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Bharti S, Kumar A. Synergies in stem cell research: Integrating technologies, strategies, and bionanomaterial innovations. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152119. [PMID: 38041895 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1960 s, there has been a substantial amount of research directed towards investigating the biology of several types of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, brain cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. In contemporary times, a wide array of stem cells has been utilized to treat several disorders, including bone marrow transplantation. In recent years, stem cell treatment has developed as a very promising and advanced field of scientific research. The progress of therapeutic methodologies has resulted in significant amounts of anticipation and expectation. Recently, there has been a notable proliferation of experimental methodologies aimed at isolating and developing stem cells, which have emerged concurrently. Stem cells possess significant vitality and exhibit vigorous proliferation, making them suitable candidates for in vitro modification. This article examines the progress made in stem cell isolation and explores several methodologies employed to promote the differentiation of stem cells. This study also explores the method of isolating bio-nanomaterials and discusses their viewpoint in the context of stem cell research. It also covers the potential for investigating stem cell applications in bioprinting and the usage of bionanomaterial in stem cell-related technologies and research. In conclusion, the review article concludes by highlighting the importance of incorporating state-of-the-art methods and technological breakthroughs into the future of stem cell research. Putting such an emphasis on constant innovation highlights the ever-changing character of science and the never-ending drive toward unlocking the maximum therapeutic potential of stem cells. This review would be a useful resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers in the stem cell research area, guiding the next steps in this fast-developing scientific concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Bharti
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, India.
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2
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Ghosh S, Bhatti GK, Sharma PK, Kandimalla R, Mastana SS, Bhatti JS. Potential of Nano-Engineered Stem Cells in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:6. [PMID: 38104307 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degrading autoimmune disorder mainly targeting the central nervous system, leading to progressive neurodegeneration, demyelination, and axonal damage. Current treatment options for MS are limited in efficacy, generally linked to adverse side effects, and do not offer a cure. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for MS, potentially promoting remyelination, exerting immunomodulatory effects and protecting against neurodegeneration. Therefore, this review article focussed on the potential of nano-engineering in stem cells as a therapeutic approach for MS, focusing on the synergistic effects of combining stem cell biology with nanotechnology to stimulate the proliferation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) from neural stem cells and OL precursor cells, by manipulating neural signalling pathways-PDGF, BMP, Wnt, Notch and their essential genes such as Sox, bHLH, Nkx. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of MS, the use of various types of stem cells in MS treatment and their mechanisms of action. In the context of nanotechnology, we present an overview of its applications in the medical and research field and discuss different methods and materials used to nano-engineer stem cells, including surface modification, biomaterials and scaffolds, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. We further elaborate on nano-engineered stem cell techniques, such as nano script, nano-exosome hybrid, nano-topography and their potentials in MS. The article also highlights enhanced homing, engraftment, and survival of nano-engineered stem cells, targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects with their challenges and limitations. This visual illustration depicts the process of utilizing nano-engineering in stem cells and exosomes for the purpose of delivering more accurate and improved treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This approach targets specifically the creation of oligodendrocytes, the breakdown of which is the primary pathological factor in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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3
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The Influence of the Surface Topographical Cues of Biomaterials on Nerve Cells in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Review. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8124444. [PMID: 34349803 PMCID: PMC8328695 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8124444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface topographies of artificial implants including surface roughness, surface groove size and orientation, and surface pore size and distribution have a great influence on the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of nerve cells in the nerve regeneration process. Optimizing the surface topographies of biomaterials can be a key strategy for achieving excellent cell performance in various applications such as nerve tissue engineering. In this review, we offer a comprehensive summary of the surface topographies of nerve implants and their effects on nerve cell behavior. This review also emphasizes the latest work progress of the layered structure of the natural extracellular matrix that can be imitated by the material surface topology. Finally, the future development of surface topographies on nerve regeneration was prospectively remarked.
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Vollertsen AR, Den SAT, Schwach V, van den Berg A, Passier R, van der Meer AD, Odijk M. Highly parallelized human embryonic stem cell differentiation to cardiac mesoderm in nanoliter chambers on a microfluidic chip. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 34059973 PMCID: PMC8166733 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human stem cell-derived cells and tissues hold considerable potential for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery. The generation, culture and differentiation of stem cells in low-volume, automated and parallelized microfluidic chips hold great promise to accelerate the research in this domain. Here, we show that we can differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to early cardiac mesodermal cells in microfluidic chambers that have a volume of only 30 nanoliters, using discontinuous medium perfusion. 64 of these chambers were parallelized on a chip which contained integrated valves to spatiotemporally isolate the chambers and automate cell culture medium exchanges. To confirm cell pluripotency, we tracked hESC proliferation and immunostained the cells for pluripotency markers SOX2 and OCT3/4. During differentiation, we investigated the effect of different medium perfusion frequencies on cell reorganization and the expression of the early cardiac mesoderm reporter MESP1mCherry by live-cell imaging. Our study demonstrates that microfluidic technology can be used to automatically culture, differentiate and study hESC in very low-volume culture chambers even without continuous medium perfusion. This result is an important step towards further automation and parallelization in stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke R Vollertsen
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone A Ten Den
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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5
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Spiteri C, Caprettini V, Chiappini C. Biomaterials-based approaches to model embryogenesis. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:6992-7013. [PMID: 33136109 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01485k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding, reproducing, and regulating the cellular and molecular processes underlying human embryogenesis is critical to improve our ability to recapitulate tissues with proper architecture and function, and to address the dysregulation of embryonic programs that underlies birth defects and cancer. The rapid emergence of stem cell technologies is enabling enormous progress in understanding embryogenesis using simple, powerful, and accessible in vitro models. Biomaterials are playing a central role in providing the spatiotemporal organisation of biophysical and biochemical signalling necessary to mimic, regulate and dissect the evolving embryonic niche in vitro. This contribution is rapidly improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying embryonic patterning, in turn enabling the development of more effective clinical interventions for regenerative medicine and oncology. Here we highlight how key biomaterial approaches contribute to organise signalling in human embryogenesis models, and we summarise the biological insights gained from these contributions. Importantly, we highlight how nanotechnology approaches have remained largely untapped in this space, and we identify their key potential contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Spiteri
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
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6
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Augustine R, Dan P, Hasan A, Khalaf IM, Prasad P, Ghosal K, Gentile C, McClements L, Maureira P. Stem cell-based approaches in cardiac tissue engineering: controlling the microenvironment for autologous cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111425. [PMID: 33756154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cardiac tissue engineering strategies focusing on biomaterial scaffolds incorporating cells and growth factors are emerging as highly promising for cardiac repair and regeneration. The use of stem cells within cardiac microengineered tissue constructs present an inherent ability to differentiate into cell types of the human heart. Stem cells derived from various tissues including bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue and umbilical cord can be used for this purpose. Approaches ranging from stem cell injections, stem cell spheroids, cell encapsulation in a suitable hydrogel, use of prefabricated scaffold and bioprinting technology are at the forefront in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. The stem cell microenvironment plays a key role in the maintenance of stemness and/or differentiation into cardiac specific lineages. This review provides a detailed overview of the recent advances in microengineering of autologous stem cell-based tissue engineering platforms for the repair of damaged cardiac tissue. A particular emphasis is given to the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating the physiological response of stem cells within cardiac tissue engineering platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pan Dan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Parvathy Prasad
- International and Inter University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France
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7
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Lou Q, Ma Y, Zhao SP, Du GS, Fang Q. A flexible and cost-effective manual droplet operation platform for miniaturized cell assays and single cell analysis. Talanta 2021; 224:121874. [PMID: 33379083 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a flexible and cost-effective manual droplet operation system (MDOS) for performing miniaturized cell assays as well as single cell analysis. The MDOS consists of a manual x-y-z translation stage for liquid transferring and switching, a high-precision syringe pump for liquid driving and metering, a tapered capillary probe for droplet manipulation, a droplet array chip for droplet loading and reaction, sample/reagent reservoirs for storage, and a microscope for droplet observation, with a total expense of only $4,000. By using the flexible combination of three elementary operations of the x-y-z stage's moving and the pump's aspirating and depositing, the MDOS can manually achieve multiple droplet handling operations in the nanoliter to picoliter range, including droplet generation, assembling, fusion, diluting, and splitting. On this basis, multiple cell-related operations could be performed, such as nanoliter-scale in-droplet cell culture, cell coculture, drug stimulation, cell washing, and cell staining, as well as formation of picoliter single-cell droplets. The feasibility and flexibility of the MDOS was demonstrated in multi-mode miniaturized cell assays, including cell-based drug test, first-pass effect assay, and single-cell enzyme assay. The MDOS with the features of low cost, easy to build and flexible to use, could provide a promising alternative for performing miniaturized assays in routine laboratories, in addition to conventional microfluidic chip-based systems and automated robot systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lou
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Key Lab for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Key Lab for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shi-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Key Lab for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guan-Sheng Du
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Key Lab for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qun Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Key Lab for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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8
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Javaid M, Haleem A. 3D printing applications towards the required challenge of stem cells printing. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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9
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Ryan CNM, Zeugolis DI. Engineering the Tenogenic Niche In Vitro with Microenvironmental Tools. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina N. M. Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering LaboratoryBiomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland Galway Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical DevicesBiomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland Galway Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering LaboratoryBiomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland Galway Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical DevicesBiomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland Galway Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
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10
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Kim JA, Hong S, Rhee WJ. Microfluidic three-dimensional cell culture of stem cells for high-throughput analysis. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:803-816. [PMID: 31693013 PMCID: PMC6828593 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the recent advances in stem cell engineering have gained a great deal of attention due to their high potential in clinical research, the applicability of stem cells for preclinical screening in the drug discovery process is still challenging due to difficulties in controlling the stem cell microenvironment and the limited availability of high-throughput systems. Recently, researchers have been actively developing and evaluating three-dimensional (3D) cell culture-based platforms using microfluidic technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip platforms, and they have achieved promising breakthroughs in stem cell engineering. In this review, we start with a comprehensive discussion on the importance of microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques in stem cell research and their technical strategies in the field of drug discovery. In a subsequent section, we discuss microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques for high-throughput analysis for use in stem cell research. In addition, some potential and practical applications of organ-on-a-chip or organoid-on-a-chip platforms using stem cells as drug screening and disease models are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
- Program in Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
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11
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Regier MC, Olszewski E, Carter CC, Aitchison JD, Kaushansky A, Davis J, Berthier E, Beebe DJ, Stevens KR. Spatial presentation of biological molecules to cells by localized diffusive transfer. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2114-2126. [PMID: 31111131 PMCID: PMC6755031 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00122k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular decisions in human development, homeostasis, regeneration, and disease are coordinated in large part by signals that are spatially localized in tissues. These signals are often soluble, such that biomolecules produced by one cell diffuse to receiving cells. To recapitulate soluble factor patterning in vitro, several microscale strategies have been developed. However, these techniques often introduce new variables into cell culture experiments (e.g., fluid flow) or are limited in their ability to pattern diverse solutes in a user-defined manner. To address these challenges, we developed an adaptable method that facilitates spatial presentation of biomolecules across cells in traditional open cultures in vitro. This technique employs device inserts that are placed in standard culture wells, which support localized diffusive pattern transmission through microscale spaces between device features and adherent cells. Devices can be removed and cultures can be returned to standard media following patterning. We use this method to spatially control cell labeling with pattern features ranging in scale from several hundred microns to millimeters and with sequential application of multiple patterns. To better understand the method we investigate relationships between pattern fidelity, device geometry, and consumption and diffusion kinetics using finite element modeling. We then apply the method to spatially defining reporter cell heterogeneity by patterning a small molecule modulator of genetic recombination with the requisite sustained exposure. Finally, we demonstrate use of this method for patterning larger and more slowly diffusing particles by creating focal sites of gene delivery and infection with adenoviral, lentiviral, and Zika virus particles. Thus, our method leverages devices that interface with standard culture vessels to pattern diverse diffusible factors, geometries, exposure dynamics, and recipient cell types, making it well poised for adoption by researchers across various fields of biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Regier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, USA.
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12
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O'Grady B, Balikov DA, Wang JX, Neal EK, Ou YC, Bardhan R, Lippmann ES, Bellan LM. Spatiotemporal control and modeling of morphogen delivery to induce gradient patterning of stem cell differentiation using fluidic channels. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1358-1371. [PMID: 30778445 PMCID: PMC6485939 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The process of cell differentiation in a developing embryo is influenced by numerous factors, including various biological molecules whose presentation varies dramatically over space and time. These morphogens regulate cell fate based on concentration profiles, thus creating discrete populations of cells and ultimately generating large, complex tissues and organs. Recently, several in vitro platforms have attempted to recapitulate the complex presentation of extrinsic signals found in nature. However, it has been a challenge to design versatile platforms that can dynamically control morphogen gradients over extended periods of time. To address some of these issues, we introduce a platform using channels patterned in hydrogels to deliver multiple morphogens to cells in a 3D scaffold, thus creating a spectrum of cell phenotypes based on the resultant morphogen gradients. The diffusion coefficient of a common small molecule morphogen, retinoic acid (RA), was measured within our hydrogel platform using Raman spectroscopy and its diffusion in our platform's geometry was modeled using finite element analysis. The predictive model of spatial gradients was validated in a cell-free hydrogel, and temporal control of morphogen gradients was then demonstrated using a reporter cell line that expresses green fluorescent protein in the presence of RA. Finally, the utility of this approach for regulating cell phenotype was demonstrated by generating opposing morphogen gradients to create a spectrum of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O'Grady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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13
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Use of Self-Assembling Peptides to Enhance Stem Cell Function for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4162075. [PMID: 30008751 PMCID: PMC6020535 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials for biomedical applications has become a promising field in regenerative medicine. Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) have been proposed as a good candidate because they are able to self-assemble into stable hydrogels and interact with cells or molecules when combined together. This in turn can lead to the improved survival or action of cells or molecules to obtain the desired effects. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with SAPs could improve angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimbs of rats compared to MSC or SAP treatment alone. The combination of MSCs and SAPs showed an overall higher expression of angiogenesis markers on fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis and a lower degree of fibrosis and cell apoptosis, which in turn led to an overall tendency for improved perfusion of the ischemic hindlimbs. Finally, SAPs also showed the ability to recruit endogenous host MSCs into the site of action, especially when modified to incorporate substance P as a functional motif, which when injected with exogenous MSCs, allowed for the dual presence of MSCs at the site of action. Overall, these results suggest that SAPs can be applied with stem cells to potentiate angiogenesis, with potential therapeutic application in vascular diseases.
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14
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Stoecklin C, Yue Z, Chen WW, de Mets R, Fong E, Studer V, Viasnoff V. A New Approach to Design Artificial 3D Microniches with Combined Chemical, Topographical, and Rheological Cues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Stoecklin
- Mechanobiology Institute; 5A Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117411 Singapore
| | - Zhang Yue
- Mechanobiology Institute; 5A Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117411 Singapore
| | - Wilhelm W. Chen
- Mechanobiology Institute; 5A Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117411 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Richard de Mets
- Mechanobiology Institute; 5A Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117411 Singapore
| | - Eileen Fong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Vincent Studer
- CNRS; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience; UMR 5297 Bordeaux F-33000 France
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute; 5A Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117411 Singapore
- CNRS; UMI 3639 5A Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117411 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; National university of Singapore; 14 Science Drive 4 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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15
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Zhou Y. The recent development and applications of fluidic channels by 3D printing. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:80. [PMID: 29047370 PMCID: PMC5646158 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The technology of “Lab-on-a-Chip” allows the synthesis and analysis of chemicals and biological substance within a portable or handheld device. The 3D printed structures enable precise control of various geometries. The combination of these two technologies in recent years makes a significant progress. The current approaches of 3D printing, such as stereolithography, polyjet, and fused deposition modeling, are introduced. Their manufacture specifications, such as surface roughness, resolution, replication fidelity, cost, and fabrication time, are compared with each other. Finally, novel application of 3D printed channel in biology are reviewed, including pathogenic bacteria detection using magnetic nanoparticle clusters in a helical microchannel, cell stimulation by 3D chemical gradients, perfused functional vascular channels, 3D tissue construct, organ-on-a-chip, and miniaturized fluidic “reactionware” devices for chemical syntheses. Overall, the 3D printed fluidic chip is becoming a powerful tool in the both medical and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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16
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Redondo PA, Pavlou M, Loizidou M, Cheema U. Elements of the niche for adult stem cell expansion. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417725464. [PMID: 28890779 PMCID: PMC5574483 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417725464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are crucial for tissue homeostasis. These cells reside within exclusive locations in tissues, termed niches, which protect adult stem cell fidelity and regulate their many functions through biophysical-, biochemical- and cellular-mediated mechanisms. There is a growing understanding of how these mechanisms and their components contribute towards maintaining stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, expansion and differentiation patterns. In vitro expansion of adult stem cells is a powerful tool for understanding stem cell biology, and for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, it is technically challenging, since adult stem cell removal from their native microenvironment has negative repercussions on their sustainability. In this review, we overview specific elements of the biomimetic niche and how recreating such elements can help in vitro propagation of adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Redondo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Pavlou
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
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17
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Wu RX, Yin Y, He XT, Li X, Chen FM. Engineering a Cell Home for Stem Cell Homing and Accommodation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700004. [PMID: 32646164 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Distilling complexity to advance regenerative medicine from laboratory animals to humans, in situ regeneration will continue to evolve using biomaterial strategies to drive endogenous cells within the human body for therapeutic purposes; this approach avoids the need for delivering ex vivo-expanded cellular materials. Ensuring the recruitment of a significant number of reparative cells from an endogenous source to the site of interest is the first step toward achieving success. Subsequently, making the "cell home" cell-friendly by recapitulating the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of its chemistry, structure, dynamics, and function, and targeting specific aspects of the native stem cell niche (e.g., cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions) to program and steer the fates of those recruited stem cells play equally crucial roles in yielding a therapeutically regenerative solution. This review addresses the key aspects of material-guided cell homing and the engineering of novel biomaterials with desirable ECM composition, surface topography, biochemistry, and mechanical properties that can present both biochemical and physical cues required for in situ tissue regeneration. This growing body of knowledge will likely become a design basis for the development of regenerative biomaterials for, but not limited to, future in situ tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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18
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Multiscale microenvironmental perturbation of pluripotent stem cell fate and self-organization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44711. [PMID: 28303935 PMCID: PMC5356187 DOI: 10.1038/srep44711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of microfluidics with engineered three-dimensional (3D) matrices can bring new insights into the fate regulation of stem cells and their self-organization into organoids. Although there has been progress in 3D stem cell culturing, most existing in vitro methodologies do not allow for mimicking of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of stimuli that drive morphogenetic processes in vivo. To address this, we present a perfusion-free microchip concept for the in vitro 3D perturbation of stem cell fate. Stem cells are encapsulated in a hydrogel compartment that is flanked by open reservoirs for the diffusion-driven generation of biomolecule gradients. Juxtaposing additional compartments bearing supportive cells enables investigating the influence of long range cell-cell communication. We explore the utility of the microchips in manipulating early fate choices and self-organizing characteristics of 3D-cultured mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) under neural differentiation conditions and exposure to gradients of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). mESCs respond to LIF gradients in a spatially dependent manner. At higher LIF concentrations, multicellular colonies maintain pluripotency in contrast, at lower concentrations, mESCs develop into apicobasally polarized epithelial cysts. This versatile system can help to systematically explore the role of multifactorial microenvironments in promoting self-patterning of various stem cell types.
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19
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Uto K, Tsui JH, DeForest CA, Kim DH. Dynamically Tunable Cell Culture Platforms for Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology. Prog Polym Sci 2017; 65:53-82. [PMID: 28522885 PMCID: PMC5432044 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues are sophisticated ensembles of many distinct cell types embedded in the complex, but well-defined, structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dynamic biochemical, physicochemical, and mechano-structural changes in the ECM define and regulate tissue-specific cell behaviors. To recapitulate this complex environment in vitro, dynamic polymer-based biomaterials have emerged as powerful tools to probe and direct active changes in cell function. The rapid evolution of polymerization chemistries, structural modulation, and processing technologies, as well as the incorporation of stimuli-responsiveness, now permit synthetic microenvironments to capture much of the dynamic complexity of native tissue. These platforms are comprised not only of natural polymers chemically and molecularly similar to ECM, but those fully synthetic in origin. Here, we review recent in vitro efforts to mimic the dynamic microenvironment comprising native tissue ECM from the viewpoint of material design. We also discuss how these dynamic polymer-based biomaterials are being used in fundamental cell mechanobiology studies, as well as towards efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Uto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Tsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Cole A. DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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20
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Kshitiz, Afzal J, Kim SY, Kim DH. A nanotopography approach for studying the structure-function relationships of cells and tissues. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 9:300-7. [PMID: 25482643 DOI: 10.4161/cam.29359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cells in the body secrete, or are in intimate contact with extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structure to tissues and regulates various cellular phenotypes. Cells are well known to respond to biochemical signals from the ECM, but recent evidence has highlighted the mechanical properties of the matrix, including matrix elasticity and nanotopography, as fundamental instructive cues regulating signal transduction pathways and gene transcription. Recent observations also highlight the importance of matrix nanotopography as a regulator of cellular functions, but lack of facile experimental platforms has resulted in a continued negligence of this important microenvironmental cue in tissue culture experimentation. In this review, we present our opinion on the importance of nanotopography as a biological cue, contexts in which it plays a primary role influencing cell behavior, and detail advanced techniques to incorporate nanotopography into the design of experiments, or in cell culture environments. In addition, we highlight signal transduction pathways that are involved in conveying the extracellular matrix nanotopography information within the cells to influence cell behavior.
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21
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Sciancalepore AG, Portone A, Moffa M, Persano L, De Luca M, Paiano A, Sallustio F, Schena FP, Bucci C, Pisignano D. Micropatterning control of tubular commitment in human adult renal stem cells. Biomaterials 2016; 94:57-69. [PMID: 27105437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of renal injury by autologous, patient-specific adult stem cells is still an unmet need. Unsolved issues remain the spatial integration of stem cells into damaged areas of the organ, the commitment in the required cell type and the development of improved bioengineered devices. In this respect, biomaterials and architectures have to be specialized to control stem cell differentiation. Here, we perform an extensive study on micropatterned extracellular matrix proteins, which constitute a simple and non-invasive approach to drive the differentiation of adult renal progenitor/stem cells (ARPCs) from human donors. ARPCs are interfaced with fibronectin (FN) micropatterns, in the absence of exogenous chemicals or cellular reprogramming. We obtain the differentiation towards tubular cells of ARPCs cultured in basal medium conditions, the tubular commitment thus being specifically induced by micropatterned substrates. We characterize the stability of the tubular differentiation as well as the induction of a polarized phenotype in micropatterned ARPCs. Thus, the developed cues, driving the functional commitment of ARPCs, offer a route to recreate the microenvironment of the stem cell niche in vitro, that may serve, in perspective, for the development of ARPC-based bioengineered devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Sciancalepore
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alberto Portone
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Moffa
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luana Persano
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Aurora Paiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; Centro Addestramento Ricerca Scientifica in Oncologia (C.A.R.S.O.) Consortium, Strada Prov. le Valenzano-Casamassima, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Francesco P Schena
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; Centro Addestramento Ricerca Scientifica in Oncologia (C.A.R.S.O.) Consortium, Strada Prov. le Valenzano-Casamassima, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy; Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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22
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Hesari Z, Soleimani M, Atyabi F, Sharifdini M, Nadri S, Warkiani ME, Zare M, Dinarvand R. A hybrid microfluidic system for regulation of neural differentiation in induced pluripotent stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1534-43. [PMID: 26914600 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Controlling cellular orientation, proliferation, and differentiation is valuable in designing organ replacements and directing tissue regeneration. In the present study, we developed a hybrid microfluidic system to produce a dynamic microenvironment by placing aligned PDMS microgrooves on surface of biodegradable polymers as physical guidance cues for controlling the neural differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The neuronal differentiation capacity of cultured hiPSCs in the microfluidic system and other control groups was investigated using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and immunocytochemistry. The functionally of differentiated hiPSCs inside hybrid system's scaffolds was also evaluated on the rat hemisected spinal cord in acute phase. Implanted cell's fate was examined using tissue freeze section and the functional recovery was evaluated according to the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale. Our results confirmed the differentiation of hiPSCs to neuronal cells on the microfluidic device where the expression of neuronal-specific genes was significantly higher compared to those cultured on the other systems such as plain tissue culture dishes and scaffolds without fluidic channels. Although survival and integration of implanted hiPSCs did not lead to a significant functional recovery, we believe that combination of fluidic channels with nanofiber scaffolds provides a great microenvironment for neural tissue engineering, and can be used as a powerful tool for in situ monitoring of differentiation potential of various kinds of stem cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1534-1543, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hesari
- Deparmentof Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modaress University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Deparmentof Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mehrak Zare
- Skin and Stemcell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Deparmentof Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Kamei KI, Mashimo Y, Koyama Y, Fockenberg C, Nakashima M, Nakajima M, Li J, Chen Y. 3D printing of soft lithography mold for rapid production of polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic devices for cell stimulation with concentration gradients. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 17:36. [PMID: 25686903 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is advantageous over conventional technologies for the fabrication of sophisticated structures such as 3D micro-channels for future applications in tissue engineering and drug screening. We aimed to apply this technology to cell-based assays using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the most commonly used material for fabrication of micro-channels used for cell culture experiments. Useful properties of PDMS include biocompatibility, gas permeability and transparency. We developed a simple and robust protocol to generate PDMS-based devices using a soft lithography mold produced by 3D printing. 3D chemical gradients were then generated to stimulate cells confined to a micro-channel. We demonstrate that concentration gradients of growth factors, important regulators of cell/tissue functions in vivo, influence the survival and growth of human embryonic stem cells. Thus, this approach for generation of 3D concentration gradients could have strong implications for tissue engineering and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan,
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24
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Integrated Circuit-Based Biofabrication with Common Biomaterials for Probing Cellular Biomechanics. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:171-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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26
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Kshitiz, Afzal J, Kim DH, Levchenko A. Concise review: Mechanotransduction via p190RhoGAP regulates a switch between cardiomyogenic and endothelial lineages in adult cardiac progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1999-2007. [PMID: 24710857 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues can have pleiotropic influence on stem cell shape, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis, and are increasingly realized to play an instructive role in regeneration and maintenance of tissue structure and functions. To explore the putative effects of mechanical cues in regeneration of the cardiac tissue, we investigated therapeutically important cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), a heterogeneous patient- or animal-specific cell population containing c-Kit(+) multipotent stem cells. We showed that mechanical cues can instruct c-Kit(+) cell differentiation along two lineages with corresponding morphogenic changes, while also serving to amplify the initial c-Kit(+) subpopulation. In particular, mechanical cues mimicking the structure of myocardial extracellular matrix specify cardiomyogenic fate, while cues mimicking myocardium rigidity specify endothelial fates. Furthermore, we found that these cues dynamically regulate the same molecular species, p190RhoGAP, which then acts through both RhoA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, differential regulation of p190RhoGAP molecule by either mechanical inputs or genetic manipulation can determine lineage type specification. Since human CDCs are already in phase II clinical trials, the potential therapeutic use of mechanical or genetic manipulation of the cell fate could enhance effectiveness of these progenitor cells in cardiac repair, and shed new light on differentiation mechanisms in cardiac and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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27
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Kerativitayanan P, Carrow JK, Gaharwar AK. Nanomaterials for Engineering Stem Cell Responses. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1600-27. [PMID: 26010739 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in nanotechnology has stimulated the development of multifunctional biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Synergistic interactions between nanomaterials and stem cell engineering offer numerous possibilities to address some of the daunting challenges in regenerative medicine, such as controlling trigger differentiation, immune reactions, limited supply of stem cells, and engineering complex tissue structures. Specifically, the interactions between stem cells and their microenvironment play key roles in controlling stem cell fate, which underlines therapeutic success. However, the interactions between nanomaterials and stem cells are not well understood, and the effects of the nanomaterials shape, surface morphology, and chemical functionality on cellular processes need critical evaluation. In this Review, focus is put on recent development in nanomaterial-stem cell interactions, with specific emphasis on their application in regenerative medicine. Further, the emerging technologies based on nanomaterials developed over the past decade for stem cell engineering are reviewed, as well as the potential applications of these nanomaterials in tissue regeneration, stem cell isolation, and drug/gene delivery. It is anticipated that the enhanced understanding of nanomaterial-stem cell interactions will facilitate improved biomaterial design for a range of biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James K. Carrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
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28
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Bain LE, Ivanisevic A. Engineering the cell-semiconductor interface: a materials modification approach using II-VI and III-V semiconductor materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:768-780. [PMID: 25387841 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing functional biomedical devices based on semiconductor materials requires an understanding of interactions taking place at the material-biosystem interface. Cell behavior is dependent on the local physicochemical environment. While standard routes of material preparation involve chemical functionalization of the active surface, this review emphasizes both biocompatibility of unmodified surfaces as well as use of topographic features in manipulating cell-material interactions. Initially, the review discusses experiments involving unmodified II-VI and III-V semiconductors - a starting point for assessing cytotoxicity and biocompatibility - followed by specific surface modification, including the generation of submicron roughness or the potential effect of quantum dot structures. Finally, the discussion turns to more recent work in coupling topography and specific chemistry, enhancing the tunability of the cell-semiconductor interface. With this broadened materials approach, researchers' ability to tune the interactions between semiconductors and biological environments continues to improve, reaching new heights in device function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bain
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Engineering Building 1, Raleigh, NC, 27603, USA
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29
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Cosson S, Aeberli LG, Brandenberg N, Lutolf MP. Ultra-rapid prototyping of flexible, multi-layered microfluidic devices via razor writing. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:72-6. [PMID: 25373917 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00848k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of microfluidic devices is often still a time-consuming and costly process. Here we introduce a very simple and cheap microfabrication process based on "razor writing", also termed xurography, for the ultra-rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices. Thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membranes are spin-coated on flexible plastic foil and cut into user-defined shapes with a bench-top cutter plotter. The PDMS membranes can then be assembled into desirable microdevices via plasma bonding. The plastic foil allows manipulation of exceptionally thin (30-300 μm) PDMS layers and can be readily peeled after fabrication. This versatile technique can be used to produce a wide variety of microfluidic device prototypes within just a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Cosson
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Station 15, Bldg. AI 1106, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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30
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Patel S, Lee KB. Probing stem cell behavior using nanoparticle-based approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 7:759-78. [PMID: 25903468 PMCID: PMC5808881 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells hold significant clinical potential to treat numerous debilitating diseases and injures that currently have no treatment plan. While several advances have been made in developing stem cell platforms and methods to induce their differentiation, there are two critical aspects need to be addressed: (1) efficient delivery of nucleic acids and small molecules for stem cell differentiation, and (2) effective, noninvasive, and real-time tracking of transplanted stem cells. To address this, there has been a trend of utilizing various types of nanoparticles to not only deliver biomolecules to targeted site but also track the location of transplanted stem cells in real time. Over the past decade, various types of nanoparticles, including magnetic nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles, have been developed to serve as vehicles for targeted biomolecule delivery. In addition of being biocompatible without causing adverse side effect to stem cells, these nanoparticles have unique chemical and physical properties that allow tracking and imaging in real time using different imaging instruments that are commonly found in hospitals. A summary of the landmark and progressive demonstrations that utilize nanoparticles for stem cell application is described.
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31
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Uzel SGM, Pavesi A, Kamm RD. Microfabrication and microfluidics for muscle tissue models. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 115:279-93. [PMID: 25175338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relatively recent development of microfluidic systems with wide-ranging capabilities for generating realistic 2D or 3D systems with single or multiple cell types has given rise to an extensive collection of platform technologies useful in muscle tissue engineering. These new systems are aimed at (i) gaining fundamental understanding of muscle function, (ii) creating functional muscle constructs in vitro, and (iii) utilizing these constructs a variety of applications. Use of microfluidics to control the various stimuli that promote differentiation of multipotent cells into cardiac or skeletal muscle is first discussed. Next, systems that incorporate muscle cells to produce either 2D sheets or 3D tissues of contractile muscle are described with an emphasis on the more recent 3D platforms. These systems are useful for fundamental studies of muscle biology and can also be incorporated into drug screening assays. Applications are discussed for muscle actuators in the context of microrobotics and in miniaturized biological pumps. Finally, an important area of recent study involves coculture with cell types that either activate muscle or facilitate its function. Limitations of current designs and the potential for improving functionality for a wider range of applications is also discussed, with a look toward using current understanding and capabilities to design systems of greater realism, complexity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien G M Uzel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, 1 CREATE way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, 1 CREATE way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Dingal PCDP, Discher DE. Material control of stem cell differentiation: challenges in nano-characterization. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 28:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jeong Y, Choi J, Lee KH. Technology advancement for integrative stem cell analyses. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:669-82. [PMID: 24874188 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scientists have endeavored to use stem cells for a variety of applications ranging from basic science research to translational medicine. Population-based characterization of such stem cells, while providing an important foundation to further development, often disregard the heterogeneity inherent among individual constituents within a given population. The population-based analysis and characterization of stem cells and the problems associated with such a blanket approach only underscore the need for the development of new analytical technology. In this article, we review current stem cell analytical technologies, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each, followed by applications of these technologies in the field of stem cells. Furthermore, while recent advances in micro/nano technology have led to a growth in the stem cell analytical field, underlying architectural concepts allow only for a vertical analytical approach, in which different desirable parameters are obtained from multiple individual experiments and there are many technical challenges that limit vertically integrated analytical tools. Therefore, we propose--by introducing a concept of vertical and horizontal approach--that there is the need of adequate methods to the integration of information, such that multiple descriptive parameters from a stem cell can be obtained from a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong
- 1 BK21+ Department of BioNano Technology, Hanyang University , Seoul Campus, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nemeth CL, Janebodin K, Yuan AE, Dennis JE, Reyes M, Kim DH. Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2817-29. [PMID: 24749806 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. These findings suggest that nanotopography and HA provide important cues for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Nemeth
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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35
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Kim JE, Lee SM, Kim SH, Tatman P, Gee AO, Kim DH, Lee KE, Jung Y, Kim SJ. Effect of self-assembled peptide-mesenchymal stem cell complex on the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 1:141-57. [PMID: 24872709 PMCID: PMC4024982 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s54114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in self-assembled peptide (SAP) hydrogels in a rat knee model for the prevention of osteoarthritis (OA) progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanostructured KLD-12 SAPs were used as the injectable hydrogels. Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were used for the OA model. Ten rats were used for the evaluation of biotin-tagged SAP disappearance. Twenty-three rats were divided into four groups: MSC (n=6), SAP (n=6), SAP-MSC (n=6), and no treatment (n=5). MSCs, SAPs, and SAP-MSCs were injected into the knee joints 3 weeks postsurgery. Histologic examination, immunofluorescent staining, measurement of cytokine levels, and micro-computed tomography analysis were conducted 6 weeks after injections. Behavioral studies were done to establish baseline measurements before treatment, and repeated 3 and 6 weeks after treatment to measure the efficacy of SAP-MSCs. RESULTS Concentration of biotinylated SAP at week 1 was not significantly different from those at week 3 and week 6 (P=0.565). Bone mineral density was significantly lower in SAP-MSC groups than controls (P=0.002). Significant differences in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining between the control group and all other groups were observed. Caspase-8, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were diffusely stained in controls, whereas localized or minimal staining was observed in other groups. Modified Mankin scores were significantly lower in the SAP and SAP-MSC groups than in controls (P=0.001 and 0.013). Although not statistically significant, synovial inflammation scores were lower in the SAP (1.3±0.3) and SAP-MSC (1.3±0.2) groups than in controls (2.6±0.2). However, neither the cytokine level nor the behavioral score was significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION Injection of SAP-MSC hydrogels showed evidence of chondroprotection, as measured by the histologic grading and decreased expression of biochemical markers of inflammation and apoptosis. It also lowered subchondral bone mineral density, which can be increased by OA. This suggests that the SAP-MSC complex may have clinical potential to inhibit OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Mok Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Tatman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert O Gee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA ; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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36
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Cosson S, Lutolf MP. Hydrogel microfluidics for the patterning of pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4462. [PMID: 24662945 PMCID: PMC3964519 DOI: 10.1038/srep04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular signaling is of utmost importance in governing many biological processes such as the patterning of the developing embryo where biomolecules regulate key cell-fate decisions. In vivo, these factors are presented in a spatiotemporally tightly controlled fashion. Although state-of-the-art microfluidic technologies allow precise biomolecule delivery in time and space, long-term (stem) cell culture at the micro-scale is often far from ideal due to medium evaporation, limited space for cell growth or shear stress. To overcome these challenges, we here introduce a concept based on hydrogel microfluidics for decoupling conventional, macro-scale cell culture from precise biomolecule delivery through a gel layer. We demonstrate the spatiotemporally controlled neuronal commitment of mouse embryonic stem cells via delivery of retinoic acid gradients. This technique should be useful for testing the effect of dose and timing of biomolecules, singly or in combination, on stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cosson
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M P Lutolf
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Shao Y, Fu J. Integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for cell mechanics and mechanobiology: a materials perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1494-533. [PMID: 24339188 PMCID: PMC4076293 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials in the last two decades has empowered materials scientists and bioengineers to precisely control different aspects of the in vitro cell microenvironment. Following a philosophy of reductionism, many studies using synthetic functional biomaterials have revealed instructive roles of individual extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues in regulating cellular behaviors. Development of integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials to study complex and emergent biological phenomena has also thrived rapidly in recent years, revealing adaptive and integrated cellular behaviors closely relevant to human physiological and pathological conditions. Working at the interface between materials science and engineering, biology, and medicine, we are now at the beginning of a great exploration using micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for both fundamental biology study and clinical and biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine and drug screening. In this review, an overview of state of the art micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials that can control precisely individual aspects of cell-microenvironment interactions is presented and they are highlighted them as well-controlled platforms for mechanistic studies of mechano-sensitive and -responsive cellular behaviors and integrative biology research. The recent exciting trend where micro/nanoengineered biomaterials are integrated into miniaturized biological and biomimetic systems for dynamic multiparametric microenvironmental control of emergent and integrated cellular behaviors is also discussed. The impact of integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for future in vitro studies of regenerative medicine, cell biology, as well as human development and disease models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shao
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA)
| | - Jianping Fu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA). Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA)
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38
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Xue C, Wong D, Kasko AM. Complex dynamic substrate control: dual-tone hydrogel photoresists allow double-dissociation of topography and modulus. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1577-83. [PMID: 24339260 PMCID: PMC4198300 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Complex substrate control is demonstrated with a dual-tone hydrogel photoresist. By exposing a photodegradable hydrogel to UV light through a photomask, both swollen and eroded micropatterns with a decreased modulus can be created on the surface under different exposure conditions. This provides an important tool for investigating the synergistic effects of spatially heterogeneous mechanical and topological cues on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, 4121 Eng V, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States. California Nanosystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Darice Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, 4121 Eng V, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States. California Nanosystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Andrea M. Kasko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, 4121 Eng V, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States. California Nanosystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
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39
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Bloom AB, Zaman MH. Influence of the microenvironment on cell fate determination and migration. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:309-14. [PMID: 24619520 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00170.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several critical cell functions are influenced not only by internal cellular machinery but also by external mechanical and biochemical cues from the surrounding microenvironment. Slight changes to the microenvironment can result in dramatic changes to the cell's phenotype; for example, a change in the nutrients or pH of a tumor microenvironment can result in increased tumor metastasis. While cellular fate and the regulators of cell fate have been studied in detail for several decades now, our understanding of the extracellular regulators remains qualitative and far from comprehensive. In this review, we discuss the microenvironment influence on cell fate in terms of adhesion, migration, and differentiation and focus on both developments in experimental and computation tools to analyze cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Bloom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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40
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Kim MH, Ogawa Y, Yamada K, Taya M, Kino-oka M. Directed differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells toward a cardiomyogenic fate commitment through formation of cell aggregates. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Ahn EH, Kim Y, Kshitiz, An SS, Afzal J, Lee S, Kwak M, Suh KY, Kim DH, Levchenko A. Spatial control of adult stem cell fate using nanotopographic cues. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2401-2410. [PMID: 24388388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells hold great promise as a source of diverse terminally differentiated cell types for tissue engineering applications. However, due to the complexity of chemical and mechanical cues specifying differentiation outcomes, development of arbitrarily complex geometric and structural arrangements of cells, adopting multiple fates from the same initial stem cell population, has been difficult. Here, we show that the topography of the cell adhesion substratum can be an instructive cue to adult stem cells and topographical variations can strongly bias the differentiation outcome of the cells towards adipocyte or osteocyte fates. Switches in cell fate decision from adipogenic to osteogenic lineages were accompanied by changes in cytoskeletal stiffness, spanning a considerable range in the cell softness/rigidity spectrum. Our findings suggest that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) can respond to the varying density of nanotopographical cues by regulating their internal cytoskeletal network and use these mechanical changes to guide them toward making cell fate decisions. We used this finding to design a complex two-dimensional pattern of co-localized cells preferentially adopting two alternative fates, thus paving the road for designing and building more complex tissue constructs with diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steven S An
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Junaid Afzal
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Suengwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Moonkyu Kwak
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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42
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Abstract
Much has been made about the potential for stem cells in regenerative medicine but the reality is that the development of actual therapies has been slow. Adult stem cells rely heavily on the assortment of biochemical and biophysical elements that constitute the local microenvironment in which they exist. One goal of biomedicine is to create an artificial yet biofunctional niche to support multipotency, differentiation and proliferation. Such tools would facilitate more conclusive experimentation by biologists, pharmaceutical scientists and tissue engineers. While many bioengineering techniques and platforms are already in use, technological innovations now allow this to be done at a higher resolution and specificity. Ultimately, the multidisciplinary integration of engineering and biology will allow the niche to be generated at a scale that can be clinically exploited. Using the systems that constitute the intestinal, hematopoietic and epidermal tissues, this article summarizes the various approaches and tools currently employed to recreate stem cell niches and also explores recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Tan
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology , 8A Biomedical Grove, 06-06 Immunos , Singapore
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43
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44
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Byun CK, Abi-Samra K, Cho YK, Takayama S. Pumps for microfluidic cell culture. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:245-57. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyu Byun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Eonyang-eop; Ulju-gun Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Kameel Abi-Samra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Eonyang-eop; Ulju-gun Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Eonyang-eop; Ulju-gun Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Eonyang-eop; Ulju-gun Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan; Biointerfaces Institute; Ann Arbor MI USA
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45
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Weis S, Lee TT, del Campo A, García AJ. Dynamic cell-adhesive microenvironments and their effect on myogenic differentiation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8059-66. [PMID: 23791677 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell adhesion plays a central role in cell behavior on biomaterial surfaces and influences various cell functions. Photoactivatable RGD adhesive peptides were used to investigate the effect of the density and time point of bioadhesive ligand presentation on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. PEGylated self-assembled monolayers were functionalized with RGD and caged RGD ligands and seeded with C2C12 myoblasts. The cultures were irradiated at various time points between 1 and 48 h after cell seeding in order to increase RGD surface concentration at defined time points. Attachment, spreading and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts strongly varied with the density of RGD at the surface. Proliferation and myogenesis were further regulated by the time point at which RGD was presented to the cell, reaching highest levels when RGD exposure occurred≤6 h after cell seeding. These results provide fundamental insights in cell-biomaterial interactions of C2C12 myoblasts in terms of temporal integrin-mediated cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Weis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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46
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Polacheck WJ, Li R, Uzel SGM, Kamm RD. Microfluidic platforms for mechanobiology. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2252-67. [PMID: 23649165 PMCID: PMC3714214 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction has been a topic of considerable interest since early studies demonstrated a link between mechanical force and biological response. Until recently, studies of fundamental phenomena were based either on in vivo experiments with limited control or direct access, or on large-scale in vitro studies lacking many of the potentially important physiological factors. With the advent of microfluidics, many of the previous limitations of in vitro testing were eliminated or reduced through greater control or combined functionalities. At the same time, imaging capabilities were tremendously enhanced. In this review, we discuss how microfluidics has transformed the study of mechanotransduction. This is done in the context of the various cell types that exhibit force-induced responses and the new biological insights that have been elucidated. We also discuss new microfluidic studies that could produce even more realistic models of in vivo conditions by combining multiple stimuli or creating a more realistic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Polacheck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastien G. M. Uzel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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47
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Das RK, Zouani OF, Labrugère C, Oda R, Durrieu MC. Influence of nanohelical shape and periodicity on stem cell fate. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3351-3361. [PMID: 23451935 DOI: 10.1021/nn4001325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironments such as protein composition, physical features, geometry, and elasticity play important roles in stem cell lineage specification. The components of the extracellular matrix are known to subsequently assemble into fibrillar networks in vivo with defined periodicity. However, the effect of the most critical parameter, which involves the periodicity of these fibrillar networks, on the stem cell fate is not yet investigated. Here, we show the effect of synthetic fibrillar networks patterned with nanometric periodicities, using bottom-up approaches, on the response of stem cells. We have used helical organic nanoribbons based on self-assemblies of Gemini-type amphiphiles to access chiral silica nanoribbons with two different shapes and periodicities (twisted ribbons and helical ribbons) from the same native self-assembled organic nanostructure. We demonstrate the covalent grafting of these silica nanoribbons onto activated glass substrates and the influence of this programmed isotropically oriented matrix to direct the commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteoblast lineage in vitro, free of osteogenic-inducing media. The specific periodicity of 63 nm (±5 nm) with helical ribbon shape induces specific cell adhesion through the fibrillar focal adhesion formation and leads to stem cell commitment into osteoblast lineage. In contrast, the matrix of periodicity 100 nm (±15 nm) with twisted ribbon shape does not lead to osteoblast commitment. The inhibition of non-muscle myosin II with blebbistatin is sufficient to block this osteoblast commitment on helical nanoribbon matrix, demonstrating that stem cells interpret the nanohelical shape and periodicity environment physically. These results indicate that hMSCs could interpret nanohelical shape and periodicity in the same way they sense microenvironment elasticity. This provides a promising tool to promote hMSC osteogenic capacity, which can be exploited in a 3D scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat K Das
- UMR 5248 CBMN, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-ENITAB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France
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48
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Abstract
Research on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has expanded rapidly over the last two decades, owing to the promises of hPSCs for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and developmental biology studies. While most studies of hPSCs have so far focused on identifying extrinsic soluble factors, intracellular signaling pathways, and transcriptional networks that are involved in regulating hPSC self-renewal and differentiation, a few promising studies have emerged in recent years to reveal some unique mechano-sensitive and -responsive properties of hPSCs and the effect of the physical aspects of the local cellular microenvironment on regulating hPSC behaviors. This Frontier Review is to highlight these recent studies of mechanobiology in hPSCs and to discuss the impact of advancing our understanding of mechanoregulation of hPSC behaviors on improving survival, self-renewal and differentiation of hPSCs using well-controlled synthetic micro/nanoscale cell culture tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Sun
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Fax: +1-734-647-7303; Tel: +1-734-615-7363
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Fax: +1-734-647-7303; Tel: +1-734-615-7363
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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49
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La Francesca S. Nanotechnology and stem cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases: potential applications. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2012; 8:28-35. [PMID: 22891108 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-8-1-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cell therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has generated significant interest in recent years. Limitations to the clinical application of this therapy center on issues of stem cell delivery, engraftment, and fate. Nanotechnology-based cell labeling and imaging techniques facilitate stem cell tracking and engraftment studies. Nanotechnology also brings exciting new opportunities to translational stem cell research as it enables the controlled engineering of nanoparticles and nanomaterials that can properly relate to the physical scale of cell-cell and cell-niche interactions. This review summarizes the most relevant potential applications of nanoscale technologies to the field of stem cell therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio La Francesca
- Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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50
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Kshitiz, Park J, Kim P, Helen W, Engler AJ, Levchenko A, Kim DH. Control of stem cell fate and function by engineering physical microenvironments. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:1008-18. [PMID: 23077731 PMCID: PMC3476065 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20080e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic expression and function of stem cells are regulated by their integrated response to variable microenvironmental cues, including growth factors and cytokines, matrix-mediated signals, and cell–cell interactions. Recently, growing evidence suggests that matrix-mediated signals include mechanical stimuli such as strain, shear stress, substrate rigidity and topography, and these stimuli have a more profound impact on stem cell phenotypes than had previously been recognized, e.g. self-renewal and differentiation through the control of gene transcription and signaling pathways. Using a variety of cell culture models enabled by micro and nanoscale technologies, we are beginning to systematically and quantitatively investigate the integrated response of cells to combinations of relevant mechanobiological stimuli. This paper reviews recent advances in engineering physical stimuli for stem cell mechanobiology and discusses how micro- and nanoscale engineered platforms can be used to control stem cell niche environments and regulate stem cell fate and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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