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Brzezinski M, Martin L, Simpson K, Lu K, Gan N, Huang C, Garcia K, Liu Z, Xu W. Photodegradation enhances the toxic effect of anthracene on skin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134386. [PMID: 38663297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a widespread environmental pollutant that poses potential risks to human health. Exposure to anthracene can result in various adverse health effects, including skin-related disorders. Photo exposure sufficiently removes the anthracene from the environment but also generates more degradation products which can be more toxic. The goal of this study was to assess the change in anthracene dermotoxicity caused by photodegradation and understand the mechanism of this change. In the present study, over 99.99% of anthracene was degraded within 24 h of sunlight exposure, while producing many intermediate products including 9,10-anthraquinone and phthalic acid. The anthracene products with different durations of photo exposure were applied to 2D and 3D human keratinocyte cultures. Although the non-degraded anthracene significantly delayed the cell migration, the cell viability and differentiation decreased dramatically in the presence of the photodegraded anthracene. Anthracene photodegradation products also altered the expression patterns of a number of inflammation-related genes in comparison to the control cells. Among these genes, il1a, il1b, il8, cxcl2, s100a9, and mmp1 were upregulated whereas the tlr4 and mmp3 were downregulated by the photodegraded anthracene. Topical deliveries of the photodegraded and non-degraded anthracene to the dorsal skin of hairless mice showed more toxic effects by the photodegraded anthracene. The 4-hour photodegradation products of anthracene thickened the epidermal layer, increased the dermal cellularity, and induced the upregulation of inflammatory markers, il1a, il1b, s100a9, and mmp1. In addition, it also prevented the production of a gap junction protein, Connexin-43. All the evidence suggested that photodegradation enhanced the toxicities of anthracene to the skin. The 4-hour photodegradation products of anthracene led to clinical signs similar to acute inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic and contact dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis. Therefore, the potential risk of skin irritation by anthracene should be also considered when an individual is exposed to PAHs, especially in environments with strong sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Brzezinski
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Leisha Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Kayla Simpson
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Kaijun Lu
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute 750 Channel View Drive Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Nin Gan
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Chi Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Kaitlin Garcia
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute 750 Channel View Drive Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
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2
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Sarwar MS, Ramirez CN, Kuo HCD, Chou P, Wu R, Sargsyan D, Yang Y, Shannar A, Peter RM, Yin R, Wang Y, Su X, Kong AN. Triterpenoid ursolic acid regulates the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene-driven epigenetic and metabolic alterations in SKH-1 hairless mice for skin cancer interception. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:288-299. [PMID: 38466106 PMCID: PMC11102768 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens accountable to developing skin cancers. Recently, we reported that exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a common PAH, causes epigenetic and metabolic alterations in the initiation, promotion and progression of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). As a follow-up investigation, this study examines how dietary triterpenoid ursolic acid (UA) regulates B[a]P-driven epigenetic and metabolic pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice. Our results show UA intercepts against B[a]P-induced tumorigenesis at different stages of NMSC. Epigenomic cytosines followed by guanine residues (CpG) methyl-seq data showed UA diminished B[a]P-mediated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) profiles. Transcriptomic RNA-seq revealed UA revoked B[a]P-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of skin cancer-related genes, such as leucine-rich repeat LGI family member 2 (Lgi2) and kallikrein-related peptidase 13 (Klk13), indicating UA plays a vital role in B[a]P-mediated gene regulation and its potential consequences in NMSC interception. Association analysis of DEGs and DMRs found that the mRNA expression of KLK13 gene was correlated with the promoter CpG methylation status in the early-stage comparison group, indicating UA could regulate the KLK13 by modulating its promoter methylation at an early stage of NMSC. The metabolomic study showed UA alters B[a]P-regulated cancer-associated metabolisms like thiamin metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism during the initiation phase; pyruvate, citrate and thiamin metabolism during the promotion phase; and beta-alanine and pathothenate coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis during the late progression phase. Taken together, UA reverses B[a]P-driven epigenetic, transcriptomic and metabolic reprogramming, potentially contributing to the overall cancer interception against B[a]P-mediated NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina N Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Pochung Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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3
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Williams-Clayson AM, Vane CH, Jones MD, Thomas R, Taylor C, Beriro DJ. Dermal absorption of high molecular weight parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from manufactured gas plant soils using in vitro assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133858. [PMID: 38493626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
An enhanced in vitro human dermal bioavailability method was developed to measure the release of twenty parent and seven alkylated high molecular weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soils collected from five former manufactured Gas Plants (MGP) in England. GC-MS/MS was used to quantify HMW PAHs in soil, Strat-M artificial membrane representing skin, and synthetic receptor solution (RS) representing systemic circulation at 1-h, 10-h, and 24-h timesteps. Fluoranthene and pyrene exhibited the highest fluxes from soils to membrane (ranging from 9.5 - 281 ng/cm2/h) and soil to RS (
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Zhao L, Yao T, Zhao Y, Sun S, Lyu C, Zhao W. Reduction strategies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmland soils: Microbial degradation, plant transport inhibition, and their mechanistic analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133397. [PMID: 38198863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the abatement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a global pollutant, in farmland soils. Seven controlled PAHs in China were used as the target ligands, and four key target receptors degradable PAHs and two key target receptors transport PAHs were used as the target receptors. Firstly, the degradation abilities of the four key target receptors on PAHs were quantified, and the dominant target receptors that could efficiently degrade PAHs were screened out. Then, the co-degradation abilities of PAHs under the coexistence of the dominant target receptors (microbial diversity) were assessed, and 30 external condition-adding schemes to promote the microbial (co-)degradation of PAHs were designed. In addition, the microbial dominant target receptor mutants and the plant key target receptor mutants were obtained, the degradation and transportation of PAHs were improved by 8.06%∼22.27% and 39.86%∼45.43%. Finally, the mechanism analysis of PAHs biodegradation and transportation found that the Van der Waals interactions dominated the enhancement of PAHs' degradation in soil, and the solvation capacity dominated the decrease of PAHs' transportation in plant. This study aims to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of PAHs residue pollution in farmland soil, as well as the protection of human dietary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Tianfu Yao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Shuhai Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Cong Lyu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wenjin Zhao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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5
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Zhang D, Song J, Cai M, Li Y, Wu Y. Preliminary study on the enhanced bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil in Beijing and assessment of remediation effects based on toxicity tests. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:103. [PMID: 38436752 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at typical coking-polluted sites in Beijing, conducted research on enhanced PAH bioremediation and methods to evaluate remediation effects based on toxicity testing, and examined changes in pollutant concentrations during ozone preoxidation coupled with biodegradation in test soil samples. The toxicity of mixed PAHs in soil was directly evaluated using the Ames test, and the correlation between mixed PAH mutagenicity and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) toxicity was investigated in an effort to establish a carcinogenic risk assessment model based on biological toxicity tests to evaluate remediation effects on PAH-contaminated soil. This study provides a theoretical and methodological foundation for evaluating the effect of bioremediation on PAH-contaminated soil at industrially contaminated sites. The results revealed that the removal rate of PAHs after 5 min of O3 preoxidation and 4 weeks of soil reaction with saponin surfactants and medium was 83.22%. The soil PAH extract obtained after remediation had a positive effect on the TA98 strain at a dose of 2000 μg·dish-1, and the carcinogenic risk based on the Ames toxicity test was 8.98 times greater than that calculated by conventional carcinogenic PAH toxicity parameters. The total carcinogenic risk of the remediated soil samples was approximately one order of magnitude less than that of the original soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China.
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Jinmei Song
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing, 100037, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing, 100037, China
- College of Resources, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Minqi Cai
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing, 100037, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yandan Li
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing, 100037, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing, 100037, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing, 100037, China
- College of Resources, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Capital Air Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100044, China
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6
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Bharathi D, Lee J, Vinayagam Y, Banerjee M, Ramanathan G, Al-Ansari MM, Venkatraman G, V DR. Benzopyrene elimination from the environment using graphitic carbon nitride-SnS nanocomposites. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141352. [PMID: 38307332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Benzopyrene (BaP) stands as a potent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecule, boasting five fused aromatic rings, making its way into the human food chain through soil contamination. The persistent environmental presence of PAHs in soil, attributed to industrial exposure, is primarily due to their low molecular weight and hydrophobic nature. To preemptively address the entry of BaP into the food chain, the application of nanocomposites was identified as an effective remediation strategy. Post-synthesis, comprehensive characterization tests employing techniques such as UV-DRS, XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and DLS unveiled the distinctive features of the g-C3N4-SnS nanocomposites. These nanocomposites exhibited spherical shapes embedded on layers of nanosheets, boasting particle diameters measuring 88.9 nm. Subsequent tests were conducted to assess the efficacy of eliminating benzopyrene from a combination of PAH molecules and g-C3N4-SnS nanocomposites. Varied parameters, including PAH concentration, adsorbent dosage, and suspension pH, were systematically explored. The optimized conditions for the efficient removal of BaP utilizing the g-C3N4-SnS nanocomposite involved 2 μg/mL of benzopyrene, 10 μg/mL of the nanocomposite, and a pH of 5, considering UV light as the irradiation source. The investigation into the mechanism governing BaP elimination closely aligned with batch adsorption results involved a thorough exploration of adsorption kinetics and isotherms. Photocatalytic degradation of benzopyrene was achieved, reaching a maximum of 86 % in 4 h and 36 % in 2 h, with g-C3N4-SnS nanocomposite acting as the catalyst. Further validation through HPLC data confirmed the successful removal of BaP from the soil matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Bharathi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yamini Vinayagam
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manosi Banerjee
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, P.O. Box-2455, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devi Rajeswari V
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Peno-Mazzarino L, Radionov N, Merino M, González S, Mullor JL, Jones J, Caturla N. Protective Potential of a Botanical-Based Supplement Ingredient against the Impact of Environmental Pollution on Cutaneous and Cardiopulmonary Systems: Preclinical Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1530-1555. [PMID: 38392217 PMCID: PMC10887869 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a growing threat to human health. Airborne pollution effects on respiratory, cardiovascular and skin health are well-established. The main mechanisms of air-pollution-induced health effects involve oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study evaluates the potential of a polyphenol-enriched food supplement ingredient comprising Lippia citriodora, Olea europaea, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Sophora japonica extracts in mitigating the adverse effects of environmental pollution on skin and cardiopulmonary systems. Both in vitro and ex vivo studies were used to assess the blend's effects against pollution-induced damage. In these studies, the botanical blend was found to reduce lipid peroxidation, inflammation (by reducing IL-1α), and metabolic alterations (by regulating MT-1H, AhR, and Nrf2 expression) in human skin explants exposed to a mixture of pollutants. Similar results were also observed in keratinocytes exposed to urban dust. Moreover, the ingredient significantly reduced pollutant-induced ROS production in human endothelial cells and lung fibroblasts, while downregulating the expression of apoptotic genes (bcl-2 and bax) in lung fibroblasts. Additionally, the blend counteracted the effect of urban dust on the heart rate in zebrafish embryos. These results support the potential use of this supplement as an adjuvant method to reduce the impact of environmental pollution on the skin, lungs, and cardiovascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Radionov
- Laboratoire BIO-EC, Chemin de Saulxier 1, 91160 Longjumeau, France
| | - Marián Merino
- Bionos Biotech, S.L. Biopolo La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Bionos Biotech, S.L. Biopolo La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Mullor
- Bionos Biotech, S.L. Biopolo La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Caturla
- Monteloeder SA, Miguel Servet 16, 03203 Elche, Spain
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Ben S, Li S, Gu D, Zhao L, Xu S, Ding Z, Chen S, Cheng Y, Xin J, Du M, Wang M. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure affects colorectal cancer susceptibility by regulating ERβ-mediated LINC02977 transcription. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108443. [PMID: 38277997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced through the incomplete combustion of organic material. While PAHs have been investigated as genotoxicants, they can also operate through nongenotoxic pathways in estrogen-dependent malignancies, such as breast, cervical and ovarian cancer. However, whether PAHs induce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through estrogenic effects is still illusive. Here, we systematically investigated the abnormal expression and activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) regulated by PAHs in CRC as well as the underlying mechanisms of ERβ-mediated CRC risk. Based on the 300 plasma samples from CRC patients and healthy controls detected by GC-MS/MS, we found that the plasma concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were significantly higher in CRC cases than in healthy controls, with significant estrogenic effects. Moreover, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2)-induced deacetylation of the promoter decreases ERβ expression, which is associated with poor overall survival and advanced tumor stage. The study also revealed that BaP and estradiol (E2) had different carcinogenic effects, with BaP promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, while E2 had the opposite effects. Additionally, this study mapped ERβ genomic binding regions by performing ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq and identified genetic variants of rs1411680 and its high linkage disequilibrium SNP rs6477937, which were significantly associated with CRC risk through meta-analysis of two independent Chinese population genome-wide association studies comprising 2,248 cases and 3,173 controls and then validation in a large-scale European population. By integrating data from functional genomics, we validated the regulatory effect of rs6477937 as an ERβ binding-disrupting SNP that mediated allele-specific expression of LINC02977 in a long-range chromosomal interaction manner, which was found to be highly expressed in CRC tissues. Overall, this study suggests that the different active effects on ERβ by PAHs and endogenous E2 may play a crucial role in the development and progression of CRC and highlights the potential of targeting ERβ and its downstream targets for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ben
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shenya Xu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhutao Ding
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Silu Chen
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China.
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9
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Santana AM, Comas A, Mohammad-Pour GS, Uribe-Romo FJ, Campiglia AD. Chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis of Dibenzo[b,l]Fluoranthene and its determination in SRM 1597a by laser-excited time-resolved Shpol'skii spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341835. [PMID: 37827650 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with molecular mass 302 Da are the most investigated PAHs within the high molecular weight PAHs class. This PAH class contributes to a significant portion of the mutagenic and/or carcinogenic response associated to the PAH fraction present in environmental and combustion-related samples. Several reasons prevent the routine analysis of 302 Da PAHs in environmental samples, including large number of possible isomers, limited number of commercially available reference standards, and low concentration levels. RESULTS These studies search for a newly synthetized dibenzo-fluoranthene of molecular mass 302 Da, namely dibenzo[b,l]fluoranthene, in a standard reference material (SRM 1597a) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The eluting behavior of dibenzo[b,l]fluoranthene is investigated under reversed-phase liquid chromatographic conditions for its determination via absorption and fluorescence detection. Vibrationally resolved spectra and fluorescence lifetimes recorded from octane matrices at 77 K and 4.2 K allow for its qualitative and quantitative analysis at the parts-per-trillion concentration levels. Its unambiguous determination is then reported for the first time in the SRM 1597a. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Of the 89 possible 302 Da PAH isomers, only 23 isomers have been identified in SRMs and/or environmental samples. The determination of dibenzo[b,l]fluoranthene in the SRM 1597a takes a step forward to fulfilling this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Science Room 255, Orlando, Fl, 32816-8005, United States
| | - Ahmed Comas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Science Room 255, Orlando, Fl, 32816-8005, United States
| | - Gavin S Mohammad-Pour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Science Room 255, Orlando, Fl, 32816-8005, United States
| | - Fernando J Uribe-Romo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Science Room 255, Orlando, Fl, 32816-8005, United States
| | - Andres D Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Science Room 255, Orlando, Fl, 32816-8005, United States.
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10
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Maier MLV, Siddens LK, Pennington JM, Uesugi SL, Labut EM, Vertel EA, Anderson KA, Tidwell LG, Tilton SC, Ognibene TJ, Turteltaub KW, Smith JN, Williams DE. Impact of phenanthrene co-administration on the toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in humans. UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry following oral microdosing. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110608. [PMID: 37369263 PMCID: PMC10782561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Current risk assessments for environmental carcinogens rely on animal studies utilizing doses orders of magnitude higher than actual human exposures. Epidemiological studies of people with high exposures (e.g., occupational) are of value, but rely on uncertain exposure data. In addition, exposures are typically not to a single chemical but to mixtures, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The extremely high sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) allows for dosing humans with known carcinogens with de minimus risk. In this study UPLC-AMS was used to assess the toxicokinetics of [14C]-benzo[a]pyrene ([14C]-BaP) when dosed alone or in a binary mixture with phenanthrene (Phe). Plasma was collected for 48 h following a dose of [14C]-BaP (50 ng, 5.4 nCi) or the same dose of [14C]-BaP plus Phe (1250 ng). Following the binary mixture, Cmax of [14C]-BaP significantly decreased (4.4-fold) whereas the volume of distribution (Vd) increased (2-fold). Further, the toxicokinetics of twelve [14C]-BaP metabolites provided evidence of little change in the metabolite profile of [14C]-BaP and the pattern was overall reduction consistent with reduced absorption (decrease in Cmax). Although Phe was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the major hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) responsible for metabolism of [14C]-BaP, CYP1A2, the high inhibition constant (Ki) and lack of any increase in unmetabolized [14C]-BaP in plasma makes this mechanism unlikely to be responsible. Rather, co-administration of Phe reduces the absorption of [14C]-BaP through a mechanism yet to be determined. This is the first study to provide evidence that, at actual environmental levels of exposure, the toxicokinetics of [14C]-BaP in humans is markedly altered by the presence of a second PAH, Phe, a common component of environmental PAH mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vermillion Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Edwin M Labut
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Emily A Vertel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lane G Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA; Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Jordan N Smith
- NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Chemical Biology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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11
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Sarwar MS, Ramirez CN, Dina Kuo HC, Chou P, Wu R, Sargsyan D, Yang Y, Shannar A, Mary Peter R, Yin R, Wang Y, Su X, Kong AN. The environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene regulates epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic rewiring in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:436-449. [PMID: 37100755 PMCID: PMC10414144 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in the world. Environmental exposure to carcinogens is one of the major causes of NMSC initiation and progression. In the current study, we utilized a two-stage skin carcinogenesis mouse model generated by sequential exposure to cancer-initiating agent benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), to study epigenetic, transcriptomic and metabolic changes at different stages during the development of NMSC. BaP/TPA caused significant alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in skin carcinogenesis, as evidenced by DNA-seq and RNA-seq analysis. Correlation analysis between differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated regions found that the mRNA expression of oncogenes leucine rich repeat LGI family member 2 (Lgi2), kallikrein-related peptidase 13 (Klk13) and SRY-Box transcription factor (Sox5) are correlated with the promoter CpG methylation status, indicating BaP/TPA regulates these oncogenes through regulating their promoter methylation at different stages of NMSC. Pathway analysis identified that the modulation of macrophage-stimulating protein-recepteur d'origine nantais and high-mobility group box 1 signaling pathways, superpathway of melatonin degradation, melatonin degradation 1, sirtuin signaling and actin cytoskeleton signaling pathways are associated with the development of NMSC. The metabolomic study showed BaP/TPA regulated cancer-associated metabolisms like pyrimidine and amino acid metabolisms/metabolites and epigenetic-associated metabolites, such as S-adenosylmethionine, methionine and 5-methylcytosine, indicating a critical role in carcinogen-mediated metabolic reprogramming and its consequences on cancer development. Altogether, this study provides novel insights integrating methylomic, transcriptomic and metabolic-signaling pathways that could benefit future skin cancer treatment and interception studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina N Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Pochung Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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12
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Nahar A, Akbor MA, Sarker S, Bakar Siddique MA, Shaikh MAA, Chowdhury NJ, Ahmed S, Hasan M, Sultana S. Dissemination and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment of Buriganga and Dhaleswari rivers of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18465. [PMID: 37560670 PMCID: PMC10407051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentration, source, ecological and health risks of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were estimated for water and sediment samples of two urban rivers namely Buriganga River (BR) and Dhaleswari River (DR). The mean concentration of ∑PAHs in BR water and sediment were 9619.2 ngL-1 and 351.6 ngg-1, respectively. Furthermore, the average PAH concentrations detected in DR water and sediment were 1979.1 ngL-1 and 792.9 ngg-1, respectively. The composition profile showed that 3-ring PAHs were dominant in the water matrix; however, 5-ring PAHs were prevalent in the sediment samples of both rivers. Sources apportion study of PAHs indicated that mixed combustion and petroleum sources are responsible for PAHs contamination in the rivers. Ecological risk study of water suggested that the aquatic lives of both rivers are threatened by Fla, BbF, BkF, DahA, and IcdP, as presented above the threshold level. Comparison with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) indicated that adverse effects might cause occasionally in the sediment ecosystem in DR at certain sampling sites for Nap, Acy, Fl, Phe, Ant, Pyr, Chr, BaP, and DahA. On the other hand, the presence of Nap, Acy and DahA might occasionally cause adverse biological effects in the BR sediment ecosystem. Estimated hazard quotient (HI > 1) and carcinogenic risk (CRtotal > 10-4) values indicated that local inhabitants living in the vicinity of the rivers are prone to high health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynun Nahar
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ahedul Akbor
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shudeepta Sarker
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, 27695, USA
| | - Md. Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nushrat Jahan Chowdhury
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Ahmed
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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13
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Bocheva G, Slominski RM, Slominski AT. Environmental Air Pollutants Affecting Skin Functions with Systemic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10502. [PMID: 37445680 PMCID: PMC10341863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in air pollution worldwide represents an environmental risk factor that has global implications for the health of humans worldwide. The skin of billions of people is exposed to a mixture of harmful air pollutants, which can affect its physiology and are responsible for cutaneous damage. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are photoreactive and could be activated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Therefore, such UVR exposure would enhance their deleterious effects on the skin. Air pollution also affects vitamin D synthesis by reducing UVB radiation, which is essential for the production of vitamin D3, tachysterol, and lumisterol derivatives. Ambient air pollutants, photopollution, blue-light pollution, and cigarette smoke compromise cutaneous structural integrity, can interact with human skin microbiota, and trigger or exacerbate a range of skin diseases through various mechanisms. Generally, air pollution elicits an oxidative stress response on the skin that can activate the inflammatory responses. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can act as a sensor for small molecules such as air pollutants and plays a crucial role in responses to (photo)pollution. On the other hand, targeting AhR/Nrf2 is emerging as a novel treatment option for air pollutants that induce or exacerbate inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, AhR with downstream regulatory pathways would represent a crucial signaling system regulating the skin phenotype in a Yin and Yang fashion defined by the chemical nature of the activating factor and the cellular and tissue context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Genetics, Informatics Institute in the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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14
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Winge MCG, Kellman LN, Guo K, Tang JY, Swetter SM, Aasi SZ, Sarin KY, Chang ALS, Khavari PA. Advances in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5. [PMID: 37286893 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies arise predominantly in tissues of epithelial origin, where the stepwise transformation from healthy epithelium to premalignant dysplasia to invasive neoplasia involves sequential dysregulation of biological networks that govern essential functions of epithelial homeostasis. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prototype epithelial malignancy, often with a high tumour mutational burden. A plethora of risk genes, dominated by UV-induced sun damage, drive disease progression in conjunction with stromal interactions and local immunomodulation, enabling continuous tumour growth. Recent studies have identified subpopulations of SCC cells that specifically interact with the tumour microenvironment. These advances, along with increased knowledge of the impact of germline genetics and somatic mutations on cSCC development, have led to a greater appreciation of the complexity of skin cancer pathogenesis and have enabled progress in neoadjuvant immunotherapy, which has improved pathological complete response rates. Although measures for the prevention and therapeutic management of cSCC are associated with clinical benefit, the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease. Elucidating how the genetic mechanisms that drive cSCC interact with the tumour microenvironment is a current focus in efforts to understand, prevent and treat cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Laura N Kellman
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Konnie Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Anne Lynn S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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15
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Bonner EM, Horn GP, Smith DL, Kerber S, Fent KW, Tidwell LG, Scott RP, Adams KT, Anderson KA. Silicone passive sampling used to identify novel dermal chemical exposures of firefighters and assess PPE innovations. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114095. [PMID: 36508961 PMCID: PMC9930175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of chemicals are released into the air during combustion events, including a class of compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs have been implicated in increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, both of which are disease endpoints of concern in structural firefighters. Current commercially available personal protective equipment (PPE) typically worn by structural firefighters during fire responses have gaps in interfaces between the ensemble elements (e.g., hood and jacket) that allow for ingress of contaminants and dermal exposure. This pilot study aims to use silicone passive sampling to assess improvements in dermal protection afforded by a novel configuration of PPE, which incorporates a one-piece liner to eliminate gaps in two critical interfaces between pieces of gear. The study compared protection against parent and alkylated PAHs between the one-piece liner PPE and the standard configuration of PPE with traditional firefighting jacket and pants. Mannequins (n = 16) dressed in the PPE ensembles were placed in a Fireground Exposure Simulator for 10 min, and exposed to smoke from a combusting couch. Silicone passive samplers were placed underneath PPE at vulnerable locations near interfaces in standard PPE, and in the chamber air, to measure PAHs and calculate the dermal protection provided by both types of PPE. Silicone passive sampling methodology and analyses using gas chromatography with mass-spectrometry proved to be well-suited for this intervention study, allowing for the calculation and comparison of worker protection factors for 51 detected PAHs. Paired comparisons of the two PPE configurations found greater sum 2-3 ring PAH exposure underneath the standard PPE than the intervention PPE at the neck and chest, and at the chest for 4-7 ring PAHs (respective p-values: 0.00113, 0.0145, and 0.0196). Mean worker protection factors of the intervention PPE were also greater than the standard PPE for 98% of PAHs at the neck and chest. Notably, the intervention PPE showed more than 30 times the protection compared to the standard PPE against two highly carcinogenic PAHs, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and benzo[c]fluorene. Nine of the detected PAHs in this study have not been previously reported in fireground exposure studies, and 26 other chemicals (not PAHs) were detected using a large chemical screening method on a subset of the silicone samplers. Silicone passive sampling appears to be an effective means for measuring dermal exposure reduction to fireground smoke, providing evidence in this study that reducing gaps in PPE interfaces could be further pursued as an intervention to reduce dermal exposure to PAHs, among other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Bonner
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agricultural & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Gavin P Horn
- Fire Safety Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Columbia, MD, 21045, USA; Illinois Fire Service Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Denise L Smith
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, 815 N Broadway St, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA; Illinois Fire Service Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Steve Kerber
- Fire Safety Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Columbia, MD, 21045, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Fent
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1090 Tusculum Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA.
| | - Lane G Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agricultural & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Richard P Scott
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agricultural & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Kaley T Adams
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agricultural & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agricultural & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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16
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Dong W, Shen X, Wan Y, Cao Z, Wei Y, Liu Y. Adsorption/desorption of naphthalene and phenanthrene in a binary competitive system in the riparian zone. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3875-3890. [PMID: 34724146 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene (Nap) and phenanthrene (Phe) are organic pollutants that are of concern because of their environmental toxicity. Adsorption is a promising process for the removal of Nap and Phe from water and soil. The riparian zone between a river and a riparian aquifer, which is rich in adsorption medium, may be important for PAH remediation. Nap and Phe may be removed from the surface water through adsorption by the media in the riparian zone. However, there is still a lack of the removal patterns and mechanisms of media in the riparian zone to remediate water contaminated by Nap and Phe simultaneously. In this study, focusing on the typical PAHs (Nap and Phe) as target pollutants, batch static adsorption and desorption experiments of Nap and Phe were carried out to explore the competitive adsorption mechanisms of Nap and Phe in the binary system. Batch dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to ascertain the adsorption regulation of Nap and Phe in sediments during the recharge of groundwater by river water in a riparian zone. The static adsorption experiment results showed that competitive adsorption of Nap and Phe occurred, and a mutual inhibitory effect of Nap and Phe adsorption was observed in the binary system. Phe had a stronger inhibitory effect on Nap, Phe was preferentially adsorbed on the medium in binary adsorption. The results of batch dynamic experiments showed that, in terms of adsorption, the riparian zone in the study area showed stronger performance for removal of Phe than Nap. The results of this paper could be useful for alleviating Nap and Phe pollution of groundwater and developing treatment protocols for groundwater exposed to Nap and Phe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environments, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environments, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yuyu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environments, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environments, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environments, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
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Sousa G, Teixeira J, Delerue-Matos C, Sarmento B, Morais S, Wang X, Rodrigues F, Oliveira M. Exposure to PAHs during Firefighting Activities: A Review on Skin Levels, In Vitro/In Vivo Bioavailability, and Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12677. [PMID: 36231977 PMCID: PMC9565977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure as a firefighter is a complex activity that continuously exposes subjects to several health hazards including fire emissions during firefighting. Firefighters are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known as toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds, by inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion. In this work, a literature overview of firefighters' dermal exposure to PAHs after firefighting and data retrieved from skin in vitro/in vivo studies related to their dermal absorption, bioavailability, and associated toxicological and carcinogenic effects are reviewed. The evidence demonstrates the contamination of firefighters' skin with PAHs, mainly on the neck (2.23-62.50 ng/cm2), wrists (0.37-8.30 ng/cm2), face (2.50-4.82 ng/cm2), and hands (1.59-4.69 ng/cm2). Concentrations of possible/probable carcinogens (0.82-33.69 ng/cm2), including benzopyrene isomers, were found on firefighters' skin. PAHs penetrate the skin tissues, even at low concentrations, by absorption and/or diffusion, and are locally metabolized and distributed by the blood route to other tissues/organs. Lighter PAHs presented increased dermal permeabilities and absorption rates than heavier compounds. Topical PAHs activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and promote the enzymatic generation of reactive intermediates that may cause protein and/or DNA adducts. Future research should include in vitro/in vivo assays to perform a more realistic health risk assessment and to explore the contribution of dermal exposure to PAHs total internal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xianyu Wang
- QAEHS-Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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Das DN, Ravi N. Influences of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the epigenome toxicity and its applicability in human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113677. [PMID: 35714684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air is an escalating concern worldwide because of their ability to cause cancer and induce permanent changes in the genetic material. Growing evidence implies that during early life-sensitive stages, the risk of progression of acute and chronic diseases depends on epigenetic changes initiated by the influence of environmental cues. Several reports deciphered the relationship between exposure to environmental chemicals and epigenetics, and have known toxicants that alter the epigenetic states. Amongst PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is accepted as a group 1 cancer-causing agent by the International Agency for the Research on Cancer (IARC). B[a]P is a well-studied pro-carcinogen that is metabolically activated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/cytochrome P450 pathway. Cytochrome P450 plays a pivotal role in the stimulation step, which is essential for DNA adduct formation. Accruing evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations assume a fundamental part in PAH-promoted carcinogenesis. This interaction between PAHs and epigenetic factors results in an altered profile of these marks, globally and locus-specific. Some of the epigenetic changes due to exposure to PAHs lead to increased disease susceptibility and progression. It is well understood that exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as PAH triggers disease pathways through changes in the genome. Several evidence reported due to the epigenome-wide association studies, that early life adverse environmental events may trigger widespread and persistent variations in transcriptional profiling. Moreover, these variations respond to DNA damage and/or a consequence of epigenetic modifications that need further investigation. Growing evidence has associated PAHs with epigenetic variations involving alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, and micro RNA (miRNA) regulation. Epigenetic alterations to PAH exposure were related to chronic diseases, such as pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, endocrine disruptor, nervous system disorder, and cancer. This hormetic response gives a novel perception concerning the toxicity of PAHs and the biological reaction that may be a distinct reliance on exposure. This review sheds light on understanding the latest evidence about how PAHs can alter epigenetic patterns and human health. In conclusion, as several epigenetic change mechanisms remain unclear yet, further analyses derived from PAHs exposure must be performed to find new targets and disease biomarkers. In spite of the current limitations, numerous evidence supports the perception that epigenetics grips substantial potential for advancing our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of environmental toxicants, also for predicting health-associated risks due to environmental circumstances exposure and individual susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Nandini Das
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Ravi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Veterans Affairs St. Louis Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63106, USA.
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Haber LT, Pecquet AM, Vincent MJ, White LM. The Long Goodbye: Finally Moving on from the Relative Potency Approach to a Mixtures Approach for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159490. [PMID: 35954852 PMCID: PMC9368405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
For the past several decades, a relative potency approach has been used to estimate the human health risks from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures. Risk estimates are derived using potency equivalence factors (PEFs; also called relative potency factors [RPFs]), based on the ratio of selected PAHs to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), expressed qualitatively by orders of magnitude. To quantify PEFs for 18 selected carcinogenic PAHs, a systematic approach with a priori and dose response criteria was developed, building on draft work by the US EPA in 2010 and its review by US EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB) in 2011. An exhaustive search for carcinogenicity studies that included both target PAHs and BaP with environmentally relevant exposure routes found only 48 animal bioassay datasets (mostly pre-1992 based on skin painting). Only eight datasets provided adequate low-response data, and of these only four datasets were appropriate for modeling to estimate PEFs; only benzo[b]fluoranthene and cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene had a PEF that could be quantified. Thus, current knowledge of PAH carcinogenicity is insufficient to support quantitative PEFs for PAH mixtures. This highlights the long-acknowledged need for an interdisciplinary approach to estimate risks from PAH mixtures. Use of alternative and short-term toxicity testing methods, improved mixture characterization, understanding the fate and bioavailability of PAH mixtures, and understanding exposure route-related differences in carcinogenicity are discussed as ways to improve the understanding of the risks of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne T. Haber
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.M.P.); (M.J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alison M. Pecquet
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.M.P.); (M.J.V.)
- Syngenta AG, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
| | - Melissa J. Vincent
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.M.P.); (M.J.V.)
- ChemRisk, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Louise M. White
- Environmental Health Program, Health Canada, Halifax, NS B3J 3Y6, Canada;
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de Oliveira Galvão MF, Sadiktsis I, Marques Pedro T, Dreij K. Determination of whole mixture-based potency factors for cancer risk assessment of complex environmental mixtures by in vitro testing of standard reference materials. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107345. [PMID: 35717713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whole mixture-based testing using in vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs) has been suggested to facilitate the hazard and risk assessment of complex environmental mixtures. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of DNA damage signaling proteins checkpoint kinase 1 (pChk1) and histone 2AX (γH2AX) are sensitive markers that can be used for estimating carcinogenicity potencies in vitro. Here, and with the aim to better validate the applicability, in vitro-based Mixture Potency Factors (MPFs) of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-containing mixtures were determined and compared to published mutagenicity and tumorigenicity data. Also, genotoxicity was assessed by a flow cytometry-based micronucleus (MN) assay which showed that only benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and coal tar SRM (SRM1597a) caused dose-dependent increases of MN formation, while extracts of diesel particulate matter (SRM1650b), diesel particulate extract (SRM1975), and urban dust (SRM1649b) did not. However, a dose-dependent activation of DNA damage signaling was observed for all PAHs and SRMs. The results demonstrated that all SRMs were more potent than B[a]P, at B[a]P-equivalent concentrations, to induce pChk1 and γH2AX, and that western blot was more sensitive than the In-Cell Western assay in detecting their activation in response to these complex mixtures. Relative MPFs, based on dose-response modelling of pChk1 and γH2AX, ranged 113 - 5270 for the SRMs, indicating several orders of magnitude higher genotoxic potential than B[a]P. Moreover, these MPFs were in good agreement with potency values based on published data from Salmonella mutagenicity and in vivo carcinogenicity studies. In conclusion, these comparisons further validate the feasibility of applying in vitro NAMs, such as whole-mixture based MPFs, in cancer risk assessment of complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Sadiktsis
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiago Marques Pedro
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Chatterjee A, Khanra R, Chattopadhyay M, Ghosh S, Sahu R, Nandi G, Maji HS, Chakraborty P. Pharmacological studies of rhizomes of extract of Cyperus tegetum, emphasized on anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115035. [PMID: 35085743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE With over 950 species, Cyperus is one of the most promising health boosting genera in the Cyperaceae family. Traditional uses of Cyperus sp. have been described for gastrointestinal blood abnormalities, menstrual irregularities, and inflammatory diseases, among others. Cyperus tegetum Roxb belonging to Cyperaceae family, is used in traditional medicine to treat skin cancers. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was carried out to explore the potential effect of the extract of the plant Cyperus tegetum against different pharmacological activity namely inflammatory, analgesic activity as well as skin cancer activity in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity of the extract was measured by MTT and Live/death assay on HeLa cell line. Skin cancer was induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in mice to measure its effects. RESULT Stigmasterol and some poly phenolic compounds are identified using HPTLC process from the methanol extract of the rhizome of the plant Cyperus tegetum (CT-II). After confirmation of the presence of different polyphenolic compound and triterpenoids in the extract, it was subject to MTT and Live/death assay on HeLa cell line. From the observation it could be concluded that the IC50 of the extract is 300 μg/ml. Thus, the CTII was evaluated further for its in vivo anticancer property. In the tumorigenesis study, the number of tumor growths, the area and weight of the tumor significantly decreases with increment in the dose of CT-II extract and some elevated enzyme release in renal (creatinine, urea) as well as hepatic (AST, ALT, ALP) enzymes are also controlled with the increased dose of the same extract. The elevated enzyme release may be due to cancer induced rupture of the plasma and cellular damage. This CT-II extract also exhibits some other pharmacological activity like anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. CONCLUSION As metabolic activation via carcinogens and inflammation response plays important role in development of cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties can be correlated with anti-cancer properties. Taken all the above studies, it was illustrated that the extract of Cyperus tegetum might be a promising compound to reduce skin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Chatterjee
- Bengal School of Technology, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ritu Khanra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Santanu Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India.
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India.
| | - Himangshu Sekhar Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pranabesh Chakraborty
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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22
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Abstract
Naphthalene is one of the most hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to public health. This paper comprehensively summarized the recent development of modification methods of adsorbents for naphthalene removal in the environment. Various modification methods used in the adsorbent were summarized, mainly including acid oxidation modification, salt modification, doping modification, amino modification, microwave modification, and plasma modification. These methods enhance the adsorption performance of naphthalene mainly by changing the pore size and the oxygen content on the surface of the adsorbent. The modification parameters and their effects on naphthalene removal as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method are described in detail. This review provides the necessary inspiration and guidance for the researchers who develop polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption materials in the environment.
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Gyasi H, Curry J, Browning J, Ha K, Thomas PJ, O'Brien JM. Microsatellite mutation frequencies in river otters (Lontra Canadensis) from the Athabasca Oil Sands region are correlated to polycyclic aromatic compound tissue burden. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:172-183. [PMID: 35452555 DOI: 10.1002/em.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) have contributed to an increase of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) locally. However, many PACs found in the AOSR, and the combined effects of PAC mixtures have not been evaluated for genotoxicity in wildlife. Here, we examine whether mutation frequencies in AOSR river otters are correlated to PAC tissue burdens. We used single-molecule polymerase chain reaction (SM-PCR) to measure the mutant frequency of unstable DNA microsatellite loci in the bone marrow of wild river otters (n = 11) from the AOSR. Microsatellite mutation frequencies were regressed against liver PAC burden (total, low/high molecular weight [LMW/HMW], and parent/alkylated PACs), and to the distances from where the samples were collected to nearby bitumen upgraders. We found that microsatellite mutation frequency was positively correlated with total liver PAC burden. LMW and alkylated PACs were detected at higher levels and had a stronger positive relationship with mutation frequency than HMW (alkylated and parent) PACs. There were no significant relationships detected between mutation frequency and LMW parent PACs or the distance from bitumen upgraders. Furthermore, pyrogenic and petrogenic signatures suggest PACs in animals with high mutation frequencies were associated with combustion processes; although further investigation is warranted, due to limitations of diagnostic ratio determination with biotic models. Our findings support the hypothesis that PACs found in the AOSR increase mutation frequency in wildlife. Further investigation is required to determine if the elevated PAC levels associated with higher mutation frequency are due to natural exposure or elevated human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helina Gyasi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jory Curry
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jared Browning
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsey Ha
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Reizer E, Viskolcz B, Fiser B. Formation and growth mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A mini-review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132793. [PMID: 34762891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mostly formed during the incomplete combustion of organic materials, but their importance and presence in materials science, and astrochemistry has also been proven. These carcinogenic persistent organic pollutants are essential in the formation of combustion generated particles as well. Due to their significant impact on the environment and human health, to understand the formation and growth of PAHs is essential. Therefore, the most important growth mechanisms are reviewed, and presented here from the past four decades (1981-2021) to initiate discussions from a new perspective. Although, the collected and analyzed observations are derived from both experimental, and computational studies, it is neither a systematic nor a comprehensive review. Nevertheless, the mechanisms were divided into three main categories, acetylene additions (e.g. HACA), vinylacetylene additions (HAVA), and radical reactions, and discussed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Reizer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Béla Fiser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Ferenc Rákóczi II. Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, UA, 90200, Beregszász, Transcarpathia, Ukraine.
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25
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Reizer E, Fiser B. Potential reaction initiation points of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Saleh SAK, Adly HM, Aljahdali IA, Khafagy AA. Correlation of Occupational Exposure to Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (cPAHs) and Blood Levels of p53 and p21 Protiens. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020260. [PMID: 35204761 PMCID: PMC8961663 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) are considered the most serious cancer risk. This study was conducted to assess the effect of acute exposure to cPAHs on cancer biomarker proteins p53 and p21 in occupational workers during the hajj season in Makkah. One hundred five participants were recruited, including occupational workers and apparently healthy individuals; air samples were collected using personal sample monitors to identify the subjects’ exposure to cPAHs. Quantitative analyses of benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), dibenzo(a,h)fluronathene (DBA), indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IND) and chyresene (CRY) were carried out using the GC/Mass technique. Serum p53 and p21 proteins were analyzed using ELISA. The ambient air samples collected by the occupationally exposed group were more highly polluted by cPAHs, (90.25 ± 14.1) ng/m3, than those of the unexposed control groups, (30.12 ± 5.56) ng/m3. The concentration of distributive cPAHs was markedly more elevated in the air samples of the exposed group than in those taken from the non-exposed group. The study results demonstrated significant links between short-term exposure to cPAHs and serum p53 and p21 levels. Serum p53 and p21 proteins potentially influence biomarkers when exposed to ambient air cPAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. K. Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Adly
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (A.A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Imad A. Aljahdali
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Abdullah A. Khafagy
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (A.A.K.)
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Exposome and Skin. Part 2. The Influential Role of the Exposome, Beyond UVR, in Actinic Keratosis, Bowen's Disease and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proposal. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:361-380. [PMID: 35112326 PMCID: PMC8850498 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is the main risk factor for the development of cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It represents the first sign of severe chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure, which has a clear significant effect. Nevertheless, the skin is exposed to many other exposome factors which should be thoroughly considered. Our aim was to assess the impact of exposome factors other than ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the etiopathology of AK and Bowen's disease (BD) and progression of AK to SCC and to design tailored prevention strategies. We performed an exhaustive literature search in September 2021 through PubMed on the impact of exposome factors other than UVR on AK, BD and SCC. We conducted several parallel searches combining terms of the following topics: AK, BD, SCC and microbiome, hormones, nutrition, alcohol, tobacco, viral infections, chemical contaminants and air pollution. Notably, skin microbiome studies have shown how Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with AK and AK-to-SCC progression by the production of chronic inflammation. Nutritional studies have demonstrated how a caloric restriction in fat intake, oral nicotinamide and moderate consumption of wine significantly reduce the number of premalignant keratoses and SCC. Regarding lifestyle factors, both alcohol and smoking are associated with the development of SCC in a dose-dependent manner. Relevant environmental factors are viral infections and chemical contaminants. Human papillomavirus infections induce deregulation of cellular proliferation and are associated with AK, BD and SCC. In addition to outdoor jobs, occupations such as industrial processing and farming also increase the risk of developing keratoses and SCC. The exposome of AK will undoubtedly help the understanding of its etiopathology and possible progression to SCC and will serve as a basis to design tailored prevention strategies.
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Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Natural, Synthetic and Modified Clays. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of major scientific concern owing to their widespread presence in environmental compartments and their potential toxicological effects on humans and biota. In this study, the adsorption capacity of natural (montmorillonite (Mt)), synthetic (Na-Mica-4), and modified (with octadecylamine and octadecyltrimethylamine (ODA-Mt, ODA-Mica-4, and ODTMA-Mt and ODTMA-Mica-4)) clays were assessed and compared for the removal of 16 PAHs. Materials were synthesized and characterized by X-Ray diffraction, Zeta potential, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed its correct preparation and the incorporation of PAHs in the structure of the clays after the adsorption tests. The proposed materials were effective PAH adsorbents, with adsorption percentages close to 100%, in particular those using Mt. Mt and Na-Mica-4 presented a better adsorption capacity than their organofunctionalized derivatives, indicating that the adsorption of PAHs may occur both in the surface part and in the interlayer. The proposed adsorbents take the advantage of being a low cost and highly effective. They can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment and soil remediation to prevent PAH contamination.
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Hoang AQ, Suzuki G, Michinaka C, Tue NM, Tuyen LH, Tu MB, Takahashi S. Characterization of unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settled dust: Combination of instrumental analysis and in vitro reporter gene assays and implications for cancer risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147821. [PMID: 34029822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 34 unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and Me-PAHs) and AhR-mediated activities in settled dust samples were determined by a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and an in vitro reporter gene assay (PAH-CALUX). The levels of Σ34PAHs and bioassay-derived benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (CALUX BaP-EQs) were significantly higher in workplace dust from informal end-of-life vehicle dismantling workshops than in common house dust and road dust. In all the samples, the theoretical BaP-EQs of PAHs (calculated using PAH-CALUX relative potencies) accounted for 28 ± 19% of the CALUX BaP-EQs, suggesting significant contribution of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and/or mixture effects. Interestingly, the bioassay-derived BaP-EQs in these samples were significantly correlated with not only unsubstituted PAHs with known carcinogenic potencies but also many Me-PAHs, which should be included in future monitoring and toxicity tests. The bioassay responses of many sample extracts were substantially reduced but not suppressed with sulfuric acid treatment, indicating contribution of persistent AhR agonists. Cancer risk assessment based on the CALUX BaP-EQs has revealed unacceptable level of risk in many cases. The application of bioassay-derived BaP-EQs may reduce underestimation in environmental management and risk evaluation regarding PAHs and their derivatives (notably Me-PAHs), suggesting a consideration of using in vitro toxic activity instead of conventional chemical-specific approach in such assessment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 11000, Viet Nam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Chieko Michinaka
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 11000, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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Damevska K, Simeonovski V, Darlenski R, Damevska S. How to prevent skin damage from air pollution part 2: Current treatment options. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15132. [PMID: 34528361 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this review, we have summarized the methods used to examine skin exposure to air pollution and the fundamental concept of skin-exposome interactions. Part 2 of this review focuses on dermatoses, whose aggravation or initiation by air pollution has been confirmed in evidence based medicine manner. Based on the model of photodermatology and photodermatoses, we propose a new concept of "polludermatoses." A key feature of this concept is identifying patients at risk, which will reveal the noxious effects of air pollutants on skin health. Identifying clinical signs of pollution-damaged skin could be beneficial in categorizing conditions caused or exacerbated by exposure to air pollution. Finally, we discuss the current treatment options and the pathogenetic processes targeted by these therapeutics or the development of novel treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Damevska
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, University Clinic for Dermatology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, University Clinic for Dermatology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.,Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Sultana OF, Lee S, Seo H, Mahmud HA, Kim S, Seo A, Kim M, Song HY. Biodegradation and Removal of PAHs by Bacillus velezensis Isolated from Fermented Food. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:999-1010. [PMID: 34024889 PMCID: PMC9705940 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2104.04023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment. They are highly toxigenic and carcinogenic. Probiotic bacteria isolated from fermented foods were tested to check their ability to degrade and/or detoxify PAHs. Five probiotic bacteria with distinct morphologies were isolated from a mixture of 26 fermented foods co-cultured with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) containing Bushnell Haas minimal broth. Among them, B. velezensis (PMC10) significantly reduced the abundance of BaP in the broth. PMC10 completely degraded BaP presented at a lower concentration in broth culture. B. velezensis also showed a clear zone of degradation on a BaP-coated Bushnell Haas agar plate. Gene expression profiling showed significant increases of PAH ringhydroxylating dioxygenases and 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase genes in B. velezensis in response to BaP treatment. In addtion, both live and heat-killed B. velezensis removed BaP and naphthalene (Nap) from phosphate buffer solution. Live B. velezensis did not show any cytotoxicity to macrophage or human dermal fibroblast cells. Live-cell and cell-free supernatant of B. velezensis showed potential anti-inflammatory effects. Cell-free supernatant and extract of B. velezensis also showed free radical scavenging effects. These results highlight the prospective ability of B. velezensis to biodegrade and remove toxic PAHs from the human body and suggest that the biodegradation of BaP might be regulated by ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase-initiated metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omme Fatema Sultana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hafij Al Mahmud
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Seo
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-570-2412 Fax: +82-41-577-2415 E-mail:
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32
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Jerin I, Rahi MS, Sultan T, Islam MS, Sajib SA, Hoque KMF, Reza MA. Diesel degradation efficiency of Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Cedecea sp. isolated from petroleum waste dumping site: a bioremediation view point. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5075-5084. [PMID: 34302508 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation through biodegradation is applied for cleaning up several environmental pollutions including petroleum oil spill containing petrol, diesel, mobil, kerosene, lubricating, etc. which have devastated several endangered terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the current research was aimed to isolate and identify diesel degrading bacteria from the petroleum waste dumping site and determined their degrading efficiency. The bacterial strains were isolated through a minimum salt medium supplemented with 2% diesel as the sole carbon source. The bacteria were identified by morphological, biochemical characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The optimized growth pattern was evaluated by utilization of a wide range of temperatures (25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) and pH (5,6,7 and 8) as well as different concentrations of diesel (2, 3, 5and 7%). Finally, the degradation rate was determined by measuring the residual diesel after 7, 14, and 21 days of incubation. The study isolated Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter mori, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Cedecea davisae where all are gram-negative rod-shaped bacilli. All the bacterial strains utilized the diesel at their best at 30 °C and pH 7, among them, A. baumannii and C. davisae exhibited the best degrading efficiency at all applied concentrations. Finally, the determination of degradation rate (%) through gravimetrical analysis has confirmed the potency of A. Baumannii and C. davisae where the degradation rate was around 61 and 52% respectively after 21 days of incubation period with 10% diesel. The study concludes that all of those isolated bacterial consortiums, especially A. baumannii and C. davisae could be allocated as active agents used for bioremediation to detoxify the diesel-containing contaminated sites in a cost-effective and eco-friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jerin
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sifat Rahi
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjia Sultan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Salek Ahmed Sajib
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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33
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Chang Y, Rager JE, Tilton SC. Linking Coregulated Gene Modules with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Related Cancer Risk in the 3D Human Bronchial Epithelium. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1445-1455. [PMID: 34048650 PMCID: PMC8560124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) often occurs as complex chemical mixtures, which are linked to numerous adverse health outcomes in humans, with cancer as the greatest concern. The cancer risk associated with PAH exposures is commonly evaluated using the relative potency factor (RPF) approach, which estimates PAH mixture carcinogenic potential based on the sum of relative potency estimates of individual PAHs, compared to benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), a reference carcinogen. The present study evaluates molecular mechanisms related to PAH cancer risk through integration of transcriptomic and bioinformatic approaches in a 3D human bronchial epithelial cell model. Genes with significant differential expression from human bronchial epithelium exposed to PAHs were analyzed using a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) two-tiered approach: first to identify gene sets comodulated to RPF and second to link genes to a more comprehensive list of regulatory values, including inhalation-specific risk values. Over 3000 genes associated with processes of cell cycle regulation, inflammation, DNA damage, and cell adhesion processes were found to be comodulated with increasing RPF with pathways for cell cycle S phase and cytoskeleton actin identified as the most significantly enriched biological networks correlated to RPF. In addition, comodulated genes were linked to additional cancer-relevant risk values, including inhalation unit risks, oral cancer slope factors, and cancer hazard classifications from the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). These gene sets represent potential biomarkers that could be used to evaluate cancer risk associated with PAH mixtures. Among the values tested, RPF values and IARC categorizations shared the most similar responses in positively and negatively correlated gene modules. Together, we demonstrated a novel manner of integrating gene sets with chemical toxicity equivalence estimates through WGCNA to understand potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Chang
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, and Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Susan C. Tilton
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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34
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Reizer E, Csizmadia IG, Nehéz K, Viskolcz B, Fiser B. Theoretical investigation of benzo(a)pyrene formation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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da Silva Junior FC, Felipe MBMC, Castro DEFD, Araújo SCDS, Sisenando HCN, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. A look beyond the priority: A systematic review of the genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic endpoints of non-priority PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116838. [PMID: 33714059 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has increased over time. Much of this knowledge is about the 16 United States - Environmental Protection Agency (US - EPA) priority PAHs; however, there are other US - EPA non-priority PAHs in the environment, whose toxic potential is underestimated. We conducted a systematic review of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies to assess the genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of 13 US - EPA non-priority parental PAHs present in the environment. Electronic databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, were used to search for research with selected terms without time restrictions. After analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, 249 articles, published between 1946 and 2020, were selected and the quality assessment of these studies was performed. The results showed that 5-methylchrysene (5-MC), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-DMBA), cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), and dibenzo[al]pyrene (Db[al]P) were the most studied PAHs. Moreover, 5-MC, 7,12-DMBA, benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), CPP, anthanthrene (ANT), dibenzo[ae]pyrene (Db[ae]P), and Db[al]P have been reported to cause mutagenic effects and have been being associated with a risk of carcinogenicity. Retene (RET) and benzo[c]fluorene (B[c]F), the least studied compounds, showed evidence of a strong influence on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity endpoints. Overall, this systematic review provided evidence of the genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic endpoints of US - EPA non-priority PAHs. However, further studies are needed to improve the future protocols of environmental analysis and risk assessment in severely exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carlos da Silva Junior
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Elvis Farias de Castro
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Sinara Carla da Silva Araújo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Herbert Costa Nóbrega Sisenando
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Lin YC, Fang YP, Hung CF, Yu HP, Alalaiwe A, Wu ZY, Fang JY. Multifunctional TiO 2/SBA-15 mesoporous silica hybrids loaded with organic sunscreens for skin application: The role in photoprotection and pollutant adsorption with reduced sunscreen permeation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111658. [PMID: 33677134 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 acts as an inorganic sunscreen and photocatalyst to protect humans from environmental pollutants. We incorporated TiO2 into mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for skin application to prevent environmental stresses including UVA irradiation and pollutant invasion. Organic ultraviolet (UV)A filters such as avobenzone and oxybenzone were then loaded into mesoporous support for synergistic sunscreen efficiency. The as-prepared formulations with different TiO2 amounts (10 %-50 %) were fabricated. The pore size decreased from 4.72 to 4.00 nm following the increase in TiO2 percentage. TiO2/SBA-15 captured about 60 % fluoranthene and 80 % furfural within 3 h with no significant difference due to different TiO2 content. The in vitro photoprotection assessed by UVA/UVB ratio exhibited the increase in Boots star rating from 2 to 3 to 5 by entrapment of avobenzone into TiO2/SBA-15. Thirty-percent TiO2/SBA-15 in hydrogel decreased avobenzone and oxybenzone deposition by 70 % and 80 % compared to free form, respectively. Avobenzone and TiO2 supplementation to SBA-15 significantly alleviated skin cell death and neutrophil recruitment in the photoaged mouse skin compared to the SBA-15 application alone. Compared to the UVA-irradiated skin, 30 % TiO2/SBA-15 showed a 2.5- and 3.1-fold decline in IL-1β and IL-6 levels, respectively. The TiO2/SBA-15 hybrid was considered non-irritant based on results of cytotoxicity assay, skin histology, and cutaneous barrier function. Our data indicate that the versatile mesoporous silica is an effective system for topical use in sunscreen and skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Fang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medical and Cell Therapy Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Master Program in Transdisciplinary Long Term Care, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Rider CV, McHale CM, Webster TF, Lowe L, Goodson WH, La Merrill MA, Rice G, Zeise L, Zhang L, Smith MT. Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Develop Research on Chemical Mixtures and Cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:35003. [PMID: 33784186 PMCID: PMC8009606 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People are exposed to numerous chemicals throughout their lifetimes. Many of these chemicals display one or more of the key characteristics of carcinogens or interact with processes described in the hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, evaluating the effects of chemical mixtures on cancer development is an important pursuit. Challenges involved in designing research studies to evaluate the joint action of chemicals on cancer risk include the time taken to perform the experiments because of the long latency and choosing an appropriate experimental design. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this work are to present the case for developing a research program on mixtures of environmental chemicals and cancer risk and describe recommended approaches. METHODS A working group comprising the coauthors focused attention on the design of mixtures studies to inform cancer risk assessment as part of a larger effort to refine the key characteristics of carcinogens and explore their application. Working group members reviewed the key characteristics of carcinogens, hallmarks of cancer, and mixtures research for other disease end points. The group discussed options for developing tractable projects to evaluate the joint effects of environmental chemicals on cancer development. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Three approaches for developing a research program to evaluate the effects of mixtures on cancer development were proposed: a chemical screening approach, a transgenic model-based approach, and a disease-centered approach. Advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8525.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia V. Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cliona M. McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Thomas F. Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer (NGO), Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - William H. Goodson
- Department of Surgery, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Glenn Rice
- Office of Research & Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of the Director, Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
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38
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Chatzimichail S, Rahimi F, Saifuddin A, Surman AJ, Taylor-Robinson SD, Salehi-Reyhani A. Hand-portable HPLC with broadband spectral detection enables analysis of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures. Commun Chem 2021; 4:17. [PMID: 36697529 PMCID: PMC9814556 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered priority hazardous substances due to their carcinogenic activity and risk to public health. Strict regulations are in place limiting their release into the environment, but enforcement is hampered by a lack of adequate field-testing procedure, instead relying on sending samples to centralised analytical facilities. Reliably monitoring levels of PAHs in the field is a challenge, owing to the lack of field-deployable analytical methods able to separate, identify, and quantify the complex mixtures in which PAHs are typically observed. Here, we report the development of a hand-portable system based on high-performance liquid chromatography incorporating a spectrally wide absorption detector, capable of fingerprinting PAHs based on their characteristic spectral absorption profiles: identifying 100% of the 24 PAHs tested, including full coverage of the United States Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant list. We report unsupervised methods to exploit these new capabilities for feature detection and identification, robust enough to detect and classify co-eluting and hidden peaks. Identification is fully independent of their characteristic retention times, mitigating matrix effects which can preclude reliable determination of these analytes in challenging samples. We anticipate the platform to enable more sophisticated analytical measurements, supporting real-time decision making in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faraz Rahimi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Aliyah Saifuddin
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Andrew J Surman
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | | | - Ali Salehi-Reyhani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Sciences & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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39
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Abolhasani R, Araghi F, Tabary M, Aryannejad A, Mashinchi B, Robati RM. The impact of air pollution on skin and related disorders: A comprehensive review. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14840. [PMID: 33527709 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As the largest organ in the body, human skin is constantly exposed to harmful compounds existing in the surrounding environment as the first-line barrier. Studies have indicated that exposure to high concentrations of many environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, outdoor air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), heavy metals, gaseous pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxides (NOx ), sulfur oxide (SO2 ), ozone (O3 ), and indoor air pollutants (solid fuels consumption), might interrupt the skin's normal barrier function. Besides, the intensity of the pollutants and the length of exposure might be a contributing factor. Air pollutants are believed to induce or exacerbate a range of skin conditions, such as aging, inflammatory diseases (atopic dermatitis, cellulitis, and psoriasis), acne, hair loss, and even skin cancers (mainly melanoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma) through various mechanisms. The interaction between pollutants and the skin might differ based on each agent's particular characteristics. Also, damaging the skin barrier seems to be closely related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of oxidative stress, activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and inflammatory cytokines. This article reviews recent studies on the correlation between air pollutants and skin diseases, along with related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farnaz Araghi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Armin Aryannejad
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza M Robati
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jackson WD, Gulino A, Fossati-Jimack L, Castro Seoane R, Tian K, Best K, Köhl J, Belmonte B, Strid J, Botto M. C3 Drives Inflammatory Skin Carcinogenesis Independently of C5. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:404-414.e6. [PMID: 32682912 PMCID: PMC8150327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common form of cancer and can occur as a consequence of DNA damage to the epithelium by UVR or chemical carcinogens. There is growing evidence that the complement system is involved in cancer immune surveillance; however, its role in cSCC remains unclear. Here, we show that complement genes are expressed in tissue from patients with cSCC, and C3 activation fragments are present in cSCC biopsies, indicating complement activation. Using a range of complement-deficient mice in a two-stage mouse model of chemically-induced cSCC, where a subclinical dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene causes oncogenic mutations in epithelial cells and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotes the outgrowth of these cells, we found that C3-deficient mice displayed a significantly reduced tumor burden, whereas an opposite phenotype was observed in mice lacking C5aR1, C5aR2, and C3a receptor. In addition, in mice unable to form the membrane attack complex, the tumor progression was unaltered. C3 deficiency did not affect the cancer response to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment alone but reduced the epidermal hyperplasia during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation. Collectively, these data indicate that C3 drives tumorigenesis during chronic skin inflammation, independently of the downstream generation of C5a or membrane attack complex.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/administration & dosage
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Animals
- Carcinogens/administration & dosage
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Complement Activation/genetics
- Complement Activation/immunology
- Complement C3/genetics
- Complement C3/metabolism
- Complement C5/metabolism
- Complement Membrane Attack Complex/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/genetics
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Escape
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Jackson
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Castro Seoane
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kunyuan Tian
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Best
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jessica Strid
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Parker ER. The influence of climate change on skin cancer incidence - A review of the evidence. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:17-27. [PMID: 33537393 PMCID: PMC7838246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is broadly affecting human health, with grave concern that continued warming of the earth's atmosphere will result is serious harm. Since the mid-20th century, skin cancer incidence rates have risen at an alarming rate worldwide. OBJECTIVE This review examines the relationship between climate change and cutaneous carcinogenesis. METHODS A literature review used the National Institutes of Health databases (PubMed and Medline), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and International Agency for Research on Cancer registries, and published reports by federal and international agencies and consortia, including the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Climate and Clean Air Coalition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United Nations Environment Programme, World Health Organization, and World Meteorological Organization. RESULTS Skin cancer risk is determined by multiple factors, with exposure to ultraviolet radiation being the most important. Strong circumstantial evidence supports the hypothesis that factors related to climate change, including stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming, and ambient air pollution, have likely contributed to the increasing incidence of cutaneous malignancy globally and will continue to impose a negative on influence skin cancer incidence for many decades to come. CONCLUSION Because much of the data are based on animal studies and computer simulations, establishing a direct and definitive link remains challenging. More epidemiologic studies are needed to prove causality in skin cancer, but the evidence for overall harm to human health as a direct result of climate change is clear. Global action to mitigate these negative impacts to humans and the environment is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rawlings Parker
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Chen YY, Kao TW, Wang CC, Chen YJ, Wu CJ, Lai CH, Chen WL. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and mortality risk in an adult population. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:37-45. [PMID: 32710234 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure has been shown to increase the risk of various cancers and may be associated with carcinogenic mortality. However, no study has explored the relationship between environmental PAH exposure and mortality in general population. The aim of our study was to explore the association between PAH exposure and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a general US adult population. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001-2006) based on the information in this dataset on 692 males and 717 females. PAH exposure was detected using biomarkers from urine samples. Follow-up data on mortality were derived from initial examination of the subjects until death or 31 December 2006 in the NHANES database. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) of PAH metabolites among all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model after adjusting for covariates. Among males, 3-phenanthrene was positively associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.043, 95%CI 1.019-1.066). Female participants with higher 2-napthol (HR 1.043, 95%CI 1.014-1.072), 3-fluorene (HR 2.159, 95%CI 1.233-3.779), and 1-phenanthrene (HR = 1.259, 95%CI 1.070-1.481) levels had increased all-cause mortality. In addition, high 3-phenanthrene (HR 1.333, 95%CI 1.008-1.763) and 1-phenanthrene (HR 1.463, 95%CI 1.126-1.900) levels increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, there were no significant findings for cancer mortality in both genders. Environmental PAH exposure among the adult population is associated with non-carcinogenic but not cancer mortality. Future studies are warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms related to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jung Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lee PS, Chiou YS, Chou PY, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene Inhibits 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate (TPA)-Induced Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153432. [PMID: 33310310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A natural pterostilbene analogue isolated from the herb Sphaerophysa salsula, 3'-hydroxypterostilbene (HPSB), exhibits antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines; however, the inhibitory effects of HPSB on skin carcinogenesis remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of HPSB on two-stage skin carcinogenesis in mice and its potential mechanism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of HPSB in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated acute skin inflammation and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/TPA-induced two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. In addition, the effects of HPSB on the modulation of the phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes in the DMBA-induced HaCaT cell model were investigated. RESULTS The results provide evidence that topical treatment with HPSB significantly inhibits TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia and leukocyte infiltration through the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) protein expression in mouse skin. Furthermore, HPSB suppresses DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumor incidence and multiplicity via the inhibition of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) expression in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. In addition, pretreatment with HPSB markedly reduces DMBA-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) gene expression in human keratinocytes; however, HPSB does not significantly affect the gene expression of the phase II enzymes. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that topical treatment with HPSB prevents mouse skin tumorigenesis. Overall, our study suggests that natural HPSB may serve as a novel chemopreventive agent capable of preventing carcinogen activation and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pin-Yu Chou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chang Y, Huynh CTT, Bastin KM, Rivera BN, Siddens LK, Tilton SC. Classifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by carcinogenic potency using in vitro biosignatures. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104991. [PMID: 32890658 PMCID: PMC7572825 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the most difficult challenges for risk assessment is evaluation of chemicals that predominately co-occur in mixtures like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We previously developed a classification model in which systems biology data collected from mice short-term after chemical exposure accurately predict tumor outcome. The present study demonstrates translation of this approach into a human in vitro model in which chemical-specific bioactivity profiles from 3D human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) classify PAHs by carcinogenic potency. Gene expression profiles were analyzed from HBEC exposed to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAHs and classification accuracies were identified for individual pathway-based gene sets. Posterior probabilities of best performing gene sets were combined via Bayesian integration resulting in a classifier with four gene sets, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition, regulation of angiogenesis, and cell cycle G2-M. In addition, transcriptional benchmark dose modeling of benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) showed that the most sensitive gene sets to BAP regulation were largely dissimilar from those that best classified PAH carcinogenicity challenging current assumptions that BAP carcinogenicity (and subsequent mode of action) is reflective of overall PAH carcinogenicity. These results illustrate utility of using systems toxicology approaches to analyze global gene expression towards carcinogenic hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Chang
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Celine Thanh Thu Huynh
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kelley M Bastin
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Brianna N Rivera
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Alalaiwe A, Lin YK, Lin CH, Wang PW, Lin JY, Fang JY. The absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the skin to elicit cutaneous inflammation: The establishment of structure-permeation and in silico-in vitro-in vivo relationships. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126955. [PMID: 32416390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can induce skin toxicity. Although some investigations have been conducted to assess the skin toxicity of different PAHs, few comparisons using a series of PAHs with different ring numbers and arrangements have been done. We aimed to explore the skin absorption of 6 PAH compounds and their effect on cutaneous inflammation. In vitro skin permeation was rated by Franz cell with pig skin. Molecular docking was employed to compute the PAH interaction with stratum corneum (SC) lipids. Cultured keratinocytes were exposed to PAHs for analyzing cytotoxicity, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), chemokines, and differentiation proteins. The in vivo topical PAH exposure in mice was characterized by skin absorption, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), PGE2 level, and histology. The skin deposition from the aqueous vehicle increased following the increase of PAH lipophilicity and molecular size, with benzo[a]pyrene (5-ring PAH) showing the greatest absorption. Pyrene was the compound showing the highest penetration across the skin (flux). Although the PAHs fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, and 1,2-benzanthracene all had 4 rings, the skin permeation was quite different. 1,2-Benzanthracene showed the greatest absorption among the 4-ring compounds. The PAHs with higher absorption exhibited stronger interaction with SC lipids according to the in silico modeling. Chrysene and 1,2-benzanthracene generally showed the highest COX-2 and PGE2 expression, followed by benzo[a]pyrene. The lowest COX-2 and PGE2 upregulation was observed for naphthalene (2-ring PAH). A contrary tendency was detected for the upregulation of chemokines. Filaggrin and integrin β1 in keratinocytes were suppressed at a comparable level by all PAHs. The skin's absorption of PAHs showed strong in vivo-in vitro correlation. 1,2-Benzanthracene and benzo[a]pyrene highly disrupted the skin barrier and elevated the inflammation in vivo. The tendency toward in vivo inflammation caused by various PAHs could be well predicted by the combined estimation using in vitro skin absorption and a keratinocyte bioassay. This study also established the structure-permeation relationship (SPR) of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yu Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Kemp JM, Luckett-Chastain LR, Calhoun KN, Frempah B, Schartz TR, Harty LE, Kemp PM, Gallucci RM. Evaluation of skin irritation following weathered crude oil exposure in two mouse strains. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:788-799. [PMID: 32807044 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720944354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum crude oil spills are common and vary in size and scope. Spill response workers throughout the course of remediation are exposed to so-called weathered oil and are known to report diverse health effects, including contact dermatitis. A murine model of repeated exposure to weathered marine crude oil was employed utilizing two strains of mice, C57BL/6 and BALB/c, to investigate the pathology of this irritant and identify the principal hydrocarbon components deposited in skin. Histopathology demonstrated clear signs of irritation in oil-exposed skin from both mouse strains, characterized by prominent epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis). BALB/c mice exposed to oil demonstrated more pronounced irritation compared with C57BL/6 mice, which was characterized by increased acanthosis as well as increased inflammatory cytokine/chemokine protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL11. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification and quantification of 42 aliphatic and EPA priority aromatic hydrocarbons from full thickness skin samples of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice exposed to oil samples. Aromatic hydrocarbons were not detected in skin; however, aliphatic hydrocarbons in skin tended to accumulate with carbon numbers greater than C16. These preliminary data and observations suggest that weathered crude oil is a skin irritant and this may be related to specific hydrocarbon components, although immune phenotype appears to impact skin response as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Kemp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The 6186University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,275309Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lerin R Luckett-Chastain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The 6186University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Calhoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The 6186University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin Frempah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The 6186University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tayler R Schartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The 6186University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Linda E Harty
- 275309Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Philip M Kemp
- Federal Aviation Administration, Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Randle M Gallucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The 6186University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Dijkhoff IM, Drasler B, Karakocak BB, Petri-Fink A, Valacchi G, Eeman M, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Impact of airborne particulate matter on skin: a systematic review from epidemiology to in vitro studies. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:35. [PMID: 32711561 PMCID: PMC7382801 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is killing close to 5 million people a year, and harming billions more. Air pollution levels remain extremely high in many parts of the world, and air pollution-associated premature deaths have been reported for urbanized areas, particularly linked to the presence of airborne nano-sized and ultrafine particles. MAIN TEXT To date, most of the research studies did focus on the adverse effects of air pollution on the human cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Although the skin is in direct contact with air pollutants, their damaging effects on the skin are still under investigation. Epidemiological data suggested a correlation between exposure to air pollutants and aggravation of symptoms of chronic immunological skin diseases. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to understand the current knowledge on the effects of airborne particulate matter on human skin. It aims at providing a deeper understanding of the interactions between air pollutants and skin to further assess their potential risks for human health. CONCLUSION Particulate matter was shown to induce a skin barrier dysfunction and provoke the formation of reactive oxygen species through direct and indirect mechanisms, leading to oxidative stress and induced activation of the inflammatory cascade in human skin. Moreover, a positive correlation was reported between extrinsic aging and atopic eczema relative risk with increasing particulate matter exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini M Dijkhoff
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Drasler
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bedia Begum Karakocak
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Animal Sciences, PHHI NCRC, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | | | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Dai WJ, Wu P, Liu D, Hu J, Cao Y, Liu TZ, Okoli CP, Wang B, Li L. Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by Organic Montmorillonite Sodium Alginate Nanocomposites. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126074. [PMID: 32163776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption method is generally considered a promising technique to remove inorganic and organic contaminants in an economically and environmentally friendly superior manner. In this study, organic montmorillonite sodium alginate composites were prepared, in which, montmorillonite and cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) in different added amounts were coagulated with sodium alginate using CaCl2 as the crosslinking agent. The morphological properties of the composites were characterized thoroughly and employed in three typical target pollutants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (acenaphthene, fluorene, and phenanthrene) by batch adsorption experiments from aqueous solution. The composites provide an efficient alternative for PAHs removals. The composites could be stably separated and regenerated with methyl alcohol. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetic and isotherm data were well described by the Elovich kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. According to these, the adsorption process occurred via multilayer adsorption on the composite's energetically heterogeneous surface. Moreover, pore diffusion and hydrophobicity played a dominant role in the adsorption mechanism. Overall, our study offers a developed adsorbent that has the advantage of being recyclable, low cost, biodegradable and biocompatible for effectively removing PAHs from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Dai
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environment Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Yang Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Tao-Ze Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
| | - Chukwunonso Peter Okoli
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
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Influence of the Exposome on Skin Cancer. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:460-470. [PMID: 32507282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in humans. While exposure to solar radiation is the most widely known and relevant causal factor, the different degrees of individual risk have not been fully elucidated. Epidemiological studies show how the risk of skin cancer is affected by other types of radiation (eg, ionizing radiation), pesticides, particulate matter in air pollution, toxins (eg, arsenic) in water and some foods. Some living entities, such as polyomavirus and human papillomavirus, can also cause specific types of cancer. Lastly, lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep, and exercise may play a role, although only a few studies shed light on these factors. The abovementioned factors make up the exposome of skin cancer, that is, the set of environmental exposures that, together with the genome and microbiome, determine the onset of disease.
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