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Alymbaeva D, Szabo C, Jocsak G, Bartha T, Zsarnovszky A, Kovago C, Ondrasovicova S, Kiss DS. Analysis of arsenic-modulated expression of hypothalamic estrogen receptor, thyroid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mRNA and simultaneous mitochondrial morphology and respiration rates in the mouse. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303528. [PMID: 38753618 PMCID: PMC11098319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic has been identified as an environmental toxicant acting through various mechanisms, including the disruption of endocrine pathways. The present study assessed the ability of a single intraperitoneal injection of arsenic, to modify the mRNA expression levels of estrogen- and thyroid hormone receptors (ERα,β; TRα,β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in hypothalamic tissue homogenates of prepubertal mice in vivo. Mitochondrial respiration (MRR) was also measured, and the corresponding mitochondrial ultrastructure was analyzed. Results show that ERα,β, and TRα expression was significantly increased by arsenic, in all concentrations examined. In contrast, TRβ and PPARγ remained unaffected after arsenic injection. Arsenic-induced dose-dependent changes in state 4 mitochondrial respiration (St4). Mitochondrial morphology was affected by arsenic in that the 5 mg dose increased the size but decreased the number of mitochondria in agouti-related protein- (AgRP), while increasing the size without affecting the number of mitochondria in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Arsenic also increased the size of the mitochondrial matrix per host mitochondrion. Complex analysis of dose-dependent response patterns between receptor mRNA, mitochondrial morphology, and mitochondrial respiration in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus suggests that instant arsenic effects on receptor mRNAs may not be directly reflected in St3-4 values, however, mitochondrial dynamics is affected, which predicts more pronounced effects in hypothalamus-regulated homeostatic processes after long-term arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Alymbaeva
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Godollo, Hungary
| | - Gergely Jocsak
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Bartha
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Zsarnovszky
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Godollo, Hungary
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kovago
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Silvia Ondrasovicova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - David Sandor Kiss
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Zhang C, Li Y, Yu H, Ye L, Li T, Zhang X, Wang C, Li P, Ji H, Gao Q, Dong S. Nanoplastics promote arsenic-induced ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage and disturbances in neurotransmitter metabolism of zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:161005. [PMID: 36539083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a carrier, nanoplastics (NPs) can adsorb other toxic substances and thus modify their biological toxicity. Numerous studies have investigated the neurotoxic of high concentrations of arsenic (As, 2.83 mg/L-5 mg/L). However, it is still unknown whether the relatively low environmentally relevant concentrations of As (200 μg/L) can damage the structure and function of fish brains with the presence of NPs. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to polystyrene NPs, As and their mixture for 30 days respectively. Firstly, we found that the presence of NPs promoted the accumulation of As in zebrafish brains. Thereby the co-exposure of NPs and As further promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in zebrafish brains compared with the single exposure of NPs or As, resulting in severe oxidative stress. Moreover, accumulated ROS directly damaged the mitochondrial membrane and mtDNA in zebrafish brains. Moreover, the mitochondrial damage was further aggravated due to inhibited mitochondrial fusion and activated mitochondrial division and mitophagy. Ultimately, the co-exposure led to mitochondrial damage in the zebrafish brain. Damaged mitochondria may not meet the high energy metabolic requirement for neuronal function. As a result, the normal function of nerve cells was adversely affected and eventually cell apoptosis may occur. Besides, the co-exposure caused more significant structural alterations in zebrafish brain tissue. Finally, the co-exposure of NPs and As caused abnormal biosynthesis and degradation of dopamine and acetylcholine. These resulted in decreased dopamine levels and increased acetylcholine levels in zebrafish brains. In conclusion, the presence of NPs promoted the accumulation of As, thereby inducing severe oxidative stress, which caused structural alterations and mitochondrial damage in the zebrafish brain, thus disordering neuromodulation, which may ultimately cause neurological dysfunction in zebrafish. This study will provide a risk assessment for evaluating the biotoxicity of NPs and As to fish and even other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Limin Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pengju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qinfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
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3
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Shayan M, Barangi S, Hosseinzadeh H, Mehri S. The protective effect of natural or chemical compounds against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113691. [PMID: 36871878 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a notorious metalloid that exists in the earth's crust and is considered toxic for humans and the environment. Both cancerous and non-cancerous complications are possible after arsenic exposure. Target organs include the liver, lungs, kidney, heart, and brain. Arsenic-induced neurotoxicity, the main focus of our study, can occur in central and peripheral nervous systems. Symptoms can develop in a few hours, weeks, or years depending on the quantity of arsenic and the duration of exposure. In this review, we aimed to gather all the compounds, natural and chemical, that have been studied as protective agents in cellular, animal, and human reports. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation are frequently described as destructive mechanisms in heavy metal toxicity. Moreover, reduced activity of acetylcholinesterase, the altered release of monoamine neurotransmitters, down-regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor are important underlying mechanisms of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. As for neuroprotection, though some compounds have yet limited data, there are others, such as curcumin, resveratrol, taurine, or melatonin which have been studied more deeply and might be closer to a reliable protective agent. We collected the available information on all protective agents and the mechanisms by which they fight against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersedeh Shayan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Barangi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Singh A, Ramalingam P, Dhingra S, Ravichandiran V, Murti K. Arsenic: a Culpable Element and a Possible Menace for HIV/AIDS Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4955-4966. [PMID: 35128593 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination has long been recognized as one of the most harmful environmental pollutants resulting from anthropogenic activity. Apart from being an environmental toxicant or pollutant, this culpable heavy metal also has detrimental effects on human health. People throughout the world are exposed to arsenic (As) mostly through polluted drinking water. Acute inorganic arsenic (iAs) poisoning causes nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort, and severe diarrhea. As on long-term exposure is a potent carcinogen, characterized by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). As levels are high mainly in Gangetic regions due to which the people living around are suffering the consequences. The carcinogenicity of As is well established but the immunotoxicity caused by it is still unknown. Some animal model supports the toxicity of As in the immune system as well, but in humans, mainly suffering from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is not well established. iAs suppresses the immune system by acting on different targets and exacerbating infections. Although animal studies have demonstrated that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) reduces viral rebound and restores CD4 + count in vivo when coupled with antiretroviral medications, elemental AS may have devastating effects on the immune system of HIV patients, making them more prone to opportunistic infections (OIs). It is well known that in later stages of HIV infection, neurological problems also complicate the conditions such as cognitive impairment and AIDS dementia complex (ADC). Along with immunotoxicity, As has the potential to damage HIV patients' brains. This article addresses the immunotoxicity of arsenic and exacerbations caused by it, along with the neurotoxicity, particularly in HIV patients residing near the Gangetic belt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bihar, Hajipur, India
| | - P Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bihar, Hajipur, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bihar, Hajipur, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bihar, Hajipur, India
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Bihar, Hajipur, India.
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Joshi P, Bisht A, Joshi S, Semwal D, Nema NK, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Ameliorating potential of curcumin and its analogue in central nervous system disorders and related conditions: A review of molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3143-3180. [PMID: 35790042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the broadly studied phytomolecule owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate in a wide range of disorders. Considering, its low bioavailability, different curcumin analogs have been developed to afford desired pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic outcome in varied pathological states. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress apoptosis-mediated neural cell degeneration and could effectively be utilized in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized key findings of experimental and clinical studies conducted on curcumin and its analogues with special emphasis on molecular pathways, viz. NF-kB, Nrf2-ARE, glial activation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, SOCS/JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 /MyD88 /p38 MAPK, JNK, iNOS/NO, and MMP pathways involved in imparting ameliorative effects in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.,R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil Joshi
- R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Semwal
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Nema
- Paramount Kumkum Private Limited, Prestige Meridian-1, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a major concern due to its deleterious consequences for human health. Rapid industrialization also has weakened the quality of the environment by introducing pollutants that may disrupt balanced ecosystems, adversely and irreversibly impacting humans, plants, and animals. Arsenic, an important toxicant among all environmental hazards, can lead to several detrimental effects on cells and organs, impacting the overall quality of life. Nevertheless, arsenic also has a rich history as a chemotherapeutic agent used in ancient days for the treatment of diseases such as malaria, cancer, plague, and syphilis when other chemotherapeutic agents were yet to be discovered. Arsenicosis-mediated disorders remain a serious problem due to the lack of effective therapeutic options. Initially, chelation therapy was used to metabolically eliminate arsenic by forming a complex, but adverse effects limited their pharmacological use. More recently, plant-based products have been found to provide significant relief from the toxic effects of arsenic poisoning. They act by different mechanisms affecting various cellular processes. Phytoconstituents such as curcumin, quercetin, diallyl trisulfide, thymoquinone, and others act via various molecular pathways, primarily by attenuating oxidative damage, membrane damage, DNA damage, and proteinopathies. Nonetheless, most of the phytochemicals reviewed here protect against the adverse effects of metal or metalloid exposure, supporting their consideration as alternatives to chelation therapy. These agents, if used prophylactically and in conjunction with other chemotherapeutic agents, may provide an effective approach for management of arsenic toxicity. In a few instances, such strategies like coadministration of phytochemicals with a known chelating agent have led to more pronounced elimination of arsenic from the body with lesser off-site adverse effects. This is possible because combination treatment ensures the use of a reduced dose of chelating agent with a phytochemical without compromising treatment. Thus, these therapies are more practical than conventional therapeutic agents in ameliorating arsenic-mediated toxicity. This review summarizes the potential of phytochemicals in alleviating arsenic toxicity on the basis of available experimental and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiya Samim Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226020, India
| | - Swaran J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226020, India
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Du X, Luo L, Huang Q, Zhang J. Cortex metabolome and proteome analysis reveals chronic arsenic exposure via drinking water induces developmental neurotoxicity through hnRNP L mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in male rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153325. [PMID: 35074374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lots of people are at the risk of arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Arsenic exposure was confirmed to be closely linked to neurocognitive deficits, particularly during childhood. The multi-omics approaches are known be well suitable for toxicological research. Thus, this study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced learning and memory function impairments through the integrative proteome and metabolome analysis of cortex in rats. The weaned rats were exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water for six months to mimic the developmental exposure. 220 differential proteins and 19 differential metabolites were identified in the cortex, and nine potential biomarkers were found to be related to impaired Morris water maze (MWM) indicators. Chronic arsenic exposure affected the cognitive function by inducing the overproduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and the redox imbalance in the mitochondria. Glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enhancement driven by the increased heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L) is a low-dose protective mechanism against arsenic-induced ATP deficiency and oxidative stress. Moreover, apoptosis is another important pathway of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. This study provides new evidence about the alterations of proteins and metabolites in the cortex of the exposed rats under arsenic toxicity. These findings suggest hnRNP L could be a potential target for the treatment of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
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Fikry H, Saleh LA, Abdel Gawad S. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin on the cerebellum in a rotenone‐induced Parkinson’s Disease Model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:732-748. [PMID: 35068069 PMCID: PMC8981438 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Fikry
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Lobna A. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Gawad
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Biswas P, Hasan W, Jain J, Kori RK, Bose D, Yadav RS. Non-permitted food colorants induced neurotoxicity in cerebellum of rat brain. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2852-2859. [PMID: 34753371 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1997542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Food colorants are important food additives that not only enhance the appearance of food but also appetite. These can be obtained from natural and synthetic sources, but synthetic sources are more popular, efficient, and potential. Non-permitted food colorants (NPFCs) are banned, but their injudicious use in developing countries associated with various adverse health effects. They have potentially toxic effects on the body organs like the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, gut, etc. In view of their toxicity pattern, the present study aims to investigate the effect of three NPFCs (MY: Metanil yellow; MG: Malachite green; SIII: Sudan III) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial complexes, neurochemicals, and histological changes in the cerebellum of rats. Rats treated with MY (430 mg/kg), MG (13.75 mg/kg), SIII (250 mg/kg), and their mixtures (YGR) (MY 143.33 + MG 4.52 + SIII 83.33 mg/kg) p.o. for 60 days showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decreased level of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity as compared to controls. An increase in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a significant decrease in the activity of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) and mitochondrial complex I and II was also observed in NPFCs treated rats as compared to controls. Further, the histological study also revealed the loss of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum of the rat brain. The results of the present study indicate that NPFCs exposure to rats enhances oxidative stress and alters the activity of neurochemicals and mitochondrial complexes which could further lead to neuronal loss and behavioral dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pronit Biswas
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Whidul Hasan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Research Lab, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Juli Jain
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Research Lab, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kori
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Devasish Bose
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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Taheri Zadeh Z, Esmaeilpour K, Aminzadeh A, Heidari MR, Joushi S. Resveratrol Attenuates Learning, Memory, and Social Interaction Impairments in Rats Exposed to Arsenic. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9993873. [PMID: 34621902 PMCID: PMC8492247 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9993873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity has deleterious effects on human health causing disorder in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of resveratrol (RSV) on arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicity in rats was developed by treating As 10 mg/kg/day for 21 days orally. Animals were put into seven groups: control, vehicle, As, As+RSV10, As+RSV20 mg/kg, RSV10, and RSV20 mg/kg. Behavioral assessments such as the social interaction test, novel object recognition test, elevated plus maze, open field, the Morris water maze, in addition to assessment of biomarkers such as ferric reducing ability of plasma assay, glutathione assay, and malondialdehyde assay, were used to evaluate the effects of RSV on cognitive impairment and molecular changes induced by As. The results showed that cognitive performance impaired in As rats. RSV20 mg/kg significantly could ameliorate behavioral changes like spatial learning in days 3 and 4 (p < 0.05), recognition learning and memory (p < 0.01), disabilities in motor coordination and stress (p < 0.05), increased anxiety (p < 0.05), and social interaction deficit (sociability (p < 0.001) and social memory (p < 0.05)). RSV20 mg/kg also attenuated molecular modifications like decreased antioxidant power (p < 0.001), reduced glutathione content (p < 0.05), and increased malondialdehyde level (p < 0.05) induced by As. In addition to oxidative stress assessments, RSV10 mg/kg could significantly increase FRAP (p < 0.01) and GSH (p < 0.05); however, MDA was not significantly increased. Our current behavioral findings suggest that RSV has neuroprotective effects against AS toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Taheri Zadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Joushi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Oxidative Stress as a Common Key Event in Developmental Neurotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6685204. [PMID: 34336113 PMCID: PMC8315852 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6685204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is extremely sensitive to many chemicals. Perinatal exposure to neurotoxicants has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactive disorder, and schizophrenia. Studies of the molecular and cellular events related to developmental neurotoxicity have identified a number of “adverse outcome pathways,” many of which share oxidative stress as a key event. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the production of free oxygen radicals and the activity of the cellular antioxidant system is dysregulated. In this review, we describe some of the developmental neurotoxins that target the antioxidant system and the mechanisms by which they elicit stress, including oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and plasma membrane redox system in rodent models. We also discuss future directions for identifying adverse outcome pathways related to oxidative stress and developmental neurotoxicity, with the goal of improving our ability to quickly and accurately screen chemicals for their potential developmental neurotoxicity.
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12
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Cheng H, Yang B, Ke T, Li S, Yang X, Aschner M, Chen P. Mechanisms of Metal-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders. TOXICS 2021; 9:142. [PMID: 34204190 PMCID: PMC8235163 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metals are actively involved in multiple catalytic physiological activities. However, metal overload may result in neurotoxicity as it increases formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevates oxidative stress in the nervous system. Mitochondria are a key target of metal-induced toxicity, given their role in energy production. As the brain consumes a large amount of energy, mitochondrial dysfunction and the subsequent decrease in levels of ATP may significantly disrupt brain function, resulting in neuronal cell death and ensuing neurological disorders. Here, we address contemporary studies on metal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Bobo Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.C.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
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Herrera AS, Beeraka NM, Sinelnikov MY, Nikolenko VN, Giller DB, Solis LFT, Mikhaleva LM, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. The Beneficial Effects of QIAPI 1® against Pentavalent Arsenic-Induced Lung Toxicity a Hypothetical Model for SARS CoV2-Induced Lung Toxicity. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:307-315. [PMID: 33845734 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210412142230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants such as Arsenic (As) can result in As-induced alterations in immune regulators. Consequently, people who are more prone to viral infections like influenza A or B, H1N1, SARS CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), and SARS CoV2 may develop susceptibility to immune responses in their lungs because our previous reports delineated the ability of QIAPI 1®, a melanin precursor, to dissociate water molecules with simultaneous therapeutic efficacy against central nervous system (CNS) diseases, retinopathy, and As-induced renal toxicity. Given the commonalities of lung pathology of SARS CoV and As-induced toxicity, the aim of this study is to decipher the efficacy of QIAPI 1® against pentavalent As-induced lung toxicity by examining the pulmonary pathology. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining was used for ascertaining the lung pathology in Wistar rat models. Animals were divided into 3 groups: control group, group treated with pentavalent As, and a group treated with pentavalent As and QIAPI 1®. There were no significant changes in lung histopathology in the control group as indicated by intact morphology. As-treated group revealed damage to the histoarchitecture with pulmonary edema, interstitial fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)-lesions, formation of hyaline membrane, multinucleated giant pneumocytes, atypical pneumocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial edema. The group treated with As and QIAPI 1® significantly associated with mitigated histological signs of lung inflammation induced by Arsenic. Therefore, QIAPI 1® can be recommended as antagonistic to As-induced lung toxicity. In conclusion, this model could be preferred as a hypothetical model to examine the efficacy of QIAPI 1® in SARS CoV2-induced pulmonary damage. Future studies are warranted to delineate the efficacy of QIAPI 1® against SARS CoV and SARS CoV2 lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore - 570 015, Karnataka. India
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991. Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991. Russian Federation
| | - Dimitry B Giller
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991. Russian Federation
| | | | - Liudmila M Mikhaleva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418. Russian Federation
| | - Siva G Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV. United States
| | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV. United States
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418. Russian Federation
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Health Benefits of Turmeric and Curcumin Against Food Contaminants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:171-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Naffaa V, Laprévote O, Schang AL. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on myelin development and diseases. Neurotoxicology 2020; 83:51-68. [PMID: 33352275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the central and peripheral nervous systems, myelin is essential for efficient conduction of action potentials. During development, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells differentiate and ensure axon myelination, and disruption of these processes can contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. In adults, demyelination can lead to important disabilities, and recovery capacities by remyelination often decrease with disease progression. Among environmental chemical pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of major concern for human health and are notably suspected to participate in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have combined the current knowledge on EDCs impacts on myelin including several persistent organic pollutants, bisphenol A, triclosan, heavy metals, pesticides, and nicotine. Besides, we presented several other endocrine modulators, including pharmaceuticals and the phytoestrogen genistein, some of which are candidates for treating demyelinating conditions but could also be deleterious as contaminants. The direct impacts of EDCs on myelinating cells were considered as well as their indirect consequences on myelin, particularly on immune mechanisms associated with demyelinating conditions. More studies are needed to describe the effects of these compounds and to further understand the underlying mechanisms in relation to the potential for endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Naffaa
- Université de Paris, UMR 8038 (CiTCoM), CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- Université de Paris, UMR 8038 (CiTCoM), CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Service de Biochimie, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- Université de Paris, UMR 1153 (CRESS), Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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Sarkar N, Das B, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Arsenal of Phytochemicals to Combat Against Arsenic-Induced Mitochondrial Stress and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1230-1256. [PMID: 31813247 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Phytochemicals are important dietary constituents with antioxidant properties. They affect various signaling pathways involved in the overall maintenance of interior milieu of the cell. Arsenic, an environmental toxicant, is well known for its deleterious consequences, such as various diseases, including cancers in humans. Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouse that fuel all metabolic energy requirements. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to stressors may lead to abnormal functioning of the organelle, hampering the crucial cellular cross talks and ultimately leading to cancer. Application of phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial disorders may be a preventive measure to counteract the ruinous impacts of the metalloid. Recent Advances: In recent years, extensive research on the role of mitochondria in cancer gives a better understanding of the areas the organelle covers in maintaining a healthy cell or in inducing carcinogenicity. Detailed knowledge of the mitochondrial governances would enable researchers to administer numerous phytochemicals to ameliorate altered oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, glycolysis, or even apoptosis. Critical Issues: In this review, we have addressed how various phytochemicals belonging to diverse classes combat against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, depletion of MMP, cell cycle abrogation, apoptosis, glycolytic damages, oncogenic regulations, chaperones, mitochondrial complexes, and mitochondrial membrane pore formation in both in vitro and in vivo models. Future Directions: Insightful application of mitoprotective phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and carcinogenesis may guide researchers to develop preclinical chemopreventive agents to fight arsenic toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sarkar
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Bornita Das
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Bahrami A, Sathyapalan T, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Counteracting arsenic toxicity: Curcumin to the rescue? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123160. [PMID: 32574880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenicosis leads to various irreversible damages in several organs and is considered to be a carcinogen. The effects of chronic arsenic poisoning are a result of an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant homeostasis, oxidative stress, as well as DNA and protein damage. Curcumin, the polyphenolic pigment extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is well-known for its pleiotropic medicinal effects. Curcumin has been shown to have ameliorative effects in arsenic-induced genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, angiogenesis, skin diseases, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. This review aims to summarize the scientific evidence on arsenic toxicity in various organs and the ameliorative effects of curcumin on the arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mehta K, Kaur B, Pandey KK, Kaler S, Dhar P. Curcumin supplementation shows modulatory influence on functional and morphological features of hippocampus in mice subjected to arsenic trioxide exposure. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:355-365. [PMID: 32929054 PMCID: PMC7527119 DOI: 10.5115/acb.18.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since, oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced toxicity, the present study focused on the role of antioxidant (curcumin) supplementation on behavioral, biochemical, and morphological alterations with context to mice hippocampus (CA1) following arsenic trioxide (As2O3) administration. Healthy male Swiss albino mice were divided into control and experimental groups. As2O3 (2 mg/kg bw) alone or along with curcumin (100 mg/kg bw) was administered to experimental groups by oral route for 45 days whereas the control groups received either no treatment or vehicle for curcumin. Animals were subjected to behavioral study towards the end of the experimental period (day 33-45). On day 46, the brain samples were obtained and subjected either to immersion fixation (for morphometric observations) or used afresh for biochemical test. Behavioral tests (open field, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze) revealed enhanced anxiety levels and impairment of cognitive functions in As2O3 alone treated groups whereas a trend of recovery was evident in mice simultaneously treated with As2O3 and curcumin. Morphological observations showed noticeable reduction in stratum pyramidale thickness (CA1), along with decrease in density and size of pyramidal neurons in As2O3 alone exposed group as compared to As2O3+Cu co-treated group. Hippocampal glutathione levels were found to be downregulated in animals receiving As2O3 as against the levels of controls and curcumin supplemented animals, thereby, suggestive of beneficial role of curcumin on As2O3 induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Mehta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Balpreet Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Kaler
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pushpa Dhar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Shi L, Hu X, Wang N, Liang H, Wu C, Cao H. Histopathological examination and transcriptome analyses to assess the acute toxic effects of arsenite exposure on rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:613-624. [PMID: 32385600 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment. We investigated the acute toxic effects of arsenite [As(III)] exposure on rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) in vivo. The 96-h LC50 value for exposure to As(III) was 13.73 mg/L. As(III) bioaccumulation in different tissues was measured using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the extent of As(III) accumulation was, from greatest to least, liver > intestine > gills > muscle > kidney > testis > brain. Histological examination revealed that in As(III)-treated fish, numerous cellular and tissue alterations were present in the gill, liver, and intestine tissues. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes. We also performed transcriptome analyses to investigate As(III)-induced toxicity response in the liver of As(III)-treated fish; various oxidative-related genes were differentially expressed, and their expression levels were further validated using qPCR. This study is one of the many steps we aim to take on the way to promote the rare minnow to an international standard laboratory animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Wuhan, 430223, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nenghan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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20
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Zhao F, Wang Z, Liao Y, Wang G, Jin Y. Alterations of NMDA and AMPA receptors and their signaling apparatus in the hippocampus of mouse offspring induced by developmental arsenite exposure. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 44:777-788. [PMID: 31708534 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Loss of cognitive function due to arsenic exposure is a serious health concern in many parts of the world, including China. The present study aims to determine the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity and its consequent effect on downstream signaling pathways of mouse N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Drinking water containing 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg/L arsenite was provided each day to mother mice throughout gestation period until postnatal day (PND) 35 to expose the newborn mice to arsenite during early developmental period. The effect of arsenite in the expressions of different components of NMDAR (NR1, NR2A, NR2B) and AMPAR (GluR1, GluR2, GluR3), including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and phosphorylated-CaMKII (p-CaMKII), at PND 7, 14, 21 and 35 was estimated and analyzed from the hippocampus of mice. A significant inhibition in the protein and mRNA expressions of NR1, NR2A, NR2B and GluR1 was observed in mice exposed to 50 mg/L arsenite since PND 7. Down regulation of GluR2 and GluR3 both at mRNA and protein levels was observed in mice exposed to 50 mg/L arsenite till PND 14. Moreover, both CaMKII as well as p-CaMKII expressions were significantly limited since PND 7 in 50 mg/L arsenite exposed mice group. Findings form this study suggested that the previously reported impairment in learning and memorizing abilities in later stage due to early life arsenite exposure is associated with the alterations of NMDARs, AMPARs, CaMKII and p-CaMKII expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghong Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Zijiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
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Adedara IA, Fabunmi AT, Ayenitaju FC, Atanda OE, Adebowale AA, Ajayi BO, Owoeye O, Rocha JB, Farombi EO. Neuroprotective mechanisms of selenium against arsenic-induced behavioral impairments in rats. Neurotoxicology 2020; 76:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hasan W, Kori RK, Jain J, Yadav RS, Jat D. Neuroprotective effects of mitochondria‐targeted curcumin against rotenone‐induced oxidative damage in cerebellum of mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22416. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Whidul Hasan
- Neuroscience Research Lab, School of Biological SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)Sagar MP India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kori
- Department of Criminology and Forensic ScienceDr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)Sagar MP India
| | - Juli Jain
- Neuroscience Research Lab, School of Biological SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)Sagar MP India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic ScienceDr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)Sagar MP India
| | - Deepali Jat
- Neuroscience Research Lab, School of Biological SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)Sagar MP India
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Dietary Curcumin Prevented Astrocytosis, Microgliosis, and Apoptosis Caused by Acute and Chronic Exposure to Ozone. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152839. [PMID: 31387223 PMCID: PMC6696019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone is the most oxidant tropospheric pollutant gas, causing damage through the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Reactive species induce the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation leading to neuroinflammation characterized by astrocytosis, microgliosis, and apoptotic cell death. There is interest in evaluating the pharmacological activity of natural antioxidants to confer neuroprotection against the damage caused by ozone in highly polluted cities. Curcumin has been proven to exert a protective action in the central nervous system (CNS) of diverse experimental models, with no side effects. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of curcumin in a preventive and therapeutic manner against the astrocytosis, microgliosis, and apoptosis induced by ozone in rat hippocampus. Fifty Wistar rats were distributed into five experimental groups: The intact control, curcumin fed control, ozone-exposed group, and the preventive and therapeutic groups receiving the curcumin supplementation while exposed to ozone. Ozone caused astrocytosis and microgliosis, as well as apoptosis in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, curcumin was able to decrease the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and apoptotic cell death in both periods of exposure. Therefore, we propose that curcumin could be used as a molecule capable of counteracting the damage caused by ozone in the CNS.
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Mochizuki H. Arsenic Neurotoxicity in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143418. [PMID: 31336801 PMCID: PMC6678206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination affects hundreds of millions of people globally. Although the number of patients with chronic As exposure is large, the symptoms and long-term clinical courses of the patients remain unclear. In addition to reviewing the literature on As contamination and toxicity, we provide useful clinical information on medical care for As-exposed patients. Further, As metabolite pathways, toxicity, speculated toxicity mechanisms, and clinical neurological symptoms are documented. Several mechanisms that seem to play key roles in As-induced neurotoxicity, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, thiamine deficiency, and decreased acetyl cholinesterase activity, are described. The observed neurotoxicity predominantly affects peripheral nerves in sensory fibers, with a lesser effect on motor fibers. A sural nerve biopsy showed the axonal degeneration of peripheral nerves mainly in small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Exposure to high concentrations of As causes severe central nervous system impairment in infants, but no or minimal impairment in adults. The exposure dose-response relationship was observed in various organs including neurological systems. The symptoms caused by heavy metal pollution (including As) are often nonspecific. Therefore, in order to recognize patients experiencing health problems caused by As, a multifaceted approach is needed, including not only clinicians, but also specialists from multiple fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Hasan W, Kori RK, Thakre K, Yadav RS, Jat D. Synthesis, characterization and efficacy of mitochondrial targeted delivery of TPP-curcumin in rotenone-induced toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:557-570. [PMID: 31264184 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial impairments due to free radicals are implicated in a wide range of neurotoxicological alterations. Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric has shown protective efficacy against oxidative damage due to its strong antioxidant potential, but its efficiency is restricted due to low bioavailability in the mitochondria. In view of this, we have synthesized mitochondria-targeted curcumin (MTC) with an aim to investigate its efficacy against rotenone-induced oxidative damage in mice and isolated mitochondria. METHODS MTC was synthesized by attaching the triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) as a cationic carrier to the curcumin to assess its protective efficacy in rotenone-induced in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity in mice. RESULTS In-vitro treatment of rotenone in isolated mitochondria caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (2.74 fold, 3.62 fold), protein carbonyl contents (2.62 fold, 1.81 fold), and decrease in levels of reduced glutathione (2.02 fold, 1.70 fold) as compared to control. Pre-treatment of curcumin and MTC along with rotenone in the isolated mitochondria significantly reduce the oxidative stress as compared to those treated with rotenone alone. Rotenone treatment in mice significantly increased lipid peroxidation (2.02 fold) and decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (2.99 fold), superoxide dismutase (2.09 fold) and catalase (3.60 fold) in the liver as compared to controls. Co-treatment of curcumin and MTC along with rotenone significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (1.26 fold, 1.76 fold) and increased the levels of reduced glutathione (1.60 fold, 2.43 fold), superoxide dismutase (1.45 fold, 1.99 fold) and catalase (2.32 fold, 2.90 fold) as compared to those treated with rotenone alone. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the protective efficacy of MTC against rotenone-induced oxidative damage was more promising than curcumin in both in-vitro and in-vivo system which indicates the enhanced bioavailability of MTC. Graphical abstract Effect of mitochondrial targeted delivery of TPP-curcumin in rotenone-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whidul Hasan
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kori
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Khilashwar Thakre
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Deepali Jat
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
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Chandravanshi LP, Gupta R, Shukla RK. Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity by Dysfunctioning Cholinergic and Dopaminergic System in Brain of Developing Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:118-133. [PMID: 30051311 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic via drinking water throughout the globe is assumed to cause a developmental neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated the effect of perinatal arsenic exposure on the neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in the corpus striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus that is critically involved in motor and cognition functions. In continuation of previous studies, this study demonstrates that perinatal exposures (GD6-PD21) to arsenic (2 or 4 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) cause hypo-activity in arsenic-exposed rats on PD22. The hypo-activity was found to be linked with a decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of the DA-D2 receptor. Further, a protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), levels of dopamine, and its metabolites were also significantly impaired in corpus striatum. The arsenic-exposed groups showed spatial learning and memory significantly below the average in a dose-dependent manner for the controls. Here, we evaluated the declined expression of CHRM2 receptor gene and protein expression of ChAT, PKCβ-1 in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, which are critically involved in cognition functions including learning and memory. A trend of recovery was found in the cholinergic and dopaminergic system of the brain, but changes remained persisted even after the withdrawal of arsenic exposure on PD45. Taken together, our results indicate that perinatal arsenic exposure appears to be critical and vulnerable as the development of cholinergic and dopaminergic system continues during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit P Chandravanshi
- Division of Forensic Science, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201307, India.
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
| | - Richa Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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Su CT, Hsieh RL, Chung CJ, Huang PT, Lin YC, Ao PL, Shiue HS, Chen WJ, Huang SR, Lin MI, Mu SC, Hsueh YM. Plasma selenium influences arsenic methylation capacity and developmental delays in preschool children in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:52-59. [PMID: 30654249 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient arsenic methylation capacity has been associated with developmental delay in preschool children. Selenium has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that protect experimental animals from chemically induced neurotoxicity. The present study was designed to explore whether plasma selenium levels affects arsenic methylation capacity related to developmental delay in preschool children. A case-control study was conducted from August 2010 to March 2014. All participants were recruited from the Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Teaching Hospital. In total, 178 children with a developmental delay and 88 children without a delay were recruited. High-performance liquid chromatography-linked hydride generator and atomic absorption spectrometry were used to determine urinary arsenic species, including arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV). Plasma selenium levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. As results, plasma selenium concentration was significantly inversely associated with the odds ratio (OR) of developmental delay. Plasma selenium concentration was positively associated with arsenic methylation capacity [percentage of inorganic arsenic and percentage of MMAV (MMAV%) decreased, and percentage of DMAV (DMAV%) increased]. High plasma selenium concentration and high DMA% significantly and additively interacted to decrease the OR of developmental delay; the OR and 95% confidence interval were 0.40 (0.18-0.90). This is the first study to show a combined dose-response effect of plasma selenium concentration and that efficient arsenic methylation capacity decreased the OR of developmental delay in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tien Su
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Lan Hsieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Chung
- Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Tsang Huang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Examination, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pui-Lam Ao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shiau-Rung Huang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-I Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Fallah M, Moghble N, Javadi I, Bahadoran H, Shahriary A. Effect of Curcumin and N-Acetylcysteine on Brain Histology and Inflammatory Factors (MMP-2, 9 and TNF-α) in Rats Exposed to Arsenic. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Arsenic is a toxic element that widely widespread in environment. Inflammation is now considered as one of the major mechanisms implicated in arsenic poisoning. Curcumin (Cur) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are potential antioxidants that protect cells against inflammation. This study aimed to compare the protective effect of Cur and NAC on brain histology and inflammatory factors, including matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9 (MMP-2, 9) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats exposed to single dose of arsenic. Methods: Rats were exposed to single dose of arsenic (20mg/kg, by gavage) for 30 days and then treated with 300mg/kg NAC (by gavage) and 100mg/kg Cur (by gavage), individually. Serum level of TNF-α was measured using specific ELISA kits. MMP2 and MMP9 contents were measured using Gelatin Zymography method. Brain samples were collected for histopathological and morphological examinations. Results: Arsenic treatment induced white matter lesions and cellular damages at hippocampal CA1 area of the brain. The number of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells was significantly declined in arsenic exposed rats (p<0.05). Treatment with NAC and Cur improved these abnormalities. The mean levels of MMP2, MMP9 and TNF-α inflammatory biomarkers were slightly declined after treatment with NAC and Cur (p>0.05). Conclusion: NAC and Cur play an important role in protecting the hippocampal CA1 cells injury induced by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Fallah
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moghble
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Iraj Javadi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahadoran
- Department of Anatomy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Curcumin Exerted Neuroprotection against Ozone-Induced Oxidative Damage and Decreased NF- κB Activation in Rat Hippocampus and Serum Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9620684. [PMID: 30693069 PMCID: PMC6332875 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9620684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ozone is a harmful tropospheric pollutant, causing the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that lead to oxidative damage in living beings. NF-κB can be activated in response to oxidative damage, inducing an inflammatory response. Nowadays, there are no reliable results that consolidate the use of antioxidants to protect from damage caused by ozone, particularly in highly polluted cities. Curcumin has a strong antioxidant activity and is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB activation with no side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of curcumin in preventive and therapeutic approaches against oxidative damage, NF-κB activation, and the rise in serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by acute and chronic exposure to ozone in rat hippocampus. One hundred male Wistar rats were distributed into five groups; the intact control, curcumin-fed control, the ozone-exposed group, and the preventive and therapeutic groups. These last two groups were exposed to ozone and received food supplemented with curcumin. Lipid peroxidation was determined by spectrophotometry, and protein oxidation was evaluated by immunodetection of carbonylated proteins and densitometry analysis. Activation of NF-κB was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were determined by ELISA. Curcumin decreased NF-κB activation and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as protein and lipid oxidation, in both therapeutic and preventive approaches. Curcumin has proven to be a phytodrug against the damage caused by the environmental exposure to ozone.
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Chandravanshi LP, Gupta R, Shukla RK. Developmental Neurotoxicity of Arsenic: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Functions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:185-198. [PMID: 29502250 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increased concern about the health risks from exposure to arsenic at low doses, because of their neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. The exact mechanism underlying arsenic-induced neurotoxicity during sensitive periods of brain development remains unclear, although enhanced oxidative stresses, leading to mitochondrial dysfunctions might be involved. Here, we highlight the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress which leads to mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis in arsenic-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Here, the administration of sodium arsenite at doses of 2 or 4 mg/kg body weight in female rats from gestational to lactational (GD6-PD21) resulted to increased ROS, led to oxidative stress, and increased the apoptosis in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum of developing rats on PD22, compared to controls. Enhanced levels of ROS were associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and the activity of mitochondrial complexes, and hampered antioxidant levels. Further, neuronal apoptosis, as measured by changes in the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax, Caspase-3), anti-apoptotic (Bcl2), and stress marker proteins (p-p38, pJNK) in arsenic-exposed rats, was discussed. The severities of changes were found to more persist in the corpus striatum than in other brain regions of arsenic-exposed rats even after the withdrawal of exposure on PD45 as compared to controls. Therefore, our results indicate that perinatal arsenic exposure leads to abrupt changes in ROS, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial functions and that apoptotic factor in different brain regions of rats might contribute to this arsenic-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit P Chandravanshi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
| | - Richa Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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31
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Xu XY, Meng X, Li S, Gan RY, Li Y, Li HB. Bioactivity, Health Benefits, and Related Molecular Mechanisms of Curcumin: Current Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1553. [PMID: 30347782 PMCID: PMC6213156 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a principal curcuminoid of turmeric (Curcuma longa), which is commonly used as a spice in cooking and a yellow pigment in the food processing industry. Recent studies have demonstrated that curcumin has a variety of biological activities and pharmacological performances, providing protection and promotion of human health. In addition to presenting an overview of the gut metabolism of curcumin, this paper reviews the current research progress on its versatile bioactivity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulatory activities, and also intensively discusses its health benefits, including the protective or preventive effects on cancers and diabetes, as well as the liver, nervous system, and cardiovascular systems, highlighting the potential molecular mechanisms. Besides, the beneficial effects of curcumin on human are further stated based on clinical trials. Considering that there is still a debate on the beneficial effects of curcumin, we also discuss related challenges and prospects. Overall, curcumin is a promising ingredient of novel functional foods, with protective efficacy in preventing certain diseases. We hope this comprehensive and updated review will be helpful for promoting human-based studies to facilitate its use in human health and diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Baghel MS, Singh B, Dhuriya YK, Shukla RK, Patro N, Khanna VK, Patro IK, Thakur MK. Postnatal exposure to poly (I:C) impairs learning and memory through changes in synaptic plasticity gene expression in developing rat brain. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:379-389. [PMID: 30195050 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection during early stage of life influences brain development and results in several neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and behavioral abnormalities. However, the mechanism through which infection causes long-term behavioral defects is not well known. To elucidate this, we have used synthetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] which acts as a dsRNA molecule and interacts with toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3) of microglia cells to evoke the immune system, thus mimicking the viral infection. Rat pups of postnatal day (PND) 7 were infused with a single dose of poly (I:C) (5 mg/kg BW) and vehicle alone to controls. When these pups grew to 3, 6 and 12 weeks, their spatial and fear conditioning memory were impaired as assessed by Morris water maze and passive avoidance test, respectively. We checked the immune activation by staining of TNF-α in the hippocampus and observed that poly (I:C) exposure elevated the number of TNF-α positive cells immediately after 12 h of infusion in one week rat and it persisted up to postnatal age of 3 and 12 weeks. Moreover, poly (I:C) significantly decreased the binding of 3H-QNB to the cholinergic receptors in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of 3 and 6 weeks rats as compared to control but did not change significantly in 12 weeks rats. RT-PCR and immunoblotting results showed that poly (I:C) exposure upregulated the expression of memory associated genes (BDNF, Arc, EGR1) at mRNA and protein level in frontal cortex and hippocampus of 3 weeks rats as compared to control. However, long-time persistence of poly (I:C) effects significantly decreased the expression of these genes in both brain regions of 12 weeks rats. Taken together, it is evident that early life exposure to poly (I:C) has a long-term effect and impairs learning and memory, probably through TNF-α mediated neuroinflammation and alteration in the expression of memory associated genes in frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brijendra Singh
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Dhuriya
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Shukla
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Khanna
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Ishan Kumar Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India
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Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Sepand MR, Ghahremani MH, Aghsami M, Sanadgol N, Omidi A, Bodaghi-Namileh V, Sabzevari O. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Attenuates Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hippocampal Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:422-435. [PMID: 29189995 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Augmentation of mitochondrial oxidative stress through activating a series of deadly events has implicated as the main culprit of arsenic toxicity and therapeutic approaches based on improving mitochondrial function hold a great promise for attenuating the arsenic-induced toxicity. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) through balancing the coenzyme A (CoA)/acyl-CoA ratio plays an important role in mitochondrial metabolism and thereby can help protect hippocampal neurons from oxidative damage. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of arsenic interactions on the mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups of control (distilled water), sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, 20 mg/kg), and co-treatment of NaAsO2 with various doses of ALC in three groups (100, 200, 300 mg/kg) and were treated orally for 21 consecutive days. Our results point out that arsenic exposure caused oxidative stress in rats' hippocampus, which led to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial swelling, the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c. It also altered Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities. Furthermore, arsenic exposure via activation of NF-κB and microglia increased inflammation. ALC could concentration-dependently counteract the arsenic-induced oxidative stress, modulate the antioxidant defense capacity, and improve mitochondrial functions. In addition, ALC decreased the expression of both death-associated proteins and of inflammatory markers. These findings indicate that ALC improved the arsenic-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction which underlines the importance of ALC in providing a possible therapeutic strategy for the prevention of arsenic-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Keshavarz-Bahaghighat
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Omidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Bodaghi-Namileh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Srivastava P, Dhuriya YK, Kumar V, Srivastava A, Gupta R, Shukla RK, Yadav RS, Dwivedi HN, Pant AB, Khanna VK. PI3K/Akt/GSK3β induced CREB activation ameliorates arsenic mediated alterations in NMDA receptors and associated signaling in rat hippocampus: Neuroprotective role of curcumin. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:190-205. [PMID: 29723552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protective efficacy of curcumin in arsenic induced NMDA receptor dysfunctions and PI3K/Akt/ GSK3β signalling in hippocampus has been investigated in vivo and in vitro. Exposure to sodium arsenite (in vivo - 20 mg/kg, body weight p.o. for 28 days; in vitro - 10 μM for 24 h) and curcumin (in vivo - 100 mg/kg body weight p.o. for 28 days; in vitro - 20 μM for 24 h) was carried out alone or simultaneously. Treatment with curcumin ameliorated sodium arsenite induced alterations in the levels of NMDA receptors, its receptor subunits and synaptic proteins - pCaMKIIα, PSD-95 and SynGAP both in vivo and in vitro. Decreased levels of BDNF, pAkt, pERK1/2, pGSK3β and pCREB on sodium arsenite exposure were also protected by curcumin. Curcumin was found to decrease sodium arsenite induced changes in hippocampus by modulating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β neuronal survival pathway, known to regulate various cellular events. Treatment of hippocampal cultures with pharmacological inhibitors for ERK1/2, GSK3β and Akt individually inhibited levels of CREB and proteins associated with PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. Simultaneous treatment with curcumin was found to improve sodium arsenite induced learning and memory deficits in rats assessed by water maze and Y-maze. The results provide evidence that curcumin exercises its neuroprotective effect involving PI3K/Akt pathway which may affect NMDA receptors and downstream signalling through TrKβ and BDNF in arsenic induced cognitive deficits in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology and NeuroToxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, UP, India; School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarsi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226 028, UP, India
| | - Yogesh K Dhuriya
- Developmental Toxicology and NeuroToxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, UP, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Akriti Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology and NeuroToxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, UP, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology and NeuroToxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, UP, India; School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarsi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226 028, UP, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- Developmental Toxicology and NeuroToxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, UP, India
| | - Rajesh S Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, MP, India
| | - Hari N Dwivedi
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarsi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226 028, UP, India
| | - Aditya B Pant
- Developmental Toxicology and NeuroToxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, UP, India.
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- Developmental Toxicology and NeuroToxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, UP, India.
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35
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang C, Li Z, Liu X, Zhang J, Lu J, Wang D. Pharmacological Basis for the Use of Evodiamine in Alzheimer's Disease: Antioxidation and Antiapoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051527. [PMID: 29883380 PMCID: PMC5983845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (Evo), a major alkaloid compound isolated from the dry unripened fruit of Evodia fructus, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. The present study sought to explore the neuroprotective effects of Evo in l-glutamate (l-Glu)-induced apoptosis of HT22 cells, and in a d-galactose and aluminum trichloride-developed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. Evo significantly enhanced cell viability, inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, ameliorated mitochondrial function, increased the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein content, and inhibited the high expression levels of Bax, Bad, and cleaved-caspase-3 and -8 in l-Glu-induced HT22 cells. Evo also enhanced the phosphorylation activities of protein kinase B and the mammalian target of rapamycin in the l-Glu-induced HT22 cells. In the AD mouse model, Evo reduced the aimless and chaotic movements, reduced the time spent in the central area in the open field test, and decreased the escape latency time in the Morris water maze test. Evo reduced the deposition of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) in the brain, and increased the serum level of Aβ42, but showed no significant effects on Aβ40. In addition, six weeks of Evo administration significantly suppressed oxidative stress by modulating the related enzyme levels. In the central cholinergic system of AD mice, Evo significantly increased the serum levels of acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase and decreased the level of acetylcholinesterase in the serum, hypothalamus, and brain. Our results provide experimental evidence that Evo can serve as a neuroprotective candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chunyue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130006, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Changchun Shengjinnuo Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Wei M, Guo F, Rui D, Wang H, Feng G, Li S, Song G. Alleviation of Arsenic-Induced Pulmonary Oxidative Damage by GSPE as Shown during In vivo and In vitro Experiments. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:80-91. [PMID: 28803342 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A long-term exposure to arsenic may lead to lung damage due to oxidative stress. In this context, GSPE can play a major role as a strong antioxidant. Our study attempted to reveal the connection between arsenic-induced lung injury and the antagonistic effect of GSPE. For this purpose, BEAS-2B cells and Kunming mice were exposed to different dosages of As2O3 and GSPE. Oxidative stress indicators were detected both in vivo and in vitro. Cell survival rate and morphological changes in the lung tissue (H&E staining) were evaluated as well. It was exhibited that As2O3 increased oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro and decreased cells viability. In contrast, higher cell survival rate was revealed in the group treated with arsenic plus GSPE after 24 h as compared to that in the arsenic group. GSPE effectively reduced oxidative stress levels, along with increasing antioxidant capacity. In vivo experiments in arsenic-exposed group showed alveolar septum to be significantly thickened with considerable capillary congestion and invasion by inflammatory cells. After the intervention with GSPE, there seemed to be a dramatic reversal of morphology with thinning of the alveolar septum, decrease in capillary congestion, and number of inflammatory cells. This had shown that GSPE can effectively reduce the levels of oxidative stress, induced by arsenic in mice lung tissue. Conversely, antioxidant enzymes or products were increased. The experiment proved that GSPE can protect the lungs from oxidative damage induced by arsenic, and it may also be used as an antagonist against arsenic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Fangming Guo
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Dongsheng Rui
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Gangling Feng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
| | - Guanling Song
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
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Akanda MR, Tae HJ, Kim IS, Ahn D, Tian W, Islam A, Nam HH, Choo BK, Park BY. Hepatoprotective Role of Hydrangea macrophylla against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Mitochondrial-Dependent Oxidative Stress via the Inhibition of MAPK/Caspase-3 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071482. [PMID: 28698525 PMCID: PMC5535972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) has been recognized as a worldwide health concern. Hydrangea macrophylla (HM) is used as traditional Chinese medicine possessing antioxidant activities. The study was performed to investigate the therapeutic role and underlying molecular mechanism of HM on NaAsO2-induced toxicity in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells and liver in mice. The hepatoprotective role of HM in HepG2 cells was assessed by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Histopathology, lipid peroxidation, serum biochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the protective role of HM against NaAsO2 intoxication in liver tissue. In this study, we found that co-treatment with HM significantly attenuated the NaAsO2-induced cell viability loss, intracellular ROS, and LDH release in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic histopathology, lipid peroxidation, and the serum biochemical parameters alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were notably improved by HM. HM effectively downregulated the both gene and protein expression level of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Moreover, HM well-regulated the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) ratio, remarkably suppressed the release of cytochrome c, and blocked the expression of the post-apoptotic transcription factor caspase-3. Therefore, our study provides new insights into the hepatoprotective role of HM through its reduction in apoptosis, which likely involves in the modulation of MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - In-Shik Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Weishun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Anowarul Islam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Hwa Nam
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
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Akanda MR, Kim IS, Ahn D, Tae HJ, Tian W, Nam HH, Choo BK, Park BY. In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatoprotective Effects of Geranium koreanum Methanolic Extract via Downregulation of MAPK/Caspase-3 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:8137627. [PMID: 28757890 PMCID: PMC5516716 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8137627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Geranium koreanum (GK) is an indigenous Chinese herbal medicine widely used for the treatment of various inflammation and liver disorders. However, the exact mechanism of action of GK remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of GK on NaAsO2-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and liver damage in mice. The cytoprotective role of GK was assessed on HepG2 cells using MTT assay. Oxidative stress and lactate dehydrogenase levels were measured with ROS and LDH assay. Histopathology and serum enzymes levels were estimated. The molecular mechanism was evaluated by qPCR and immunoblotting to ensure the hepatoprotective role of GK against NaAsO2 intoxication in mice. We found cotreatment with GK significantly attenuated NaAsO2-induced cell viability loss, intracellular ROS, and LDH release. Hepatic histopathology and serum biochemical parameters, ALT, and AST were notably improved by cotreatment with GK. Beside, GK markedly altered both mRNA and protein expression level of MAPK. The proapoptotic and antiapoptotic protein Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly regulated by GK. Moreover, GK remarkably suppressed the postapoptotic transcription protein cleaved caspase-3 expression. The present study reveals that GK possesses hepatoprotective activity which is probably involved in the modulation of the MAPK/caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - In-Shik Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Weishun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hwa Nam
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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Kumar MR, Reddy GR. Influence of age on arsenic-induced behavioral and cholinergic perturbations: Amelioration with zinc and α-tocopherol. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:295-308. [PMID: 29233033 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117698540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to determine arsenic (As) (10 mg/kg body weight given through oral gavage) induced behavioral and cholinergic perturbations in three different age groups of rats; young (postnatal day 21), adult (3 months), and aged (18 months) at 7 days post-acute exposure ( n = 6 for each of the four groups of all three age points). Further, we also evaluated the ameliorative effect of essential metal zinc (Zn; 0.02% through drinking water) and an antioxidant, α-tocopherol (vitamin E; 125 mg/kg body weight through oral gavage) against As-induced neurotoxicity. As exposure showed significant alterations in behavioral functions (open-field behavior, total locomotor activity, grip strength, exploratory behavior, and water maze learning). Cholinergic studies in three brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus) of different age groups also showed significant increase in acetylcholine levels and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity. These effects were more pronounced in hippocampus followed by cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Among the three different age points, aged animals were found to be more vulnerable to the As-induced toxicity as compared to young and adult animals suggesting that As neurotoxicity is age dependent. These As-induced alterations were significantly reversed following supplementation with Zn or vitamin E. However, vitamin E was found to elicit greater protection as compared to Zn in restoring the altered behavioral and cholinergic perturbations, providing evidence for As-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kumar
- 1 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G R Reddy
- 1 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Karakulak UN, Gunduzoz M, Ayturk M, Tek Ozturk M, Tutkun E, Yilmaz OH. Assessment of heart rate response to exercise and recovery during treadmill testing in arsenic-exposed workers. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2017; 22. [PMID: 28247524 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess cardiac autonomic function via heart rate response to exercise and recovery period of treadmill testing in arsenic-exposed workers. METHODS Sixty-five (65) occupationally arsenic-exposed workers and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood and urinary arsenic levels were analyzed and symptom limited maximal treadmill exercise test were performed. Chronotropic response to exercise including age-predicted maximal heart rate (APMHR), heart rate reserve (HRreserve ), age-predicted HRreserve (APHRreserve ) and adjusted HRreserve and 1st-, 2nd-and 3rd-min heart rate recovery (HRR) indices were calculated. RESULTS Baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters, exercise test duration, resting and maximal heart rate, peak exercise capacity, HRreserve , APMHR, APHRreserve , and adjusted HRreserve were found to be similar between groups. HRR1 (22.0 ± 4.3 vs. 24.3 ± 3.1 bpm, p = .003) and HRR2 (43.2 ± 6.2 vs. 46.7 ± 6.4 bpm, p = .012) were significantly lower in arsenic-exposed workers compared to controls. Blood and urinary arsenic levels negatively correlated with HRR1 (r = -.477, p < .001 and r = -.438, p < .001, respectively) and HRR2 (r = -.507, p < .001 and r = -.412, p < .001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Arsenic-exposed workers had lower HRR indices than normal subjects but chronotropic response were similar. Cardiac autonomic dysregulation may be one of the cardiovascular consequences of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meside Gunduzoz
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ayturk
- Department of Cardiology, Kecioren Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mujgan Tek Ozturk
- Department of Cardiology, Kecioren Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Tutkun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Omer Hinc Yilmaz
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Srivastava P, Dhuriya YK, Gupta R, Shukla RK, Yadav RS, Dwivedi HN, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Protective Effect of Curcumin by Modulating BDNF/DARPP32/CREB in Arsenic-Induced Alterations in Dopaminergic Signaling in Rat Corpus Striatum. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:445-461. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Singh S, Srivastava A, Srivastava P, Dhuriya YK, Pandey A, Kumar D, Rajpurohit CS. Advances in Stem Cell Research- A Ray of Hope in Better Diagnosis and Prognosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:72. [PMID: 27878120 PMCID: PMC5099954 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disorders have been a global health issue affecting the aging population worldwide. Recent advances in stem cell biology have changed the current face of neurodegenerative disease modeling, diagnosis, and transplantation therapeutics. Stem cells also serve the purpose of a simple in-vitro tool for screening therapeutic drugs and chemicals. We present the application of stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the field of neurodegeneration and address the issues of diagnosis, modeling, and therapeutic transplantation strategies for the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. We have discussed the progress made in the last decade and have largely focused on the various applications of stem cells in the neurodegenerative research arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shripriya Singh
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Akriti Srivastava
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Pranay Srivastava
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Yogesh K. Dhuriya
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Dipak Kumar
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Chetan S. Rajpurohit
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchLucknow, India
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Prakash C, Kumar V. Arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage is mediated by decreased PGC-1α expression and its downstream targets in rat brain. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:228-35. [PMID: 27425645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage and its relation to biogenesis in rat brain. Chronic sodium arsenite (25 ppm, orally) administration for 12 weeks decreased mitochondrial complexes activities and mRNA expression of selective complexes subunits. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator PGC-1α, and its downstream targets NRF-1, NRF-2 and Tfam were decreased significantly both at mRNA and protein levels suggesting impaired biogenesis following chronic arsenic-exposure. In addition to this, protein expression analysis also revealed activation of Bax and caspase-3, leading to translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol suggesting induction of apoptotic pathway under oxidative stress. This was further confirmed by electron microscopy study which depicted morphological changes in mitochondria in terms of altered nuclear and mitochondrial shape and chromatin condensation in arsenic-treated rats. The immunohistochemical studies showed both nuclear and cytosolic localization of NRF-1 and NRF-2 in arsenic-exposed rat brain further suggesting regulatory role of these transcription factors under arsenic neurotoxicity. The results of present study indicate that arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage is associated with decreased mitochondrial biogenesis in rat brain that may present as important target to reveal the mechanism for arsenic-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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An Y, Liu T, Liu X, Zhao L, Wang J. Rac1 and Cdc42 Play Important Roles in Arsenic Neurotoxicity in Primary Cultured Rat Cerebellar Astrocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:173-82. [PMID: 26231544 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore whether Rac1 and Cdc42, representative members of Ras homologue guanosine triphosphatases (Rho GTPases), are involved in neurotoxicity induced by arsenic exposure in rat nervous system. Expressions of Rac1 and Cdc42 in rat cerebellum and cerebrum exposed to different doses of NaAsO2 (Wistar rats drank 0, 2, 10, and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 water for 3 months) were examined. Both Rac1 and Cdc42 expressions increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in cerebellum (P < 0.01) by Western blot and immunohistochemistry assay, but in cerebrum, Rac1 and Cdc42 expressions only in 2 mg/L exposure groups were significantly higher than those in control groups (P < 0.01). Five to 50 μM NaAsO2 decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in primary cultured rat astrocytes, whereas 1 μM NaAsO2 increased the cell viability in these cells. Rac1 inhibitor, NSC23766, decreased NaAsO2-induced apoptosis and increased the cell viability in primary cultured rat cerebellar astrocytes exposed to 30 μM NaAsO2. Cdc42 inhibitor, ZCL278, increased cell viability in the cells exposed to 30 μM NaAsO2. Taken together, our current studies in vivo and in vitro indicate that activations of Rac1 and Cdc42 play a very important role in arsenic neurotoxicity in rat cerebellum, providing a new insight into arsenic neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan An
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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Srivastava P, Yadav RS. Efficacy of Natural Compounds in Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:107-123. [PMID: 27651251 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders represent clusters of serious diseases that results in progressive deterioration of normal structure and physiology of central nervous system. Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or other neurodegenerative disorders involves multifaceted permutation of genetic and environmental factors. Combinations of lifestyle modification linked with environmental factor jointly or alone represent the largest share of cases of these disorders. Etiology of such neuronal degeneration involves manifestation of toxic reaction in the form of functional anomalies leading to dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, activated inflammatory cascade, compromised neuronal survival pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction and finally neuronal apoptosis/necrosis and cell death. Furthermore, evidences from various studies exhibited role of oxidative stress and compromised anti-oxidant defense system as one of the prime factors associated with activation of various signal transduction pathways that would ultimately lead to the formation of amyloid beta or alpha synuclein in the brain. Keeping in view of complex etiology and pathophysiology along with a miniscule of available treatment options associated with these neurodegenerative disorders, the role of natural agents and herbal extracts as therapeutic alternatives alone or in combination with synthetic drugs could not be ruled out. In the same context the present chapter has been aimed to investigate the role of selected natural plants like Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Centella asiatica, Ocimum sanctum, Nardostachys jatamansi and Emblica officinalis in various neurodegenerative disorders and explore their targets to ameliorate neurotoxicity in various experimental models. The rationale for selection of these plants was based on their strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential and large body of evidence that suggest their efficacy in preclinical as well as in clinical studies. Active constituents if these herbals might play an important role in preserving the integrity of various neurotransmitters and their receptor in the brain influencing its functions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, UP, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470 003, MP, India.
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Prakash C, Soni M, Kumar V. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:179-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Manisha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
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47
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Yin X, Zhang X, Lv C, Li C, Yu Y, Wang X, Han F. Protocatechuic acid ameliorates neurocognitive functions impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14507. [PMID: 26419512 PMCID: PMC4588513 DOI: 10.1038/srep14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a serious consequence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and has deleterious effects on central neurons and neurocognitive functions. This study examined if protocatechuic acid (PCA) could improve learning and memory functions of rats exposed to CIH conditions and explore potential mechanisms. Neurocognitive functions were evaluated in male SD rats by step-through passive avoidance test and Morris water maze assay following exposure to CIH or room air conditions. Ultrastructure changes were investigated with transmission electron microscopy, and neuron apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assays. Ultrastructure changes were investigated with transmission electron microscope and neuron apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assays. The effects of PCA on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and brain IL-1β levels were investigated. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, c-fos, SYN, BDNF and pro-BDNF were also studied along with JNK, P38 and ERK phosphorylation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCA action. PCA was seen to enhance learning and memory ability, and alleviate oxidative stress, apoptosis and glial proliferation following CIH exposure in rats. In addition, PCA administration also decreased the level of IL-1β in brain and increased the expression of BDNF and SYN. We conclude that PCA administration will ameliorate CIH-induced cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China.,Department of respiration, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of respiration, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Chunli Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China.,Department of respiration, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of respiration, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of respiration, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
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Singh MK, Yadav SS, Yadav RS, Chauhan A, Katiyar D, Khattri S. Protective effect of Emblica-officinalis in arsenic induced biochemical alteration and inflammation in mice. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:438. [PMID: 26312203 PMCID: PMC4545902 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in individuals has been found to be associated with immune related problems. In earlier studies, we have demonstrated that amla protects against arsenic induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in thymus and spleen of mice. In continuation to that the present study has therefore been focused to investigate the
protective efficacy of amla in arsenic induced inflammation and immunotoxicity in mice. The results showed that arsenic treatment significantly increased serum urea levels (69 %), glucose levels (48 %) and triglyceride levels (66 %) as compared to controls. Mice exposed to arsenic exhibited significant increased in TNF-α (4.3-fold), serum Interleukin-1 beta (threefold), Interleukin-6 (3.8-fold) as compared to controls. Arsenic exposure increased the relative frequency of CD8+ (Tc) cells sub-population (18.9 %) and decreased CD4+ (Th) cells (2.6 %). Arsenic exposure also significantly decreased T (CD3) and B (CD19) cells (21.1 %) as compared to controls. Simultaneously treatment with arsenic and amla significantly inhibited serum urea levels (47 %), glucose levels (50 %) and triglyceride levels (14 %). It also significantly decreased the TNF-α (1.1-fold), levels of IL-1β (1.6-fold), levels of Interleukin-6 (1.3-fold) in serum as compared to those treated with arsenic alone. Simultaneously treatment with arsenic and amla restored the alterations in CD8+ and CD4+ cells and also recovered the damages in B and T sub cells population. Results of the present study clearly indicate that arsenic induced immunotoxicity linked with inflammation has been significantly protected through simultaneous treatment with arsenic and amla that was due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of amla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Suraj Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470 003 MP India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Devendra Katiyar
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Sanjay Khattri
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
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Curcumin Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Kidney Mitochondrial Alterations: Possible Role of a Mitochondrial Biogenesis Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:917435. [PMID: 26345660 PMCID: PMC4541007 DOI: 10.1155/2015/917435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that curcumin (CUR), a polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa, exerts a protective effect against gentamicin- (GM-) induced nephrotoxicity in rats, associated with a preservation of the antioxidant status. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark in the GM-induced renal injury, the role of CUR in mitochondrial protection has not been studied. In this work, LLC-PK1 cells were preincubated 24 h with CUR and then coincubated 48 h with CUR and 8 mM GM. Treatment with CUR attenuated GM-induced drop in cell viability and led to an increase in nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) cell expression attenuating GM-induced losses in these proteins. In vivo, Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with GM (75 mg/Kg/12 h) during 7 days to develop kidney mitochondrial alterations. CUR (400 mg/Kg/day) was administered orally 5 days before and during the GM exposure. The GM-induced mitochondrial alterations in ultrastructure and bioenergetics as well as decrease in activities of respiratory complexes I and IV and induction of calcium-dependent permeability transition were mostly attenuated by CUR. Protection of CUR against GM-induced nephrotoxicity could be in part mediated by maintenance of mitochondrial functions and biogenesis with some participation of the nuclear factor Nrf2.
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Curcumin supplementation improves mitochondrial and behavioral deficits in experimental model of chronic epilepsy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 125:55-64. [PMID: 25117510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of curcumin, a polyphenol with pleiotropic properties, on mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and cognitive deficits in a kindled model of epilepsy. Kindled epilepsy was induced in rats by administering a sub-convulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 40 mg/kg body weight) every alternate day for 30 days. PTZ administered rats exhibited marked cognitive deficits assessed using active and passive avoidance tasks. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in NADH:cytochrome-c reductase (complex I) and cytochrome-c oxidase (complex IV) activities along with an increase in ROS, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls. The levels of glutathione also decreased in the cortex and hippocampus. Electron micrographs revealed disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity with distorted cristae in PTZ treated animals. Histopathological examination showed pyknotic nuclei and cell loss in the hippocampus as well as in the cortex of PTZ treated animals. Curcumin administration at a dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o. throughout the treatment paradigm was able to ameliorate cognitive deficits with no significant effect on seizure score. Curcumin was able to restore the activity of mitochondrial complexes. In addition, significant reduction in ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls was observed in PTZ animals supplemented with curcumin. Moreover, glutathione levels were also restored in PTZ treated rats supplemented with curcumin. Curcumin protected mitochondria from seizure induced structural alterations. Further, the curcumin supplemented PTZ rats had normal cell morphology and reduced cell loss. These results suggest that curcumin supplementation has potential to prevent mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress with improved cognitive functions in a chronic model of epilepsy.
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