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Alotaibi BS, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, Abd-Elhakim YM, Noreldin AE, Elhamouly M, Khamis T, El-Far AH, Alosaimi ME, Dahran N, Alqahtani LS, Nicotra M, El-Gamal M, Di Cerbo A. Exploring the link between pyrethroids exposure and dopaminergic degeneration through morphometric, immunofluorescence, and in-silico approaches: the therapeutic role of chitosan-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388784. [PMID: 38751787 PMCID: PMC11094265 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The synthetic pyrethroid derivative fenpropathrin (FNE), a commonly used insecticide, has been associated with various toxic effects in mammals, particularly neurotoxicity. The study addressed the hallmarks of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease upon oral exposure to fenpropathrin (FNE), mainly the alteration of dopaminergic markers, oxidative stress, and molecular docking in rat models. In addition, the protective effect of curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CRM-Chs-NPs) was also assessed. Methods: In a 60-day trial, 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, CRM-Chs-NPs (curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles), FNE (15 mg/kg bw), and FNE + CRM-Chs-NPs. Results: FNE exposure induced reactive oxygen species generation, ATP production disruption, activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, mitochondrial function and dynamics impairment, neurotransmitter level perturbation, and mitophagy promotion in rat brains. Molecular docking analysis revealed that FNE interacts with key binding sites of dopamine synthesis and transport proteins. On the other hand, CRM-Chs-NPs mitigated FNE's toxic effects by enhancing mitochondrial dynamics, antioxidant activity, and ATP production and promoting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses. Conclusion: In summary, FNE appears to induce dopaminergic degeneration through various mechanisms, and CRM-Chs-NPs emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for protecting the nervous tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Elhamouly
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Manal E. Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena S. Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Nicotra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Mohamed El-Gamal
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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Arsuffi-Marcon R, Souza LG, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV. Neurotoxicity of Pyrethroids in neurodegenerative diseases: From animals' models to humans' studies. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110911. [PMID: 38367681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with diverse symptoms, both motor and mental. Genetic and environmental factors can trigger neurodegenerative diseases. Chemicals as pesticides are constantly used in agriculture and also domestically. In this regard, pyrethroids (PY), are a class of insecticides in which its main mechanism of action is through disruption of voltage-dependent sodium channels function in insects. However, in mammals, they can also induce oxidative stress and enzyme dysfunction. This review investigates the association between PY and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Autism in animal models and humans. Published works using specific and non-specific models for these diseases were selected. We showed a tendency toward the development and/or aggravating of these neurodegenerative diseases following exposure to PYs. In animal models, the biochemical mechanisms of the diseases and their interaction with the insecticides are more deeply investigated. Nonetheless, only a few studies considered the specific model for each type of disease to analyze the impacts of the exposure. The choice of a specific model during the research is an important step and our review highlights the knowledge gaps of PYs effects using these models reinforcing the importance of them during the design of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arsuffi-Marcon
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Gomes Souza
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigações NeuroCardíacas, Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (LINC CMMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Wang A, Wan Y, Mahai G, Qian X, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Association of Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate, Pyrethroid, and Neonicotinoid Insecticides with Child Neurodevelopment at 2 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107011. [PMID: 37856202 PMCID: PMC10586492 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread insecticide exposure might be a risk factor for neurodevelopment of our children, but few studies examined the mixture effect of maternal coexposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPPs), pyrethroids (PYRs), and neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment, and critical windows of exposure are unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the association of prenatal exposure to multiple insecticides with children's neurodevelopment and to identify critical windows of the exposure. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited into a prospective birth cohort study in Wuhan, China, from 2014-2017. Eight metabolites of OPPs (mOPPs), three metabolites of PYRs (mPYRs), and nine metabolites of NNIs (mNNIs) were measured in 3,123 urine samples collected at their first, second, and third trimesters. Children's neurodevelopment [mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI)] was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 2 years of age (N = 1,041 ). Multivariate linear regression models, generalized estimating equation models, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to estimate the association between the insecticide metabolites and Bayley scores. Potential sex-specific associations were also examined. RESULTS Single chemical analysis suggested higher urinary concentrations of some insecticide metabolites at the first trimester were significantly associated with lower MDI and PDI scores, and the associations were more prominent among boys. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed urinary concentrations of two mOPPs, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 4-nitrophenol, was associated with a decrease of 3.16 points [95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.59 , - 0.74 ] and 3.06 points (95% CI: - 5.45 , - 0.68 ) respectively in boys' MDI scores. Each 1-unit increase in that of trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (trans-DCCA; an mPYR) was significantly associated with a decrease of 2.24 points (95% CI: - 3.89 , - 0.58 ) in boys' MDI scores and 1.90 points (95% CI: - 3.16 , - 0.64 ) in boys' PDI scores, respectively. Significantly positive associations of maternal urinary biomarker concentrations [e.g., dimethyl phosphate (a nonspecific mOPP) and desmethyl-clothianidin (a relatively specific mNNI)] with child neurodevelopment were also observed. Using repeated holdout validation, a 1-quartile increase in the WQS index of the insecticide mixture (in the negative direction) at the first trimester was significantly associated with a decrease of 3.02 points (95% CI: - 5.47 , - 0.57 ) in MDI scores among the boys, and trans-DCCA contributed the most to the association (18%). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to higher levels of certain insecticides and their mixture were associated with lower Bayley scores in children, particularly in boys. Early pregnancy may be a sensitive window for such an effect. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Sivagurunathan N, Gnanasekaran P, Calivarathan L. Mitochondrial Toxicant-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease: What We Know so Far. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 13:1-13. [PMID: 36726995 PMCID: PMC9885882 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s361526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neuronal cells in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. During biological aging, neuronal cells slowly undergo degeneration, but the rate of cell death increases tremendously under some pathological conditions, leading to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases. By the time symptoms of PD usually appear, more than 50 to 60% of neuronal cells have already been destroyed. PD symptoms often start with tremors, followed by slow movement, stiffness, and postural imbalance. The etiology of PD is still unknown; however, besides genetics, several factors contribute to neurodegenerative disease, including exposure to pesticides, environmental chemicals, solvents, and heavy metals. Postmortem brain tissues of patients with PD show mitochondrial abnormalities, including dysfunction of the electron transport chain. Most chemicals present in our environment have been shown to target the mitochondria; remarkably, patients with PD show a mild deficiency in NADH dehydrogenase activity, signifying a possible link between PD and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of electron transport complexes generates free radicals that further attack the macromolecules leading to neuropathological conditions. Apart from that, oxidative stress also causes neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration due to the activation of microglial cells. However, the mechanism that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, especially the electron transport chain, in the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. This review discusses the recent updates and explains the possible mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicant-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Priyadharshini Gnanasekaran
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India,Correspondence: Latchoumycandane Calivarathan, Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology (Sponsored by DST-FIST), School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India, Tel +91-6381989116, Email
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Brahadeeswaran S, Lateef M, Calivarathan L. An Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Mitochondrial Toxicant-induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:63-75. [PMID: 35125081 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220203163631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting approximately 1% of the world's population at the age of 50 and above. Majority of PD cases are sporadic and show symptoms after the age of 60 and above. At that time, most of the dopaminergic neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta have been degenerated. Although in past decades, discoveries of genetic mutations linked to PD have significantly impacted our current understanding of the pathogenesis of this devastating disorder, it is likely that the environment also plays a critical role in the etiology of sporadic PD. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that exposure to environmental agents, including a number of agricultural and industrial chemicals, may contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and several forms of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and PD. Interestingly, substantia nigra of patients with PD has been shown to have a mild deficiency in mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) activity. This review discusses the role of mitochondrial toxicants in the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons targeting the electron transport system that leads to Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Brahadeeswaran
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur - 610005, India
| | - Mohammad Lateef
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Nunar Campus, Ganderbal - 191201, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur - 610005, India
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Kessi M, Duan H, Xiong J, Chen B, He F, Yang L, Ma Y, Bamgbade OA, Peng J, Yin F. Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder updates. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:925049. [PMID: 36211978 PMCID: PMC9532551 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.925049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that commonly occurs in children with a prevalence ranging from 3.4 to 7.2%. It profoundly affects academic achievement, well-being, and social interactions. As a result, this disorder is of high cost to both individuals and society. Despite the availability of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of ADHD, the pathogenesis is not clear, hence, the existence of many challenges especially in making correct early diagnosis and provision of accurate management. Objectives We aimed to review the pathogenic pathways of ADHD in children. The major focus was to provide an update on the reported etiologies in humans, animal models, modulators, therapies, mechanisms, epigenetic changes, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Methods References for this review were identified through a systematic search in PubMed by using special keywords for all years until January 2022. Results Several genes have been reported to associate with ADHD: DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DAT1, TPH2, HTR1A, HTR1B, SLC6A4, HTR2A, DBH, NET1, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, CHRNA4, CHRNA7, GAD1, GRM1, GRM5, GRM7, GRM8, TARBP1, ADGRL3, FGF1, MAOA, BDNF, SNAP25, STX1A, ATXN7, and SORCS2. Some of these genes have evidence both from human beings and animal models, while others have evidence in either humans or animal models only. Notably, most of these animal models are knockout and do not generate the genetic alteration of the patients. Besides, some of the gene polymorphisms reported differ according to the ethnic groups. The majority of the available animal models are related to the dopaminergic pathway. Epigenetic changes including SUMOylation, methylation, and acetylation have been reported in genes related to the dopaminergic pathway. Conclusion The dopaminergic pathway remains to be crucial in the pathogenesis of ADHD. It can be affected by environmental factors and other pathways. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how environmental factors relate to all neurotransmitter pathways; thus, more studies are needed. Although several genes have been related to ADHD, there are few animal model studies on the majority of the genes, and they do not generate the genetic alteration of the patients. More animal models and epigenetic studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Haolin Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Olumuyiwa A. Bamgbade
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Yin,
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Wan F, Yu T, Hu J, Yin S, Li Y, Kou L, Chi X, Wu J, Sun Y, Zhou Q, Zou W, Zhang Z, Wang T. The pyrethroids metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid induces dopaminergic degeneration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156027. [PMID: 35605864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pyrethroids, a significant class of the most widely used agricultural chemicals, has been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, although many different pyrethroids induce roughly the same symptoms of Parkinsonism, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To find the shared key features among these mechanisms, we focused on 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a common and prominent metabolite of most pyrethroids produced via hydrolysis by CEs in mammals. To determine the contribution of 3-PBA to the initiation and progression of PD, we performed in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively, and found that 3-PBA not only accumulates in murine brain tissues over time but also further induces PD-like pathologies (increased α-syn and phospho-S129, decreased TH) to the same or even greater extent than the precursor pyrethroid. A before-after study of PET-DAT in the same mice revealed that low concentrations of 3-PBA (0.5 mg/kg) could paradoxically cause DAT to increase (22.46% higher than pre-drug test). The intervention of DAT inhibitors and activators respectively alleviated and enhanced the dopaminergic toxicity of 3-PBA, indicating that 3-PBA interacts with DAT. In particular, low concentrations of 3-PBA increase the DAT, which in turn induces 3-PBA to enter the dopaminergic neurons to exert toxic effects. Finally, we described a mechanism underlying this potential role of 3-PBA in the pathological aggregation of α-syn. Specifically, 3-PBA was found to dysregulate C/EBP β levels and further anomalously activate AEP in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by increased accumulation of pathologically cleaved α-syn (N103 fragments) and accelerated α-syn aggregation. All these results suggest that 3-PBA exposure could mimic the pathological and pathogenetic features of PD, showing that this metabolite is a key pathogenic compound in pyrethroid-related pathological effects and a possible dopamine neurotoxin. Additionally, our findings provide a crucial reference for the primary prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunna Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Sreelekha K, Pious A, Kartha HS, Nair SN, Ravindran R, Juliet S, Ghosh S. Effects of flumethrin on the germinative cells of engorged females of Rhipicephalus annulatus. Exp Parasitol 2022; 239:108304. [PMID: 35690094 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chemical acaricides are widely used for the effective control of ticks in India. The synthetic pyrethroids, are one of the most popular chemical acaricides with selective neurotoxic potential. Flumethrin is a type II synthetic pyrethroid used extensively in veterinary practice in India. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of flumethrin on the engorged females of Rhipicephalus annulatus using entomological parameters, histology, electron microscopy and relative quantification of receptors of dopamine and GABAB mRNAs. Adult immersion test (AIT) using flumethrin (100 ppm), revealed twenty per cent mortality of ticks, hundred per cent inhibition of fecundity and complete blocking of hatching of the laid eggs. Microscopic analysis of the structure of the ovaries after 24 h of treatment with flumethrin (90 ppm) revealed changes, viz., reduction in size with the presence of amorphous material inside stage I oocytes, wrinkled boundary and chromatin fragmentation of nucleus of stage II oocytes, vacuoles around the germinal vesicle, thickening of the nuclear membrane and chromatin clumping of stage III oocytes and reduction in size and shape of mature stage IV and V oocytes. Also, a large number of vacuoles were observed throughout the pedicel cell region of stage II and III oocytes. Ultrastructurally, irregular nuclear membrane, swelling as well as crystolysis of mitochondria and detachment of external and internal layers of the basal lamina of oocytes were the major structural alterations confirming direct damaging effects of flumethrin on the germinative cells. The relative quantification of the expression of dopamine D1, dopamine D2 and GABAB receptors by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT PCR), revealed the upregulation of dopamine D1 receptor and downregulation of receptors of dopamine D2 and GABAB in the ovary of treated ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanapadinchareveetil Sreelekha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, P. O., Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India
| | - Anu Pious
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, P. O., Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India
| | - Harikumar S Kartha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, P. O., Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India
| | - Suresh N Nair
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, P. O., Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India
| | - Reghu Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, P. O., Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India.
| | - Sanis Juliet
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, P. O., Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India
| | - Srikanta Ghosh
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
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Ayed-Boussema I, Hamdi H, Chaabani H, M’nassri A, Mokni M, Abid S. Fenpyroximate induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Wistar rat brain and in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells: involvement of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:177-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Caioni G, Cimini A, Benedetti E. Food Contamination: An Unexplored Possible Link between Dietary Habits and Parkinson’s Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071467. [PMID: 35406080 PMCID: PMC9003245 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance of a healthy lifestyle in maintaining the population’s well-being and health, especially in terms of balanced nutrition, is well known. Food choice of and dieting habits could impact disease management, which is especially true for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, nowadays, it is not that simple to maintain a balance in nutrition, and the idea of a healthy diet tends to fade as the consequence of a western lifestyle. This should not only be dealt with in the context of food choice, but also from an environmental point of view. What we put into our bodies is strictly related to the quality of ecosystems we live in. For these reasons, attention should be directed to all the pollutants, which in many cases, we unknowingly ingest. It will be necessary to explore the interaction between food and environment, since human activity also influences the raw materials destined for consumption. This awareness can be achieved by means of an innovative scientific approach, which involves the use of new models, in order to overcome the traditional scientific investigations included in the study of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-243-3267
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11
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Lee KS, Lim YH, Lee YA, Shin CH, Kim BN, Hong YC, Kim JI. The association of prenatal and childhood pyrethroid pesticide exposure with school-age ADHD traits. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107124. [PMID: 35134717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used in residential settings, and their use has increased rapidly. Although research has been scarce, they have been reported to be associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Moreover, susceptible exposure windows and the long-term effects of pyrethroids have not been investigated. We examined the association between pyrethroid exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms over time, with exposure windows spanning from the prenatal period to school-age. METHODS Using 524 mother-child pairs, we measured urinary concentrations of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a major pyrethroid metabolite, and asked parents to fill-out the ADHD Rating Scale IV (ARS). We used Poisson regression to identify the susceptible periods of pyrethroid exposure, by correlating various 3-PBA exposure windows (prenatal, ages 2, 4, 6 and 8) with ADHD symptoms at ages 6 and 8. RESULTS Doubling of prenatal and age 2 3-PBA concentrations was associated with increased ADHD symptoms at age 6 (2.7% change, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3, 5.2; 5.2% change [95% CI: 0.5, 10.2], respectively). The 3-PBA concentrations at age 4 and age 6 were linked with ADHD symptoms at age 8 (2.7% change [95% CI: 0.3, 5.3]; 3.3% change [95% CI: 0.2, 6.4], respectively). There were no clear sex-specific patterns in association. DISCUSSION Both prenatal and early-childhood exposure to 3-PBA were found to be associated with ADHD symptoms. Exposure during pregnancy, and at ages 2 to 6 were found to be susceptible periods for pyrethroid neurotoxicity at ages 6 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Research Institue for Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Hernández‐Jerez A, Adriaanse P, Aldrich A, Berny P, Coja T, Duquesne S, Focks A, Marinovich M, Millet M, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Tiktak A, Topping C, Widenfalk A, Wilks M, Wolterink G, Crofton K, Hougaard Bennekou S, Paparella M, Tzoulaki I. Development of Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) case studies on developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) risk assessment. EFSA J 2021. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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13
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Pitzer EM, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Effects of pyrethroids on brain development and behavior: Deltamethrin. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106983. [PMID: 33848594 PMCID: PMC8440325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a Type II pyrethroid pesticide widely used in agriculture, homes, public spaces, and medicine. Epidemiological studies report that increased pyrethroid exposure during development is associated with neurobehavioral disorders. This raises concern about the safety of these chemicals for children. Few animal studies have explored the long-term effects of developmental exposure to DLM on the brain. Here we review the CNS effects of pyrethroids, with emphasis on DLM. Current data on behavioral and cognitive effects after developmental exposure are emphasized. Although, the acute mechanisms of action of DLM are known, how these translate to long-term effects is only beginning to be understood. But existing data clearly show there are lasting effects on locomotor activity, acoustic startle, learning and memory, apoptosis, and dopamine in mice and rats after early exposure. The most consistent neurochemical findings are reductions in the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D1 receptor. The data show that DLM is developmentally neurotoxic but more research on its mechanisms of long-term effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Pitzer
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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14
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Varma N, Singh A, Ravi VK, Thakur M, Kumar S. Deltamethrin modulates the native structure of Hen Egg White Lysozyme and induces its aggregation at physiological pH. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111646. [PMID: 33652208 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin, a type II pyrethroid pesticide was initially considered as safe for human use. Recent studies have reported several pathophysiological effects of deltamethrin on human and non-human species. However, its effect on structure and function of protein leading to progressive neurodegeneration is poorly understood. In present study, we investigated the interaction of deltamethrin with Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) at physiological pH and tried to understand the effect of pesticide on structure and function of protein. Employing different biophysical techniques, we shown that deltamethrin induces in vitro aggregation of HEWL in concentration dependent manner. Interaction of pesticide with different amino acids, followed by exposure of hydrophobic regions was driving force of aggregation process. Apart from modulating the hydrophobic domain, deltamethrin is observed to reduce α-helical and promote β-sheet content of lysozyme, eventually converting the globular protein into ThT sensitive amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates. Our study also indicate that deltamethrin induced aggregation reduces the catalytic activity of lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakant Varma
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 007, India(1)
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 007, India(1); Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 053, India
| | - Vijay K Ravi
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Mithapur, Patna, Bihar, 800 001, India
| | - Mukesh Thakur
- Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 053, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Laboratory of Forensic Biology and Biotechnology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 007, India(1).
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15
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Yu T, Wan F, Liu C, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhang J, Xiong J, Wang T, Zhang Z. Asparagine endopeptidase inhibitor protects against fenpropathrin-induced neurodegeneration via suppressing α-synuclein aggregation and neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173586. [PMID: 32971086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fenpropathrin (Fen), one of the most widely used pyrethroid pesticides, has been reported to increase the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Fen-induced Parkinsonism remain unknown. Here we investigated the role of the lysosomal protease asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) in Fen-induced neurodegeneration and tested the protective effect of an AEP inhibitor Compound #11 (CP11). Fen induced AEP activation, α-synuclein aggregation, and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration both in vitro and in vivo. CP11 alleviated Fen-induced cell injury in cultured SH-SY5Y cells and A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice. CP11 protected SH-SY5Y cells against Fen-induced toxicity and decreased α-synuclein aggregation in HEK293 cells stably transfected with α-synuclein. In Fen-treated mice, CP11 attenuated the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and reduced neuroinflammation. Our findings demonstrate that neurodegeneration in Fen-treated models might be attributed to the activation of AEP. AEP might be a novel therapeutic target in PD induced by Fen and other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Jichun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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16
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Lee WS, Lim YH, Kim BN, Shin CH, Lee YA, Kim JI, Hong YC, Kim KN. Residential pyrethroid insecticide use, urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid levels, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like symptoms in preschool-age children: The Environment and Development of Children study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109739. [PMID: 32504851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous animal studies have reported that pyrethroids can cause dopamine system abnormalities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) phenotypes. However, epidemiological studies investigating the associations between pyrethroid exposure and ADHD are limited. We aimed to investigate the association between pyrethroid exposure and ADHD-like symptoms among preschool-age children. We used data from 385 children at 4 years of age participating in the Environment and Development of Children (EDC) study. We evaluated pyrethroid exposure through questionnaires and urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) concentrations. We assessed ADHD-like symptoms using the Korean ADHD rating scale (K-ARS). We conducted negative binomial regressions to evaluate the associations between pyrethroid exposure and ADHD-like symptoms. Residential use of insecticide adhesive (β = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.74) and insecticide spray (β = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.59) was associated with an increase in log-transformed creatinine-adjusted urinary 3-PBA concentrations. Residential insecticide adhesive use was associated with a 51.6% increase in K-ARS scores (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3, 116.1) among boys, when compared with non-users. When compared with creatinine-adjusted 3-PBA levels <0.50 μg/g creatinine, creatinine-adjusted 3-PBA levels ≥3.80 μg/g creatinine were associated with a 58% increase in K-ARS scores (95% CI: 0.1, 150.5) among boys. We found associations of residential pyrethroid insecticide use and urinary 3-PBA concentrations with K-ARS scores among preschool-age boys. Since the present study explored cross-sectional associations in preschool-age children, the possibility of reverse causality cannot be dismissed. Further studies implementing a cohort study design are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Seok Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Combined neurodevelopmental exposure to deltamethrin and corticosterone is associated with Nr3c1 hypermethylation in the midbrain of male mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 80:106887. [PMID: 32348866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and manifests inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms in childhood that can last throughout life. Genetic and environmental studies implicate the dopamine system in ADHD pathogenesis. Work from our group and that of others indicates that deltamethrin insecticide and stress exposure during neurodevelopment leads to alterations in dopamine function, and we hypothesized that exposure to both of these factors together would lead to synergistic effects on DNA methylation of key genes within the midbrain, a highly dopaminergic region, that could contribute to these findings. Through targeted next-generation sequencing of a panel of cortisol and dopamine pathway genes, we observed hypermethylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, Nr3c1, in the midbrain of C57/BL6N males in response to dual deltamethrin and corticosterone exposures during development. This is the first description of DNA methylation studies of Nr3c1 and key dopaminergic genes within the midbrain in response to a pyrethroid insecticide, corticosterone, and these two exposures together. Our results provide possible connections between environmental exposures that impact the dopamine system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via changes in DNA methylation and provides new information about the presence of epigenetic effects in adulthood after exposure during neurodevelopment.
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18
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Abd El-Moneim Ibrahim K, Mohamed Abdelrahman S, K A Elhakim H, Ali Ragab E. Single or combined exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin provoke oxidative stress and downregulation in monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase gene expression of the rat's brain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12692-12703. [PMID: 32006337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extensive uses of organophosphates and pyrethroids have made it necessary to investigate the neurotoxicity of their combination as they may implicate in the neurodegenerative syndromes. Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression in the rat brain were evaluated after independent and combined intoxications with chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. Twenty-four mature male rats were equally distributed into four groups. The first one was kept as a control group, whereas the second, third and fourth were orally gavage with chlorpyrifos (16.324 mg/kg), cypermethrin (25.089 mg/kg) and their combination (9.254 mg/kg), respectively, for 4 weeks. As compared to the control group, intoxications with chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin revealed significant (P < 0.05) declines in the levels of brain neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin) plus the enzymatic activities of MAO-A, AChE and sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase. The mRNA genes expression of MAO-A and AChE have also confirmed the enzymatic actions. Moreover, the oxidative injury recorded as the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide markedly increased (P < 0.01), while the total thiol content reduced and the histopathological outcomes have confirmed these impacts. In conclusion, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin revealed antagonistic inhibitions on the brain MAO-A and AChE gene regulation through neurotransmission deteriorations and oxidative damage, which could describe their contributions in the neuropathological progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairy Abd El-Moneim Ibrahim
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.
| | | | - Heba K A Elhakim
- Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman Ali Ragab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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19
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Vester AI, Chen M, Marsit CJ, Caudle WM. A Neurodevelopmental Model of Combined Pyrethroid and Chronic Stress Exposure. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020024. [PMID: 31052489 PMCID: PMC6630986 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood and previous studies indicate the dopamine system plays a major role in ADHD pathogenesis. Two environmental exposures independently associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and ADHD risk include exposure to deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, and chronic stress. We hypothesized that combined neurodevelopmental exposure to both deltamethrin and corticosterone (CORT), the major stress hormone in rodents, would result in additive changes within the dopamine system. To study this, we developed a novel dual exposure paradigm and exposed pregnant C57BL/6 dams to 3 mg/kg deltamethrin through gestation and weaning, and their offspring to 25 μg/mL CORT dissolved in the drinking water through adulthood. Midbrain RNA expression as well as striatal and cortical protein expression of key dopaminergic components were investigated, in addition to ADHD-like behavioral tasks and electrochemical dopamine dynamics via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Given the well-described sexual dimorphism of ADHD, males and females were assessed separately. Males exposed to deltamethrin had significantly decreased midbrain Pitx3 expression, decreased cortical tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, increased activity in the Y maze, and increased dopamine uptake rate in the dorsal striatum. These effects did not occur in males exposed to CORT only, or in males exposed to both deltamethrin and CORT, suggesting that CORT may attenuate these effects. Additionally, deltamethrin- and CORT-exposed females did not display these dopaminergic features, which indicates these changes are sex-specific. Our results show dopaminergic changes from the RNA through the functional level. Moreover, these data illustrate the importance of testing multiple environmental exposures together to better understand how combined exposures that occur in certain vulnerable populations could affect similar neurodevelopmental systems, as well as the importance of studying sex differences of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée I Vester
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Merry Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders on the rise, it is imperative to identify and understand the mechanisms by which environmental contaminants can impact the developing brain and heighten risk. Here, we report on recent findings regarding novel mechanisms of developmental neurotoxicity and highlight chemicals of concern, beyond traditionally defined neurotoxicants. RECENT FINDINGS The perinatal window represents a critical and extremely vulnerable period of time during which chemical insult can alter the morphological and functional trajectory of the developing brain. Numerous chemical classes have been associated with alterations in neurodevelopment including metals, solvents, pesticides, and, more recently, endocrine-disrupting compounds. Although mechanisms of neurotoxicity have traditionally been identified as pathways leading to neuronal cell death, neuropathology, or severe neural injury, recent research highlights alternative mechanisms that result in more subtle but consequential changes in the brain and behavior. These emerging areas of interest include neuroendocrine and immune disruption, as well as indirect toxicity via actions on other organs such as the gut and placenta. Understanding of the myriad ways in which the developing brain is vulnerable to chemical exposures has grown tremendously over the past decade. Further progress and implementation in risk assessment is critical to reducing risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Izumi H, Ishimoto T, Yamamoto H, Mori H. Bioluminescence imaging of Arc expression in mouse brain under acute and chronic exposure to pesticides. Neurotoxicology 2019; 71:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Proteasome inhibition by MG-132 protects against deltamethrin-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampus. Life Sci 2019; 220:76-83. [PMID: 30695709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Deltamethrin (DM), a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in agriculture and home pest control. The evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to public health. However, the molecular mechanism of DM-induced neurodegenerative disease is still far from clear. This study was designed to investigate the potential role of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in DM-induced neurotoxicity where the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 could mitigate the neurotoxic effects. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two batches. The first batch of rats was administrated with a single dose of DM (12.5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injections (i.p.) and the animals were then euthanized at 5, 24, and 48 h post injection. The second batch was treated as follow: control group, DM (12.5 mg/kg) groups for 24 h, MG-132 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 2 h plus DM 24 h group, and MG-132 alone group. Ubiqutinatied proteins, DNA damage and apoptosis were investigated. KEY FINDINGS DM treatment induced the ubiquitinated proteins expression with the peaks at 5 h. Moreover, DM increased DNA damage, early apoptotic rate, the expression level of Cleaved Caspase-3, caspase-3 activity and decreased the expression level of Bcl-2 at DM 24 h group. Compared to DM 24 h group, MG-132 pretreatment significantly down-regulated ubiquitinated proteins, lowered the DNA damage and apoptosis by decreasing Caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that MG-132 effectively alleviates DM-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by inhibiting ubiquitinated proteins. UPS may play a role in DM-induced neurodegenerative disorders.
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Chrustek A, Hołyńska-Iwan I, Dziembowska I, Bogusiewicz J, Wróblewski M, Cwynar A, Olszewska-Słonina D. Current Research on the Safety of Pyrethroids Used as Insecticides. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E61. [PMID: 30344292 PMCID: PMC6174339 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins extracted from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. They are 2250 times more toxic to insects than to vertebrates due to insects' smaller size, lower body temperature and more sensitive sodium channels. In particular, three pyrethroid compounds, namely deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin, are commonly used as insecticides and are recommended for in-home insect control because they are considered to be relatively non-toxic to humans in all stages of life. However, recent data show that they are not completely harmless to human health as they may enter the body through skin contact, by inhalation and food or water, and absorption level depending on the type of food. Permethrin seems to have an adverse effect on fertility, the immune system, cardiovascular and hepatic metabolism as well as enzymatic activity. Deltamethrin induces inflammation, nephro- and hepatotoxicity and influences the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tissues. Alpha-cypermethrin may impair immunity and act to increase glucose and lipid levels in blood. The aim of the review is to provide comprehensive information on potential hazards associated to human exposure to deltamethrin, permethrin and alpha-cypermethrin. The results of presented studies prove that the insecticides must be used with great caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chrustek
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Torun, Poland.
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Torun, Poland.
| | - Inga Dziembowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Torun, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bogusiewicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-089 Torun, Poland.
| | - Marcin Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Torun, Poland.
| | - Anna Cwynar
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Torun, Poland.
| | - Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Torun, Poland.
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Yang Y, Liu W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xu W, Tao L. The different effects of natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin on human hepatocyte QSG7701 cells by ROS-mediated oxidative damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24230-24240. [PMID: 29948706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of natural pyrethrins and pyrethroids to defend pest insects, people had the sustained interest in the potential risk to environment and human health. However, the research about natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin induction of cytotoxicity is still seldom. This study is about the cytotoxic effects of these on human non-target cells in vitro. The cytotoxic effect of natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin on QSG7701 cells were researched by using various bioassays in vitro. The results suggested that with the natural pyrethrin concentration increased, the viability of QSG7701 cells were inhibited increasingly, and the IC50 value as calculated was approximately 42.54 and 18.68 μg/mL after the cells were treated 24 and 48 h. The proliferative potential of QSG7701 cells treated with 40 μg/mL natural pyrethrins 6 and 12 h was decreased by 67.44 and 94.74%, dramatic enhancement ROS, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA exhibit severity of impairment, and chromatin DNA condensation. However, beta-cypermethrin has lower toxicity than natural pyrethrins. The IC50 values of beta-cypermethrin were all > 80 μg/mL, and the colony formation expression was decreased by 15.26 and 19.09%, which implied that natural pyrethrins are more significantly cytotoxic and potentially genotoxic to human hepatocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Medicine Hospital Imaging Center, Wei fang traditional Chinese hospital, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Çayir A, Coskun M, Coskun M, Cobanoglu H. DNA damage and circulating cell free DNA in greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:161-169. [PMID: 29130594 DOI: 10.1002/em.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides widely used in agriculture and other applications have been linked to cancer and other diseases through several potential mechanisms. The goals of this study were to assess DNA damage in lymphocytes by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN), and to measure circulating cell free DNA (ccf-DNA) in the blood of pesticide-exposed greenhouse workers and matched controls living in the same area. CBMN was applied to peripheral blood lymphocyte samples taken at different times (spring and autumn) for each individual. We measured plasma ccf-DNA levels using a Qubit® fluorometer. The results indicated that the MNL, BNMN, and NBUDs frequencies of pesticide-exposed individuals were significantly higher than non-exposed individuals. Apart from MNL, BNMN and CBPI, a season-related effect was found for the NPB and NBUD frequencies. With MNL and BNMN as the dependent variables, multiple regression analysis showed that age and gender affected MN formation. The ccf-DNA level in the pesticide-exposed group was significantly higher than the control group. There was no seasonal variation regarding the free DNA amount. Ccf-DNA in males was found to be higher than females. The MNL, BNMN, NPB, and CBPI did not correlate with the ccf-DNA amount. It can be concluded that pesticide exposure can modulate DNA integrity via different mechanisms. Also, elevated levels of ccf-DNA could be recommended as a biomarker of pesticide exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:161-169, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Çayir
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Coskun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Munevver Coskun
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hayal Cobanoglu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Baskar MK, Murthy PB. Acute in vitro neurotoxicity of some pyrethroids using microelectrode arrays. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 47:165-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Helley MP, Pinnell J, Sportelli C, Tieu K. Mitochondria: A Common Target for Genetic Mutations and Environmental Toxicants in Parkinson's Disease. Front Genet 2017; 8:177. [PMID: 29204154 PMCID: PMC5698285 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurological movement disorder. Since its first discovery 200 years ago, genetic and environmental factors have been identified to play a role in PD development and progression. Although genetic studies have been the predominant driving force in PD research over the last few decades, currently only a small fraction of PD cases can be directly linked to monogenic mutations. The remaining cases have been attributed to other risk associated genes, environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions, making PD a multifactorial disorder with a complex etiology. However, enormous efforts from global research have yielded significant insights into pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for PD. This review will highlight mitochondrial dysfunction as a common pathway involved in both genetic mutations and environmental toxicants linked to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Helley
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Pinnell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Sportelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the study was to discuss the main mechanisms associated with environmental and genetic factors that contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). RECENT FINDINGS Novel genetic contributors to PD are being identified at a rapid pace in addition to novel environmental factors. The discovery of mutations in alpha-synuclein and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 causing inherited forms of PD along with epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo studies identifying herbicides, pesticides, and metals as risk factors have dramatically improved our understanding of mechanisms involved in the development of PD. However, at the same time, these discoveries have also added layers of complexity to the disease. Within the last several years, the genetics associated with PD has dominated the field in many ways; however, the majority of PD cases are likely due to different combinations of environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility. The most common toxicants used to model PD including rotenone, paraquat, and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine have been shown to interact with many of the genes linked with PD such as alpha-synuclein. Therefore, an understanding of mechanisms common between genetic and environmental factors is essential for early detection and successful translation of potential therapies, which is the ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, RGE, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
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Fournier K, Baumont E, Glorennec P, Bonvallot N. Relative toxicity for indoor semi volatile organic compounds based on neuronal death. Toxicol Lett 2017; 279:33-42. [PMID: 28709981 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are contaminants commonly found in dwellings as a result of their use as plasticizers, flame retardants, or pesticides in building materials and consumer products. Many SVOCs are suspected of being neurotoxic, based on mammal experimentation (impairment of locomotor activity, spatial learning/memory or behavioral changes), raising the question of cumulative risk assessment. The aim of this work is to estimate the relative toxicity of such SVOCs, based on neuronal death. METHOD SVOCs fulfilling the following conditions were included: detection frequency >10% in dwellings, availability of data on effects or mechanism of action for neurotoxicity, and availability of dose-response relationships based on cell viability assays as a proxy of neuronal death. Benchmark concentration values (BMC) were estimated using a Hill model, and compared to assess relative toxicity. RESULTS Of the 58 SVOCs selected, 28 were suspected of being neurotoxic in mammals, and 21 have been documented as inducing a decrease in cell viability in vitro. 13 have at least one dose-response relationship that can be used to derive a BMC based on a 10% fall in neuronal viability. Based on this in vitro endpoint, PCB-153 appeared to be the most toxic compound, having the lowest BMC10 (0.072μM) and diazinon the least toxic compound, having the highest BMC10 (94.35μM). We showed that experimental designs (in particular choice of cell lines) had a significant influence on BMC calculation. CONCLUSION For the first time, the relative in vitro toxicity of 13 indoor contaminants belonging to different chemical families has been assessed on the basis of neuronal cell viability. Lack of comparable toxicity datasets limits the number of SVOCs that can be included. More standardized protocols in terms of cell lines, species and exposure duration should be developed with a view to cumulative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fournier
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Emmanuel Baumont
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
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Dhuriya YK, Srivastava P, Shukla RK, Gupta R, Singh D, Parmar D, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Prenatal exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin alters brain dopaminergic signaling in developing rats. Toxicology 2017; 386:49-59. [PMID: 28495607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study is focused to decipher the molecular mechanisms associated with dopaminergic alterations in corpus striatum of developing rats exposed prenatally to lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a new generation type II synthetic pyrethroid. There was no significant change in the mRNA and protein expression of DA-D1 receptors at any of the doses of LCT (0.5, 1 and 3mg/kg body weight) in corpus striatum of developing rats exposed prenatally to LCT on PD22 and PD45. Prenatal exposure to LCT (1 and 3mg/kg body weight) resulted to decrease the levels of mRNA and protein of DA-D2 receptors in corpus stratum of developing rats on PD22 as compared to controls. Decrease in the binding of 3H-Spiperone in corpus striatum, known to label DA-D2 receptors was also distinct in developing rats on PD22. These rats also exhibited decrease in the expression of proteins - TH, DAT and VMAT2 involved in pre-dopaminergic signaling. Further, decrease in the expression of DARPP-32 and pCREB associated with increased expression of PP1α was evident in developing rats on PD22 as compared to controls. Interestingly, a trend of recovery in the expression of these proteins was observed in developing rats exposed to LCT at moderate dose (1.0mg/kg body weight) while alteration in the expression of these proteins continued to persist in those exposed at high dose (3.0mg/kg body weight) on PD45 as compared to respective controls. No significant change in the expression of any of these proteins was observed in corpus striatum of developing rats prenatally exposed to LCT at low dose (0.5mg/kg body weight) on PD22 and PD45 as compared to respective controls. The results provide interesting evidence that alterations in dopaminergic signaling on LCT exposure are due to selective changes in DA-D2 receptors in corpus striatum of developing rats. Further, these changes could be attributed to impairment in spontaneous motor activity on LCT exposure in developing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh K Dhuriya
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow Campus, India
| | - Pranay Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Central Animal Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya B Pant
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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31
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Sarty KI, Cowie A, Martyniuk CJ. The legacy pesticide dieldrin acts as a teratogen and alters the expression of dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor 2a in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 194:37-47. [PMID: 28163252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dieldrin (DLD) is a lipophilic pesticide that shows environmental persistence. The objectives were to determine the effects of DLD on GABAergic and dopaminergic systems in developing zebrafish. Both chorionated and dechorionated embryos (~24h post-hatch) were exposed to a single concentration of DLD (0.347-3470μM) for 48h. Following exposure, a subset of larvae was placed into clean water for 6days (i.e. depuration phase). Chorionated embryos showed <15% mortality while dechorionated embryos showed higher mortality (>30%), suggesting that the chorion protected the embryos. Over a 6day depuration phase, there was a dose dependent effect observed in both the "dechorionated and chorionated embryo" treatments for larval mortality (>60%). At the end of depuration, there was no detectable change in neuro-morphological endpoints that included the ratio of notochord length to body length (%) and the ratio of head area to body area (%). However, DLD did induce cardiac edema, skeletal deformities, and tremors. GABA-related transcripts were not affected in abundance by DLD. Conversely, the relative mRNA levels of dopamine transporter (dat1) and dopamine receptor drd2a mRNA were decreased in dechorionated, but not chorionated, embryos. These data suggest that DLD can alter the expression of transcripts related to dopaminergic signaling. Lastly, GABAA receptor subunits gabrB1 and gabrB2, as well as dopamine receptors drd1 and drd2a, were inherently higher in abundance in dechorionated embryos compared to chorionated embryos. This is an important consideration when incorporating transcriptomics into embryo testing as expression levels can change with removal of the chorion prior to exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Chorion/physiology
- Dieldrin/toxicity
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryonic Development/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Insecticides/toxicity
- Larva/drug effects
- Larva/growth & development
- Larva/metabolism
- Osmolar Concentration
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Teratogens/toxicity
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/growth & development
- Zebrafish/physiology
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleena I Sarty
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Andrew Cowie
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada.
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Oxidative stress and gene expression profiling of cell death pathways in alpha-cypermethrin-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2151-2164. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nandipati S, Litvan I. Environmental Exposures and Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090881. [PMID: 27598189 PMCID: PMC5036714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects millions around the world. The Braak hypothesis proposes that in PD a pathologic agent may penetrate the nervous system via the olfactory bulb, gut, or both and spreads throughout the nervous system. The agent is unknown, but several environmental exposures have been associated with PD. Here, we summarize and examine the evidence for such environmental exposures. We completed a comprehensive review of human epidemiologic studies of pesticides, selected industrial compounds, and metals and their association with PD in PubMed and Google Scholar until April 2016. Most studies show that rotenone and paraquat are linked to increased PD risk and PD-like neuropathology. Organochlorines have also been linked to PD in human and laboratory studies. Organophosphates and pyrethroids have limited but suggestive human and animal data linked to PD. Iron has been found to be elevated in PD brain tissue but the pathophysiological link is unclear. PD due to manganese has not been demonstrated, though a parkinsonian syndrome associated with manganese is well-documented. Overall, the evidence linking paraquat, rotenone, and organochlorines with PD appears strong; however, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and polychlorinated biphenyls require further study. The studies related to metals do not support an association with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Nandipati
- Department of Neurosciences Movement Disorders Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences Movement Disorders Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Vester A, Caudle WM. The Synapse as a Central Target for Neurodevelopmental Susceptibility to Pesticides. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4030018. [PMID: 29051423 PMCID: PMC5606656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The developmental period of the nervous system is carefully orchestrated and highly vulnerable to alterations. One crucial factor of a properly-functioning nervous system is the synapse, as synaptic signaling is critical for the formation and maturation of neural circuits. Studies show that genetic and environmental impacts can affect diverse components of synaptic function. Importantly, synaptic dysfunction is known to be associated with neurologic and psychiatric disorders, as well as more subtle cognitive, psychomotor, and sensory defects. Given the importance of the synapse in numerous domains, we wanted to delineate the effects of pesticide exposure on synaptic function. In this review, we summarize current epidemiologic and molecular studies that demonstrate organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid pesticide exposures target the developing synapse. We postulate that the synapse plays a central role in synaptic vulnerability to pesticide exposure during neurodevelopment, and the synapse is a worthy candidate for investigating more subtle effects of chronic pesticide exposure in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Vester
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Patel R, Bradner JM, Stout KA, Caudle WM. Alteration to Dopaminergic Synapses Following Exposure to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS), in Vitro and in Vivo. Med Sci (Basel) 2016; 4:medsci4030013. [PMID: 29083377 PMCID: PMC5635798 DOI: 10.3390/medsci4030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the contribution exposure to environmental toxicants has on neurological disease continues to evolve. Of these, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been shown to have a strong environmental component to its etiopathogenesis. However, work is still needed to identify and characterize environmental chemicals that could alter the expression and function of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Of particular interest is the neurotoxicological effect of perfluorinated compounds, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which has been demonstrated to alter aspects of dopamine signaling. Using in vitro approaches, we have elaborated these initial findings to demonstrate the neurotoxicity of PFOS to the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and dopaminergic primary cultured neurons. Using an in vivo model, we did not observe a deficit to dopaminergic terminals in the striatum of mice exposed to 10 mg/kg PFOS for 14 days. However, subsequent exposure to the selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) significantly reduced the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and resulted in an even greater reduction in DAT expression in animals previously exposed to PFOS. These findings suggest that PFOS is neurotoxic to the nigrostriatal dopamine circuit and this neurotoxicity could prime the dopamine terminal to more extensive damage following additional toxicological insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patel
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Kristen A Stout
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - William Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Rodríguez JL, Ares I, Castellano V, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Effects of exposure to pyrethroid cyfluthrin on serotonin and dopamine levels in brain regions of male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 146:388-394. [PMID: 26826775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cyfluthrin oral exposure (1, 5, 10 and 20mg/kg bw, 6 days) on brain region monoamine levels of male rats were examined. Cyfluthrin-treated rats (1, 5 and 10mg/kg bw, orally 6 days), had no visible injury, i.e., no clinical signs of dysfunction were observed. However, rats treated with cyfluthrin at the highest dose (20mg/kg bw, orally 6 days) showed skeletal muscle contraction in the hind limbs, slight movement incoordination without any signs of dyskinesia and tremor after 1-2h of treatment. These signs were reversible at 6h after dose. After last dose of cyfluthrin, dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolites levels were determined in brain regions hypothalamus, midbrain, hippocampus, striatum and prefrontal cortex by HPLC. Cyfluthrin (1mg/kg bw, orally 6 days) did not affect the DA, 5-HT and metabolites levels in the brain regions studied. Cyfluthrin (5, 10 and 20mg/kg bw, orally 6 days) caused a statistically significant decrease in DA and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA levels and in 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA levels in a brain region- and dose-related manner. Moreover, cyfluthrin (20mg/kg bw, orally 6 days) evoked a statistically significant increase in 5-HT turnover in striatum and midbrain, and in DA turnover in striatum and prefrontal cortex. These findings indicate that serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission is affected by exposure to cyfluthrin and may contribute to the overall spectrum of neurotoxicity caused by this pyrethroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodríguez
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Ares
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - V Castellano
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Martínez
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M R Martínez-Larrañaga
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Anadón
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M A Martínez
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Syed F, Chandravanshi LP, Khanna VK, Soni I. Beta-cyfluthrin induced neurobehavioral impairments in adult rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 243:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Brinzer RA, Henderson L, Marchiondo AA, Woods DJ, Davies SA, Dow JAT. Metabolomic profiling of permethrin-treated Drosophila melanogaster identifies a role for tryptophan catabolism in insecticide survival. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 67:74-86. [PMID: 26474926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides and associated synergists are rapidly losing efficacy in target insect pest populations making the discovery of alternatives a priority. To discover novel targets for permethrin synergists, metabolomics was performed on permethrin-treated Drosophila melanogaster. Changes were observed in several metabolic pathways including those for amino acids, glycogen, glycolysis, energy, nitrogen, NAD(+), purine, pyrimidine, lipids and carnitine. Markers for acidosis, ammonia stress, oxidative stress and detoxification responses were also observed. Many of these changes had not been previously characterized after permethrin exposure. From the altered pathways, tryptophan catabolism was selected for further investigation. The knockdown of some tryptophan catabolism genes (vermilion, cinnabar and CG6950) in the whole fly and in specific tissues including fat body, midgut and Malpighian tubules using targeted RNAi resulted in altered survival phenotypes against acute topical permethrin exposure. The knockdown of vermilion, cinnabar and CG6950 in the whole fly also altered survival phenotypes against chronic oral permethrin, fenvalerate, DDT, chlorpyriphos and hydramethylnon exposure. Thus tryptophan catabolism has a previously uncharacterized role in defence against insecticides, and shows that metabolomics is a powerful tool for target identification in pesticide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Brinzer
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Louise Henderson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Shireen A Davies
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Julian A T Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Wagner-Schuman M, Richardson JR, Auinger P, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Epstein JN, Yolton K, Froehlich TE. Association of pyrethroid pesticide exposure with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children. Environ Health 2015; 14:44. [PMID: 26017680 PMCID: PMC4458051 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid pesticides cause abnormalities in the dopamine system and produce an ADHD phenotype in animal models, with effects accentuated in males versus females. However, data regarding behavioral effects of pyrethroid exposure in children is limited. We examined the association between pyrethroid pesticide exposure and ADHD in a nationally representative sample of US children, and tested whether this association differs by sex. METHODS Data are from 8-15 year old participants (N = 687) in the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Exposure was assessed using concurrent urinary levels of the pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). ADHD was defined by either meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition criteria on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) or caregiver report of a prior diagnosis. ADHD symptom counts were determined via the DISC. Multivariable logistic regression examined the link between pyrethroid exposure and ADHD, and poisson regression investigated the link between exposure and ADHD symptom counts. RESULTS Children with urinary 3-PBA above the limit of detection (LOD) were twice as likely to have ADHD compared with those below the LOD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.42; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 5.57). Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms increased by 50 % for every 10-fold increase in 3-PBA levels (adjusted count ratio 1.50; 95 % CI 1.03, 2.19); effects on inattention were not significant. We observed possible sex-specific effects: pyrethroid biomarkers were associated with increased odds of an ADHD diagnosis and number of ADHD symptoms for boys but not girls. CONCLUSIONS We found an association between increasing pyrethroid pesticide exposure and ADHD which may be stronger for hyperactive-impulsive symptoms compared to inattention and in boys compared to girls. Given the growing use of pyrethroid pesticides, these results may be of considerable public health import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Wagner-Schuman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, EOHSI 340, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Peggy Auinger
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-2, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Simon Fraser University, 3415 Ash Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Jeffery N Epstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Tanya E Froehlich
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Crago J, Schlenk D. The effect of bifenthrin on the dopaminergic pathway in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:66-72. [PMID: 25781393 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin is a type I pyrethroid pesticide, which has been shown to increase plasma estrogen concentrations in several fish models. The mechanism of action by which bifenthrin alters 17β-estradiol (E2) is unclear. E2 biosynthesis is regulated through pituitary follicle stimulating hormone, which is directly controlled by hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH2). Since dopaminergic signaling significantly influences GnRH2 release in fish, the goal of the study was to determine the effect of a 96 h and 2 weeks exposure to bifenthrin on dopaminergic signaling in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RT). Our results indicated that a decrease in dopamine receptor 2A (DR2A) expression was associated with a trend toward an increase in plasma E2 following exposure at 96 h and 2 weeks, and a significant increase in the relative expression of vitellogenin mRNA at 2 weeks. DR2A mRNA expression decreased 426-fold at 96 h and 269-fold at 2 weeks in the brains of 1.5 ppb (3.55 pM) bifenthrin treated RT. There was an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase transcript levels at 96 h, which is indicative of dopamine production in the brains of the 1.5 ppb (3.55 pM) bifenthrin treated RT. A significant increase in the relative expression of GnRH2 was observed at 96 h but a significant decrease was noted after 2 weeks exposure indicating potential feedback loop activation. These results indicate that the estrogenic-effects of bifenthrin may result in part from changes in signaling within the dopaminergic pathway, but that other feedback pathways may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Crago
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environment Studies, University California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Kung TS, Richardson JR, Cooper KR, White LA. Developmental Deltamethrin Exposure Causes Persistent Changes in Dopaminergic Gene Expression, Neurochemistry, and Locomotor Activity in Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:235-43. [PMID: 25912032 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are commonly used insecticides that are considered to pose little risk to human health. However, there is an increasing concern that children are more susceptible to the adverse effects of pesticides. We used the zebrafish model to test the hypothesis that developmental exposure to low doses of the pyrethroid deltamethrin results in persistent alterations in dopaminergic gene expression, neurochemistry, and locomotor activity. Zebrafish embryos were treated with deltamethrin (0.25-0.50 μg/l), at concentrations below the LOAEL, during the embryonic period [3-72 h postfertilization (hpf)], after which transferred to fresh water until the larval stage (2-weeks postfertilization). Deltamethrin exposure resulted in decreased transcript levels of the D1 dopamine (DA) receptor (drd1) and increased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase at 72 hpf. The reduction in drd1 transcripts persisted to the larval stage and was associated with decreased D2 dopamine receptor transcripts. Larval fish, exposed developmentally to deltamethrin, had increased levels of homovanillic acid, a DA metabolite. Since the DA system is involved in locomotor activity, we measured the swim activity of larval fish following a transition to darkness. Developmental exposure to deltamethrin significantly increased larval swim activity which was attenuated by concomitant knockdown of the DA transporter. Acute exposure to methylphenidate, a DA transporter inhibitor, increased swim activity in control larva, while reducing swim activity in larva developmentally exposed to deltamethrin. Developmental exposure to deltamethrin causes locomotor deficits in larval zebrafish, which is likely mediated by dopaminergic dysfunction. This highlights the need to understand the persistent effects of low-dose neurotoxicant exposure during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Kung
- *Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA and
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Keith R Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA and Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lori A White
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA and
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Kumar A, Sasmal D, Sharma N. Immunomodulatory role of piperine in deltamethrin induced thymic apoptosis and altered immune functions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:504-514. [PMID: 25682002 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM), a well-known pyrethroid insecticide, is a potent immunotoxicant. In rodents, it is primarily characterized by marked thymic apoptosis. Mechanism of DLM induced thymic apoptosis in primary murine thymocytes has been recently explored. Oxidative stress and activation of caspase dependent pathways appear to be involved in the DLM induced thymic injury. Thus, for the amelioration of its effect, this study has been designed to first observe the binding affinity of piperine to immune cell receptors and its protective effects on the DLM induced immunotoxicity under in vitro condition. The docking results demonstrated that piperine has good binding affinity towards CD4 and CD8 receptors. In vitro study results have shown that piperine (1, 10 and 50 μg/ml) increased cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. The early activated markers of apoptosis such as enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 activation by DLM was significantly reduced by piperine treatment. GSH depletion induced by DLM has been also restored by piperine treatment. At 18 h, all concentration of piperine (1, 10 and 50 μg/ml) significantly ameliorated the DLM induced apoptosis. Further, DLM induced phenotypic changes were mitigated by the piperine. In addition, piperine also restored the cytokine levels, which were suppressed by DLM treatment. These findings strongly indicate the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and chemo-protective ability of piperine in the DLM induced thymic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - D Sasmal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Furlong M, Tanner CM, Goldman SM, Bhudhikanok GS, Blair A, Chade A, Comyns K, Hoppin JA, Kasten M, Korell M, Langston JW, Marras C, Meng C, Richards M, Ross GW, Umbach DM, Sandler DP, Kamel F. Protective glove use and hygiene habits modify the associations of specific pesticides with Parkinson's disease. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 75:144-50. [PMID: 25461423 PMCID: PMC4272866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and protective gloves and workplace hygiene can reduce pesticide exposure. We assessed whether use of gloves and workplace hygiene modified associations between pesticides and PD. The Farming and Movement Evaluation (FAME) study is a nested case-control study within the Agricultural Health Study. Use of protective gloves, other PPE, and hygiene practices were determined by questionnaire (69 cases and 237 controls were included). We considered interactions of gloves and hygiene with ever-use of pesticides for all pesticides with ≥5 exposed and unexposed cases and controls in each glove-use stratum (paraquat, permethrin, rotenone, and trifluralin). 61% of respondents consistently used protective gloves and 87% consistently used ≥2 hygiene practices. Protective glove use modified the associations of paraquat and permethrin with PD: neither pesticide was associated with PD among protective glove users, while both pesticides were associated with PD among non-users (paraquat OR 3.9 [95% CI 1.3, 11.7], interaction p=0.15; permethrin OR 4.3 [95% CI 1.2, 15.6] interaction p=0.05). Rotenone was associated with PD regardless of glove use. Trifluralin was associated with PD among participants who used <2 hygiene practices (OR 5.5 [95% CI 1.1, 27.1]) but was not associated with PD among participants who used 2 or more practices (interaction p=0.02). Although sample size was limited in the FAME study, protective glove use and hygiene practices appeared to be important modifiers of the association between pesticides and PD and may reduce risk of PD associated with certain pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Furlong
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States; The University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States
| | - Samuel M Goldman
- The University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States
| | | | - Aaron Blair
- National Cancer Institute, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, United States
| | - Anabel Chade
- Favaloro University, Institute of Neuroscience, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kathleen Comyns
- The University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States
| | - Jane A Hoppin
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Meike Kasten
- University of Lubeck, Department of Psychiatry, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Monica Korell
- The University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States
| | - J William Langston
- The Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
| | | | - Cheryl Meng
- San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States; The University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States
| | | | - G Webster Ross
- VA Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - David M Umbach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Dale P Sandler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Freya Kamel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Richardson JR, Taylor MM, Shalat SL, Guillot TS, Caudle WM, Hossain MM, Mathews TA, Jones SR, Cory-Slechta DA, Miller GW. Developmental pesticide exposure reproduces features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. FASEB J 2015; 29:1960-72. [PMID: 25630971 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-260901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated to affect 8-12% of school-age children worldwide. ADHD is a complex disorder with significant genetic contributions. However, no single gene has been linked to a significant percentage of cases, suggesting that environmental factors may contribute to ADHD. Here, we used behavioral, molecular, and neurochemical techniques to characterize the effects of developmental exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin. We also used epidemiologic methods to determine whether there is an association between pyrethroid exposure and diagnosis of ADHD. Mice exposed to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin during development exhibit several features reminiscent of ADHD, including elevated dopamine transporter (DAT) levels, hyperactivity, working memory and attention deficits, and impulsive-like behavior. Increased DAT and D1 dopamine receptor levels appear to be responsible for the behavioral deficits. Epidemiologic data reveal that children aged 6-15 with detectable levels of pyrethroid metabolites in their urine were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. Our epidemiologic finding, combined with the recapitulation of ADHD behavior in pesticide-treated mice, provides a mechanistic basis to suggest that developmental pyrethroid exposure is a risk factor for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Richardson
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michele M Taylor
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Stuart L Shalat
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Thomas S Guillot
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - W Michael Caudle
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Muhammad M Hossain
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany A Mathews
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sara R Jones
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- *Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Xiong J, Zhang X, Huang J, Chen C, Chen Z, Liu L, Zhang G, Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Xiong N, Wang T. Fenpropathrin, a Widely Used Pesticide, Causes Dopaminergic Degeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:995-1008. [PMID: 25575680 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin is one of the widely used pyrethroids in agriculture and household and also reported to have neurotoxic effects in rodent models. In our Parkinson's disease (PD) clinic, there was a unique patient with a history of daily exposure to fenpropathrin for 6 months prior to developing Parkinsonian symptoms progressively. Since whether fenpropathrin is related to any dopaminergic degeneration was unknown, we aimed in this study to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of fenpropathrin on the dopaminergic system and associated mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. In cultured SH-SY5Y cells, fenpropathrin caused cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, Lewy body-associated proteins aggregation, and Lewy body-like intracytoplasmic inclusions formation. In rodent animals, two different injections of fenpropathrin were used for administrations, intraperitoneal (i.p), or stereotaxical (ST). The rats exhibited lower number of pokes 60 days after first i.p injection, while the rats in ST group showed a significant upregulation of apomorphine-evoked rotations 60 days after first injection. Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) immunoreactivity, while increased dopamine transporter (DAT) immunoreactivity were observed in rats of either i.p or ST group 60 days after the last exposure to fenpropathrin. However, the number of TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra was more reduced 120 days after the first i.p injection than those of 60 days. Our data demonstrated that exposure to fenpropathrin could mimic the pathologic and pathogenetic features of PD especially in late onset cases. These results imply fenpropathrin as a DA neurotoxin and a possible environmental risk factor for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chunnuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaolong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Neuroscience Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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Abstract
Organochlorine and pyrethroid compounds represent an old and a new class, respectively, of insecticides. Organochlorines such as DDT, dieldrin, or chlordecone, have been banned, primarily because of environmental issues. DDT is still used in certain countries to fight malaria-bearing mosquitoes, while lindane still finds some limited used against head lice. In contrast, pyrethroids find widespread use because of their efficacy, low environmental persistence, and relatively low mammalian toxicity. Like all insecticides, organochlorines and pyrethroids target the nervous system of insects and of nontarget species. All pyrethroids and DDT interact with the sodium channel; by keeping it open longer, they increase the likelihood of action potentials developing, thus creating a condition of hyperexcitability, whose main clinical sign is tremors. Most other organochlorines (except chlordecone), as well as certain (type II) pyrethroids, block the chloride channels of the GABA-A receptor, and cause seizures. Evidence of an association between exposure to organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease) is weak, at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Abstract
In recent years, the contribution of exposure to environmental toxicants has been recognized as a significant contributor to the etiopathogenesis of parkinsonism. Of these toxicants, exposure to pesticides, metals, solvents used in manufacturing processes, as well as flame-retardant chemicals used in consumer and commercial products, has received the greatest attention as possible risk factors. Related to this, individuals who are exposed to these compounds at high concentrations or for prolonged periods of time in an occupational setting appear to be one of the more vulnerable populations to these effects. Our understanding of which compounds are involved and the potential molecular pathways that are susceptible to these chemicals and may underlie the pathogenesis has greatly improved. However, there are still hundreds of chemicals that we are exposed to in the environment for which we do not have any information on their potential neurotoxicity on the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Thus, using our past accomplishments as a blueprint, future endeavors should focus on elaborating upon these initial findings in order to identify specific and relevant chemical toxicants in our environment that can impact the risk of parkinsonism and work towards a means to attenuate or abolish their effects on the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Galal MK, Khalaf AAA, Ogaly HA, Ibrahim MA. Vitamin E attenuates neurotoxicity induced by deltamethrin in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:458. [PMID: 25439240 PMCID: PMC4265463 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The safety of Deltamethrin (DM) has been raised as a point of concern. The current investigation was envisaged to explore the responsiveness of oxidative stress parameters, DNA fragmentation and expression levels of TP53, cycloxygenase 2 (COX2) and cytochrome p4502E1 (CYP2E1) as toxicological endpoint in rats treated with DM. as well as attention was provided to the neuroprotective effect of vitamin E (VE). Methods Four different groups of rats were used in this study, group I served as control, group II received DM (0.6 mg/kg BW), group III received both DM plus VE and finally group IV received VE only (200 mg/kg BW). The treatment regimen was extending for one month for all groups and the brain tissues were collected for further analysis. Results The obtained results showed a highly statistically significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) content, nitric oxide concentration, and DNA fragmentation percentage and expression level of CYP2E1, TP53 and COX2 genes, in addition statistical significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity in DM treated group as compared to control were detected. Oral administration of VE attenuated the neurotoxic effects of DM through improvement of oxidative status, DNA fragmentation percentage and suppressing the expression level of CYP2E1, TP53 and COX2 genes. Conclusion From this study we concluded that VE supplementation has beneficial impacts on DM neurotoxicity in rats through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.
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Quirós-Alcalá L, Mehta S, Eskenazi B. Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and parental report of learning disability and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children: NHANES 1999-2002. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1336-42. [PMID: 25192380 PMCID: PMC4256700 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1308031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of pyrethroid insecticides has increased dramatically over the past decade; however, data on their potential health effects, particularly on children, are limited. OBJECTIVE We examined the cross-sectional association between postnatal pyrethroid exposure and parental report of learning disability (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-15 years of age. METHODS Using logistic regression, we estimated associations of urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides with parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD in 1,659-1,680 children participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002). RESULTS The prevalence rates of parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD were 12.7%, 10.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. Metabolite detection frequencies for 3-PBA [3-phenoxybenzoic acid], cis-DCCA [cis-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid], and trans-DCCA [trans-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] were 77.1%, 35.6%, and 33.9%, respectively. The geometric mean 3-PBA concentration was 0.32 μg/L (median = 0.31 μg/L; interquartile rage = 0.10-0.89 μg/L). cis- and trans-DCCA 75th-percentile concentrations were 0.21 μg/L and 0.68 μg/L, respectively. Log10-transformed 3-PBA concentrations were associated with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51) for parent-reported LD, 1.16 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.58) for ADHD, and 1.45 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.27) for both LD and ADHD. Adjusted ORs remained nonsignificant and decreased after controlling for creatinine and other environmental chemicals previously linked to altered neurodevelopment. Similarly, no significant associations were observed for cis- and trans-DCCA. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal pyrethroid exposure was not associated with parental report of LD and/or ADHD. Given the widespread and increasing use of pyrethroids, future research should evaluate exposures at current levels, particularly during critical windows of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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