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Jiang Y, Guo JQ, Wu Y, Zheng P, Wang SF, Yang MC, Ma GS, Yao YY. Excessive or sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress: one of the culprits of adipocyte dysfunction in obesity. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188241282707. [PMID: 39381518 PMCID: PMC11459521 DOI: 10.1177/20420188241282707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise globally, the research on adipocytes has attracted more and more attention. In the presence of nutrient overload, adipocytes are exposed to pressures such as hypoxia, inflammation, mechanical stress, metabolite, and oxidative stress that can lead to organelle dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital organelle for sensing cellular pressure, and its homeostasis is essential for maintaining adipocyte function. Under conditions of excess nutrition, ER stress (ERS) will be triggered by the gathering of abnormally folded proteins in the ER lumen, resulting in the activation of a signaling response known as the unfolded protein responses (UPRs), which is a response system to relieve ERS and restore ER homeostasis. However, if the UPRs fail to rescue ER homeostasis, ERS will activate pathways to damage cells. Studies have shown a role for disturbed activation of adipocyte ERS in the pathophysiology of obesity and its complications. Prolonged or excessive ERS in adipocytes can aggravate lipolysis, insulin resistance, and apoptosis and affect the bioactive molecule production. In addition, ERS also impacts the expression of some important genes. In view of the fact that ERS influences adipocyte function through various mechanisms, targeting ERS may be a viable strategy to treat obesity. This article summarizes the effects of ERS on adipocytes during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao-Fan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Chen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gen-Shan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Tang Z, Xie S, Cui Y, Zhan W, Deng Y, Peng H, Cao H, Tian Y, Jin M, Sun P, Zhang Y, Tang F, Zhou Q. Vitamin C as a functional enhancer in the non-specific immune defense, antioxidant capacity and resistance to low-temperature stress of juvenile mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109834. [PMID: 39151840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary vitamin C supplementation on non-specific immune defense, antioxidant capacity and resistance to low-temperature stress of juvenile mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Mud crabs with an initial weight of 14.67 ± 0.13 g were randomly divided into 6 treatments and fed diets with 0.86 (control), 44.79, 98.45, 133.94, 186.36 and 364.28 mg/kg vitamin C, respectively. The experiment consisted of 6 treatments, each treatment was designed with 4 replicates and each replicate was stocked with 8 crabs. After 42 days of feeding experiment, 2 crabs were randomly selected from each replicate, and a total of 8 crabs in each treatment were carried out 72 h low-temperature challenge experiment. The results showed that crabs fed diets with 186.36 and 364.28 mg/kg vitamin C significantly improved the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in hemolymph and hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). Crabs fed diet with 133.94 mg/kg vitamin C significantly decreased the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in hemolymph (P < 0.05). Diet with 133.94 mg/kg vitamin C was improved the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the concentration of albumin (ALB) in hemolymph. Crabs fed diet with 133.94 mg/kg vitamin C showed lower concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hemolymph and hepatopancreas than those fed the other diets. Meanwhile, crabs fed diet with 98.45 mg/kg vitamin C showed higher activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in hemolymph, and crabs fed diet with 133.94 mg/kg vitamin C showed higher activity of T-SOD in hepatopancreas. Crabs fed diet with 186.36 mg/kg vitamin C significantly decreased the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). In normal temperature, crabs fed diets with 133.94 mg/kg vitamin C significantly up-regulated the expression levels of gpx (glutathione peroxidase) and trx (thioredoxin) in hepatopancreas compared with the control treatment (P < 0.05). The highest expression levels of relish, il16 (interleukin 16), caspase 2 (caspase 2), p38 mapk (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases) and bax (bcl-2 associated x protein) in hepatopancreas were found at crabs fed control diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, crabs fed diet with 133.94 mg/kg vitamin C showed higher expression levels of alf-3 (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 3) and bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) in hepatopancreas than those fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Under low-temperature stress, crabs fed diet with 133.94 mg/kg vitamin C significantly improved the expression levels of hsp90 (heat shock protein 90), cat (catalase), gpx, prx (thioredoxin peroxidase) and trx in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary with 133.94 vitamin C significantly up-regulated the expression levels of alf-3 and bcl-2 (P < 0.05). Based on two slope broken-line regression analysis of activity of PPO against the dietary vitamin C level, the optimal dietary vitamin C requirement was estimated to be 144.81 mg/kg for juvenile mud crab. In conclusion, dietary 133.94-144.81 mg/kg vitamin C significantly improved the non-specific immune defense, antioxidant capacity and resistance to low-temperature stress of juvenile mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shichao Xie
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuhui Cui
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenhao Zhan
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongyu Peng
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Haiqing Cao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yinqiu Tian
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yingzhao Zhang
- Zhejiang Fengyu Marine Organism Products Co., LTD, Zhoushan, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Zhejiang Fengyu Marine Organism Products Co., LTD, Zhoushan, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Zhang Z, Chang L, Wang B, Wei Y, Li X, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang K, Qiao R, Yang F, Yu T, Han X. Differential chromatin accessibility and Gene Expression Associated with Backfat Deposition in pigs. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:902. [PMID: 39349998 PMCID: PMC11441165 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Backfat serves as a vital fat reservoir in pigs, and its excessive accumulation will adversely impact pig growth performance, farming efficiency, and pork quality. The aim of this research is to integrate assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying porcine backfat deposition. RESULTS ATAC-seq analysis identified 568 genes originating from 698 regions exhibiting differential accessibility, which were significantly enriched in pathways pertinent to adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Besides, a total of 283 transcription factors (TFs) were identified by motif analysis. RNA-seq analysis revealed 978 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were enriched in pathways related to energy metabolism, cell cycle and signal transduction. The integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data indicates that DEG expression levels are associated with chromatin accessibility. This comprehensive study highlights the involvement of critical pathways, including the Wnt signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, and fatty acid degradation, in the regulation of backfat deposition. Through rigorous analysis, we identified several candidate genes (LEP, CTBP2, EHHADH, OSMR, TCF7L2, BCL2, FGF1, UCP2, CCND1, TIMP1, and VDR) as potentially significant contributors to backfat deposition. Additionally, we constructed TF-TF and TF-target gene regulatory networks and identified a series of potential TFs related to backfat deposition (FOS, STAT3, SMAD3, and ESR1). CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first application of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, affording a novel perspective into the mechanisms underlying backfat deposition and providing invaluable resources for the enhancement of pig breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lebin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yilin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yongqian Zhang
- Henan Yifa Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Hebi, 458000, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Tong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuelei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Onuma S, Kawai M. Circadian Regulatory Networks of Glucose Homeostasis and Its Disruption as a Potential Cause of Undernutrition. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae126. [PMID: 39276035 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock system, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, orchestrates diurnal rhythms in biological activities such as behavior and metabolism, aligning them with the earth's 24-hour light/dark cycle. This synchronization enables organisms to anticipate and adapt to predictable environmental changes, including nutrient availability. However, modern lifestyles characterized by irregular eating and sleeping habits disrupt this synchrony, leading to metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, evidenced by higher obesity rates among shift workers. Conversely, circadian disturbances are also associated with reduced nutrient absorption and an increased risk of malnutrition in populations such as the critically ill or the elderly. The precise mechanisms of these disturbances in leading to either overnutrition or undernutrition is complex and not yet fully understood. Glucose, a crucial energy source, is closely linked to obesity when consumed excessively and to weight loss when intake is reduced, which suggests that circadian regulation of glucose metabolism is a key factor connecting circadian disturbances with nutritional outcomes. In this review, we describe how the biological clock in various tissues regulates glucose metabolism, with a primary focus on studies utilizing animal models. Additionally, we highlight current clinical evidence supporting the association between circadian disturbance and glucose metabolism, arguing that such disruption could predominantly contribute to undernutrition due to impaired efficient utilization of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Onuma
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 594-1101, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Endocrinology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 594-1101, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 594-1101, Osaka, Japan
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Chang L, Meng F, Jiao B, Zhou T, Su R, Zhu C, Wu Y, Ling Y, Wang S, Wu K, Zhang D, Cao J. Integrated analysis of omics reveals the role of scapular fat in thermogenesis adaptation in sunite sheep. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101292. [PMID: 39018792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Inhabiting some of the world's most inhospitable climatic regions, the Sunite Mongolian sheep generates average temperatures as low as 4.3 °C and a minimum temperature of -38.8 °C; in these environments, they make essential cold adaptations. In this regard, scapular fat tissues from Mongolian sheep were collected both in winter and summer for transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to identify genes related to adaptive thermogenesis. In the transcriptome analysis, 588 differentially expressed genes were identified to participate in smooth muscle activity and fat metabolism, as well as in nutrient regulation. There were 343 upregulated and 245 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG pathway analyses on these genes revealed their participation in regulating smooth muscle activity, metabolism of fats, and nutrients. Proteomic analysis showed the differential expression of 925 proteins: among them, there are 432 up- and 493 down-expressed proteins. These proteins are mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory chain complex assembly, and ATP production by electron transport. Furthermore, using both sets at a more detailed level of analysis revealed over-representation in gene ontology categories related to hormone signaling, metabolism of lipids, the pentose phosphate pathway, the TCA cycle, and especially the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The identified essential genes and proteins were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively; key metabolic network constriction was constructed. The present study emphasized the critical role of lipid turnover in scapular fat for thermogenic adaptation in Sunite sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Fanhua Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Boran Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Rina Su
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yu Ling
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shenyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Junwei Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Wu W, Yin Y, Huang J, Yang R, Li Q, Pan J, Zhang J. CRISPR/Cas9-meditated gene knockout in pigs proves that LGALS12 deficiency suppresses the proliferation and differentiation of porcine adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159424. [PMID: 37956708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
LGALS12, also known as galectin12, belongs to the galectin family with β-galactoside-binding activity. We previously reported that LGALS12 is an important regulator of adipogenesis in porcine adipocytes in vitro, but its value in pig breeding needed to be explored in vivo. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to construct porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) with a 43 bp deletion in LGALS12 exon 2. Using these PFFs as donor cells, a LGALS12 knockout pig model was generated via somatic cell nuclear transfer. Primary cultures of porcine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes were established using cells from LGALS12 knockout pigs and wild-type pigs. A comparison of these cells proved that LGALS12 deficiency suppresses cell proliferation via the RAS-p38MAPK pathway and promotes lipolysis via the PKA pathway in both IM and SC adipocytes. In addition, we observed AKT activation only in IM adipocytes and suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin only in SC adipocytes. Our findings suggest that LGALS12 deficiency affects the adipogenesis of IM and SC adipocytes through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Yajun Yin
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ruifei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Jianzhi Pan
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China; Jiaxing Bide Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China.
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Pandey T, Wang B, Wang C, Zu J, Deng H, Shen K, do Vale GD, McDonald JG, Ma DK. LPD-3 as a megaprotein brake for aging and insulin-mTOR signaling in C. elegans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113899. [PMID: 38446666 PMCID: PMC11019932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling drives anabolic growth during organismal development; its late-life dysregulation contributes to aging and limits lifespans. Age-related regulatory mechanisms and functional consequences of insulin-mTOR remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify LPD-3 as a megaprotein that orchestrates the tempo of insulin-mTOR signaling during C. elegans aging. We find that an agonist insulin, INS-7, is drastically overproduced from early life and shortens lifespan in lpd-3 mutants. LPD-3 forms a bridge-like tunnel megaprotein to facilitate non-vesicular cellular lipid trafficking. Lipidomic profiling reveals increased hexaceramide species in lpd-3 mutants, accompanied by up-regulation of hexaceramide biosynthetic enzymes, including HYL-1. Reducing the abundance of HYL-1, insulin receptor/DAF-2 or mTOR/LET-363, normalizes INS-7 levels and rescues the lifespan of lpd-3 mutants. LPD-3 antagonizes SINH-1, a key mTORC2 component, and decreases expression with age. We propose that LPD-3 acts as a megaprotein brake for organismal aging and that its age-dependent decline restricts lifespan through the sphingolipid-hexaceramide and insulin-mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Pandey
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bingying Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Changnan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Zu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huichao Deng
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kang Shen
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Goncalo Dias do Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dengke K Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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8
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Guan H, Tian J, Wang Y, Niu P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Fang X, Miao R, Yin R, Tong X. Advances in secondary prevention mechanisms of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a comprehensive review. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:152. [PMID: 38438934 PMCID: PMC10910816 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant global health burden. This is particularly due to its macrovascular complications, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease, which have emerged as leading contributors to morbidity and mortality. This review comprehensively explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications, protective strategies, and both existing and emerging secondary preventive measures. Furthermore, we delve into the applications of experimental models and methodologies in foundational research while also highlighting current research limitations and future directions. Specifically, we focus on the literature published post-2020 concerning the secondary prevention of macrovascular complications in patients with T2DM by conducting a targeted review of studies supported by robust evidence to offer a holistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ping Niu
- Rehabilitation Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Kim G, Lee J, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Impact on Adipogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms Implicated. Nutrients 2023; 15:5082. [PMID: 38140341 PMCID: PMC10745682 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a pivotal role in adipogenesis, which encompasses the differentiation of adipocytes and lipid accumulation. Sustained ER stress has the potential to disrupt the signaling of the unfolded protein response (UPR), thereby influencing adipogenesis. This comprehensive review illuminates the molecular mechanisms that underpin the interplay between ER stress and adipogenesis. We delve into the dysregulation of UPR pathways, namely, IRE1-XBP1, PERK and ATF6 in relation to adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and tissue inflammation. Moreover, we scrutinize how ER stress impacts key adipogenic transcription factors such as proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) along with their interaction with other signaling pathways. The cellular ramifications include alterations in lipid metabolism, dysregulation of adipokines, and aged adipose tissue inflammation. We also discuss the potential roles the molecular chaperones cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B play in adipogenesis. By shedding light on the intricate relationship between ER stress and adipogenesis, this review paves the way for devising innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuhui Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30609, USA;
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wang S, Pan C, Sheng H, Yang M, Yang C, Feng X, Hu C, Ma Y. Construction of a molecular regulatory network related to fat deposition by multi-tissue transcriptome sequencing of Jiaxian red cattle. iScience 2023; 26:108346. [PMID: 38026203 PMCID: PMC10665818 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) refers to the fat that accumulates between muscle bundles or within muscle cells, whose content significantly impacts the taste, tenderness, and flavor of meat products, making it a crucial economic characteristic in livestock production. However, the intricate mechanisms governing IMF deposition, involving non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), genes, and complex regulatory networks, remain largely enigmatic. Identifying adipose tissue-specific genes and ncRNAs is paramount to unravel these molecular mysteries. This study, conducted on Jiaxian red cattle, harnessed whole transcriptome sequencing to unearth the nuances of circRNAs and miRNAs across seven distinct tissues. The interplay of these ncRNAs was assessed through differential expression analysis and network analysis. These findings are not only pivotal in unveiling the intricacies of fat deposition mechanisms but also lay a robust foundation for future research, setting the stage for enhancing IMF content in Jiaxian red cattle breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Cuili Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chaoyun Yang
- Xichang College, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chunli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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11
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Wang Y, Yu H, Ma X, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang H, Chen W, Yu S, Bao Y, Yang Y. Clusterin is closely associated with adipose tissue insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3688. [PMID: 37415417 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Clusterin (encoded by CLU) is a novel adipokine. Serum clusterin levels were elevated in populations with obesity and diabetes. Adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR) is proposed as an early metabolic defect that precedes systemic insulin resistance. Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum clusterin levels and Adipo-IR. CLU expression in human abdominal adipose tissues and clusterin secretion in human adipocytes was also explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 201 participants (aged 18-62 years, 139 of whom were obese) were recruited. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum clusterin levels. Adipo-IR was calculated from the product of fasting free fatty acids and fasting insulin levels. Transcriptome sequencing of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was performed. Human adipocytes were used to detect the secretion of clusterin. RESULTS Serum clusterin levels were independently associated with Adipo-IR after adjusting for several confounding factors (standardised β = 0.165, p = 0.021). CLU expression in VAT and SAT was associated with obesity-related metabolic risk factors. Higher CLU expression in VAT was accompanied by an increase in collagen accumulation. Clusterin secretion in differentiated human adipocytes was stimulated by insulin and inhibited by rosiglitazone. CONCLUSIONS Clusterin is strongly associated with Adipo-IR. Serum clusterin may function as an effective indicator of adipose tissue insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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12
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Lynes MD, Huang Q, Cora C, Su SC, Yi P, Tseng YH. A CRISPR Screen Identifies the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Rfwd2 as a Negative Regulator of Glucose Uptake in Brown Adipocytes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1865. [PMID: 37895214 PMCID: PMC10606202 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue activation increases energy expenditure and has been shown to improve glucose tolerance, making it a promising target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Brown adipocytes differentiate into cells with multilocular lipid droplets, which can efficiently absorb and oxidize glucose; however, the mechanisms regulating these processes are not completely understood. We conducted a genome-wide loss-of-function screen using a CRISPR-based approach to identify genes that promote or inhibit adipogenesis and glucose uptake in brown adipocytes. We validated genes that negatively or positively regulated these pathways and verified that the E3-ubiquitin ligase Rfwd2 suppressed brown adipocyte glucose uptake. Brown adipocytes with CRISPR-targeted Rfwd2 deletion showed an altered proteomic landscape and increased basal, as well as insulin-stimulated, glucose uptake. These data reveal the complexity of genetic regulation of brown adipogenesis and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Lynes
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- Department of Medicine, Maine Health, Portland, ME 04101, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Roux Institute at Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Q.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Carolina Cora
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Q.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Peng Yi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Q.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Q.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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13
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Salgado-Barreira A, Seijas-Amigo J, Rodriguez-Mañero M, Piñeiro-Lamas M, Eiras S, Cordero A, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Figueiras A. Effect of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 infection and risk of hospitalization. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2335-2342. [PMID: 37549309 PMCID: PMC10477113 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dapagliflozin has been proposed as a potential treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by reducing cytokine production and inflammation. However, there are limited data on its effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the impact of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 severity (including hospitalization risk, ICU admission, in-hospital death and progression to severe COVID-19) and its potential on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study. For aim 1, we assessed COVID-19 severity in cases (positive PCR patients requiring hospitalization) and matched controls (negative PCR patients or positive PCR patients not requiring hospitalization). For aim 2, we compared positive PCR cases (hospitalized and non-hospitalized) with controls. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS We analysed 86 602 subjects: 3060 were hospitalized cases, 26 757 were non-hospitalized cases and 56 785 were controls. Among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 228 were admitted to the ICU and 413 died. Dapagliflozin had no effect on the risk of hospitalization (aOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.65-1.48; P = 0.915), ICU admissions (aOR 1.21; 95% CI 0.34-4.25; P = 0.767) or in-hospital death (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 0.53-3.30; P = 0.543). Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of progression to severe COVID-19 by 35%, but this was not statistically significant (aOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.40-1.06; P = 0.086). Dapagliflozin was associated with a 30% increased risk of susceptibility to COVID-19 infection (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.05-1.62; P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Use of dapagliflozin prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, mortality or progression to severe COVID-19. However, it was associated with an increased risk of susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Salgado-Barreira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Seijas-Amigo
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Moises Rodriguez-Mañero
- Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piñeiro-Lamas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Eiras
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Cardiology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Cordero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Cardiología, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Gonzalez-Juanatey
- Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Huang YC, Hou MF, Tsai YM, Pan YC, Tsai PH, Lin YS, Chang CY, Tsai EM, Hsu YL. Involvement of ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase α) in the lung pre-metastatic niche formation in breast cancer by senescence phenotypic conversion in fibroblasts. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:643-660. [PMID: 36607556 PMCID: PMC10205862 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reprogramming of metabolism is strongly associated with the development of cancer. However, the role of metabolic reprogramming in the remodeling of pre-metastatic niche (PMN), a key step in metastasis, is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the metabolic alternation during lung PMN formation in breast cancer. METHODS We assessed the transcriptomes and lipidomics of lung of MMTV-PyVT mice by microarray and liquid chromatography-tandem mass mass spectrometry before lung metastasis. The validation of gene or protein expressions was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or immunoblot and immunohistochemistry respectively. The lung fibroblasts were isolated from mice and then co-cultured with breast cancer to identify the influence of cancer on the change of lung fibroblasts in PMN. RESULTS We demonstrated changes in the lipid profile and several lipid metabolism genes in the lungs of breast cancer-bearing MMTV-PyVT mice before cancer spreading. The expression of ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase α) was downregulated in the lung fibroblasts, which contributed to changes in acetylation of protein's lysine residues and the synthesis of fatty acid. The downregulation of ACACA in lung fibroblasts triggered a senescent and inflammatory phenotypic shift of lung fibroblasts in both in vivo and in vitro models. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype of lung fibroblasts enabled the recruitment of immunosuppressive granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells into the lungs through the production of CXCL1 in the lungs. Knock-in of ACACA prevented lung metastasis in the MMTV-PyVT mouse model, further supporting that ACACA was involved in the remodeling of the lung PMN. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data revealed a mechanism by which ACACA downregulation directed the formation of an immunosuppressive lung PMN in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ming Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Tsai
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
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15
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Trevellin E, Bettini S, Pilatone A, Vettor R, Milan G. Obesity, the Adipose Organ and Cancer in Humans: Association or Causation? Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051319. [PMID: 37238992 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological observations, experimental studies and clinical data show that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing different types of cancer; however, proof of a cause-effect relationship that meets the causality criteria is still lacking. Several data suggest that the adipose organ could be the protagonist in this crosstalk. In particular, the adipose tissue (AT) alterations occurring in obesity parallel some tumour behaviours, such as their theoretically unlimited expandability, infiltration capacity, angiogenesis regulation, local and systemic inflammation and changes to the immunometabolism and secretome. Moreover, AT and cancer share similar morpho-functional units which regulate tissue expansion: the adiponiche and tumour-niche, respectively. Through direct and indirect interactions involving different cellular types and molecular mechanisms, the obesity-altered adiponiche contributes to cancer development, progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Moreover, modifications to the gut microbiome and circadian rhythm disruption also play important roles. Clinical studies clearly demonstrate that weight loss is associated with a decreased risk of developing obesity-related cancers, matching the reverse-causality criteria and providing a causality correlation between the two variables. Here, we provide an overview of the methodological, epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects, with a special focus on clinical implications for cancer risk and prognosis and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Trevellin
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Pilatone
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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16
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Meriin AB, Zaarur N, Roy D, Kandror KV. Egr1 plays a major role in the transcriptional response of white adipocytes to insulin and environmental cues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003030. [PMID: 36246998 PMCID: PMC9554007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is believed that insulin regulates metabolic functions of white adipose tissue primarily at the post-translational level via the PI3K-Akt-mediated pathway. Still, changes in transcription also play an important role in the response of white adipocytes to insulin and environmental signals. One transcription factor that is dramatically and rapidly induced in adipocytes by insulin and nutrients is called Early Growth Response 1, or Egr1. Among other functions, it directly binds to promoters of leptin and ATGL stimulating the former and inhibiting the latter. Furthermore, expression of Egr1 in adipocytes demonstrates cell autonomous circadian pattern suggesting that Egr1 not only mediates the effect of insulin and nutrients on lipolysis and leptin production but also, coordinates insulin action with endogenous circadian rhythms of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Meriin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - N. Zaarur
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D. Roy
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - K. V. Kandror
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: K. V. Kandror,
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17
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Soliman GA, Schooling CM. Insulin Receptor Genetic Variants Causal Association with Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac044. [PMID: 35611355 PMCID: PMC9121804 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent chronic disease associated with several comorbidities. Objectives This study investigated whether the risk of T2D varied with genetically predicted insulin (INS), insulin receptor (INS-R), or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) using genetic variants in a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods A 2-sample MR study was conducted using summary statistics from 2 genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Genetic predictors of the exposures (INS, INS-R, and IGF-1R) were obtained from a publicly available proteomics GWAS of the INTERVAL randomized controlled trial of blood donation in the United Kingdom. For T2D, the study leveraged the DIAbetes Meta-ANalysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) consortium. The estimated associations of INS, INS-R, and IGF-1R proteins with T2D were based on independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly (P < 5 × 10-6) predicting each exposure. These SNPs were applied to publicly available genetic associations with T2D from the DIAMANTE case (n = 74,124) and control (n = 824,006) study of people of European descent. SNP-specific Wald estimates were meta-analyzed using inverse variance weighting with multiplicative random effects. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the weighted median (WM) and MR-Egger. Results INS-R (based on 13 SNPs) was associated with a lower risk of T2D (OR: 0.95 per effect size; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.98; P = 0.001), with similar estimates from the WM and MR-Egger. Insulin (8 SNPs) and IGF-1R (10 SNPs) were not associated with T2D. However, 1 of the SNPs for INS-R was from the ABO blood group gene. Conclusions This study is consistent with a causally protective association of the INS-R with T2D. INS-R in RBCs regulates glycolysis and thus may affect their functionality and integrity. However, a pleiotropic effect via the blood group ABO gene cannot be excluded. The INS-R may be a target for intervention by repurposing existing therapeutics or otherwise to reduce the risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Soliman
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, The City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health, and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Mary Schooling
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, The City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health, and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Emerald BS, Mohsin S, D’Souza C, John A, El-Hasasna H, Ojha S, Raza H, al-Ramadi B, Adeghate E. Diabetes Mellitus Alters the Immuno-Expression of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rat Pancreas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094974. [PMID: 35563364 PMCID: PMC9105024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is generated from nitric oxide synthase following hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress during the course of diabetes mellitus (DM). We examined the temporal immuno-expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the pancreas of diabetic and non-diabetic rats using immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and western blot techniques 12 h, 24 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1, 8 and 15 months after induction of DM. nNOS co-localized with pancreatic beta cells but disappears 12 h after the onset of DM. In contrast, the nNOS content of pancreatic nerves increased significantly (p < 0.001) 24 h after the induction of DM, and decreased sharply thereafter. However, nNOS-positive ganglion cells were observed even 15 months post-diabetes. ROS increased by more than 100% two months after the onset of DM compared to non-diabetic control but was significantly (p < 0.000001) reduced at 9 months after the induction of DM. The pancreatic content of GSH increased significantly (p < 0.02) after 9 months of DM. Although, TBARS content was significantly (p < 0.009; p < 0.002) lower in aged (9 months) non-diabetic and DM rats, TBARS rate was markedly (p < 0.02) higher 9 months after the induction of DM when compared to younger age group. In conclusion, nNOS is present in pancreatic beta cell, but disappears 12 h after the onset of diabetes. In contrast, the tissue level of nNOS of pancreatic nerves increased in the first week of diabetes, followed by a sharp reduction. nNOS may play important roles in the metabolism of pancreatic beta cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Starling Emerald
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.E.); (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Sahar Mohsin
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.E.); (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Crystal D’Souza
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.E.); (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Annie John
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.J.); (H.R.)
| | - Hussain El-Hasasna
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (H.E.-H.); (B.a.-R.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Haider Raza
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.J.); (H.R.)
| | - Basel al-Ramadi
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (H.E.-H.); (B.a.-R.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.E.); (S.M.); (C.D.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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