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Treccani S, Ferruti P, Alongi J, Monti E, Zizioli D, Ranucci E. Ecotoxicity Assessment of α-Amino Acid-Derived Polyamidoamines Using Zebrafish as a Vertebrate Model. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2087. [PMID: 39065404 PMCID: PMC11280761 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aquatic ecotoxicity of three α-amino acid-derived polyamidoamines (PAAs) was studied using zebrafish embryos as a viable vertebrate model organism. The PAAs examined were water-soluble amphoteric polyelectrolytes with a primarily negative charge, which were efficient flame retardants for cotton. The fish embryo acute toxicity test performed with PAA water solutions using 1.5-500 mg L-1 concentrations showed that toxicity did not statistically differ from the control. The survival rates were indeed >90%, even at the highest concentration; the hatching rates were >80%; and the numbers of morphological defects were comparable to those of the control. Tests using transgenic zebrafish lines indicated that the numbers of microscopic vascular and musculoskeletal defects were comparable to the control, with one random concentration showing doubled alterations. Sensory-motor tests in response to visual and tactile stimuli were also performed. In the presence of PAAs, embryos exposed to alternating light/dark cycles showed an insignificant mobility reduction during the dark phase. Touch-evoked response tests revealed a mild effect of PAAs on the neuromotor system at concentrations > 10 mg L-1. The cystine/glycine copolymer at 100 mg L-1 exhibited the greatest effect. Overall, the studied PAAs showed a minimal impact on aquatic systems and should be further considered as promising ecofriendly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Treccani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.T.); (P.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.T.); (P.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Jenny Alongi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.T.); (P.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.T.); (P.F.); (J.A.)
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2
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Chand A, Kumar S, Kapoor S, Singh D, Gaur B. Lysine and citric acid based pegylated polymeric dendritic nano drug delivery carrier and their bioactivity evaluation. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38910561 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2362023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to synthesize multifunctional nanodendritic structural molecules that can effectively encapsulate hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic therapeutic agents. Four different types of fourth-generation lysine-citric acid based dendrimer have been synthesized in this work: PE-MC-Lys-CA-PEG, TMP-MC-Lys-CA-PEG, PE-MS-Lys-CA-PEG, and TMP-MS-Lys-CA-PEG. The antibacterial drug cefotaxime (CFTX) was further conjugated to these dendrimers. The dendrimer and drug-dendrimer conjugate structures were characterized with the help of FTIR,1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Zeta sizer, AFM, and HR-TEM techniques were used to investigate the particle size, surface topography, and structural characteristics of drug-dendrimer conjugates. In vitro drug release was then investigated using dialysis method. Various kinetic drug release models were examined to evaluate the type of kinetic drug release mechanism of the formulations. Cytotoxicity study revealed that the dendrimers encapsulated with CFTX exhibited 2-3% toxicity against healthy epithelial cells, indicating their safe use. Plain dendrimers show 10-15% hemolytic toxicity against red blood cells (RBC), and the toxicity was reduced to 2-3% when CFTX was conjugated to the same dendrimers. The 3rd and 4th generation synthesized drug-dendrimer conjugates exhibit a significantly effective zone of inhibition (ZOI) against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. For Gram-positive bacteria, the lower concentration of 0.1 mg/mL showed more than 98% inhibition of drug-dendrimer conjugate samples against B. subtilis and more than 50% inhibition against S. aureus using 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, samples with concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL exhibited more than 50% inhibition against S. typhimurium and E. coli, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar Chand
- Chemistry Department, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur,Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Subhash Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Smita Kapoor
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bharti Gaur
- Chemistry Department, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur,Himachal Pradesh, India
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3
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Custódio B, Carneiro P, Marques J, Leiro V, Valentim AM, Sousa M, Santos SD, Bessa J, Pêgo AP. Biological Response Following the Systemic Injection of PEG-PAMAM-Rhodamine Conjugates in Zebrafish. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:608. [PMID: 38794270 PMCID: PMC11125904 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous therapeutic and diagnostic approaches used within a clinical setting depend on the administration of compounds via systemic delivery. Biomaterials at the nanometer scale, as dendrimers, act as delivery systems by improving cargo bioavailability, circulation time, and the targeting of specific tissues. Although evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological agents based on nanobiomaterials is crucial, conducting toxicological assessments of biomaterials is essential for advancing clinical translation. Here, a zebrafish larvae model was explored to assess the biocompatibility of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM), one of the most exploited dendrimers for drug delivery. We report the impact of a systemic injection of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified G4 PAMAM conjugated with rhodamine (Rho) as a mimetic drug (PEG-PAMAM-Rho) on survival, animal development, inflammation, and neurotoxicity. A concentration- and time-dependent effect was observed on mortality, developmental morphology, and innate immune system activation (macrophages). Significant effects in toxicological indicators were reported in the highest tested concentration (50 mg/mL PEG-PAMAM-Rho) as early as 48 h post-injection. Additionally, a lower concentration of PEG-PAMAM-Rho (5 mg/mL) was found to be safe and subsequently tested for neurotoxicity through behavioral assays. In accordance, no significative signs of toxicity were detected. In conclusion, the dose response of the animal was assessed, and the safe dosage for future use in theragnostics was defined. Additionally, new methodologies were established that can be adapted to further studies in toxicology using other nanosystems for systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Custódio
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Marques
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Leiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Valentim
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
| | - Sofia D. Santos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Bessa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Pêgo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal (S.D.S.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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4
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Nair A, Greeny A, Nandan A, Sah RK, Jose A, Dyawanapelly S, Junnuthula V, K V A, Sadanandan P. Advanced drug delivery and therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:414. [PMID: 37946240 PMCID: PMC10634178 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches for effective treatment. Conventional TB therapy encounters several limitations, including extended treatment duration, drug resistance, patient noncompliance, poor bioavailability, and suboptimal targeting. Advanced drug delivery strategies have emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges. They have the potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes and improve TB patient compliance by providing benefits such as multiple drug encapsulation, sustained release, targeted delivery, reduced dosing frequency, and minimal side effects. This review examines the current landscape of drug delivery strategies for effective TB management, specifically highlighting lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, emulsion-based systems, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and hydrogels as promising approaches. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic strategies like targeted therapy, long-acting therapeutics, extrapulmonary therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are emphasized. The review also discusses the future trajectory and challenges of developing drug delivery systems for TB. In conclusion, nanomedicine has made substantial progress in addressing the challenges posed by conventional TB drugs. Moreover, by harnessing the unique targeting abilities, extended duration of action, and specificity of advanced therapeutics, innovative solutions are offered that have the potential to revolutionize TB therapy, thereby enhancing treatment outcomes and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Alosh Greeny
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | | | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant Sadanandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
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5
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La CC, Smith SA, Vappala S, Adili R, Luke CE, Abbina S, Luo HD, Chafeeva I, Drayton M, Creagh LA, de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez M, Rhoads N, Kalathottukaren MT, Henke PK, Straus SK, Du C, Conway EM, Holinstat M, Haynes CA, Morrissey JH, Kizhakkedathu JN. Smart thrombosis inhibitors without bleeding side effects via charge tunable ligand design. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2177. [PMID: 37100783 PMCID: PMC10133246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatments to prevent thrombosis, namely anticoagulants and platelets antagonists, remain complicated by the persistent risk of bleeding. Improved therapeutic strategies that diminish this risk would have a huge clinical impact. Antithrombotic agents that neutralize and inhibit polyphosphate (polyP) can be a powerful approach towards such a goal. Here, we report a design concept towards polyP inhibition, termed macromolecular polyanion inhibitors (MPI), with high binding affinity and specificity. Lead antithrombotic candidates are identified through a library screening of molecules which possess low charge density at physiological pH but which increase their charge upon binding to polyP, providing a smart way to enhance their activity and selectivity. The lead MPI candidates demonstrates antithrombotic activity in mouse models of thrombosis, does not give rise to bleeding, and is well tolerated in mice even at very high doses. The developed inhibitor is anticipated to open avenues in thrombosis prevention without bleeding risk, a challenge not addressed by current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel C La
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sreeparna Vappala
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Bloodworks Research Institute, 1551 Eastlake Avenue E.; Ste. 100, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Catherine E Luke
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haiming D Luo
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Irina Chafeeva
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew Drayton
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise A Creagh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nicole Rhoads
- Bloodworks Research Institute, 1551 Eastlake Avenue E.; Ste.100, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Manu Thomas Kalathottukaren
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter K Henke
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caigan Du
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Haynes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Shiabiev IE, Pysin DA, Padnya PL, Stoikov II. First-Generation Dendrimers Based on Thiacalix[4]arene Containing Hydroxyl Terminal Groups: Synthesis and Self-Assembly. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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7
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p-Coumaric acid in poly(amidoamine) G4 dendrimer: Characterization and toxicity evaluation on zebrafish model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Rawlings JM, Belanger SE, Connors KA, Karb MJ, Thomas JB, Roush KS, Sanderson H. Understanding Ecotoxicological Responses of Fish Embryos and Gill Cells to Cationic Polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2259-2272. [PMID: 35703088 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are considered by the scientific and regulatory communities as a group of greater interest amongst the polymers in commerce. As a category, relatively little hazard information is available in the public literature. Very few examples exist of published, high-quality polymer characterization and quantification of exposure. In the present study we describe a series of fish embryo toxicity (FET) and fish gill cytotoxicity assays used to establish a baseline understanding of several representative polyquaternium categories (PQ-6, PQ-10, PQ-16) in animal alternative models, accompanied by high-quality analytical characterization. Materials were chosen to encompass a range of molecular weights and charge densities to determine the influence of test material characteristics on toxicity. Both chorionated and dechorionated FET assays were generally similar to published acute fish toxicity data. Toxicity was correlated with cationic polymer charge density, and not with molecular weight, and was a combination of physical effects and likely toxicity at the site of action. Toxicity could be ameliorated by humic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Fish gill cytotoxicity results were orders of magnitude less sensitive than FET test responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2259-2272. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Rawlings
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott E Belanger
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin A Connors
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mike J Karb
- Corporate Functions Analytical, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline B Thomas
- Corporate Functions Analytical, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle S Roush
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Section for Toxicology and Chemistry, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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9
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Weiss AM, Hossainy S, Rowan SJ, Hubbell JA, Esser-Kahn AP. Immunostimulatory Polymers as Adjuvants, Immunotherapies, and Delivery Systems. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6913-6937. [PMID: 36034324 PMCID: PMC9404695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activating innate immunity in a controlled manner is
necessary
for the development of next-generation therapeutics. Adjuvants, or
molecules that modulate the immune response, are critical components
of vaccines and immunotherapies. While small molecules and biologics
dominate the adjuvant market, emerging evidence supports the use of
immunostimulatory polymers in therapeutics. Such polymers can stabilize
and deliver cargo while stimulating the immune system by functioning
as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists. At the same time,
in designing polymers that engage the immune system, it is important
to consider any unintended initiation of an immune response that results
in adverse immune-related events. Here, we highlight biologically
derived and synthetic polymer scaffolds, as well as polymer–adjuvant
systems and stimuli-responsive polymers loaded with adjuvants, that
can invoke an immune response. We present synthetic considerations
for the design of such immunostimulatory polymers, outline methods
to target their delivery, and discuss their application in therapeutics.
Finally, we conclude with our opinions on the design of next-generation
immunostimulatory polymers, new applications of immunostimulatory
polymers, and the development of improved preclinical immunocompatibility
tests for new polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Weiss
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Samir Hossainy
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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10
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Haider M, Zaki KZ, El Hamshary MR, Hussain Z, Orive G, Ibrahim HO. Polymeric nanocarriers: A promising tool for early diagnosis and efficient treatment of colorectal cancer. J Adv Res 2022; 39:237-255. [PMID: 35777911 PMCID: PMC9263757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer for incidence and second for mortality worldwide. Late diagnosis and inconvenient and expensive current diagnostic tools largely contribute to the progress of the disease. The use of chemotherapy in the management of CRC significantly reduces tumor growth, metastasis, and morbidity rates. However, poor solubility, low cellular uptake, nonspecific distribution, multiple drug resistance and unwanted adverse effects are still among the major drawbacks of chemotherapy that limit its clinical significance in the treatment of CRC. Owing to their remarkable advantages over conventional therapies, the use of nanotechnology-based delivery systems especially polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs) has revolutionized many fields including disease diagnosis and drug delivery. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we shed the light on the current status of using PNCs in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC with a special focus on targeting strategies, surface modifications and safety concerns for different types of PNCs in colonic cancer delivery. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The review explores the current progress on the use of PNCs in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC with a special focus on the role of PNCs in improvement of cellular uptake, drug targeting and co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Possible toxicity and biocompatibility issues related to the use of PNCs and imitations and future recommendation for the use of those smart carriers in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 71526, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Zaki Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Rafat El Hamshary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Haidy Osama Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Palan F, Chatterjee B. Dendrimers in the context of targeting central nervous system disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Safety Challenges and Application Strategies for the Use of Dendrimers in Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061292. [PMID: 35745863 PMCID: PMC9230513 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are used for a variety of applications in medicine but, due to their host–guest and entrapment characteristics, are particularly used for the delivery of genes and drugs. However, dendrimers are intrinsically toxic, thus creating a major limitation for their use in biological systems. To reduce such toxicity, biocompatible dendrimers have been designed and synthesized, and surface engineering has been used to create advantageous changes at the periphery of dendrimers. Although dendrimers have been reviewed previously in the literature, there has yet to be a systematic and comprehensive review of the harmful effects of dendrimers. In this review, we describe the routes of dendrimer exposure and their distribution in vivo. Then, we discuss the toxicity of dendrimers at the organ, cellular, and sub-cellular levels. In this review, we also describe how technology can be used to reduce dendrimer toxicity, by changing their size and surface functionalization, how dendrimers can be combined with other materials to generate a composite formulation, and how dendrimers can be used for the diagnosis of disease. Finally, we discuss future challenges, developments, and research directions in developing biocompatible and safe dendrimers for medical purposes.
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13
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Messerschmidt VL, Chintapula U, Bonetesta F, Laboy-Segarra S, Naderi A, Nguyen KT, Cao H, Mager E, Lee J. In vivo Evaluation of Non-viral NICD Plasmid-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in Developing Zebrafish to Improve Cardiac Functions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819767. [PMID: 35283767 PMCID: PMC8906778 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of the advanced nanomaterials, use of nanoparticles has been highlighted in biomedical research. However, the demonstration of DNA plasmid delivery with nanoparticles for in vivo gene delivery experiments must be carefully tested due to many possible issues, including toxicity. The purpose of the current study was to deliver a Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD)-encoded plasmid via poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and to investigate the toxic environmental side effects for an in vivo experiment. In addition, we demonstrated the target delivery to the endothelium, including the endocardial layer, which is challenging to manipulate gene expression for cardiac functions due to the beating heart and rapid blood pumping. For this study, we used a zebrafish animal model and exposed it to nanoparticles at varying concentrations to observe for specific malformations over time for toxic effects of PLGA nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle. Our nanoparticles caused significantly less malformations than the positive control, ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the NICD plasmid was successfully delivered by PLGA nanoparticles and significantly increased Notch signaling related genes. Furthermore, our image based deep-learning analysis approach evaluated that the antibody conjugated nanoparticles were successfully bound to the endocardium to overexpress Notch related genes and improve cardiac function such as ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. This research demonstrates that PLGA nanoparticle-mediated target delivery to upregulate Notch related genes which can be a potential therapeutic approach with minimum toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Messerschmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Fabrizio Bonetesta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Laboy-Segarra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Amir Naderi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Edward Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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14
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Gonçalves M, Kairys V, Rodrigues J, Tomás H. Polyester Dendrimers Based on Bis-MPA for Doxorubicin Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:20-33. [PMID: 34870412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most used chemotherapeutic drugs due to its efficacy against a wide group of cancer types, it presents severe side effects. As such, intensive research is being carried out to find new nanoscale systems that can help to overcome this problem. Polyester dendrimers based on the monomer 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) are very promising systems for biomedical applications due to their biodegradability properties. In this study, bis-MPA-based dendrimers were, for the first time, evaluated as DOX delivery vehicles. Generations 4 and 5 of bis-MPA-based dendrimers with hydroxyl groups at the surface were used (B-G4-OH and B-G5-OH), together with dendrimers partially functionalized with amine groups (B-G4-NH2/OH and B-G5-NH2/OH). Partial functionalization was chosen because the main purpose was to compare the effect of different functional groups on dendrimers' drug delivery behavior without compromising cell viability, which is often affected by dendrimers' cationic charge. Results revealed that bis-MPA-based dendrimers were cytocompatible, independently of the chemical groups that were present at their surface. The B-G4-NH2/OH and B-G5-NH2/OH dendrimers were able to retain a higher number of DOX molecules, but the in vitro release of the drug was faster. On the contrary, the hydroxyl-terminated dendrimers exhibited a lower loading capacity but were able to deliver the drug in a more sustained manner. These results were in accordance with the cytotoxicity studies performed in several models of cancer cell lines and human mesenchymal stem cells. Overall, the results confirmed that it is possible to tune the drug delivery properties of bis-MPA-based dendrimers by modifying surface functionalization. Moreover, molecular modeling studies provided insights into the nature of the interactions established between the drug and the bis-MPA-based dendrimers─DOX molecules attach to their surface rather than being physically encapsulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Gonçalves
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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15
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Kheraldine H, Rachid O, Habib AM, Al Moustafa AE, Benter IF, Akhtar S. Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: A focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113908. [PMID: 34390777 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems or vectors are usually needed to improve the bioavailability and effectiveness of a drug through improving its pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics at an organ, tissue or cellular level. However, emerging technologies with sensitive readouts as well as a greater understanding of physiological/biological systems have revealed that polymeric drug delivery systems are not biologically inert but can have innate or intrinsic biological actions. In this article, we review the emerging multiple innate biological/toxicological properties of naked polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer delivery systems in the absence of any drug cargo and discuss their correlation with the defined physicochemical properties of PAMAMs in terms of molecular size (generation), architecture, surface charge and chemistry. Further, we assess whether any of the reported intrinsic biological actions of PAMAMs such as their antimicrobial activity or their ability to sequester glucose and modulate key protein interactions or cell signaling pathways, can be exploited clinically such as in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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16
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Abd-El-Aziz AS, Benaaisha MR, Abdelghani AA, Bissessur R, Abdel-Rahman LH, Fayez AM, El-ezz DA. Aspirin-Based Organoiron Dendrimers as Promising Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Drugs. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1568. [PMID: 34827566 PMCID: PMC8615929 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing nanocarriers with actions directed at a specific organ or tissue is a very promising strategy since it can significantly reduce the toxicity of a bioactive drug. In this study, an organometallic dendrimer was used to synthesize a biocompatible drug delivery system by attaching aspirin to the periphery of the dendrimer. Our goal is to enhance the bioavailability and anticancer activity of aspirin and reduce its toxicity through successive generations of organoiron dendrimers. The biological activity of aspirin-based dendrimer complexes was evaluated. The result of antimicrobial activity of the synthesized dendrimers also demonstrated an increase in their antimicrobial activity with increased generation of the dendrimers for most types of microorganisms. This study reveals for the first time that organoiron dendrimers linked with aspirin exhibit an excellent Gram-negative activity comparable to the reference drug Gentamicin. All synthesized dendrimers were tested for their anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), hepatocellular cell lines (Hep-G2), and a non-cancer cell line, Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293), using the MTT cell viability assay and compared against a standard anticancer drug, Doxorubicin. Compounds G3-D9-Asp and G4-D12-Asp exhibited noticeable activity against both cell lines, both of which were more effective than aspirin itself. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and histopathology of swollen paws showed that the designed aspirin-based dendrimers displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity; however, G2-D6-Asp showed the best anti-inflammatory activity, which was more potent than the reference drug aspirin during the same period. Moreover, the coupling of aspirin to the periphery of organoiron dendrimers showed a significant reduction in the toxicity of aspirin on the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Maysun R. Benaaisha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Amani A. Abdelghani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Rabin Bissessur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (M.R.B.); (A.A.A.); (R.B.)
| | | | - Ahmed M. Fayez
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Doaa Abou El-ezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Giza 8655, Egypt;
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17
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Xiao J, Yan M, Zhou K, Chen H, Xu Z, Gan Y, Hong B, Tian G, Qian J, Zhang G, Wu Z. A nanoselenium-coating biomimetic cytomembrane nanoplatform for mitochondrial targeted chemotherapy- and chemodynamic therapy through manganese and doxorubicin codelivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:227. [PMID: 34330298 PMCID: PMC8325191 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane is widely considered as a promising delivery nanocarrier due to its excellent properties. In this study, self-assembled Pseudomonas geniculate cell membranes were prepared with high yield as drug nanocarriers, and named BMMPs. BMMPs showed excellent biosafety, and could be more efficiently internalized by cancer cells than traditional red cell membrane nanocarriers, indicating that BMMPs could deliver more drug into cancer cells. Subsequently, the BMMPs were coated with nanoselenium (Se), and subsequently loaded with Mn2+ ions and doxorubicin (DOX) to fabricate a functional nanoplatform (BMMP-Mn2+/Se/DOX). Notably, in this nanoplatform, Se nanoparticles activated superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) expression and subsequently up-regulated downstream H2O2 levels. Next, the released Mn2+ ions catalyzed H2O2 to highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH), inducing mitochondrial damage. In addition, the BMMP-Mn2+/Se nanoplatform inhibited glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and further accelerated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, the BMMP-Mn2+/Se/DOX nanoplatform exhibited increased effectiveness in inducing cancer cell death through mitochondrial and nuclear targeting dual-mode therapeutic pathways and showed negligible toxicity to normal organs. Therefore, this nanoplatform may represent a promising drug delivery system for achieving a safe, effective, and accurate cancer therapeutic plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yan
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehao Gan
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Hong
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guilong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Simms BL, Ji N, Chandrasiri I, Zia MF, Udemgba CS, Kaur R, Delcamp JH, Flynt A, Tan C, Watkins DL. Physicochemical properties and bio‐interfacial interactions of surface modified
PDLLA‐PAMAM
linear dendritic block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Briana L. Simms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Indika Chandrasiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Mohammad Farid Zia
- Department of Biological Sciences The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Chinwe S. Udemgba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Alex Flynt
- Department of Biological Sciences The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi USA
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19
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Pensado-López A, Fernández-Rey J, Reimunde P, Crecente-Campo J, Sánchez L, Torres Andón F. Zebrafish Models for the Safety and Therapeutic Testing of Nanoparticles with a Focus on Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071784. [PMID: 34361170 PMCID: PMC8308170 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New nanoparticles and biomaterials are increasingly being used in biomedical research for drug delivery, diagnostic applications, or vaccines, and they are also present in numerous commercial products, in the environment and workplaces. Thus, the evaluation of the safety and possible therapeutic application of these nanomaterials has become of foremost importance for the proper progress of nanotechnology. Due to economical and ethical issues, in vitro and in vivo methods are encouraged for the testing of new compounds and/or nanoparticles, however in vivo models are still needed. In this scenario, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has demonstrated potential for toxicological and pharmacological screenings. Zebrafish presents an innate immune system, from early developmental stages, with conserved macrophage phenotypes and functions with respect to humans. This fact, combined with the transparency of zebrafish, the availability of models with fluorescently labelled macrophages, as well as a broad variety of disease models offers great possibilities for the testing of new nanoparticles. Thus, with a particular focus on macrophage-nanoparticle interaction in vivo, here, we review the studies using zebrafish for toxicological and biodistribution testing of nanoparticles, and also the possibilities for their preclinical evaluation in various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune, neuroinflammatory, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pensado-López
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Campus de Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.-L.); (J.F.-R.)
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Juan Fernández-Rey
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Campus de Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.-L.); (J.F.-R.)
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Pedro Reimunde
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Campus de Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.-L.); (J.F.-R.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (F.T.A.)
| | - Fernando Torres Andón
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (F.T.A.)
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20
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Viltres H, López YC, Leyva C, Gupta NK, Naranjo AG, Acevedo–Peña P, Sanchez-Diaz A, Bae J, Kim KS. Polyamidoamine dendrimer-based materials for environmental applications: A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Al-Thani HF, Shurbaji S, Yalcin HC. Zebrafish as a Model for Anticancer Nanomedicine Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:625. [PMID: 34203407 PMCID: PMC8308643 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a new approach to fight against cancer by the development of anticancer nanoparticles (NPs) that are of high sensitivity, specificity, and targeting ability to detect cancer cells, such as the ability of Silica NPs in targeting epithelial cancer cells. However, these anticancer NPs require preclinical testing, and zebrafish is a useful animal model for preclinical studies of anticancer NPs. This model affords a large sample size, optical imaging, and easy genetic manipulation that aid in nanomedicine studies. This review summarizes the numerous advantages of the zebrafish animal model for such investigation, various techniques for inducing cancer in zebrafish, and discusses the methods to assess cancer development in the model and to test for the toxicity of the anticancer drugs and NPs. In addition, it summarizes the recent studies that used zebrafish as a model to test the efficacy of several different anticancer NPs in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hissa F Al-Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Samar Shurbaji
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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22
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Martins I, Tomás H, Lahoz F, Rodrigues J. Engineered Fluorescent Carbon Dots and G4-G6 PAMAM Dendrimer Nanohybrids for Bioimaging and Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Martins
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Fernando Lahoz
- Departamento de Física, IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, China
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23
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Martins I, Tomás H, Lahoz F, Rodrigues J. Engineered Fluorescent Carbon Dots and G4-G6 PAMAM Dendrimer Nanohybrids for Bioimaging and Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2436-2450. [PMID: 34009977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) and G4-G6 (polyamidoamine)PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers were self-assembled to produce CDs@PAMAM nanohybrids for transfection and bioimaging purposes. CDs were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, using ascorbic acid as a starting precursor and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis, and fluorescence (in solution and solid-state) techniques. CDs were electrostatically combined with PAMAM dendrimers at room temperature, and the UV-Vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopies were used to confirm the self-assembly. When compared to pristine CDs, nanohybrids were more photostable, resisting high acidic and basic pH. Moreover, they were considerably internalized by cells, as assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, and, when excited, displayed multi-color emission easily quantified and visualized. These nanoscale hybrids, coined hybridplexes, can condense pDNA and transfecting cells successfully, particularly the G5 CDs@PAMAM nanohybrids. In summary, CDs prepared in mild and smooth lab conditions, showing good optical properties, were used to prepare elegantly CDs@PAMAM nanohybrids with promising biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Martins
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Fernando Lahoz
- Departamento de Física, IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, China
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24
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Martins I, Tomás H, Lahoz F, Rodrigues J. Engineered Fluorescent Carbon Dots and G4-G6 PAMAM Dendrimer Nanohybrids for Bioimaging and Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Martins
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Fernando Lahoz
- Departamento de Física, IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, China
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Development of Polymer-Assisted Nanoparticles and Nanogels for Cancer Therapy: An Update. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020060. [PMID: 34067587 PMCID: PMC8162331 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With cancer remaining as one of the main causes of deaths worldwide, many studies are undergoing the effort to look for a novel and potent anticancer drug. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the rising fields in research for anticancer drug development. One of the key advantages of using NPs for cancer therapy is its high flexibility for modification, hence additional properties can be added to the NPs in order to improve its anticancer action. Polymer has attracted considerable attention to be used as a material to enhance the bioactivity of the NPs. Nanogels, which are NPs cross-linked with hydrophilic polymer network have also exhibited benefits in anticancer application. The characteristics of these nanomaterials include non-toxic, environment-friendly, and variable physiochemical properties. Some other unique properties of polymers are also attributed by diverse methods of polymer synthesis. This then contributes to the unique properties of the nanodrugs. This review article provides an in-depth update on the development of polymer-assisted NPs and nanogels for cancer therapy. Topics such as the synthesis, usage, and properties of the nanomaterials are discussed along with their mechanisms and functions in anticancer application. The advantages and limitations are also discussed in this article.
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Hering I, Eilebrecht E, Parnham MJ, Weiler M, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli AE, Modh H, Heng PWS, Böhmer W, Schäfers C, Fenske M, Wacker MG. Microparticle formulations alter the toxicity of fenofibrate to the zebrafish Danio rerio embryo. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 234:105798. [PMID: 33799113 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients are released into the environment and pose a threat to aquatic organisms. Drug products using micro- and nanoparticle technology can lower these emissions into the environment by their increased bioavailability to the human patients. However, due to this enhanced efficacy, micro- and nanoscale drug delivery systems can potentially display an even higher toxicity, and thus also pose a risk to non-target organisms. Fenofibrate is a lipid-regulating agent and exhibits species-related hazards in fish. The ecotoxic effects of a fenofibrate formulation embedded into a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose microparticle matrix, as well as those of the excipients used in the formulation process, were evaluated. To compare the effects of fenofibrate without a formulation, fenofibrate was dispersed in diluted ISO water alone or dissolved in the solvent DMF and then added to diluted ISO water. The effects of these various treatments were assessed using the fish embryo toxicity test, acridine orange staining and gene expression analysis assessed by quantitative RT polymerase chain reaction. Exposure concentrations were assessed by chemical analysis. The effect threshold concentrations of fenofibrate microparticle precipitates were higher compared to the formulation. Fenofibrate dispersed in 20%-ISO-water displayed the lowest toxicity. For the fenofibrate formulation as well as for fenofibrate added as a DMF solution, greater ecotoxic effects were observed in the zebrafish embryos. The chemical analysis of the solutions revealed that more fenofibrate was present in the samples with the fenofibrate formulation as well as fenofibrate added as a DMF solution compared to fenofibrate dispersed in diluted ISO water. This could explain the higher ecotoxicity. The toxic effects on the zebrafish embryo thus suggested that the formulation as well as the solvent increased the bioavailability of fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Hering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Elke Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marc Weiler
- MyBiotech GmbH, Industriestraße 1B, 66802, Überherrn, Germany
| | | | | | - Harshvardhan Modh
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Wet Science Building (S9), 5 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul W S Heng
- National University of Singapore, GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Walter Böhmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Wet Science Building (S9), 5 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
The development of molecular nanostructures with well-defined particle size and shape is of eminent interest in biomedicine. Among many studied nanostructures, dendrimers represent the group of those most thoroughly characterized ones. Due to their unique structure and properties, dendrimers are very attractive for medical and pharmaceutical applications. Owing to the controllable cavities inside the dendrimer, guest molecules may be encapsulated, and highly reactive terminal groups are susceptible to further modifications, e.g., to facilitate target delivery. To understand the potential of these nanoparticles and to predict and avoid any adverse cellular reactions, it is necessary to know the mechanisms responsible for an efficient dendrimer uptake and the destination of their intracellular journey. In this article, we summarize the results of studies describing the dendrimer uptake, traffic, and efflux mechanisms depending on features of specific nanoparticles and cell types. We also present mechanisms of dendrimers responsible for toxicity and alteration in signal transduction pathways at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ziemba
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ida Franiak-Pietryga
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on remineralized enamel surface induced by poly(amido amine) dendrimers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 197:111409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Torres-Pérez SA, Torres-Pérez CE, Pedraza-Escalona M, Pérez-Tapia SM, Ramón-Gallegos E. Glycosylated Nanoparticles for Cancer-Targeted Drug Delivery. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605037. [PMID: 33330106 PMCID: PMC7735155 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are novel platforms that can carry both cancer-targeting molecules and drugs to avoid severe side effects due to nonspecific drug delivery in standard chemotherapy treatments. Cancer cells are characterized by abnormal membranes, metabolic changes, the presence of lectin receptors, glucose transporters (GLUT) overexpression, and glycosylation of immune receptors of programmed death on cell surfaces. These characteristics have led to the development of several strategies for cancer therapy, including a large number of carbohydrate-modified NPs, which have become desirable for use in cell-selective drug delivery systems because they increase nanoparticle-cell interactions and uptake of carried drugs. Currently, the potential of NP glycosylation to enhance the safety and efficacy of carried therapeutic antitumor agents has been widely acknowledged, and much information is accumulating in this field. This review seeks to highlight recent advances in NP stabilization, toxicity reduction, and pharmacokinetic improvement and the promising potential of NP glycosylation from the perspective of molecular mechanisms described for drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. From preclinical proof-of-concept to demonstration of therapeutic value in the clinic, the challenges and opportunities presented by glycosylated NPs, with a focus on their applicability in the development of nanodrugs, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Andrés Torres-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cindy Estefani Torres-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- CONACYT-UDIBI-ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
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Franiak-Pietryga I, Ziemba B, Sikorska H, Jander M, Appelhans D, Bryszewska M, Borowiec M. Neurotoxicity of poly(propylene imine) glycodendrimers. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1484-1492. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1843472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Franiak-Pietryga
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- GeneaMed LTD, Lodz, Poland
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Ziemba
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- GeneaMed LTD, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Hu H, Wang H, Liang S, Li X, Wang D. Synthesis and characterization of a PAMAM dendrimer nanocarrier functionalized by HA for targeted gene delivery systems and evaluation in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 32:205-228. [PMID: 33035113 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1827921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(amido-amine) (PAMAM), one of the most widely studied dendrimers in the field of drug and gene delivery, can enhance the stability of DNA and deliver it to cell cytosol; hyaluronic acid (HA), a simple disaccharide unit, can polymerize and is considered a polymer of non-immunogenicity, which has an intrinsic targeting property for many cancer cells by interacting with CD 44. In this study, we had synthesized and characterized a series of PAMAM modified by HA. and PAMAM was conjugated by HA with different grafting density (5%, 15%, 25%) and molecular weight (HA3850, HA17200). We had investigated the particle size, zeta potential and Agarose gel electrophoresis assays of polyplexes. Besides, the cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency and the mechanisms of transfection of new polyplexes were assessed following in vitro transfection in Hela, Bel-7402 and HepG2 cells lines. In the results, modified by HA, the cytotoxicity of polymer had reduced and the size of some polymers also below 200 nm in appropriate weight ratio, and transfection efficiency had also close to the polyplexes G4 PAMAM/DNA were observed. Compared with the unmodified dendrimers compounds, the DNA delivering capacity of PAMAM G4-HA3850-5% and PAMAM G5-HA3850-5% had improved in cancer cells line. It is a potential candidate used for targeted gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Hu
- School of life sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of life sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuanghong Liang
- School of life sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of life sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of life sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Halbach K, Ulrich N, Goss KU, Seiwert B, Wagner S, Scholz S, Luckenbach T, Bauer C, Schweiger N, Reemtsma T. Yolk Sac of Zebrafish Embryos as Backpack for Chemicals? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10159-10169. [PMID: 32639148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio) has developed into one of the most important nonsentient animal models for the hazard assessments of chemicals, but the processes governing its toxicokinetics (TK) are poorly understood. This study compares the uptake of seven test compounds into the embryonic body and the yolk sac of the zebrafish embryo using TK experiments, a dialysis approach, thermodynamic calculations, and kinetic modeling. Experimental data show that between 95% (4-iodophenol) and 67% (carbamazepine) of the total internal amount in 26 h post fertilization (hpf) embryos and between 80 and 49% in 74 hpf embryos were found in the yolk. Thus, internal concentrations determined for the whole embryo overestimate the internal concentration in the embryonic body: for the compounds of this study, up to a factor of 5. Partition coefficients for the embryonic body and a one-compartment model with diffusive exchange were calculated for the neutral test compounds and agreed reasonably with the experimental data. For prevalently ionic test compounds at exposure pH (bromoxynil, paroxetine), however, the extent and the speed of uptake were low and could not be modeled adequately. A better understanding of the TK of ionizable test compounds is essential to allow assessment of the validity of this organismic test system for ionic test compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Halbach
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadin Ulrich
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Luckenbach
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Coretta Bauer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Schweiger
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Moody CT, Palvai S, Brudno Y. Click cross-linking improves retention and targeting of refillable alginate depots. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:112-121. [PMID: 32497743 PMCID: PMC7365769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Injectable alginate hydrogels have demonstrated utility in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications due in part to their mild gelation conditions, low host responses and chemical versatility. Recently, the potential of these gels has expanded with the introduction of refillable hydrogel depots - alginate gels chemically decorated with click chemistry groups to efficiently capture prodrug refills from the blood. Unfortunately, high degrees of click group substitution on alginate lead to poor viscoelastic properties and loss of ionic cross-linking. In this work, we introduce tetrabicyclononyne (tBCN) agents that covalently cross-link azide-modified alginate hydrogels for tissue engineering and drug delivery application in vivo. Adjusting cross-linker concentration allowed tuning the hydrogel mechanical properties for tissue-specific mechanical strength. The bioorthogonal and specific click reaction creates stable hydrogels with improved in vivo properties, including improved retention at injected sites. Azide-alginate hydrogels cross-linked with tBCN elicited minimal inflammation and maintained structural integrity over several months and efficiently captured therapeutics drug surrogates from the circulation. Taken together, azide-alginate hydrogels cross-linked with tBCN convey the benefits of alginate hydrogels for use in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications of refillable drug delivery depots. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Ionically cross-linked, injectable alginate biomaterials hold promise in many different clinical settings. However, adding new chemical functionality to alginate can disrupt their ionic cross-linking, limiting their utility. We have developed a "click" cross-linking strategy to improve the mechanical properties and tissue function of modified alginate biomaterials and enable them to capture small molecule drugs from the blood. We show that click cross-linked materials remain in place better than ionically cross-linked materials and efficiently capture payloads from the blood. Development of click cross-linking for refillable depots represents a crucial step toward clinical application of this promising drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Moody
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University - Raleigh, 1840 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sandeep Palvai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University - Raleigh, 1840 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yevgeny Brudno
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University - Raleigh, 1840 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Srinageshwar B, Florendo M, Clark B, Johnson K, Munro N, Peruzzaro S, Antcliff A, Andrews M, Figacz A, Swanson D, Dunbar GL, Sharma A, Rossignol J. A Mixed-Surface Polyamidoamine Dendrimer for In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Large Plasmids. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E619. [PMID: 32635142 PMCID: PMC7407876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is highly hindered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents the entry of many potential drugs/biomolecules into the brain. One of the current strategies to achieve gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases involves direct injection of a viral vector into the brain. There are various disadvantages of viral vectors, including limitations of cargo size and safety concerns. Nanomolecules, such as dendrimers, serve as an excellent alternative to viral delivery. In this study, as proof-of-concept, we used a surface-modified dendrimer complex and delivered large plasmids to cells in vitro and in vivo in healthy rats via intracranial injection. The dendrimers were biodegradable by chemicals found within cells and toxicity assays revealed that the modified dendrimers were much less toxic than unmodified amine-surface dendrimers. As mentioned in our previous publication, these dendrimers with appropriately modified surfaces are safe, can deliver large plasmids to the brain, and can overcome the cargo size limitations associated with viral vectors. The biocompatibility of this dendritic nanomolecule and the ability to finely tune its surface chemistry provides a gene delivery system that could facilitate future in vivo cellular reprograming and other gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhairavi Srinageshwar
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.S.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Maria Florendo
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.S.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
| | - Brittany Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.C.); (K.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Kayla Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.C.); (K.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Nikolas Munro
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Sarah Peruzzaro
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Aaron Antcliff
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.S.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Melissa Andrews
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.S.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Alexander Figacz
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.S.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
| | - Douglas Swanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.C.); (K.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Gary L. Dunbar
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Field Neurosciences Institute, St. Mary’s of Michigan, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA
| | - Ajit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.C.); (K.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Julien Rossignol
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (B.S.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (N.M.); (S.P.); (G.L.D.)
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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Hering I, Eilebrecht E, Parnham MJ, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli AE, Weiler M, Schäfers C, Fenske M, Wacker MG. Evaluation of potential environmental toxicity of polymeric nanomaterials and surfactants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:103353. [PMID: 32086102 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained huge importance in various fields including nanomedicine. Nanoformulations of drugs and nanocarriers are used to increase pharmaceutical potency. However, it was seen that polymeric nanomaterials can cause negative effects. Thus, it is essential to identify nanomaterials with the least adverse effects on aquatic organisms. To determine the toxicity of polymeric nanomaterials, we investigated the effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolid) acid (PLGA), Eudragit® E 100 and hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) on zebrafish embryos using the fish embryo toxicity test (FET). Furthermore, we studied Cremophor® RH40, Cremophor® A25, Pluronic® F127 and Pluronic® F68 applied in the generation of nanoformulations to identify the surfactant with minimal toxic impact. The order of ecotoxicty was HPMCP < PLGA < Eudragit® E100 and Pluronic® F68 < Pluronic® F127 < Cremophor® RH40 < Cremophor® A25. In summary, HPMCP and Pluronic® F68 displayed the least toxic impact, thus suggesting adequate environmental compatibility for the generation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Hering
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 65926, Frankfurt, Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Elke Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 65926, Frankfurt, Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Marc Weiler
- MJR, PharmJet GmbH, 66802, Überherrn, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 65926, Frankfurt, Main, Germany.
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
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Rothenbücher TS, Ledin J, Gibbs D, Engqvist H, Persson C, Hulsart-Billström G. Zebrafish embryo as a replacement model for initial biocompatibility studies of biomaterials and drug delivery systems. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:235-243. [PMID: 31585201 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of new biomaterials and drug delivery systems necessitates animal experimentation to demonstrate biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. Reduction and replacement of the requirement to conduct experiment using full-grown animals has been achieved through utilising zebrafish embryos, a promising bridge model between in vitro and in vivo research. In this review, we consider how zebrafish embryos have been utilised to test both the biocompatibility of materials developed to interact with the human body and drug release studies. Furthermore, we outline the advantages and limitations of this model and review legal and ethical issues. We anticipate increasing application of the zebrafish model for biomaterial evaluation in the near future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review aims to evaluate the potential application and suitability of the zebrafish model in the development of biomaterials and drug delivery systems. It creates scientific impact and interest because replacement models are desirable to the society and the scientific community. The continuous development of biomaterials calls for the need to provide solutions for biological testing. This review covers the topic of how the FET model can be applied to evaluate biocompatibility. Further, it explores the zebrafish from the wild-type to the mutant form, followed by a discussion about the ethical considerations and concerns when using the FET model.
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Uram Ł, Filipowicz-Rachwał A, Misiorek M, Winiarz A, Wałajtys-Rode E, Wołowiec S. Synthesis and Different Effects of Biotinylated PAMAM G3 Dendrimer Substituted with Nimesulide in Human Normal Fibroblasts and Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090437. [PMID: 31480608 PMCID: PMC6770390 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains a main cause of mortality in patients with neck and head cancers, with poor prognosis and increased prevalence despite of available therapies. Recent studies have identified a role of cyclooxygenases, particularly inducible isoform cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cancer cell proliferation, and its inhibition become a target for control of cancer development, particularly in the view of recognized additive or synergic action of COX-2 inhibitors with other forms of therapy. Nimesulide (N), the selective COX-2 inhibitor, inhibits growth and proliferation of various types of cancer cells by COX-2 dependent and independent mechanisms. In the presented study, the conjugates of biotinylated third generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) with covalently linked 18 (G3B18N) and 31 (G3B31N) nimesulide residues were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Biological properties of conjugates were evaluated, including cytotoxicity, proliferation, and caspase 3/7 activities in relation to COX-2/PGE2 axis signaling in human normal fibroblast (BJ) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-15). Both conjugates exerted a selective cytotoxicity against SCC-15 as compared with BJ cells at low 1.25-10 µM concentration range and their action in cancer cells was over 250-fold stronger than nimesulide alone. Conjugates overcome apoptosis resistance and sensitized SCC-15 cells to the apoptotic death independently of COX-2/PGE2 axis. In normal human fibroblasts the same concentrations of G3B31N conjugate were less effective in inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis, as measured by caspase 3/7 activity in a manner depending on increase of PGE2 production by either COX-1/COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Uram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstancow Warszawy, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | | | - Maria Misiorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstancow Warszawy, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Winiarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstancow Warszawy, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wałajtys-Rode
- Department of Drug Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Wołowiec
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Nanomaterials meet zebrafish: Toxicity evaluation and drug delivery applications. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:301-318. [PMID: 31446084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of engineered nanomaterials for various applications, in vivo toxicological studies for evaluating the potential hazardous effects of nanomaterials on environmental and human safety are in urgent need. Zebrafish has long been considered as the "gold standard" for biosafety assessments of chemicals and pollutants due to its high fecundity, cost-effectiveness, well-characterized developmental stages, optical transparency, and so forth. Thus, zebrafish holds great potential for high-throughput nanotoxicity screening. In this review, we summarize the in vivo toxicological profiles of different nanomaterials, including Ag nanoparticles (NPs), CuO NPs, silica NPs, polymeric NPs, quantum dots, nanoscale metal-organic frameworks, etc, in zebrafish and focus on how the physicochemical properties (e.g., size, surface charge, and surface chemistry) of these nanomaterials influence their biosafety. In addition, we also report the recent advances of the in vivo delivery of nanopharmaceuticals using zebrafish as the model organism for therapeutic assessment, biodistribution tracking, and the controlled release of loaded drugs. Limitations and special considerations of zebrafish model are also discussed. Overall, zebrafish is expected to serve as a high-throughput screening platform for nanotoxicity and drug delivery assessment, which may instruct the design of safe nanomaterials and more effective nanomedicines.
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Synergistic Effects of Anionic/Cationic Dendrimers and Levofloxacin on Antibacterial Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162894. [PMID: 31395831 PMCID: PMC6719981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the numerous studies on dendrimers for biomedical applications, the antibacterial activity of anionic phosphorus dendrimers has not been explored. In our research, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of modified polycationic and polyanionic dendrimers in combination with levofloxacin (LVFX) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus hauseri ATCC 15442) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) bacteria. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, we concluded that a combination of dendrimers and antibiotic gave satisfactory results due to a synergistic effect. The use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as LVFX, not only caused resistance in disease-causing microorganisms but also increased environmental pollution. Therefore, reduction of drug dosage is of general interest.
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de Lázaro I, Vranic S, Marson D, Rodrigues AF, Buggio M, Esteban-Arranz A, Mazza M, Posocco P, Kostarelos K. Graphene oxide as a 2D platform for complexation and intracellular delivery of siRNA. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13863-13877. [PMID: 31298676 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and safe nucleic acid delivery vectors remains an unmet need holding back translation of gene therapy approaches to the bedside. Graphene oxide (GO) could help bypass such bottlenecks, thanks to its large surface area, versatile chemistry and biocompatibility, which could overall enhance transfection efficiency while abolishing some of the limitations linked to the use of viral vectors. Here, we aimed to assess the capacity of bare GO, without any further surface modification, to complex a short double-stranded nucleic acid of biological relevance (siRNA) and mediate its intracellular delivery. GO formed stable complexes with siRNA at 10 : 1, 20 : 1 and 50 : 1 GO : siRNA mass ratios. Complexation was further corroborated by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. GO : siRNA complexes were promptly internalized in a primary mouse cell culture, as early as 4 h after exposure. At this time point, intracellular siRNA levels were comparable to those provided by a lipid-based transfection reagent that achieved significant gene silencing. The time-lapse tracking of internalized GO and siRNA evidenced a sharp decrease of intracellular siRNA from 4 to 12 h, while GO was sequestered in large vesicles, which may explain the lack of biological effects (i.e. gene silencing) achieved by GO : siRNA complexes. This study underlines the potential of non-surface modified GO flakes to act as 2D siRNA delivery platforms, without the need for cationic functionalization, but warrants further vector optimization to allow the effective release of the nucleic acid and achieve efficient gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene de Lázaro
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street E, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street E, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Simulation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Artur Filipe Rodrigues
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street E, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Maurizio Buggio
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street E, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Adrián Esteban-Arranz
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street E, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mariarosa Mazza
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street E, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paola Posocco
- Molecular Simulation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Booth Street E, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Vukojicic P, Béhar G, Tawara MH, Fernandez-Villamarin M, Pecorari F, Fernandez-Megia E, Mouratou B. Multivalent Affidendrons with High Affinity and Specificity toward Staphylococcus aureus as Versatile Tools for Modulating Multicellular Behaviors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21391-21398. [PMID: 31120726 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multivalency is a widely occurring natural phenomenon often exploited in nanotechnology to enhance biorecognition. We report the preparation and characterization of versatile, multivalent Affitin-dendrimer conjugates (Affidendrons) showcased by a set targeting Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus), an opportunistic pathogen causing numerous hospital- and community-acquired infections. Affitins are small affinity proteins characterized by higher stability and lower cost-effective production than antibodies. The strategy presented provides a platform for the rational design of multivalent nanodevices that, retaining the ability of Affitins to recognize their target with high specificity, achieve a largely enhanced affinity. Affidendrons with precisely designed size and valency have been exploited to modulate complex multicellular behaviors of S. aureus, such as agglutination and biofilm formation. Agglutination assays showed that Affidendrons rapidly cross-link S. aureus strains with high bacterial cell selectivity. Moreover, remarkably low concentrations of Affidendrons were able to effectively prevent biofilm formation. Overall, Affidendrons represent a promising platform for the rapid and selective pathogen identification, infection imaging, and theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Vukojicic
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Jenaro de la Fuente s/n , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Ghislaine Béhar
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Maun H Tawara
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Jenaro de la Fuente s/n , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Marcos Fernandez-Villamarin
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Jenaro de la Fuente s/n , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Frédéric Pecorari
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Jenaro de la Fuente s/n , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Barbara Mouratou
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
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Mahmoudi A, Jaafari MR, Ramezanian N, Gholami L, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. BR2 and CyLoP1 enhance in-vivo SN38 delivery using pegylated PAMAM dendrimers. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Self-Assembled Benznidazole-Loaded Cationic Nanoparticles Containing Cholesterol/Sialic Acid: Physicochemical Properties, In Vitro Drug Release and In Vitro Anticancer Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092350. [PMID: 31083590 PMCID: PMC6539689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have the ability to overcome biological membranes, leading to improved efficacy of anticancer drugs. The modulation of the particle-cell interaction is desired to control this effect and avoid toxicity to normal cells. In this study, we explored the surface functionalization of cationic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) NPs with two natural compounds, sialic acid (SA) and cholesterol (Chol). The performance of benznidazole (BNZ) was assessed in vitro in the normal renal cell line (HEK-293) and three human cancer cell lines, as follows: human colorectal cancer (HT-29), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), and human hepatocyte carcinoma (HepG2). The structural properties and feasibility of NPs were evaluated and the changes induced by SA and Chol were determined by using multiple analytical approaches. Small (<200 nm) spherical NPs, with a narrow size distribution and high drug-loading efficiency were prepared by using a simple and reproducible emulsification solvent evaporation method. The drug interactions in the different self-assembled NPs were assessed by using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. All formulations exhibited a slow drug-release profile and physical stability for more than 6 weeks. Both SA and Chol changed the kinetic properties of NPs and the anticancer efficacy. The feasibility and potential of SA/Chol-functionalized NPs has been demonstrated in vitro in the HEK-293, HepG2, HeLa, and HT-29 cell lines as a promising system for the delivery of BNZ.
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Herma R, Wrobel D, Liegertová M, Müllerová M, Strašák T, Maly M, Semerádtová A, Štofik M, Appelhans D, Maly J. Carbosilane dendrimers with phosphonium terminal groups are low toxic non-viral transfection vectors for siRNA cell delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:51-65. [PMID: 30877030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery vectors studied in the gene therapy applications are often designed with the cationic nitrogen containing groups necessary for binding and cell release of nucleic acids. Disadvantage is a relatively high toxicity which restricts the in vivo use of such nanoparticles. Here we show, that the 3rd generation carbosilane dendrimers possessing (trimethyl)phosphonium (PMe3) groups on their periphery were able to effectively deliver the functional siRNA into the cells (B14, Cricetulus griseus), release it into the cytosol and finally to achieve up to 40% gene silencing of targeted gene (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)) with the comparable or, in some cases, even better effectivity as their ammonium counterparts. Moreover, such cationic dendrimers show relatively low in vivo toxicity as compared to their ammonium analogues when analyzed by standard fish embryo test (FET) on Danio rerio in vivo model, with LD50 = 6.26 µM after 48 h of incubation. This is more than 10-fold improvement as compared to published values for various other types of cationic dendrimers. We discuss the potential of further increase of the transfection efficiency, endosomal escape and decrease of toxicity of such non-viral vectors, based on the systematic screening of different types of substituents on central phosphonium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Herma
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wrobel
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semerádtová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
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Roeven E, Scheres L, Smulders MMJ, Zuilhof H. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Fully Zwitterionic, Functionalized Dendrimers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3000-3011. [PMID: 30847431 PMCID: PMC6398351 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are interesting candidates for various applications because of the high level of control over their architecture, the presence of internal cavities, and the possibility for multivalent interactions. More specifically, zwitterionic dendrimers modified with an equal number of oppositely charged groups have found use in in vivo biomedical applications. However, the design and control over the synthesis of these dendrimers remains challenging, in particular with respect to achieving full modification of the dendrimer. In this work, we show the design and subsequent synthesis of dendrimers that are highly charged while having zero net charge, that is zwitterionic dendrimers that are potential candidates for biomedical applications. First, we designed and fully optimized the synthesis of charge-neutral carboxybetaine and sulfobetaine zwitterionic dendrimers. Following their synthesis, the various zwitterionic dendrimers were extensively characterized. In this study, we also report for the first time the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as an easy-to-use and quantitative tool for the compositional analysis of this type of macromolecules that can complement techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. Finally, we designed and synthesized zwitterionic dendrimers that contain a variable number of alkyne and azide groups that allow straightforward (bio)functionalization via click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Roeven
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Surfix BV, Bronland
12 B-1, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Scheres
- Surfix BV, Bronland
12 B-1, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. J. Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Jain K. Nanohybrids of Dendrimers and Carbon Nanotubes: A Benefaction or Forfeit in Drug Delivery? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/2210681208666171204163622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Nanomaterials are emerging as a fascinating delivery systems being explored
for the delivery of different bioactives including drug, diagnostic agents and genetic materials
etc. Among these nanomaterials dendrimers and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are being investigated
for various biomedical applications. Although both of these nanomaterials have shown great
potential in drug delivery yet their promising clinical applications are still suspected due to problems
like toxicity, dispersibility etc. Scientists have been investigating the potential of nanohybrids
comprising of dendrimers and nanotubes for biomedical applications. Few reports are also available
on the toxicological profile of CNTs and dendrimers nanohybrids.
Conclusion:
The results of these investigations suggest two possibilities, first, hybrids of CNTs
and dendrimers could suppress each other’s demerits while synergizing the potentials; second, prospective
toxicity of nanohybrids on which different reports have discrimination in results. Future
biomedical applications of CNTs-dendrimers nanohybrids require a thorough investigation on their
toxicity and biological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Jain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, U.P, India
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Araújo RVD, Santos SDS, Igne Ferreira E, Giarolla J. New Advances in General Biomedical Applications of PAMAM Dendrimers. Molecules 2018; 23:E2849. [PMID: 30400134 PMCID: PMC6278347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanoscopic compounds, which are monodispersed, and they are generally considered as homogeneous. PAMAM (polyamidoamine) was introduced in 1985, by Donald A. Tomalia, as a new class of polymers, named 'starburst polymers'. This important contribution of Professor Tomalia opened a new research field involving nanotechnological approaches. From then on, many groups have been using PAMAM for diverse applications in many areas, including biomedical applications. The possibility of either linking drugs and bioactive compounds, or entrapping them into the dendrimer frame can improve many relevant biological properties, such as bioavailability, solubility, and selectivity. Directing groups to reach selective delivery in a specific organ is one of the advanced applications of PAMAM. In this review, structural and safety aspects of PAMAM and its derivatives are discussed, and some relevant applications are briefly presented. Emphasis has been given to gene delivery and targeting drugs, as advanced delivery systems using PAMAM and an incentive for its use on neglected diseases are briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Vinicius de Araújo
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Chemotherapeutics Potentially Active in Neglected Diseases (LAPEN), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, 580⁻Building 13, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Soraya da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Chemotherapeutics Potentially Active in Neglected Diseases (LAPEN), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, 580⁻Building 13, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth Igne Ferreira
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Chemotherapeutics Potentially Active in Neglected Diseases (LAPEN), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, 580⁻Building 13, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Chemotherapeutics Potentially Active in Neglected Diseases (LAPEN), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, 580⁻Building 13, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil.
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Liegertová M, Wrobel D, Herma R, Müllerová M, Šťastná LČ, Cuřínová P, Strašák T, Malý M, Čermák J, Smejkal J, Štofik M, Maly J. Evaluation of toxicological and teratogenic effects of carbosilane glucose glycodendrimers in zebrafish embryos and model rodent cell lines. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:797-818. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1475582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Liegertová
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wrobel
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Herma
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čermák
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Smejkal
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Maly
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
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pH and reduction dual-stimuli-responsive PEGDA/PAMAM injectable network hydrogels via
aza-michael addition for anticancer drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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