1
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Kampourakis T, Ponnam S, Campbell KS, Wellette-Hunsucker A, Koch D. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C phosphorylation as a function of multiple protein kinase and phosphatase activities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5111. [PMID: 38877002 PMCID: PMC11178824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a determinant of cardiac myofilament function. Although cMyBP-C phosphorylation by various protein kinases has been extensively studied, the influence of protein phosphatases on cMyBP-C's multiple phosphorylation sites has remained largely obscure. Here we provide a detailed biochemical characterization of cMyBP-C dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases 1 and 2 A (PP1 and PP2A), and develop an integrated kinetic model for cMyBP-C phosphorylation using data for both PP1, PP2A and various protein kinases known to phosphorylate cMyBP-C. We find strong site-specificity and a hierarchical mechanism for both phosphatases, proceeding in the opposite direction of sequential phosphorylation by potein kinase A. The model is consistent with published data from human patients and predicts complex non-linear cMyBP-C phosphorylation patterns that are validated experimentally. Our results suggest non-redundant roles for PP1 and PP2A under both physiological and heart failure conditions, and emphasize the importance of phosphatases for cMyBP-C regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kampourakis
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Saraswathi Ponnam
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Daniel Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Royba E, Shuryak I, Ponnaiya B, Repin M, Pampou S, Karan C, Turner H, Garty G, Brenner DJ. Multiwell-based G0-PCC assay for radiation biodosimetry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.27.596074. [PMID: 38854157 PMCID: PMC11160667 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.596074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In cytogenetic biodosimetry, assessing radiation exposure typically requires over 48 hours for cells to reach mitosis, significantly delaying the administration of crucial radiation countermeasures needed within the first 24 hours post-exposure. To improve medical response times, we incorporated the G0-Premature Chromosome Condensation (G0-PCC) technique with the Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool-II (RABiT-II), creating a faster alternative for large-scale radiation emergencies. Our findings revealed that using a lower concentration of Calyculin A (Cal A) than recommended effectively increased the yield of highly-condensed G0-PCC cells (hPCC). However, integrating recombinant CDK1/Cyclin B kinase, vital for chromosome condensation, proved challenging due to the properties of these proteins affecting interactions with cellular membranes. Interestingly, Cal A alone was capable of inducing chromosome compaction in some G0 cells even in the absence of mitotic kinases, although these chromosomes displayed atypical morphologies. This suggests that Cal A mechanism for compacting G0 chromatin may differ from condensation driven by mitotic kinases. Additionally, we observed a correlation between radiation dose and extent of hPCC chromosome fragmentation, which allowed us to automate radiation damage quantification using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our method can address the need for a same-day cytogenetic biodosimetry test in radiation emergency situations.
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3
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Pfisterer M, Robert R, Saul VV, Pritz A, Seibert M, Feederle R, Schmitz ML. The Aurora B-controlled PP1/RepoMan complex determines the spatial and temporal distribution of mitotic H2B S6 phosphorylation. Open Biol 2024; 14:230460. [PMID: 38806145 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise spatial and temporal control of histone phosphorylations is important for the ordered progression through the different phases of mitosis. The phosphorylation of H2B at S6 (H2B S6ph), which is crucial for chromosome segregation, reaches its maximum level during metaphase and is limited to the inner centromere. We discovered that the temporal and spatial regulation of this modification, as well as its intensity, are governed by the scaffold protein RepoMan and its associated catalytically active phosphatases, PP1α and PP1γ. Phosphatase activity is inhibited at the area of maximal H2B S6 phosphorylation at the inner centromere by site-specific Aurora B-mediated inactivation of the PP1/RepoMan complex. The motor protein Mklp2 contributes to the relocalization of Aurora B from chromatin to the mitotic spindle during anaphase, thus alleviating Aurora B-dependent repression of the PP1/RepoMan complex and enabling dephosphorylation of H2B S6. Accordingly, dysregulation of Mklp2 levels, as commonly observed in tumour cells, leads to the lack of H2B S6 dephosphorylation during early anaphase, which might contribute to chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Robert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Vera V Saul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Amelie Pritz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
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4
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Han Y, Wennersten SA, Pandi BP, Ng DCM, Lau E, Lam MPY. A Ratiometric Catalog of Protein Isoform Shifts in the Cardiac Fetal Gene Program. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588716. [PMID: 38645170 PMCID: PMC11030362 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The fetal genetic program orchestrates cardiac development and the re-expression of fetal genes is thought to underlie cardiac disease and adaptation. Here, a proteomics ratio test using mass spectrometry is applied to find protein isoforms with statistically significant usage differences in the fetal vs. postnatal mouse heart. Changes in isoform usage ratios are pervasive at the protein level, with 104 significant events observed, including 88 paralog-derived isoform switching events and 16 splicing-derived isoform switching events between fetal and postnatal hearts. The ratiometric proteomic comparisons rediscovered hallmark fetal gene signatures including a postnatal switch from fetal β (MYH7) toward ɑ (MYH6) myosin heavy chains and from slow skeletal muscle (TNNI1) toward cardiac (TNNI3) troponin I. Altered usages in metabolic proteins are prominent, including a platelet to muscle phosphofructokinase (PFKP - PFKM), enolase 1 to 3 (ENO1 - ENO3), and alternative splicing of pyruvate kinase M2 toward M1 (PKM2 - PKM1) isoforms in glycolysis. The data also revealed a parallel change in mitochondrial proteins in cardiac development, suggesting the shift toward aerobic respiration involves also a remodeling of the mitochondrial protein isoform proportion. Finally, a number of glycolytic protein isoforms revert toward their fetal forms in adult hearts under pathological cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting their functional roles in adaptive or maladaptive response, but this reversal is partial. In summary, this work presents a catalog of ratiometric protein markers of the fetal genetic program of the mouse heart, including previously unreported splice isoform markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sara A Wennersten
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Boomathi P Pandi
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dominic C M Ng
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maggie P Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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5
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Horakova A, Konecna M, Anger M. Chromosome Division in Early Embryos-Is Everything under Control? And Is the Cell Size Important? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2101. [PMID: 38396778 PMCID: PMC10889803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation in female germ cells and early embryonic blastomeres is known to be highly prone to errors. The resulting aneuploidy is therefore the most frequent cause of termination of early development and embryo loss in mammals. And in specific cases, when the aneuploidy is actually compatible with embryonic and fetal development, it leads to severe developmental disorders. The main surveillance mechanism, which is essential for the fidelity of chromosome segregation, is the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). And although all eukaryotic cells carry genes required for SAC, it is not clear whether this pathway is active in all cell types, including blastomeres of early embryos. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling chromosome segregation and how they might work in embryos and mammalian embryos in particular. Our conclusion from the current literature is that the early mammalian embryos show limited capabilities to react to chromosome segregation defects, which might, at least partially, explain the widespread problem of aneuploidy during the early development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Horakova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Konecna
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
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6
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Nagelli S, Westermarck J. CIP2A coordinates phosphosignaling, mitosis, and the DNA damage response. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:52-64. [PMID: 37793965 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cancers share requirements for phosphorylation-dependent signaling, mitotic hyperactivity, and survival after DNA damage. The oncoprotein CIP2A (cancerous inhibitor of PP2A) can coordinate all these cancer cell characteristics. In addition to controlling cancer cell phosphoproteomes via inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A, CIP2A directly interacts with the DNA damage protein TopBP1 (topoisomerase II-binding protein 1). Consequently, CIP2A allows DNA-damaged cells to enter mitosis and is essential for mitotic cells that are defective in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair (e.g., BRCA mutants). The CIP2A-TopBP1 complex is also important for clustering fragmented chromosomes at mitosis. Clinically, CIP2A is a disease driver for basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (BL-TNBC) and a promising cancer therapy target across many cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikar Nagelli
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and FICANWest Cancer Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and FICANWest Cancer Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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7
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Kapoor S, Adhikary K, Kotak S. PP2A-B55 SUR-6 promotes nuclear envelope breakdown in C. elegans embryos. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113495. [PMID: 37995185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelope (NE) disassembly during mitosis is critical to ensure faithful segregation of the genetic material. NE disassembly is a phosphorylation-dependent process wherein mitotic kinases hyper-phosphorylate lamina and nucleoporins to initiate nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). In this study, we uncover an unexpected role of the PP2A phosphatase B55SUR-6 in NEBD during the first embryonic division of Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. B55SUR-6 depletion delays NE permeabilization and stabilizes lamina and nucleoporins. As a result, the merging of parental genomes and chromosome segregation is impaired. NEBD defect upon B55SUR-6 depletion is not due to delayed mitotic onset or mislocalization of mitotic kinases. Importantly, we demonstrate that microtubule-dependent mechanical forces synergize with B55SUR-6 for efficient NEBD. Finally, our data suggest that the lamin LMN-1 is likely a bona fide target of PP2A-B55SUR-6. These findings establish a model highlighting biochemical crosstalk between kinases, PP2A-B55SUR-6 phosphatase, and microtubule-generated mechanical forces in timely NE dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Kapoor
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology (MCB), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kuheli Adhikary
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology (MCB), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sachin Kotak
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology (MCB), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India.
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8
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Jema S, Chen C, Humphrey L, Karmarkar S, Ferrari F, Joglekar AP. Signaling protein abundance modulates the strength of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4505-4515.e4. [PMID: 37738972 PMCID: PMC10615864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis, unattached kinetochores in a dividing cell signal to the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to delay anaphase onset and prevent chromosome missegregation.1,2,3,4 The signaling activity of these kinetochores and the likelihood of chromosome missegregation depend on the amount of SAC signaling proteins each kinetochore recruits.5,6,7,8 Therefore, factors that control SAC protein recruitment must be thoroughly understood. Phosphoregulation of kinetochore and SAC signaling proteins due to the concerted action of many kinases and phosphatases is a significant determinant of the SAC protein recruitment to signaling kinetochores.9 Whether the abundance of SAC proteins also influences the recruitment and signaling activity of human kinetochores has not been studied.8,10 Here, we reveal that the low cellular abundance of the SAC signaling protein Bub1 limits its own recruitment and that of BubR1 and restricts the SAC signaling activity of the kinetochore. Conversely, Bub1 overexpression results in higher recruitment of SAC proteins, producing longer delays in anaphase onset. We also find that the number of SAC proteins recruited by a signaling kinetochore is inversely correlated with the total number of signaling kinetochores in the cell. This correlation likely arises from the competition among the signaling kinetochores to recruit from a limited pool of signaling proteins, including Bub1. The inverse correlation may allow the dividing cell to prevent a large number of signaling kinetochores in early prophase from generating an overly large signal while enabling the last unaligned kinetochore in late prometaphase to signal at the maximum strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubhagyalaxmi Jema
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lauren Humphrey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shriya Karmarkar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank Ferrari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ajit P Joglekar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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9
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Fu P, Zhang D, Yang C, Yuan X, Luo X, Zheng H, Deng Y, Liu Q, Cui K, Gao F, Shi D. Whole-genome transcriptome and DNA methylation dynamics of pre-implantation embryos reveal progression of embryonic genome activation in buffaloes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:94. [PMID: 37430306 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During mammalian pre-implantation embryonic development (PED), the process of maternal-to-zygote transition (MZT) is well orchestrated by epigenetic modification and gene sequential expression, and it is related to the embryonic genome activation (EGA). During MZT, the embryos are sensitive to the environment and easy to arrest at this stage in vitro. However, the timing and regulation mechanism of EGA in buffaloes remain obscure. RESULTS Buffalo pre-implantation embryos were subjected to trace cell based RNA-seq and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to draw landscapes of transcription and DNA-methylation. Four typical developmental steps were classified during buffalo PED. Buffalo major EGA was identified at the 16-cell stage by the comprehensive analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation dynamics. By weighted gene co-expression network analysis, stage-specific modules were identified during buffalo maternal-to-zygotic transition, and key signaling pathways and biological process events were further revealed. Programmed and continuous activation of these pathways was necessary for success of buffalo EGA. In addition, the hub gene, CDK1, was identified to play a critical role in buffalo EGA. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a landscape of transcription and DNA methylation in buffalo PED and reveals deeply the molecular mechanism of the buffalo EGA and genetic programming during buffalo MZT. It will lay a foundation for improving the in vitro development of buffalo embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Du Zhang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530016, China
| | - Xier Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Haiying Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 1870 C, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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10
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Ge L, Wang N, Li X, Huang Y, Li K, Zuo Y. Phosphoproteomic insight into the changes in structural proteins of muscle architecture associated with texture softening of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets during chilling storage. Food Chem 2023; 422:136262. [PMID: 37141753 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Texture is an important sensory attribute of fish affected by modifications of structural proteins in muscle architecture. To investigate the changes in protein phosphorylation during texture softening of fish, the proteins of grass carp muscle after chilling storage of 0 day and 6 days were compared by phosphoproteomics, and their association with texture was analyzed. Totally 1026 unique phosphopeptides on 656 phosphoproteins were identified as differential. They were mainly classified as intracellular myofibril and cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix, of which the molecular function and biological process were binding into supramolecular assembly and myofilament contraction. The concomitant dephosphorylation of kinases and assembly regulators indicated dephosphorylation and disassembly tendency of sarcomeric architecture. Correlation analysis defined the relation between texture and dephosphorylation of myosin light chain, actin, collagen and cytoskeleton. This study revealed that protein phosphorylation may affect the texture of fish muscle through regulating sarcomeric assembly of structural proteins in muscle architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ge
- Key Laboratory for Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ningxiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory for Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Key Laboratory for Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kejuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Taylor SJP, Bel Borja L, Soubigou F, Houston J, Cheerambathur DK, Pelisch F. BUB-1 and CENP-C recruit PLK-1 to control chromosome alignment and segregation during meiosis I in C. elegans oocytes. eLife 2023; 12:e84057. [PMID: 37067150 PMCID: PMC10156168 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification that is utilised in many biological processes for the rapid and reversible regulation of protein localisation and activity. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) is essential for both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions, with key functions being conserved in eukaryotes. The roles and regulation of PLK-1 during mitosis have been well characterised. However, the discrete roles and regulation of PLK-1 during meiosis have remained obscure. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes to show that PLK-1 plays distinct roles in meiotic spindle assembly and/or stability, chromosome alignment and segregation, and polar body extrusion during meiosis I. Furthermore, by a combination of live imaging and biochemical analysis we identified the chromosomal recruitment mechanisms of PLK-1 during C. elegans oocyte meiosis. The spindle assembly checkpoint kinase BUB-1 directly recruits PLK-1 to the kinetochore and midbivalent while the chromosome arm population of PLK-1 depends on a direct interaction with the centromeric-associated protein CENP-CHCP-4. We found that perturbing both BUB-1 and CENP-CHCP-4 recruitment of PLK-1 leads to severe meiotic defects, resulting in highly aneuploid oocytes. Overall, our results shed light on the roles played by PLK-1 during oocyte meiosis and provide a mechanistic understanding of PLK-1 targeting to meiotic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel JP Taylor
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Bel Borja
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Flavie Soubigou
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jack Houston
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego BranchLa JollaUnited States
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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12
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McAinsh AD, Kops GJPL. Principles and dynamics of spindle assembly checkpoint signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41580-023-00593-z. [PMID: 36964313 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of a complete set of chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division is vital for development and tissue homeostasis. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures correct segregation by informing the cell cycle machinery of potential errors in the interactions of chromosomes with spindle microtubules prior to anaphase. To do so, the SAC monitors microtubule engagement by specialized structures known as kinetochores and integrates local mechanical and chemical cues such that it can signal in a sensitive, responsive and robust manner. In this Review, we discuss how SAC proteins interact to allow production of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) that halts anaphase progression by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). We highlight recent advances aimed at understanding the dynamic signalling properties of the SAC and how it interprets various naturally occurring intermediate attachment states. Further, we discuss SAC signalling in the context of the mammalian multisite kinetochore and address the impact of the fibrous corona. We also identify current challenges in understanding how the SAC ensures high-fidelity chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Yuki R, Ikeda Y, Yasutake R, Saito Y, Nakayama Y. SH2D4A promotes centrosome maturation to support spindle microtubule formation and mitotic progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2067. [PMID: 36739326 PMCID: PMC9899277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression requires the precise formation of spindle microtubules based on mature centrosomes. During the G2/M transition, centrosome maturation progresses, and associated microtubules bundle to form mitotic spindle fibers and capture the chromosomes for alignment at the cell equator. Mitotic kinases-induced phosphorylation signaling is necessary for these processes. Here, we identified SH2 domain-containing protein 4A (SH2D4A/PPP1R38) as a new mitotic regulator. SH2D4A knockdown delays mitotic progression. The time-lapse imaging analysis showed that SH2D4A specifically contributes to the alignment of chromosomes. The cold treatment assay and microtubule regrowth assay indicated that SH2D4A promotes microtubule nucleation to support kinetochore-microtubule attachment. This may be due to the centrosome maturation by SH2D4A via centrosomal recruitment of pericentriolar material (PCM) such as cep192, γ-tubulin, and PLK1. SH2D4A was found to be a negative regulator of PP1 phosphatase. Consistently, treatment with a PP1 inhibitor rescues SH2D4A-knockdown-induced phenotypes, including the microtubule nucleation and centrosomal recruitment of active PLK1. These results suggest that SH2D4A is involved in PCM recruitment to centrosomes and centrosome maturation through attenuation of PP1 phosphatases, accelerating the spindle formation and supporting mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuzaburo Yuki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yasutake
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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14
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Liu S, Zhang Z, Li L, Yao L, Ma Z, Li J. ADAM10- and γ-secretase-dependent cleavage of the transmembrane protein PTPRT attenuates neurodegeneration in the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22734. [PMID: 36583697 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201396r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PTPRT (receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T), a brain-specific type 1 transmembrane protein, plays an important role in neurodevelopment and synapse formation. However, whether abnormal PTPRT signaling is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive. Here, we report that Ptprt mRNA expression is found to be downregulated in the brains of both human and mouse models of AD. We further identified that the PTPRT intracellular domain (PICD), which is released by ADAM10- and γ-secretase-dependent cleavage of PTPRT, efficiently translocates to the nucleus via a conserved nuclear localization signal (NLS). We show that inhibition of nuclear translocation of PICD leads to an accumulation of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), a substrate of PTPRT-eventually resulting in neuronal cell death. Consistently, RNA sequencing reveals that overexpression of PICD leads to changes in the expression of genes that are functionally associated with synapse formation, cell adhesion, and protein dephosphorylation. Moreover, overexpression of PICD not only decreases the level of phospho-STAT3Y705 and amyloid β production in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice but also partially improves synaptic function and behavioral deficits in this mouse model of AD. These findings suggest that a novel role of the ADAM 10- and γ-secretase-dependent cleavage of PTPRT may alleviate the AD-like neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanshan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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15
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Fischer ES. Kinetochore‐catalyzed MCC
formation: A structural perspective. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:289-310. [PMID: 36518060 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Macromolecular complexes known as kinetochores, act as the interface of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules. In response to unattached kinetochores, the SAC activates its effector, the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit until all sister chromatid pairs have achieved successful attachment to the bipolar mitotic spindle. Formation of the MCC (composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20) is regulated by an Mps1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation signaling cascade which assembles and repositions components of the MCC onto a catalytic scaffold. This scaffold functions to catalyze the conversion of the HORMA-domain protein Mad2 from an "inactive" open-state (O-Mad2) into an "active" closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2), and simultaneous Cdc20 binding. Here, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the kinetic barrier to C-Mad2:Cdc20 formation will be reviewed. Recent progress in elucidating the precise molecular choreography orchestrated by the catalytic scaffold to rapidly assemble the MCC will be examined, and unresolved questions will be highlighted. Ultimately, understanding how the SAC rapidly activates the checkpoint not only provides insights into how cells maintain genomic integrity during mitosis, but also provides a paradigm for how cells can utilize molecular switches, including other HORMA domain-containing proteins, to make rapid changes to a cell's physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S. Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
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16
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Moen JM, Mohler K, Rogulina S, Shi X, Shen H, Rinehart J. Enhanced access to the human phosphoproteome with genetically encoded phosphothreonine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7226. [PMID: 36433969 PMCID: PMC9700786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification used to regulate cellular processes and proteome architecture by modulating protein-protein interactions. The identification of phosphorylation events through proteomic surveillance has dramatically outpaced our capacity for functional assignment using traditional strategies, which often require knowledge of the upstream kinase a priori. The development of phospho-amino-acid-specific orthogonal translation systems, evolutionarily divergent aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA pairs that enable co-translational insertion of a phospho-amino acids, has rapidly improved our ability to assess the physiological function of phosphorylation by providing kinase-independent methods of phosphoprotein production. Despite this utility, broad deployment has been hindered by technical limitations and an inability to reconstruct complex phopho-regulatory networks. Here, we address these challenges by optimizing genetically encoded phosphothreonine translation to characterize phospho-dependent kinase activation mechanisms and, subsequently, develop a multi-level protein interaction platform to directly assess the overlap of kinase and phospho-binding protein substrate networks with phosphosite-level resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Moen
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Kyle Mohler
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Svetlana Rogulina
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Hongying Shen
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Jesse Rinehart
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516 USA
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17
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Zhu K, Cai Y, Si X, Ye Z, Gao Y, Liu C, Wang R, Ma Z, Zhu H, Zhang L, Li S, Zhang H, Yue J. The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation switch of VCP/p97 regulates the architecture of centrosome and spindle. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2070-2088. [PMID: 35430615 PMCID: PMC9525716 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper orientation of centrosome and spindle is essential for genome stability; however, the mechanism that governs these processes remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a key mitotic kinase, phosphorylates residue Thr76 in VCP/p97 (an AAA-ATPase), at the centrosome from prophase to anaphase. This phosphorylation process recruits VCP to the centrosome and in this way, it regulates centrosome orientation. VCP exhibits strong co-localization with Eg5 (a mitotic kinesin motor), at the mitotic spindle, and the dephosphorylation of Thr76 in VCP is required for the enrichment of both VCP and Eg5 at the spindle, thus ensuring proper spindle architecture and chromosome segregation. We also showed that the phosphatase, PTEN, is responsible for the dephosphorylation of Thr76 in VCP; when PTEN was knocked down, the normal spread of VCP from the centrosome to the spindle was abolished. Cryo-EM structures of VCPT76A and VCPT76E, which represent dephosphorylated and phosphorylated states of VCP, respectively, revealed that the Thr76 phosphorylation modulates VCP by altering the inter-domain and inter-subunit interactions, and ultimately the nucleotide-binding pocket conformation. Interestingly, the tumor growth in nude mice implanted with VCPT76A-reconstituted cancer cells was significantly slower when compared with those implanted with VCPWT-reconstituted cancer cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation switch of VCP regulates the architecture of centrosome and spindle for faithful chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zhu
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaotong Si
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuodong Ye
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Department of Biology, SUSTech Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Biology, SUSTech Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhibin Ma
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengjin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Abad MA, Gupta T, Hadders MA, Meppelink A, Wopken JP, Blackburn E, Zou J, Gireesh A, Buzuk L, Kelly DA, McHugh T, Rappsilber J, Lens SMA, Jeyaprakash AA. Mechanistic basis for Sgo1-mediated centromere localization and function of the CPC. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213318. [PMID: 35776132 PMCID: PMC9253516 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere association of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC; Borealin-Survivin-INCENP-Aurora B) and Sgo1 is crucial for chromosome biorientation, a process essential for error-free chromosome segregation. Phosphorylated histone H3 Thr3 (H3T3ph; directly recognized by Survivin) and histone H2A Thr120 (H2AT120ph; indirectly recognized via Sgo1), together with CPC’s intrinsic nucleosome-binding ability, facilitate CPC centromere recruitment. However, the molecular basis for CPC–Sgo1 binding and how their physical interaction influences CPC centromere localization are lacking. Here, using an integrative structure-function approach, we show that the “histone H3-like” Sgo1 N-terminal tail-Survivin BIR domain interaction acts as a hotspot essential for CPC–Sgo1 assembly, while downstream Sgo1 residues and Borealin contribute for high-affinity binding. Disrupting Sgo1–Survivin interaction abolished CPC–Sgo1 assembly and perturbed CPC centromere localization and function. Our findings reveal that Sgo1 and H3T3ph use the same surface on Survivin to bind CPC. Hence, it is likely that these interactions take place in a spatiotemporally restricted manner, providing a rationale for the Sgo1-mediated “kinetochore-proximal” CPC centromere pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alba Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tanmay Gupta
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge Department of Oncology, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael A Hadders
- Oncode Institute and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Meppelink
- Oncode Institute and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J Pepijn Wopken
- Oncode Institute and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anjitha Gireesh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lana Buzuk
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toni McHugh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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19
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JENKINSON F, ZEGERMAN P. Roles of phosphatases in eukaryotic DNA replication initiation control. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 118:103384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Feichtner A, Kugler V, Schwaighofer S, Nuener T, Fleischmann J, Stefan E. Tracking mutation and drug-driven alterations of oncokinase conformations. MEMO 2022; 15:137-142. [PMID: 35677701 PMCID: PMC7612828 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-021-00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous kinases act as central nodes of cellular signaling networks. As such, many of these enzymes function as molecular switches for coordinating spatiotemporal signal transmission. Typically, it is the compartmentalized phosphorylation of protein substrates which relays the transient input signal to determine decisive physiological cell responses. Genomic alterations affect kinase abundance and/or their activities which contribute to the malignant transformation, progression, and metastasis of human cancers. Thus, major drug discovery efforts have been made to identify lead molecules targeting clinically relevant oncokinases. The concept of personalized medicine aims to apply the therapeutic agent with the highest efficacy towards a patient-specific mutation. Here, we discuss the implementation of a cell-based reporter system which may foster the decision-making process to identify the most promising lead-molecules. We present a modular kinase conformation (KinCon) biosensor platform for live-cell analyses of kinase activity states. This biosensor facilitates the recording of kinase activity conformations of the wild-type and the respective mutated kinase upon lead molecule exposure. We reflect proof-of-principle studies demonstrating how this technology has been extended to profile drug properties of the full-length kinases BRAF and MEK1 in intact cells. Further, we pinpoint how this technology may open new avenues for systematic and patient-tailored drug discovery efforts. Overall, this precision-medicineoriented biosensor concept aims to determine kinase inhibitor specificity and anticipate their drug efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Feichtner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentina Kugler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Selina Schwaighofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Nuener
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Fleischmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Kim T. Recent Progress on the Localization of PLK1 to the Kinetochore and Its Role in Mitosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095252. [PMID: 35563642 PMCID: PMC9102930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate distribution of the replicated genome during cell division is essential for cell survival and healthy organismal development. Errors in this process have catastrophic consequences, such as birth defects and aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer cells. PLK1 is one of the master kinases in mitosis and has multiple functions, including mitotic entry, chromosome segregation, spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. To dissect the role of PLK1 in mitosis, it is important to understand how PLK1 localizes in the specific region in cells. PLK1 localizes at the kinetochore and is essential in spindle assembly checkpoint and chromosome segregation. However, how PLK1 localizes at the kinetochore remains elusive. Here, we review the recent literature on the kinetochore recruitment mechanisms of PLK1 and its roles in spindle assembly checkpoint and attachment between kinetochores and spindle microtubules. Together, this review provides an overview of how the local distribution of PLK1 could regulate major pathways in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyung Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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22
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Doodhi H, Tanaka TU. Swap and stop - Kinetochores play error correction with microtubules: Mechanisms of kinetochore-microtubule error correction: Mechanisms of kinetochore-microtubule error correction. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100246. [PMID: 35261042 PMCID: PMC9344824 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Correct chromosome segregation in mitosis relies on chromosome biorientation, in which sister kinetochores attach to microtubules from opposite spindle poles prior to segregation. To establish biorientation, aberrant kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be resolved through the error correction process. During error correction, kinetochore–microtubule interactions are exchanged (swapped) if aberrant, but the exchange must stop when biorientation is established. In this article, we discuss recent findings in budding yeast, which have revealed fundamental molecular mechanisms promoting this “swap and stop” process for error correction. Where relevant, we also compare the findings in budding yeast with mechanisms in higher eukaryotes. Evidence suggests that Aurora B kinase differentially regulates kinetochore attachments to the microtubule end and its lateral side and switches relative strength of the two kinetochore–microtubule attachment modes, which drives the exchange of kinetochore–microtubule interactions to resolve aberrant interactions. However, Aurora B kinase, recruited to centromeres and inner kinetochores, cannot reach its targets at kinetochore–microtubule interface when tension causes kinetochore stretching, which stops the kinetochore–microtubule exchange once biorientation is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinath Doodhi
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tomoyuki U Tanaka
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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23
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Barbosa J, Sunkel CE, Conde C. The Role of Mitotic Kinases and the RZZ Complex in Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments: Doing the Right Link. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:787294. [PMID: 35155423 PMCID: PMC8832123 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.787294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the interaction of kinetochores (KTs) with microtubules (MTs) drives chromosome congression to the spindle equator and supports the segregation of sister chromatids. Faithful genome partition critically relies on the ability of chromosomes to establish and maintain proper amphitelic end-on attachments, a configuration in which sister KTs are connected to robust MT fibers emanating from opposite spindle poles. Because the capture of spindle MTs by KTs is error prone, cells use mechanisms that sense and correct inaccurate KT-MT interactions before committing to segregate sister chromatids in anaphase. If left unresolved, these errors can result in the unequal distribution of chromosomes and lead to aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular strategies that monitor the formation and fine-tuning of KT-MT attachments. We describe the complex network of proteins that operates at the KT-MT interface and discuss how AURORA B and PLK1 coordinate several concurrent events so that the stability of KT-MT attachments is precisely modulated throughout mitotic progression. We also outline updated knowledge on how the RZZ complex is regulated to ensure the formation of end-on attachments and the fidelity of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João Barbosa, ; Claudio E. Sunkel, ; Carlos Conde,
| | - Claudio E. Sunkel
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João Barbosa, ; Claudio E. Sunkel, ; Carlos Conde,
| | - Carlos Conde
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João Barbosa, ; Claudio E. Sunkel, ; Carlos Conde,
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24
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Huis In 't Veld PJ, Wohlgemuth S, Koerner C, Müller F, Janning P, Musacchio A. Reconstitution and use of highly active human CDK1:Cyclin-B:CKS1 complexes. Protein Sci 2021; 31:528-537. [PMID: 34791727 PMCID: PMC8819839 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As dividing cells transition into mitosis, hundreds of proteins are phosphorylated by a complex of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and Cyclin‐B, often at multiple sites. CDK1:Cyclin‐B phosphorylation patterns alter conformations, interaction partners, and enzymatic activities of target proteins and need to be recapitulated in vitro for the structural and functional characterization of the mitotic protein machinery. This requires a pure and active recombinant kinase complex. The kinase activity of CDK1 critically depends on the phosphorylation of a Threonine residue in its activation loop by a CDK1‐activating kinase (CAK). We developed protocols to activate CDK1:Cyclin‐B either in vitro with purified CAKs or in insect cells through CDK‐CAK co‐expression. To boost kinase processivity, we reconstituted a ternary complex consisting of CDK1, Cyclin‐B, and CKS1. In this work, we provide and compare detailed protocols to obtain and use highly active CDK1:Cyclin‐B (CC) and CDK1:Cyclin‐B:CKS1 (CCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carolin Koerner
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Changing places: Chromosomal Passenger Complex relocation in early anaphase. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:165-176. [PMID: 34663523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) regulates a plethora of processes during multiple stages of nuclear and cytoplasmic division. Early during mitosis, the CPC is recruited to centromeres and kinetochores, and ensures that the duplicated chromosomes become properly connected to microtubules from opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. Progression into anaphase is accompanied by a striking relocation of the CPC from centromeres to the antiparallel microtubule overlaps of the anaphase spindle and to the equatorial cortex. This translocation requires direct interactions of the CPC with the kinesin-6 family member MKLP2/KIF20A, and the inactivation of cyclin B-cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1). Here, we review recent progress in the regulation of this relocation event. Furthermore, we discuss why the CPC must be relocated during early anaphase in light of recent advances in the functions of the CPC post metaphase.
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26
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Anger M, Radonova L, Horakova A, Sekach D, Charousova M. Impact of Global Transcriptional Silencing on Cell Cycle Regulation and Chromosome Segregation in Early Mammalian Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9073. [PMID: 34445775 PMCID: PMC8396661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of an early development is, in mammals, characterized by profound changes of multiple aspects of cellular morphology and behavior. These are including, but not limited to, fertilization and the merging of parental genomes with a subsequent transition from the meiotic into the mitotic cycle, followed by global changes of chromatin epigenetic modifications, a gradual decrease in cell size and the initiation of gene expression from the newly formed embryonic genome. Some of these important, and sometimes also dramatic, changes are executed within the period during which the gene transcription is globally silenced or not progressed, and the regulation of most cellular activities, including those mentioned above, relies on controlled translation. It is known that the blastomeres within an early embryo are prone to chromosome segregation errors, which might, when affecting a significant proportion of a cell within the embryo, compromise its further development. In this review, we discuss how the absence of transcription affects the transition from the oocyte to the embryo and what impact global transcriptional silencing might have on the basic cell cycle and chromosome segregation controlling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Anger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.R.); (A.H.); (D.S.); (M.C.)
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27
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Moriuchi T, Hirose F. SUMOylation of RepoMan during late telophase regulates dephosphorylation of lamin A. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271831. [PMID: 34387316 PMCID: PMC8445599 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dephosphorylation of lamin A, which triggers nuclear lamina reconstitution, is crucial for the completion of mitosis. However, the specific phosphatase and regulatory mechanism that allow timely lamin A dephosphorylation remain unclear. Here, we report that RepoMan (also known as CDCA2), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ) is transiently modified with SUMO-2 at K762 during late telophase. SUMOylation of RepoMan markedly enhanced its binding affinity with lamin A. Moreover, SUMOylated RepoMan contributes to lamin A recruitment to telophase chromosomes and dephosphorylation of the mitotic lamin A phosphorylation. Expression of a SUMO-2 mutant that has a defective interaction with the SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) resulted in failure of the lamin A and RepoMan association, along with abrogation of lamin A dephosphorylation and subsequent nuclear lamina formation. These findings strongly suggest that RepoMan recruits lamin A through SUMO–SIM interaction. Thus, transient SUMOylation of RepoMan plays an important role in the spatiotemporal regulation of lamin A dephosphorylation and the subsequent nuclear lamina formation at the end of mitosis. Summary: Transient SUMOylation of RepoMan controls the recruitment of lamin A to telophase chromosomes, lamin A dephosphorylation and nuclear lamina formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Moriuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hirose
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
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28
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Aurora-B phosphorylates the myosin II heavy chain to promote cytokinesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101024. [PMID: 34343568 PMCID: PMC8385403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the final step of mitosis, is mediated by an actomyosin contractile ring, the formation of which is temporally and spatially regulated following anaphase onset. Aurora-B is a member of the chromosomal passenger complex, which regulates various processes during mitosis; it is not understood, however, how Aurora-B is involved in cytokinesis. Here, we show that Aurora-B and myosin-IIB form a complex in vivo during telophase. Aurora-B phosphorylates the myosin-IIB rod domain at threonine 1847 (T1847), abrogating the ability of myosin-IIB monomers to form filaments. Furthermore, phosphorylation of myosin-IIB filaments by Aurora-B also promotes filament disassembly. We show that myosin-IIB possessing a phosphomimetic mutation at T1847 was unable to rescue cytokinesis failure caused by myosin-IIB depletion. Cells expressing a phosphoresistant mutation at T1847 had significantly longer intercellular bridges, implying that Aurora-B-mediated phosphorylation of myosin-IIB is important for abscission. We propose that myosin-IIB is a substrate of Aurora-B and reveal a new mechanism of myosin-IIB regulation by Aurora-B in the late stages of mitosis.
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29
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Garcia YA, Velasquez EF, Gao LW, Gholkar AA, Clutario KM, Cheung K, Williams-Hamilton T, Whitelegge JP, Torres JZ. Mapping Proximity Associations of Core Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Proteins. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3414-3427. [PMID: 34087075 PMCID: PMC8256817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is critical for sensing defective microtubule-kinetochore attachments and tension across the kinetochore and functions to arrest cells in prometaphase to allow time to repair any errors before proceeding into anaphase. Dysregulation of the SAC leads to chromosome segregation errors that have been linked to human diseases like cancer. Although much has been learned about the composition of the SAC and the factors that regulate its activity, the proximity associations of core SAC components have not been explored in a systematic manner. Here, we have taken a BioID2-proximity-labeling proteomic approach to define the proximity protein environment for each of the five core SAC proteins BUB1, BUB3, BUBR1, MAD1L1, and MAD2L1 in mitotic-enriched populations of cells where the SAC is active. These five protein association maps were integrated to generate a SAC proximity protein network that contains multiple layers of information related to core SAC protein complexes, protein-protein interactions, and proximity associations. Our analysis validated many known SAC complexes and protein-protein interactions. Additionally, it uncovered new protein associations, including the ELYS-MAD1L1 interaction that we have validated, which lend insight into the functioning of core SAC proteins and highlight future areas of investigation to better understand the SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenni A. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Erick F. Velasquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Lucy W. Gao
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and
Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of
Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
90095, United States
| | - Ankur A. Gholkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Kevin M. Clutario
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Keith Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Taylor Williams-Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and
Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of
Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
90095, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of
California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United
States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Jorge Z. Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of
California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United
States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
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30
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Protein phosphatase 1 regulates atypical mitotic and meiotic division in Plasmodium sexual stages. Commun Biol 2021; 4:760. [PMID: 34145386 PMCID: PMC8213788 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PP1 is a conserved eukaryotic serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates many aspects of mitosis and meiosis, often working in concert with other phosphatases, such as CDC14 and CDC25. The proliferative stages of the malaria parasite life cycle include sexual development within the mosquito vector, with male gamete formation characterized by an atypical rapid mitosis, consisting of three rounds of DNA synthesis, successive spindle formation with clustered kinetochores, and a meiotic stage during zygote to ookinete development following fertilization. It is unclear how PP1 is involved in these unusual processes. Using real-time live-cell and ultrastructural imaging, conditional gene knockdown, RNA-seq and proteomic approaches, we show that Plasmodium PP1 is implicated in both mitotic exit and, potentially, establishing cell polarity during zygote development in the mosquito midgut, suggesting that small molecule inhibitors of PP1 should be explored for blocking parasite transmission.
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31
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Cossa G, Parua PK, Eilers M, Fisher RP. Protein phosphatases in the RNAPII transcription cycle: erasers, sculptors, gatekeepers, and potential drug targets. Genes Dev 2021; 35:658-676. [PMID: 33888562 PMCID: PMC8091971 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348315.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review, Cossa et al. discuss the current knowledge and outstanding questions about phosphatases in the context of the RNAPII transcription cycle. The transcription cycle of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is governed at multiple points by opposing actions of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and protein phosphatases, in a process with similarities to the cell division cycle. While important roles of the kinases have been established, phosphatases have emerged more slowly as key players in transcription, and large gaps remain in understanding of their precise functions and targets. Much of the earlier work focused on the roles and regulation of sui generis and often atypical phosphatases—FCP1, Rtr1/RPAP2, and SSU72—with seemingly dedicated functions in RNAPII transcription. Decisive roles in the transcription cycle have now been uncovered for members of the major phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family, including PP1, PP2A, and PP4—abundant enzymes with pleiotropic roles in cellular signaling pathways. These phosphatases appear to act principally at the transitions between transcription cycle phases, ensuring fine control of elongation and termination. Much is still unknown, however, about the division of labor among the PPP family members, and their possible regulation by or of the transcriptional kinases. CDKs active in transcription have recently drawn attention as potential therapeutic targets in cancer and other diseases, raising the prospect that the phosphatases might also present opportunities for new drug development. Here we review the current knowledge and outstanding questions about phosphatases in the context of the RNAPII transcription cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cossa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pabitra K Parua
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Martin Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert P Fisher
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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32
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Abstract
Microtubule attachments to kinetochores cause their deformation - a murky phenomenon known as intra-kinetochore stretching. A new study proposes that intra-kinetochore stretching is independent of microtubule-pulling forces and mediates efficient spindle assembly checkpoint silencing to prevent chromosomal instability.
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33
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Molecular switch architecture determines response properties of signaling pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2013401118. [PMID: 33688042 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013401118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many intracellular signaling pathways are composed of molecular switches, proteins that transition between two states-on and off Typically, signaling is initiated when an external stimulus activates its cognate receptor that, in turn, causes downstream switches to transition from off to on using one of the following mechanisms: activation, in which the transition rate from the off state to the on state increases; derepression, in which the transition rate from the on state to the off state decreases; and concerted, in which activation and derepression operate simultaneously. We use mathematical modeling to compare these signaling mechanisms in terms of their dose-response curves, response times, and abilities to process upstream fluctuations. Our analysis elucidates several operating principles for molecular switches. First, activation increases the sensitivity of the pathway, whereas derepression decreases sensitivity. Second, activation generates response times that decrease with signal strength, whereas derepression causes response times to increase with signal strength. These opposing features allow the concerted mechanism to not only show dose-response alignment, but also to decouple the response time from stimulus strength. However, these potentially beneficial properties come at the expense of increased susceptibility to upstream fluctuations. We demonstrate that these operating principles also hold when the models are extended to include additional features, such as receptor removal, kinetic proofreading, and cascades of switches. In total, we show how the architecture of molecular switches govern their response properties. We also discuss the biological implications of our findings.
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34
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Bloomfield M, Chen J, Cimini D. Spindle Architectural Features Must Be Considered Along With Cell Size to Explain the Timing of Mitotic Checkpoint Silencing. Front Physiol 2021; 11:596263. [PMID: 33584330 PMCID: PMC7877541 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis proceeds through a defined series of events that is largely conserved, but the amount of time needed for their completion can vary in different cells and organisms. In many systems, mitotic duration depends on the time required to satisfy and silence the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), also known as the mitotic checkpoint. Because SAC silencing involves trafficking SAC molecules among kinetochores, spindle, and cytoplasm, the size and geometry of the spindle relative to cell volume are expected to affect mitotic duration by influencing the timing of SAC silencing. However, the relationship between SAC silencing, cell size, and spindle dimensions is unclear. To investigate this issue, we used four DLD-1 tetraploid (4N) clones characterized by small or large nuclear and cell size. We found that the small 4N clones had longer mitotic durations than the parental DLD-1 cells and that this delay was due to differences in their metaphase duration. Leveraging a previous mathematical model for spatiotemporal regulation of SAC silencing, we show that the difference in metaphase duration, i.e., SAC silencing time, can be explained by the distinct spindle microtubule densities and sizes of the cell, spindle, and spindle poles in the 4N clones. Lastly, we demonstrate that manipulating spindle geometry can alter mitotic and metaphase duration, consistent with a model prediction. Our results suggest that spindle size does not always scale with cell size in mammalian cells and cell size is not sufficient to explain the differences in metaphase duration. Only when a number of spindle architectural features are considered along with cell size can the kinetics of SAC silencing, and hence mitotic duration, in the different clones be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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35
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Rosendo-Pineda MJ, Vicente JJ, Vivas O, Pacheco J, Loza-Huerta A, Sampieri A, Wordeman L, Moreno C, Vaca L. Phosphorylation of NMDA receptors by cyclin B/CDK1 modulates calcium dynamics and mitosis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:665. [PMID: 33184446 PMCID: PMC7665045 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are glutamate-gated calcium channels named after their artificial agonist. NMDAR are implicated in cell proliferation under normal and pathophysiological conditions. However, the role of NMDAR during mitosis has not yet been explored in individual cells. We found that neurotransmitter-evoked calcium entry via endogenous NMDAR in cortical astrocytes was transient during mitosis. The same occurred in HEK293 cells transfected with the NR1/NR2A subunits of NMDAR. This transient calcium entry during mitosis was due to phosphorylation of the first intracellular loop of NMDAR (S584 of NR1 and S580 of NR2A) by cyclin B/CDK1. Expression of phosphomimetic mutants resulted in transient calcium influx and enhanced NMDAR inactivation independent of the cell cycle phase. Phosphomimetic mutants increased entry of calcium in interphase and generated several alterations during mitosis: increased mitotic index, increased number of cells with lagging chromosomes and fragmentation of pericentriolar material. In summary, by controlling cytosolic calcium, NMDAR modulate mitosis and probably cell differentiation/proliferation. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of NMDAR by cyclin B/CDK1 during mitosis is required to preserve mitotic fidelity. Altering the modulation of the NMDAR by cyclin B/CDK1 may conduct to aneuploidy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Jesus Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan Pacheco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Arlet Loza-Huerta
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sampieri
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Claudia Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Luis Vaca
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF, 04510, Mexico.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Wake-sleep cycles are severely disrupted by diseases affecting cytoplasmic homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28402-28411. [PMID: 33106420 PMCID: PMC7668169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003524117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms including wake-sleep cycles are driven by molecular time cues generated by a self-sustaining transcriptional negative feedback loop. Among all clock proteins, PERIOD (PER) is considered the pacemaker protein because its rhythm of accumulation and nuclear entry generates the timing and duration of feedback inhibition. Here we provide a new understanding of how robust PER rhythms are generated: the collective action of interacting PER molecules, not a random mass action of individual molecules, allows compensation of spatial and temporal differences (or “noise”) of individual molecules. We also show that the collective PER rhythm requires healthy cytoplasmic trafficking, and that circadian sleep disorders can arise in such conditions as obesity, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders in which the cytoplasm becomes congested. The circadian clock is based on a transcriptional feedback loop with an essential time delay before feedback inhibition. Previous work has shown that PERIOD (PER) proteins generate circadian time cues through rhythmic nuclear accumulation of the inhibitor complex and subsequent interaction with the activator complex in the feedback loop. Although this temporal manifestation of the feedback inhibition is the direct consequence of PER’s cytoplasmic trafficking before nuclear entry, how this spatial regulation of the pacemaker affects circadian timing has been largely unexplored. Here we show that circadian rhythms, including wake-sleep cycles, are lengthened and severely unstable if the cytoplasmic trafficking of PER is disrupted by any disease condition that leads to increased congestion in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that the time delay and robustness in the circadian clock are seamlessly generated by delayed and collective phosphorylation of PER molecules, followed by synchronous nuclear entry. These results provide clear mechanistic insight into why circadian and sleep disorders arise in such clinical conditions as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and aging, in which the cytoplasm is congested.
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37
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Lu Z, Xiao P, Zhou Y, Li Z, Yu X, Sun J, Shen Y, Zhao B. Identification of HN252 as a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase PPM1B. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13463-13471. [PMID: 33048454 PMCID: PMC7701510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1B (PPM1B), a member of metal-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase family, is involved in the regulation of several signalling pathways. However, our understanding of its substrate interaction and physiological functions is still largely limited. There is no reported PPM1B inhibitor to date. In this study, we identified HN252, a p-terphenyl derivative, as a potent PPM1B inhibitor (Ki = 0.52 ± 0.06 µM). HN252 binding to PPM1B displayed remarkable and specific inhibition of PPM1B in both in vitro and ex vivo. With the aid of this small molecular inhibitor, we identified 30 proteins' serine/threonine phosphorylation as potential substrates of PPM1B, 5 of which were demonstrated by immunoprecipitation, including one known (CDK2) and 4 novel ones (AKT1, HSP90B, β-catenin and BRCA1). Furthermore, GO and KEGG analysis of dramatically phosphorylated proteins by PPM1B inhibition indicated that PPM1B plays roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes and signalling pathways, such as gene transcription, inflammatory regulation, ageing and tumorigenesis. Our work provides novel insights into further investigation of molecular mechanisms of PPM1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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38
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Mitotic ER Exit Site Disassembly and Reassembly Are Regulated by the Phosphorylation Status of TANGO1. Dev Cell 2020; 55:237-250.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Touati SA, Hofbauer L, Jones AW, Snijders AP, Kelly G, Uhlmann F. Cdc14 and PP2A Phosphatases Cooperate to Shape Phosphoproteome Dynamics during Mitotic Exit. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2105-2119.e4. [PMID: 31722221 PMCID: PMC6857435 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal control over protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation and for completion of the cell division cycle during exit from mitosis. In budding yeast, the Cdc14 phosphatase is thought to be a major regulator at this time, while in higher eukaryotes PP2A phosphatases take a dominant role. Here, we use time-resolved phosphoproteome analysis in budding yeast to evaluate the respective contributions of Cdc14, PP2ACdc55, and PP2ARts1. This reveals an overlapping requirement for all three phosphatases during mitotic progression. Our time-resolved phosphoproteome resource reveals how Cdc14 instructs the sequential pattern of phosphorylation changes, in part through preferential recognition of serine-based cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) substrates. PP2ACdc55 and PP2ARts1 in turn exhibit a broad substrate spectrum with some selectivity for phosphothreonines and a role for PP2ARts1 in sustaining Aurora kinase activity. These results illustrate synergy and coordination between phosphatases as they orchestrate phosphoproteome dynamics during mitotic progression. Cdc14, PP2ACdc55, and PP2ARts1 phosphatases cooperate during budding yeast mitosis Cdc14 targets serine Cdk motifs for rapid dephosphorylation PP2ACdc55 dephosphorylates Cdk and Plk substrates on threonine residues PP2ARts1 displays regulatory crosstalk with Aurora kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Touati
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Lorena Hofbauer
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew W Jones
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Frank Uhlmann
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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40
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Liu X, Zhang Q, Knoll W, Liedberg B, Wang Y. Rational Design of Functional Peptide-Gold Hybrid Nanomaterials for Molecular Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000866. [PMID: 32743897 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively used for decades in biosensing-related development due to outstanding optical properties. Peptides, as newly realized functional biomolecules, are promising candidates of replacing antibodies, receptors, and substrates for specific molecular interactions. Both peptides and AuNPs are robust and easily synthesized at relatively low cost. Hence, peptide-AuNP-based bio-nano-technological approaches have drawn increasing interest, especially in the field of molecular targeting, cell imaging, drug delivery, and therapy. Many excellent works in these areas have been reported: demonstrating novel ideas, exploring new targets, and facilitating advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. Importantly, some of them also have been employed to address real practical problems, especially in remote and less privileged areas. This contribution focuses on the application of peptide-gold hybrid nanomaterials for various molecular interactions, especially in biosensing/diagnostics and cell targeting/imaging, as well as for the development of highly active antimicrobial/antifouling coating strategies. Rationally designed peptide-gold nanomaterials with functional properties are discussed along with future challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Road 270, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road 16, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Road 270, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road 16, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Road 270, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road 16, Wenzhou, 325001, China
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41
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Castellano-Pozo M, Pacheco S, Sioutas G, Jaso-Tamame AL, Dore MH, Karimi MM, Martinez-Perez E. Surveillance of cohesin-supported chromosome structure controls meiotic progression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4345. [PMID: 32859945 PMCID: PMC7455720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome movements and programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) promote homologue pairing and initiate recombination at meiosis onset. Meiotic progression involves checkpoint-controlled termination of these events when all homologue pairs achieve synapsis and form crossover precursors. Exploiting the temporo-spatial organisation of the C. elegans germline and time-resolved methods of protein removal, we show that surveillance of the synaptonemal complex (SC) controls meiotic progression. In nuclei with fully synapsed homologues and crossover precursors, removing different meiosis-specific cohesin complexes, which are individually required for SC stability, or a SC central region component causes functional redeployment of the chromosome movement and DSB machinery, triggering whole-nucleus reorganisation. This apparent reversal of the meiotic programme requires CHK-2 kinase reactivation via signalling from chromosome axes containing HORMA proteins, but occurs in the absence of transcriptional changes. Our results uncover an unexpected plasticity of the meiotic programme and show how chromosome signalling orchestrates nuclear organisation and meiotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarai Pacheco
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Marian H Dore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Enrique Martinez-Perez
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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42
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A stochastic model for error correction of kinetochore-microtubule attachments in budding yeast. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236293. [PMID: 32760074 PMCID: PMC7410253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To divide replicated chromosomes equally between daughter cells, kinetochores must attach to microtubules emanating from opposite poles of the mitotic spindle (biorientation). An error correction mechanism facilitates this process by destabilizing erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Here we present a stochastic model of kinetochore-microtubule attachments, via an essential protein Ndc80 in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using the model, we calculate the stochastic dynamics of a pair of sister kinetochores as they transition among different attachment states. First of all, we determine the kinase-to-phosphatase balance point that maximizes the probability of biorientation, while starting from an erroneous attachment state. We find that the balance point is sensitive to the rates of microtubule-Ndc80 dissociation and derive an approximate analytical formula that defines the balance point. Secondly, we determine the probability of transition from low-tension amphitelic to monotelic attachment and find that, despite this probability being approximately 33%, biorientation can be achieved with high probability. Thirdly, we calculate the contribution of the geometrical orientation of sister kinetochores to the probability of biorientation and show that, in the absence of geometrical orientation, the biorientation error rate is much larger than that observed in experiments. Finally, we study the coupling of the error correction mechanism to the spindle assembly checkpoint by calculating the average binding of checkpoint-related proteins to the kinetochore during the error correction process.
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Jackman M, Marcozzi C, Barbiero M, Pardo M, Yu L, Tyson AL, Choudhary JS, Pines J. Cyclin B1-Cdk1 facilitates MAD1 release from the nuclear pore to ensure a robust spindle checkpoint. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201907082. [PMID: 32236513 PMCID: PMC7265330 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How the cell rapidly and completely reorganizes its architecture when it divides is a problem that has fascinated researchers for almost 150 yr. We now know that the core regulatory machinery is highly conserved in eukaryotes, but how these multiple protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and ubiquitin ligases are coordinated in space and time to remodel the cell in a matter of minutes remains a major question. Cyclin B1-Cdk is the primary kinase that drives mitotic remodeling; here we show that it is targeted to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by binding an acidic face of the kinetochore checkpoint protein, MAD1, where it coordinates NPC disassembly with kinetochore assembly. Localized cyclin B1-Cdk1 is needed for the proper release of MAD1 from the embrace of TPR at the nuclear pore so that it can be recruited to kinetochores before nuclear envelope breakdown to maintain genomic stability.
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44
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Curtis NL, Ruda GF, Brennan P, Bolanos-Garcia VM. Deregulation of Chromosome Segregation and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an intricate cell signaling system that ensures the high fidelity and timely segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Mistakes in this process can lead to the loss, gain, or rearrangement of the genetic material. Gross chromosomal aberrations are usually lethal but can cause birth and development defects as well as cancer. Despite advances in the identification of SAC protein components, important details of the interactions underpinning chromosome segregation regulation remain to be established. This review discusses the current understanding of the function, structure, mode of regulation, and dynamics of the assembly and disassembly of SAC subcomplexes, which ultimately safeguard the accurate transmission of a stable genome to descendants. We also discuss how diverse oncoviruses take control of human cell division by exploiting the SAC and the potential of this signaling circuitry as a pool of drug targets to develop effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Curtis
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Gian Filippo Ruda
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Victor M. Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
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45
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Carlton JG, Jones H, Eggert US. Membrane and organelle dynamics during cell division. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:151-166. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Manzione MG, Rombouts J, Steklov M, Pasquali L, Sablina A, Gelens L, Qian J, Bollen M. Co-regulation of the antagonistic RepoMan:Aurora-B pair in proliferating cells. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:419-438. [PMID: 31967936 PMCID: PMC7185888 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-12-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation during mitosis is antagonistically regulated by the Aurora-B kinase and RepoMan (recruits PP1 onto mitotic chromatin at anaphase)-associated phosphatases PP1/PP2A. Aurora B is overexpressed in many cancers but, surprisingly, this only rarely causes lethal aneuploidy. Here we show that RepoMan abundance is regulated by the same mechanisms that control Aurora B, including FOXM1-regulated expression and proteasomal degradation following ubiquitination by APC/C-CDH1 or SCFFBXW7. The deregulation of these mechanisms can account for the balanced co-overexpression of Aurora B and RepoMan in many cancers, which limits chromosome segregation errors. In addition, Aurora B and RepoMan independently promote cancer cell proliferation by reducing checkpoint-induced cell-cycle arrest during interphase. The co–up-regulation of RepoMan and Aurora B in tumors is inversely correlated with patient survival, underscoring its potential importance for tumor progression. Finally, we demonstrate that high RepoMan levels sensitize cancer cells to Aurora-B inhibitors. Hence, the co–up-regulation of RepoMan and Aurora B is associated with tumor aggressiveness but also exposes a vulnerable target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Rombouts
- Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Steklov
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sablina
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lendert Gelens
- Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junbin Qian
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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47
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Bel Borja L, Soubigou F, Taylor SJP, Fraguas Bringas C, Budrewicz J, Lara-Gonzalez P, Sorensen Turpin CG, Bembenek JN, Cheerambathur DK, Pelisch F. BUB-1 targets PP2A:B56 to regulate chromosome congression during meiosis I in C. elegans oocytes. eLife 2020; 9:65307. [PMID: 33355089 PMCID: PMC7787666 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimer composed of scaffolding (A), catalytic (C), and regulatory (B) subunits. PP2A complexes with B56 subunits are targeted by Shugoshin and BUBR1 to protect centromeric cohesion and stabilise kinetochore-microtubule attachments in yeast and mouse meiosis. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the closest BUBR1 orthologue lacks the B56-interaction domain and Shugoshin is not required for meiotic segregation. Therefore, the role of PP2A in C. elegans female meiosis is unknown. We report that PP2A is essential for meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome dynamics during C. elegans female meiosis. BUB-1 is the main chromosome-targeting factor for B56 subunits during prometaphase I. BUB-1 recruits PP2A:B56 to the chromosomes via a newly identified LxxIxE motif in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and this recruitment is important for proper chromosome congression. Our results highlight a novel mechanism for B56 recruitment, essential for recruiting a pool of PP2A involved in chromosome congression during meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bel Borja
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Flavie Soubigou
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Samuel J P Taylor
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Conchita Fraguas Bringas
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Budrewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchSan DiegoUnited States,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchSan DiegoUnited States,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | | | - Joshua N Bembenek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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48
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Sherwin D, Wang Y. The Opposing Functions of Protein Kinases and Phosphatases in Chromosome Bipolar Attachment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246182. [PMID: 31817904 PMCID: PMC6940769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division is essential to maintain genome integrity in all eukaryotic cells, and chromosome missegregation leads to aneuploidy and therefore represents a hallmark of many cancers. Accurate segregation requires sister kinetochores to attach to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, known as bipolar attachment or biorientation. Recent studies have uncovered several mechanisms critical to chromosome bipolar attachment. First, a mechanism exists to ensure that the conformation of sister centromeres is biased toward bipolar attachment. Second, the phosphorylation of some kinetochore proteins destabilizes kinetochore attachment to facilitate error correction, but a protein phosphatase reverses this phosphorylation. Moreover, the activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint is regulated by kinases and phosphatases at the kinetochore, and this checkpoint prevents anaphase entry in response to faulty kinetochore attachment. The fine-tuned kinase/phosphatase balance at kinetochores is crucial for faithful chromosome segregation during both mitosis and meiosis. Here, we discuss the function and regulation of protein phosphatases in the establishment of chromosome bipolar attachment with a focus on the model organism budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanchang Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-644-0402; Fax: +1-850-644-5781
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49
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Abad MA, Ruppert JG, Buzuk L, Wear M, Zou J, Webb KM, Kelly DA, Voigt P, Rappsilber J, Earnshaw WC, Jeyaprakash AA. Borealin-nucleosome interaction secures chromosome association of the chromosomal passenger complex. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3912-3925. [PMID: 31570499 PMCID: PMC6891087 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome association of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC; consisting of Borealin, Survivin, INCENP, and the Aurora B kinase) is essential to achieve error-free chromosome segregation during cell division. Hence, understanding the mechanisms driving the chromosome association of the CPC is of paramount importance. Here using a multifaceted approach, we show that the CPC binds nucleosomes through a multivalent interaction predominantly involving Borealin. Strikingly, Survivin, previously suggested to target the CPC to centromeres, failed to bind nucleosomes on its own and requires Borealin and INCENP for its binding. Disrupting Borealin-nucleosome interactions excluded the CPC from chromosomes and caused chromosome congression defects. We also show that Borealin-mediated chromosome association of the CPC is critical for Haspin- and Bub1-mediated centromere enrichment of the CPC and works upstream of the latter. Our work thus establishes Borealin as a master regulator determining the chromosome association and function of the CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jan G Ruppert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Lana Buzuk
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin Wear
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kim M Webb
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David A Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Philipp Voigt
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Technical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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50
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Crncec A, Hochegger H. Triggering mitosis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2868-2888. [PMID: 31602636 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Entry into mitosis is triggered by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). This simple reaction rapidly and irreversibly sets the cell up for division. Even though the core step in triggering mitosis is so simple, the regulation of this cellular switch is highly complex, involving a large number of interconnected signalling cascades. We do have a detailed knowledge of most of the components of this network, but only a poor understanding of how they work together to create a precise and robust system that ensures that mitosis is triggered at the right time and in an orderly fashion. In this review, we will give an overview of the literature that describes the Cdk1 activation network and then address questions relating to the systems biology of this switch. How is the timing of the trigger controlled? How is mitosis insulated from interphase? What determines the sequence of events, following the initial trigger of Cdk1 activation? Which elements ensure robustness in the timing and execution of the switch? How has this system been adapted to the high levels of replication stress in cancer cells?
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijana Crncec
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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