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Xiao J, Cao S, Wang J, Li P, Cheng Q, Zhou X, Dong J, Li Y, Zhao X, Xu Z, Yang L. Leptin-mediated suppression of lipoprotein lipase cleavage enhances lipid uptake and facilitates lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 38958445 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the primary mode of metastasis in gastric cancer (GC). However, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Tumor cells necessitate lipid metabolic reprogramming to facilitate metastasis, yet the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a pivotal enzyme involved in exogenous lipid uptake, remains uncertain in tumor metastasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of lipid metabolic reprogramming during LNM of GC as well as the role of LPL in this process. METHODS Intracellular lipid levels were quantified using oil red O staining, BODIPY 493/503 staining, and flow cytometry. Lipidomics analysis was employed to identify alterations in intracellular lipid composition following LPL knockdown. Protein expression levels were assessed through immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The mouse popliteal LNM model was utilized to investigate differences in LNM. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were employed to examine protein associations. In vitro phosphorylation assays and Phos-tag sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assays were conducted to detect angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) phosphorylation. RESULTS We identified that an elevated intracellular lipid level represents a crucial characteristic of node-positive (N+) GC and further demonstrated that a high-fat diet can expedite LNM. LPL was found to be significantly overexpressed in N+ GC tissues and shown to facilitate LNM by mediating dietary lipid uptake within GC cells. Leptin, an obesity-related hormone, intercepted the effect exerted by ANGPTL4/Furin on LPL cleavage. Circulating leptin binding to the leptin receptor could induce the activation of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) kinase, leading to the phosphorylation of ANGPTL4 at the serine 30 residue and subsequently reducing its binding affinity with LPL. Moreover, our research revealed that LPL disrupted lipid homeostasis by elevating intracellular levels of arachidonic acid, which then triggered the cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, thereby promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Leptin-induced phosphorylation of ANGPTL4 facilitates LPL-mediated lipid uptake and consequently stimulates the production of PGE2, ultimately facilitating LNM in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Wang J, Gu Y, Sun Y, Qiao Q, Huang X, Yang K, Bai Y. Adipogenic differentiation effect of human periodontal ligament stem cell initial cell density on autologous cells and human bone marrow stromal cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4069. [PMID: 38940455 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells demonstrate differentiation and regulatory functions. In this discussion, we will explore the impacts of cell culture density on stem cell proliferation, adipogenesis, and regulatory abilities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the initial culture density of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) on the adipogenic differentiation of autologous cells. Our findings indicate that the proliferation rate of hPDLSCs increased with increasing initial cell density (0.5-8 × 104 cells/cm2). After adipogenic differentiation induced by different initial cell densities of hPDLSC, we found that the mean adipose concentration and the expression levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) genes all increased with increasing cell density. To investigate the regulatory role of hPDLSCs in the adipogenic differentiation of other cells, we used secreted exocrine vesicles derived from hPDLSCs cultivated at different initial cell densities of 50 μg/mL to induce the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. We also found that the mean adipose concentration and expression of LPL, CEBPα, and PPARγ genes increased with increasing cell density, with an optimal culture density of 8 × 104 cells/cm2. This study provides a foundation for the application of adipogenic differentiation in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzhi Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxi Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchen Qiao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cai W, Pierzynowska K, Stiernborg M, Xu J, Nilsson IA, Svensson U, Melas PA, Lavebratt C. Multispecies synbiotics alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis: Effects on clinical scores, intestinal pathology, and plasma biomarkers in male and female mice. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:74-83. [PMID: 38923468 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and has been linked to an imbalance in gut bacteria. Synbiotics, which combine probiotics and prebiotics, are emerging as potential IBD treatments. AIM To examine the effects of four synbiotic formulations on intestinal inflammation and peripheral biomarkers in a rodent IBD model of both sexes. METHODS Colitis was induced in male and female C57BL/6 mice using 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Concurrently, a non-exposed control group was maintained. Starting on day 4 post-induction, DSS-exposed mice received one of four synbiotic preparations (Synbio1-4 composed of lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium and dietary fibres), an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat IBD (mesalazine), or placebo (water) until day 14. Clinical symptoms and body weight were monitored daily. Blood samples (taken on days -3, 4, and 14, relative to DSS introduction), were used to analyze plasma biomarkers. At the end of the study, intestinal tissues underwent histological and morphological evaluation. RESULTS Compared to placebo, the Synbio1-, 2- and 3-treated groups had improved clinical scores by day 14. Synbio1 was the only preparation that led to clinical improvements to scores comparable to those of controls. The Synbio1-and 3-treated groups also demonstrated histological improvements in the colon. Plasma biomarker analyses revealed significant Synbio1-induced changes in plasma IL17A, VEGFD, and TNFRSF11B levels that correlated with improved clinical or histological scores. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that most therapeutic-like effects were more pronounced in females. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of specific synbiotics for IBD management. However, further research is needed to validate these outcomes in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cai
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Miranda Stiernborg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Ak Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Philippe A Melas
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Zhang R, Zhang K. A unified model for regulating lipoprotein lipase activity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:490-504. [PMID: 38521668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of triglyceride (TG) tissue distribution, storage, and utilization, a fundamental process of energy homeostasis, critically depends on lipoprotein lipase (LPL). We review the intricate mechanisms by which LPL activity is regulated by angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL3, 4, 8), apolipoproteins (APOA5, APOC3, APOC2), and the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH). ANGPTL8 functions as a molecular switch, through complex formation, activating ANGPTL3 while deactivating ANGPTL4 in their LPL inhibition. The ANGPTL3-4-8 model integrates the roles of the aforementioned proteins in TG partitioning between white adipose tissue (WAT) and oxidative tissues (heart and skeletal muscles) during the feed/fast cycle. This model offers a unified perspective on LPL regulation, providing insights into TG metabolism, metabolic diseases, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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5
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Chan DC, Watts GF. ANGPTL3 and ApoC-III inhibitors for treating hypertriglyceridemia in context: horses for courses? Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:101-109. [PMID: 38372218 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is an independent and casual risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There is an unmet need for more effective treatments for patients with HTG. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) are key regulators of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism. We review recent clinical trials targeting ANGPTL3 and apoC-III with monoclonal antibody and nucleic acid therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA. RECENT FINDINGS ANGPTL3 and apoC-III inhibitors are effective in lowering plasma triglycerides and TRLs, with possibly greater efficacy with the inhibition of apoC-III. By contrast to ANGPTL3 inhibition that has the advantage of greater lowering of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apoB levels, apoC-III inhibition only has a modest or no effect in lowering plasma LDL-cholesterol and apoB concentrations. Therapeutic inhibition of ANGPTL3 and apoC-III can correct HTG possibly by reducing production and increasing catabolism of TRL particles, but this remains to be formally investigated in patients with HTG. SUMMARY Novel agents targeting ANGPTL3 and apoC-III can correct HTG and potentially lower risk of ASCVD in patients with HTG. The long-term safety and cost-effectiveness of these agents await confirmation in ongoing and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- Medical School, University of Western Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Medical School, University of Western Australia
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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6
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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen R. The signaling pathways in obesity-related complications. J Cell Commun Signal 2024; 18:e12039. [PMID: 38946722 PMCID: PMC11208128 DOI: 10.1002/ccs3.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a rapidly expanding epidemic worldwide, is known to exacerbate many medical conditions, making it a significant factor in multiple diseases and their associated complications. This threatening epidemic is linked to various harmful conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), dyslipidemia, and cancer. The rise in urbanization and sedentary lifestyles creates an environment that fosters obesity, leading to both psychosocial and medical complications. To identify individuals at risk and ensure timely treatment, it is crucial to have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities. This comprehensive review highlights the relationship between obesity and obesity-associated complications, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, (CVDs), dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, gastrointestinal complications, and obstructive sleep apnea. It also explores the potential mechanisms underlying these associations. A thorough analysis of the interplay between obesity and its associated complications is vital in developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat the exponential increase in global obesity rates and mitigate the deadly consequences of this polygenic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular PathobiochemistryExperimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC)RWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
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7
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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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8
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Zhu T, Zhao H, Chao Y, Gao S, Dong X, Wang Z. Olanzapine-induced weight gain and lipid dysfunction in mice between different gender. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5864. [PMID: 38551083 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most common antipsychotics, olanzapine may cause metabolic-related adverse effects, but it is still unknown how olanzapine alters lipid metabolism. In this study, we found that olanzapine-treated mice showed varying degrees of dyslipidemia, which was particularly pronounced in female mice. Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology and lipid metabolomics, we mapped the changes in lipid metabolism in olanzapine-treated mice and then compared the changes in lipid metabolism between male and female mice. There were 98 metabolic differentiators between the olanzapine-treated and control groups in females and 79 in males. These metabolites were glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, fatty amides, and sphingolipids, which are involved in glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. These results suggest that olanzapine-induced changes in the levels of lipid metabolites are closely associated with disturbances in lipid metabolic pathways, which may underlie lipemia. This lipidome profiling study not only visualizes changes in lipid metabolism in liver tissue but also provides a foundation for understanding the regulatory pathways and mechanisms involved in olanzapine-induced lipid metabolism disorders. Furthermore, this study demonstrates differences in lipid metabolism between males and females, providing a reference for clinical treatment regimen selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yufan Chao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songyan Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuowei Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Xu D, Xie L, Cheng C, Xue F, Sun C. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1409653. [PMID: 38883601 PMCID: PMC11176465 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1409653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continues to rise steadily, making it a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis (AS) serves as a primary driver of these conditions, commencing silently at an early age and culminating in adverse cardiovascular events that severely impact patients' quality of life or lead to fatality. Dyslipidemia, particularly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), plays a pivotal role in AS pathogenesis as an independent risk factor. Research indicates that abnormal LDL-C accumulation within arterial walls acts as a crucial trigger for atherosclerotic plaque formation. As the disease progresses, plaque accumulation may rupture or dislodge, resulting in thrombus formation and complete blood supply obstruction, ultimately causing myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and other common adverse cardiovascular events. Despite adequate pharmacologic therapy targeting LDL-C reduction, patients with cardiometabolic abnormalities remain at high risk for disease recurrence, highlighting the importance of addressing lipid risk factors beyond LDL-C. Recent attention has focused on the causal relationship between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and their remnants in AS risk. Genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies suggest a causal relationship between TRLs and their remnants and the increased risk of AS, and this dyslipidemia may be an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events. Particularly in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, disordered TRLs and its remnants levels significantly increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development. Accumulation of over-synthesized TRLs in plasma, impaired function of enzymes involved in TRLs lipolysis, and impaired hepatic clearance of cholesterol-rich TRLs remnants can lead to arterial deposition of TRLs and its remnants, promoting foam cell formation and arterial wall inflammation. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of TRLs-induced AS and targeting it therapeutically could slow or impede AS progression, thereby reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, particularly coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaonan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
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10
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Zupcic A, Latic N, Oubounyt M, Ramesova A, Carmeliet G, Baumbach J, Elkjaer ML, Erben RG. Ablation of Vitamin D Signaling in Cardiomyocytes Leads to Functional Impairment and Stimulation of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Fibrotic Gene Regulatory Networks in a Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Model in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5929. [PMID: 38892126 PMCID: PMC11172934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease remains a controversial issue. This study aimed to further elucidate the role of vitamin D signaling in the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and dysfunction. To ablate the vitamin D receptor (VDR) specifically in cardiomyocytes, VDRfl/fl mice were crossed with Mlcv2-Cre mice. To induce LV hypertrophy experimentally by increasing cardiac afterload, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was employed. Sham or TAC surgery was performed in 4-month-old, male, wild-type, VDRfl/fl, Mlcv2-Cre, and cardiomyocyte-specific VDR knockout (VDRCM-KO) mice. As expected, TAC induced profound LV hypertrophy and dysfunction, evidenced by echocardiography, aortic and cardiac catheterization, cardiac histology, and LV expression profiling 4 weeks post-surgery. Sham-operated mice showed no differences between genotypes. However, TAC VDRCM-KO mice, while having comparable cardiomyocyte size and LV fibrosis to TAC VDRfl/fl controls, exhibited reduced fractional shortening and ejection fraction as measured by echocardiography. Spatial transcriptomics of heart cryosections revealed more pronounced pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene regulatory networks in the stressed cardiac tissue niches of TAC VDRCM-KO compared to VDRfl/fl mice. Hence, our study supports the notion that vitamin D signaling in cardiomyocytes plays a protective role in the stressed heart.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Mice
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Vitamin D/metabolism
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Fibrosis
- Signal Transduction
- Male
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Knockout
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zupcic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.Z.); (N.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Nejla Latic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.Z.); (N.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Mhaned Oubounyt
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Albert-Einstein-Ring 8-10, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.L.E.)
| | - Alice Ramesova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.Z.); (N.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Albert-Einstein-Ring 8-10, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.L.E.)
| | - Maria L. Elkjaer
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Albert-Einstein-Ring 8-10, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.L.E.)
| | - Reinhold G. Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.Z.); (N.L.); (A.R.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Heinrich-Collin-Strasse 30, 1140 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Wu M, Wang Q, Li H, Tao J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Chen L, Li P, Chen L, Qu L. PLA2G12A protects against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by enhancing energy expenditure and clearance of circulating triglycerides. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23643. [PMID: 38703030 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302075r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipase A2s are involved in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease, which have become serious and growing health concerns worldwide. Integration of genome-wide association study and gene co-expression networks analysis showed that the secreted phospholipase A2 group XIIA (PLA2G12A) may participate in hepatic lipids metabolism. Nevertheless, the role of PLA2G12A in lipid metabolism and its potential mechanism remain elusive. Here, we used AAV9 vector carrying human PLA2G12A gene to exogenously express hPLA2G12A in the liver of mice. We demonstrated that the overexpression of hPLA2G12A resulted in a significant decrease in serum lipid levels in wild-type mice fed with chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, hPLA2G12A treatment protected against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice fed a HFD. Notably, we found that hPLA2G12A treatment confers protection against obesity and hyperlipidemia independent of its enzymatic activity, but rather by increasing physical activity and energy expenditure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hPLA2G12A treatment induced upregulation of ApoC2 and Cd36 and downregulation of Angptl8, which contributed to the increase in clearance of circulating triglycerides and hepatic uptake of fatty acids without affecting hepatic de novo lipogenesis, very low-density lipoprotein secretion, or intestinal lipid absorption. Our study highlights the potential of PLA2G12A gene therapy as a promising approach for treating obesity, insulin resistance and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengchun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawang Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Kiyamudeen F, Rajapaksha M, Atapattu N, Kularatne SD, Schröder S, Hooper AJ, Burnett JR, Jasinge E. Homozygous LPL and GPIHBP1 variants causing familial chylomicronaemia syndrome in Sri Lankan children. Pathology 2024:S0031-3025(24)00125-9. [PMID: 38777740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Navoda Atapattu
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John R Burnett
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Eresha Jasinge
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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13
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Alahmadi H, Martinez S, Farrell R, Bikienga R, Arinzeh N, Potts C, Li Z, Warner GR. Mixtures of phthalates disrupt expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling in mouse granulosa cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592217. [PMID: 38746167 PMCID: PMC11092572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates are a class of known endocrine disrupting chemicals that are found in common everyday products. Several studies associate phthalate exposure with detrimental effects on ovarian functions, including growth and development of the follicle and production of steroid hormones. We hypothesized that dysregulation of the ovary by phthalates may be mediated by phthalate toxicity towards granulosa cells, a major cell type in ovarian follicles responsible for key steps of hormone production and nourishing the developing oocyte. To test the hypothesis that phthalates target granulosa cells, we harvested granulosa cells from adult CD-1 mouse ovaries and cultured them for 96 hours in vehicle control, a phthalate mixture, or a phthalate metabolite mixture (0.1-100 μg/mL). After culture, we measured metabolism of the phthalate mixture into monoester metabolites by the granulosa cells, finding that granulosa cells do not significantly contribute to ovarian metabolism of phthalates. Immunohistochemistry of phthalate metabolizing enzymes in whole ovaries confirmed that these enzymes are not strongly expressed in granulosa cells of antral follicles and that ovarian metabolism of phthalates likely occurs primarily in the stroma. RNA sequencing of treated granulosa cells identified 407 differentially expressed genes, with overrepresentation of genes from lipid metabolic processes, cholesterol metabolism, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. Expression of significantly differentially expressed genes related to these pathways were confirmed using qPCR. Our results agree with previous findings that phthalates and phthalate metabolites have different effects on the ovary and interfere with PPAR signaling in granulosa cells.
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14
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Gao N, Liu Y, Liu G, Liu B, Cheng Y. Sanghuangporus vaninii extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia in rats by mechanisms identified with transcriptome analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3360-3376. [PMID: 38726415 PMCID: PMC11077191 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of hyperlipidemia is a serious threat to public health. The development of effective and safe lipid-lowering drugs with few side effects is necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering activity of Sanghuangporus vaninii extract (SVE) in rat experiments and reveal the molecular mechanism by transcriptome analysis. Hyperlipidemia was induced in the animals using a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, hyperlipidemic rats were assigned into two control groups (model and positive simvastatin control) and three treatment groups that received SVE at 200, 400, or 800 mg kg-1 day-1 for another 4 weeks. A last control group comprised normal chow-fed rats. At the end of the 8th week, rats were sacrificed and lipid serum levels, histopathology, and liver transcriptome profiles were determined. SVE was demonstrated to relieve the lipid disorder and improve histopathological liver changes in a dose-dependent manner. The transcriptomic analysis identified changes in hepatocyte gene activity for major pathways including steroid biosynthesis, bile secretion, cholesterol metabolism, AMPK signaling, thyroid hormone signaling, and glucagon signaling. The changed expression of crucial genes in the different groups was confirmed by qPCR. Collectively, this study revealed that SVE could relieve hyperlipidemia in rats, the molecular mechanism might be to promote the metabolism of lipids and the excretion of cholesterol, inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and the glucagon signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Yuanzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringHeilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Vocational CollegeHarbinChina
| | - Yupeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
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15
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Wen Y, Chen YQ, Konrad RJ. Angiopoietin-like protein 8: a multifaceted protein instrumental in regulating triglyceride metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:58-65. [PMID: 37962908 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) proteins ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 are critical lipoprotein lipase (LPL) inhibitors. This review discusses the unique ability of the insulin-responsive protein ANGPTL8 to regulate triglyceride (TG) metabolism by forming ANGPTL3/8 and ANGPTL4/8 complexes that control tissue-specific LPL activities. RECENT FINDINGS After feeding, ANGPTL4/8 acts locally in adipose tissue, has decreased LPL-inhibitory activity compared to ANGPTL4, and binds tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen to generate plasmin, which cleaves ANGPTL4/8 and other LPL inhibitors. This enables LPL to be fully active postprandially to promote efficient fatty acid (FA) uptake and minimize ectopic fat deposition. In contrast, liver-derived ANGPTL3/8 acts in an endocrine manner, has markedly increased LPL-inhibitory activity compared to ANGPTL3, and potently inhibits LPL in oxidative tissues to direct TG toward adipose tissue for storage. Circulating ANGPTL3/8 levels are strongly correlated with serum TG, and the ANGPTL3/8 LPL-inhibitory epitope is blocked by the TG-lowering protein apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5). SUMMARY ANGPTL8 plays a crucial role in TG metabolism by forming ANGPTL3/8 and ANGPTL4/8 complexes that differentially modulate LPL activities in oxidative and adipose tissues respectively. Selective ANGPTL8 inhibition in the context of the ANGPTL3/8 complex has the potential to be a promising strategy for treating dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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16
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Deng M, Kersten S. Characterization of sexual dimorphism in ANGPTL4 levels and function. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100526. [PMID: 38431115 PMCID: PMC10973588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
ANGPTL4 is an attractive pharmacological target for lowering plasma triglycerides and cardiovascular risk. Since most preclinical studies on ANGPTL4 were performed in male mice, little is known about sexual dimorphism in ANGPTL4 regulation and function. Here, we aimed to study potential sexual dimorphism in ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein levels and ANGPTL4 function. Additionally, we performed exploratory studies on the function of ANGPTL4 in the liver during fasting using Angptl4-transgenic and Angptl4-/- mice. Compared to female mice, male mice showed higher hepatic and adipose ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein levels, as well as a more pronounced effect of genetic ANGPTL4 modulation on plasma lipids. By contrast, very limited sexual dimorphism in ANGPTL4 levels was observed in human liver and adipose tissue. In human and mouse adipose tissue, ANGPTL8 mRNA and/or protein levels were significantly higher in females than males. Adipose LPL protein levels were higher in female than male Angptl4-/- mice, which was abolished by ANGPTL4 (over) expression. At the human genetic level, the ANGPTL4 E40K loss-of-function variant was associated with similar plasma triglyceride reductions in women and men. Finally, ANGPTL4 ablation in fasted mice was associated with changes in hepatic gene expression consistent with PPARα activation. In conclusion, the levels of ANGPTL4 and the magnitude of the effect of ANGPTL4 on plasma lipids exhibit sexual dimorphism. Nonetheless, inactivation of ANGPTL4 should confer a similar metabolic benefit in women and men. Expression levels of ANGPTL8 in human and mouse adipose tissue are highly sexually dimorphic, showing higher levels in females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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17
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Packard CJ, Pirillo A, Tsimikas S, Ference BA, Catapano AL. Exploring apolipoprotein C-III: pathophysiological and pharmacological relevance. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2843-2857. [PMID: 38039351 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of pharmacological approaches able to effectively reduce circulating LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) has led to a substantial reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, a residual cardiovascular (CV) risk persists in treated individuals with optimal levels of LDL-C. Additional risk factors beyond LDL-C are involved, and among these, elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs) and TG-rich lipoproteins are causally associated with an increased CV risk. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a key regulator of TG metabolism and hence circulating levels through several mechanisms including the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity and alterations in the affinity of apoC-III-containing lipoproteins for both the hepatic receptors involved in their removal and extracellular matrix in the arterial wall. Genetic studies have clarified the role of apoC-III in humans, establishing a causal link with CVD and showing that loss-of-function mutations in the APOC3 gene are associated with reduced TG levels and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Currently available hypolipidaemic drugs can reduce TG levels, although to a limited extent. Substantial reductions in TG levels can be obtained with new drugs that target specifically apoC-III; these include two antisense oligonucleotides, one small interfering RNA and an antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Dyslipidaemias, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Center for the Study of Dyslipidaemias, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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18
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Wu H, Xie J, Peng W, Ji F, Qian J, Shen Q, Hou G. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1364815. [PMID: 38435369 PMCID: PMC10904544 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1364815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exogenous supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid can mechanistically regulate the energy distribution in muscle cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks. We randomly divided 480 42 days-old female Jiaji ducks into four groups with six replicates and 20 ducks for each replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet with 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg (GA400, GA600, and GA800) guanidinoacetic acid, respectively. Compared with the control group, (1) the total cholesterol (p = 0.0262), triglycerides (p = 0.0357), malondialdehyde (p = 0.0452) contents were lower in GA400, GA600 and GA800 in the liver; (2) the total cholesterol (p = 0.0365), triglycerides (p = 0.0459), and malondialdehyde (p = 0.0326) contents in breast muscle were decreased in GA400, GA600 and GA800; (3) the high density lipoprotein (p = 0.0356) and apolipoprotein-A1 (p = 0.0125) contents were increased in GA600 in the liver; (4) the apolipoprotein-A1 contents (p = 0.0489) in breast muscle were higher in GA600 and GA800; (5) the lipoprotein lipase contents (p = 0.0325) in the liver were higher in GA600 and GA800; (6) the malate dehydrogenase contents (p = 0.0269) in breast muscle were lower in GA400, GA600, and GA800; (7) the insulin induced gene 1 (p = 0.0326), fatty acid transport protein 1 (p = 0.0412), and lipoprotein lipase (p = 0.0235) relative expression were higher in GA400, GA600, and GA800 in the liver; (8) the insulin induced gene 1 (p = 0.0269), fatty acid transport protein 1 (p = 0.0234), and lipoprotein lipase (p = 0.0425) relative expression were increased in GA400, GA600, and GA800 in breast muscle. In this study, the optimum dosage of 600 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid improved the liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jinyu Qian
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Hainan Xuhuai Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Malinowski D, Safranow K, Pawlik A. LPL rs264, PROCR rs867186 and PDGF rs974819 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Unstable Angina. J Pers Med 2024; 14:213. [PMID: 38392646 PMCID: PMC10890678 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is caused by changes in the coronary arteries due to the atherosclerotic process and thrombotic changes. A very important role in the development of the atherosclerotic process in the coronary vessels is played by the inflammatory process and the immune response. Due to the important role of lipids and the coagulation process in the atherosclerotic process, research has also focused on genes affecting lipid metabolism and the coagulation system. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an enzyme that metabolises lipids, hydrolysing triglycerides to produce free fatty acids and glycerol. Protein C (PC) is an essential component of coagulation and fibrinolysis. It is activated on the endothelial surface by the membrane-bound thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has a number of important functions in processes related to fibroblast and smooth muscle cell function. Due to their influence on lipid metabolism and coagulation processes, LPL, PROCR (endothelial cell protein C receptor) and PDGF may affect the atherosclerotic process and, thus, the risk of coronary heart disease. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between the LPL rs264, PROCR rs867186 and PDGF rs974819 gene polymorphisms and the risk of unstable angina and selected clinical parameters. METHODS The study included 232 patients with unstable angina and 144 healthy subjects as the control group. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the polymorphisms tested between the patients with unstable angina and the control subjects. The results showed associations between the PROCR rs867186 and PDGF rs974819 polymorphisms and some clinical parameters in patients with unstable angina. In patients with the PDGF rs974819 CC genotype, there were increased values for cholesterol and LDL serum levels in comparison with patients with the PDGF rs974819 CT and TT genotypes. In patients with the PROCR rs867186 AA genotype, HDL serum levels were lower than in patients with the GA genotype. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study did not show that the LPL rs264, PROCR rs867186 and PDGF rs974819 gene polymorphisms were significant risk factors for unstable angina in our population. The results of the study suggest that PDGF rs974819 and PROCR rs867186 may be associated with some parameters of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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20
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Zhao H, Liu X, Amantai X, Bi J, Cao X, Yue X. Characterization and Comparison Analysis of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins between Human and Porcine Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3210-3217. [PMID: 38291649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the differences in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins between human milk (HM) and porcine milk (PM) using a label-free quantitative proteomic approach. A total of 3920 and 4001 MFGM proteins were identified between PM and HM, respectively. Among them, 3520 common MFGM proteins were detected, including 956 significant differentially expressed MFGM proteins (DEPs). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEPs were highly enriched in the lipid metabolic process and intrinsic component of membrane. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways suggested that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum was the most highly enriched pathway, followed by peroxisome, complement, and coagulation cascades. This study reflects the difference in the composition of MFGM proteins between HM and PM and provides a scientific and systematic reference for the development of MFGM protein nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiakouna Amantai
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiayang Bi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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21
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Fortunato IM, Pereira QC, Oliveira FDS, Alvarez MC, dos Santos TW, Ribeiro ML. Metabolic Insights into Caffeine's Anti-Adipogenic Effects: An Exploration through Intestinal Microbiota Modulation in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1803. [PMID: 38339081 PMCID: PMC10855966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic condition marked by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, not only affects individual well-being but also significantly inflates healthcare costs. The physiological excess of fat manifests as triglyceride (TG) deposition within adipose tissue, with white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion via adipocyte hyperplasia being a key adipogenesis mechanism. As efforts intensify to address this global health crisis, understanding the complex interplay of contributing factors becomes critical for effective public health interventions and improved patient outcomes. In this context, gut microbiota-derived metabolites play an important role in orchestrating obesity modulation. Microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), secondary bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and trimethylamine (TMA) are the main intestinal metabolites in dyslipidemic states. Emerging evidence highlights the microbiota's substantial role in influencing host metabolism and subsequent health outcomes, presenting new avenues for therapeutic strategies, including polyphenol-based manipulations of these microbial populations. Among various agents, caffeine emerges as a potent modulator of metabolic pathways, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and obesity-mitigating properties. Notably, caffeine's anti-adipogenic potential, attributed to the downregulation of key adipogenesis regulators, has been established. Recent findings further indicate that caffeine's influence on obesity may be mediated through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolic byproducts. Therefore, the present review summarizes the anti-adipogenic effect of caffeine in modulating obesity through the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
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22
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Keshvari S, Masson JJR, Ferrari-Cestari M, Bodea LG, Nooru-Mohamed F, Tse BWC, Sokolowski KA, Batoon L, Patkar OL, Sullivan MA, Ebersbach H, Stutz C, Parton RG, Summers KM, Pettit AR, Hume DA, Irvine KM. Reversible expansion of tissue macrophages in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) transforms systemic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E149-E165. [PMID: 38117267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages regulate metabolic homeostasis in health and disease. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1)-dependent macrophages contribute to homeostatic control of the size of the liver. This study aimed to determine the systemic metabolic consequences of elevating circulating CSF1. Acute administration of a CSF1-Fc fusion protein to mice led to monocytosis, increased resident tissue macrophages in the liver and all major organs, and liver growth. These effects were associated with increased hepatic glucose uptake and extensive mobilization of body fat. The impacts of CSF1 on macrophage abundance, liver size, and body composition were rapidly reversed to restore homeostasis. The effects of CSF1 on metabolism were independent of several known endocrine regulators and did not impact the physiological fasting response. Analysis using implantable telemetry in metabolic cages revealed progressively reduced body temperature and physical activity with no change in diurnal food intake. These results demonstrate the existence of a dynamic equilibrium between CSF1, the mononuclear phagocyte system, and control of liver-to-body weight ratio, which in turn controls systemic metabolic homeostasis. This novel macrophage regulatory axis has the potential to promote fat mobilization, without changes in appetence, which may have novel implications for managing metabolic syndrome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CSF1 administration expands tissue macrophages, which transforms systemic metabolism. CSF1 drives fat mobilization and glucose uptake to support liver growth. The effects of CSF1 are independent of normal hormonal metabolic regulation. The effects of CSF1 are rapidly reversible, restoring homeostatic body composition. CSF1-dependent macrophages and liver size are coupled in a dynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesse J R Masson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liviu-Gabriel Bodea
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fathima Nooru-Mohamed
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian W C Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hilmar Ebersbach
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cian Stutz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Papadopoulou P, van der Pol R, van Hilten N, van Os WL, Pattipeiluhu R, Arias-Alpizar G, Knol RA, Noteborn W, Moradi MA, Ferraz MJ, Aerts JMFG, Sommerdijk N, Campbell F, Risselada HJ, Sevink GJA, Kros A. Phase-Separated Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: Selective Behavior at the Nano-Bio Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310872. [PMID: 37988682 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-protein interface on lipid-based nanoparticles influences their in vivo behavior. Better understanding may evolve current drug delivery methods toward effective targeted nanomedicine. Previously, the cell-selective accumulation of a liposome formulation in vivo is demonstrated, through the recognition of lipid phase-separation by triglyceride lipases. This exemplified how liposome morphology and composition can determine nanoparticle-protein interactions. Here, the lipase-induced compositional and morphological changes of phase-separated liposomes-which bear a lipid droplet in their bilayer- are investigated, and the mechanism upon which lipases recognize and bind to the particles is unravelled. The selective lipolytic degradation of the phase-separated lipid droplet is observed, while nanoparticle integrity remains intact. Next, the Tryptophan-rich loop of the lipase is identified as the region with which the enzymes bind to the particles. This preferential binding is due to lipid packing defects induced on the liposome surface by phase separation. In parallel, the existing knowledge that phase separation leads to in vivo selectivity, is utilized to generate phase-separated mRNA-LNPs that target cell-subsets in zebrafish embryos, with subsequent mRNA delivery and protein expression. Together, these findings can expand the current knowledge on selective nanoparticle-protein communications and in vivo behavior, aspects that will assist to gain control of lipid-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Papadopoulou
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne van der Pol
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Niek van Hilten
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Winant L van Os
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Pattipeiluhu
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Arias-Alpizar
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Renzo Aron Knol
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Noteborn
- NeCEN, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 AL, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Joao Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nico Sommerdijk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical BioSciences and Radboud Technology Center - Electron Microscopy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Herre Jelger Risselada
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Technical University Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Geert Jan Agur Sevink
- Department of Biophysical Organic Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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24
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Tate NM, Underwood M, Thomas-Hollands A, Minor KM, Cullen JN, Friedenberg SG, Mickelson JR, Xenoulis PG, Steiner JM, Furrow E. Sequence Analysis of Six Candidate Genes in Miniature Schnauzers with Primary Hypertriglyceridemia. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:193. [PMID: 38397183 PMCID: PMC10888295 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Miniature Schnauzers are predisposed to primary hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of eight Miniature Schnauzers with primary HTG and screened for risk variants in six HTG candidate genes: LPL, APOC2, APOA5, GPIHBP1, LMF1, and APOE. Variants were filtered to identify those present in ≥2 Miniature Schnauzers with primary HTG and uncommon (<10% allele frequency) in a WGS variant database including 613 dogs from 61 other breeds. Three variants passed filtering: an APOE TATA box deletion, an LMF1 intronic SNP, and a GPIHBP1 missense variant. The APOE and GPIHBP1 variants were genotyped in a cohort of 108 Miniature Schnauzers, including 68 with primary HTG and 40 controls. A multivariable regression model, including age and sex, did not identify an effect of APOE (estimate = 0.18, std. error = 0.14; p = 0.20) or GPIHBP1 genotypes (estimate = -0.26, std. error = 0.42; p = 0.54) on triglyceride concentration. In conclusion, we did not identify a monogenic cause for primary HTG in Miniature Schnauzers in the six genes evaluated. However, if HTG in Miniature Schnauzers is a complex disease resulting from the cumulative effects of multiple variants and environment, the identified variants cannot be ruled out as contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Tate
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.M.); (S.G.F.); (E.F.)
| | - Michaela Underwood
- VCA Veterinary Specialty & Emergency Center of Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA;
| | | | - Katie M. Minor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.M.); (S.G.F.); (E.F.)
| | - Jonah N. Cullen
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Steven G. Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.M.); (S.G.F.); (E.F.)
| | - James R. Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Panagiotis G. Xenoulis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Eva Furrow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.M.); (S.G.F.); (E.F.)
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25
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Alves M, Laranjeira F, Correia-da-Silva G. Understanding Hypertriglyceridemia: Integrating Genetic Insights. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:190. [PMID: 38397180 PMCID: PMC10887881 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is an exceptionally complex metabolic disorder characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis and cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease. Its phenotype expression is widely heterogeneous and heavily influenced by conditions as obesity, alcohol consumption, or metabolic syndromes. Looking into the genetic underpinnings of hypertriglyceridemia, this review focuses on the genetic variants in LPL, APOA5, APOC2, GPIHBP1 and LMF1 triglyceride-regulating genes reportedly associated with abnormal genetic transcription and the translation of proteins participating in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Hypertriglyceridemia resulting from such genetic abnormalities can be categorized as monogenic or polygenic. Monogenic hypertriglyceridemia, also known as familial chylomicronemia syndrome, is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the five canonical genes. Polygenic hypertriglyceridemia, also known as multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome in extreme cases of hypertriglyceridemia, is caused by heterozygous pathogenic genetic variants with variable penetrance affecting the canonical genes, and a set of common non-pathogenic genetic variants (polymorphisms, using the former nomenclature) with well-established association with elevated triglyceride levels. We further address recent progress in triglyceride-lowering treatments. Understanding the genetic basis of hypertriglyceridemia opens new translational opportunities in the scope of genetic screening and the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Alves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Laranjeira
- CGM—Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António (CHUdSA), 4099-028 Porto, Portugal;
- UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-346 Porto, Portugal
- ITR—Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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26
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Wei X, Lu Y, Lin LL, Zhang C, Chen X, Wang S, Wu SA, Li ZJ, Quan Y, Sun S, Qi L. Proteomic screens of SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation substrates reveal its role in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein biogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:659. [PMID: 38253565 PMCID: PMC10803770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays indispensable roles in many physiological processes; however, the nature of endogenous substrates remains largely elusive. Here we report a proteomics strategy based on the intrinsic property of the SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD complex to identify endogenous ERAD substrates both in vitro and in vivo. Following stringent filtering using a machine learning algorithm, over 100 high-confidence potential substrates are identified in human HEK293T and mouse brown adipose tissue, among which ~88% are cell type-specific. One of the top shared hits is the catalytic subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-transamidase complex, PIGK. Indeed, SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD attenuates the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins by specifically targeting PIGK for proteasomal degradation. Lastly, several PIGK disease variants in inherited GPI deficiency disorders are also SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD substrates. This study provides a platform and resources for future effort to identify proteome-wide endogenous substrates in vivo, and implicates SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in many cellular processes including the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Zexin Jason Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yujun Quan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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27
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Danielewski M, Rapak A, Kruszyńska A, Małodobra-Mazur M, Oleszkiewicz P, Dzimira S, Kucharska AZ, Słupski W, Matuszewska A, Nowak B, Szeląg A, Piórecki N, Zaleska-Dorobisz U, Sozański T. Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extract Lowers SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in Liver and Alters Various PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, LXR-α Target Genes in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1199. [PMID: 38256272 PMCID: PMC10816641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits, abundant in iridoids and anthocyanins, are natural products with proven beneficial impacts on the functions of the cardiovascular system and the liver. This study aims to assess and compare whether and to what extent two different doses of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract (10 mg/kg b.w. or 50 mg/kg b.w.) applied in a cholesterol-rich diet rabbit model affect the levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and various liver X receptor-α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) target genes. Moreover, the aim is to evaluate the resistive index (RI) of common carotid arteries (CCAs) and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs. For this purpose, the levels of SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), endothelial lipase (LIPG), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in liver tissue were measured. Also, the levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in visceral adipose tissue were measured. The RI of CCAs and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs, were indicated. The oral administration of the cornelian cherry extract decreased the SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in both doses. The dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. increased ABCA1 and decreased FAS, CPT1A, and RBP4, and the dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. enhanced ABCG1 and AdipoR2. Mitigations in atheromatous changes in rabbits' CCAs were also observed. The obtained outcomes were compared to the results of our previous works. The beneficial results confirm that cornelian cherry fruit extract may constitute a potentially effective product in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Danielewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Angelika Kruszyńska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics II, Lower Silesian Center of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Słupski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Bolestraszyce 130, 37-722 Wyszatyce, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Cicha 2A, 35-326 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Urszula Zaleska-Dorobisz
- Department of General and Pediatric Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 50/52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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28
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Gugliucci A. The chylomicron saga: time to focus on postprandial metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1322869. [PMID: 38303975 PMCID: PMC10830840 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1322869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Since statins have had such tremendous therapeutic success over the last three decades, the field of atherosclerosis has become somewhat LDL-centric, dismissing the relevance of triglycerides (TG), particularly chylomicrons, in atherogenesis. Nonetheless, 50% of patients who take statins are at risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and are unable to achieve their goal LDL-C levels. This residual risk is mediated, in part by triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL) and their remnants. Following his seminal investigation on the subject, Zilversmit proposed that atherosclerosis is a postprandial event in 1979 (1-4). In essence, the concept suggests that remnant cholesterol-rich chylomicron (CM) and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles play a role in atherogenesis. Given the foregoing, this narrative review addresses the most recent improvements in our understanding of postprandial dyslipidemia. The primary metabolic pathways of chylomicrons are discussed, emphasizing the critical physiological role of lipoprotein lipase and apoCIII, the importance of these particles' fluxes in the postprandial period, their catabolic rate, the complexities of testing postprandial metabolism, and the role of angiopoietin-like proteins in the partition of CM during the fed cycle. The narrative is rounded out by the dysregulation of postprandial lipid metabolism in insulin resistance states and consequent CVD risk, the clinical evaluation of postprandial dyslipidemia, current research limits, and potential future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
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Chen J, Fang Z, Luo Q, Wang X, Warda M, Das A, Oldoni F, Luo F. Unlocking the mysteries of VLDL: exploring its production, intracellular trafficking, and metabolism as therapeutic targets. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:14. [PMID: 38216994 PMCID: PMC10785355 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing circulating lipid levels is the centerpiece of strategies for preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite many available lipid-lowering medications, a substantial residual cardiovascular risk remains. Current clinical guidelines focus on plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Recent attention has been given to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), the precursor to LDL, and its role in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Preclinical investigations have revealed that interventions targeting VLDL production or promoting VLDL metabolism, independent of the LDL receptor, can potentially decrease cholesterol levels and provide therapeutic benefits. Currently, methods, such as mipomersen, lomitapide, and ANGPTL3 inhibitors, are used to reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels by regulating the lipidation, secretion, and metabolism of VLDL. Targeting VLDL represents an avenue for new lipid-lowering strategies. Interventions aimed at reducing VLDL production or enhancing VLDL metabolism, independent of the LDL receptor, hold promise for lowering cholesterol levels and providing therapeutic benefits beyond LDL in the management of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhenfei Fang
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mohamad Warda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Avash Das
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215-5400, USA
| | - Federico Oldoni
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fei Luo
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Yuan C, Xu Y, Lu G, Hu Y, Mao W, Ke L, Tong Z, Xia Y, Ma S, Dong X, Xian X, Wu X, Liu G, Li B, Li W. AAV-mediated hepatic LPL expression ameliorates severe hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis in Gpihbp1 deficient mice and rats. Mol Ther 2024; 32:59-73. [PMID: 37974401 PMCID: PMC10787151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
GPIHBP1 plays an important role in the hydrolysis of triglyceride (TG) lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipases (LPLs). However, Gpihbp1 knockout mice did not develop hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) during the suckling period but developed severe HTG after weaning on a chow diet. It has been postulated that LPL expression in the liver of suckling mice may be involved. To determine whether hepatic LPL expression could correct severe HTG in Gpihbp1 deficiency, liver-targeted LPL expression was achieved via intravenous administration of the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-human LPL gene, and the effects of AAV-LPL on HTG and HTG-related acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) were observed. Suckling Gpihbp1-/- mice with high hepatic LPL expression did not develop HTG, whereas Gpihbp1-/- rat pups without hepatic LPL expression developed severe HTG. AAV-mediated liver-targeted LPL expression dose-dependently decreased plasma TG levels in Gpihbp1-/- mice and rats, increased post-heparin plasma LPL mass and activity, decreased mortality in Gpihbp1-/- rat pups, and reduced the susceptibility and severity of both Gpihbp1-/- animals to HTG-AP. However, the muscle expression of AAV-LPL had no significant effect on HTG. Targeted expression of LPL in the liver showed no obvious adverse reactions. Thus, liver-targeted LPL expression may be a new therapeutic approach for HTG-AP caused by GPIHBP1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuepeng Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wenjian Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yan Xia
- GeneCradle Therapeutics Inc, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Sisi Ma
- GeneCradle Therapeutics Inc, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- GeneCradle Therapeutics Inc, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- GeneCradle Therapeutics Inc, Beijing 100176, China
| | - George Liu
- GeneCradle Therapeutics Inc, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Baiqiang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Cui X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Bao L, Jiao F, Liu S, Wang H, Wei X, Qian W, Shi X, Su C, Qian Y. Mulberry leaves supplementation alters lipid metabolism and promotes fatty acid β oxidation in growing mutton sheep. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae076. [PMID: 38908013 PMCID: PMC11196999 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves (MLs) are an unconventional feed with fiber and various active ingredients, and are acknowledged as likely to regulate lipid metabolism, while the molecular mechanism remains undefined. Therefore, our objective was to define the role of MLs on the overall lipid metabolism. We conducted a feeding experiment of three groups on growing mutton sheep fed with dried mulberry leaves (DMLs), with fermented mulberry leaves (FMLs), or without MLs (as control). Analyses of transcriptome and widely target lipids demonstrated the addition of MLs triggered big perturbations in genes and metabolites related to glycerolipid, phospholipid, ether lipid, and sphingolipid metabolism. Additionally, the variations of the above lipids in the treatment of MLs possibly facilitate immunity enhancement of growing mutton sheep via the activation of complement and coagulation cascades. Furthermore, treatments with MLs could expedite proceedings of lipid degradation and fatty acid β oxidation in mitochondria, thereby to achieve the effect of lipid reduction. Besides, added DMLs also fuel fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisomes and own much stronger lipolysis than added FMLs, possibly attributed to high fiber content in DMLs. These findings establish the novel lipid-lowering role and immune protection of MLs, which lays the foundation for the medicinal application of MLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Minjuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lijun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hexin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinlan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yonghua Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shenzhen Fengnong Holding Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
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Strøm TB, Tveita AA, Bogsrud MP, Leren TP. Molecular genetic testing and measurement of levels of GPIHBP1 autoantibodies in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia: The importance of identifying the underlying cause of hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e80-e89. [PMID: 37981531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe hypertriglyceridemia can be caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. A key protein in this respect is lipoprotein lipase (LPL) which hydrolyzes triglycerides in these lipoproteins. Another important protein is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) which transports LPL to the luminal side of the endothelial cells. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify a genetic cause of hypertriglyceridemia in 459 consecutive unrelated subjects with levels of serum triglycerides ≥20 mmol/l. These patients had been referred for molecular genetic testing from 1998 to 2021. In addition, we wanted to study whether GPIHBP1 autoantibodies also were a cause of hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS Molecular genetic analyses of the genes encoding LPL, GPIHBP1, apolipoprotein C2, lipase maturation factor 1 and apolipoprotein A5 as well as apolipoprotein E genotyping, were performed in all 459 patients. Serum was obtained from 132 of the patients for measurement of GPIHBP1 autoantibodies approximately nine years after molecular genetic testing was performed. RESULTS A monogenic cause was found in four of the 459 (0.9%) patients, and nine (2.0%) patients had dyslipoproteinemia due to homozygosity for apolipoprotein E2. One of the 132 (0.8%) patients had GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome. CONCLUSION Only 0.9% of the patients had monogenic hypertriglyceridemia, and only 0.8% had GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome. The latter figure is most likely an underestimate because serum samples were obtained approximately nine years after hypertriglyceridemia was first identified. There is a need to implement measurement of GPIHBP1 autoantibodies in clinical medicine to secure that proper therapeutic actions are taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Strøm, Bogsrud, Leren).
| | - Anders Aune Tveita
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Dr Tveita)
| | - Martin Prøven Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Strøm, Bogsrud, Leren)
| | - Trond P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Strøm, Bogsrud, Leren)
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Wheless A, Gunn KH, Neher SB. Macromolecular Interactions of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL). Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:139-179. [PMID: 38963487 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a critical enzyme in humans that provides fuel to peripheral tissues. LPL hydrolyzes triglycerides from the cores of lipoproteins that are circulating in plasma and interacts with receptors to mediate lipoprotein uptake, thus directing lipid distribution via catalytic and non-catalytic functions. Functional losses in LPL or any of its myriad of regulators alter lipid homeostasis and potentially affect the risk of developing cardiovascular disease-either increasing or decreasing the risk depending on the mutated protein. The extensive LPL regulatory network tunes LPL activity to allocate fatty acids according to the energetic needs of the organism and thus is nutritionally responsive and tissue dependent. Multiple pharmaceuticals in development manipulate or mimic these regulators, demonstrating their translational importance. Another facet of LPL biology is that the oligomeric state of the enzyme is also central to its regulation. Recent structural studies have solidified the idea that LPL is regulated not only by interactions with other binding partners but also by self-associations. Here, we review the complexities of the protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions that govern LPL structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wheless
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn H Gunn
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Saskia B Neher
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Zhu J, Wilding JPH. Body Fat Depletion: the Yin Paradigm for Treating Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:1-10. [PMID: 38148417 PMCID: PMC10776473 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight that body fat depletion (the Yin paradigm) with glucose-lowering treatments (the Yang paradigm) are associated with metabolic benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RECENT FINDINGS The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor-mediated sodium/glucose deprivation can directly improve glycemic control and kidney outcome in patients with T2DM. The glucose deprivation might also promote systemic fatty acid β-oxidation to deplete ectopic/visceral fat and thereby contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. As with metabolic surgery, bioengineered incretin-based medications with potent anorexigenic and insulinotropic efficacy can significantly reduce blood glucose as well as body weight (especially in the ectopic/visceral fat depots). The latter effects could be a key contributor to their cardiovascular-renal protective effects. In addition to a healthy diet, the newer glucose-lowering medications, with body fat reduction effects, should be prioritized when treating patients with T2DM, especially for those with established cardiovascular/renal risks or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, UK
| | - John P H Wilding
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, UK.
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Chomiciute G, Alcaide-Hidalgo JM, Crescenti A, Baselga-Escudero L, Palacios-Jordan H, Foguet-Romero E, Pedret A, Valls RM, Solà R, Mulero M, Del Bas JM. Developing a model to predict the early risk of hypertriglyceridemia based on inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL): a translational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22646. [PMID: 38114521 PMCID: PMC10730820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). One of the multiple origins of HTG alteration is impaired lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, which is an emerging target for HTG treatment. We hypothesised that early, even mild, alterations in LPL activity might result in an identifiable metabolomic signature. The aim of the present study was to assess whether a metabolic signature of altered LPL activity in a preclinical model can be identified in humans. A preclinical LPL-dependent model of HTG was developed using a single intraperitoneal injection of poloxamer 407 (P407) in male Wistar rats. A rat metabolomics signature was identified, which led to a predictive model developed using machine learning techniques. The predictive model was applied to 140 humans classified according to clinical guidelines as (1) normal, less than 1.7 mmol/L; (2) risk of HTG, above 1.7 mmol/L. Injection of P407 in rats induced HTG by effectively inhibiting plasma LPL activity. Significantly responsive metabolites (i.e. specific triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol esters and lysophospholipids) were used to generate a predictive model. Healthy human volunteers with the impaired predictive LPL signature had statistically higher levels of TG, TC, LDL and APOB than those without the impaired LPL signature. The application of predictive metabolomic models based on mechanistic preclinical research may be considered as a strategy to stratify subjects with HTG of different origins. This approach may be of interest for precision medicine and nutritional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gertruda Chomiciute
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Anna Crescenti
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Hector Palacios-Jordan
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Av/del Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Àrea Biotecnologia, Reus, Spain.
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Larouche M, Khoury E, Brisson D, Gaudet D. Inhibition of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 or 3/8 Complex and ApoC-III in Severe Hypertriglyceridemia. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:1101-1111. [PMID: 38095804 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of the inhibition of ANGPTL3 in severe or refractory hypercholesterolemia is well documented, less in severe hyperTG. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical development of ApoC-III inhibitors and ANGPTL3, 4, and 3/8 complex inhibitors for the treatment of severe or refractory forms of hypertriglyceridemia to prevent cardiovascular disease or other morbidities. RECENT FINDINGS APOC3 and ANGPTL3 became targets for drug development following the identification of naturally occurring loss of function variants in families with a favorable lipid profile and low cardiovascular risk. The inhibition of ANGPTL3 covers a broad spectrum of lipid disorders from severe hypercholesterolemia to severe hypertriglyceridemia, while the inhibition of ApoC-III can treat hypertriglyceridemia regardless of the severity. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that ApoC-III inhibitors, ANGPTL3 inhibitors, and inhibitors of the ANGPTL3/8 complex that is formed postprandially are highly effective for the treatment of severe or refractory hypertriglyceridemia. Inhibition of ANGPTL3 or the ANGPTL3/8 complex upregulates LPL and facilitates the hydrolysis and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) (LPL-dependent mechanisms), whereas ApoC-III inhibitors contribute to the management and clearance of TRL through both LPL-dependent and LPL-independent mechanisms making it possible to successfully lower TG in subjects completely lacking LPL (familial chylomicronemia syndrome). Most of these agents are biologicals including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antisense nucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), or CRISPR-cas gene editing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Larouche
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Khoury
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Brisson
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada.
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Wu H, Xu H, Lei S, Yang Z, Yang S, Du J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Hu Z. Loss-of-Function Homozygous Variant in LPL Causes Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia and Renal Lipidosis. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2428-2438. [PMID: 38025240 PMCID: PMC10658268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an important enzyme in lipid metabolism, individuals with LPL gene variants could present type I hyperlipoproteinemia, lipemia retinalis, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancreatitis. To date, there are no reports of renal lipidosis induced by type I hyperlipoproteinemia due to LPL mutation. Methods Renal biopsy was conducted to confirm the etiological factor of nephrotic syndrome in a 44-year-old Chinese man. Lipoprotein electrophoresis, apoE genotype detection, and whole-exome sequencing were performed to confirm the dyslipidemia type and genetic factor. Analysis of the 3-dimensional protein structure and in vitro functional study were conducted to verify variant pathogenicity. Results Renal biopsy revealed numerous CD68 positive foam cells infiltrated in the glomeruli; immunoglobulin and complement staining were negative; and electron microscopy revealed numerous lipid droplets and cholesterol clefts in the cytoplasm of foam cells. Lipoprotein electrophoresis revealed that the patient fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of type I hyperlipoproteinemia. The apoE genotype of the patient was the ε3/ε3 genotype. Whole-exome sequencing revealed an LPL (c.292G > A, p.A98T) homozygous variant with α-helix instability and reduced post-heparin LPL activity but normal lipid uptake capability compared to the wild-type variant. Conclusion LPL (c.292G > A, p.A98T) is a pathogenic variant that causes renal lipidosis associated with type I hyperlipoproteinemia. This study provides adequate evidence of the causal relationship between dyslipidemia and renal lesions. However, further research is needed to better understand the pathogenetic mechanism of LPL variant-related renal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxue Du
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhangxue Hu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Carulla P, Badia-Villanueva M, Civit S, Carrascal M, Abian J, Ricart-Jané D, Llobera M, Casanovas A, López-Tejero MD. The response to fasting and refeeding reveals functional regulation of lipoprotein lipase proteoforms. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1271149. [PMID: 37916217 PMCID: PMC10617031 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1271149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is responsible for the intravascular catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and plays a central role in whole-body energy balance and lipid homeostasis. As such, LPL is subject to tissue-specific regulation in different physiological conditions, but the mechanisms of this regulation remain incompletely characterized. Previous work revealed that LPL comprises a set of proteoforms with different isoelectric points, but their regulation and functional significance have not been studied thus far. Here we studied the distribution of LPL proteoforms in different rat tissues and their regulation under physiological conditions. First, analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis and Western blot showed different patterns of LPL proteoforms (i.e., different pI or relative abundance of LPL proteoforms) in different rat tissues under basal conditions, which could be related to the tissue-specific regulation of the enzyme. Next, the comparison of LPL proteoforms from heart and brown adipose tissue between adults and 15-day-old rat pups, two conditions with minimal regulation of LPL in these tissues, yielded virtually the same tissue-specific patterns of LPL proteoforms. In contrast, the pronounced downregulation of LPL activity observed in white adipose tissue during fasting is accompanied by a prominent reconfiguration of the LPL proteoform pattern. Furthermore, refeeding reverts this downregulation of LPL activity and restores the pattern of LPL proteoforms in this tissue. Importantly, this reversible proteoform-specific regulation during fasting and refeeding indicates that LPL proteoforms are functionally diverse. Further investigation of potential differences in the functional properties of LPL proteoforms showed that all proteoforms exhibit lipolytic activity and have similar heparin-binding affinity, although other functional aspects remain to be investigated. Overall, this study demonstrates the ubiquity, differential distribution and specific regulation of LPL proteoforms in rat tissues and underscores the need to consider the existence of LPL proteoforms for a complete understanding of LPL regulation under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Carulla
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Míriam Badia-Villanueva
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Civit
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- Biological and Environmental Proteomics, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IIBB-CSIC/IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Abian
- Biological and Environmental Proteomics, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IIBB-CSIC/IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ricart-Jané
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Llobera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Casanovas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Dolores López-Tejero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Ma J, Liu H, Liu M, Xu J, Lu J, Cao S, Li S, Ma S, Wang Z, Zhu X, Li D, Sun H, Shi Y, Cui Y. Effects of Diets Combining Peanut Vine and Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Rumen Microbiota of Simmental Crossbred Cattle. Foods 2023; 12:3786. [PMID: 37893679 PMCID: PMC10606686 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut vine is a typical peanut by-product and can be used as a quality roughage resource. Whole-plant corn silage is a commonly used roughage. However, few studies have investigated the effects of diets combining peanut vine and whole-plant corn silage on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, rumen fermentation and microbiota of beef cattle. To investigate these effects, eighty Simmental crossbred cattle (body weight, 451.27 ± 10.38 kg) approximately 14 months old were randomly divided into four treatments for a 90-day feeding experiment. A one-way design method was used in this experiment. According to the roughage composition, the cattle were divided into a control treatment of 45% wheat straw and 55% whole-plant corn silage (WG), and three treatments of 25% peanut vine and 75% whole-plant corn silage (LPG), 45% peanut vine and 55% whole-plant corn silage (MPG), and 65% peanut vine and 35% whole-plant corn silage (HPG), and the concentrate was the same for all four treatment diets. The results showed that compared to the WG group, the MPG group experienced an increase in their average daily feed intake of 14%, an average daily gain of 32%, and an increase in SOD activity in the spleen of 33%; in the meat, dry matter content increased by 11%, crude protein by 9%, and ether extract content by 40%; in the rumen, the NH3-N content was reduced by 36%, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased (p < 0.05). These results showed the composition of 45% peanut vine and 55% whole-plant corn silage in the roughage improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, rumen fermentation, and microbiota of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Junying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Jiading Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Chen YQ, Zhen EY, Russell AM, Ehsani M, Siegel RW, Qian Y, Konrad RJ. Decoding the role of angiopoietin-like protein 4/8 complex-mediated plasmin generation in the regulation of LPL activity. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100441. [PMID: 37666362 PMCID: PMC10550811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After feeding, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity should be maximized, therefore the potent LPL-inhibitory activity of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) must be blocked by ANGPTL8 through formation of ANGPTL4/8 complexes. ANGPTL4/8 tightly binds and protects LPL but also partially inhibits its activity. Recently, we demonstrated ANGPTL4/8 also binds tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen to generate plasmin that cleaves ANGPTL4/8 to restore LPL activity. Although fully active LPL in the fat postprandially is desirable, ANGPTL4/8 removal could subject LPL to profound inhibition by ANGPTL3/8 (the most potent circulating LPL inhibitor), inhibition by other LPL inhibitors like ANGPTL4, ANGPTL3, and ApoC3 or interfere with ApoC2-mediated LPL activation. To understand better these potential paradoxes, we examined LPL inhibition by ANGPTL3/8, ANGPTL4, ANGPTL3, and ApoC3 and LPL stimulation by ApoC2 in the presence of ANGPTL4/8 + tPA + plasminogen. Remarkably, ANGPTL3/8-mediated LPL inhibition was almost completely blocked, with the mechanism being cleavage of fibrinogen-like domain-containing ANGPTL3 present in the ANGPTL3/8 complex. The LPL-inhibitory effects of ANGPTL4, ANGPTL3, and ApoC3 were also largely reduced in the presence of ANGPTL4/8 + tPA + plasminogen. In contrast, the ability of ApoC2 to stimulate LPL activity was unaffected by ANGPTL4/8-mediated plasmin generation. Together, these results explain how plasmin generated by increased postprandial ANGPTL4/8 levels in adipose tissue enables maximal LPL activity by preventing ANGPTL3/8, ANGPTL4, ANGPTL3, and ApoC3 from inhibiting LPL, while permitting ApoC2-mediated LPL activation to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Q Chen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eugene Y Zhen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anna M Russell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mariam Ehsani
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert W Siegel
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yuewei Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert J Konrad
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Gugliucci A. Sugar and Dyslipidemia: A Double-Hit, Perfect Storm. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5660. [PMID: 37685728 PMCID: PMC10488931 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of sugar has expanded over the past 50 years, due to improved industrial processes and corn subsidies, particularly in the form of sweetened beverages. This correlates with a surge in the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders, which has brought this issue back into the spotlight for public health. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of fructose in the genesis of cardiometabolic dyslipidemia (an increase in serum triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL): VLDL, chylomicrons (CM), and their remnants) bringing together the most recent data on humans, which demonstrates the crucial interaction between glucose and fructose, increasing the synthesis while decreasing the catabolism of these particles in a synergistic downward spiral. After reviewing TRL metabolism, we discuss the fundamental principles governing the metabolism of fructose in the intestine and liver and the effects of dysregulated fructolysis, in conjunction with the activation of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) by glucose and the resulting crosstalk. The first byproduct of fructose catabolism, fructose-1-P, is highlighted for its function as a signaling molecule that promotes fat synthesis. We emphasize the role of fructose/glucose interaction in the liver, which enhances de novo lipogenesis, triglyceride (TG) synthesis, and VLDL production. In addition, we draw attention to current research that demonstrates how fructose affects the activity of lipoprotein lipase by increasing the concentration of inhibitors such as apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), which reduce the catabolism of VLDL and chylomicrons and cause the building up of their atherogenic remnants. The end outcome is a dual, synergistic, and harmful action that encourages atherogenesis. Thus, considering the growing concerns regarding the connection between sugar consumption and cardiometabolic disease, current research strongly supports the actions of public health organizations aimed at reducing sugar intake, including dietary guidance addressing "safe" limits for sugar consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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Sviridov D, Dasseux A, Reimund M, Pryor M, Drake SK, Jarin Z, Wolska A, Pastor RW, Remaley AT. Short hydrocarbon stapled ApoC2-mimetic peptides activate lipoprotein lipase and lower plasma triglycerides in mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1223920. [PMID: 37547254 PMCID: PMC10403075 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1223920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Defects in lipolysis can lead to hypertriglyceridemia, which can trigger acute pancreatitis and is also associated with cardiovascular disease. Decreasing plasma triglycerides (TGs) by activating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) with ApoC2 mimetic peptides is a new treatment strategy for hypertriglyceridemia. We recently described a dual ApoC2 mimetic/ApoC3 antagonist peptide called D6PV that effectively lowered TG in several mouse models but has limitations in terms of drug development. The aim of this study was to create the next generation of ApoC2 mimetic peptides. Methods We employed hydrocarbon staples, as well as select amino acid substitutions, to make short single helical mimetic peptides based on the last helix of ApoC2. Peptides were first tested for their ability to activate LPL and then in hypertriglyceridemia mouse models. All-atom simulations of peptides were performed in a lipid-trilayer model of TG-rich lipoproteins to discern their possible mechanism of action. Results We designed a single stapled peptide called SP1 (21 residues), and a double stapled (stitched) peptide called SP2 (21 residues) and its N-terminal acylated analogue, SP2a. The hydrocarbon staples increased the amphipathicity of the peptides and their ability to bind lipids without interfering with LPL activation. Indeed, from all-atom simulations, the conformations of SP1 and SP2a are restrained by the staples and maintains the proper orientation of the LPL activation motif, while still allowing their deeper insertion into the lipid-trilayer model. Intraperitoneal injection of stapled peptides (1-5 umoles/kg) into ApoC2-hypomorphic mice or human ApoC3-transgenic resulted in an 80%-90% reduction in plasma TG within 3 h, similar to the much longer D6PV peptide (41 residues). Other modifications (replacement L-Glu20, L-Glu21 with their D-isomers, N-methylation of Gly19, Met2NorLeu and Ala1alpha-methylAla substitutions, N-terminal octanoylation) were introduced into the SP2a peptide. These changes made SP2a highly resistant to proteolysis against trypsin, pepsin, and Proteinase K, while maintaining similar efficacy in lowering plasma TG in mice. Conclusion We describe a new generation of ApoC2 mimetic peptides based on hydron carbon stapling that are at least equally potent to earlier peptides but are much shorter and resistant to proteolysis and could be further developed into a new therapy for hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sviridov
- Laboratory of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amaury Dasseux
- Laboratory of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mart Reimund
- Laboratory of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Milton Pryor
- Laboratory of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven K. Drake
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zack Jarin
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anna Wolska
- Laboratory of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Richard W. Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Laboratory of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Gugliucci A. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism: Key Regulators of Their Flux. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4399. [PMID: 37445434 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The residual risk for arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease after optimal statin treatment may amount to 50% and is the consequence of both immunological and lipid disturbances. Regarding the lipid disturbances, the role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and their remnants has come to the forefront in the past decade. Triglycerides (TGs) stand as markers of the remnants of the catabolism of TRLs that tend to contain twice as much cholesterol as compared to LDL. The accumulation of circulating TRLs and their partially lipolyzed derivatives, known as "remnants", is caused mainly by ineffective triglyceride catabolism. These cholesterol-enriched remnant particles are hypothesized to contribute to atherogenesis. The aim of the present narrative review is to briefly summarize the main pathways of TRL metabolism, bringing to the forefront the newly discovered role of apolipoproteins, the key physiological function of lipoprotein lipase and its main regulators, the importance of the fluxes of these particles in the post-prandial period, their catabolic rates and the role of apo CIII and angiopoietin-like proteins in the partition of TRLs during the fast-fed cycle. Finally, we provide a succinct summary of the new and old therapeutic armamentarium and the outcomes of key current trials with a final outlook on the different methodological approaches to measuring TRL remnants, still in search of the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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Seeba NN, Risti R, Lõokene A. Lipoprotein Lipase Activity Does Not Differ in the Serum Environment of Vegans and Omnivores. Nutrients 2023; 15:2755. [PMID: 37375658 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vegan diets have been reported to be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, it was not known whether this might be partly due to vegan diets' effects on plasma triglyceride metabolism. This study aimed to investigate if there are differences in the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme that functions at the vascular endothelium and is responsible for triglyceride breakdown, in sera obtained from vegans and omnivores. LPL activity was assessed using isothermal titration calorimetry, which allows measurements in undiluted serum samples, mimicking physiological conditions. Fasted sera from 31 healthy participants (12F 2M vegans, 11F 6M omnivores) were analyzed. The results indicated no significant differences in average LPL activity between the vegan and omnivore groups. Interestingly, despite similar triglyceride levels, there were considerable variations in LPL activity and total very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride breakdowns between individuals within both groups. Biomarker analysis showed that vegans had lower total cholesterol and LDL-C levels compared to omnivores. These findings suggest that the lipid-related benefits of a vegan diet, in terms of atherogenic risk, may primarily stem from cholesterol reduction rather than affecting serum as a medium for LPL-mediated triglyceride breakdown. In healthy individuals, lipid-related changes in serum composition in response to a vegan diet are likely overshadowed by genetic or other lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natjan-Naatan Seeba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert Risti
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aivar Lõokene
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Saruhan E, Ispir E. Relationship Between Serum Betatrophin, GPIHBP1, and LDL Subfractions in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Biochem 2023:110592. [PMID: 37277027 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) leads to changes in the lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to compare serum levels of LDL subfractions, betatrophin, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) between patients with GDM and healthy pregnant women. DESIGN AND METHODS We designed a prospective case-control study with 41 pregnant women. Subjects were divided into two groups: GDM and control. Betatrophin and GPIHBP1 levels were measured by ELISA method. Lipoprint LDL subfraction kit was used to perform LDL subfraction analysis electrophoretically. RESULTS Serum levels of LDL6 subfraction, betatrophin, and GPIHBP1 were found to be higher in GDM group compared to the controls (p<0.001). The mean LDL size were also found larger in GDM group. A positive correlation was found between betatrophin and GPIHBP1 levels (rho=0.96, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that betatrophin, and GPIHBP1 levels were found to be increased in GDM. This maybe the result of adaptive mechanisms in response to insulin resistance, but also this relationship should be evaluated for their effects on impaired lipid metabolism and lipoprotein lipase metabolism. There is a need for further prospective studies with larger samples to fully elucidate the mechanisms of this relationship both in pregnant patients and the other patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Saruhan
- University of Health Sciences Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Emre Ispir
- University of Health Sciences Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
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Wu SA, Shen C, Wei X, Zhang X, Wang S, Chen X, Torres M, Lu Y, Lin LL, Wang HH, Hunter AH, Fang D, Sun S, Ivanova MI, Lin Y, Qi L. The mechanisms to dispose of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum of adipocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3132. [PMID: 37253728 PMCID: PMC10229581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-phagy are two principal degradative mechanisms for ER proteins and aggregates, respectively; however, the crosstalk between these two pathways under physiological settings remains unexplored. Using adipocytes as a model system, here we report that SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of ERAD degrades misfolded ER proteins and limits ER-phagy and that, only when SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is impaired, the ER becomes fragmented and cleared by ER-phagy. When both are compromised, ER fragments containing misfolded proteins spatially coalesce into a distinct architecture termed Coalescence of ER Fragments (CERFs), consisted of lipoprotein lipase (LPL, a key lipolytic enzyme and an endogenous SEL1L-HRD1 substrate) and certain ER chaperones. CERFs enlarge and become increasingly insoluble with age. Finally, we reconstitute the CERFs through LPL and BiP phase separation in vitro, a process influenced by both redox environment and C-terminal tryptophan loop of LPL. Hence, our findings demonstrate a sequence of events centered around SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD to dispose of misfolded proteins in the ER of adipocytes, highlighting the profound cellular adaptability to misfolded proteins in the ER in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Chenchen Shen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xiawei Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Huilun Helen Wang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Allen H Hunter
- College of Engineering and Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Barruet E, Striedinger K, Marangoni P, Pomerantz JH. Loss of transcriptional heterogeneity in aged human muscle stem cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285018. [PMID: 37192223 PMCID: PMC10187936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of muscle mass and function negatively impacts healthspan and lifespan. Satellite cells function as muscle stem cells in muscle maintenance and regeneration by self-renewal, activation, proliferation and differentiation. These processes are perturbed in aging at the stem cell population level, contributing to muscle loss. However, how representation of subpopulations within the human satellite cell pool change during aging remains poorly understood. We previously reported a comprehensive baseline of human satellite cell (Hu-MuSCs) transcriptional activity in muscle homeostasis describing functional heterogenous human satellite cell subpopulations such as CAV1+ Hu-MUSCs. Here, we sequenced additional satellite cells from new healthy donors and performed extended transcriptomic analyses with regard to aging. We found an age-related loss of global transcriptomic heterogeneity and identified new markers (CAV1, CXCL14, GPX3) along with previously described ones (FN1, ITGB1, SPRY1) that are altered during aging in human satellite cells. These findings describe new transcriptomic changes that occur during aging in human satellite cells and provide a foundation for understanding functional impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Barruet
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katharine Striedinger
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jason H. Pomerantz
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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48
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Fan R, An X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Bai J, Li J, Lin Q, Xie Y, Xia Y, Liao J. Severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by Gpihbp1 deficiency facilitates vascular remodeling through increasing endothelial activation and oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159330. [PMID: 37172802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, its impact on non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remains largely unknown. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) is essential for the hydrolysis of circulating triglycerides and loss of functional GPIHBP1 causes severe HTG. In this study, we used Gpihbp1 knockout (GKO) mice to investigate the potential effects of HTG on non-atherosclerotic vascular remodeling. We compared the aortic morphology and gene expressions between three-month-old and ten-month-old GKO mice and their age-matched wild-type controls. We also conducted similar comparisons between GKO mice and wild-type controls in an angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular remodeling model. Our data showed that the intima-media wall of ten-month-old GKO mice but not three-month-olds was significantly thickened compared to wild-type controls. Moreover, ten-month-old GKO mice but not three-month-olds had increased aortic macrophage infiltration and perivascular fibrosis, along with increased endothelial activation and oxidative stress. Similarly, the AngII-induced vascular remodeling, as well as endothelial activation and oxidative stress, were also exacerbated in the GKO mice compared to wild-type controls. In conclusion, we demonstrated that severe HTG caused by Gpihbp1 deficiency could facilitate the onset and progression of non-atherosclerotic vascular remodeling through endothelial activation and oxidative stress in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Xiangbo An
- Department of Interventional Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116004, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116004, PR China
| | - Jiatian Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China.
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49
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Silbernagel G, Chen YQ, Rief M, Kleber ME, Hoffmann MM, Stojakovic T, Stang A, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, März W, Qian YW, Scharnagl H, Konrad RJ. Inverse association between apolipoprotein C-II and cardiovascular mortality: role of lipoprotein lipase activity modulation. Eur Heart J 2023:7156982. [PMID: 37155355 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Apolipoprotein C-II (ApoC-II) is thought to activate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and is therefore a possible target for treating hypertriglyceridemia. Its relationship with cardiovascular risk has not been investigated in large-scale epidemiologic studies, particularly allowing for apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III), an LPL antagonist. Furthermore, the exact mechanism of ApoC-II-mediated LPL activation is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoC-II was measured in 3141 LURIC participants of which 590 died from cardiovascular diseases during a median (inter-quartile range) follow-up of 9.9 (8.7-10.7) years. Apolipoprotein C-II-mediated activation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1)-LPL complex was studied using enzymatic activity assays with fluorometric lipase and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) substrates. The mean ApoC-II concentration was 4.5 (2.4) mg/dL. The relationship of ApoC-II quintiles with cardiovascular mortality exhibited a trend toward an inverse J-shape, with the highest risk in the first (lowest) quintile and lowest risk in the middle quintile. Compared with the first quintile, all other quintiles were associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality after multivariate adjustments including ApoC-III as a covariate (all P < 0.05). In experiments using fluorometric substrate-based lipase assays, there was a bell-shaped relationship for the effect of ApoC-II on GPIHBP1-LPL activity when exogenous ApoC-II was added. In ApoC-II-containing VLDL substrate-based lipase assays, GPIHBP1-LPL enzymatic activity was almost completely blocked by a neutralizing anti-ApoC-II antibody. CONCLUSION The present epidemiologic data suggest that increasing low circulating ApoC-II levels may reduce cardiovascular risk. This conclusion is supported by the observation that optimal ApoC-II concentrations are required for maximal GPIHBP1-LPL enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15 Graz, Austria
| | - Yan Q Chen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware St, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Martin Rief
- Division of General Anaesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5 Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael M Hoffmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Graz, 8036 Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Winfried März
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 15, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Germany GmbH, P5, 7 (Street) 68161 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yue-Wei Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware St, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 15, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert J Konrad
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware St, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
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50
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Ji Y, Luo Y, Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, Xue Z, Sun M, Wei X, He Z, Wu SA, Lin LL, Lu Y, Chang L, Chen F, Chen S, Qian W, Xu X, Chen S, Pan D, Zhou Z, Xia S, Hu CCA, Liang T, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation controls STING-mediated innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:726-739. [PMID: 37142791 PMCID: PMC10185471 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) orchestrates the production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to cytosolic double-stranded DNA; however, the pathophysiological significance and molecular mechanism underlying the folding and maturation of nascent STING protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remain unknown. Here we report that the SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex-the most conserved branch of ER-associated degradation (ERAD)-is a negative regulator of the STING innate immunity by ubiquitinating and targeting nascent STING protein for proteasomal degradation in the basal state. SEL1L or HRD1 deficiency in macrophages specifically amplifies STING signalling and immunity against viral infection and tumour growth. Mechanistically, nascent STING protein is a bona fide substrate of SEL1L-HRD1 in the basal state, uncoupled from ER stress or its sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α. Hence, our study not only establishes a key role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool, but identifies a regulatory mechanism and therapeutic approach to targeting STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zinan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lei Chang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shengnuo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangsen Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chih-Chi Andrew Hu
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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