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Kang JE, Kim H, Lee YH, Lee HY, Park Y, Jang H, Kim JR, Lee MY, Jeong BH, Byun JY, Kim SJ, Lim EK, Jung J, Woo EJ, Kang T, Park KH. Unveiling Cas12j Trans-Cleavage Activity for CRISPR Diagnostics: Application to miRNA Detection in Lung Cancer Diagnosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402580. [PMID: 39354694 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Cas12j, a hypercompact and efficient Cas protein, has potential for use in CRISPR diagnostics, but has not yet been used because the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12j is veiled. Here, the trans-cleavage behavior of Cas12j1, 2, and 3 variants and evaluate their suitability for nucleic acid detection is unveiled. The target preferences and mismatch specificities of the Cas12j variants are precisely investigated and the optimal Cas12j reaction conditions are determined. As a result, the EXP-J assay for miRNA detection by harnessing the robust trans-cleavage activity of Cas12j on short ssDNA is developed. The EXP-J method demonstrates exceptional detection capabilities for miRNAs, proving that Cas12j can be a pivotal component in molecular diagnostics. Furthermore, the translational potential of the EXP-J assay is validated by detecting oncogenic miRNAs in plasma samples from lung cancer patients. This investigation not only elucidates the trans-cleavage characteristics of Cas12j variants, but also advances the Cas12j-based diagnostic toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Eun Kang
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeong Lee
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyung Park
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Jang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Rin Kim
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ho Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Byun
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, SKKU, Suwon, Gyeongi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, SKKU, Suwon, Gyeongi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jeon Woo
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, SKKU, Suwon, Gyeongi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Elsayed AK, Aldous N, Alajez NM, Abdelalim EM. Identifying miRNA Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction in a FOXA2-Deficient iPSC Model. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1915-1931. [PMID: 38916841 PMCID: PMC11445299 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes involves complex changes in the expression profiles of mRNA and non-coding RNAs within pancreatic islet cells. Recent progress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have allowed the modeling of diabetes-associated genes. Our recent study using FOXA2-deficient human iPSC models has highlighted an essential role for FOXA2 in the development of human pancreas. Here, we aimed to provide further insights on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) by studying the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in iPSC-derived islets lacking the FOXA2 gene. Consistent with our previous findings, the absence of FOXA2 significantly downregulated the expression of islet hormones, INS, and GCG, alongside other key developmental genes in pancreatic islets. Concordantly, RNA-Seq analysis showed significant downregulation of genes related to pancreatic development and upregulation of genes associated with nervous system development and lipid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the absence of FOXA2 in iPSC-derived pancreatic islets resulted in significant alterations in miRNA expression, with 61 miRNAs upregulated and 99 downregulated. The upregulated miRNAs targeted crucial genes involved in diabetes and pancreatic islet cell development. In contrary, the absence of FOXA2 in islets showed a network of downregulated miRNAs targeting genes related to nervous system development and lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the impact of FOXA2 absence on pancreatic islet development and suggesting intricate miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks affecting pancreatic islet cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Elsayed
- Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Stem Cell Core, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Noura Aldous
- Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Prajapat MK, Vidigal JA. CRISPR-based dissection of miRNA binding sites using isogenic cell lines is hampered by pervasive noise. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.03.611048. [PMID: 39282279 PMCID: PMC11398363 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.03.611048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding regulatory sequences play essential roles in adjusting gene output to cellular needs and are thus critical to animal development and health. Numerous such sequences have been identified in mammalian genomes ranging from transcription factors binding motifs to recognition sites for RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs. The advent of CRISPR has raised the possibility of assigning functionality to individual endogenous regulatory sites by facilitating the generation of isogenic cell lines that differ by a defined set of genetic modifications. Here we investigate the usefulness of this approach to assign function to individual miRNA binding sites. We find that the process of generating isogenic pairs of mammalian cell lines with CRISPR-mediated mutations introduces extensive molecular and phenotypic variability between biological replicates making any attempt of assigning function to the binding site essentially impossible. Our work highlights an important consideration when employing CRISPR editing to characterize non-coding regulatory sequences in cell lines and calls for the development and adoption of alternative strategies to address this question in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Prajapat
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joana A Vidigal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Vaxevanis C, Bachmann M, Seliger B. Immune modulatory microRNAs in tumors, their clinical relevance in diagnosis and therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009774. [PMID: 39209767 PMCID: PMC11367391 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of the immune system in regulating tumor growth by inducing immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity associated with patients' outcomes has been highlighted in the past years by an increasing life expectancy in patients with cancer on treatment with different immunotherapeutics. However, tumors often escape immune surveillance, which is accomplished by different mechanisms. Recent studies demonstrated an essential role of small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), in the post-transcriptional control of immune modulatory molecules. Multiple methods have been used to identify miRNAs targeting genes involved in escaping immune recognition including miRNAs targeting CTLA-4, PD-L1, HLA-G, components of the major histocompatibility class I antigen processing machinery (APM) as well as other immune response-relevant genes in tumors. Due to their function, these immune modulatory miRNAs can be used as (1) diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers allowing to discriminate between tumor stages and to predict the patients' outcome as well as response and resistance to (immuno) therapies and as (2) therapeutic targets for the treatment of tumor patients. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in tumor-mediated immune escape, discuss their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tools as well as their use as therapeutics including alternative application methods, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Vaxevanis
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
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Guelfi G, Venanzi N, Capaccia C, Stefanetti V, Brachelente C, Sforna M, Porciello F, Lepri E. Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Does the microRNA-mRNA regulatory network contribute to heart sarcomeric protein remodelling? Int J Exp Pathol 2024. [PMID: 39138588 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an intrinsic myocardial disease characterized by concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. In the present study, we investigated the microRNA-mRNA regulatory network in feline myocardial tissue affected by primary (HCMI) and secondary HCM (HCMII). MRNA expression levels of sarcomeric genes, including, TNNT2, TNNI3, MYH7, MYBPC3, TPM1 and ACTC1 were assessed in the FFPE myocardial tissues. FFPE tissues from healthy cats were sequenced by the NGS, to explore, in the entire non-deposited miRNome, the expression level of microRNAs targeting the complementary sequences of selected sarcomeric mRNAs. The sarcomeric genes TNNT2, MYH7, MYBPC3 and TPM1 showed a statistically significant upregulation in HCMI compared to HCMII (p < .01), except ACTC1 which was downregulated (p < .01); TNNI3 showed no statistically significant difference. In HCMII miR-122-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-484, miR-370-3p, miR-92b-3p, miR-375 and miR-370-3p showed a significant upregulation (p < .01) compared to control. The exception was miR-30a-5p which showed downregulation. Worthy of note is the 4-fold higher expression of miR-370-3p, a key regulator of MYBPC3, in HMCI compared to HMCII. This research does not solve the aetiological mystery of HCM, but it may help to find a way to help diagnose and define the prognosis of HCM in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guelfi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Noemi Venanzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Camilla Capaccia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Porciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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6
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Zhang H, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Si H, Li L, Tang B. DNAzyme-RCA-based colorimetric and lateral flow dipstick assays for the point-of-care testing of exosomal m5C-miRNA-21. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9345-9352. [PMID: 38903234 PMCID: PMC11186332 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is a post-transcriptional modification that affects miRNA activity by altering the specificity of miRNAs to target mRNAs. Abnormal methylation of miRNAs in cancer suggests their potential as a tumor marker. However, the traditional methylated miRNA detection mainly includes mass spectrometry, sequencing and others; complex procedures and reliance on large instruments greatly limit their application in point-of-care testing (POCT). Based on this, we developed DNAzyme-RCA-based gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colorimetric and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays to achieve convenient detection of exosomal 5-methylcytosine miRNA-21 (m5C-miRNA-21) for the first time. The two assays achieved specific recognition and linear amplification of m5C-miRNA-21 through the DNAzyme triggered RCA reaction and color output with low background interference through AuNP aggregation induced by base complementary pairing. The lowest concentration of m5C-miRNA-21 visible to the naked eye of the two assays can reach 1 pM and 0.1 pM, respectively. Detection of exosomal m5C-miRNA-21 in clinical blood samples showed that the expression level of m5C-miRNA-21 in colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. This approach not only demonstrates a new strategy for the detection of colorectal cancer but also provides a reference for the development of novel diagnostic tools for other miRNA methylation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yiguo Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Haibin Si
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
- Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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Prajapat M, Sala L, Vidigal JA. The small non-coding RNA Vaultrc5 is dispensable to mouse development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.01.596958. [PMID: 38895289 PMCID: PMC11185573 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.01.596958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Vault RNAs (vRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase lll. Initially described as components of the vault particle, they have since also been described as noncanonical miRNA precursors and as riboregulators of autophagy. As central molecules in these processes, vRNAs have been attributed numerous biological roles including regulation of cell proliferation and survival, response to viral infections, drug resistance, and animal development. Yet, their impact to mammalian physiology remains largely unexplored. To study vault RNAs in vivo, we generated a mouse line with a conditional Vaultrc5 loss of function allele. Because Vaultrc5 is the sole murine vRNA, this allele enables the characterization of the physiological requirements of this conserved class of small regulatory RNAs in mammals. Using this strain, we show that mice constitutively null for Vaultrc5 are viable and histologically normal but have a slight reduction in platelet counts pointing to a potential role for vRNAs in hematopoiesis. This work paves the way for further in vivo characterizations of this abundant but mysterious RNA molecule. Specifically, it enables the study of the biological consequences of constitutive or lineage-specific Vaultrc5 deletion and of the physiological requirements for an intact Vaultrc5 during normal hematopoiesis or in response to cellular stresses such as oncogene expression, viral infection, or drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Prajapat
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Sala
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joana A. Vidigal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Gao W, Zhou J, Morshedi M. MicroRNA-34 and gastrointestinal cancers: a player with big functions. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38725047 PMCID: PMC11084024 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that gastrointestinal cancer is the most common form of cancer across the globe and is the leading contributor to cancer-related death. The intricate mechanisms underlying the growth of GI cancers have been identified. It is worth mentioning that both non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and certain types of RNA, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), can have considerable impact on the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. As a tumour suppressor, in the group of short non-coding regulatory RNAs is miR-34a. miR-34a silences multiple proto-oncogenes at the post-transcriptional stage by targeting them, which inhibits all physiologically relevant cell proliferation pathways. However, it has been discovered that deregulation of miR-34a plays important roles in the growth of tumors and the development of cancer, including invasion, metastasis, and the tumor-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further understanding of miR-34a's molecular pathways in cancer is also necessary for the development of precise diagnoses and effective treatments. We outlined the most recent research on miR-34a functions in GI cancers in this review. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of exosomal miR-34 in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Mohammadamin Morshedi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Luo X, Xie S, Xu X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Tan D, Tan Y. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection induces microRNA novel-216 production to facilitate viral-replication by targeting MAVS 3´UTR. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110061. [PMID: 38547545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused significant economic losses in the swine industry. In this study, the high-throughput sequencing, microRNAs (miRNAs) mimic, and lentivirus were used to screen for potential miRNAs that can promote PRRSV infection in porcine alveolar macrophages or Marc-145 cells. It was observed that novel-216, a previously unidentified miRNA, was upregulated through the p38 signaling pathway during PRRSV infection, and its overexpression significantly increased PRRSV replication. Further analysis revealed that novel-216 regulated PRRSV replication by directly targeting mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), an upstream molecule of type Ⅰ IFN that mediates the production and response of type Ⅰ IFN. The proviral function of novel-216 on PRRSV replication was abolished by MAVS overexpression, and this effect was reversed by the 3'UTR of MAVS, which served as the target site of novel-216. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PRRSV-induced upregulation of novel-216 served to inhibit the production and response of typeⅠ IFN and facilitate viral replication, providing new insights into viral immune evasion and persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, No.120 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.120 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Sha Xie
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xingsheng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Westemeier-Rice ES, Winters MT, Rawson TW, Martinez I. More than the SRY: The Non-Coding Landscape of the Y Chromosome and Its Importance in Human Disease. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38668379 PMCID: PMC11054740 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, the Y chromosome has presented challenges to classical methodology and philosophy of understanding the differences between males and females. A genetic unsolved puzzle, the Y chromosome was the last chromosome to be fully sequenced. With the advent of the Human Genome Project came a realization that the human genome is more than just genes encoding proteins, and an entire universe of RNA was discovered. This dark matter of biology and the black box surrounding the Y chromosome have collided over the last few years, as increasing numbers of non-coding RNAs have been identified across the length of the Y chromosome, many of which have played significant roles in disease. In this review, we will uncover what is known about the connections between the Y chromosome and the non-coding RNA universe that originates from it, particularly as it relates to long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and circular RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Westemeier-Rice
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Michael T. Winters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.T.W.); (T.W.R.)
| | - Travis W. Rawson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.T.W.); (T.W.R.)
| | - Ivan Martinez
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.T.W.); (T.W.R.)
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11
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Xia Y, Chen K, Yang Q, Chen Z, Jin L, Zhang L, Yu X, Wang L, Xie C, Zhao Y, Shen Y, Tong J. Methylation in cornea and corneal diseases: a systematic review. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:169. [PMID: 38589350 PMCID: PMC11002037 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal diseases are among the primary causes of blindness and vision loss worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of corneal diseases remains elusive, and diagnostic and therapeutic tools are limited. Thus, identifying new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases has gained great interest. Methylation, a type of epigenetic modification, modulates various cellular processes at both nucleic acid and protein levels. Growing evidence shows that methylation is a key regulator in the pathogenesis of corneal diseases, including inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularization, making it an attractive potential therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the major alterations of methylation and demethylation at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels in corneal diseases and how these dynamics contribute to the pathogenesis of corneal diseases. Also, we provide insights into identifying potential biomarkers of methylation that may improve the diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhitong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Le Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Liyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Liyin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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12
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Ijee S, Chambayil K, Chaudhury AD, Bagchi A, Modak K, Das S, Benjamin ESB, Rani S, Paul DZ, Nath A, Roy D, Palani D, Priyanka S, Ravichandran R, Kumary BK, Sivamani Y, S. V, Babu D, Nakamura Y, Thamodaran V, Balasubramanian P, Velayudhan SR. Efficient deletion of microRNAs using CRISPR/Cas9 with dual guide RNAs. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1295507. [PMID: 38628442 PMCID: PMC11020096 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1295507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in gene regulation, exerting post-transcriptional silencing, thereby influencing cellular function, development, and disease. Traditional loss-of-function methods for studying miRNA functions, such as miRNA inhibitors and sponges, present limitations in terms of specificity, transient effects, and off-target effects. Similarly, CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of miRNAs using single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) also has limitations in terms of design space for generating effective gRNAs. In this study, we introduce a novel approach that utilizes CRISPR/Cas9 with dual guide RNAs (dgRNAs) for the rapid and efficient generation of short deletions within miRNA genomic regions. Through the expression of dgRNAs through single-copy lentiviral integration, this approach achieves over a 90% downregulation of targeted miRNAs within a week. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of various parameters influencing efficient deletion formation. In addition, we employed doxycycline (Dox)-inducible expression of Cas9 from the AAVS1 locus, enabling homogeneous, temporal, and stage-specific editing during cellular differentiation. Compared to miRNA inhibitory methods, the dgRNA-based approach offers higher specificity, allowing for the deletion of individual miRNAs with similar seed sequences, without affecting other miRNAs. Due to the increased design space, the dgRNA-based approach provides greater flexibility in gRNA design compared to the sgRNA-based approach. We successfully applied this approach in two human cell lines, demonstrating its applicability for studying the mechanisms of human erythropoiesis and pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) biology and differentiation. Efficient deletion of miR-451 and miR-144 resulted in blockage of erythroid differentiation, and the deletion of miR-23a and miR-27a significantly affected iPSC survival. We have validated the highly efficient deletion of genomic regions by editing protein-coding genes, resulting in a significant impact on protein expression. This protocol has the potential to be extended to delete multiple miRNAs within miRNA clusters, allowing for future investigations into the cooperative effects of the cluster members on cellular functions. The protocol utilizing dgRNAs for miRNA deletion can be employed to generate efficient pooled libraries for high-throughput comprehensive analysis of miRNAs involved in different biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Ijee
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
| | - Karthik Chambayil
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Science and Medical Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Anurag Dutta Chaudhury
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhirup Bagchi
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Kirti Modak
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saswati Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Esther Sathya Bama Benjamin
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Science and Medical Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Sonam Rani
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
| | - Daniel Zechariah Paul
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aneesha Nath
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Debanjan Roy
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dhavapriya Palani
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Sweety Priyanka
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | | | - Betty K. Kumary
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Yazhini Sivamani
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Vijayanand S.
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Vasanth Thamodaran
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Tata Institute of Genetics and Society, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Shaji R. Velayudhan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
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13
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Achudhan D, Lai YL, Lin YY, Huang YL, Tsai CH, Ho TL, Ko CY, Fong YC, Huang CC, Tang CH. CXCL13 promotes TNF-α synthesis in rheumatoid arthritis through activating ERK/p38 pathway and inhibiting miR-330-3p generation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116037. [PMID: 38301965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a well-known autoimmune disorder associated with joint pain, joint swelling, cartilage and bone degradation as well as deformity. The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) plays a crucial role in multiple cellular pathogenesis processes, including RA. TNF-α is a vital proinflammatory factor in the progression of RA. However, the role of CXCL13 in TNF-α production in RA has not been fully explored. Our analysis of both database and clinical samples revealed higher levels of CXCL13 and TNF-α in RA samples compared to healthy controls. CXCL13 concentration-dependently induces TNF-α synthesis in RA synovial fibroblasts. CXCL13 enhances TNF-α expression by interacting with the CXCR5 receptor, activating the ERK/p38 pathways, and inhibiting miR-330-3p generation. Importantly, treatment with CXCL13 shRNA counteracted the upregulation of TNF-α production induced by collagen-induced arthritis. Our findings support the notion that CXCL13 is a promising target in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Achudhan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Trung-Loc Ho
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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14
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Vaswani CM, Simone J, Pavelick JL, Wu X, Tan GW, Ektesabi AM, Gupta S, Tsoporis JN, Dos Santos CC. Tiny Guides, Big Impact: Focus on the Opportunities and Challenges of miR-Based Treatments for ARDS. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2812. [PMID: 38474059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by lung inflammation and increased membrane permeability, which represents the leading cause of mortality in ICUs. Mechanical ventilation strategies are at the forefront of supportive approaches for ARDS. Recently, an increasing understanding of RNA biology, function, and regulation, as well as the success of RNA vaccines, has spurred enthusiasm for the emergence of novel RNA-based therapeutics. The most common types of RNA seen in development are silencing (si)RNAs, antisense oligonucleotide therapy (ASO), and messenger (m)RNAs that collectively account for 80% of the RNA therapeutics pipeline. These three RNA platforms are the most mature, with approved products and demonstrated commercial success. Most recently, miRNAs have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression. Their dysregulation in various clinical conditions offers insights into ARDS pathogenesis and offers the innovative possibility of using microRNAs as targeted therapy. This review synthesizes the current state of the literature to contextualize the therapeutic potential of miRNA modulation. It considers the potential for miR-based therapeutics as a nuanced approach that incorporates the complexity of ARDS pathophysiology and the multifaceted nature of miRNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag M Vaswani
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Julia Simone
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Pavelick
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xiao Wu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Greaton W Tan
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Amin M Ektesabi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sahil Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - James N Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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15
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Russ E, Fatanmi OO, Wise SY, Carpenter AD, Maniar M, Iordanskiy S, Singh VK. Serum microRNA profile of rhesus macaques following ionizing radiation exposure and treatment with a medical countermeasure, Ex-Rad. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4518. [PMID: 38402257 PMCID: PMC10894202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) presents a formidable clinical challenge. Total-body or significant partial-body exposure at a high dose and dose rate leads to acute radiation syndrome (ARS), the complex pathologic effects that arise following IR exposure over a short period of time. Early and accurate diagnosis of ARS is critical for assessing the exposure dose and determining the proper treatment. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) may effectively predict the impact of irradiation and assess cell viability/senescence changes and inflammation. We used a nonhuman primate (NHP) model-rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)-to identify the serum miRNA landscape 96 h prior to and following 7.2 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) at four timepoints: 24, 36, 48, and 96 h. To assess whether the miRNA profile reflects the therapeutic effect of a small molecule ON01210, commonly known as Ex-Rad, that has demonstrated radioprotective efficacy in a rodent model, we administered Ex-Rad at two different schedules of NHPs; either 36 and 48 h post-irradiation or 48 and 60 h post-irradiation. Results of this study corroborated our previous findings obtained using a qPCR array for several miRNAs and their modulation in response to irradiation: some miRNAs demonstrated a temporary increased serum concentration within the first 24-36 h (miR-375, miR-185-5p), whereas others displayed either a prolonged decline (miR-423-5p) or a long-term increase (miR-30a-5p, miR-27b-3p). In agreement with these time-dependent changes, hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed miRNAs showed that the profiles of the top six miRNA that most strongly correlated with radiation exposure were inconsistent between the 24 and 96 h timepoints following exposure, suggesting that different biodosimetry miRNA markers might be required depending on the time that has elapsed. Finally, Ex-Rad treatment restored the level of several miRNAs whose expression was significantly changed after radiation exposure, including miR-16-2, an miRNA previously associated with radiation survival. Taken together, our findings support the use of miRNA expression as an indicator of radiation exposure and the use of Ex-Rad as a potential radioprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Russ
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Stephen Y Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Alana D Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Manoj Maniar
- Onconova Therapeutics, Inc., Newtown, PA, 18940, USA
- Palm Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 46750 Sentinel Drive, Fremont, CA, 94539, USA
| | - Sergey Iordanskiy
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814-2712, USA.
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16
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Zhang Y, Li S, Li R, Qiu X, Fan T, Wang B, Zhang B, Zhang L. Advances in application of CRISPR-Cas13a system. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1291557. [PMID: 38524179 PMCID: PMC10958658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1291557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins serve as an adaptive immune system that safeguards prokaryotes and some of the viruses that infect prokaryotes from foreign nucleic acids (such as viruses and plasmids). The genomes of the majority of archaea and about half of all bacteria contain various CRISPR-Cas systems. CRISPR-Cas systems depend on CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). They act as a navigation system to specifically cut and destroy foreign nucleic acids by recognizing invading foreign nucleic acids and binding Cas proteins. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas system, focusing on the functions and applications of the CRISPR-Cas13a system. We describe the CRISPR-Cas13a system and discuss its RNA-directed ribonuclease function. Meanwhile, we briefly introduce the mechanism of action of the CRISPR-Cas13a system and summarize the applications of the CRISPR-Cas13a system in pathogen detection, eukaryotes, agriculture, biosensors, and human gene therapy. We are right understanding of CRISPR-Cas13a has been broadened, and the CRISPR-Cas13a system will be useful for developing new RNA targeting tools. Therefore, understanding the basic details of the structure, function, and biological characterization of CRISPR-Cas13a effector proteins is critical for optimizing RNA targeting tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shengjun Li
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xu Qiu
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyu Fan
- The Department of Hematology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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17
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Zhang W, Lu J, Feng L, Xue H, Shen S, Lai S, Li P, Li P, Kuang J, Yang Z, Xu X. Sonic hedgehog-heat shock protein 90β axis promotes the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1280. [PMID: 38342927 PMCID: PMC10859387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and heat shock protein 90β (HSP90β) have been implicated in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but their molecular mechanisms of action remain elusive. We find that HSP90β is a key SHH downstream molecule for promoting NASH process. In hepatocytes, SHH reduces HSP90β ubiquitylation through deubiquitylase USP31, thus preventing HSP90β degradation and promoting hepatic lipid synthesis. HSP90β significantly increases in NASH mouse model, leading to secretion of exosomes enriched with miR-28-5p. miR-28-5p directly targetes and decreases Rap1b levels, which in turn promotes NF-κB transcriptional activity in macrophages and stimulates the expression of inflammatory factors. Genetic deletion, pharmacological inhibition of the SHH-HSP90β axis, or delivery of miR-28-5p to macrophages in the male mice liver, impairs NASH symptomatic development. Importantly, there is a markedly higher abundance of miR-28-5p in NASH patient sera. Taken together, the SHH-HSP90β-miR-28-5p axis offers promising therapeutic targets against NASH, and serum miR-28-5p may serve as a NASH diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine Target and New Drug Research, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- First Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You'An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lianshun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuiqing Lai
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - PingPing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine Target and New Drug Research, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Chowdhury S, Sais D, Donnelly S, Tran N. The knowns and unknowns of helminth-host miRNA cross-kingdom communication. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:176-191. [PMID: 38151361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that oversee gene modulation. They are integral to cellular functions and can migrate between species, leading to cross-kingdom gene suppression. Recent breakthroughs in helminth genome studies have sparked curiosity about helminth RNA regulators and their ability to regulate genes across species. Growing data indicate that helminth miRNAs have a significant impact on the host's immune system. Specific miRNAs from helminth parasites can merge with the host's miRNA system, implying that parasites could exploit their host's regulatory machinery and function. This review highlights the role of cross-kingdom helminth-derived miRNAs in the interplay between host and parasite, exploring potential routes for their uptake, processing, and consequences in host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Chowdhury
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Dayna Sais
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Nham Tran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Seyhan AA. Trials and Tribulations of MicroRNA Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1469. [PMID: 38338746 PMCID: PMC10855871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and a myriad of human diseases, particularly various cancer types, has generated significant interest in exploring their potential as a novel class of drugs. This has led to substantial investments in interdisciplinary research fields such as biology, chemistry, and medical science for the development of miRNA-based therapies. Furthermore, the recent global success of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines against the COVID-19 pandemic has further revitalized interest in RNA-based immunotherapies, including miRNA-based approaches to cancer treatment. Consequently, RNA therapeutics have emerged as highly adaptable and modular options for cancer therapy. Moreover, advancements in RNA chemistry and delivery methods have been pivotal in shaping the landscape of RNA-based immunotherapy, including miRNA-based approaches. Consequently, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry has witnessed a resurgence of interest in incorporating RNA-based immunotherapies and miRNA therapeutics into their development programs. Despite substantial progress in preclinical research, the field of miRNA-based therapeutics remains in its early stages, with only a few progressing to clinical development, none reaching phase III clinical trials or being approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and several facing termination due to toxicity issues. These setbacks highlight existing challenges that must be addressed for the broad clinical application of miRNA-based therapeutics. Key challenges include establishing miRNA sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity towards their intended targets, mitigating immunogenic reactions and off-target effects, developing enhanced methods for targeted delivery, and determining optimal dosing for therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Additionally, the limited understanding of the precise functions of miRNAs limits their clinical utilization. Moreover, for miRNAs to be viable for cancer treatment, they must be technically and economically feasible for the widespread adoption of RNA therapies. As a result, a thorough risk evaluation of miRNA therapeutics is crucial to minimize off-target effects, prevent overdosing, and address various other issues. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for various diseases is evident, and future investigations are essential to determine their applicability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila A. Seyhan
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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20
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Sartorius K, Sartorius B, Winkler C, Chuturgoon A, Shen TW, Zhao Y, An P. Serum microRNA Profiles and Pathways in Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A South African Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:975. [PMID: 38256049 PMCID: PMC10815595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase sharply by 2040 against a backdrop of limited diagnostic and therapeutic options. Two large South African-based case control studies have developed a serum-based miRNome for Hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC), as well as identifying their gene targets and pathways. Using a combination of RNA sequencing, differential analysis and filters including a unique molecular index count (UMI) ≥ 10 and log fold change (LFC) range > 2: <-0.5 (p < 0.05), 91 dysregulated miRNAs were characterized including 30 that were upregulated and 61 were downregulated. KEGG analysis, a literature review and other bioinformatic tools identified the targeted genes and HBV-HCC pathways of the top 10 most dysregulated miRNAs. The results, which are based on differentiating miRNA expression of cases versus controls, also develop a serum-based miRNA diagnostic panel that indicates 95.9% sensitivity, 91.0% specificity and a Youden Index of 0.869. In conclusion, the results develop a comprehensive African HBV-HCC miRNome that potentially can contribute to RNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
- Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium (AHPBCC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Benn Sartorius
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Cheryl Winkler
- Centre for Cancer Research, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Natifol Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
| | - Tsai-Wei Shen
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Ping An
- Centre for Cancer Research, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Natifol Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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21
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Dong J, Liu M, Bian Y, Zhang W, Yuan C, Wang D, Zhou Z, Li Y, Shi Y. MicroRNA-204-5p Ameliorates Renal Injury via Regulating Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:75-92. [PMID: 38196512 PMCID: PMC10775805 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s441082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by renal fibrosis, and the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis is still not definitely confirmed. MiR-204-5p plays an important role in the regulation of fibrosis, autophagy and oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-204-5p on renal damage in diabetic kidneys and the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods In vivo, AAV-Ksp-miR-204-5p mimics were injected into mice via tail vein. In vitro, high glucose-induced HK-2 cells were treated with miR-204-5p inhibitor, miR-204-5p mimics, ATG5 siRNA, tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), ML385, or 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). FISH and qRT-PCR were used to detect miR-204-5p expression. The expressions of protein and mRNA were detected by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. The concentration of fibronectin in HK-2 cells culture medium was detected by ELISA. Results The expression of miR-204-5p in diabetic kidneys was significantly inhibited than that in control group. Delivering miR-204-5p mimics increased miR-204-5p expression, improved renal function, inhibited renal fibrosis and oxidative stress, and restored autophagy in db/db mice. In vitro, the expression of miR-204-5p was inhibited by HG treatment in HK-2 cells. MiR-204-5p mimics effectively increased miR-204-5p expression and reduced fibronectin and collagen I expression, restored autophagy dysfunction, and increased Nrf2 expression, whereas these alterations were abrogated by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA, 5 mM) treatment or ATG5 siRNA transfection in HG-induced HK-2 cells. In addition, miR-204-5p inhibitor significantly inhibited miR-204-5p expression and aggravated HG-induced fibronectin and collagen I expression, autophagy dysfunction, and decreased Nrf2 expression, while these alterations were abolished by Nrf2 activator TBHQ. Furthermore, the binding of miR-204-5p with Keap1 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and miR-204-5p negatively regulated Keap1 expression, resulting in the activation of Nrf2 pathway. Conclusion MicroRNA-204-5p protects against the progression of diabetic renal fibrosis by restoring autophagy via regulating Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dong
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawei Bian
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Fanale D, Corsini LR, Bono M, Randazzo U, Barraco N, Brando C, Cancelliere D, Contino S, Giurintano A, Magrin L, Pedone E, Perez A, Piraino P, Pivetti A, Giovanni ED, Russo TDB, Prestifilippo O, Gennusa V, Pantuso G, Russo A, Bazan V. Clinical relevance of exosome-derived microRNAs in Ovarian Cancer: Looking for new tumor biological fingerprints. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104220. [PMID: 38036154 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, are considered as potential key players in cross-talk between immune system and tumor microenvironment in several solid tumors. Different studies highlighted the clinical relevance of exosomes in ovarian cancer (OC) for their role in early diagnosis, prognosis, chemoresistance, targeted therapy. The exosomes are nanosize vesicles carrying lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In particular, exosomes shuttle a wide spectrum of microRNAs (miRNAs) able to induce phenotypic reprogramming of target cells, contributing to tumor progression. In this review, we will discuss the promising role of miRNAs shuttled by exosomes, called exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNAs), as potential biomarkers for early detection, tumour progression and metastasis, prognosis, and response to therapy in OC women, in order to search for new potential biological fingerprints able to better characterize the evolution of this malignancy and provide a clinically relevant non-invasive approach useful for adopting, in future, personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lidia Rita Corsini
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Bono
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ugo Randazzo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cancelliere
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Contino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ambra Giurintano
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Magrin
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Erika Pedone
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Piraino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Pivetti
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilia Di Giovanni
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tancredi Didier Bazan Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ornella Prestifilippo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gennusa
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianni Pantuso
- Division of General and Oncological Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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23
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Kakavandi E, Yavarian J, Farzanehpour M, Shayestehpour M. A Review of the Interaction between miRNAs and Ebola Virus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2024; 13:210-219. [PMID: 39184819 PMCID: PMC11344561 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.13.2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a life-threatening and virulent pathogen that kills approximately 90 percent of infected individuals. Nowadays, microRNAs (miRNAs) have become a promising option for more efficient screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy of numerous diseases such as cancer, stroke, Alzheimer's, and viral infections. Recent studies have revealed the role of EBOV and host-encoded miRNAs in Ebola virus disease (EVD), opening an avenue for developing novel drugs against EVD and diagnostic panels for EBOV infection. EBOV-encoded miRNAs such as miR-VP-3p and miR-1-5p and anti-EBOV host cell miRNAs such as has-miR-150-3p, has-miR-103b and has-miR-145-3p might be a possible diagnostic biomarker or druggable targets. This paper highlights the importance of viral and cellular miRNAs in EBOV infection and EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Kakavandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Farzanehpour
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Shayestehpour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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24
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Wang J, Tian F, Cao L, Du R, Tong J, Ding X, Yuan Y, Wang C. Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22914. [PMID: 38125535 PMCID: PMC10731087 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) have always posed significant medical challenges. After mechanical injury, disturbances in microcirculation, edema formation, and the generation of free radicals lead to additional damage, impeding effective repair processes and potentially exacerbating further dysfunction. In this context, inflammatory responses, especially the activation of macrophages, play a pivotal role. Different phenotypes of macrophages have distinct effects on inflammation. Activation of classical macrophage cells (M1) promotes inflammation, while activation of alternative macrophage cells (M2) inhibits inflammation. The polarization of macrophages is crucial for disease healing. A non-coding RNA, known as microRNA (miRNA), governs the polarization of macrophages, thereby reducing inflammation following SCI and facilitating functional recovery. This study elucidates the inflammatory response to SCI, focusing on the infiltration of immune cells, specifically macrophages. It examines their phenotype and provides an explanation of their polarization mechanisms. Finally, this paper introduces several well-known miRNAs that contribute to macrophage polarization following SCI, including miR-155, miR-130a, and miR-27 for M1 polarization, as well as miR-22, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-124, miR-223, miR-93, miR-132, and miR-34a for M2 polarization. The emphasis is placed on their potential therapeutic role in SCI by modulating macrophage polarization, as well as the present developments and obstacles of miRNA clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Tian
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
| | - Lili Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruochen Du
- Experimental Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiahui Tong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueting Ding
- Experimental Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
| | - Yitong Yuan
- Experimental Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, China
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25
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Al-kahtani R, Mahmood N, Aamir S, Anjum Z. Visualizing breast cancer research trends in KSA: A bibliometric analysis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1472-1479. [PMID: 37409243 PMCID: PMC10318506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bibliometric analysis has emerged as a valuable method for identifying emerging areas in a given research field. Breast carcinoma has maintained a stable rank as the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. This study performed bibliometric profiling to shed light on breast cancer research conducted in KSA over the past two decades and to present the research output in the field of microRNAs (miRNA) in breast cancer in KSA. Methods The Web of Science (WoS) and PubMed databases were selected for data retrieval, because of their high coverage, inclusion of high impact journals and easy access to high quality publications. Data retrieval was performed on January 31, 2022. Data were analyzed with Incites from WoS, PubMed and VOSviewer software version 16.1.8. Results The most dynamic institutions, authors and active funding bodies were identified, and output on research in the field of miRNA was assessed. Bibliometric parameters including the number of publications and citation index were analyzed. A total of 3831 publications in the field were identified. A steep increase was observed in breast cancer research. The maximum number of publications was observed in 2021. King Saud University and King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre funded most of the projects and contributed the most publications. Visible progress was seen in research exploring the diagnostic and prognostic roles of mRNAs and their therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Conclusion Breast cancer research has attracted substantial attention, as reflected by a notable increase in scientific publications over the past two decades in KSA. The bibliometric parameters revealed crucial information regarding research contributions from various institutions and authors. In the field of miRNAs, notable research investment was observed, but a significant lacuna exists. This study provides a reference that may aid oncologists, researchers and policymakers in planning future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Al-kahtani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine at King Saud bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, KSA
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, KSA
| | - Nosheen Mahmood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine at King Saud bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, KSA
| | - Saima Aamir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine at King Saud bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, KSA
| | - Zahida Anjum
- College of Medicine at King Saud bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, KSA
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26
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Fullerton JL, Cosgrove CC, Rooney RA, Work LM. Extracellular vesicles and their microRNA cargo in ischaemic stroke. J Physiol 2023; 601:4907-4921. [PMID: 35421904 PMCID: PMC10952288 DOI: 10.1113/jp282050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of death and disability. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs which hold the potential to act as a novel biomarker in AIS. The majority of circulating miRNAs are actively encapsulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and organs endogenously. EVs released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential. In health and disease, EVs are vital for intercellular communication, as the cargo within EVs can be exchanged between neighbouring cells or transported to distant sites. It is clear here from both current preclinical and clinical studies that AIS is associated with specific EV-derived miRNAs, including those transported via MSC-derived EVs. In addition, current studies provide evidence to show that modulating levels of specific EV-derived miRNAs in AIS provides a novel therapeutic potential of miRNAs in the treatment of stroke. Commonalities exist in altered miRNAs across preclinical and clinical studies. Of those EV-packaged miRNAs, miRNA-124 was described both as an EV-packaged biomarker and as a potential EV-loaded therapeutic in experimental models. Alterations of miRNA-17 family and miRNA-17-92 cluster were identified in preclinical, clinical and MSC-EV-mediated neuroprotection in experimental stroke. Finally, miRNA-30d and -30a were found to mediate therapeutic effect when overexpressed from MSC and implicated as a biomarker clinically. Combined, EV-derived miRNAs will further our understanding of the neuropathological processes triggered by AIS. In addition, this work will help determine the true clinical value of circulating EV-packaged miRNAs as biomarkers of AIS or as novel therapeutics in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L. Fullerton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Caitlin C. Cosgrove
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Rebecca A. Rooney
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Lorraine M. Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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27
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Huang J, Lai Y, Li J, Zhao L. Loss of miR-204 and miR-211 shifts osteochondral balance and causes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2668-2678. [PMID: 37697972 PMCID: PMC10841301 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of TMJ disorders causing pain and dysfunction in the jaw and surrounding tissues. The causes for TMJ OA are unknown and the underlying mechanism remains to be identified. In this study, we generated genetically-modified mice deficient of two homologous microRNAs, miR-204 and miR-211, both of which were confirmed by in situ hybridization to be expressed in multiple TMJ tissues, including condylar cartilage, articular eminence, and TMJ disc. Importantly, the loss-of-function of miR-204 and miR-211 caused an age-dependent progressive OA-like phenotype, including cartilage degradation and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling. Mechanistically, the TMJ joint deficient of the two microRNAs demonstrated a significant accumulation of RUNX2, a protein directly targeted by miR-204/-211, and upregulations of β-catenin, suggesting a disrupted balance between osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in the TMJ, which may underlie TMJ OA. Moreover, the TMJ with miR-204/-211 loss-of-function displayed an aberrant alteration in both collagen component and cartilage-degrading enzymes and exhibited exacerbated orofacial allodynia, corroborating the degenerative and painful nature of TMJ OA. Together, our results establish a key role of miR-204/-211 in maintaining the osteochondral homeostasis of the TMJ and counteracting OA pathogenesis through repressing the pro-osteogenic factors including RUNX2 and β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yumei Lai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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28
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Dhuri K, Duran T, Chaudhuri B, Slack FJ, Vikram A, Glazer PM, Bahal R. Head-to-head comparison of in vitro and in vivo efficacy of pHLIP-conjugated anti-seed gamma peptide nucleic acids. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2023; 4:101584. [PMID: 38144419 PMCID: PMC10745205 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Gamma peptide nucleic acids (γPNAs) have recently garnered attention in diverse therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Serine and diethylene-glycol-containing γPNAs have been tested for numerous RNA-targeting purposes. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP)-conjugated serine and diethylene-based γPNAs. pHLIP targets only the acidic tumor microenvironment and not the normal cells. We synthesized and parallelly tested pHLIP-serine γPNAs and pHLIP-diethylene glycol γPNAs that target the seed region of microRNA-155, a microRNA that is upregulated in various cancers. We performed an all-atom molecular dynamics simulation-based computational study to elucidate the interaction of pHLIP-γPNA constructs with the lipid bilayer. We also determined the biodistribution and efficacy of the pHLIP constructs in the U2932-derived xenograft model. Overall, we established that the pHLIP-serine γPNAs show superior results in vivo compared with the pHLIP-diethylene glycol-based γPNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Dhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tibo Duran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Frank J. Slack
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, BIDMC Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Lead contact
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29
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Naeli P, Zhang X, Snell PH, Chatterjee S, Kamran M, Ladak RJ, Orr N, Duchaine T, Sonenberg N, Jafarnejad SM. The SARS-CoV-2 protein NSP2 enhances microRNA-mediated translational repression. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261286. [PMID: 37732428 PMCID: PMC10617620 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses use microRNAs (miRNAs) to impair the host antiviral response and facilitate viral infection by expressing their own miRNAs or co-opting cellular miRNAs. miRNAs inhibit translation initiation of their target mRNAs by recruiting the GIGYF2-4EHP (or EIF4E2) translation repressor complex to the mRNA 5'-cap structure. We recently reported that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-encoded non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) interacts with GIGYF2. This interaction is critical for blocking translation of the Ifnb1 mRNA that encodes the cytokine interferon β, and thereby impairs the host antiviral response. However, it is not known whether NSP2 also affects miRNA-mediated silencing. Here, we demonstrate the pervasive augmentation of miRNA-mediated translational repression of cellular mRNAs by NSP2. We show that NSP2 interacts with argonaute 2 (AGO2), the core component of the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), via GIGYF2 and enhances the translational repression mediated by natural miRNA-binding sites in the 3' untranslated region of cellular mRNAs. Our data reveal an additional layer of the complex mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 and likely other coronaviruses manipulate the host gene expression program by co-opting the host miRNA-mediated silencing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Naeli
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Patric Harris Snell
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Susanta Chatterjee
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Reese Jalal Ladak
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nick Orr
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Thomas Duchaine
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
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30
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Muñoz JP, Pérez-Moreno P, Pérez Y, Calaf GM. The Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer and the Challenges of Their Clinical Application. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3072. [PMID: 37835815 PMCID: PMC10572677 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a subclass of non-coding RNAs that exert substantial influence on gene-expression regulation. Their tightly controlled expression plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, while their dysregulation has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer. Among cancers affecting women, breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor. Extensive investigations have demonstrated distinct expression patterns of miRNAs in normal and malignant breast cells. Consequently, these findings have prompted research efforts towards leveraging miRNAs as diagnostic tools and the development of therapeutic strategies. The aim of this review is to describe the role of miRNAs in BC. We discuss the identification of oncogenic, tumor suppressor and metastatic miRNAs among BC cells, and their impact on tumor progression. We describe the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BC, as well as their role as promising therapeutic targets. Finally, we evaluate the current use of artificial intelligence tools for miRNA analysis and the challenges faced by these new biomedical approaches in its clinical application. The insights presented in this review underscore the promising prospects of utilizing miRNAs as innovative diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for the management of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000007, Chile
| | - Pablo Pérez-Moreno
- Programa de Comunicación Celular en Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Yasmín Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000007, Chile
| | - Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
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31
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Sokol DK, Lahiri DK. APPlications of amyloid-β precursor protein metabolites in macrocephaly and autism spectrum disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1201744. [PMID: 37799731 PMCID: PMC10548831 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1201744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites of the Amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) proteolysis may underlie brain overgrowth in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We have found elevated APP metabolites (total APP, secreted (s) APPα, and α-secretase adamalysins in the plasma and brain tissue of children with ASD). In this review, we highlight several lines of evidence supporting APP metabolites' potential contribution to macrocephaly in ASD. First, APP appears early in corticogenesis, placing APP in a prime position to accelerate growth in neurons and glia. APP metabolites are upregulated in neuroinflammation, another potential contributor to excessive brain growth in ASD. APP metabolites appear to directly affect translational signaling pathways, which have been linked to single gene forms of syndromic ASD (Fragile X Syndrome, PTEN, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex). Finally, APP metabolites, and microRNA, which regulates APP expression, may contribute to ASD brain overgrowth, particularly increased white matter, through ERK receptor activation on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Rho GTPase pathway, favoring myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K. Sokol
- Department of Neurology, Section of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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32
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Gao J, Song J, Yan Y, Gokulnath P, Vulugundam G, Li G, Zhan Q, Jiang F, Lin Y, Xiao J. Exercise Training-Induced MicroRNA Alterations with Protective Effects in Cardiovascular Diseases. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:251. [PMID: 39076378 PMCID: PMC11270073 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2409251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ET) is an important non-drug adjuvant therapy against many human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The appropriate ET intensity induces beneficial adaptions and improves physiological function and cardiopulmonary fitness. The mechanisms of exercise-induced cardioprotective effects are still not fully understood. However, mounting evidence suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial role in this process and are essential in responding to exercise-stress and mediating exercise-protective effects. Thus, this review summarizes the biogenesis of miRNAs, the mechanism of miRNA action, and specifically the miRNAs involved in exercise-induced cardio-protection used as therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital
of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of
Medicine, Shanghai University, 226011 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences,
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science,
Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Song
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital
of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of
Medicine, Shanghai University, 226011 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences,
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science,
Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Yan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital
of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of
Medicine, Shanghai University, 226011 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences,
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science,
Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Qingyi Zhan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital
of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of
Medicine, Shanghai University, 226011 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences,
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science,
Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Union
Hospital, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical
University Union Hospital, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Union
Hospital, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical
University Union Hospital, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital
of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of
Medicine, Shanghai University, 226011 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences,
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science,
Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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33
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Dergunova LV, Vinogradina MA, Filippenkov IB, Limborska SA, Dergunov AD. Circular RNAs Variously Participate in Coronary Atherogenesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6682-6700. [PMID: 37623241 PMCID: PMC10453518 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a significant role in coronary artery atherogenesis and other cardiovascular diseases. They belong to the class of non-coding RNAs and arise as a result of non-canonical splicing of premature RNA, which results in the formation of closed single-stranded circRNA molecules that lack 5'-end caps and 3'-end poly(A) tails. circRNAs have broad post-transcriptional regulatory activity. Acting as a sponge for miRNAs, circRNAs compete with mRNAs for binding to miRNAs, acting as competing endogenous RNAs. Numerous circRNAs are involved in the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes associated with the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy, chronic heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Recent studies have shown that сirc_0001445, circ_0000345, circ_0093887, сircSmoc1-2, and circ_0003423 are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) with an atheroprotective effect, while circ_0002984, circ_0029589, circ_0124644, circ_0091822, and circ_0050486 possess a proatherogenic effect. With their high resistance to endonucleases, circRNAs are promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide updated information on the involvement of atherogenesis-related circRNAs in the pathogenesis of CAD. We also discuss the main modern approaches to detecting and studying circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions, as well as the prospects for using circRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila V. Dergunova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (M.A.V.); (I.B.F.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Margarita A. Vinogradina
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (M.A.V.); (I.B.F.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Ivan B. Filippenkov
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (M.A.V.); (I.B.F.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (M.A.V.); (I.B.F.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Alexander D. Dergunov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky Street 10, Moscow 101990, Russia;
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34
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Gasparello J, Papi C, Zurlo M, Volpi S, Gambari R, Corradini R, Casnati A, Sansone F, Finotti A. Cationic Calix[4]arene Vectors to Efficiently Deliver AntimiRNA Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) and miRNA Mimics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2121. [PMID: 37631335 PMCID: PMC10460053 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most appealing approaches for regulating gene expression, named the "microRNA therapeutic" method, is based on the regulation of the activity of microRNAs (miRNAs), the intracellular levels of which are dysregulated in many diseases, including cancer. This can be achieved by miRNA inhibition with antimiRNA molecules in the case of overexpressed microRNAs, or by using miRNA-mimics to restore downregulated microRNAs that are associated with the target disease. The development of new efficient, low-toxic, and targeted vectors of such molecules represents a key topic in the field of the pharmacological modulation of microRNAs. We compared the delivery efficiency of a small library of cationic calix[4]arene vectors complexed with fluorescent antimiRNA molecules (Peptide Nucleic Acids, PNAs), pre-miRNA (microRNA precursors), and mature microRNAs, in glioma- and colon-cancer cellular models. The transfection was assayed by cytofluorimetry, cell imaging assays, and RT-qPCR. The calix[4]arene-based vectors were shown to be powerful tools to facilitate the uptake of both neutral (PNAs) and negatively charged (pre-miRNAs and mature microRNAs) molecules showing low toxicity in transfected cells and ability to compete with commercially available vectors in terms of delivery efficiency. These results could be of great interest to validate microRNA therapeutics approaches for future application in personalized treatment and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gasparello
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Chiara Papi
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Matteo Zurlo
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.V.); (R.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberto Corradini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.V.); (R.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.V.); (R.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.V.); (R.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.); (R.G.)
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35
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Hong J, Son T, Castro CM, Im H. CRISPR/Cas13a-Based MicroRNA Detection in Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301766. [PMID: 37340600 PMCID: PMC10460892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in cancer initiation and progression. Quantitative measurements of EV miRNAs are critical for cancer diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring. Traditional PCR-based methods, however, require multi-step procedures and remain as bulk analysis. Here, the authors introduce an amplification-free and extraction-free EV miRNA detection method using a CRISPR/Cas13a sensing system. CRISPR/Cas13a sensing components are encapsulated in liposomes and delivered them into EVs through liposome-EV fusion. This allows for accurately quantify specific miRNA-positive EV counts using 1 × 108 EVs. The authors show that miR-21-5p-positive EV counts are in the range of 2%-10% in ovarian cancer EVs, which is significantly higher than the positive EV counts from the benign cells (<0.65%). The result show an excellent correlation between bulk analysis with the gold-standard method, RT-qPCR. The authors also demonstrate multiplexed protein-miRNA analysis in tumor-derived EVs by capturing EpCAM-positive EVs and quantifying miR-21-5p-positive ones in the subpopulation, which show significantly higher counts in the plasma of cancer patients than healthy controls. The developed EV miRNA sensing system provides the specific miRNA detection method in intact EVs without RNA extraction and opens up the possibility of multiplexed single EV analysis for protein and RNA markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae‐Sang Hong
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Taehwang Son
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
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36
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Otsuka K, Nishiyama H, Kuriki D, Kawada N, Ochiya T. Connecting the dots in the associations between diet, obesity, cancer, and microRNAs. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:52-69. [PMID: 37156343 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic levels worldwide, leading to a lower quality of life and higher health costs. Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, although obesity is one of the major preventable causes of cancer. Lifestyle factors, such as dietary quality and patterns, are also closely related to the onset and development of obesity and cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the complex association between diet, obesity, and cancer remain unclear. In the past few decades, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been demonstrated to play critical roles in biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism, highlighting their importance in disease development and suppression and as therapeutic targets. miRNA expression levels can be modulated by diet and are involved in cancer and obesity-related diseases. Circulating miRNAs can also mediate cell-to-cell communications. These multiple aspects of miRNAs present challenges in understanding and integrating their mechanism of action. Here, we introduce a general consideration of the associations between diet, obesity, and cancer and review the current knowledge of the molecular functions of miRNA in each context. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between diet, obesity, and cancer could be valuable for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurataka Otsuka
- Tokyo NODAI Research Institure, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishiyama
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuriki
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawada
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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37
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Chen SY, Kannan M. Neural crest cells and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Mechanisms and potential targets for prevention. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106855. [PMID: 37460002 PMCID: PMC10528842 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of preventable and nongenetic birth defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure that can result in a range of cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and functioning deficits, as well as craniofacial dysmorphology and other congenital defects. During embryonic development, neural crest cells (NCCs) play a critical role in giving rise to many cell types in the developing embryos, including those in the peripheral nervous system and craniofacial structures. Ethanol exposure during this critical period can have detrimental effects on NCC induction, migration, differentiation, and survival, leading to a broad range of structural and functional abnormalities observed in individuals with FASD. This review article provides an overview of the current knowledge on the detrimental effects of ethanol on NCC induction, migration, differentiation, and survival. The article also examines the molecular mechanisms involved in ethanol-induced NCC dysfunction, such as oxidative stress, altered gene expression, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications, and other signaling pathways. Furthermore, the review highlights potential therapeutic strategies for preventing or mitigating the detrimental effects of ethanol on NCCs and reducing the risk of FASD. Overall, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the impact of ethanol on NCCs and its role in FASD, shedding light on potential avenues for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Maharajan Kannan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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38
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Paluschinski M, Kordes C, Vucur M, Buettner V, Roderburg C, Xu HC, Shinte PV, Lang PA, Luedde T, Castoldi M. Differential Modulation of miR-122 Transcription by TGFβ1/BMP6: Implications for Nonresolving Inflammation and Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:1955. [PMID: 37566034 PMCID: PMC10416984 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is widely recognized as a significant factor that promotes and worsens the development of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed to explore the potential role of microRNAs in inflammation-associated nonresolving hepatocarcinogenesis. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of altered microRNAs in animal models with liver cancer of various etiologies, we identified miR-122 as the most significantly downregulated microRNA in the liver of animals with inflammation-associated liver cancer. Although previous research has indicated the importance of miR-122 in maintaining hepatocyte function, its specific role as either the trigger or the consequence of underlying diseases remains unclear. Through extensive analysis of animals and in vitro models, we have successfully demonstrated that miR-122 transcription is differentially regulated by the immunoregulatory cytokines, by the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), and the bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6). Furthermore, we presented convincing evidence directly linking reduced miR-122 transcription to inflammation and in chronic liver diseases. The results of this study strongly suggest that prolonged activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to disruption of cytokine-mediated regulation of miR-122, may significantly contribute to the onset and exacerbation of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Paluschinski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Claus Kordes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Veronika Buettner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Haifeng C. Xu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.C.X.); (P.V.S.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Prashant V. Shinte
- Institute for Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.C.X.); (P.V.S.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.C.X.); (P.V.S.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Mirco Castoldi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
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Buragaite-Staponkiene B, Rovas A, Puriene A, Snipaitiene K, Punceviciene E, Rimkevicius A, Butrimiene I, Jarmalaite S. Gingival Tissue MiRNA Expression Profiling and an Analysis of Periodontitis-Specific Circulating MiRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11983. [PMID: 37569358 PMCID: PMC10418511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with periodontitis (PD) in gingival tissues, and to evaluate the levels of these selected miRNAs in the saliva and blood plasma among participants with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A genome-wide miRNA expression analysis in 16 gingival tissue samples revealed 177 deregulated miRNAs. The validation of the miRNA profiling results in 80 gingival tissue samples revealed that the PD-affected tissues had a higher expression of miR-140-3p and -145-5p, while the levels of miR-125a-3p were significantly lower in inflamed tissues. After a thorough validation, four miRNAs, namely miR-140-3p, -145-5p, -146a-5p, and -195-5p, were selected for further analysis in a larger sample of salivary (N = 173) and blood plasma (N = 221) specimens. Increased salivary levels of miR-145-5p were associated with higher mean values of pocket probing depth and bleeding on probing index. The plasma-derived levels of miR-140-3p were higher among the participants with PD. In conclusion, the gingival levels of miR-140-3p, -145-5p, and -125a-3p were independently associated with PD presence and severity. The salivary and blood plasma levels of the target miRNAs were diversely related to PD. Similar miRNA associations with PD were observed among the participants with and without RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Buragaite-Staponkiene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.B.-S.); (K.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Adomas Rovas
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio St. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Alina Puriene
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio St. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Kristina Snipaitiene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.B.-S.); (K.S.); (S.J.)
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu St. 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egle Punceviciene
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio St. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.P.); (I.B.)
- Centre of Rheumatology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Rimkevicius
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio St. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (A.R.)
- Vilnius University Hospital Zalgiris Clinic, Zalgirio St. 117, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irena Butrimiene
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio St. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.P.); (I.B.)
- Centre of Rheumatology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.B.-S.); (K.S.); (S.J.)
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu St. 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Iyer M, Anand U, Thiruvenkataswamy S, Babu HWS, Narayanasamy A, Prajapati VK, Tiwari CK, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bontempi E, Sonne C, Barceló D, Vellingiri B. A review of chromium (Cr) epigenetic toxicity and health hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163483. [PMID: 37075992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic metals affect a variety of cellular processes, causing oxidative stress and cancer. The widespread distribution of these metals caused by industrial, residential, agricultural, medical, and technical activities raises concern for adverse environmental and human health effects. Of these metals, chromium (Cr) and its derivatives, including Cr(VI)-induced, are of a public health concern as they cause DNA epigenetic alterations resulting in heritable changes in gene expression. Here, we review and discuss the role of Cr(VI) in epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro-RNA changes, biomarkers of exposure and toxicity, and highlight prevention and intervention strategies to protect susceptible populations from exposure and adverse occupational health effects. Cr(VI) is a ubiquitous toxin linked to cardiovascular, developmental, neurological, and endocrine diseases as well as immunologic disorders and a high number of cancer types in humans following inhalation and skin contact. Cr alters DNA methylation levels as well as global and gene-specific histone posttranslational modifications, emphasizing the importance of considering epigenetics as a possible mechanism underlying Cr(VI) toxicity and cell-transforming ability. Our review shows that determining the levels of Cr(VI) in occupational workers is a crucial first step in shielding health problems, including cancer and other disorders. More clinical and preventative measures are therefore needed to better understand the toxicity and safeguard employees against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Saranya Thiruvenkataswamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology (PG-SF), PSG college of arts and science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Tiwari
- Research and Development section, Carestream Health Inc., Oakdale, MN 55128, United States of America
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, North block, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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Jones BT, Han J, Zhang H, Hammer RE, Evers BM, Rakheja D, Acharya A, Mendell JT. Target-directed microRNA degradation regulates developmental microRNA expression and embryonic growth in mammals. Genes Dev 2023; 37:661-674. [PMID: 37553261 PMCID: PMC10499020 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350906.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that play critical roles in development and disease. Target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD), a pathway in which miRNAs that bind to specialized targets with extensive complementarity are rapidly decayed, has emerged as a potent mechanism of controlling miRNA levels. Nevertheless, the biological role and scope of miRNA regulation by TDMD in mammals remains poorly understood. To address these questions, we generated mice with constitutive or conditional deletion of Zswim8, which encodes an essential TDMD factor. Loss of Zswim8 resulted in developmental defects in the heart and lungs, growth restriction, and perinatal lethality. Small RNA sequencing of embryonic tissues revealed widespread miRNA regulation by TDMD and greatly expanded the known catalog of miRNAs regulated by this pathway. These experiments also uncovered novel features of TDMD-regulated miRNAs, including their enrichment in cotranscribed clusters and examples in which TDMD underlies "arm switching," a phenomenon wherein the dominant strand of a miRNA precursor changes in different tissues or conditions. Importantly, deletion of two miRNAs, miR-322 and miR-503, rescued growth of Zswim8-null embryos, directly implicating the TDMD pathway as a regulator of mammalian body size. These data illuminate the broad landscape and developmental role of TDMD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jaeil Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Robert E Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Asha Acharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Jones BT, Han J, Zhang H, Hammer RE, Evers BM, Rakheja D, Acharya A, Mendell JT. Target-directed microRNA degradation regulates developmental microRNA expression and embryonic growth in mammals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.26.546601. [PMID: 37425885 PMCID: PMC10327180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.546601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that play critical roles in development and disease. Target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD), a pathway in which miRNAs that bind to specialized targets with extensive complementarity are rapidly decayed, has emerged as a potent mechanism of controlling miRNA levels. Nevertheless, the biological role and scope of miRNA regulation by TDMD in mammals remains poorly understood. To address these questions, we generated mice with constitutive or conditional deletion of Zswim8 , which encodes an essential TDMD factor. Loss of Zswim8 resulted in developmental defects in heart and lung, growth restriction, and perinatal lethality. Small RNA sequencing of embryonic tissues revealed widespread miRNA regulation by TDMD and greatly expanded the known catalog of miRNAs regulated by this pathway. These experiments also uncovered novel features of TDMD-regulated miRNAs, including their enrichment in co-transcribed clusters and examples in which TDMD underlies 'arm switching', a phenomenon wherein the dominant strand of a miRNA precursor changes in different tissues or conditions. Importantly, deletion of two miRNAs, miR-322 and miR-503, rescued growth of Zswim8 null embryos, directly implicating the TDMD pathway as a regulator of mammalian body size. These data illuminate the broad landscape and developmental role of TDMD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jaeil Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert E. Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bret M. Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Asha Acharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T. Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Lee KH, Hwang HJ, Im YJ, Nam AR, Lee JW, Cho JY. New oncogenic functions of LINE1 retroelement as a ceRNA for tumor suppressive microRNA miR-126 on ENPP5. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286814. [PMID: 37352273 PMCID: PMC10289412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroelements (REs) had been considered 'Junk' until the encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) project demonstrated that most genome is functional. Although the function of retroelements has been reported in diverse cancers including human breast cancer (HBC) and subtypes, only a few studies have suggested the putative functions of REs via their random genome integration. A canine mammary tumor (CMT) has been highlighted due to the similarities in molecular and pathophysiology with HBC. This study investigated the putative roles of REs common in both HBC and CMT. The human LINE and HERV-K sequences harbor many miRNAs responsive elements (MREs) for tumor-suppressive miRNA such as let-7. We also observed that various MREs are exist in the ERV and LINE highly expressed in the transcriptome data of CMT as well as HBC sets. MREs against miR-126 were highly expressed in both HBC and CMT while the levels of miR-126 were down-regulated. Oppositely, the expression of miR-126 target genes was significantly up-regulated in the cancers. Moreover, cancer patients with an increased level of miR-126 showed better overall survival. The expression of ENPP5, a putative miR-126 target gene, was downregulated by miR-126 mimic. Importantly, overexpression of LINE fragment significantly suppressed miR-126 function on the target gene expression. We propose the functional role of REs expression in tumorigenesis as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) against tumor-suppressive miRNAs. This study provided pieces of evidence that LINE expression, even partial and fragmented, have a regulatory function in ENPP5 gene expression via the competition with miR-126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Im
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kozłowska M, Śliwińska A. The Link between Diabetes, Pancreatic Tumors, and miRNAs-New Players for Diagnosis and Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10252. [PMID: 37373398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in medicine, pancreatic cancer is one of the most tardily diagnosed cancer and is consequently associated with a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. The asymptomatic clinical picture and the lack of relevant diagnostic markers for the early stages of pancreatic cancer are believed to be the major constraints behind an accurate diagnosis of this disease. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms of pancreatic cancer development are still poorly recognized. It is well accepted that diabetes increases the risk of pancreatic cancer development, however the precise mechanisms are weakly investigated. Recent studies are focused on microRNAs as a causative factor of pancreatic cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of pancreatic cancer and diabetes-associated microRNAs, and their potential in diagnosis and therapy. miR-96, miR-124, miR-21, and miR-10a were identified as promising biomarkers for early pancreatic cancer prediction. miR-26a, miR-101, and miR-200b carry therapeutic potential, as they not only regulate significant biological pathways, including the TGF-β and PI3K/AKT, but their re-expression contributes to the improvement of the prognosis by reducing invasiveness or chemoresistance. In diabetes, there are also changes in the expression of microRNAs, such as in miR-145, miR-29c, and miR-143. These microRNAs are involved, among others, in insulin signaling, including IRS-1 and AKT (miR-145), glucose homeostasis (hsa-miR-21), and glucose reuptake and gluconeogenesis (miR-29c). Although, changes in the expression of the same microRNAs are observed in both pancreatic cancer and diabetes, they exert different molecular effects. For example, miR-181a is upregulated in both pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus, but in diabetes it contributes to insulin resistance, whereas in pancreatic cancer it promotes tumor cell migration, respectively. To conclude, dysregulated microRNAs in diabetes affect crucial cellular processes that are involved in pancreatic cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kozłowska
- Student Scientific Society of Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Chen WC, Chang TC, Chou HH, Cheng MH, Hong JJ, Hsieh YS, Cheng CM. Peritoneal Fluid Analysis of Advanced Ovarian Cancers after Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119748. [PMID: 37298699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated miRNA and cytokine expression changes in peritoneal fluid samples of patients with advanced ovarian cancer (OVCA) after receiving hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) during cytoreduction surgery (CRS). We collected samples prior to HIPEC, immediately after HIPEC, and 24/48/72 h after CRS from a total of 6 patients. Cytokine levels were assessed using a multiplex cytokine array, and a miRNA PanelChip Analysis System was used for miRNA detection. Following HIPEC, miR-320a-3p, and miR-663-a were found to be immediately down-regulated but increased after 24 h. Further, significant upregulation post-HIPEC and sustained increases in expression were detected in six other miRNAs, including miR-1290, miR-1972, miR-1254, miR-483-5p, miR-574-3p, and miR-574-5p. We also found significantly increased expression of cytokines, including MCP-1, IL-6, IL-6sR, TIMP-1, RANTES, and G-CSF. The changing expression pattern throughout the study duration included a negative correlation in miR-320a-3p and miR-663-a to cytokines including RANTES, TIMP-1, and IL-6 but a positive correlation in miRNAs to cytokines including MCP-1, IL-6sR, and G-CSF. Our study found miRNAs and cytokines in the peritoneal fluid of OVCA patients demonstrated different expression characteristics following CRS and HIPEC. Both changes in expression demonstrated correlations, but the role of HIPEC remains unknown, prompting the need for research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chang Chang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsueh Chou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Cheng
- Taiwan Business Development Department, Inti Taiwan, Inc., Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Hong
- Taiwan Business Development Department, Inti Taiwan, Inc., Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Hsieh
- Taiwan Business Development Department, Inti Taiwan, Inc., Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Shokati E, Safari E. The immunomodulatory role of exosomal microRNA networks in the crosstalk between tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110267. [PMID: 37276829 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are considered a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells engaging in aggressive tumor progression and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients diagnosed with cancer, through downregulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Exosomes are small vesicles carrying specific cargos, including proteins, lipids, and MicroRNA (miRNAs). Such exosomal miRNAs delivered by MDSCs and tumor cells are short noncoding RNAs mediating some of the immunosuppressive characteristics of MDSCs in the TME. However, when it comes to cancer diseases, how these miRNAs interact with MDSCs and encourage MDSCs differentiation and function need further investigations. In this review, we discuss MDSC-derived exosomal miRNAs and those derived from tumor cells (TDE) could modulate anti-tumor immunity and regulate the interaction between tumor cells and MDSCs in the TME. Afterward, we focus on dividing miRNAs, as an important substance interacting with MDSCs and tumor cells in the TME, into those have an immunosuppressive or stimulating effect not only on MDSCs expansion, differentiation, and suppressive function but also on tumor evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shokati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bartoszewska S, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. HIF-1-Induced hsa-miR-429: Understanding Its Direct Targets as the Key to Developing Cancer Diagnostics and Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112903. [PMID: 37296866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation. In spite of our present knowledge on the mechanisms of mRNA regulation by miRNAs, the utilization and translation of these ncRNAs into clinical applications have been problematic. Using hsa-miR-429 as an example, we discuss the limitations encountered in the development of efficient miRNA-related therapies and diagnostic approaches. The miR-200 family members, which include hsa-miR-429, have been shown to be dysregulated in different types of cancer. Although these miR-200 family members have been shown to function in suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor metastasis, and chemoresistance, the experimental results have often been contradictory. These complications involve not only the complex networks involving these noncoding RNAs, but also the problem of identifying false positives. To overcome these limitations, a more comprehensive research strategy is needed to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their biological role in mRNA regulation. Here, we provide a literature analysis of the verified hsa-miR-429 targets in various human research models. A meta-analysis of this work is presented to provide better insights into the role of hsa-miR-429 in cancer diagnosis and any potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Zobdeh F, Eremenko II, Akan MA, Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Schiöth HB, Mwinyi J. The Epigenetics of Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119127. [PMID: 37298078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurological disorder and a major cause of disability. A wide range of different drug classes such as triptans, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, analgesics, and beta-blockers are used in acute and preventive migraine therapy. Despite a considerable progress in the development of novel and targeted therapeutic interventions during recent years, e.g., drugs that inhibit the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway, therapy success rates are still unsatisfactory. The diversity of drug classes used in migraine therapy partly reflects the limited perception of migraine pathophysiology. Genetics seems to explain only to a minor extent the susceptibility and pathophysiological aspects of migraine. While the role of genetics in migraine has been extensively studied in the past, the interest in studying the role of gene regulatory mechanisms in migraine pathophysiology is recently evolving. A better understanding of the causes and consequences of migraine-associated epigenetic changes could help to better understand migraine risk, pathogenesis, development, course, diagnosis, and prognosis. Additionally, it could be a promising avenue to discover new therapeutic targets for migraine treatment and monitoring. In this review, we summarize the state of the art regarding epigenetic findings in relation to migraine pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets, with a focus on DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA-dependent regulation. Several genes and their methylation patterns such as CALCA (migraine symptoms and age of migraine onset), RAMP1, NPTX2, and SH2D5 (migraine chronification) and microRNA molecules such as miR-34a-5p and miR-382-5p (treatment response) seem especially worthy of further study regarding their role in migraine pathogenesis, course, and therapy. Additionally, changes in genes including COMT, GIT2, ZNF234, and SOCS1 have been linked to migraine progression to medication overuse headache (MOH), and several microRNA molecules such as let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7f-5p, miR-155, miR-126, let-7g, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-375, miR-181a, let-7b, miR-22, and miR-155-5p have been implicated with migraine pathophysiology. Epigenetic changes could be a potential tool for a better understanding of migraine pathophysiology and the identification of new therapeutic possibilities. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify these early findings and to be able to establish epigenetic targets as disease predictors or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Zobdeh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, P.O. Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ivan I Eremenko
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, P.O. Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Advanced Molecular Technology, LLC, 354340 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikail A Akan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, P.O. Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Advanced Molecular Technology, LLC, 354340 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, P.O. Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, P.O. Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Bayraktar E, Bayraktar R, Oztatlici H, Lopez-Berestein G, Amero P, Rodriguez-Aguayo C. Targeting miRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs as a Therapeutic Approach: An Update. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:27. [PMID: 37104009 PMCID: PMC10145226 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), the understanding of miRNA biology has expanded substantially. miRNAs are involved and described as master regulators of the major hallmarks of cancer, including cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, the cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis. Experimental data indicate that cancer phenotypes can be modified by targeting miRNA expression, and because miRNAs act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs), they have emerged as attractive tools and, more importantly, as a new class of targets for drug development in cancer therapeutics. With the use of miRNA mimics or molecules targeting miRNAs (i.e., small-molecule inhibitors such as anti-miRS), these therapeutics have shown promise in preclinical settings. Some miRNA-targeted therapeutics have been extended to clinical development, such as the mimic of miRNA-34 for treating cancer. Here, we discuss insights into the role of miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and resistance and summarize some recent successful systemic delivery approaches and recent developments in miRNAs as targets for anticancer drug development. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of mimics and inhibitors that are in clinical trials and finally a list of clinical trials based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hulya Oztatlici
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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50
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Treeck O, Haerteis S, Ortmann O. Non-Coding RNAs Modulating Estrogen Signaling and Response to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061632. [PMID: 36980520 PMCID: PMC10046587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest part of human DNA is transcribed into RNA that does not code for proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of protein-coding gene expression and have been shown to play important roles in health, disease and therapy response. Today, endocrine therapy of ERα-positive breast cancer (BC) is a successful treatment approach, but resistance to this therapy is a major clinical problem. Therefore, a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms is important to overcome this resistance. An increasing amount of evidence demonstrate that ncRNAs affect the response to endocrine therapy. Thus, ncRNAs are considered versatile biomarkers to predict or monitor therapy response. In this review article, we intend to give a summary and update on the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) on estrogen signaling in BC cells, this pathway being the target of endocrine therapy, and their role in therapy resistance. For this purpose, we reviewed articles on these topics listed in the PubMed database. Finally, we provide an assessment regarding the clinical use of these ncRNA types, particularly their circulating forms, as predictive BC biomarkers and their potential role as therapy targets to overcome endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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