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Chawla S, Oster H, Duffield GE, Maronde E, Guido ME, Chabot C, Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Provencio I, Goel N, Youngstedt SD, Zi-Ching Mak N, Caba M, Nikhat A, Chakrabarti S, Wang L, Davis SJ. Reflections on Several Landmark Advances in Circadian Biology. J Circadian Rhythms 2024; 22:1. [PMID: 38617711 PMCID: PMC11011952 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian Biology intersects with diverse scientific domains, intricately woven into the fabric of organismal physiology and behavior. The rhythmic orchestration of life by the circadian clock serves as a focal point for researchers across disciplines. This retrospective examination delves into several of the scientific milestones that have fundamentally shaped our contemporary understanding of circadian rhythms. From deciphering the complexities of clock genes at a cellular level to exploring the nuances of coupled oscillators in whole organism responses to stimuli. The field has undergone significant evolution lately guided by genetics approaches. Our exploration here considers key moments in the circadian-research landscape, elucidating the trajectory of this discipline with a keen eye on scientific advancements and paradigm shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center for Brain, Behavior & Metabolism (CBBM), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, DE
| | - Giles E. Duffield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, Galvin Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, US
| | - Erik Maronde
- Institut für Anatomie II, Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai-7, 60590 Frankfurt, DE
| | - Mario E. Guido
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, AR
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, AR
| | - Christopher Chabot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH 03264, US
| | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1, 18 Avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69500, Bron, FR
| | - Ignacio Provencio
- Department of Biology and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, US
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Shawn D. Youngstedt
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, US
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, US
| | | | - Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver., MX
| | - Anjoom Nikhat
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, IN
| | - Shaon Chakrabarti
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, IN
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, CN
| | - Seth J. Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO105DD, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, CN
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Lakin-Thomas P. The Case for the Target of Rapamycin Pathway as a Candidate Circadian Oscillator. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13307. [PMID: 37686112 PMCID: PMC10488232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that drive circadian (24 h) rhythmicity have been investigated for many decades, but we still do not have a complete picture of eukaryotic circadian systems. Although the transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) model has been the primary focus of research, there are many examples of circadian rhythms that persist when TTFLs are not functioning, and we lack any good candidates for the non-TTFL oscillators driving these rhythms. In this hypothesis-driven review, the author brings together several lines of evidence pointing towards the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway as a good candidate for a non-TTFL oscillator. TOR is a ubiquitous regulator of metabolism in eukaryotes and recent focus in circadian research on connections between metabolism and rhythms makes TOR an attractive candidate oscillator. In this paper, the evidence for a role for TOR in regulating rhythmicity is reviewed, and the advantages of TOR as a potential oscillator are discussed. Evidence for extensive feedback regulation of TOR provides potential mechanisms for a TOR-driven oscillator. Comparison with ultradian yeast metabolic cycles provides an example of a potential TOR-driven self-sustained oscillation. Unanswered questions and problems to be addressed by future research are discussed.
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Cao XM, Kang WD, Xia TH, Yuan SB, Guo CA, Wang WJ, Liu HB. High expression of the circadian clock gene NPAS2 is associated with progression and poor prognosis of gastric cancer: A single-center study. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3645-3657. [PMID: 37398880 PMCID: PMC10311614 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i23.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic assessment of patients after surgical resection of gastric cancer (GC) patients is critical. However, the role of the circadian clock gene NPAS2 expression in GC remains unknown.
AIM To explore the relationship between NPAS2 and the survival prognosis of GC patients and clarify its role in evaluating GC prognosis.
METHODS The tumor tissues and clinical data of 101 patients with GC were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to detect the expression of NPAS2 protein in GC and adjacent tissues. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors of GC, and a nomogram prediction model was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the ROC area under the curve, the calibration curve, and C-index were used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of the model. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to compare the risk stratification of subgroups according to the median score in the nomogram model of each patient.
RESULTS Microarray IHC analysis showed that the positive rate of NPAS2 protein expression in GC tissues was 65.35%, which was significantly higher than 30.69% in adjacent tissues. The high expression of NPAS2 was correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P < 0.05), pN stage (P < 0.05), metastasis (P < 0.05), venous invasion (P < 0.05), lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05), and lymph node positive (P < 0.05) of GC. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that the 3-year overall survival (OS) of patients with high NPAS2 expression was significantly shortened (P < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis showed that TNM stage (P = 0.009), metastasis (P = 0.009), and NPAS2 expression (P = 0.020) were independent prognostic factors of OS in GC patients for 3 years. The nomogram prediction model based on independent prognostic factors has a C-Index of 0.740 (95%CI: 0.713-0.767). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that the 3-year OS time of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION NPAS2 is highly expressed in GC tissues and is closely related to worse OS in patients. Therefore, the evaluation of NPAS2 expression may be a potential marker for GC prognosis evaluation. Notably, the nomogram model based on NPAS2 can improve the accuracy of GC prognosis prediction and assist clinicians in postoperative patient management and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Di Kang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tian-Hong Xia
- Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine college, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shao-Bin Yuan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chang-An Guo
- Department of Emergency, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China.
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Dasari SS, Archer M, Mohamed NE, Tewari AK, Figueiro MG, Kyprianou N. Circadian Rhythm Disruption as a Contributor to Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205116. [PMID: 36291899 PMCID: PMC9600368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, African American (AA) men have a 2.4 times higher mortality rate due to prostate cancer than White men. The multifactorial causes of the racial disparities in prostate cancer involve various social determinants of health, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare. However, emerging evidence also suggests that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) contributes to prostate cancer, and AA men may be more susceptible to developing CRDs. Circadian rhythms play a significant role in metabolism, hormone secretion, and sleep/wake cycles. Disruption in these circadian rhythms can be caused by airplane travel/jetlag, night shift work, exposure to light, and neighborhood noise levels, which can contribute to sleep disorders and chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and depression. The drivers of the racial disparities in CRD include night shift work, racial discrimination, elevated stress, and residing in poor neighborhoods characterized by high noise pollution. Given the increased vulnerability of AA men to CRDs, and the role that CRDs play in prostate cancer, elucidating the clock-related prostate cancer pathways and their behavior and environmental covariates may be critical to better understanding and reducing the racial disparities in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S. Dasari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maddison Archer
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nihal E. Mohamed
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashutosh K. Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mariana G. Figueiro
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.F.); (N.K.)
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Wang Q, Yu P, Liu C, He X, Wang G. Mitochondrial fragmentation in liver cancer: Emerging player and promising therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett 2022; 549:215912. [PMID: 36103914 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation (MF) is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. However, its molecular mechanism in HCC remains elusive. Although enhanced MF activates effector T cells and dendritic cells, it induces immunoescape by decreasing the number and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in the HCC immune microenvironment. Therefore, the influence of MF on the activity of different immune cells is a great challenge. Enhanced MF contributes to maintaining stemness by promoting the asymmetric division of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs), suggesting that MF may become a potential target for HCC recurrence, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, mechanistic studies suggest that MF may promote tumour progression through autophagy, oxidative stress, and metabolic reprogramming. Human-induced hepatocyte organoids are a recently developed system that can be genetically manipulated to mimic cancer initiation and identify potential preventive treatments. We can use it to screen MF-related candidate inhibitors of HCC progression and further explore the role of MF in hepatocarcinogenesis. We herein describe the mechanisms by which MF contributes to HCC development, discuss potential therapeutic approaches, and highlight the possibility that MF modulation has a synergistic effect with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Pengfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 74th Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, 510318, China.
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Hollis HC, Francis JN, Anafi RC. Multi-tissue transcriptional changes and core circadian clock disruption following intensive care. Front Physiol 2022; 13:942704. [PMID: 36045754 PMCID: PMC9420996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.942704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Both critical illness and current care have been hypothesized to upset daily rhythms and impair molecular circadian function. However, the influence of critical illness on clock function in different tissues and on circadian output genes are unknown. Here we evaluate the effect of critical care and illness on transcription, focusing on the functional organization of the core circadian oscillator. Methods: We downloaded RNAseq count data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Treating mechanical ventilation as a marker for intensive care, we stratified samples into acute death (AD) and intensive care (IC) groups based on the documented Hardy Death Scale. We restricted our analysis to the 25 tissues with >50 samples in each group. Using the edgeR package and controlling for collection center, gender, and age, we identified transcripts differentially expressed between the AD and IC groups. Overrepresentation and enrichment methods were used to identify gene sets modulated by intensive care across tissues. For each tissue, we then calculated the delta clock correlation distance (ΔCCD), a comparative measure of the functional organization of the core circadian oscillator, in the both the AD and IC groups. The statistical significance of the ΔCCD was assessed by permutation, modifying a pre-existing R package to control for confounding variables. Results: Intensive care, as marked by ventilation, significantly modulated the expression of thousands of genes. Transcripts that were modulated in ≥75% of tissues were enriched for genes involved in mitochondrial energetics, cellular stress, metabolism, and notably circadian regulation. Transcripts that were more markedly affected, in ≥10 tissues, were enriched for inflammation, complement and immune pathways. Oscillator organization, as assessed by ΔCCD, was significantly reduced in the intensive care group in 11/25 tissues. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that patients in intensive care have impaired molecular circadian rhythms. Tissues involved in metabolism and energetics demonstrated the most marked changes in oscillator organization. In adipose tissue, there was a significant overlap between transcripts previously established to be modulated by sleep deprivation and fasting with those modulated by critical care. This work suggests that intensive care protocols that restore sleep/wake and nutritional rhythms may be of benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C. Hollis
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julian N. Francis
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ron C. Anafi
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Ron C. Anafi,
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Circadian and Immunity Cycle Talk in Cancer Destination: From Biological Aspects to In Silico Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061578. [PMID: 35326729 PMCID: PMC8945968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The circadian cycle is a natural cycle of the body repeated every 24 h, based on a day and night rhythm, and it affects many body processes. The present article reviews the importance and role of the circadian cycle in cancer and its association with the immune system and immunotherapy drugs at the cellular and molecular levels. It also examines the genes and cellular pathways involved in both circadian and immune systems. It offers possible computational solutions to increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment concerning the circadian cycle. Abstract Cancer is the leading cause of death and a major problem to increasing life expectancy worldwide. In recent years, various approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapies, and the newest pillar, immunotherapy, have been developed to treat cancer. Among key factors impacting the effectiveness of treatment, the administration of drugs based on the circadian rhythm in a person and within individuals can significantly elevate drug efficacy, reduce adverse effects, and prevent drug resistance. Circadian clocks also affect various physiological processes such as the sleep cycle, body temperature cycle, digestive and cardiovascular processes, and endocrine and immune systems. In recent years, to achieve precision patterns for drug administration using computational methods, the interaction of the effects of drugs and their cellular pathways has been considered more seriously. Integrated data-derived pathological images and genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses have provided an understanding of the molecular basis of cancer and dramatically revealed interactions between circadian and immunity cycles. Here, we describe crosstalk between the circadian cycle signaling pathway and immunity cycle in cancer and discuss how tumor microenvironment affects the influence on treatment process based on individuals’ genetic differences. Moreover, we highlight recent advances in computational modeling that pave the way for personalized immune chronotherapy.
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Li R, Xiao J, Cao Y, Huang Q, Ho CT, Lu M. Capsaicin Attenuates Oleic Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation via the Regulation of Circadian Clock Genes in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:794-803. [PMID: 34964356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the major component in red chili peppers, capsaicin is useful in the prevention of lipid metabolism disorders. In this study, the attenuation effect of capsaicin on oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells was evaluated with respect to circadian clock gene expressions. Lipid profiles, including triacylglycerols, total cholesterols, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and aspartate aminotransferase content, were measured using enzymatic assay kits. The mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular redox status, and lipid droplet morphology were also determined using different assay kits and staining methods. The mRNA and protein expressions of core circadian clock genes and major lipometabolism-related factors were assessed using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results showed that 50 μM capsaicin alleviated the circadian desynchrony and inhibited OA-induced ROS overproduction (from 166.44 ± 12.63% to 119.90 ± 5.43%) and mitochondrial dysfunction (from 0.60 ± 0.08 to 0.83 ± 0.09, represented by the red/green fluorescence ratio) in HepG2 cells. The amelioration effect of capsaicin on OA-induced lipid accumulation was weakened after Bmal1-knockdown, demonstrating that the rhythmic expression of the circadian clock gene is involved in the regulation process of capsaicin in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Muwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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A Simulated Shift Work Schedule Does Not Increase DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by NHEJ in the Drosophila Rr3 System. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010150. [PMID: 35052490 PMCID: PMC8774994 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term shift work is widely believed to increase the risk of certain cancers, but conflicting findings between studies render this association unclear. Evidence of interplay between the circadian clock, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage detection machinery suggests the possibility that circadian rhythm disruption consequent to shift work could alter the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway usage to favor mutagenic non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair. To test this hypothesis, we compared relative usage of NHEJ and single-strand annealing (SSA) repair of a complementary ended chromosomal double-stranded break using the Repair Reporter 3 (Rr3) system in Drosophila between flies reared on 12:12 and 8:8 (simulated shift work) light:dark schedules. Actimetric analysis showed that the 8:8 light:dark schedule effectively disrupted the rhythms in locomotor output. Inaccurate NHEJ repair was not a frequent outcome in this system overall, and no significant difference was seen in the usage of NHEJ or SSA repair between the control and simulated shift work schedules. We conclude that this circadian disruption regimen does not alter the usage of mutagenic NHEJ DSB repair in the Drosophila male pre-meiotic germline, in the context of the Rr3 system.
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Lennicke C, Cochemé HM. Redox metabolism: ROS as specific molecular regulators of cell signaling and function. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3691-3707. [PMID: 34547234 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions are intrinsically linked to energy metabolism. Therefore, redox processes are indispensable for organismal physiology and life itself. The term reactive oxygen species (ROS) describes a set of distinct molecular oxygen derivatives produced during normal aerobic metabolism. Multiple ROS-generating and ROS-eliminating systems actively maintain the intracellular redox state, which serves to mediate redox signaling and regulate cellular functions. ROS, in particular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are able to reversibly oxidize critical, redox-sensitive cysteine residues on target proteins. These oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) can control the biological activity of numerous enzymes and transcription factors (TFs), as well as their cellular localization or interactions with binding partners. In this review, we describe the diverse roles of redox regulation in the context of physiological cellular metabolism and provide insights into the pathophysiology of diseases when redox homeostasis is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lennicke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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11
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Batotsyrenova EG. Profile of the Plasma Catecholamines of Sexually Mature Rats Exposed to a Combination of Factors of Different Natures. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s207905702102003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zheng X, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Fent K. Environmental chemicals affect circadian rhythms: An underexplored effect influencing health and fitness in animals and humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106159. [PMID: 33508534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms control the life of virtually all organisms. They regulate numerous aspects ranging from cellular processes to reproduction and behavior. Besides the light-dark cycle, there are additional environmental factors that regulate the circadian rhythms in animals as well as humans. Here, we outline the circadian rhythm system and considers zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a representative vertebrate organism. We characterize multiple physiological processes, which are affected by circadian rhythm disrupting compounds (circadian disrupters). We focus on and summarize 40 natural and anthropogenic environmental circadian disrupters in fish. They can be divided into six major categories: steroid hormones, metals, pesticides and biocides, polychlorinated biphenyls, neuroactive drugs and other compounds such as cyanobacterial toxins and bisphenol A. Steroid hormones as well as metals are most studied. Especially for progestins and glucocorticoids, circadian dysregulation was demonstrated in zebrafish on the molecular and physiological level, which comprise mainly behavioral alterations. Our review summarizes the current state of knowledge on circadian disrupters, highlights their risks to fish and identifies knowledge gaps in animals and humans. While most studies focus on transcriptional and behavioral alterations, additional effects and consequences are underexplored. Forthcoming studies should explore, which additional environmental circadian disrupters exist. They should clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and aim to better understand the consequences for physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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13
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Chan F, Liu J. Molecular regulation of brain metabolism underlying circadian epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62 Suppl 1:S32-S48. [PMID: 33395505 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive study has demonstrated that epilepsy occurs with greater frequency at certain times in the 24-h cycle. Although these findings implicate an overlap between the circadian rhythm and epilepsy, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this circadian regulation are poorly understood. Because the 24-h rhythm is generated by the circadian molecular system, it is not surprising that this system comprised of many circadian genes is implicated in epilepsy. We summarized evidence in the literature implicating various circadian genes such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Rev-erb⍺, and Ror⍺ in epilepsy. In various animal models of epilepsy, the circadian oscillation and the steady-state level of these genes are disrupted. The downstream pathway of these genes involves a large number of metabolic pathways associated with epilepsy. These pathways include pyridoxal metabolism, the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and the regulation of redox state. We propose that disruption of these metabolic pathways could mediate the circadian regulation of epilepsy. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of circadian regulation of epilepsy would enable us to precisely target the circadian disruption in epilepsy for a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Judy Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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14
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Andersen PAK, Petrenko V, Rose PH, Koomen M, Fischer N, Ghiasi SM, Dahlby T, Dibner C, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Proinflammatory Cytokines Perturb Mouse and Human Pancreatic Islet Circadian Rhythmicity and Induce Uncoordinated β-Cell Clock Gene Expression via Nitric Oxide, Lysine Deacetylases, and Immunoproteasomal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E83. [PMID: 33374803 PMCID: PMC7795908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell-specific clock knockout mice develop β-cell oxidative-stress and failure, as well as glucose-intolerance. How inflammatory stress affects the cellular clock is under-investigated. Real-time recording of Per2:luciferase reporter activity in murine and human pancreatic islets demonstrated that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) lengthened the circadian period. qPCR-profiling of core clock gene expression in insulin-producing cells suggested that the combination of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) caused pronounced but uncoordinated increases in mRNA levels of multiple core clock genes, in particular of reverse-erythroblastosis virus α (Rev-erbα), in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The REV-ERBα/β agonist SR9009, used to mimic cytokine-mediated Rev-erbα induction, reduced constitutive and cytokine-induced brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (Bmal1) mRNA levels in INS-1 cells as expected. SR9009 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced insulin-1/2 (Ins-1/2) mRNA and accumulated- and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced cell viability, and increased apoptosis levels, reminiscent of cytokine toxicity. In contrast, low (<5,0 μM) concentrations of SR9009 increased Ins-1 mRNA and accumulated insulin-secretion without affecting INS-1 cell viability, mirroring low-concentration IL-1β mediated β-cell stimulation. Inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, the lysine deacetylase HDAC3 and the immunoproteasome reduced cytokine-mediated increases in clock gene expression. In conclusion, the cytokine-combination perturbed the intrinsic clocks operative in mouse and human pancreatic islets and induced uncoordinated clock gene expression in INS-1 cells, the latter effect associated with NO, HDAC3, and immunoproteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Alexander Keller Andersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Volodymyr Petrenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Education, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, D05.2147c Rue Michel-Servet, 1 CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (V.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Peter Horskjær Rose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Melissa Koomen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Nico Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghiasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Tina Dahlby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Education, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, D05.2147c Rue Michel-Servet, 1 CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (V.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
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15
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Abuelsoud W, Cortleven A, Schmülling T. Photoperiod stress induces an oxidative burst-like response and is associated with increased apoplastic peroxidase and decreased catalase activities. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 253:153252. [PMID: 32949889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodic changes of light and dark regulate numerous processes in plants. Recently, a novel type of stress caused by an extended light period has been described in Arabidopsis thaliana and was named photoperiod stress. Although photoperiod stress causes the induction of numerous stress response genes of which many are indicators of oxidative stress, the exact timing and mechanisms involved in dealing with this stress have not yet been investigated. We describe the response of the cellular redox system in wild-type Arabidopsis, the photoperiod stress sensitive cytokinin receptor mutant ahk2 ahk3 and the clock mutant cca1 lhy. Photoperiod stress caused several changes in the ROS scavenging system including a reduction of the ascorbic acid (AsA) redox status and strong peroxide formation during the night following the extended photoperiod. The changes were associated with reduced catalase (CAT) and increased apoplastic peroxidase (PRX) activities. Consistently, the expression of the apoplastic PRX genes PRX4, PRX33, PRX34 and PRX71 was strongly induced by photoperiod stress. We show that extending the light period by only few hours causes a stress response during the following night suggesting that the photoperiod stress response might occur in a natural setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abuelsoud
- Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Medina MÁ. Metabolic Reprogramming is a Hallmark of Metabolism Itself. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000058. [PMID: 32939776 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of metabolism has been identified as one of the hallmarks of cancer. It is becoming more and more frequent to connect other diseases with metabolic reprogramming. This article aims to argue that metabolic reprogramming is not driven by disease but instead is the main hallmark of metabolism, based on its dynamic behavior that allows it to continuously adapt to changes in the internal and external conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Medina
- Andalucía Tech, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Málaga, E-29071, Spain
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17
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Malaria parasites regulate intra-erythrocytic development duration via serpentine receptor 10 to coordinate with host rhythms. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2763. [PMID: 32488076 PMCID: PMC7265539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites complete their intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) in multiples of 24 h suggesting a circadian basis, but the mechanism controlling this periodicity is unknown. Combining in vivo and in vitro approaches utilizing rodent and human malaria parasites, we reveal that: (i) 57% of Plasmodium chabaudi genes exhibit daily rhythms in transcription; (ii) 58% of these genes lose transcriptional rhythmicity when the IDC is out-of-synchrony with host rhythms; (iii) 6% of Plasmodium falciparum genes show 24 h rhythms in expression under free-running conditions; (iv) Serpentine receptor 10 (SR10) has a 24 h transcriptional rhythm and disrupting it in rodent malaria parasites shortens the IDC by 2-3 h; (v) Multiple processes including DNA replication, and the ubiquitin and proteasome pathways, are affected by loss of coordination with host rhythms and by disruption of SR10. Our results reveal malaria parasites are at least partly responsible for scheduling the IDC and coordinating their development with host daily rhythms. The mechanism underlying periodicity of Plasmodium’s intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) is unclear. Here, Subudhi et al. show that serpentine receptor 10 (SR10) plays a role in regulating the schedule of the IDC in line with the timing of host daily rhythms.
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18
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Light and chemical oscillations: Review and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Jiao X, Lu D, Pei X, Qi D, Huang S, Song Z, Gu J, Li Z. Type 1 diabetes mellitus impairs diurnal oscillations in murine extraorbital lacrimal glands. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:438-452. [PMID: 32360784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with diabetes are at high risk of lacrimal gland dysfunction, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we determined how type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) influences circadian homeostasis of the murine extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs). METHODS A T1DM animal model was established by systemic streptozotocin injection in C57BL/6J mice. After 5 weeks, ELGs were collected at 3-h intervals over a 24-h circadian cycle. Total extracted RNA was subjected to high-throughput RNA sequencing, and rhythmic transcriptional data were evaluated using the Jonckheere-Terpstra-Kendall algorithm, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, Phase Set Enrichment Analysis, and time series cluster analysis to determine the phase, rhythmicity, and unique signature of the transcripts over temporally coordinated expression. Additionally, mass, cell size, histology, and tear secretion of the ELGs were evaluated. RESULTS T1DM globally altered the composition of the ELG transcriptome. Specifically, T1DM significantly reprogrammed the circadian transcriptomic profiles of normal ELGs and reorganized core clock machinery. Unique temporal and clustering enrichment pathways were also rewired by T1DM. Finally, normal daily rhythms of mass, cell size, and tear secretion of mouse ELGs were significantly impaired by streptozotocin-induced diabetes. CONCLUSIONS T1DM significantly reprograms the diurnal oscillations of the lacrimal glands and impairs their structure and tear secretion. This information may reveal potential targets for improving lacrimal gland dysfunction in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongming Song
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Gu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
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20
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McKee CA, Lananna BV, Musiek ES. Circadian regulation of astrocyte function: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1049-1058. [PMID: 31578625 PMCID: PMC7098845 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates rhythms in gene transcription that have a profound impact on cellular function, behavior, and disease. Circadian dysfunction is a symptom of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and recent studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between impaired clock function and neurodegeneration. Glial cells possess functional circadian clocks which may serve to control glial responses to daily oscillations in brain activity, cellular stress, and metabolism. Astrocytes directly support brain function through synaptic interactions, neuronal metabolic support, neuroinflammatory regulation, and control of neurovascular coupling at blood and CSF barriers. Emerging evidence suggests that the astrocyte circadian clock may be involved in many of these processes, and that clock disruption could influence neurodegeneration by disrupting several aspects of astrocyte function. Here we review the literature surrounding circadian control of astrocyte function in health and disease, and discuss the potential implications of astrocyte clocks for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia A McKee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 425 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Brian V Lananna
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 425 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 425 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA.
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21
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Morris AR, Stanton DL, Roman D, Liu AC. Systems Level Understanding of Circadian Integration with Cell Physiology. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3547-3564. [PMID: 32061938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock regulates a wide variety of physiological and behavioral processes. In turn, its disruption is associated with sleep deficiency, metabolic syndrome, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and cancer. At the turn of the century, the circadian clock was determined to be regulated by a transcriptional negative feedback mechanism composed of a dozen core clock genes. More recently, large-scale genomic studies have expanded the clock into a complex network composed of thousands of gene outputs and inputs. A major task of circadian research is to utilize systems biological approaches to uncover the governing principles underlying cellular oscillatory behavior and advance understanding of biological functions at the genomic level with spatiotemporal resolution. This review focuses on the genes and pathways that provide inputs to the circadian clock. Several emerging examples include AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK, nutrient/energy sensor mTOR, NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1, hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α, oxidative stress-inducible factor NRF2, and the proinflammatory factor NF-κB. Among others that continue to be revealed, these input pathways reflect the extensive interplay between the clock and cell physiology through the regulation of core clock genes and proteins. While the scope of this crosstalk is well-recognized, precise molecular links are scarce, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Future research must leverage genetic and genomic tools and technologies, network analysis, and computational modeling to characterize additional modifiers and input pathways. This systems-based framework promises to advance understanding of the circadian timekeeping system and may enable the enhancement of circadian functions through related input pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Morris
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel L Stanton
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Destino Roman
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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22
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Kizhuveetil U, Omer S, Karunagaran D, Suraishkumar GK. Improved redox anti-cancer treatment efficacy through reactive species rhythm manipulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1588. [PMID: 32005913 PMCID: PMC6994657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythms in the pseudo-steady state (PSS) levels of reactive species (RS), particularly superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, exist in cancer cells. The RS rhythm characteristics, particularly frequency and amplitude, are entrained (reset) by the anticancer compounds/drugs. In this work, we show for the first time that the phase of the RS rhythm at which the drug is added is significantly important in determining the cytotoxicity of anticancer compounds/drugs such as menadione and curcumin, in two different cancer cell lines. Curcumin, the more effective of the two drugs (IC50 = 15 µM, SiHa; 6 µM, HCT116) induced reset of superoxide and hydroxyl rhythms from 15.4 h to 9 h, and 25 h to 11 h respectively, as well as caused increases in these radical levels. However, menadione (IC50 = 20 µM, SiHa; 17 µM, HCT116) affected only the superoxide levels. Drug treatment at different time points/phase of the RS rhythm resulted in a maximum of 27% increase in cytotoxicity, which is significant. Further, we report for the first time, an unexpected absence of a correlation between the intracellular PSS RS and antioxidant levels; thus, the practice of using antioxidant enzyme levels as surrogate markers of intracellular oxidative stress levels may need a re-consideration. Therefore, the RS rhythm could be a fundamental/generic target to manipulate for improved cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Kizhuveetil
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Sonal Omer
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - D Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - G K Suraishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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23
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Arata Y, Takagi H. Quantitative Studies for Cell-Division Cycle Control. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31496950 PMCID: PMC6713215 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-division cycle (CDC) is driven by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Mathematical models based on molecular networks, as revealed by molecular and genetic studies, have reproduced the oscillatory behavior of CDK activity. Thus, one basic system for representing the CDC is a biochemical oscillator (CDK oscillator). However, genetically clonal cells divide with marked variability in their total duration of a single CDC round, exhibiting non-Gaussian statistical distributions. Therefore, the CDK oscillator model does not account for the statistical nature of cell-cycle control. Herein, we review quantitative studies of the statistical properties of the CDC. Over the past 70 years, studies have shown that the CDC is driven by a cluster of molecular oscillators. The CDK oscillator is coupled to transcriptional and mitochondrial metabolic oscillators, which cause deterministic chaotic dynamics for the CDC. Recent studies in animal embryos have raised the possibility that the dynamics of molecular oscillators underlying CDC control are affected by allometric volume scaling among the cellular compartments. Considering these studies, we discuss the idea that a cluster of molecular oscillators embedded in different cellular compartments coordinates cellular physiology and geometry for successful cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroaki Takagi
- Department of Physics, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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24
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Shafi AA, Knudsen KE. Cancer and the Circadian Clock. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3806-3814. [PMID: 31300477 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a master regulator of mammalian physiology, regulating daily oscillations of crucial biological processes and behaviors. Notably, circadian disruption has recently been identified as an independent risk factor for cancer and classified as a carcinogen. As such, it is imperative to discern the underpinning mechanisms by which circadian disruption alters cancer risk. Emergent data, reviewed herein, demonstrate that circadian regulatory functions play critical roles in several hallmarks of cancer, including control of cell proliferation, cell death, DNA repair, and metabolic alteration. Developing a deeper understanding of circadian-cancer regulation cross-talk holds promise for developing new strategies for cancer interception, prevention, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~24 h) cycle. A network of circadian clocks set daily windows during which food consumption can occur. These daily windows mostly overlap with the active phase. Brain clocks that ensure the circadian control of food intake include a master light-entrainable clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and secondary clocks in hypothalamic and brainstem regions. Metabolic hormones, circulating nutrients and visceral neural inputs transmit rhythmic cues that permit (via close and reciprocal molecular interactions that link metabolic processes and circadian clockwork) brain and peripheral organs to be synchronized to feeding time. As a consequence of these complex interactions, growing evidence shows that chronodisruption and mistimed eating have deleterious effects on metabolic health. Conversely, eating, even eating an unbalanced diet, during the normal active phase reduces metabolic disturbances. Therefore, in addition to energy intake and dietary composition, appropriately timed meal patterns are critical to prevent circadian desynchronization and limit metabolic risks. This Review provides insight into the dual modulation of food intake by homeostatic and circadian processes, describes the mechanisms regulating feeding time and highlights the beneficial effects of correctly timed eating, as opposed to the negative metabolic consequences of mistimed eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Challet
- Circadian clocks and metabolism team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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26
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Morris JL, Letson HL, Gillman R, Hazratwala K, Wilkinson M, McEwen P, Dobson GP. The CNS theory of osteoarthritis: Opportunities beyond the joint. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 49:331-336. [PMID: 30982553 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of global disability that affects more than half of the population over 65. It is not a single disease but a progressive, inflammatory- and immune-altering multi-disease that affects the whole joint. OA has many risk factors including age, obesity, gender, lifestyle, joint morphology, metabolic dysfunction and genetic disposition. A major stumbling block in treating clinical OA has been the inability to detect its early onset and disease progression. This gap in understanding may arise from our failure to recognize that the OA patient exhibits a vulnerability to dysregulation of central feedback circuits that control sympathetic tone, inflammation, circadian rhythms (central and peripheral clocks), gut microbiome, metabolic redox and whole joint pathology. Early detection of OA and slowing its progression may come from discoveries outside the joint targeting these potentially modifiable upstream targets. We argue that future treatments may benefit from moving from a knee-centric viewpoint to a more systems-based, whole-body approach. The challenge, however, will be to better characterize these key circuits and apply this knowledge to develop new therapies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Morris
- The Orthopaedic Research Institute of Queensland (ORIQL), Townsville 4812, Queensland, Australia; Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, 4811, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Hayley L Letson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, 4811, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Rhys Gillman
- The Orthopaedic Research Institute of Queensland (ORIQL), Townsville 4812, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kaushik Hazratwala
- The Orthopaedic Research Institute of Queensland (ORIQL), Townsville 4812, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Matthew Wilkinson
- The Orthopaedic Research Institute of Queensland (ORIQL), Townsville 4812, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Peter McEwen
- The Orthopaedic Research Institute of Queensland (ORIQL), Townsville 4812, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P Dobson
- The Orthopaedic Research Institute of Queensland (ORIQL), Townsville 4812, Queensland, Australia; Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, 4811, Queensland, Australia.
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Oussaada SM, van Galen KA, Cooiman MI, Kleinendorst L, Hazebroek EJ, van Haelst MM, Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. The pathogenesis of obesity. Metabolism 2019; 92:26-36. [PMID: 30639246 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Body fat mass increases when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In the long term, a positive energy balance will result in obesity. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically, posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, insight in the pathogenesis of obesity is important to identify novel prevention and treatment strategies. This review describes the physiology of energy expenditure and energy intake in the context of body weight gain in humans. We focus on the components of energy expenditure and the regulation of energy intake. Finally, we describe rare monogenetic causes leading to an impairment in central regulation of food intake and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Oussaada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katy A van Galen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mellody I Cooiman
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper W Ter Horst
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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28
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Qi G, Wu W, Mi Y, Shi R, Sun K, Li R, Liu X, Liu X. Tea polyphenols direct Bmal1-driven ameliorating of the redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:181-193. [PMID: 30316844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are intimately linked to cellular redox status homeostasis via the regulation of mitochondrial function. Tea polyphenols (TP) are nutraceuticals that possess powerful antioxidant properties, especially ameliorating oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate whether circadian clock is involved in the protection effect of TP on oxidative stress cell models. TP ameliorate H2O2-triggered relatively shallow daily oscillations and phase shift of circadian clock genes transcription and protein expression. Meanwhile, TP attenuate H2O2-stimulated excessive secretions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restore the depletions of mitochondrial function in a Bmal1-dependent manner. Furthermore, TP treatment accelerates nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and modulates the downstream expressions of antioxidant enzymes. Intriguingly, knockdown of Bmal1 notably blocked Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 redox-sensitive transcription pathway. Our study revealed that TP, as a Bmal1-enhancing natural compound, alleviated redox imbalance via strengthening Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction in a Bmal1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Keyu Sun
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Runnan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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29
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Sun S, Zhou L, Yu Y, Zhang T, Wang M. Knocking down clock control gene CRY1 decreases adipogenesis via canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:746-753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Circadian rhythms, metabolic oscillators, and the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway: the Neurospora connection. Curr Genet 2018; 65:339-349. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Smith RL, Soeters MR, Wüst RCI, Houtkooper RH. Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:489-517. [PMID: 29697773 PMCID: PMC6093334 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to efficiently adapt metabolism by substrate sensing, trafficking, storage, and utilization, dependent on availability and requirement, is known as metabolic flexibility. In this review, we discuss the breadth and depth of metabolic flexibility and its impact on health and disease. Metabolic flexibility is essential to maintain energy homeostasis in times of either caloric excess or caloric restriction, and in times of either low or high energy demand, such as during exercise. The liver, adipose tissue, and muscle govern systemic metabolic flexibility and manage nutrient sensing, uptake, transport, storage, and expenditure by communication via endocrine cues. At a molecular level, metabolic flexibility relies on the configuration of metabolic pathways, which are regulated by key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, many of which interact closely with the mitochondria. Disrupted metabolic flexibility, or metabolic inflexibility, however, is associated with many pathological conditions including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Multiple factors such as dietary composition and feeding frequency, exercise training, and use of pharmacological compounds, influence metabolic flexibility and will be discussed here. Last, we outline important advances in metabolic flexibility research and discuss medical horizons and translational aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben L Smith
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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32
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Bolduc JA, Nelson KJ, Haynes AC, Lee J, Reisz JA, Graff AH, Clodfelter JE, Parsonage D, Poole LB, Furdui CM, Lowther WT. Novel hyperoxidation resistance motifs in 2-Cys peroxiredoxins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11901-11912. [PMID: 29884768 PMCID: PMC6066324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs) modulate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated cell signaling. At high H2O2 levels, eukaryotic Prxs can be inactivated by hyperoxidation and are classified as sensitive Prxs. In contrast, prokaryotic Prxs are categorized as being resistant to hyperoxidation and lack the GGLG and C-terminal YF motifs present in the sensitive Prxs. Additional molecular determinants that account for the subtle differences in the susceptibility to hyperoxidation remain to be identified. A comparison of a new, 2.15-Å-resolution crystal structure of Prx2 in the oxidized, disulfide-bonded state with the hyperoxidized structure of Prx2 and Prx1 in complex with sulfiredoxin revealed three structural regions that rearrange during catalysis. With these regions in hand, focused sequence analyses were performed comparing sensitive and resistant Prx groups. From this combinatorial approach, we discovered two novel hyperoxidation resistance motifs, motifs A and B, which were validated using mutagenesis of sensitive human Prxs and resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium AhpC. Introduction and removal of these motifs, respectively, resulted in drastic changes in the sensitivity to hyperoxidation with Prx1 becoming 100-fold more resistant to hyperoxidation and AhpC becoming 800-fold more sensitive to hyperoxidation. The increased sensitivity of the latter AhpC variant was also confirmed in vivo These results support the function of motifs A and B as primary drivers for tuning the sensitivity of Prxs to different levels of H2O2, thus enabling the initiation of variable signaling or antioxidant responses in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingyun Lee
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Aaron H. Graff
- From the Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry
| | | | - Derek Parsonage
- From the Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry
| | - Leslie B. Poole
- From the Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, and ,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and ,Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, ,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, and ,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and ,Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - W. Todd Lowther
- From the Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, and ,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and ,Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Center for Structural Biology, Dept. of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157. Tel.:
336-716-7230; Fax:
336-713-1283; E-mail:
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Mullineaux PM, Exposito-Rodriguez M, Laissue PP, Smirnoff N. ROS-dependent signalling pathways in plants and algae exposed to high light: Comparisons with other eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:52-64. [PMID: 29410363 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Like all aerobic organisms, plants and algae co-opt reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signalling molecules to drive cellular responses to changes in their environment. In this respect, there is considerable commonality between all eukaryotes imposed by the constraints of ROS chemistry, similar metabolism in many subcellular compartments, the requirement for a high degree of signal specificity and the deployment of thiol peroxidases as transducers of oxidising equivalents to regulatory proteins. Nevertheless, plants and algae carry out specialised signalling arising from oxygenic photosynthesis in chloroplasts and photoautotropism, which often induce an imbalance between absorption of light energy and the capacity to use it productively. A key means of responding to this imbalance is through communication of chloroplasts with the nucleus to adjust cellular metabolism. Two ROS, singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), initiate distinct signalling pathways when photosynthesis is perturbed. 1O2, because of its potent reactivity means that it initiates but does not transduce signalling. In contrast, the lower reactivity of H2O2 means that it can also be a mobile messenger in a spatially-defined signalling pathway. How plants translate a H2O2 message to bring about changes in gene expression is unknown and therefore, we draw on information from other eukaryotes to propose a working hypothesis. The role of these ROS generated in other subcellular compartments of plant cells in response to HL is critically considered alongside other eukaryotes. Finally, the responses of animal cells to oxidative stress upon high irradiance exposure is considered for new comparisons between plant and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | | | | | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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34
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Abstract
Mounting evidence in recent years supports the extensive interaction between the circadian and redox systems. The existence of such a relationship is not surprising because most organisms, be they diurnal or nocturnal, display daily oscillations in energy intake, locomotor activity, and exposure to exogenous and internally generated oxidants. The transcriptional clock controls the levels of many antioxidant proteins and redox-active cofactors, and, conversely, the cellular redox poise has been shown to feed back to the transcriptional oscillator via redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes. However, the circadian cycles in the S-sulfinylation of the peroxiredoxin (PRDX) proteins constituted the first example of an autonomous circadian redox oscillation, which occurred independently of the transcriptional clock. Importantly, the high phylogenetic conservation of these rhythms suggests that they might predate the evolution of the transcriptional oscillator, and therefore could be a part of a primordial circadian redox/metabolic oscillator. This discovery forced the reappraisal of the dogmatic transcription-centered view of the clockwork and opened a new avenue of research. Indeed, the investigation into the links between the circadian and redox systems is still in its infancy, and many important questions remain to be addressed.
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35
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Giebultowicz JM. Circadian regulation of metabolism and healthspan in Drosophila. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:62-68. [PMID: 29277395 PMCID: PMC5910265 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks generate daily rhythms in gene expression, cellular functions, physiological processes and behavior. The core clock mechanism consists of transcriptional-translational negative feedback loops that turn over with an endogenous circa 24h period. Classical genetic experiments in the fly Drosophila melanogaster played an essential role in identification of clock genes that turned out to be largely conserved between flies and mammals. Like in mammals, circadian clocks in flies generate transcriptional rhythms in a variety of metabolic pathways related to feeding and detoxification. Given that rhythms pervade metabolism and the loss of metabolic homeostasis is involved in aging and disease, there is increasing interest in understanding how the clocks and the rhythms they control change during aging. The importance of circadian clocks for healthy aging is supported by studies reporting that genetic or environmental clock disruptions are associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan. For example, arrhythmia caused by mutations in core clock genes lead to symptoms of accelerated aging in both flies and mammals, including neurodegenerative phenotypes. Despite the wealth of descriptive data, the mechanisms by which functional clocks confer healthspan and lifespan benefits are poorly understood. Studies in Drosophila discussed here are beginning to unravel causative relationships between the circadian system and aging. In particular, recent data suggest that clocks may be involved in inducing rhythmic expression of specific genes late in life in response to age-related increase in oxidative stress. This review will summarize insights into links between circadian system and aging in Drosophila, which were obtained using powerful genetics tools available for this model organism and taking advantage of the short adult lifespan in flies that is measured in days rather than years.
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Circadian control of p75 neurotrophin receptor leads to alternate activation of Nrf2 and c-Rel to reset energy metabolism in astrocytes via brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:34-44. [PMID: 29374533 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock genes regulate energy metabolism partly through neurotrophins in the body. The low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR is a clock component directly regulated by the transcriptional factor Clock:Bmal1 complex. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in the brain and plays a key role in coordinating metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes. BDNF transduces signals through TrkB and p75NTR receptors. This review highlights a novel molecular mechanism by which BDNF via circadian control of p75NTR leads to daily resetting of glucose and glycogen metabolism in brain astrocytes to accommodate their functional interaction with neurons. Astrocytes store glycogen as an energy reservoir to provide active neurons with the glycolytic metabolite lactate. Astrocytes predominantly express the truncated receptor TrkB.T1 which lacks an intracellular receptor tyrosine kinase domain. TrkB.T1 retains the capacity to regulate cell morphology through regulation of Rho GTPases. In contrast, p75NTR mediates generation of the bioactive lipid ceramide upon stimulation with BDNF and inhibits PKA activation. As ceramide directly activates PKCζ, we discuss the importance of the TrkB.T1-p75NTR-ceramide-PKCζ signaling axis in the stimulation of glycogen and lipid synthesis and activation of RhoA. Ceramide-PKCζ-casein kinase 2 signaling activates Nrf2 to support oxidative phosphorylation via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. In the absence of p75NTR, TrkB.T1 functionally interacts with adenosine A2AR and dopamine D1R receptors to enhance cAMP-PKA signaling and activate Rac1 and NF-κB c-Rel, favoring glycogen hydrolysis, gluconeogenesis and aerobic glycolysis. Thus, diurnal changes in p75NTR levels in astrocytes resets energy metabolism via BDNF to accommodate their metabolic interaction with neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0863, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0863, Japan
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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37
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Wible RS, Ramanathan C, Sutter CH, Olesen KM, Kensler TW, Liu AC, Sutter TR. NRF2 regulates core and stabilizing circadian clock loops, coupling redox and timekeeping in Mus musculus. eLife 2018; 7:e31656. [PMID: 29481323 PMCID: PMC5826263 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal oscillation of intracellular redox potential is known to couple metabolism with the circadian clock, yet the responsible mechanisms are not well understood. We show here that chemical activation of NRF2 modifies circadian gene expression and rhythmicity, with phenotypes similar to genetic NRF2 activation. Loss of Nrf2 function in mouse fibroblasts, hepatocytes and liver also altered circadian rhythms, suggesting that NRF2 stoichiometry and/or timing of expression are important to timekeeping in some cells. Consistent with this concept, activation of NRF2 at a circadian time corresponding to the peak generation of endogenous oxidative signals resulted in NRF2-dependent reinforcement of circadian amplitude. In hepatocytes, activated NRF2 bound specific enhancer regions of the core clock repressor gene Cry2, increased Cry2 expression and repressed CLOCK/BMAL1-regulated E-box transcription. Together these data indicate that NRF2 and clock comprise an interlocking loop that integrates cellular redox signals into tissue-specific circadian timekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Wible
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | | | - Carrie Hayes Sutter
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Kristin M Olesen
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Andrew C Liu
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
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38
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Korge S, Maier B, Brüning F, Ehrhardt L, Korte T, Mann M, Herrmann A, Robles MS, Kramer A. The non-classical nuclear import carrier Transportin 1 modulates circadian rhythms through its effect on PER1 nuclear localization. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007189. [PMID: 29377895 PMCID: PMC5805371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are molecular timekeeping mechanisms that allow organisms to anticipate daily changes in their environment. The fundamental cellular basis of these clocks is delayed negative feedback gene regulation with PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME containing protein complexes as main inhibitory elements. For a correct circadian period, it is essential that such clock protein complexes accumulate in the nucleus in a precisely timed manner, a mechanism that is poorly understood. We performed a systematic RNAi-mediated screen in human cells and identified 15 genes associated with the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation machinery, whose expression is important for circadian clock dynamics. Among them was Transportin 1 (TNPO1), a non-classical nuclear import carrier, whose knockdown and knockout led to short circadian periods. TNPO1 was found in endogenous clock protein complexes and particularly binds to PER1 regulating its (but not PER2's) nuclear localization. While PER1 is also transported to the nucleus by the classical, Importin β-mediated pathway, TNPO1 depletion slowed down PER1 nuclear import rate as revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. In addition, we found that TNPO1-mediated nuclear import may constitute a novel input pathway of how cellular redox state signals to the clock, since redox stress increases binding of TNPO1 to PER1 and decreases its nuclear localization. Together, our RNAi screen knocking down import carriers (but also export carriers) results in short and long circadian periods indicating that the regulatory pathways that control the timing of clock protein subcellular localization are far more complex than previously assumed. TNPO1 is one of the novel players essential for normal circadian periods and potentially for redox regulation of the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Korge
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Maier
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Brüning
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lea Ehrhardt
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Korte
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria S. Robles
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Perelis M, Ramsey KM, Marcheva B, Bass J. Circadian Transcription from Beta Cell Function to Diabetes Pathophysiology. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 31:323-36. [PMID: 27440914 DOI: 10.1177/0748730416656949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock plays a central role in the temporal coordination of physiology across the 24-h light-dark cycle. A major function of the clock is to maintain energy constancy in anticipation of alternating periods of fasting and feeding that correspond with sleep and wakefulness. While it has long been recognized that humans exhibit robust variation in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity across the sleep-wake cycle, experimental genetic analysis has now revealed that the clock transcription cycle plays an essential role in insulin secretion and metabolic function within pancreatic beta cells. This review addresses how studies of the beta cell clock may elucidate the etiology of subtypes of diabetes associated with circadian and sleep cycle disruption, in addition to more general forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Perelis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Biliana Marcheva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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40
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Chen Q, Liu S, Yang L, Zhang L, Li J. The reversible function switching of the circadian clock protein KaiA is encoded in its structure. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2535-2542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Laurent V, Sengupta A, Sánchez-Bretaño A, Hicks D, Tosini G. Melatonin signaling affects the timing in the daily rhythm of phagocytic activity by the retinal pigment epithelium. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:90-95. [PMID: 28941766 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies in Xenopus have indicated a role for melatonin in the regulation of retinal disk shedding, but the role of melatonin in the regulation of daily rhythm in mammalian disk shedding and phagocytosis is still unclear. We recently produced a series of transgenic mice lacking melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) or type 2 (MT2) in a melatonin-proficient background and have shown that removal of MT1 and MT2 receptors induces significant effects on daily and circadian regulation of the electroretinogram as well as on the viability of photoreceptor cells during aging. In this study we investigated the daily rhythm of phagocytic activity by the retinal pigment epithelium in MT1 and MT2 knock-out mice. Our data indicate that in MT1 and MT2 knock-out mice the peak of phagocytosis is advanced by 3 h with respect to wild-type mice and occurred in dark rather than after the onset of light, albeit the mean phagocytic activity over the 24-h period did not change among the three genotypes. Nevertheless, this small change in the profile of daily phagocytic rhythms may produce a significant effect on retinal health since MT1 and MT2 knock-out mice showed a significant increase in lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgine Laurent
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anamika Sengupta
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Aída Sánchez-Bretaño
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - David Hicks
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
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Hidalgo MC, Trenzado CE, Furné M, Beltrán A, Manzaneda C, García-Gallego M, Domezain A, Sanz A. Tissue-specific daily variation in the oxidative status of sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a comparative study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1105-1115. [PMID: 28293860 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative status is associated with animal lifespan, metabolism, activity and circadian rhythms. The objective of this work is to study the time course of the oxidative status over a daily cycle in the plasma, liver and brain, and the changes in the plasma cortisol levels of sturgeon and trout. The knowledge of daily oxidative status will provide a better understanding of the trout and sturgeon physiology and adequate maintenance and food supply of farmed fish in relation to photoperiod. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase, DT-diaphorase activities, lipid peroxidation and cortisol were measured. Our results showed that the antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in the liver of trout and sturgeon changed through the day, with increased levels in lipid peroxidation of liver in the dark period for sturgeon. This could be related to the different activity time in both species, an issue to be taken into account when designing the guidelines of the maintenance of these species in fish farms. On the contrary, there was not clear influence of the daily rhythms on brain oxidative status. The higher efficiency of the antioxidant defences in the brain of sturgeon, which displays less lipid peroxidation and higher antioxidative activity, could be related to its longer life expectancy. The absence of any apparent daily rhythm in the plasma cortisol levels in sturgeon could indicate a lower susceptibility to stress, and that mechanisms involved in cortisol secretion in chondrosteans could be different from that described for teleosteans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hidalgo
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - C E Trenzado
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M Furné
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A Beltrán
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C Manzaneda
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M García-Gallego
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A Domezain
- Department of I+D, Piscifactoría "Sierra Nevada" S.L., Riofrío, Granada, Spain
| | - A Sanz
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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43
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Carter EL, Ramirez Y, Ragsdale SW. The heme-regulatory motif of nuclear receptor Rev-erbβ is a key mediator of heme and redox signaling in circadian rhythm maintenance and metabolism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11280-11299. [PMID: 28500133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rev-erbβ is a heme-responsive transcription factor that regulates genes involved in circadian rhythm maintenance and metabolism, effectively bridging these critical cellular processes. Heme binding to Rev-erbβ indirectly facilitates its interaction with the nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR1), resulting in repression of Rev-erbβ target genes. Fe3+-heme binds in a 6-coordinate complex with axial His and Cys ligands, the latter provided by a heme-regulatory motif (HRM). Rev-erbβ was thought to be a heme sensor based on a weak Kd value for the Rev-erbβ·heme complex of 2 μm determined with isothermal titration calorimetry. However, our group demonstrated with UV-visible difference titrations that the Kd value is in the low nanomolar range, and the Fe3+-heme off-rate is on the order of 10-6 s-1 making Rev-erbβ ineffective as a sensor of Fe3+-heme. In this study, we dissected the kinetics of heme binding to Rev-erbβ and provided a Kd for Fe3+-heme of ∼0.1 nm Loss of the HRM axial thiolate via redox processes, including oxidation to a disulfide with a neighboring cysteine or dissociation upon reduction of Fe3+- to Fe2+-heme, decreased binding affinity by >20-fold. Furthermore, as measured in a co-immunoprecipitation assay, substitution of the His or Cys heme ligands in Rev-erbβ was accompanied by a significant loss of NCoR1 binding. These results demonstrate the importance of the Rev-erbβ HRM in regulating interactions with heme and NCoR1 and advance our understanding of how signaling through HRMs affects the major cellular processes of circadian rhythm maintenance and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Carter
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yanil Ramirez
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Stephen W Ragsdale
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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44
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NPAS2 promotes cell survival of hepatocellular carcinoma by transactivating CDC25A. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2704. [PMID: 28333141 PMCID: PMC5386534 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidences show that disruption of the circadian rhythm is associated with tumor initiation and progression. Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), one of the core circadian molecules, has been proved to be a potential prognostic biomarker in colorectal and breast cancers. However, to date, the potential functional roles and molecular mechanisms by which NPAS2 affects cancer cell survival are greatly unclear, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We first investigated the expression of NPAS2 and its clinical significance in HCC. We then systematically explored the role of NPAS2 in HCC cell survival both in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanism. NPAS2 was frequently upregulated in HCC, which significantly facilitated cell survival both in vitro and in vivo mainly by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptosis, and thus contributed to poor prognosis of HCC patients. Mechanistically, the survival-promoting role of NPAS2 was mediated by transcriptional upregulation of the CDC25A phosphatase and subsequent dephosphorylation of CDK2/4/6 and Bcl-2, which induced cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in HCC, respectively. Moreover, BMAL1, another core clock transcription factor, was identified to heterodimerize with NPAS2 to bind to the E-box element in the promoter of CDC25A and be associated with the NPAS2-mediated tumor cell survival in HCC. Our findings demonstrate that NPAS2 has a critical role in HCC cell survival and tumor growth, which is mainly mediated by transcriptional upregulation of CDC25A. Thereby, NPAS2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in HCC patients.
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45
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Brown SA. Circadian Metabolism: From Mechanisms to Metabolomics and Medicine. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:415-426. [PMID: 27113082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock directs nearly all aspects of diurnal physiology, including metabolism. Current research identifies several major axes by which it exerts these effects, including systemic signals as well as direct control of cellular processes by local clocks. This redundant network can transmit metabolic and timing information bidirectionally for optimal synchrony of metabolic processes. Recent advances in cellular profiling and metabolomics technologies have yielded unprecedented insights into the mechanisms behind this control. They have also helped to illuminate individual variation in these mechanisms that could prove important in personalized therapy for metabolic disease. Finally, these technologies have provided platforms with which to screen for the first potential drugs affecting clock-modulated metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Brown
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 190 Winterthurerstrasse, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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46
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Johnston JD, Ordovás JM, Scheer FA, Turek FW. Circadian Rhythms, Metabolism, and Chrononutrition in Rodents and Humans. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:399-406. [PMID: 26980824 PMCID: PMC4785478 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition is an emerging discipline that builds on the intimate relation between endogenous circadian (24-h) rhythms and metabolism. Circadian regulation of metabolic function can be observed from the level of intracellular biochemistry to whole-organism physiology and even postprandial responses. Recent work has elucidated the metabolic roles of circadian clocks in key metabolic tissues, including liver, pancreas, white adipose, and skeletal muscle. For example, tissue-specific clock disruption in a single peripheral organ can cause obesity or disruption of whole-organism glucose homeostasis. This review explains mechanistic insights gained from transgenic animal studies and how these data are being translated into the study of human genetics and physiology. The principles of chrononutrition have already been demonstrated to improve human weight loss and are likely to benefit the health of individuals with metabolic disease, as well as of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Ordovás
- Tufts University, Boston, MA;,Madrid Institutes of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank A Scheer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA;,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
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