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Goldman SM, Weaver FM, Gonzalez B, Stroupe KT, Cao L, Colletta K, Brown EG, Tanner CM. Parkinson's Disease Progression and Exposure to Contaminated Water at Camp Lejeune. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38988230 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in service members who resided at Marine Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, when water supplies were contaminated with trichloroethylene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Prior studies suggest that environmental exposures may affect PD phenotype or progression, but this has not been reported for VOCs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test whether PD progression is faster in individuals exposed to VOCs in water at Camp Lejeune. METHODS A cohort of 172,128 marines residing at Camp Lejeune between 1975 and 1985 was previously assembled. We identified individuals with PD in Veterans Health Administration and Medicare databases between 2000 and 2021. Using estimates derived by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, we classified individuals as exposed or unexposed to VOCs in residential water. We used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models to test differences between exposed and unexposed groups in the time from PD diagnosis until psychosis, fracture, fall, or death. RESULTS Among 270 persons with PD, 177 (65.6%) were exposed to VOCs in residential water. Median cumulative exposure was 4970 μg/L-months, >50-fold the permissible level. Time until psychosis, fracture, and fall were all shorter in the exposed group, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) exceeding 2: psychosis HR, 2.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-4.83); fracture HR, 2.44 (95% CI: 0.91-6.55); and fall HR, 2.64 (95% CI: 0.97-7.21). A significant dose response was observed for time to fall (P trend, 0.032). No differences were observed for time until death. CONCLUSIONS PD progression may be faster in persons exposed to trichloroethylene and other VOCs in water decades earlier. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Goldman
- Division of Occupational, Environmental, and Climate Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frances M Weaver
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Beverly Gonzalez
- Geriatrics and Extended Care Data Analysis Center, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Canandaigua, New York, USA
| | - Kevin T Stroupe
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Lishan Cao
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Kalea Colletta
- Movement Disorder Section, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Ethan G Brown
- Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Geriatrics and Extended Care Data Analysis Center, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Canandaigua, New York, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Geriatrics and Extended Care Data Analysis Center, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Canandaigua, New York, USA
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Hussain MS, Gupta G, Mishra R, Patel N, Gupta S, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Kumbhar P, Disouza J, Dureja H, Kukreti N, Singh SK, Dua K. Unlocking the secrets: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and their devastating effects on lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155157. [PMID: 38320440 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LCs) is still a serious health problem globally, with many incidences attributed to environmental triggers such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). VOCs are a broad class of compounds that can be released via various sources, including industrial operations, automobile emissions, and indoor air pollution. VOC exposure has been linked to an elevated risk of lung cancer via multiple routes. These chemicals can be chemically converted into hazardous intermediate molecules, resulting in DNA damage and genetic alterations. VOCs can also cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and a breakdown in the cellular protective antioxidant framework, all of which contribute to the growth of lung cancer. Moreover, VOCs have been reported to alter critical biological reactions such as cell growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, leading to tumor development and metastasis. Epidemiological investigations have found a link between certain VOCs and a higher probability of LCs. Benzene, formaldehyde, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are some of the most well-researched VOCs, with comprehensive data confirming their cancer-causing potential. Nevertheless, the possible health concerns linked with many more VOCs and their combined use remain unknown, necessitating further research. Identifying the toxicological consequences of VOCs in LCs is critical for establishing focused preventative tactics and therapeutic strategies. Better legislation and monitoring mechanisms can limit VOC contamination in occupational and environmental contexts, possibly reducing the prevalence of LCs. Developing VOC exposure indicators and analyzing their associations with genetic susceptibility characteristics may also aid in early identification and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Riya Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Neeraj Patel
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Khandwa Road, Village Umrikheda, Near Toll booth, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452020, India
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Popat Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Black GP, Woodward EE, Sanders CJ, Gross MS, Hladik ML. Multiresidue extraction of current-use pesticides from complex solid matrices using energized dispersive guided extraction with analysis by gas and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138550. [PMID: 37001756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of sample processing techniques that recover a broad suite of pesticides from solid matrices, while mitigating coextracted matrix interferences, and reducing processing time is beneficial for high throughput analyses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an automated extraction system for pesticide analyses in solid environmental samples. An Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) system was used to evaluate two different extraction solvents in optimizing the extraction of 210 pesticides and pesticide transformation products. A graphitized carbon cleanup step was implemented, and three elution solvents were evaluated separately for analyte recoveries. Recoveries between 70 and 130% were achieved for 167 compounds in a test soil using acetonitrile as an extraction solvent and carbon cleanup with acetonitrile and dichloromethane elutions. Nine field samples (soil, sediment, and biosolids) were extracted using the newly developed method and were compared with a previously validated pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method using an Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) system. Concentrations obtained from the two methods were comparable (linear R2 > 0.999), suggesting similar performance between the EDGE and PLE extractions in complex matrices. The new method provided slightly better sensitivities in comparison to the PLE method, ranging from 0.09 to 2.56 ng g-1. The method presented here significantly reduces extraction setup and runtimes while also minimizing the volume of carcinogenic solvents (e.g., dichloromethane) used in the laboratory and presents a sensitive multiresidue method for a wide range of pesticides in solid matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle P Black
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA.
| | - Emily E Woodward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Water Science Center, Bridgeville, PA, 15017, USA
| | - Corey J Sanders
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Michael S Gross
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
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Shi Q, Wang K, Wang M, Li T, Ren B, Bai Y, Zhang X. Efficient Recovery of Dichloromethane from Tail Gas by 1-Alkyl-2-ethylimidazole Ethyl Sulfate and 1-Ethylpyridine Ethyl Sulfate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangbing Shi
- College of Chemical and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- College of Chemical and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mengjun Wang
- College of Chemical and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Chemical and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Baozeng Ren
- College of Chemical and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yinge Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Langfang Green Industrial Technology Center, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Adam MS, Miller WK, Pluntze AM, Stewart AM, Cape JL, Grass ME, Morgen MM. Acetic Acid as Processing Aid Dramatically Improves Organic Solvent Solubility of Weakly Basic Drugs for Spray Dried Dispersion Manufacture. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030555. [PMID: 35335931 PMCID: PMC8950584 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the pharmaceutical pipeline require bioavailability enhancing formulations due to very low aqueous solubility. Although spray dried dispersions (SDDs) have demonstrated broad utility in enhancing the bioavailability of such APIs by trapping them in a high-energy amorphous form, many new chemical entities (NCEs) are poorly soluble not just in water, but in preferred organic spray drying solvents, e.g., methanol (MeOH) and acetone. Spraying poorly solvent soluble APIs from dilute solutions leads to low process throughput and small particles that challenge downstream processing. For APIs with basic pKa values, spray solvent solubility can be dramatically increased by using an acid to ionize the API. Specifically, we show that acetic acid can increase API solubility in MeOH:H2O by 10-fold for a weakly basic drug, gefitinib (GEF, pKa 7.2), by ionizing GEF to form the transient acetate salt. The acetic acid is removed during drying, resulting in a SDD of the original GEF free base having performance similar to SDDs sprayed from solvents without acetic acid. The increase in solvent solubility enables large scale manufacturing for these challenging APIs by significantly increasing the throughput and reducing the amount of solvent required.
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Liu Y, Fan Y, Hou C, Du W, Zhang D, Liu Y, Xu J, Bai YL. Highly Selective Chloromethanes Detection Based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensors with Ba-MOFs. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16370-16377. [PMID: 34677953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), {(CH3NH3)3[Ba2(TTHA)(NO3)(H2O)2]}·2H2O (1), {(CH3NH3)4[Ba3(HTTHA)2(H2O)7]}·3H2O (2), and [Ba7(TTHA)2(NO3)2(H2O)10]·2H2O (3) (H6TTHA = 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamineh-exaacetic acid) have been synthesized and characterized. The sensing properties of 1-3 were explored with regard to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. The results indicated that 1 and 2 have a much higher selectivity and response to chloromethanes (CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CCl4) compared with H2O, CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, CH3CN, (CH3)2CO, C6H6, C6H5CH3, C6H5CH2CH3, and C6H5Cl at room temperature. Furthermore, 1 and 2 sensing film also exhibits excellent reversibility and stability, and the response and recovery times are almost within 10 s. 3 displays a lower response and poor selectivity to the above VOCs. The significant difference may be caused by their different structural characteristics. The Ba2+ ions are all decacoordinated in 1 and 2, while Ba2+ ions have more open metal sites in 3. So, the high selectivity and response of 1 and 2 may be due to the exchange of coordination water molecules with chloromethanes and possible electrostatic effects between (CH3NH3)+ cations and chloromethanes containing more electronegative Cl atoms. DFT calculation results show that the bond energy of Ba-Cl and Ba-O is not much different, so chloromethanes at high concentrations may exchange coordination water to form weak Ba···Cl interactions and show higher response values. 3 has no obvious VOCs selectivity and higher response due to more open sites of Ba2+ ions and smaller pore size. This work develops a fast and effective method to detect chloromethanes, providing a new opportunity for designing QCM gas sensors coated with different MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fan
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyi Hou
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Wei Du
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ling Bai
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
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Seralini GE, Jungers G. Endocrine disruptors also function as nervous disruptors and can be renamed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1538-1557. [PMID: 34430217 PMCID: PMC8365328 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruption (ED) and endocrine disruptors (EDs) emerged as scientific concepts in 1995, after numerous chemical pollutants were found to be responsible for reproductive dysfunction. The World Health Organization established in the United Nations Environment Programme a list of materials, plasticizers, pesticides, and various pollutants synthesized from petrochemistry that impact not only reproduction, but also hormonal functions, directly or indirectly. Cells communicate via either chemical or electrical signals transmitted within the endocrine or nervous systems. To investigate whether hormone disruptors may also interfere directly or indirectly with the development or functioning of the nervous system through either a neuroendocrine or a more general mechanism, we examined the scientific literature to ascertain the effects of EDs on the nervous system, specifically in the categories of neurotoxicity, cognition, and behaviour. To date, we demonstrated that all of the 177 EDs identified internationally by WHO are known to have an impact on the nervous system. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms underlying this neurodisruption have also been established. It was previously believed that EDs primarily function via the thyroid. However, this study presents substantial evidence that approximately 80 % of EDs operate via other mechanisms. It thus outlines a novel concept: EDs are also neurodisruptors (NDs) and can be collectively termed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Most of ENDs are derived from petroleum residues, and their various mechanisms of action are similar to those of "spam" in electronic communications technologies. Therefore, ENDs can be considered as an instance of spam in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles-Eric Seralini
- University of Caen Normandy, Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Gerald Jungers
- University of Caen Normandy, Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
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Microorganisms employed in the removal of contaminants from wastewater of iron and steel industries. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Friedman A, Shea M, Winter MR, Saitz R, Aschengrau A. Prenatal and early childhood exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and non-medical use of prescription drugs: A retrospective cohort study in Cape Cod, MA. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110384. [PMID: 33129864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 1968 and 1983, public drinking water supplies of Cape Cod, Massachusetts were contaminated with the chlorinated solvent tetrachloroethylene (PCE). We previously found an affinity for risk-taking behaviors, including the use of illicit drugs, following prenatal and early childhood exposure to PCE. Using newly collected data, we investigated the risk of non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) following prenatal and early childhood PCE exposure. METHODS Participants were identified from a retrospective cohort study ("Cape Cod Health Study") via cross-matching birth certificates and water system data. The original self-administered questionnaire gathered data on demographics, work and medical history, and alcohol and illicit drug use from 618 individuals (363 exposed and 255 unexposed). The follow-up survey added questions on non-medical use of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants and sedatives. A validated leaching and transport model was used to estimate exposure to PCE exposure in drinking water. RESULTS There was a wide distribution of cumulative prenatal and early childhood PCE exposure levels (range: 0.04 g-3722.2 g). PCE exposed subjects had a 1.92-fold increase in risk of any non-medical use of prescription drugs [Adjusted RR: 1.92, (95% CI: 1.31, 2.83)]. Furthermore, the association followed a dose-response relationship where the risk of NMUPD was higher for those exposed to PCE levels greater than or equal the median level versus those exposed to levels less than the median [Adjusted RR: 2.05 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.15) vs. 1.83 (95% CI: 1.20, 2.79) (p-value for trend < 0.01)]. Additionally, we found moderate increases in risk by level of non-medical use (any non-medical use, non-medical use of 1 or more categories of prescription drugs, or 2+ categories) as well as by category of drug for pain relivers, stimulants and tranquilizers. CONCLUSION We found that prenatal and early childhood exposure to PCE was associated with a moderate increase in the risk of NMUPD. Exposed subjects had dose-related increased risks of NMUPD of pain relievers, tranquilizers, and stimulants. This study has a number of limitations and is the first to report this association. Additional longitudinal studies of populations exposed to PCE during early life should be conducted to examine its long-term neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Margaret Shea
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael R Winter
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richard Saitz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ann Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and aminooxyacetic acid differentially modulate trichloroethylene reproductive toxicity via metabolism in Wistar rats. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1303-1321. [PMID: 33599830 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the industrial solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and decreased fetal weight in rats. TCE kidney toxicity can occur through formation of reactive metabolites via its glutathione (GSH) conjugation metabolic pathway, largely unstudied in the context of pregnancy. To investigate the contribution of the GSH conjugation pathway and oxidative stress to TCE toxicity during pregnancy, we exposed rats orally to 480 mg TCE/kg/day from gestational day (GD) 6 to GD 16 with and without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) at 200 mg/kg/day or aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) at 20 mg/kg/day as pre/co-treatments from GD 5-16. NAC is a reactive oxygen species scavenger that modifies the GSH conjugation pathway, and AOAA is an inhibitor of cysteine conjugate β-lyase (CCBL) in the GSH conjugation pathway. TCE decreased fetal weight, and this was prevented by AOAA but not NAC pre/co-treatment to TCE. Although AOAA inhibited CCBL activity in maternal kidney, it did not inhibit CCBL activity in maternal liver and placenta, suggesting that AOAA prevention of TCE-induced decreased fetal weight was due to CCBL activity inhibition in the kidneys but not liver or placenta. Unexpectedly, NAC pre/co-treatment with TCE, relative to TCE treatment alone, altered placental morphology consistent with delayed developmental phenotype. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the decidua basale, relative to basal and labyrinth zones, expressed the highest abundance of CCBL1, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, and cleaved caspase-3. Together, the findings show the differential effects of NAC and AOAA on TCE-induced pregnancy outcomes are likely attributable to TCE metabolism modulation.
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Wang H, Zhan S, Wu X, Wu L, Liu Y. Nanoporous fluorescent sensor based on upconversion nanoparticles for the detection of dichloromethane with high sensitivity. RSC Adv 2020; 11:565-571. [PMID: 35423030 PMCID: PMC8691116 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensor with high sensitivity and response rate is still lacking in the detection of poisonous and volatile chemicals. Here, we report a highly sensitive nanoporous fluorescence sensor based on core@shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for the detection of dichloromethane. UCNPs were deposited on porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates supported by glass slides to form a thin film-like gas sensor in which UCNPs with active shells exhibit intense background-free fluorescence and simultaneously high optical sensitivity, while an AAO template acts as a porous substrate for UCNPs to increase the absorption capacity for molecules to be tested. A detection limit of 2.91 ppm was obtained for dichloromethane based on this sensor at room temperature. The involved response mechanism was attributed to lowered surface fluorescence quenching and scattering of UCNPs by dichloromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Shiping Zhan
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology and Business Changsha 410205 China
| | - Lingqiong Wu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Yunxin Liu
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology and Business Changsha 410205 China
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De Miranda BR, Greenamyre JT. Trichloroethylene, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant in the risk for Parkinson's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:543-554. [PMID: 31996877 PMCID: PMC7941732 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic solvents are common chemicals used in industry throughout the world, however, there is evidence for adverse health effects from exposure to these compounds. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a halogenated solvent that has been used as a degreasing agent since the early 20th century. Due to its widespread use, TCE remains one of the most significant environmental contaminants in the US, and extensive research suggests TCE is a causative factor in a number of diseases, including cancer, fetal cardiac development, and neurotoxicity. TCE has also been implicated as a possible risk factor in the development of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is variable concordance across multiple occupational epidemiological studies assessing TCE (or solvent) exposure and risk for PD. In addition, there remains a degree of uncertainty about how TCE elicits toxicity to the dopaminergic system. To this end, we review the specific neurotoxic mechanisms of TCE in the context of selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, we consider the complexity of combined risk factors that ultimately contribute to neurodegeneration and discuss the limitations of single-factor exposure assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R De Miranda
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST-7045, Pittsburgh, 15260, Pennsylvania, USA.
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13
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Han H, Du S, Yan Y, Liu X, Zhu Q, Shi R, Xi S, Liu F, Zhao Z, Chu Y. Distinguishing between halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen based on the reaction kinetic parameter using negative ion mobility spectrometry at atmospheric pressure. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29441-29449. [PMID: 35521110 PMCID: PMC9055957 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron adsorption ionization ion mobility spectrometry can be used to detect halogen-containing volatile organic compounds with high sensitivity. However, this traditional electron attachment detection method cannot distinguish between volatile organic compounds containing the same halogen. For different organic compounds containing the same halogen, the product ions formed by the dissociation electron attachment process are the same. In this article, we propose a novel negative corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry method to distinguish between and detect halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen according to the different electron attachment rates and reaction kinetic parameters of the different halogenated alkanes. Although these halogenated alkanes, which contain the same halogen, produce the same type of ions through the electron attachment process, their electron attachment rates are different from each other. In this work, the kinetic information is used as the fingerprint information for the tested samples to distinguish different halogenated alkanes. Five halogenated alkanes were successfully detected using this method. The results show that the method based on the electron attachment rate constant is feasible for the determination of halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen. Electron attachment ionization ion mobility spectrometry can be used to detect halogen-containing volatile organic compounds with high sensitivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
| | - Shihu Du
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Yongliang Yan
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Qiaofen Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Ruili Shi
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Sixing Xi
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Yannan Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
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DeBono N, Kelly-Reif K, Richardson D, Keil A, Robinson W, Troester M, Marshall S. Mortality among autoworkers manufacturing electronics in Huntsville, Alabama. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:282-295. [PMID: 30569473 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers raised concerns over suspected excesses of mortality at automotive electronics manufacturing facilities in Huntsville, Alabama. METHODS A study of 4396 UAW members ever-employed at Huntsville facilities between 1972 and 1993 was conducted with mortality follow-up through 2016. Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) were estimated using U.S. and Alabama reference rates. RESULTS Relative to U.S. rates, there was a modest excess of all-cause mortality among White female workers (SMR 1.08, 95%CI: 0.99-1.18) and among all workers hired <1977 at the original plant building (SMR 1.10, 95%CI: 0.99-1.22). There was excess nervous system disorder (SMR 1.24, 95%CI: 0.91-1.65) and brain and nervous system cancer (SMR 1.31, 95%CI: 0.67-2.28) mortality. Estimates for several causes of interest were imprecise. CONCLUSIONS All-cause mortality estimates were greater than anticipated based on results from other UAW cohorts. The excess of nervous system disease mortality is consistent with other studies of electronics workers exposed to lead-solder and chlorinated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan DeBono
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Kaitlin Kelly-Reif
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - David Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Alex Keil
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Whitney Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Melissa Troester
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Stephen Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
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DeBono N, Richardson D, Keil A, Kelly-Reif K, Robinson W, Troester M, Marshall S. Employment characteristics and cause-specific mortality at automotive electronics manufacturing plants in Huntsville, Alabama. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:296-308. [PMID: 30791109 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out in response to worker concerns over their exposure to lead solder and chlorinated solvents at automotive electronics manufacturing plants in Huntsville, Alabama. METHODS A study of 4396 United Autoworkers members ever-employed at the plants between 1972 and 1993 was conducted with mortality follow-up through 2016. Poisson regression was used to estimate mortality rate ratios (RR) according to employment characteristics, including calendar period of employment. RESULTS Pre-1977 hires exhibited elevated adjusted rates of all-cause (RR, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.52), cardiovascular (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03-1.86), and digestive system (RR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.04-5.10) disease mortality relative to the most recent hire group (1984-1993). Never- versus ever-employment in a skilled trade job was associated with elevated adjusted rates of all-cause, all-cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Nervous system disorder mortality was greatest among 1977-1983 hires. CONCLUSIONS Elevated mortality among pre-1977 hires is consistent with worker concerns over greater exposure to hazards at the original plant building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan DeBono
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - David Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Alex Keil
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Kaitlin Kelly-Reif
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Whitney Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Melissa Troester
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Stephen Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
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1-Trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (TaClo) Induces the Apoptosis of Dopaminergic Neurons via Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1292891. [PMID: 30984332 PMCID: PMC6431519 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1292891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several in vitro studies have revealed the neurotoxicity of 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (TaClo). However, the underlying mechanism has not been completely elucidated, particularly in vivo. This study was designed to study the neurotoxicity of TaClo in vivo by stereotactically injecting TaClo into the striatum of Wistar rats. After the TaClo injections, rats were subjected to an open field test, and their distance travelled and tracks showed decreasing trends over time. The results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the motor dysfunction of the TaClo-treated rats was accompanied by reduced dopamine levels in the striatum. Based on the diffusion tensor imaging data, the apparent diffusion coefficient of the nigrostriatal pathway was significantly increased, and subsequent histological staining revealed the demyelination of nigrostriatal fibres after the TaClo treatment. TaClo induced a loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra compacta. Regarding the underlying mechanism, TaClo caused oxidative stress in the nigrostriatal system by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species and reducing the mitochondria membrane potential. Meanwhile, the elevated expression of Iba-1, TNF-α, IL-6, Cox-2, and iNOS indicated microglial activation and a strong innate immune response in the nigrostriatal system. In addition, activated caspase-3 levels were increased. Thus, both mitochondrial impairments and the innate immune response are involved in TaClo-induced neurotoxicity.
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Ren W, Sha H, Yan J, Wu P, Yang J, Li R, Zhang H, Yu L, Qian H, Liu B. Enhancement of radiotherapeutic efficacy for esophageal cancer by paclitaxel-loaded red blood cell membrane nanoparticles modified by the recombinant protein anti-EGFR-iRGD. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:707-724. [PMID: 30388386 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218809019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is widely used as a radiosensitizer for various tumors, including esophageal cancer, but its therapeutic effect remains to be improved. In this study, we constructed a novel nano-radiosensitizer, anti-EGFR-iRGD-conjugated (iE)-PRNPs, by conjugating the recombinant protein anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-internalizing arginine-glycine-aspartic (iRGD) to the surface of paclitaxel-loaded red blood cell membrane nanoparticles (PRNPs). The iE-PRNPs were confirmed to possess tumor-targeting, high penetrability, and sustained release properties that free paclitaxel does not possess. Compared with that of paclitaxel, the sensitizer enhancement ratio of iE-PRNPs was significantly increased (1.32-fold and 1.25-fold) in esophageal cancer cells with high and low expression levels of EGFR, respectively. Additionally, compared with that of unmodified PRNPs, the sensitizer enhancement ratio of iE-PRNPs in EGFR-overexpressing esophageal cancer cells was significantly increased (1.27-fold), while that of PRNPs in esophageal cancer cells with a low EGFR expression level increased slightly (1.06-fold). The improved radiosensitization effect was associated with enhanced G2/M arrest, increased reactive oxygen species, and more effective induction of DNA double-strand breaks. In summary, iE-PRNPs appear to be a novel type of radiosensitizer with the potential to overcome the bottleneck of esophageal cancer radiotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- 1 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizi Sha
- 2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- 2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Puyuan Wu
- 2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ju Yang
- 2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rutian Li
- 2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- 2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- 2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- 2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- 1 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,2 The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Chen H, Sha H, Zhang L, Qian H, Chen F, Ding N, Ji L, Zhu A, Xu Q, Meng F, Yu L, Zhou Y, Liu B. Lipid insertion enables targeted functionalization of paclitaxel-loaded erythrocyte membrane nanosystem by tumor-penetrating bispecific recombinant protein. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5347-5359. [PMID: 30254439 PMCID: PMC6141126 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is currently much interest in cancer cell targeting and tumor penetrating for research and therapeutic purposes. Purpose To improve targeting delivery of antitumor drugs to gastric cancer, in this study, a tumor-targeting biocompatible drug delivery system derived from erythrocyte membrane for delivering paclitaxel (PTX) was constructed. Methods Erythrocyte membrane of human red blood cells (RBCs) were used for preparing of erythrocyte membrane-derived vesicles. 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(maleimide[polyethylene glycol]-3400) (DSPE-PEG-MAL), a phospholipid derivative, was used to insert tumor-targeting molecular into erythrocyte membrane-derived vesicles. A lipid insertion method was used to functionalize these vesicles without the need for direct chemical conjugation. Furthermore, a tumor-penetrating bispecific recombinant protein named anti-EGFR-iRGD was used for the first time in this work to enable nanosystem to target and penetrate efficiently into the tumor site. Results Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded anti-EGFR-iRGD-modified erythrocyte membrane nano-system (anti-EGFR-iRGD-RBCm-PTX, abbreviated to PRP) were manufactured. PRP was spheroid, uniformly size, about 171.7±4.7 nm in average, could be stable in vitro for 8 days, and released PTX in a biphasic pattern. PRP showed comparable cytotoxicity toward human gastric cancer cells in vitro. In vivo studies showed that, PRP accumulated in tumor site within 2 h of administration, lasted longer than 48 h, and the tumor volume was reduced 61% by PRP treatment in Balb/c nude mice, without causing severe side effects. Conclusion PRP has potential applications in cancer treatment and as an adjunct for other anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, .,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Oncology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huizi Sha
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lianru Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hanqing Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fangjun Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Naiqin Ding
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Liulian Ji
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Anqing Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qiuping Xu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fanyan Meng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, .,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
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Huang LZ, Yin Z, Cooper NGA, Yin W, Bjerglund ET, Strobel BW, Hansen HCB. Copper-mediated reductive dechlorination by green rust intercalated with dodecanoate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 345:18-26. [PMID: 29128723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A layered FeII-FeIII hydroxide (green rust, GR) was intercalated with dodecanoate (known as GRC12) and then amended with CuII (GRC12(Cu)) before reaction with chloroform (CF), carbon tetrachloride (CT), trichloroethylene (TCE) or tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Reduction of CT by GRC12(Cu) was 37 times faster than with GRC12 alone before the active Cu species was consumed. The Cu mediated reaction followed the dichloroelimination pathway as observed for GRC12 alone, with carbon monoxide (82.5%) and formate (26.6%) as main degradation products. Also, CF was reduced by GRC12(Cu), which is not seen with GRC12. Neither GRC12(Cu) nor GRC12 reacted with PCE or TCE. The chlorinated solvents can partition into dodecanoate interlayer but only small CS molecules (CF, CT) can transport through the dodecanoate interlayer. Copper(II) added to GRC12 was reduced to CuI by FeII in GR, but CuI was not regenerated during the dechlorination. High resolution TEM showed that Cu was evenly distributed in the GR without formation of Cu nanoparticles on edges of GR. The active CuI sites are most likely located between the iron hydroxide layer and the hydrated negatively charged carboxylate groups in the interlayer of GR. This work shines new light on the Cu accelerated dechlorination by GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8, East Lake South Road, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Zhou Yin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nicola G A Cooper
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Weizhao Yin
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Emil Tveden Bjerglund
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Strobel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian B Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Zhang C, Hou L, Yang J, Che Y, Sun F, Li H, Wang Q. 2,5-Hexanedione induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration through integrin α Mβ2/NADPH oxidase axis-mediated microglial activation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:60. [PMID: 29352205 PMCID: PMC5833449 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent study demonstrated that chronic exposure to solvents increases the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN). n-Hexane, a widely used organic solvent, displays central-peripheral neurotoxicity, which is mainly mediated by its active metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione (HD). However, whether HD exposure contributes to PD remains unclear. In this study, we found that rats exposed to HD displayed progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal system. Microglial activation was also detected in HD-treated rats, which occurred prior to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, depletion of microglia markedly reduced HD-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Mechanistic study revealed an essential role of microglial integrin αMβ2-NADPH oxidase (NOX2) axis in HD-elicited neurotoxicity. HD activated NOX2 by inducing membrane translocation of NOX2 cytosolic subunit, p47phox. Integrin αMβ2 was critical for HD-induced NOX2 activation since inhibition or genetic deletion of αMβ2 attenuated NOX2-generated superoxide and p47phox membrane translocation in response to HD. Src and Erk, two downstream signals of αMβ2, were recognized to bridge HD/αMβ2-mediated NOX2 activation. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of αMβ2-NOX2 axis attenuated HD-induced microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Our findings revealed that HD exposure damaged nigrostriatal dopaminergic system through αMβ2-NOX2 axis-mediated microglial activation, providing, for the first time, experimental evidence for n-hexane exposure contributing to the etiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- 0000 0000 9558 1426grid.411971.bSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Liyan Hou
- 0000 0000 9558 1426grid.411971.bSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Jie Yang
- 0000 0000 9558 1426grid.411971.bSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Yuning Che
- 0000 0000 9558 1426grid.411971.bSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Fuqiang Sun
- 0000 0000 9558 1426grid.411971.bSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Huihua Li
- 0000 0000 9558 1426grid.411971.bSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044 China ,grid.452435.1Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- 0000 0000 9558 1426grid.411971.bSchool of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044 China
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Frye RE, Rose S, Wynne R, Bennuri SC, Blossom S, Gilbert KM, Heilbrun L, Palmer RF. Oxidative Stress Challenge Uncovers Trichloroacetaldehyde Hydrate-Induced Mitoplasticity in Autistic and Control Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4478. [PMID: 28667285 PMCID: PMC5493637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitoplasticity occurs when mitochondria adapt to tolerate stressors. Previously we hypothesized that a subset of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from children with autistic disorder (AD) show mitoplasticity (AD-A), presumably due to previous environmental exposures; another subset of AD LCLs demonstrated normal mitochondrial activity (AD-N). To better understand mitoplasticity in the AD-A LCLs we examined changes in mitochondrial function using the Seahorse XF96 analyzer in AD and Control LCLs after exposure to trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate (TCAH), an in vivo metabolite of the environmental toxicant and common environmental pollutant trichloroethylene. To better understand the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitoplasticity, TCAH exposure was followed by acute exposure to 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-napthoquinone (DMNQ), an agent that increases ROS. TCAH exposure by itself resulted in a decline in mitochondrial respiration in all LCL groups. This effect was mitigated when TCAH was followed by acute DMNQ exposure but this varied across LCL groups. DMNQ did not affect AD-N LCLs, while it neutralized the detrimental effect of TCAH in Control LCLs and resulted in a increase in mitochondrial respiration in AD-A LCLs. These data suggest that acute increases in ROS can activate mitochondrial protective pathways and that AD-A LCLs are better able to activate these protective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Eugene Frye
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rebecca Wynne
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sirish C Bennuri
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sarah Blossom
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kathleen M Gilbert
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lynne Heilbrun
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raymond F Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Stingone JA, McVeigh KH, Claudio L. Association between prenatal exposure to ambient diesel particulate matter and perchloroethylene with children's 3rd grade standardized test scores. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:144-153. [PMID: 27058443 PMCID: PMC4874864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of this research was to determine if prenatal exposure to two common urban air pollutants, diesel and perchloroethylene, affects children's 3rd grade standardized test scores in mathematics and English language arts (ELA). Exposure estimates consisted of annual average ambient concentrations of diesel particulate matter and perchloroethylene obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency's 1996 National Air Toxics Assessment for the residential census tract at birth. Outcome data consisted of linked birth and educational records for 201,559 singleton, non-anomalous children born between 1994 and 1998 who attended New York City public schools. Quantile regression models were used to estimate the effects of these exposures on multiple points within the continuous distribution of standardized test scores. Modified Poisson regression models were used to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of failing to meet curricula standards, an indicator derived from test scores. Models were adjusted for a number of maternal, neighborhood and childhood factors. Results showed that math scores were approximately 6% of a standard deviation lower for children exposed to the highest levels of both pollutants as compared to children with low levels of both pollutants. Children exposed to high levels of both pollutants also had the largest risk of failing to meet math test standards when compared to children with low levels of exposure to the pollutants (RR 1.10 95%CI 1.07,1.12 RR high perchloroethylene only 1.03 95%CI 1.00,1.06; RR high diesel PM only 1.02 95%CI 0.99,1.06). There was no association observed between exposure to the pollutants and failing to meet ELA standards. This study provides preliminary evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to urban air pollutants and lower academic outcomes. Additionally, these findings suggest that individual pollutants may additively impact health and point to the need to study the collective effects of air pollutant mixtures. KEY WORDS air toxics, academic outcomes, urban health, tetrachloroethylene, air pollutant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Katharine H McVeigh
- Division of Family and Child Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY United States
| | - Luz Claudio
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States
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Wang Y, Han H, Chang T, Liu X, Zhu Q, Liu F, Yan Y, Shen C, Chu Y. A novel method for measuring the concentration of chloroform based on kinetic parameters at atmosphere. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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KANEMITSU M, FUETA Y, ISHIDAO T, AOU S, HORI H. Development of a direct exposure system for studying the mechanisms of central neurotoxicity caused by volatile organic compounds. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2015; 54:42-49. [PMID: 26320726 PMCID: PMC4791292 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2015-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in work places are neurotoxic. However, it has been difficult to study the cellular mechanisms induced by a direct exposure to neurons because of their high volatility. The objective of this study was to establish a stable system for exposing brain slices to VOCs. With a conventional recording system for brain slices, it is not possible to keep a constant bath concentration of relatively highly volatile solvents, e.g. 1-bromopropane (1-BP). Here we report a new exposure system for VOCs that we developed in which a high concentration of oxygen is dissolved to a perfused medium applying a gas-liquid equilibrium, and in which the tubing is made of Teflon, non adsorptive material. Using our system, the bath concentration of the perfused 1-BP remained stable for at least 2 h in the slice chamber. Both 6.4 and 2.2 mM of 1-BP did not change the paired-pulse response, but fully suppressed long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampal slices obtained from rats, suggesting that 1-BP decreases synaptic plasticity in the DG at the concentrations tested. Our new system can be applicable for investigating the underlying mechanisms of the neurotoxicity of VOCs at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari KANEMITSU
- Department of Environmental Management and Control, School of
Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
- Department of Brain Science and Engineering, Graduate School
of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Yukiko FUETA
- Department of Environmental Management and Control, School of
Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Toru ISHIDAO
- Department of Environmental Management and Control, School of
Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Shuji AOU
- Department of Brain Science and Engineering, Graduate School
of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Hajime HORI
- Department of Environmental Management and Control, School of
Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Gao J, Yang C, Ding H, Zhang Y, Xue J, Cai Y. 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol lengthens the circadian period of Bmal1-driven circadian bioluminescence rhythms in U2OS cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:239-44. [PMID: 25956065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
2,2,2-Trichloroethanol (TCOH) is responsible for the pharmacological actions of chloral hydrate (CH), and is a major metabolite of trichloroethylene. Human exposure to TCOH is known to be increasing. Recently, it was reported that TCOH causes a significant phase delay of Per2 expression in mouse liver when injected daily over the course of several days. However, it is not clear whether TCOH directly modulates the molecular clock. In the present study we used a cell-based assay system to test this possibility. We found that the daily oscillation period of Bmal1 was lengthened to 3 h following treatment with 1.5 mM TCOH, and increased to 5 h with 3 mM TCOH treatment. However, low concentrations of TCOH had no noticeable effects. The effect of TCOH on Per2 oscillation was marginal. Interestingly, serum from rats anesthetized with CH also modulated Bmal1 period, suggesting that exposure to anesthesia should be taken into consideration for circadian rhythm studies. In summary, our study reveals a direct regulation of TCOH on molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Caixia Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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26
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Tang X, Wang G, Shi R, Jiang K, Meng L, Ren H, Wu J, Hu Y. Enhanced tolerance and antitumor efficacy by docetaxel-loaded albumin nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2686-2696. [PMID: 26004129 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1049720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel is one of the most active chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. The traditional docetaxel injection (TAXOTERE®) is currently formulated in the surfactant polysorbate 80, which has been associated with severe adverse reactions. To avoid the use of polysorbate 80 as well as to reduce the systemic toxicity of docetaxel, in this study, docetaxel-loaded albumin nanoparticles were fabricated by a novel simple self-assembly method. The resulting nanoparticles showed a mean diameter size of 150 nm. After being encapsulated into nanoparticles, docetaxel displayed similar cytotoxicity to traditional injection. Since polysorbate 80 was not involved in nanoparticles, the hemolysis was completely eliminated. The maximal tolerance dose of nanoparticles was also increased, which allowed a higher dose to be safely intravenously injected and produced ideal antitumor effects. The 150 nm diameter also allowed the nanoparticles to accumulate in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The passive targeting ability further caused the higher antitumor effects of nanoparticles than that of traditional injection at the same dose (7.5 mg/kg). Therefore, docetaxel-loaded albumin nanoparticles fabricated by our strategy showed higher promise in their safety and effectiveness than the traditional docetaxel injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Tang
- a Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Guijun Wang
- a Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Runjie Shi
- a Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Ke Jiang
- a Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Lingtong Meng
- a Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Hao Ren
- a Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- a Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- a Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
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Yu X, Ghasemizadeh R, Padilla I, Irizarry C, Kaeli D, Alshawabkeh A. Spatiotemporal changes of CVOC concentrations in karst aquifers: analysis of three decades of data from Puerto Rico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:1-10. [PMID: 25522355 PMCID: PMC4330126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We studied the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds (CVOCs) in the karst aquifers in northern Puerto Rico (1982-2013). Seventeen CVOCs were widely detected across the study area, with the most detected and persistent contaminated CVOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), carbon tetrachloride (CT), chloroform (TCM), and methylene chloride (DCM). Historically, 471 (76%) and 319 (52%) of the 615 sampling sites have CVOC concentrations above the detection limit and maximum contamination level (MCL), respectively. The spatiotemporal patterns of the CVOC concentrations showed two clusters of contaminated areas, one near the Superfund site "Upjohn" and another near "Vega Alta Public Supply Wells." Despite a decreasing trend in concentrations, there is a general northward movement and spreading of contaminants even beyond the extent of known sources of the Superfund and landfill sites. Our analyses suggest that, besides the source conditions, karst characteristics (high heterogeneity, complex hydraulic and biochemical environment) are linked to the long-term spatiotemporal patterns of CVOCs in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reza Ghasemizadeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ingrid Padilla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00682, USA
| | - Celys Irizarry
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00682, USA
| | - David Kaeli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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28
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Schlosser PM, Bale AS, Gibbons CF, Wilkins A, Cooper GS. Human health effects of dichloromethane: key findings and scientific issues. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:114-9. [PMID: 25325283 PMCID: PMC4314245 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1308030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) completed an updated toxicological review of dichloromethane in November 2011. OBJECTIVES In this commentary we summarize key results and issues of this review, including exposure sources, identification of potential health effects, and updated physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. METHODS We performed a comprehensive review of primary research studies and evaluation of PBPK models. DISCUSSION Hepatotoxicity was observed in oral and inhalation exposure studies in several studies in animals; neurological effects were also identified as a potential area of concern. Dichloromethane was classified as likely to be carcinogenic in humans based primarily on evidence of carcinogenicity at two sites (liver and lung) in male and female B6C3F1 mice (inhalation exposure) and at one site (liver) in male B6C3F1 mice (drinking-water exposure). Recent epidemiologic studies of dichloromethane (seven studies of hematopoietic cancers published since 2000) provide additional data raising concerns about associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Although there are gaps in the database for dichloromethane genotoxicity (i.e., DNA adduct formation and gene mutations in target tissues in vivo), the positive DNA damage assays correlated with tissue and/or species availability of functional glutathione S-transferase (GST) metabolic activity, the key activation pathway for dichloromethane-induced cancer. Innovations in the IRIS assessment include estimation of cancer risk specifically for a presumed sensitive genotype (GST-theta-1+/+), and PBPK modeling accounting for human physiological distributions based on the expected distribution for all individuals 6 months to 80 years of age. CONCLUSION The 2011 IRIS assessment of dichloromethane provides insights into the toxicity of a commonly used solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Schlosser
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
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29
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Amadasi A, Mastroluca L, Marasciuolo L, Caligara M, Sironi L, Gentile G, Zoja R. Death due to acute tetrachloroethylene intoxication in a chronic abuser. Int J Legal Med 2015; 129:487-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Fox DA. Retinal and visual system: occupational and environmental toxicology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 131:325-40. [PMID: 26563796 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62627-1.00017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Occupational chemical exposure often results in sensory systems alterations that occur without other clinical signs or symptoms. Approximately 3000 chemicals are toxic to the retina and central visual system. Their dysfunction can have immediate, long-term, and delayed effects on mental health, physical health, and performance and lead to increased occupational injuries. The aims of this chapter are fourfold. First, provide references on retinal/visual system structure, function, and assessment techniques. Second, discuss the retinal features that make it especially vulnerable to toxic chemicals. Third, review the clinical and corresponding experimental data regarding retinal/visual system deficits produced by occupational toxicants: organic solvents (carbon disulfide, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, styrene, toluene, and mixtures) and metals (inorganic lead, methyl mercury, and mercury vapor). Fourth, discuss occupational and environmental toxicants as risk factors for late-onset retinal diseases and degeneration. Overall, the toxicants altered color vision, rod- and/or cone-mediated electroretinograms, visual fields, spatial contrast sensitivity, and/or retinal thickness. The findings elucidate the importance of conducting multimodal noninvasive clinical, electrophysiologic, imaging and vision testing to monitor toxicant-exposed workers for possible retinal/visual system alterations. Finally, since the retina is a window into the brain, an increased awareness and understanding of retinal/visual system dysfunction should provide additional insight into acquired neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Fox
- Departments of Vision Sciences, Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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31
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Umezu T, Shibata Y. Different behavioral effect dose-response profiles in mice exposed to two-carbon chlorinated hydrocarbons: influence of structural and physical properties. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:103-12. [PMID: 24910396 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify whether dose-response profiles of acute behavioral effects of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE), trichloroethylene (TRIC), and tetrachloroethylene (PERC) differ. A test battery involving 6 behavioral endpoints was applied to evaluate the effects of DCE, TCE, TRIC, and PERC in male ICR strain mice under the same experimental conditions. The behavioral effect dose-response profiles of these compounds differed. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the dose-response profiles and structural and physical properties of the compounds. Dose-response profile differences correlated significantly with differences in specific structural and physical properties. These results suggest that differences in specific structural and physical properties of DCE, TCE, TRIC, and PERC are responsible for differences in behavioral effects that lead to a variety of dose-response profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Umezu
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Shibata
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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32
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Singthong S, Pakkong P, Choosang K, Wongsanit S. Occupational health risks among trichloroethylene-exposed workers in a clock manufacturing factory. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 7:161-72. [PMID: 25560356 PMCID: PMC4796495 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an important volatile organic compound once widely used in industry throughout the world. Occupational exposure to TCE can cause a number of health hazards such as allergic reactions and genetic damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate occupational exposure to TCE, by analysis of the air in the breathing zone and of urine from workers employed in a clock manufacturing factory. A subjective symptom survey was conducted by using a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the health hazards. Micronucleus (MN) frequency, based on the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes, (PBLs) was used as a biomarker for chromosome damage. A total of 244 participants, including 171 workers occupationally exposed to TCE and 73 non-exposed control employees, working mainly in office jobs in the same factory, were enrolled in this study. Analyses of airborne TCE concentrations in the workplace, and of urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCA) of the workers and controls, were performed by Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) using the modified headspace technique. The average concentration of TCE in the workplace breathing zone was 27.83 ± 6.02 ppm. The average level of urinary TCA of the exposed workers and controls was 14.84 ± 1.62, 2.95 ± 0.28 mg/L. The frequency of MN/1000BN was 7.029 ± 0.39, significantly higher than for those in the control group (3.57 ± 0.31, p = 0.001). According to multiple linear regression analysis, the results indicated that urinary TCA levels correlated with the increased MN in exposed workers (r = 0.285, p < 0.001). The prevalence rate of subjective symptoms in the exposed group was 9.61-11.76 times higher than the rate of the non-exposed group (p < 0.001). It was found that skin (29.6%) and respiratory symptoms (21.1%) were the most frequent among the exposed workers. In conclusion, these results indicate that increased micronucleus frequency is associated with occupational trichloroethylene exposure. The use of TCE in the factory is threatening workers’ health.
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Ding D, Tang X, Cao X, Wu J, Yuan A, Qiao Q, Pan J, Hu Y. Novel self-assembly endows human serum albumin nanoparticles with an enhanced antitumor efficacy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:213-22. [PMID: 24287627 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-based nanomedicine plays an important role in tumor chemotherapy due to their merits in bioavailability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. In this study, we developed a novel method of preparing human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles for targeted delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) to tumors. HSA-PTX nanoparticles (NPs-PTX) were fabricated via unfolding of HSA in appropriate solution to expose more hydrophobic domains and consequent self-assembling into nanoparticles with added PTX. Via this self-assembly method, a desirable particle size (around 120 nm), a high drug loading (>20%), and a high encapsulation efficiency (near 100%) were obtained. PTX dispersed as an amorphous state in NPs-PTX and the secondary structures of HSA were maintained. In a cytotoxicity study, NPs-PTX displayed an enhanced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and A549 cells. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry revealed that the uptake of NPs-PTX was mediated by secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine and "caveolar" transport. In H22 tumor-bearing mice, NPs-PTX displayed an increasing and everlasting tumor distribution, leading to slower tumor growth and longer mice survival than PTX. Therefore, this novel self-assembly method offers a much easier method to prepare PTX nanoparticles, provides better antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo, and more importantly, sets up a delivery platform for other hydrophobic drugs to improve their effectiveness in cancer therapy.
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McLean D, Fleming S, Turner MC, Kincl L, Richardson L, Benke G, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Parent ME, Hours M, Krewski D, van Tongeren M, Sadetzki S, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E. Occupational solvent exposure and risk of meningioma: results from the INTEROCC multicentre case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:253-8. [PMID: 24474387 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between occupational exposure to selected organic solvents and meningioma. METHODOLOGY A multicentre case-control study conducted in seven countries, including 1906 cases and 5565 controls. Occupational exposure to selected classes of organic solvents (aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and 'other' organic solvents) or seven specific solvents (benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, methylene chloride and gasoline) was assessed using lifetime occupational histories and a modified version of the FINJEM job-exposure matrix (INTEROCC-JEM). Study participants were classified as 'exposed' when they had worked in an occupation for at least 1 year, with a 5-year lag, in which the estimated prevalence of exposure was 25% or greater in the INTEROCC-JEM. Associations between meningioma and each of the solvent exposures were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 6.5% of study participants were ever exposed to 'any' solvent, with a somewhat greater proportion of controls (7%) ever exposed compared with cases (5%), but only one case was ever exposed to any chlorinated hydrocarbon (1,1,1-trichloroethane). No association was observed between any of the organic solvents and meningioma, in either men or women, and no dose-response relationships were observed in internal analyses using either exposure duration or cumulative exposure. DISCUSSION We found no evidence that occupational exposure to these organic solvents is associated with meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Blossom SJ, Cooney CA, Melnyk SB, Rau JL, Swearingen CJ, Wessinger WD. Metabolic changes and DNA hypomethylation in cerebellum are associated with behavioral alterations in mice exposed to trichloroethylene postnatally. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:263-9. [PMID: 23566951 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that low-level postnatal and early life exposure to the environmental contaminant, trichloroethylene (TCE), in the drinking water of MRL+/+ mice altered glutathione redox homeostasis and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress indicating a more oxidized state. Plasma metabolites along the interrelated transmethylation pathway were also altered indicating impaired methylation capacity. Here we extend these findings to further characterize the impact of TCE exposure in mice exposed to water only or two doses of TCE in the drinking water (0, 2, and 28mg/kg/day) postnatally from birth until 6weeks of age on redox homeostasis and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the cerebellum. In addition, pathway intermediates involved in methyl metabolism and global DNA methylation patterns were examined in cerebellar tissue. Because the cerebellum is functionally important for coordinating motor activity, including exploratory and social approach behaviors, these parameters were evaluated in the present study. Mice exposed to 28mg/kg/day TCE exhibited increased locomotor activity over time as compared with control mice. In the novel object exploration test, these mice were more likely to enter the zone with the novel object as compared to control mice. Similar results were obtained in a second test when an unfamiliar mouse was introduced into the testing arena. The results show for the first time that postnatal exposure to TCE causes key metabolic changes in the cerebellum that may contribute to global DNA methylation deficits and behavioral alterations in TCE-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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36
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Chiu WA, Jinot J, Scott CS, Makris SL, Cooper GS, Dzubow RC, Bale AS, Evans MV, Guyton KZ, Keshava N, Lipscomb JC, Barone S, Fox JF, Gwinn MR, Schaum J, Caldwell JC. Human health effects of trichloroethylene: key findings and scientific issues. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:303-11. [PMID: 23249866 PMCID: PMC3621199 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completed a toxicological review of trichloroethylene (TCE) in September 2011, which was the result of an effort spanning > 20 years. OBJECTIVES We summarized the key findings and scientific issues regarding the human health effects of TCE in the U.S. EPA's toxicological review. METHODS In this assessment we synthesized and characterized thousands of epidemiologic, experimental animal, and mechanistic studies, and addressed several key scientific issues through modeling of TCE toxicokinetics, meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies, and analyses of mechanistic data. DISCUSSION Toxicokinetic modeling aided in characterizing the toxicological role of the complex metabolism and multiple metabolites of TCE. Meta-analyses of the epidemiologic data strongly supported the conclusions that TCE causes kidney cancer in humans and that TCE may also cause liver cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mechanistic analyses support a key role for mutagenicity in TCE-induced kidney carcinogenicity. Recent evidence from studies in both humans and experimental animals point to the involvement of TCE exposure in autoimmune disease and hypersensitivity. Recent avian and in vitro mechanistic studies provided biological plausibility that TCE plays a role in developmental cardiac toxicity, the subject of substantial debate due to mixed results from epidemiologic and rodent studies. CONCLUSIONS TCE is carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure and poses a potential human health hazard for noncancer toxicity to the central nervous system, kidney, liver, immune system, male reproductive system, and the developing embryo/fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihsueh A Chiu
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC, USA.
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Lock EA, Zhang J, Checkoway H. Solvents and Parkinson disease: a systematic review of toxicological and epidemiological evidence. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:345-55. [PMID: 23220449 PMCID: PMC3621032 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative motor disorder, with its motor symptoms largely attributable to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The causes of PD remain poorly understood, although environmental toxicants may play etiologic roles. Solvents are widespread neurotoxicants present in the workplace and ambient environment. Case reports of parkinsonism, including PD, have been associated with exposures to various solvents, most notably trichloroethylene (TCE). Animal toxicology studies have been conducted on various organic solvents, with some, including TCE, demonstrating potential for inducing nigral system damage. However, a confirmed animal model of solvent-induced PD has not been developed. Numerous epidemiologic studies have investigated potential links between solvents and PD, yielding mostly null or weak associations. An exception is a recent study of twins indicating possible etiologic relations with TCE and other chlorinated solvents, although findings were based on small numbers, and dose-response gradients were not observed. At present, there is no consistent evidence from either the toxicological or epidemiologic perspective that any specific solvent or class of solvents is a cause of PD. Future toxicological research that addresses mechanisms of nigral damage from TCE and its metabolites, with exposure routes and doses relevant to human exposures, is recommended. Improvements in epidemiologic research, especially with regard to quantitative characterization of long-term exposures to specific solvents, are needed to advance scientific knowledge on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Lock
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK.
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Collart Dutilleul PY, Fonseca CG, Zimányi L, Romieu O, Pozos-Guillén AJ, Semetey V, Cuisinier F, Pérez E, Levallois B. Root canal hydrophobization by dentinal silanization: improvement of silicon-based endodontic treatment tightness. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:721-8. [PMID: 23359546 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to improve silicon-based endodontic treatment tightness by dentine hydrophobization is presented in this work: root dentine was silanized to obtain a hydrophobic dentine-sealer interface that limits fluid penetration. This strategy was based on the grafting of aliphatic carbon chains on the dentine through a silanization with the silane end groups [octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and octadecyltriethoxysilane]. Dentine surface was previously pretreated, applying ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite, to expose hydroxyl groups of collagen for the silane grafting. Collagen fibers exposure after pretreatment was visible with scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed their correct exposition for the silanization (amide I and II, with 1630, 1580, and 1538 cm⁻¹ peaks corresponding to the vibration of C=O and C--N bonds). The grafting of aliphatic carbon chains was confirmed by FTIR (peaks at 2952 and 2923 cm⁻¹ corresponding to the stretching of C--H bonds) and by the increasing of the water contact angle. The most efficient hydrophobization was obtained with OTS in ethyl acetate, with a water contact angle turning from 51° to 109°. Gas and liquid permeability tests showed an increased seal tightness after silanization: the mean gas and water flows dropped from 2.02 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.62 × 10⁻⁸ mol s⁻¹ and from 10.8 × 10⁻³ to 5.4 × 10⁻³ µL min⁻¹, respectively. These results show clear evidences to turn hydrophilic dentine surface into a hydrophobic surface that may improve endodontic sealing.
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Study of the potential oxidative stress induced by six solvents in the rat brain. Neurotoxicology 2012; 35:71-83. [PMID: 23270871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action involved in the neurotoxicity of solvents are poorly understood. In vitro studies have suggested that the effects of some solvents might be due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study assesses hydroxyl radical (OH) generation and measures malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the cerebral tissue of rats exposed to six solvents (n-hexane, n-octane, toluene, n-butylbenzene, cyclohexane and 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane). Three of these solvents have been shown to generate ROS in studies carried out in vitro on granular cell cultures from rat cerebellum. We assessed OH production by quantifying the rate of formation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid using a trapping agent, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, infused via the microdialysis probe, into the prefrontal cortex of rats exposed intraperitoneally to the solvents. Extracellular MDA was quantified in microdialysates collected from the prefrontal cortex of rats exposed, 6h/day for ten days, to 1000ppm of the solvents (except for n-butylbenzene, generated at 830ppm) in inhalation chambers. Tissue levels of free and total MDA were measured in different brain structures for rats acutely (intraperitoneal route) and sub-acutely (inhalation) exposed to solvents. None of the six solvents studied increased the production of hydroxyl radicals in the prefrontal cortex after acute administration. Nor did they increase extracellular or tissue levels of MDA after 10 days' inhalation exposure. On the other hand, a decrease in the concentrations of free MDA in brain structures was observed after acute administration of n-hexane, 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane, toluene and n-butylbenzene. Therefore, data of this study carried out in vivo did not confirm observations made in vitro on cell cultures.
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Scelfo B, Politi M, Reniero F, Palosaari T, Whelan M, Zaldívar JM. Application of multielectrode array (MEA) chips for the evaluation of mixtures neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2012; 299:172-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Adult neuropsychological performance following prenatal and early postnatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:350-9. [PMID: 22522125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This population-based retrospective cohort study examined adult performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests in relation to prenatal and early postnatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Subjects were identified through birth records from 1969 through 1983. Exposure was modeled using pipe network information from town water departments, a PCE leaching and transport algorithm, EPANet water flow modeling software, and a Geographic Information System (GIS). Results of crude and multivariate analyses among 35 exposed and 28 unexposed subjects showed no association between prenatal and early postnatal exposure and decrements on tests that assess abilities in the domains of omnibus intelligence, academic achievement or language. The results were suggestive of an association between prenatal and early postnatal PCE exposure and diminished performance on tests that assessed abilities in the domains of visuospatial functioning, learning and memory, motor, attention and mood. Because the sample size was small, most findings were not statistically significant. Future studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to further define the neuropsychological consequences of early developmental PCE exposure.
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Blossom SJ, Melnyk S, Cooney CA, Gilbert KM, James SJ. Postnatal exposure to trichloroethylene alters glutathione redox homeostasis, methylation potential, and neurotrophin expression in the mouse hippocampus. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1518-1527. [PMID: 22421312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that continuous exposure throughout gestation until the juvenile period to environmentally relevant doses of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the drinking water of MRL+/+ mice promoted adverse behavior associated with glutathione depletion in the cerebellum indicating increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to extend our findings and further characterize the impact of TCE exposure on redox homeostasis and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the hippocampus, a brain region prone to oxidative stress. Instead of a continuous exposure, the mice were exposed to water only or two environmentally relevant doses of TCE in the drinking water postnatally from birth until 6 weeks of age. Biomarkers of plasma metabolites in the transsulfuration pathway and the transmethylation pathway of the methionine cycle were also examined. Gene expression of neurotrophins was examined to investigate a possible relationship between oxidative stress, redox imbalance and neurotrophic factor expression with TCE exposure. Our results show that hippocampi isolated from male mice exposed to TCE showed altered glutathione redox homeostasis indicating a more oxidized state. Also observed was a significant, dose dependent increase in glutathione precursors. Plasma from the TCE treated mice showed alterations in metabolites in the transsulfuration and transmethylation pathways indicating redox imbalance and altered methylation capacity. 3-Nitrotyrosine, a biomarker of protein oxidative stress, was also significantly higher in plasma and hippocampus of TCE-exposed mice compared to controls. In contrast, expression of key neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus (BDNF, NGF, and NT-3) was significantly reduced compared to controls. Our results demonstrate that low-level postnatal and early life TCE exposure modulates neurotrophin gene expression in the mouse hippocampus and may provide a mechanism for TCE-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States.
| | - Stepan Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States
| | - Craig A Cooney
- Department of Research and Development, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Kathleen M Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States
| | - S Jill James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States
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Haavik J, Halmøy A, Hegvik TA, Johansson S. Maternal genotypes as predictors of offspring mental health: the next frontier of genomic medicine? FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.11.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that the in utero microenvironment is influenced by the maternal genotype and that such genetic differences can affect the prenatal development and long-term health of the offspring. This article reviews recent evidence for such effects on offspring mental health, with an emphasis on common neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder, autism and schizophrenia. We conclude that prenatal programming of offspring behavior has been found to be important both in humans and animal models and that this mechanism may explain some of the ‘missing heritability’ reported for genetic studies of complex disorders. Combining genetic and epidemiological research strategies, it is possible to disentangle the different effects of prenatal environmental and genetic exposures, which are particularly attractive candidates for primary prevention and early intervention strategies, for instance by correcting for metabolic deficiencies during critical weeks of prenatal development. Combined with advancing DNA sequencing and genotyping technologies, this knowledge may gradually transform our approach to psychiatric diagnostics, prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Halmøy
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor-Arne Hegvik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
- Center of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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