG, Christensen LP, Mirza O, Prabhala BK. Substrate space analysis of the bacterial proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter YdgR by cheminformatics. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023:7193806. [PMID: 37300868 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporters (POTs) are recognized for their substrate promiscuity due to their ability to transport a wide range of substrates. POTs are conserved in all forms of life ranging from bacteria to humans. A dipeptide-fluorophore conjugate, H-(β-Ala)-Lys(AMCA)-OH, is a well-known substrate of the transporter YdgR that is commonly used as a fluorescent reporter. In order to understand the substrate space of YdgR, we used this dipeptide as a bait reference, when screening an ensemble of compounds (previously tested in PEPT/PTR/NPF space) via a cheminformatic analysis based on the Tanimoto similarity index. Eight compounds (sinalbin, abscisic acid, carnosine, jasmonic acid, N-acetyl-aspartate, N-acetyl-lysine, aspartame, and N-acetyl-aspartylglutamate), covering a wide range on the Tanimoto scale, were tested for YdgR-mediated transport. Carnosine was the only compound observed to be a YdgR substrate based on cell-based transport assays and molecular docking. The other compounds tested were neither inhibitors nor substrates. Thus, we found that neither the Tanimoto similarity index nor ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties appear useful for the identification of substrates (e.g., dipeptides) in YdgR-mediated drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvia Sajid
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Marcus M K Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Ruqaiya Khalil
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Paul R Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Girke Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Bala Krishna Prabhala
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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3
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Wilkinson IVL, Castro-Falcón G, Roda-Serrat MC, Purdy TN, Straetener J, Brauny MM, Maier L, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Christensen LP, Sieber SA, Hughes CC. The Cyanobacterial "Nutraceutical" Phycocyanobilin Inhibits Cysteine Protease Legumain. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200455. [PMID: 36538283 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The blue biliprotein phycocyanin, produced by photo-autotrophic cyanobacteria including spirulina (Arthrospira) and marketed as a natural food supplement or "nutraceutical," is reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activity. These diverse biological activities have been specifically attributed to the phycocyanin chromophore, phycocyanobilin (PCB). However, the mechanism of action of PCB and the molecular targets responsible for the beneficial properties of PCB are not well understood. We have developed a procedure to rapidly cleave the PCB pigment from phycocyanin by ethanolysis and then characterized it as an electrophilic natural product that interacts covalently with thiol nucleophiles but lacks any appreciable cytotoxicity or antibacterial activity against common pathogens and gut microbes. We then designed alkyne-bearing PCB probes for use in chemical proteomics target deconvolution studies. Target identification and validation revealed the cysteine protease legumain (also known as asparaginyl endopeptidase, AEP) to be a target of PCB. Inhibition of this target may account for PCB's diverse reported biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel V L Wilkinson
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Gabriel Castro-Falcón
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria C Roda-Serrat
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trevor N Purdy
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jan Straetener
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie M Brauny
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Microbiome-Host-Interaction Lab, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Maier
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Microbiome-Host-Interaction Lab, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Chambers C Hughes
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Paulsen E, Andersen KE, Christensen LP. Occupational contact dermatitis from Senecio barbertonicus "Himalaya". Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:197-198. [PMID: 35396861 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evy Paulsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C
| | - Klaus E Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M
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5
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Thomsen MO, Christensen LP, Grevsen K. Harvest Strategies for Optimization of the Content of Bioactive Alkamides and Caffeic Acid Derivatives in Aerial Parts and in Roots of Echinacea purpurea. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11630-11639. [PMID: 30350973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerial parts and roots of Echinacea purpurea were harvested consecutively in order to find the best strategy for harvest of both types of plant material for an optimal content of bioactive alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives. Four caffeic acid derivatives and 15 alkamides were identified and quantified. The aerial parts were harvested in bud, bloom, and wilting stage and the roots were harvested 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after each harvest of aerial parts. The highest yield per area of both alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives is achieved when the aerial parts are harvested late (wilting stage). To obtain an optimal content of alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives it is not recommendable to harvest the aerial parts and the roots in the same year. If the aerial parts must be harvested, the roots should be harvested 1 week after because this will result in the most optimal concentration of bioactive compounds in both products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O Thomsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , DK-5792 Aarslev , Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science , Aalborg University , Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H , DK-9220 Aalborg Ø , Denmark
| | - Kai Grevsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , DK-5792 Aarslev , Denmark
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6
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Silva CA, El-Houri RB, Christensen LP, Andersen F. Contact allergy caused by methylisothiazolinone in shoe glue. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 77:175-176. [PMID: 28766796 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A Silva
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Rime B El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Dermatological Investigations Scandinavia, Institute of Clinical Research and Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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7
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Paulsen E, El-Houri RB, Andersen KE, Christensen LP. Parthenolide in Danish biodynamic and organic milk: A new source of exposure to an allergenic sesquiterpene lactone. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:208-212. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evy Paulsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - Rime B. El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - Klaus E. Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Aalborg University; Aalborg Ø Denmark
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8
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Kobaek-Larsen M, El-Houri RB, Christensen LP, Al-Najami I, Fretté X, Baatrup G. Dietary polyacetylenes, falcarinol and falcarindiol, isolated from carrots prevents the formation of neoplastic lesions in the colon of azoxymethane-induced rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:964-974. [PMID: 28197615 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH) are found in many food plants of the Apiaceae family. Carrots are a major dietary source of these polyacetylenes. Feeding azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rats with carrots and purified FaOH have previously been shown to inhibit neoplastic transformations in the colon. FaOH and FaDOH have also shown to have a synergistic effect in vitro, resulting in a significant increased cytotoxic activity. Based on these findings the antineoplastic effect of FaOH and FaDOH (purity > 99%) was investigated in the AOM-induced rat model. Twenty rats received rat diet containing 7 μg FaOH per g feed and 7 μg FaDOH per g feed and 20 rats were controls receiving only rat diet. Then carcinogenesis was induced in all 40 rats with the carcinogen AOM. All animals received the designated diet for 2 weeks before AOM induction and continued on the designated diet throughout the experiment. Rats were euthanized 18 weeks after the first AOM injection and macroscopic polyp/cancers were measured, harvested and stained for histology. The difference in sizes of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were analysed in a Wilcoxon rank sum test, in which the median number of small ACF was 218 in controls and 145 in polyacetylene treated rats (P < 0.001). Fifteen control rats and 8 treated rats had macroscopic tumors (P = 0.027). The number of tumors larger than 3 mm were 6 and 1 in control and treated rats, respectively (P = 0.032). In conclusion dietary supplements with FaOH and FaDOH reduced the number of neoplastic lesions as well as the growth rate of the polyps suggesting a preventive effect of FaOH and FaDOH on the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Kobaek-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark and Department of Surgery A, Odense University Hospital, Valdemarsgade 53, DK-5700 Svendborg, Denmark.
| | - Rime B El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Issam Al-Najami
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark and Department of Surgery A, Odense University Hospital, Valdemarsgade 53, DK-5700 Svendborg, Denmark.
| | - Xavier Fretté
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Baatrup
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark and Department of Surgery A, Odense University Hospital, Valdemarsgade 53, DK-5700 Svendborg, Denmark.
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9
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Madsen JT, Andersen KE, Nielsen DT, Hvid L, El-Houri RB, Christensen LP. Undisclosed presence of methylisothiazolinone in '100% natural' Konjac® sponge. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 75:308-309. [PMID: 27709705 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob T Madsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Klaus E Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dorte T Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lone Hvid
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Rime B El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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10
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El-Houri RB, Christensen LP, Persson C, Bruze M, Andersen KE. Methylisothiazolinone in a designer spectacle frame - a surprising finding. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 75:310-312. [PMID: 27709706 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rime B El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christina Persson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 05, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 05, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klaus E Andersen
- Centre for Innovative Medical Technology and Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
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11
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Paulsen E, Hyldgaard MG, Andersen KE, Andersen F, Christensen LP. Allergenic sesquiterpene lactones from cushion bush (Leucophyta brownii Cass.): new and old sensitizers in a shrub-turned-a-pot plant. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 76:280-286. [PMID: 28194806 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian cushion bush (Leucophyta brownii) of the Compositae family of plants has become a popular pot and container plant. The plant produces the sesquiterpene lactone allergen calocephalin. OBJECTIVES To assess the sensitizing potential of sesquiterpene lactones from cushion bush. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS Eleven Compositae-sensitive patients were patch tested with seven sesquiterpene lactones isolated from cushion bush. RESULTS Six of seven sesquiterpene lactones elicited positive reactions in 4 of 11 patients. CONCLUSIONS The well-known sesquiterpene lactone pseudoivalin and its derivative pseudoivalin acetate, as well as calocephalin and tomentosin, were confirmed to be sensitizers, whereas leucophytalin A and 4α-hydroxy-5αH,10αH-1,11(13)-guaidien-8β,12-olide were shown to be allergenic for the first time. The patch test reaction patterns seem to follow the chemical patterns, which may eventually make it possible to trace primary sensitizers and advise patients more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Paulsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mette G Hyldgaard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.,Hygade ApS, 5610 Assens, Denmark
| | - Klaus E Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Institute for Clinical Research and Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Dermatological Investigations Scandinavia, Institute of Clinical Research and Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Dermatological Investigations Scandinavia, Institute of Clinical Research and Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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12
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Bach RO, Thormann H, Christensen LP. Occupational periorbital allergic contact dermatitis caused by antioxidants in black rubber in an otorhinolaryngologist using an otomicroscope. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:117-9. [PMID: 26763990 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus O Bach
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Thormann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Nøhr MK, Dudele A, Poulsen MM, Ebbesen LH, Radko Y, Christensen LP, Jessen N, Richelsen B, Lund S, Pedersen SB. LPS-Enhanced Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Is Normalized by Resveratrol. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146840. [PMID: 26751381 PMCID: PMC4709071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low-grade inflammation is seen with obesity and is suggested to be a mediator of insulin resistance. The eliciting factor of low-grade inflammation is unknown but increased permeability of gut bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) resulting in endotoxemia could be a candidate. Here we test the effect of LPS and the anti-inflammatory compound resveratrol on glucose homeostasis, insulin levels and inflammation. Mice were subcutaneously implanted with osmotic mini pumps infusing either low-dose LPS or saline for 28 days. Half of the mice were treated with resveratrol delivered through the diet. LPS caused increased inflammation of the liver and adipose tissue (epididymal and subcutaneous) together with enlarged spleens and increased number of leukocytes in the blood. Resveratrol specifically reduced the inflammatory status in epididymal fat (reduced expression of TNFa and Il1b, whereas the increased macrophage infiltration was unaltered) without affecting the other tissues investigated. By LC-MS, we were able to quantitate resveratrol metabolites in epididymal but not subcutaneous adipose tissue. LPS induced insulin resistance as the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test was increased despite similar plasma glucose level resulting in an increase in the insulinogenic index (IGI; delta0-15insulin/delta0-15glucose) from 13.73 to 22.40 pmol/mmol (P < 0.001). This aberration in insulin and glucose homeostasis was normalized by resveratrol. IN CONCLUSION Low-dose LPS enhanced the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without affecting the blood glucose suggesting increased insulin resistance. Resveratrol restored LPS-induced alteration of the insulin secretion and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects specifically in epididymal adipose tissue possibly due to preferential accumulation of resveratrol metabolites pointing towards a possible important involvement of this tissue for the effects on insulin resistance and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K. Nøhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Anete Dudele
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten M. Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene H. Ebbesen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yulia Radko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sten Lund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen B. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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El-Houri RB, Mortier J, Murgueitio MS, Wolber G, Christensen LP. Identification of PPARγ Agonists from Natural Sources Using Different In Silico Approaches. Planta Med 2015; 81:488-494. [PMID: 25251562 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ plays an important role in lipid and glucose homeostasis and is the target of many drug discovery investigations because of its role in diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ by agonists leads to a conformational change in the ligand-binding domain altering the transcription of several target genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, resulting in, for example, facilitation of glucose and lipid uptake and amelioration of insulin resistance, and other effects that are important in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ partial agonists are compounds with diminished agonist efficacy compared to full agonists; however, they maintain the antidiabetic effect of full agonists but do not induce the same magnitude of side effects. This mini-review gives a short introduction to in silico screening methods and recent research advances using computational approaches to identify peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists, especially partial agonists, from natural sources and how these ligands bind to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in order to better understand their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rime B El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jérémie Mortier
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela S Murgueitio
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Paulsen E, El-Houri RB, Andersen KE, Christensen LP. Sunflower seeds as eliciting agents of Compositae dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 72:172-7. [PMID: 25581855 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunflowers may cause dermatitis because of allergenic sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). Contact sensitization to sunflower seeds has also been reported, but the allergens are unknown. OBJECTIVES To analyse sunflower seeds for the presence of SLs and to assess the prevalence of sunflower sensitization in Compositae-allergic individuals. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS Sunflower-sensitive patients were identified by aimed patch testing. A dichloromethane extract of whole sunflower seeds was analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The prevalence of sensitivity to sunflower in Compositae-allergic individuals was 56%. A solvent wash of whole sunflower seeds yielded an extract containing SLs, the principal component tentatively being identified as argophyllin A or B, other SLs being present in minute amounts. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of SLs on the sunflower seeds is considered high enough to elicit dermatitis in sensitive persons, and it seems appropriate to warn Compositae-allergic subjects against handling sunflower seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Paulsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
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El-Houri RB, Kotowska D, Christensen KB, Bhattacharya S, Oksbjerg N, Wolber G, Kristiansen K, Christensen LP. Polyacetylenes from carrots (Daucus carota) improve glucose uptake in vitro in adipocytes and myotubes. Food Funct 2015; 6:2135-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Falcarinol and falcarindiol isolated from a carrot extract stimulate glucose uptake in adipocytes and myotubes, and may represent scaffolds for novel partial PPARγ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rime B. El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Biotechnology and Environmental Technology
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Dorota Kotowska
- Department of Biology
- University of Copenhagen
- 2200 Copenhagen N
- Denmark
| | - Kathrine B. Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Biotechnology and Environmental Technology
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | | | - Niels Oksbjerg
- Department of Food Science
- Aarhus University
- 8830 Tjele
- Denmark
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Computer-Aided Drug Design
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
| | | | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Biotechnology and Environmental Technology
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense M
- Denmark
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Kotowska D, El-Houri RB, Borkowski K, Petersen RK, Fretté XC, Wolber G, Grevsen K, Christensen KB, Christensen LP, Kristiansen K. Isomeric C12-alkamides from the roots of Echinacea purpurea improve basal and insulin-dependent glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Planta Med 2014; 80:1712-1720. [PMID: 25371981 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea has been used in traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract infections and the common cold. Recent investigations have indicated that E. purpurea also has an effect on insulin resistance. A dichloromethane extract of E. purpurea roots was found to enhance glucose uptake in adipocytes and to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. The purpose of the present study was to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for the potential antidiabetic effect of the dichloromethane extract using a bioassay-guided fractionation approach. Basal and insulin-dependent glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to assess the bioactivity of extract, fractions and isolated metabolites. A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ transactivation assay was used to determine the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activating properties of the extract, active fractions and isolated metabolites. Two novel isomeric dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid 2-methylbutylamides together with two known C12-alkamides and α-linolenic acid were isolated from the active fractions. The isomeric C12-alkamides were found to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, to increase basal and insulin-dependent glucose uptake in adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and to exhibit characteristics of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ partial agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kotowska
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rime B El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus K Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xavier C Fretté
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Grevsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Kathrine B Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Blanes-Vidal V, Bælum J, Nadimi ES, Løfstrøm P, Christensen LP. Chronic exposure to odorous chemicals in residential areas and effects on human psychosocial health: dose-response relationships. Sci Total Environ 2014; 490:545-554. [PMID: 24880544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Perceived air pollution, including environmental odor pollution, is known to be an environmental stressor that affects individuals' psychosocial health and well-being. However, very few studies have been able to quantify exposure-response associations based on individual-specific residential exposures to a proxy gas and to examine the mechanisms underlying these associations. In this study, individual-specific exposures in non-urban residential environments during 2005-2010 on a gas released from animal biodegradable wastes (ammonia, NH3) were calculated by the Danish Eulerian long-range transport model and the local-scale transport deposition model. We used binomial and multinomial logistic regression and mediation analyses to examine the associations between average exposures and questionnaire-based data on psychosocial responses, after controlling for person-specific covariates. About 45% of the respondents were annoyed by residential odor pollution. Exposures were associated with annoyance (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]=3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.33-5.39), health risk perception (ORadj=4.94; 95% CI=1.95-12.5) and behavioral interference (ORadj=3.28; 95% CI=1.77-6.11), for each unit increase in loge(NH3 exposure). Annoyance was a strong mediator in exposure-behavior interference and exposure-health risk perception relationships (81% and 44% mediation, respectively). Health risk perception did not play a mediating role in exposure-annoyance or exposure-behavioral interference relationships. This is the first study to provide a quantitative estimation of the dose-response associations between ambient NH3 exposures and psychosocial effects caused by odor pollution in non-urban residential outdoor environments. It further shows that these effects are both direct and mediated by other psychosocial responses. The results support the use of NH3 as a proxy gas of air pollution from animal biodegradable wastes in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Alle, 1, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Bælum
- Institute of Public Health, Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9A, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Esmaeil S Nadimi
- Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Per Løfstrøm
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Alle, 1, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Liu G, Hansen TB, Qu H, Yang M, Pajander JP, Rantanen J, Christensen LP. Crystallization of Piroxicam Solid Forms and the Effects of Additives. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Blanes-Vidal V, Bælum J, Schwartz J, Løfstrøm P, Christensen LP. Respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms among residents exposed to low-to-moderate air pollution from biodegradable wastes. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; 24:388-397. [PMID: 24736101 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported increased occurrence of respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms among residents living close to biodegradable waste sites. However, few studies have been able to quantify direct and annoyance-mediated effects based on individual-specific assessments of chemical exposures. We examined associations between residential exposures to a proxy gas (ammonia, NH3) from biodegradable wastes (mainly from farming, animal and agricultural activities) and odor annoyance and six respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms (self-reported), using adjusted logistic regression models and mediation analyses. Individual-specific NH3 exposures (n=454) in residential environments during 2005-2010 were calculated by the Danish Eulerian long-range transport model and the local-scale transport deposition model. Residential NH3 exposure was associated with increased frequency of four symptoms, including "eyes itching, dryness or irritation" and "cough" (ORadj=1.69; 95% CI: 1.09-2.61 and ORadj=1.75; 95% CI: 1.12-2.74, for each unit increase in loge(NH3 exposure)). Odor annoyance mediated the effect of exposure on cough and three sensory irritation symptoms. Mediation was either full (indirect-only effects) or partial (direct and indirect effects). This study provides support for the existence of indirect associations between residential exposures to low-to-moderate air pollution from wastes and symptoms, as well as direct dose-response associations for some of the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bælum
- Institute of Public Health, Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Per Løfstrøm
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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21
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Malwade CR, Qu H, Rong BG, Christensen LP. Chemometrics for Analytical Data Mining in Separation Process Design for Recovery of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie404233z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakant R. Malwade
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Haiyan Qu
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ben-Guang Rong
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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22
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Brader L, Overgaard A, Christensen LP, Jeppesen PB, Hermansen K. Polyphenol-rich bilberry ameliorates total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol when implemented in the diet of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Rev Diabet Stud 2014; 10:270-82. [PMID: 24841880 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2013.10.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilberries and blackcurrants are nutrient sources rich in bioactive components, including dietary fibers, polyphenols, and anthocyanins, which possess potent cardiovascular protective properties. Few studies investigating the cardio-protective effects of natural components have focused on whole bilberries or blackcurrants. OBJECTIVE The aim of this trial was to investigate whether a diet enriched with bilberries or blackcurrants has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, lipid profile, blood pressure, and expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS Male Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats (n = 48) were randomly assigned to either a control, bilberry-enriched, blackcurrant-enriched, or fiber-enriched diet for 8 weeks ad libitum. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis was performed on liver, adipose, and muscle tissue. Berry polyphenol content was determined by HPLC and LC-MS analysis. RESULTS Bilberry enrichment reduced total (-21%, p = 0.0132) and LDL-cholesterol (-60%, p = 0.0229) levels, but increased HDL-cholesterol to a lesser extent than in controls. This may partly be due to the altered hepatic liver X receptor-α expression (-24%, p < 0.001). Neither bilberries nor blackcurrants influenced glucose metabolism or blood pressure. Nevertheless, transcriptional analysis implied a better conservation of hepatic and adipocyte insulin sensitivity by bilberry enrichment. Anthocyanins constituted 91% and 87% of total polyphenol content in bilberries and blackcurrants, respectively. However, total anthocyanin content (3441 mg/100 g) was 4-fold higher in bilberries than in blackcurrants (871 mg/100 g). CONCLUSIONS Bilberry consumption ameliorated total and LDL-cholesterol levels, but not HDL-cholesterol levels in ZDF rats. Neither bilberry nor blackcurrant enrichment delayed the development of diabetes or hypertension. Thus, in rats, bilberries may be valuable as a dietary preventive agent against hypercholesterolemia, probably by virtue of their high anthocyanin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ann Overgaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per B Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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23
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Bhattacharya S, Christensen KB, Olsen LCB, Christensen LP, Grevsen K, Færgeman NJ, Kristiansen K, Young JF, Oksbjerg N. Bioactive components from flowers of Sambucus nigra L. increase glucose uptake in primary porcine myotube cultures and reduce fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:11033-11040. [PMID: 24156563 DOI: 10.1021/jf402838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles are major features of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we examined the potential of Sambucus nigra flower (elderflowers) extracts to stimulate glucose uptake (GU) in primary porcine myotubes and reduce fat accumulation (FAc) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioassay guided chromatographic fractionations of extracts and fractions resulted in the identification of naringenin and 5-O- caffeoylquinic acid exhibiting a significant increase in GU. In addition, phenolic compounds related to those found in elderflowers were also tested, and among these, kaempferol, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid increased GU significantly. FAc was significantly reduced in C. elegans, when treated with elderflower extracts, their fractions and the metabolites naringenin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-5″-acetylglycoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and the related phenolic compounds kaempferol and ferulic acid. The study indicates that elderflower extracts contain bioactive compounds capable of modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, suitable for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangala Bhattacharya
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blicher's Allé 20, Postbox 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Andersen KE, Vestergaard ME, Christensen LP. Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) - a new contact allergen identified in a spectacle frame. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 70:112-6. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus E. Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark; Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Malene E. Vestergaard
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark; Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology; University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55; DK-5230 Odense M Denmark
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25
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Paulsen E, Petersen TH, Fretté XC, Andersen KE, Christensen LP. Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by Apiaceae root vegetables. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 70:98-103. [PMID: 24102077 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evy Paulsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark; DK-5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Thomas H. Petersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark; DK-5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Xavier C. Fretté
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology; University of Southern Denmark; DK-5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Klaus E. Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark; DK-5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology; University of Southern Denmark; DK-5230 Odense M Denmark
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Radko Y, Christensen KB, Christensen LP. Semi-preparative isolation of dihydroresveratrol-3-O-β-d-glucuronide and four resveratrol conjugates from human urine after oral intake of a resveratrol-containing dietary supplement. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 930:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Paulsen E, Christensen LP, Hindsén M, Andersen KE. Contact sensitization to calocephalin, a sesquiterpene lactone of the guaianolide type from cushion bush (Leucophyta brownii, Compositae). Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:303-10. [PMID: 23808909 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cushion bush [Leucophyta brownii Cass. = Calocephalus brownii (Cass.) F. Muell.] is an Australian Compositae shrub that has been introduced into Scandinavia as a pot plant. The first case of sensitization occurred in a gardener, and the main allergen was identified as the guaianolide calocephalin. OBJECTIVE To present the identification of the main allergen, and to assess the prevalence of sensitization to calocephalin in Compositae-allergic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calocephalin was isolated from a dichloromethane extract of aerial parts of cushion bush. Calocephalin 0.1% ethanol was included in the plant series in Malmö, Sweden, and Odense, Denmark. RESULTS Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of calocephalin resulted in a revision of its chemical structure to 4α-acetoxy-1α,2α-epoxy-5α,10αH-guai-11(13)-en-12,8β-olide. The prevalence of patch test positivity was up to 28% in aimed patch testing. Despite strongly positive patch test reactions, the relevance was unknown in the majority of cases, and only 1 person was occupationally sensitized. CONCLUSION Calocephalin is a potent contact allergen, but, as cushion bush is a low-maintenance pot plant, primary sensitization is most likely to occur through occupational exposure. Positive reactions in Compositae-sensitive persons probably occur because of cross-reactivity, and patients should be warned about contact with cushion bush plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Paulsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
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Poulsen MM, Vestergaard PF, Clasen BF, Radko Y, Christensen LP, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Møller N, Jessen N, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL. High-dose resveratrol supplementation in obese men: an investigator-initiated, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of substrate metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and body composition. Diabetes 2013; 62. [PMID: 23193181 PMCID: PMC3609591 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia constitute risk factors for morbidity and premature mortality. Based on animal and in vitro studies, resveratrol reverts these risk factors via stimulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), but data in human subjects are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of high-dose resveratrol in obese human subjects. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group design, 24 obese but otherwise healthy men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of resveratrol or placebo treatment. Extensive metabolic examinations including assessment of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) were performed before and after the treatment. Insulin sensitivity, the primary outcome measure, deteriorated insignificantly in both groups. Endogenous glucose production and the turnover and oxidation rates of glucose remained unchanged. Resveratrol supplementation also had no effect on blood pressure; resting energy expenditure; oxidation rates of lipid; ectopic or visceral fat content; or inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. The lack of effect disagrees with persuasive data obtained from rodent models and raises doubt about the justification of resveratrol as a human nutritional supplement in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten M Poulsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Malwade CR, Qu H, Rong BG, Christensen LP. Conceptual Process Synthesis for Recovery of Natural Products from Plants: A Case Study of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302495w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakant R. Malwade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University
of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, DK-5230, Odense M,
Denmark
| | - Haiyan Qu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University
of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, DK-5230, Odense M,
Denmark
| | - Ben-Guang Rong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University
of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, DK-5230, Odense M,
Denmark
| | - Lars P. Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University
of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, DK-5230, Odense M,
Denmark
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Abstract
As part of our ongoing collaborative effort to discover potential anti-HIV-1 agents from plants, the CH2Cl2 extract of Calocephalus brownii F. Muell. was phytochemically investigated, which resulted in the isolation of two sesquiterpene lactones of the cis-fused guaianolides type, one new identified as 1α-hydroxy-3βH-3α,4α-epoxy-4,10-dimethyl-5αH,7αH,8βH,10αH-guai-11(13)-ene-7,8-olide (1) and one known identified 1αH-4α-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-5αH,7αH,8βH,10αH-guai-11(13)-ene-7,8-olide (2). Their structures were elucidated on the bases of IR, UV, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, DIFNOE and high-resolution ESI-TOF-MS. The anti-HIV-1 activity was evaluated and revealed that STLs (1 and 2) caused a reduction for the viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells by CC50 = 29.1 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively, and caused 50% protection of MT-4 cells against HIV-1 induced cytopathogeneticy by EC50 = 29.1 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively, as compared with Efavirenz (EFV) as positive control that showed a CC50 = 11.6 and EC50 = 0.0006 μg/mL, using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy M D Mohammed
- a Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DIAS), Department of Food Science, Research Center Aarslev , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792, Aarslev , Denmark
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Thomsen MO, Fretté XC, Christensen KB, Christensen LP, Grevsen K. Seasonal variations in the concentrations of lipophilic compounds and phenolic acids in the roots of Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea pallida. J Agric Food Chem 2012. [PMID: 23181941 DOI: 10.1021/jf303292t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Roots of Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea pallida cultivated for 4 years in a North European climate were analyzed for seasonal variations in the concentrations of lipophilic constituents (alkamides, ketoalkenes, and ketoalkynes) and phenolic acids by harvesting five times during 1 year to establish the optimal time for harvest. A total of 16 alkamides, three ketoalkenes, two ketoalkynes, and four phenolic acids (echinacoside, cichoric acid, caftaric acid, and chlorogenic acid) were identified in aqueous ethanolic (70%) extracts by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The major alkamides in the roots of E. purpurea were at their lowest concentration in the middle of autumn and early winter, and the total concentration of lipophilic compounds in E. pallida showed the same pattern. Moreover, all of the major phenolic acids in E. purpurea were at their highest concentrations in spring. The optimal harvest time in spring is in contrast to normal growing guidelines; hence, this specific information of seasonal variations in the concentrations of lipophilic and phenolic compounds in E. purpurea and E. pallida is valuable for research, farmers, and producers of medicinal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O Thomsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark.
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Schrader E, Wein S, Kristiansen K, Christensen LP, Rimbach G, Wolffram S. Plant extracts of winter savory, purple coneflower, buckwheat and black elder activate PPAR-γ in COS-1 cells but do not lower blood glucose in Db/db mice in vivo. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2012; 67:377-383. [PMID: 23135898 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate possible blood glucose-lowering effects of plant extracts in vivo for which prior to this a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activity in vitro was observed. The ability of extracts of winter savory, purple coneflower, buckwheat and black elder to dose-dependently activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ was determined in a reporter gene assay in COS-1 cells. For evaluation of glucose-lowering effects in vivo, db/db mice were fed a diet containing either rosiglitazone (0.02 g/kg diet, positive control) or one of the plant extracts (0.1 and 1 g/kg diet) for four weeks. Apart from glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol and adiponectin were determined in plasma. All plant extracts showed a dose-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-activating effect in vitro. In db/db mice none of the plant extracts exerted glucose-lowering effects at the used dosages compared to rosiglitazone. Non-esterified fatty acids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, insulin and adiponectin in plasma were not altered by the plant extracts as well. Although dose-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activity could be shown in COS-1 cells, the experiments in db/db mice lacked to confirm any anti-diabetic effect of the plant extracts in vivo and emphasizes the importance of verifying cell culture data using an appropriate in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schrader
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Yin H, Kjaer A, Fretté XC, Du Y, Christensen LP, Jensen M, Grevsen K. Chitosan oligosaccharide and salicylic acid up-regulate gene expression differently in relation to the biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thøfner ICN, Liebhart D, Hess M, Schou TW, Hess C, Ivarsen E, Fretté XC, Christensen LP, Grevsen K, Engberg RM, Christensen JP. Antihistomonal effects of artemisinin and Artemisia annua extracts in vitro could not be confirmed by in vivo experiments in turkeys and chickens. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:487-96. [PMID: 22978517 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.714459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Five different Artemisia annua-derived materials (i.e. dry leaves, pure artemisinin, and hexane, dichloromethane or methanol extracts of leaves) were screened for their in vitro activities against six clonal cultures of Histomonas meleagridis. Except for the methanol extract, all tested materials displayed in vitro activity against all tested protozoal clones. Neither the dry plant material, extracts nor artemisinin showed any antibacterial activity against the xenic bacteria accompanying the six H. meleagridis clones at concentration levels identical to the antihistomonal setting. The dichloromethane extract of dry leaves (Ext-DCM) (minimal lethal concentration=1.0 mg/ml) and artemisinin (half-maximal inhibitory concentration=1.295 mg/ml) had the most promising antihistomonal properties and were therefore subsequently tested in a standardized experimental infection model in both turkeys and chickens infected with clonal H. meleagridis. There were no differences between treatment groups, where all infected turkeys showed severe clinical histomonosis and demonstrated severe typhlohepatitis typical for histomonosis. Consistent with the infection model used, the infected chickens did not show any adverse clinical signs but contracted severe lesions in their caeca 7 and 10 days post infection (d.p.i.), liver lesions were absent to mild after 7 d.p.i. and progressed to severe lesions at 10 d.p.i.; thus no differences between treatment groups were observed. In conclusion, neither artemisinin nor Ext-DCM was able to prevent experimental histomonosis in turkeys and chickens at the given concentrations, which is contrary to the antihistomonal effect noticed in vitro even though the same clonal culture was used. The results of this study therefore clearly demonstrate the importance of defined in vivo experimentation in order to assess and verify in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C N Thøfner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Yin H, Fretté XC, Christensen LP, Grevsen K. Chitosan oligosaccharides promote the content of polyphenols in Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum). J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:136-143. [PMID: 22126122 DOI: 10.1021/jf204376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Greek oregano is commonly used as a spice and in traditional medicine in Eurasia. The plant is rich in secondary metabolites, such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) and polyphenols. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are used as a plant elicitor. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of COS on the growth and content of secondary metabolites in Greek oregano. Four COS treatments (50, 200, 500, and 1000 ppm) were used in a field experiment. The 200 and 500 ppm COS treatments promoted plant height growth, whereas 50 and 200 ppm COS upregulated the content of polyphenols significantly (38 and 29%, respectively). The COS treatments induced H(2)O(2) generation in Greek oregano leaves; thus, the effect of H(2)O(2) treatment was studied to investigate the possible role of H(2)O(2) in growth and polyphenol production. A low concentration of H(2)O(2) also promoted plant height growth, but only tendencies to higher polyphenol content were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yin
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, Aarslev DK-5792, Denmark
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Christensen KB, Minet A, Svenstrup H, Grevsen K, Zhang H, Schrader E, Rimbach G, Wein S, Wolffram S, Kristiansen K, Christensen LP. Identification of plant extracts with potential antidiabetic properties: effect on human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), adipocyte differentiation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Phytother Res 2011; 23:1316-25. [PMID: 19172665 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are insulin sensitizing drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. The primary target of the TZDs is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, a key regulator of adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Currently prescribed TZDs are full PPARgamma agonists, and their use is associated with several side effects. Partial PPARgamma agonists appear to be associated with fewer side effects but may still confer the desired insulin sensitizing action. Extracts from common medicinal/food plants were tested in a screening platform comprising a series of bioassays, including tests for PPARgamma, alpha and delta transactivation, adipocyte differentiation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, allowing identification of plants containing potentially interesting PPAR agonists. Twenty-two plant extracts out of 133 were found to increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and 18 extracts were found to activate PPARgamma, 3 to activate PPARalpha and gamma, 6 to activate PPARdelta and gamma, and 9 to activate PPARgamma, alpha and delta. Among the 24 different plant species tested in the platform, 50% were shown to contain compounds capable of activating PPARgamma and stimulating insulin-dependent glucose uptake with no or little effect on adipocyte differentiation warranting further studies and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine B Christensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Aarhus, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Aarslev, Denmark.
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Christensen LP. Aliphatic C(17)-polyacetylenes of the falcarinol type as potential health promoting compounds in food plants of the Apiaceae family. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2011; 3:64-77. [PMID: 21114468 DOI: 10.2174/2212798411103010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have provided evidence that a high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk for the development of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Fruits and vegetables are known to contain health promoting components such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and dietary fibers, however, it is unclear which of these are responsible for the health promoting properties of fruits and vegetables. Aliphatic C(17)-polyacetylenes of the falcarinol type, which occur in common food plants of the Apiaceae family such as carrot, celeriac, parsnip and parsley, have demonstrated interesting bioactivities including antibacterial, antimycobacterial, and antifungal activity as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet-aggregatory, neuritogenic and serotonergic effects. In addition, the cytotoxicity of falcarinol type polyacetylenes towards human cancer cells, bioavailability, and their potential anticancer effect in vivo indicates that these compounds may contribute to the health effects of certain vegetables and hence could be important nutraceuticals. The bioactivity of falcarinol type polyacetylenes occurring in food plants of the Apiaceae family, their possible mode of action and possible health promoting effects are discussed in this review as well as the effect of storage, processing and other factors that can influence the content of these compounds in particular root vegetables and products. Moreover, recent patents on bioactivity of falcarinol type polyacetylenes and inventions making use of this knowledge are presented and discussed.
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Abstract
Galactolipids are a class of compounds widely found in the plant kingdom, including edible plants, and are an important part of the cell membranes. Galactolipids in plants consists mainly of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols and digalactosyldiacylglycerols containing one or two saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids linked to the glycerol moiety. Several galactolipids have been shown to possess in vitro and/or in vivo anti-tumor promoting activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the galactolipid, 1,2-di-O-alpha-linolenoyl-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (1), may be important for the anti-inflammatory activity of dog rose (Rosa canina), a medicinal plant with documented effect on anti-inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. This galactolipid also occurs in relative high concentrations in certain legumes (e.g., common bean, pea), leaf vegetables (e.g., kale, leek, parsley, perilla and spinach), stem vegetables (e.g., asparagus, broccoli, brussels sprouts), and fruit vegetables (e.g., chilli, bell pepper, pumpkin). Furthermore, compound 1 has been isolated from spinach and several medicinal plants by bioassay-guided fractionation as a galactolipid with possible cancer preventive effects. In this review, the bioactivity of galactolipids is discussed and their potential role in human diet as important nutraceuticals. Moreover, recent patents on the bioactivity of specific galactolipids and inventions making use of this knowledge are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars P Christensen
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Christensen KB, Jørgensen M, Kotowska D, Petersen RK, Kristiansen K, Christensen LP. Activation of the nuclear receptor PPARγ by metabolites isolated from sage (Salvia officinalis L.). J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 132:127-133. [PMID: 20696231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia officinalis has been used as a traditional remedy against diabetes in many countries and its glucose-lowering effects have been demonstrated in animal studies. The active compounds and their possible mode of action are still unknown although it has been suggested that diterpenes may be responsible for the anti-diabetic effect of Salvia officinalis. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate whether the reported anti-diabetic effects of Salvia officinalis are related to activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and to identify the bioactive constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS From a dichloromethane extract of Salvia officinalis able to activate PPARγ several major metabolites were isolated by chromatographic techniques. To assess bioactivity of the isolated metabolites a PPARγ transactivation assay was used. RESULTS Eight diterpenes were isolated and identified including a new abietane diterpene being the epirosmanol ester of 12-O-methyl carnosic acid and 20-hydroxyferruginol, which was isolated from Salvia officinalis for the first time, as well as viridiflorol, oleanolic acid, and α-linolenic acid. 12-O-methyl carnosic acid and α-linolenic acid were able to significantly activate PPARγ whereas the remaining metabolites were either unable to activate PPARγ or yielded insignificant activation. CONCLUSIONS Selected metabolites from Salvia officinalis were able to activate PPARγ and hence, the anti-diabetic activity of this plant could in part be mediated through this nuclear receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Christensen
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Christensen KB, Petersen RK, Kristiansen K, Christensen LP. Identification of bioactive compounds from flowers of black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) that activate the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. Phytother Res 2010; 24 Suppl 2:S129-32. [PMID: 20222152 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the predisposing factors for the development of overt Type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure and can be treated with insulin sensitizing drugs that target the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. Extracts of elderflowers (Sambucus nigra) have been found to activate PPARgamma and to stimulate insulin-dependent glucose uptake suggesting that they have a potential use in the prevention and/or treatment of insulin resistance. Bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation of a methanol extract of elderflowers resulted in the identification of two well-known PPARgamma agonists; alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid as well as the flavanone naringenin. Naringenin was found to activate PPARgamma without stimulating adipocyte differentiation. However, the bioactivities of these three metabolites were not able to fully account for the observed PPARgamma activation of the crude elderflower extracts and further studies are needed to determine whether this is due synergistic effects and/or other ligand-independent mechanisms. Elderflower metabolites such as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were unable to activate PPARgamma. These findings suggest that flavonoid glycosides cannot activate PPARgamma, whereas some of their aglycones are potential agonists of PPARgamma.
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Paulsen E, Christensen LP, Fretté XC, Andersen KE. Patch test reactivity to feverfew-containing creams in feverfew-allergic patients. Contact Dermatitis 2010; 63:146-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Qu H, Christensen KB, Fretté XC, Tian F, Rantanen J, Christensen LP. A Novel Hybrid Chromatography−Crystallization Process for the Isolation and Purification of a Natural Pharmaceutical Ingredient from a Medicinal Herb. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op1000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paulsen E, Christensen LP, Andersen KE. Dermatitis from common ivy (Hedera helix L. subsp. helix) in Europe: past, present, and future. Contact Dermatitis 2010; 62:201-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Purup S, Larsen E, Christensen LP. Differential effects of falcarinol and related aliphatic C(17)-polyacetylenes on intestinal cell proliferation. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:8290-6. [PMID: 19694436 PMCID: PMC2745230 DOI: 10.1021/jf901503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative major polyacetylenes of carrots (falcarinol and falcarindiol) and American ginseng roots (falcarinol and panaxydol) were isolated and tested in human intestinal epithelial cells of normal (FHs 74 Int.) and cancer (Caco-2) origin. A hormesis effect was seen for all isolated polyacetylenes when added to Caco-2 cells in concentrations ranging from 1 ng/mL to 20 microg/mL. The relative inhibitory potency was falcarinol > panaxydol > falcarindiol. No hormesis effect was observed when adding the polyacetylenes to FHs 74 Int. cells. Instead, an inhibitory growth response was observed above 1 microg/mL. The relative inhibitory potency was panaxydol > falcarinol > falcarindiol. Maximal inhibition at 20 microg/mL corresponded to approximately 95% and 80% inhibition of cell proliferation in normal and cancer cells, respectively. Combinations of falcarinol and falcarindiol added to normal and cancer cells showed a synergistic response for the inhibition of cell growth. Furthermore, the oxidized form of falcarinol, falcarinon, showed a significantly less growth inhibitory effect in intestinal cells of both normal and cancer origin; hence, a hydroxyl group at C-3 may be important for activity of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes. Extracts of carrots, containing different amounts of falcarinol, falcarindiol, and falcarindiol 3-acetate had significant inhibitory effects on both normal and cancer cell proliferation. In cancer cells, the extract containing the highest concentration of falcarinol tended to have the highest growth inhibitory effect, in accordance with a higher potency of falcarinol than falcarindiol. The present study demonstrates that aliphatic C(17)-polyacetylenes are potential anticancer principles of carrots and related vegetables and that synergistic interaction between bioactive polyacetylenes may be important for their bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Purup
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Mohammed MMD, Christensen LP, Ibrahim NA, Awad NE, Zeid IF, Pedersen EB. New acylated flavone and cyanogenic glycosides from Linum grandiflorum. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:489-97. [PMID: 19296395 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802364168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The first investigation of Linum grandiflorum resulted in the isolation of one new acylated flavone O-diglycoside known as luteolin 7-O-alpha-D-(6'''-E-feruloyl)glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and one new cyanogenic glycoside known as 2-[(3'-isopropoxy-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-2-methylbutanenitrile, together with four known flavonoid glycosides, three known cyanogenic glycosides and one alkyl glycoside. The new compounds were structurally elucidated via the extensive 1D, 2D NMR and DIFNOE together with ESI-TOF-CID-MS/MS and HR-MALDI/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy M D Mohammed
- Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center Aarslev, Aarslev, Denmark.
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Christensen KB, Petersen RK, Petersen S, Kristiansen K, Christensen LP. Activation of PPARgamma by metabolites from the flowers of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). J Nat Prod 2009; 72:933-937. [PMID: 19374389 DOI: 10.1021/np900003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizing drugs that target the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. An n-hexane extract of the flowers of Echinacea purpurea was found to activate PPARgamma without stimulating adipocyte differentiation. Bioassay-guided fractionations yielded five alkamides, of which one was new, and three fatty acids that all activated PPARgamma. The new alkamide hexadeca-2E,9Z,12Z,14E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (5) was identified by analysis of spectroscopic data and found to activate PPARgamma with no concurrent stimulation of adipocyte differentiation. Compound 5 was further shown to increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The data suggest that flowers of E. purpurea contain compounds with potential to manage insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine B Christensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Aarhus, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Aarslev, Denmark.
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Christensen LP, Jensen M. Biomass and content of ginsenosides and polyacetylenes in American ginseng roots can be increased without affecting the profile of bioactive compounds. J Nat Med 2008; 63:159-68. [PMID: 19085048 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-008-0307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fifty selected roots from a 7-year-old American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) plant population grown in Denmark, with root weights varying from 191 to 490 g fresh weight (FW), were investigated for bioactive ginsenosides and polyacetylenes (PAs) in order to determine the correlation between the content of ginsenosides and PAs and root FW. PAs (falcarinol, panaxydol) and ginsenosides (Rb(1), Rb(2), Rb(3), Rc, Rd, Re, Rg(1)) were extracted from roots by sequential extraction with ethyl acetate and 80% methanol, respectively, and quantified in extracts by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using photodiode array detection. Total concentrations of PAs and ginsenosides varied between 150 and 780 mg/kg FW and 5,920 and 15,660 mg/kg FW, respectively. No correlation existed between the content of ginsenosides and PAs and root FW or between the total concentration of ginsenosides and PAs. Strong significant correlation was found between total content of ginsenosides and ginsenoside Rb(1) (r = 0.8190, P < 0.0001) and between total content of PAs and falcarinol (r = 0.9904, P < 0.0001). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that it is possible to select large American ginseng roots for increased biomass production and concentration of bioactive ginsenosides and PAs without affecting the profile of bioactive compounds. Ginsenoside Rb(1) and falcarinol were found to be important selection parameters for identifying superior genotypes with the highest content of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars P Christensen
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, Odense M, Denmark.
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Abstract
Ginsenosides are a special group of triterpenoid saponins that can be classified into two groups by the skeleton of their aglycones, namely dammarane- and oleanane-type. Ginsenosides are found nearly exclusively in Panax species (ginseng) and up to now more than 150 naturally occurring ginsenosides have been isolated from roots, leaves/stems, fruits, and/or flower heads of ginseng. Ginsenosides have been the target of a lot of research as they are believed to be the main active principles behind the claims of ginsengs efficacy. The potential health effects of ginsenosides that are discussed in this chapter include anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic effects as well as antistress activity and effects on the central nervous system. Ginsensoides can be metabolized in the stomach (acid hydrolysis) and in the gastrointestinal tract (bacterial hydrolysis) or transformed to other ginsenosides by drying and steaming of ginseng to more bioavailable and bioactive ginsenosides. The metabolization and transformation of intact ginsenosides, which seems to play an important role for their potential health effects, are discussed. Qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques for the analysis of ginsenosides are important in relation to quality control of ginseng products and plant material and for the determination of the effects of processing of plant material as well as for the determination of the metabolism and bioavailability of ginsenosides. Analytical techniques for the analysis of ginsenosides that are described in this chapter are thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with various detectors, gas chromatography (GC), colorimetry, enzyme immunoassays (EIA), capillary electrophoresis (CE), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and spectrophotometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars P Christensen
- Research Center Aarslev, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
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Kreutzmann S, Thybo AK, Edelenbos M, Christensen LP. The role of volatile compounds on aroma and flavour perception in coloured raw carrot genotypes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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