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Lee SSY, Lingham G, Clark A, Read SA, Alonso-Caneiro D, Mackey DA. Choroidal Changes During and After Discontinuing Long-Term 0.01% Atropine Treatment for Myopia Control. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:21. [PMID: 39136629 PMCID: PMC11323994 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Few studies have explored choroidal changes after cessation of myopia control. This study evaluated the choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) during and after discontinuing long-term low-concentration atropine eye drops use for myopia control. Methods Children with progressive myopia (6-16 years; n = 153) were randomized to receive 0.01% atropine eye drops or a placebo (2:1 ratio) instilled daily over 2 years, followed by a 1-year washout (no eye drop use). Optical coherence tomography imaging of the choroid was conducted at the baseline, 2-year (end of treatment phase), and 3-year (end of washout phase) visits. The main outcome measure was the subfoveal ChT. Secondary measures include the CVI. Results During the treatment phase, the subfoveal choroids in both treatment and control groups thickened by 12-14 µm (group difference P = 0.56). During the washout phase, the subfoveal choroids in the placebo group continued to thicken by 6.6 µm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7 to 11.6), but those in the atropine group did not change (estimate = -0.04 µm; 95% CI = -3.2 to 3.1). Participants with good axial eye growth control had greater choroidal thickening than the fast-progressors during the treatment phase regardless of the treatment group (P < 0.001), but choroidal thickening in the atropine group's fast-progressors was not sustained after stopping eye drops. CVI decreased in both groups during the treatment phase, but increased in the placebo group after treatment cessation. Conclusions On average, compared to placebo, 0.01% atropine eye drop treatment did not cause a differential rate of change in ChT during treatment, but abrupt cessation of long-term 0.01% atropine eye drops may disrupt normal choroidal thickening in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sze-Yee Lee
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6635-1098
| | - Gareth Lingham
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental, Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-0733
| | - Antony Clark
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8393-9870
| | - Scott A Read
- Queensland University of Technology, Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Optometry and Vision Science, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-673X
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Queensland University of Technology, Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Optometry and Vision Science, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7754-6592
| | - David A Mackey
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7914-4709
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Zhong S, He F, Fang S, Sun J, Li Y, Shuo Z, Liu X, Song X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zhou H, Fan X. Choroidal thickness in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, as determined by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:1081-1087. [PMID: 37857455 PMCID: PMC11287629 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study used swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to investigate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) who displayed different levels of disease activity and severity. METHODS Thirty patients with TAO (60 eyes) and 38 healthy controls (67 eyes) in Shanghai, China, were recruited for this study. Disease activity and severity were graded using European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy standardised criteria. SFCT values were determined by SS-OCT. RESULTS In total, 129 eyes were included in the final analysis. The mean SFCT was significantly thicker among patients with active disease (276.23±84.01 µm) than among patients with inactive disease (224.68±111.61 µm; p=0.049) or healthy controls (223.56±78.69 µm; p=0.01). There were no differences in SFCT among patients with moderate-to-severe disease, patients with severe disease and healthy controls (p>0.05). Changes in SFCT demonstrated strong predictive ability to distinguish active TAO from inactive TAO (area under the curve=0.659, 95% CI 0.496 to 0.822). CONCLUSIONS SFCT was strongly associated with Clinical Activity Score in patients with TAO. Choroidal thickening was observed during active TAO. SS-OCT offers a non-invasive method for follow-up assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglin He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Shuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang L, Yi K, Sun Q, Chen Z, Xiang Y, Ren W, Wu P, He S, Yang Y, Feng L, Hu K, Wan W. Palladium nanocrystals regulates scleral extracellular matrix remodeling in myopic progression by modulating the hypoxia signaling pathway Nrf-2/Ho-1. J Control Release 2024; 373:293-305. [PMID: 39019088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Myopia represents a widespread global public health concern influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The prevailing theory explaining myopia development revolves around scleral extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, characterized by diminished Type I collagen (Col-1) synthesis and increased degradation, resulting in scleral thinning and eye axis elongation. Existing studies underscore the pivotal role of scleral hypoxia in myopic scleral remodeling. This study investigates the peroxidase-like activity and catalytic performance of octahedral Palladium (Pd) nanocrystals, recognized as nanozymes with antioxidative properties. We explore their potential in reducing oxidative stress and alleviating hypoxia in human scleral fibroblasts (HSF) and examine the associated molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrate the significant peroxidase-like activity of Pd nanocrystals. Furthermore, we observe a substantial reduction in oxidative stress in HSF under hypoxia, mitigating cellular damage. These effects are linked to alterations in Nrf-2/Ho-1 expression, a pathway associated with hypoxic stress. Importantly, our findings indicate that Pd nanocrystals contribute to attenuated scleral matrix remodeling in myopic guinea pigs, effectively slowing myopia progression. This supports the hypothesis that Pd nanocrystals regulate myopia development by controlling oxidative stress associated with hypoxia. Based on these results, we propose that Pd nanocrystals represent a novel and potential treatment avenue for myopia through the modulation of scleral matrix remodeling. This study introduces innovative ideas and directions for the treatment and prevention of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyang Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijuan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjuan Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment on major blinding diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Jeong H, Lee D, Negishi K, Tsubota K, Kurihara T. Establishment of an in vitro choroid complex system for vascular response screening. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16129. [PMID: 38997397 PMCID: PMC11245503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The choroid, a vascularized tissue situated between the retina and the sclera, plays a crucial role in maintaining ocular homeostasis. Despite its significance, research on choroidal abnormalities and the establishment of effective in vitro models have been limited. In this study, we developed an in vitro choroid model through the co-culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and mouse choroidal fibroblasts (msCFs) with hiPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells via a permeable membrane. This model, inclusive of ECs, CFs, and RPE cells, exhibited similarities with in vivo choroidal vessels, as confirmed through immunohistochemistry of extracellular matrix markers and vascular-related markers, as well as choroid angiogenesis sprouting assay analysis. The effectiveness of our in vitro model was demonstrated in assessing vascular changes induced by drugs targeting vasoregulation. Our model offers a valuable tool for gaining insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying choroid development and the progression of choroidal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonuk Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Deokho Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc, 304 Toshin Shinanomachi-Ekimae Bldg., 34 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Lee YS, Kang EYC, Chen HSL, Yeh PH, Wu WC. Comparing the morphology of optic nerve head and lamina cribrosa in full-term and preterm school-aged children. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1964-1970. [PMID: 38632472 PMCID: PMC11229510 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the morphology of lamina cribrosa (LC) in preterm school-aged children. METHODS A study of 120 eyes from 120 patients, including 42 full-term children (control group), 41 preterm children without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), 16 children with ROP treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), and 21 children with ROP treated with laser. Five parameters of LC were measured by optical coherence tomography, including Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) diameter, minimum rim width (MRW), LC depth, prelaminar tissue (PLT) thickness, and LC curvature index (LCCI). RESULTS The PLT thickness increased with age in full-term and preterm children (β = 30.1, P = 0.003 and β = 19.6, P < 0.001, respectively). LC depth and LCCI showed no differences between full-term and preterm children. Worse refractive errors in preterm children were associated with greater MRW and PLT thickness (β = -17.1, P = 0.001 and β = -5.7, P = 0.03, respectively). However, this relationship was not found in full-term children. Laser-treated children had greater MRW, PLT, temporal peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer, and foveal thickness than full-term or other preterm children (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Prematurity and ROP treatment may have an impact on the structural development of the LC. Refractive status plays a vital role in the LC structure of preterm children. This highlights the refractive errors of preterm children at school age that merit greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Henry Shen-Lih Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Lee YS, Liu L, Wang NK, Chen KJ, Hwang YS, Lai CC, Wu WC. LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN CHILDREN WITH A HISTORY OF PREMATURITY: An 18-Month Prospective Cohort Study. Retina 2024; 44:1063-1072. [PMID: 38346114 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000004062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate choroidal changes over time in school-age children with a history of prematurity. METHODS A study of 416 eyes of 208 eligible participants, including 88, 190, 36, 56, and 46 eyes in the full-term control, preterm, spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity, intravitreal bevacizumab (injection of bevacizumab)-treated retinopathy of prematurity, and laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity groups, respectively, were enrolled in this study. The choroidal thickness was measured 4 times at 6-month intervals using optical coherence tomography. RESULTS Of all the groups, the laser-treated children had the thinnest choroid compared with full-term children (-52.3 µ m, P = 0.04). Preterm children exhibited greater attenuation in choroidal thickness over time than did full-term children (-6.3 ± 26.9 and -1.1 ± 12.8 µ m/year, P = 0.03), whereas no difference was observed between injection of bevacizumab and laser treatments (-4.6 ± 18.9 and -2.0 ± 15.7 µ m/year, P = 0.46). In all groups, the changes in axial length were negatively associated with the changes in choroidal thickness (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A greater attenuation in choroid thickness over time was observed in preterm children than in full-term children, but this attenuation did not differ between injection of bevacizumab and laser treatments. Axial elongation was associated with choroidal thinning in school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Laura Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
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Cao Y, Gu X, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhu D. Assessment of the effects of myopic and hyperopic anisometropia on choroidal vascular structure in children using SS-OCTA. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:525-536. [PMID: 38456753 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare large- and medium-sized choroidal vascularity and the choriocapillaris (CC) flow area in children with different refractive errors using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). METHODS Forty-two anisometropic children were enrolled and divided into hyperopic anisometropia (HA) and myopic anisometropia (MA) groups. SS-OCTA was performed to analyse choroidal vascularity. Mean choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vascularity volume (CVV), choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and CC flow area were compared between the two eyes. The inter-ocular differences between the two groups were also determined. RESULTS Mean CT and CVV were highest in eyes with shorter axial lengths in both refractive groups, and the difference between the two eyes was positively correlated with the difference in axial length at the foveal region. Significant differences in the CVI in the MA group were only found in the parafoveal region. Inter-ocular differences in the CC were significantly reduced in eyes with longer axial lengths in the foveal and parafoveal regions of the HA and MA groups, respectively. Comparing inter-ocular differences, CC was significantly greater in the parafoveal region of the MA group than the HA group. CONCLUSIONS All layers of choroidal vasculature were thinner in eyes with longer axial lengths in all groups. The inter-ocular CC difference was greater in the MA than in the HA group, with similar differences in axial length. This suggests that both medium-to-large choroidal vascular and choroidal capillaries may play a role in myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cao
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dehai Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Liu G, Rong H, Liu Y, Wang B, Du B, Song D, Wei R. Effectiveness of repeated low-level red light in myopia prevention and myopia control. Br J Ophthalmol 2024:bjo-2023-324260. [PMID: 38631861 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-324260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To compare the effects of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) treatment on axial length growth and refractive error changes in myopic and premyopic children. METHODS Subjects were assigned randomly to four subgroups: myopia-RLRL group (M-RL), myopia-control group (M-C), premyopia-RLRL group (PM-RL) and premyopia-control group (PM-C). Subjects in the RLRL group completed a 12-month treatment composed of a 3 min RLRL treatment session twice daily, with an interval of at least 4 hours, for 7 days per week. Visits were scheduled before and at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month follow-up after the treatment. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the spherical equivalent refractive errors (SE) and axial length (AL) changes between the groups across the treatment period. RESULTS After 12 months of treatment, in the myopia group, SE and AL changes were -0.078±0.375 D and 0.033±0.123 mm for M-RL and -0.861±0.556 D and 0.415±0.171 mm for M-C; in the premyopia group, the progression of SE and AL was -0.181±0.417 D and 0.145±0.175 mm for PM-RL and -0.521±0.436 D and 0.292±0.128 mm for PM-C. PM-RL indicated a lower myopia incidence than PM-C (2.5% vs 19.4%). Additionally, the percentage of AL shortening in the M-RL was higher than that in the PM-RL before the 9-month follow-up. CONCLUSION RLRL effectively delayed myopia progression in children with myopia and reduced the incidence of myopia in premyopic children. Moreover, RLRL exhibited a stronger impact on myopic children compared with premyopic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Rong
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yipu Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Biying Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Du
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Desheng Song
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Lin S, Zhu B, Wang T, Wang H, Xu X, Wang S, Yin Y, Xiang Z, Qian Y, Zhang Z, Cui L, Zou H, He X, Zhu J, Ma Y. Sympathetic nervous system activity is associated with choroidal thickness and axial length in school-aged children. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:405-410. [PMID: 36787996 PMCID: PMC10894849 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We aim to explore the effect of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on choroid thickness (ChT) and axial length (AL). METHODS Students of grade 2 and 3 from a primary school were included and followed for 1 year. Visual acuity, refraction, AL and ChT were measured. Morning urine samples were collected for determining SNS activity by analysing concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The most important factor (factor 1) was calculated using factor analysis to comprehensively indicate the SNS activity. RESULTS A total of 273 students were included, with an average age of 7.77±0.69 years, and 150 (54.95%) were boys. Every 1 µg/L increase in epinephrine is associated with 1.60 µm (95% CI 0.30 to 2.90, p=0.02) decrease in average ChT. Every 1 µg/L increase in norepinephrine is associated with 0.53 µm (95% CI 0.08 to 0.98, p=0.02) decrease in the ChT in inner-superior region. The factor 1 was negatively correlated with the ChT in the superior regions. Every 1 µg/L increase in norepinephrine was associated with 0.002 mm (95% CI 0.0004 to 0.004, p=0.016) quicker AL elongation. The factor 1 was positively correlated with AL elongation (coefficient=0.037, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.070, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS We hypothesised that chronic stress characterised by elevated level of the SNS, was associated with significant increase in AL elongation, probably through thinning of the choroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Lin
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fengcheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lipu Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangui He
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Ma
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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10
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Oruz O, Dervişoğulları MS. Comparison of choroidal structural changes between term and preterm children with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103901. [PMID: 37996045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of prematurity and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment on choroidal structure using the image binarization method and compare with term children. METHODS Children aged 6-11 years were included in this prospective case-control study. There were 36 (72 eyes) term children and 52 (103 eyes) preterm children included in the study. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal thickness (CT) at 500, 1500, and 2500 μm temporal and nasal from the fovea were measured. Images were binarized using the Image J program. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was calculated by dividing the luminal area by the total subfoveal choroidal area. RESULTS There was no significant difference in SCFT between children born at term (290.44±57.617 μm) and preterm (288±69.270 μm) (p = 0.800). CVI was found to be significantly higher in term children (71.90±2.60 %) than in preterm children (69.58±2.72 %) (p<0.001), and the difference was also significant when compared to preterm children without ROP (p = 0.033). In the preterm subgroups, although CVI was higher in preterm children without ROP (70.42±2.24 %) than in those with spontaneous regression (69.34±3.30 %) and those treated with laser photocoagulation (68.91±2.35 %), there was no significant difference (p = 0.330, p = 0.089 respectively). CVI was similar between children with spontaneous regression and those treated with laser photocoagulation (p = 0.909). CVI and logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were inversely correlated (r=-0.295 p<0.001). CONCLUSION Reduced CVI in preterm children indicates that prematurity is related to the choroid. Choroidal vascularity index appears to be a more reliable marker than CT for evaluating the relationship between choroid and ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Oruz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Başkent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
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11
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Ng K, Xu P, Jin G, Cheng W, Luo X, Ding X, Zheng D, Liu Y. Quantitative analysis of choriocapillaris flow deficits and choroidal thickness in children with Marfan syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:274-279. [PMID: 36575623 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the characteristics and associated factors of choroidal thickness (ChT) and choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage (CC FD%) in children with Marfan syndrome (MFS). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. The ChT of the subfoveal area and other areas 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 mm away from the fovea were assessed. The CC FD% of quadrant and circular regions with diameters of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mm were assessed with 3×3 mm macular choriocapillaris images. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and cardiac function factor such as Z score were measured to analyse the associations with ChT and CC FD%. RESULTS 51 MFS children and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Compared with the healthy controls, the ChT in the MFS group was thinner in the subfoveal area, temporal 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mm (all p<0.001). The CC FD% was higher in circle 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mm (all p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that CC FD% in the circle 2.5 mm when the Z score ≥2 was associated with BCVA (β=9.08 (95% CI 3.96 to 14.20); p=0.005) and Z score (β=4.19 (95% CI 1.28 to 12.00); p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS Thinner ChT and a higher CC FD% were observed in children with MFS, and an increased CC FD% in circle 2.5 mm was significantly associated with worse BCVA and cardiac function. These findings may help identify future visual impairment and early cardiac events in MFS children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kityee Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pusheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Yao Y, Fu J, Liu J, Li L, Chen W, Meng Z. Assessment of macular choroidal and retinal thickness: a cohort study in Tibetan healthy children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1383. [PMID: 38228766 PMCID: PMC10792070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the distribution, progressive changes, and contributing factors of macular choroidal and retinal thickness in Tibetan children utilizing swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The Lhasa childhood study recruited 1632 students from seven primary schools in Lhasa. These participants underwent OCT and ophthalmological evaluations, encompassing retinal and choroidal thickness measurements, refractive error, axial length (AL), and systemic examinations. The median age of the scholars was 8.57 ± 0.50 years with a median spherical equivalent (SE) of 0.19 ± 1.28D. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that thinner macular choroid thickness was correlated with lower value of SE, worse best-corrected visual acuity, higher mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and boys, while retinal thickness was associated with better image quality and lower value of SE. The choroid and retina were significantly thinner in myopic children. SE was positively related to the thickness of all choroidal and full retinal subregions. In comparison to baseline data from 20 months prior, most regions of the full retina had significantly thinned. Choroidal thickness of Tibetan children is thinner than that of same-age children from other regions. Thinning of retina, the outer-sector GCC and GCIPL may be specified as a follow-up and prognostic indicator for myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operation Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaojun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
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13
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Li X, Hu J, Peng Z, Chen S, Sun L, Wang K, Li Y, Zhao M. Association between choriocapillaris perfusion and axial elongation in children using defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3847-3853. [PMID: 37369765 PMCID: PMC10697950 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate choroidal and ocular biological variables that influence axial length (AL) elongation in children wearing defocused incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses. METHODS This cohort study included 106 myopic children aged 7-14 years with a 1-year follow-up. Participants were divided into two groups according to the increase in AL in one year: rapid (>0.2 mm) and slow (≤0.2 mm) axial elongation groups. Cycloplegic autorefraction and AL were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. The area of choriocapillaris flow voids (FVs) and choroidal thickness (ChT) at baseline were measured. RESULTS Univariate linear regression analysis showed that AL elongation were significantly associated with the FVs area (standardised β = 0.198, P < 0.05) and age (standardised β = -0.201, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the FVs area, age, and average K reading were associated with AL elongation. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that greater degrees of myopia and larger FVs areas were risk factors for rapid axial elongation, while older age, large pupil diameter and steeper cornea were protective factors. In estimating axial elongation, the FVs area alone demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.672 (95% CI, 0.569-0.775, P < 0.01), and that of FVs area and other ocular variables was 0.788 (95% CI, 0.697-0.878, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Larger choriocapillaris FVs area at baseline may help to predict axial elongation in myopic eyes. The association between FVs area and axial elongation should be taken into consideration in further myopic cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Li
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zisu Peng
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Sun
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
- Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
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14
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Salzano AD, Khanal S, Cheung NL, Weise KK, Jenewein EC, Horn DM, Mutti DO, Gawne TJ. Repeated Low-level Red-light Therapy: The Next Wave in Myopia Management? Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:812-822. [PMID: 37890098 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Exposure to long-wavelength light has been proposed as a potential intervention to slow myopia progression in children. This article provides an evidence-based review of the safety and myopia control efficacy of red light and discusses the potential mechanisms by which red light may work to slow childhood myopia progression.The spectral composition of the ambient light in the visual environment has powerful effects on eye growth and refractive development. Studies in mammalian and primate animal models (macaque monkeys and tree shrews) have shown that daily exposure to long-wavelength (red or amber) light promotes slower eye growth and hyperopia development and inhibits myopia induced by form deprivation or minus lens wear. Consistent with these results, several recent randomized controlled clinical trials in Chinese children have demonstrated that exposure to red light for 3 minutes twice a day significantly reduces myopia progression and axial elongation. These findings have collectively provided strong evidence for the potential of using red light as a myopia control intervention in clinical practice. However, several questions remain unanswered. In this article, we review the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of red light as a myopia control intervention, describe potential mechanisms, and discuss some key unresolved issues that require consideration before red light can be broadly translated into myopia control in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safal Khanal
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nathan L Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine K Weise
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Erin C Jenewein
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Darryl M Horn
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald O Mutti
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Timothy J Gawne
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Zhu H, Liu C, Gao M, Zhang S, Zhang L, Zhao Q. Choroidal thickness in relation to diopter and axial length among myopic children. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1241352. [PMID: 37928462 PMCID: PMC10623004 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1241352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between diopter (D) and choroidal thickness in myopic children by describing the values of choroidal thickness, and explore choroidal thickness as an important indicator for evaluating the progression of myopia. Methods The study included myopic and emmetropic children aged 6-14 years (156 eyes) from the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University. The participants were divided into four groups according to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER): low myopes, moderate myopes, high myopes, and emmetropes. Choroidal thickness was measured in nine areas using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid layout, which divided the areas into concentric circles of 0 × 0 mm, 3 × 3 mm, and 5 × 5 mm from the Sub Fovea. The images were obtained manually with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scanner. Results There were significant differences of choroidal thickness in the nine areas of the ETDRS grid for all myopes. The distribution of choroidal thickness in low and moderate myopes were different from that in high myopes. In the horizontal direction, choroidal thickness decreased from the temporal to nasal areas for all myopes. In the vertical direction, the choroidal thickness in the perifovea was smaller than that in the parafovea (SER ≥ -2.75D), and the choroidal thickness in the perifovea was greater than that in the parafovea (SER < -2.75D). When comparing emmetropes with myopes, the closer the choroidal thickness was to the central fovea, the more significant the differences were, while the differences were smaller to the perifovea. Among all children, choroidal thickness was positive to SER and negative to axial length (AL) in all areas. For every 1D increase in myopia, the subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased by 13 μm, and for every 1 mm increase in AL, the subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased by 23 μm. Furthermore, SER and AL showed the strongest correlation with choroidal thickness in the inferior area. Conclusion Optical coherence tomography results revealed choroidal thickness was thinner in myopic children. Choroidal thickness was positive to SER and negative to AL. Therefore, we consider choroidal thickness to be an important indicator for evaluating the myopia progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Liu C, Li M, Shen Y, Han X, Wei R, Wang Y, Xu S, Zhou X. Targeting choroidal vasculopathy via up-regulation of tRNA-derived fragment tRF-22 expression for controlling progression of myopia. J Transl Med 2023; 21:412. [PMID: 37355654 PMCID: PMC10290315 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia has emerged as a major public health concern globally, which is tightly associated with scleral extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and choroidal vasculopathy. Choroidal vasculopathy has gradually been recognized as a critical trigger of myopic pathology. However, the precise mechanism controlling choroidal vasculopathy remains unclear. Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are known as a novel class of small non-coding RNAs that plays important roles in several biological and pathological processes. In this study, we investigated the role of tRF-22-8BWS72092 (tRF-22) in choroidal vasculopathy and myopia progression. METHODS The tRF-22 expression pattern under myopia-related stresses was detected by qRT-PCR. MTT assays, EdU incorporation assays, Transwell migration assays, and Matrigel assays were conducted to detect the role of tRF-22 in choroidal endothelial cell function in vitro. Isolectin B4 staining and choroidal sprouting assay ex vivo were conducted to detect the role of tRF-22 in choroidal vascular dysfunction in vivo. Immunofluorescent staining, western blot assays and ocular biometric parameters measurement were performed to examine whether altering tRF-22 expression in choroid affects scleral hypoxia and ECM remodeling and myopia progression in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assays were conducted to identify the downstream targets of tRF-22. RNA-sequencing combined with m6A-qPCR assays were used to identify the m6A modified targets of METTL3. Gain-of-function and Loss-of-function analysis were performed to reveal the mechanism of tRF-22/METTL3-mediated choroidal vascular dysfunction. RESULTS The results revealed that tRF-22 expression was significantly down-regulated in myopic choroid. tRF-22 overexpression alleviated choroidal vasculopathy and retarded the progression of myopia in vivo. tRF-22 regulated choroidal endothelial cell viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability in vitro. Mechanistically, tRF-22 interacted with METTL3 and blocked m6A methylation of Axin1 and Arid1b mRNA transcripts, which led to increased expression of Axin1 and Arid1b. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that the intervention of choroidal vasculopathy via tRF-22-METTL3- Axin1/Arid1b axis is a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with myopic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meiyan Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yaming Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruoyan Wei
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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17
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Gyawali P, Jnawali A, Kharal A, Subedi M, Kandel S, Puri PR, Paudel N. SubFoveal Choroidal Imaging in High Myopic Nepalese Cohort. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:2209496. [PMID: 37215947 PMCID: PMC10195179 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2209496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evidence suggests that choroid is thinner in myopes as compared to nonmyopes. However, choroidal thickness varies with the refractive error, age, axial length, and ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in high myopic Nepalese subjects and to investigate its association with the mean spherical equivalent refractive error (MSE), axial length, and age. Methods Ninety-two eyes of 92 high myopic subjects (MSE ≤ -6 diopters) and 83 eyes of 83 emmetropic subjects (MSE: 0.00 Diopters) were included in the study. SFCT was assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and the axial length was measured using partial coherence interferometry. SFCT was measured manually using the inbuilt tool within the imaging software. Results SFCT in the high myopic subjects was significantly thinner (mean ± SD: 224.17 ± 68.91 μm) as compared to the emmetropic subjects (353.24 ± 65.63 μm) (mean difference, 127.76 ± 130.80 μm, and p < 0.001). In high myopic subjects, there was a significant negative correlation of choroidal thickness with the axial length (rho = -0.75; p < 0.001) and MSE (rho = -0.404; p < 0.01). Regression analysis demonstrated a decrease of choroidal thickness by 40.32 μm (p < 0.001) for every 1 millimeter increase in the axial length and by 11.65 μm (p < 0.001) for every 1 diopter increase in the MSE. Conclusion High myopic Nepalese subjects had significantly thinner choroid as compared to emmetropes. The MSE and axial length were inversely correlated with the SFCT. Age had no effect on SFCT in this study. These findings may have implications in interpreting choroidal thickness values in clinical and epidemiological studies in myopes, especially in the south Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parash Gyawali
- B. P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashutosh Jnawali
- B. P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Anish Kharal
- College of Optometry, The University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manish Subedi
- B. P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | | | - Prajjol Raj Puri
- B. P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Nabin Paudel
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Ostrin LA, Harb E, Nickla DL, Read SA, Alonso-Caneiro D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Zhou X, Wildsoet CF. IMI-The Dynamic Choroid: New Insights, Challenges, and Potential Significance for Human Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:4. [PMID: 37126359 PMCID: PMC10153586 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid is the richly vascular layer of the eye located between the sclera and Bruch's membrane. Early studies in animals, as well as more recent studies in humans, have demonstrated that the choroid is a dynamic, multifunctional structure, with its thickness directly and indirectly subject to modulation by a variety of physiologic and visual stimuli. In this review, the anatomy and function of the choroid are summarized and links between the choroid, eye growth regulation, and myopia, as demonstrated in animal models, discussed. Methods for quantifying choroidal thickness in the human eye and associated challenges are described, the literature examining choroidal changes in response to various visual stimuli and refractive error-related differences are summarized, and the potential implications of the latter for myopia are considered. This review also allowed for the reexamination of the hypothesis that short-term changes in choroidal thickness induced by pharmacologic, optical, or environmental stimuli are predictive of future long-term changes in axial elongation, and the speculation that short-term choroidal thickening can be used as a biomarker of treatment efficacy for myopia control therapies, with the general conclusion that current evidence is not sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Ostrin
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Elise Harb
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Debora L Nickla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Disease, New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Scott A Read
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology-Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology-Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Christine F Wildsoet
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Berhuni M, Soysal GG, Tiskaoglu NS, Ozcan ZO. Impact of Valsalva Manuever on Choroidal Vascularity Index, Central Choroid and Central Macula. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103570. [PMID: 37068645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of the effects of the Valsalva maneuver on choroidal vascularity index, central choroid and the central macula. METHODS Eighty-four eyes of 42 healthy volunteers were evaluated in this prospective study. The central macular layer was assesed using the retinal map mode of the spectral domain OCT (Optovue RTVue XR, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA), OCT images taken in the Enhanced Deep Imaging mode were transferred to the Image J program and the choroidal vascularity index and subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements were calculated. RESULTS The mean age of volunteers was 35.4±7.2 years. Choroidal vascularity index, subfoveal choroidal thickness, central macular thickness and intraocular pressure measurements in the resting position were 67.99±2.1%, 337.73±12.8 µm, 232.04± 8.4 µm, 14.04±2.5 mmHg respectively, during Valsalva maneuver were 69.44±2.1%, 351.15±12.2 µm, 238.84±8.1 µm, 19.4±5.4 mmHg respectively. There was a statistically significant increase during valsalva maneuver. CONCLUSION The valsalva maneuver may cause temporary changes in choroidal vascularity index, subfoveal choroidal thickness, central macular thickness and intraocular pressure. These measurements may be misinterpreted in situations where patients breath-hold inadvertantly causing the Valsalva maneuver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Berhuni
- Ersin Arslan Research and Education Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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20
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Yetkin AA, Karataş M. Effect of Nasal Septum Deviation on the Choroidal Thickness. Cureus 2023; 15:e37840. [PMID: 37213969 PMCID: PMC10198657 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasal cavity blood circulation and ocular blood circulation have common pathways for both arterial blood supply and venous drainage. Therefore, nasal pathologies can affect ocular blood circulation. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nasal obstruction and choroidal thickness. METHODS A prospective study was planned by forming a group of 144 patients diagnosed with nasal septum deviation at the otorhinolaryngology clinic and 100 healthy voluntary individuals. Of the total, 69 patients with nasal right septum deviation were evaluated as Group 1, 75 patients with nasal left septum deviation as Group 2, and 100 healthy volunteers as the control group. Detailed ophthalmological examinations of all the participants were performed, and choroidal thickness was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The relationship between choroidal thickness and ocular parameters was evaluated and compared between the patient groups with nasal septum deviation and the control group. RESULTS When the choroidal thickness measurements of the patients in Group 1 were examined, the choroidal thickness increased in all the regions in the eye contralateral to the deviation side (left), and intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher compared to the eye on the deviation side (right) and the control group at a statistically significant level. In Group 2, the choroidal thickness measurements increased in all the regions in the eye contralateral to the deviation side (right), and IOP was higher compared to the deviation side (left) and the control group. CONCLUSIONS We found that the patients with nasal septum deviation had higher choroidal thickness and IOP values in the eye contralateral to deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Yetkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman, TUR
| | - Mehmet Karataş
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman, TUR
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21
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Xiong R, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Chen Y, Bulloch G, Yuan Y, Zhang S, Xuan M, Zeng J, He M. Longitudinal Changes and Predictive Value of Choroidal Thickness for Myopia Control after Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:286-296. [PMID: 36240954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate longitudinal changes in macular choroidal thickness (mCT) in myopic children treated for 1 year with repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy and their predictive value for treatment efficacy on myopia control. DESIGN A secondary analysis of data from a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT; NCT04073238). PARTICIPANTS Myopic children aged 8-13 years who participated in the RCT at 2 of 5 sites where mCT measurements were available. METHODS Repeated low-level red-light therapy was delivered using a home-use desktop light device that emitted red-light at 650 nm. Choroidal thickness was measured by SS-OCT at baseline and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Visual acuity, axial length (AL), cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and treatment compliance were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in mCT at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months relative to baseline, and their associations with myopia control. RESULTS A total of 120 children were included in the analysis (RLRL group: n = 60; single-vision spectacle [SVS] group: n = 60). Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the 2 groups. In the RLRL group, changes in mCT from baseline remained positive over 1 year, with a maximal increase of 14.755 μm at 1 month and gradually decreasing from 5.286 μm at 3 months to 1.543 μm at 6 months, finally reaching 9.089 μm at 12 months. In the SVS group, mCT thinning was observed, with changes from baseline of -1.111, -8.212, -10.190, and -10.407 μm at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Satisfactory myopia control was defined as annual progression rates of less than 0, 0.05, or 0.10 mm for AL and less than 0, 0.25, or 0.50 diopters for SER. Models that included mCT changes at 3 months alone had acceptable predictive discrimination of satisfactory myopia control over 12 months, with areas under the curve of 0.710-0.786. The predictive performance of the models did not significantly improve after adding age, gender, and baseline AL or SER. CONCLUSIONS This analysis from a multicenter RCT found RLRL induced sustained choroidal thickening over the full course of treatment. Macular choroidal thickness changes at 3 months alone can predict 12-month myopia control efficacy with reasonable accuracy. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yixiong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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22
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Microvasculature evaluation of anisometropic amblyopia children by Angio-OCT. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2780. [PMID: 36797301 PMCID: PMC9935915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare and assess the choroidal and retinal microstructural vascularity in amblyopic eyes with the fellow eyes in anisometropic amblyopic children using angiography optical coherence tomography (Angio-OCT). Twenty-seven children (54 eyes; 5.59 ± 1.08 years old; 59.3% girls) were enrolled in this study. Choroidal thickness (CT) was measured with the use of the enhanced depth imaging mode in Angio-OCT. Parafoveal/peripapillary vascular density indices and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size were analyzed by MATLAB code programming on Angio-OCT images. The mean FAZ size of the amblyopic eyes were larger both in superficial and deep capillary plexus layer (SCPL/DCPL). Compared with the contralateral eyes (BCVA were normal), all the vascular density indices of SCPL and DCPL in the parafoveal and peripapillary zones were lower in the amblyopic eyes, however, the difference was insignificant (p > 0.05). No significant decrease was observed in four quadrants analyses of the amblyopic eyes (p > 0.05). Except for the measurement at 2000 µm and 1500 µm from the fovea in temple, CT in amblyopic eyes were significantly thicken than the fellow eyes (p < 0.05). Compared with the fellow eyes, the CT of certain areas were thicker in the amblyopic eyes. Though the FAZ size of the amblyopic eyes was larger in SCPL/DCPL layers, the retinal vascular density indices in SCPL/DCPL were lower in amblyopia eyes without statistical difference. Angio-OCT may be an effective way to evaluate the status of the choroidal and retinal vascular system in amblyopic children.
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23
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Gao L, Zhou Y, Liu G. Comments on "Effects of refractive accommodation on subfoveal choroidal thickness in silicone oil-filled eyes" BMC Ophthalmology (2022) 22:107 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-022-02332-y. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:479. [PMID: 36482314 PMCID: PMC9732979 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, 139 Xingfujie, Weifang, 261000 Shandong China ,grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Zhengda Guangming International Eye Reserch Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Zhengda Guangming International Eye Reserch Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangsen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, 139 Xingfujie, Weifang, 261000 Shandong China
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24
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Liu S, Chen T, Chen B, Liu Y, Lu X, Li J. Lrpap1 deficiency leads to myopia through TGF-β-induced apoptosis in zebrafish. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:162. [PMID: 36261846 PMCID: PMC9580148 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frameshift mutations in LRPAP1 are responsible for autosomal recessive high myopia in human beings but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the effect of LRPAP1 defect on ocular refractive development and its involved mechanism. METHODS A lrpap1 mutant zebrafish line with homozygous frameshift mutation was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The ocular refractive phenotype was analyzed by calculating the relative refractive error (RRE) with vivo photography and histological analysis at different development stages, together with examining ocular structure change via transmission electron microscopy. Further, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. The potentially involved signaling pathway as well as the interacted protein were investigated in vivo. RESULTS The lrpap1 homozygous mutant zebrafish line showed myopic phenotype. Specifically, the mutant lines showed larger eye axial length-to-body length in one-month old individuals and a myopic shift with an RRE that changed after two months. Collagen fibers became thinning and disordered in the sclera. Further, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicated that apoptosis signaling was activated in mutant line; this was further confirmed by acridine orange and TUNEL staining. Moreover, the expression of TGF-β protein was elevated in the mutant lines. Finally, the treatment of wild-type embryos with a TGF-β agonist aggravated the degree of eyeball apoptosis; conversely, the use of a TGF-β inhibitor mitigated apoptosis in mutant embryos. CONCLUSION The study provides functional evidence of a link between lrpap1 and myopia, suggesting that lrpap1 deficiency could lead to myopia through TGF-β-induced apoptosis signaling. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Chen
- grid.459579.30000 0004 0625 057XDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- grid.413107.0Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Lu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Li
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu J, Wei H, Yang Z, Hao Y, Wang G, Li T, Yu T, Liao H, Bao B, Wu Q, Bi H, Guo D. Enhanced Apoptosis in Choroidal Tissues in Lens-Induced Myopia Guinea Pigs by Activating the RASA1 Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:5. [PMID: 36205991 PMCID: PMC9578543 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the role of the RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) signaling pathway in apoptosis in choroid tissues from guinea pigs with negative lens-induced myopia (LIM). Methods Biometric measurements were performed to examine refractive status, ocular parameters, and choroidal thickness (ChT) after myopia induction. The choroidal morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TUNEL assay. The expression of the RASA1 signaling pathway at the mRNA and protein levels in choroidal tissues was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot assays. Results Compared with the normal control (NC) group, the ocular length of the guinea pigs in LIM increased remarkably, as did the myopic refraction. ChT decreased after myopia induction. H&E staining showed that the thickness and laxity of the choroidal tissues in LIM were strikingly reduced. The number of apoptotic cells in the LIM eyes was increased. Moreover, qPCR and western blot assays showed that the expression levels of both RASA1 and BCL-2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) were higher in the LIM group than in the NC group, whereas the expression level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) was decreased after 2 weeks of experimental myopia. However, the trend of RASA1, BAD, and BCL-2 expression was reversed after 4 weeks of experimental myopia compared with levels after 2 weeks of experimental myopia. Conclusions Results showed that the RASA1 signaling pathway is activated in choroid tissues in myopic guinea pigs. Activated RASA1 signaling induces high BAD expression and low BCL-2 expression, which in turn promotes apoptosis and ultimately causes ChT thinning in myopic guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Wei
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yixian Hao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tuling Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huiping Liao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxin Wu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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26
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Zhang Y, Jeong H, Mori K, Ikeda SI, Shoda C, Miwa Y, Nakai A, Chen J, Ma Z, Jiang X, Torii H, Kubota Y, Negishi K, Kurihara T, Tsubota K. Vascular endothelial growth factor from retinal pigment epithelium is essential in choriocapillaris and axial length maintenance. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac166. [PMID: 36714840 PMCID: PMC9802415 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Myopia, which prevalence is rapidly increasing, causes visual impairment; however, the onset mechanism of pathological axial length (AL) elongation remains unclear. A highly vascularized choroid between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and sclera not only maintains physiological activities, but also contributes to ocular development and growth regulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted from the RPE to the choroid is essential for retinal function and maintenance of the choriocapillaris. Herein, we demonstrated that the loss of VEGF secreted from the RPE caused abnormal choriocapillaris development and AL elongation, with features similar to those of the lens-induced myopia (LIM) mouse model, whereas VEGF overexpression by knocking-out von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) specific to the RPE expands the choriocapillaris and shortens the AL. Additionally, LDL Receptor Related Protein 2 (LRP2) deletion in the RPE downregulated VEGF expression and leads to pathological AL elongation. Furthermore, high-myopia patients without choriocapillaris demonstrated longer ALs than did those with preserved choriocapillaris. These results suggest that physiological secretion of VEGF from the RPE is required for proper AL development by maintaining the choriocapillaris. The pinpoint application of VEGF to the choriocapillaris may become a potential intervention for the prevention and treatment of axial myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Heonuk Jeong
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiwako Mori
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Chiho Shoda
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi City, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Miwa
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Aichi Animal Eye Clinic, 3 Chome-17-3 Honjitori, Minami Ward, Nagoya, Aichi 457-0074, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi City, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Junhan Chen
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ziyan Ma
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Tsubota Laboratory Inc., 34 Shinanomachi, 304 Toshin Shinanomachi Ekimae Building, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
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Chen X, Li Q, Liu L. Personalized Predictive Modeling of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness Changes for Myopic Adolescents after Overnight Orthokeratology. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081316. [PMID: 36013265 PMCID: PMC9410041 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness after orthokeratology are crucial in myopia retardation; this study aimed to identify the risk factors that could be incorporated into a predictive model for subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) that would provide further personalized and clinically specific information for myopia control. A one-year prospective study was conducted in the West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Basic information (age, gender, and height) was collected from all subjects. Initial spherical equivalent, axial length, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured, and the ocular environmental factors were also collected. All the measured parameters were recorded in the follow-up period for one year. After the analysis of univariate analysis, statistically significant factors were substituted into the multivariate three-level model. Thirty-three adolescents aged 8−14 years old were enrolled in this study; the results show that the subfoveal choroidal thickness in both eyes changed significantly after 12 months of lens wearing (pR < 0.0001, pL < 0.0001). The axial length was negatively correlated with the change in the SFChT after 12 months of lens wearing (r = −0.511, p = 0.002). After multilevel model analysis, the statistically significant factor was shown to have an important influence on the changes in the subfoveal choroidal thickness, which was the average near-work time. This suggested that the SFChT personal predictions can be made regarding changes in myopic adolescents after orthokeratology using the factor of daily average near-work time. Clinical practitioners will benefit from the results by obtaining a better understanding of the effects of orthokeratology on choroid and myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Chen
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The Laboratory of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The Laboratory of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Prieto-Garrido FL, Villa-Collar C, Hernandez-Verdejo JL, Alvarez-Peregrina C, Ruiz-Pomeda A. Changes in the Choroidal Thickness of Children Wearing MiSight to Control Myopia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133833. [PMID: 35807117 PMCID: PMC9267297 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the importance of choroidal thickness in the development of myopia, this study examined the effect of MiSight contact lenses (CLs) on the choroidal thickness of myopic children and the differences between responders and non-responders to the treatment with these CLs. Methods: A total of 41 myopic children were fitted with MiSight CLs and 33 with single-vision spectacles. They were followed up for two years. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal thickness 1 and 3 mm temporal and nasal to the fovea were measured by OCT at baseline and one and two years after the treatment. Differences in all the choroidal thickness parameters were assessed in each group over time. Patients from the MiSight group were classified based on a specific range of changes in axial length at the end of the second year of treatment as “responders” (AL change < 0.22 mm/per year) and “non-responders”, and the choroidal thickness of both groups was analyzed. Results: The subfoveal choroidal thickness of the MiSight and single-vision spectacle groups did not show any changes over time. Wearing MiSight CLs induced relative choroidal thickening in the responder group in the first year of treatment. Conclusion: Choroidal thickness might work as a predictor of the effectiveness of MiSight in myopia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Luis Prieto-Garrido
- Hospital Universitario del Henares, Fundación para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, FIIB HUIS HHEN, 28822 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cesar Villa-Collar
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain;
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Prousali E, Haidich AB, Dastiridou A, Tzamalis A, Ziakas N, Mataftsi A. Part-time Versus Full-time Spectacles for Myopia Control (ParMA Study): A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cureus 2022; 14:e25995. [PMID: 35720776 PMCID: PMC9202340 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Cevher S, Üçer MB, Şahin T. How does anisometropia affect the choroidal vascularity index? Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2043-2049. [PMID: 35647979 PMCID: PMC9359273 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3092_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and morphological features of the choroid in anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 39 patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopic patients and 33 eyes of 33 healthy control participants were involved. These participants were examined in terms of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), central macular thickness (CMT), choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), LA/SA ratio, and CVI. All parameters were compared between amblyopic eyes, healthy fellow eyes, and healthy control eyes. The Shapiro–Wilk tests, Chi-square test, the paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Pearson/Spearman correlation tests were used. Results: In the hyperopic patients; SE, subfoveal CT, nasal CT, temporal CT, TCA, LA, SA, and CMT were greater in amblyopic eyes than in healthy fellow eyes and control eyes (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively), and CVI, LA/SA ratio, and AL were smaller in amblyopic eyes than in healthy fellow eyes and control eyes ([P < 0.001, P = 0.006], P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). In the myopic patients, subfoveal CT, nasal CT, temporal CT, TCA, LA, SA values were statistically smaller in amblyopic eyes than in healthy eyes and control eyes ([P < 0.001, P = 0.002), [P = 0.004, P = 0.012], [P = 0.012, P = 0.032], [P < 0.001, P = 0.013], [P < 0.001, P = 0.024], and [P < 0.001, P = 0.047], respectively). The differences in the AL and choroidal parameters were due to myopia and hyperopia. Conclusion: The choroidal structural parameters of the amblyopic eyes were different from that of the healthy eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Cevher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Barış Üçer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minister of Health Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Şahin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Çorum, Turkey
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Hou J, Zheng D, Wen X, Xiao W, Han F, Lang H, Xiong S, Jiang W, Hu Y, He M, Long P. Proteomic and Morphological Profiling of Mice Ocular Tissue During High-altitude Acclimatization Process: An Animal Study at Lhasa. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2835-2853. [PMID: 35645575 PMCID: PMC9135145 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s361174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High-altitude environment mainly with hypobaric hypoxia could induce pathological alterations in ocular tissue. Previous studies have mostly focused on sporadic case reports and simulated high-altitude hypoxia experiments. This aim of this study was to explore the proteomic and morphological changes of ocular tissue in mice at real altitude environment. Methods In this study, mice were flown from Chengdu (elevation: 500 m) to Lhasa (elevation: 3600 m). After exposure for 1day, 3, 6, 10, 20, 30, and 40days, the mice were euthanatized to obtain blood and ocular tissue. Serological tests, ocular pathological examinations, integral ocular proteomics analysis, and Western blot were conducted. Results We focused on acute phase (1–3 days) and chronic phase (>30 days) during high-altitude acclimatization. Serum interleukin-1 was increased at 3 days, while superoxide dismutase, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α showed no statistical changes. H&E staining demonstrated that the cornea was edematous at 3 days and exhibited slower proliferation at 30 days. The choroid showed a consistently significant thickening, while there existed no noticeable changes in retinal thickness. Overall, 4073 proteins were identified, among which 71 and 119 proteins were detected to have significant difference at 3 days and 40 days when compared with the control group. Functional enrichment analysis found the differentiated proteins at 3 days exposure functionally related with response to radiation, dephosphorylation, negative regulation of cell adhesion, and erythrocyte homeostasis. Moreover, the differential profiles of the proteins at 40 days exposure exhibited changes of regulation of complement activation, regulation of protein activation cascade, regulation of humoral immune response, second-messenger-mediated signaling, regulation of leukocyte activation, and cellular iron homeostasis. Interestingly, we found the ocular proteins with lactylation modification were increased along high-altitude adaptation. Conclusion This is the first work reporting the ocular proteomic and morphological changes at real high-altitude environment. We expect it would deep the understanding of ocular response during altitude acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Lang
- The Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital & the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Yonghe Hu, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North First Section of the Second Ring Road, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-138-8059-6789, Email
| | - Mengshan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Pan Long, Department of Ophthalmology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue #270, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-181-9125-6132, Email
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An Evaluation of Choroidal and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thicknesses Using SD-OCT in Children with Childhood IgA Vasculitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040901. [PMID: 35453949 PMCID: PMC9029835 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses in children undergoing the childhood IgA vasculitis (IgAV). Methods: Fifty-two patients with IgAV aged 1−6 years and 54 healthy children were included. Cases’ age, sex, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), RNFL thicknesses, and choroidal thickness values were recorded. Results: Median foveal center choroidal thickness was 374.0 µm (315.0 to 452.0 µm) in the IgAV group and 349.5 µm (285.0 to 442.0 µm) in the control group (p = 0.001). Median average RNFL thickness was 110.0 µm (91.0 to 134.0 µm) in the IgAV group and 104.0 µm (89.0 to 117.0 µm) in the control group (p < 0.001). Choroidal and RNFL thicknesses were significantly greater in all quadrants in the IgAV group than in the control group. No correlation was determined between ESR or CRP and foveal center choroidal and average RNFL thicknesses. Conclusions: Our findings show that choroidal and RNFL thicknesses increased significantly in children undergoing childhood IgA vasculitis compared to the healthy control group. These findings show that the choroid and RNFL are also affected by the inflammatory process in IgAV, which is a systemic vasculitis. We think that the choroidal and RNFL thicknesses can be used as a biomarker for childhood IgAV.
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Prousali E, Haidich AB, Tzamalis A, Ziakas N, Mataftsi A. 'The role of accommodative function in myopic development: A review.'. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 37:455-461. [PMID: 34821535 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.2006724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Involvement of the accommodative mechanism in myopia progression has been hypothesised and investigated over the past years, given the emerging myopia crisis across the globe. This review aimed at exploring the clinical role of accommodative function in myopia development.Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed from conception to May 2021.Results:The initial stimulus for accommodation is derived from near work, in an attempt of the eye to obtain a clear image. When there is a lag in the accommodative response, the resulting blurred retinal image is believed to precipitate axial elongation and lead to myopia development. The dynamic accommodative functions implicated in binocular vision evaluation include the accommodative accuracy, amplitude and facility. Association of these accommodative parameters to current treatment options for myopia control is of great clinical interest. Effective myopia treatments, including orthokeratology, multifocal lenses and atropine eyedrops appear to induce changes in the dynamic accommodative response.Conclusions: Current knowledge indicates an evident relationship between the accommodative mechanism and myopia development. Further investigation by future studies is warranted in order to explore the use of accommodative function as a promising myopia-monitoring tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Prousali
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Argyrios Tzamalis
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Ziakas
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asimina Mataftsi
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang P, Chen S, Liu Y, Lin F, Song Y, Li T, Aung T, Zhang X. Lowering Intraocular Pressure: A Potential Approach for Controlling High Myopia Progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:17. [PMID: 34787640 PMCID: PMC8606873 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia is among the most common causes of vision impairment, and it is mainly characterized by abnormal elongation of the axial length, leading to pathologic changes in the ocular structures. Owing to the close relationship between high myopia and glaucoma, the association between intraocular pressure (IOP) and high myopia progression has garnered attention. However, whether lowering IOP can retard the progression of high myopia is unclear. On reviewing previous studies, we suggest that lowering IOP plays a role in progressive axial length elongation in high myopia, particularly in pathologic myopia, wherein the sclera is more remodeled. Based on the responses of the ocular layers, we further proposed the potential mechanisms. For the sclera, lowering the IOP could inhibit the activation of scleral fibroblasts and then reduce scleral remodeling, and a decrease in the scleral distending force would retard the ocular expansion like a balloon. For the choroid, lowering IOP results in an increase in choroidal blood perfusion, thereby reducing scleral hypoxia and slowing down scleral remodeling. The final effect of these pathways is slowing axial elongation and the development of scleral staphyloma. Further animal and clinical studies regarding high myopia with varied degree of IOP and the changes of choroid and sclera during IOP fluctuation in high myopia are needed to verify the role of IOP in the pathogenesis and progression of high myopia. It is hoped that this may lead to the development of a prospective treatment option to prevent and control high myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shida Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuozhang Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore National Eye Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang J, Ye X, She X, Xu J, Chen Y, Tao J, Ye X, Shen L. Choroidal remodeling distribution pattern in the macular region in Chinese young patients with myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:369. [PMID: 34663240 PMCID: PMC8524998 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of myopia has been found to be associated with the blood supply of the choroid. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the distribution pattern of choroidal remodeling and the degree of myopia in young patients. Methods Young patients (age < 18 years) with the spherical equivalent of less than − 12 diopters (D) were included. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) modality was used to measure the choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in the macular regions. CVI was calculated as the proportion of luminal area to choroidal area and was measured within 1 mm and 3 mm nasal (N1 and N3), temporal (T1 and T3), superior (S1 and S3), and inferior (I1 and I3) to the foveal center. CVI was compared across different ages (i.e., 5 ~ 9 years, 10 ~ 13 years, and 14 ~ 18 years), axial lengths (ALs) (i.e., 21.00 ~ 25.00 mm and 25.01 ~ 29.00 mm), and spherical equivalents (SEs) (i.e., SE > -0.5D, − 0.5 ~ − 3.0D, − 3.01 ~ − 6.0D, and < − 6.0D). Linear regression analysis was applied to assess the association between independent (i.e., age, AL, SE, and intraocular pressure) and dependent variables (i.e., CVI of different regions). Results One hundred sixty-four eyes from 85 volunteers were included. The mean CT in the central foveal was 269.87 ± 63.32 μm (93.00 μm to 443.00 μm). The mean subfoveal-CVI was 67.66 ± 2.40% (57.84 to 79.60%). Multiple linear regression results revealed significant correlations between SE and T1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.082, β = 0.194), N1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.039, β = 0.212). Simple linear regression results revealed that T1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.09) and T3-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.05) were negatively correlated with SE; N1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.05) and N3-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.04) were negatively correlated with SE. Conclusions CVI in the horizontal meridian underwent the largest change as myopia worsened. Temporal and nasal CVIs within the r = 1 mm, and r = 3 mm subfoveal range were positively associated with the degree of myopia in young patients. The CVI value may be used to assess the vascular status of the choroid and be a potential marker of myopic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun She
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqi Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiwei Tao
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinjie Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Swiatczak B, Schaeffel F. Emmetropic, But Not Myopic Human Eyes Distinguish Positive Defocus From Calculated Blur. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:14. [PMID: 33687476 PMCID: PMC7960797 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Defocus blur imposed by positive lenses can induce hyperopia, whereas blur imposed by diffusers induces deprivation myopia. It is unclear whether the retina can distinguish between both conditions when the magnitude of blur is matched. Methods Ten emmetropic (average 0.0 ± 0.3 diopters [D]) and 10 subjects with myopia (−2.7 ± 0.9 D; 24 ± 4 years) watched a movie on a large screen (65 inches at 2 meters (m) distance. The movie was presented either unfiltered (“control”), with calculated low-pass filtering equivalent to a defocus of 2.5 D, or with binocular real optical defocus of +2.5 D. Spatial filtering was done in real-time by software written in Visual C++. Axial length was followed with the Lenstar LS-900 with autopositioning system. Results Watching unfiltered movies (“control”) caused no changes in axial length. In emmetropes, watching movies with calculated defocus caused axial eye elongation (+9.8 ± 7.6 µm) while watching movies with real positive defocus caused shorter eyes (−8.8 ± 9.2 µm; difference between both P < 0.0001). In addition, in myopes, calculated defocus caused longer eyes (+8.4 ± 9.0 µm, P = 0.001). Strikingly, myopic eyes became also longer with positive defocus (+9.1 ± 11.2 µm, P = 0.02). The difference between emmetropic and myopic eyes was highly significant (−8.8 ± 9.2 µm vs. +9.1 ± 11.2 µm, respectively, P = 0.001). Conclusions (1) In emmetropic human subjects, the retina is able to distinguish between real positive defocus and calculated defocus even when the modulation transfer function was matched, (2) in myopic eyes, the retina no longer distinguishes between both conditions because the eyes became longer in both cases. Results suggest that the retina in a myopic eye has reduced ability to detect positive defocus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Swiatczak
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schaeffel
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Zeiss Vision Lab, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Prousali E, Seliniotaki AK, Ziakas N, Mataftsi A. Comment on the Article: Choroidal Thickness in Pediatric Populations. J Curr Ophthalmol 2021; 33:96-97. [PMID: 34084966 PMCID: PMC8102951 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_32_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Prousali
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Ziakas
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asimina Mataftsi
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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