1
|
Ghorui C, Kumbhakar P, Vs Kidavu A, Kumbhakar P, Chaudhary AK. Terahertz-based optoelectronic properties of ZnS quantum dot-polymer composites: For device applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124697. [PMID: 38959691 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) technology integration with nanomaterials is receiving excellent attention for next-generation applications, including enhanced imaging and communication. The excellent optical properties in THz domain can lead to preparation of low-cost CMOS camera which can convert THz radiation into optical signal in very efficient manner. In the present study, we have studied the properties of Zinc Sulfide quantum dots (ZnS QDs) embedded with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) composites films using THz Signal at room temperature. The optical characterizations such as refractive index, absorption coefficients and dielectric constants of these samples were measured in the 0.1-2.0 THz range. Additionally, optical impedance, surface roughness, and reflection coefficient in TE and TM mode between 0.1 and 2.0 THz range were determined for these samples based on surface roughness-based reflection and scattering properties. The surface roughness factor was used to measure the optical impedance of the ZnS QDs based polymer films. The measured values of the absorption coefficient at 266 nm are compared with THz radiation, and the refractive indices of these samples range from 1.75 to 2.0. Finally, these samples were subjected to UV light excitation (λexe = 266 nm) of 0.15 ns duration and 400 nm for the fluorescence and corresponding life time measurements. We observed two numbers of fluorescence lines in nanosecond based excited domain whereas 400 nm excitation-based fluorescence life time lies between 13.8-11.39 ns range along with shift in fluorescence lines between 538.7 to 560.7 nm, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Ghorui
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM, DIA-CoE), School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Partha Kumbhakar
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India; Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Arjun Vs Kidavu
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM, DIA-CoE), School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Pathik Kumbhakar
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.
| | - A K Chaudhary
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM, DIA-CoE), School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yang L, Hou L, Cao J. Detection of optical properties of chiral substances by a photoconductive THz polarization detector. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124490. [PMID: 38820816 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Chiral enantiomers have significant differences in biochemical functions. The use of THz wave polarization detection to characterize the optical properties of chiral substances is of great significance to the development of life science and the identification and application of chiral substances. However, the traditional polarization detection procedures of THz waves are complex, which limits the study of chiral substances. Herein, we proposed a high-sensitivity THz polarization detector, which can simultaneously obtain the change information of amplitude, phase, and polarization state through a single measurement. The optical rotation and elliptical angle of solid and liquid D/L-Glutamic acid 5-methyl ester in the THz band are studied. Then it is verified that anisotropic interference may occur in the preparation of solid samples. Finally, the effects of sample content and thickness on polarization are obtained. The experimental results show that different chirality has the opposite effect on the state of polarization, and the difference between chiral enantiomers can be detected by this method. This work is of great significance for understanding the optical properties of chiral substances and promoting the development of chiral recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Juncheng Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid-State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao R, Niu Q, Murtaza G, Zhang G, Yang Y. Integrated identification and detection of hydration state and its evolution using terahertz technology. Talanta 2024; 281:126943. [PMID: 39326113 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The accurate detection of dehydration processes in hydrated drugs can reveal various intermolecular vibration modes mediated by hydrogen bonds between water molecules and other components, which underpin the further development of pharmaceutical science, food safety and biophysics. Herein, terahertz (THz) technology is utilized to investigate the dehydration state of d(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (Rf·5H2O), in conjunction with imaging-based point by point scanning data acquisition and barcodes methods, to establish an innovative platform integrated identification, trace detection, and application capabilities. Our study demonstrates that the dehydration process of Rf·5H2O can be dynamically monitored through the evolution of its THz absorption peaks, offering more precise results compared to XRD and Raman spectroscopies. Moreover, the absorbance spectra data collected at each individual pixel is utilized to build visualized THz images, achieving an ultralow minimum content required for detection of 0.032 μg/(50 μm)2. Additionally, we introduce a THz spectra-barcode conversion system that not only ensures efficient electronic recordkeeping but also enhances user readability, thereby facilitating the practical applications of THz technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guling Zhang
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao F, Zhang X, Xu X, Zhang T, Tang F, Yin H, Hu T, Lei L, Cheng L, Hu M. Unveiling enamel demineralization mechanisms by sensitive dielectric differentiation based on terahertz nanospectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:5229-5237. [PMID: 39296400 PMCID: PMC11407262 DOI: 10.1364/boe.527554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The early stage of dental caries, i.e. demineralization, has always been a topic of concern to dentists. Understanding the essential mechanism of its occurrence is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. However, owing to limitations in resolution and the detection capabilities of diagnostic tools, the study of enamel demineralization has always been a challenge. Terahertz (THz) technology, especially the combination of scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), due to its nanoscale resolution, has shown great advantages in the field of biological imaging. Here, a THz s-SNOM system is used to perform near-field imaging of enamel before and after demineralization at the nanoscale. It can be found that near-field signals decrease significantly after demineralization. This is due to the changes of the crystal lattice and the transfer of mineral ions during demineralization, which leads to a decrease in the permittivity of the enamel. The novel approach in this study reveals the essence of demineralization and lays the groundwork for additional research and potential interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Terahertz Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaoqiuyan Zhang
- Terahertz Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- Terahertz Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Terahertz Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Fu Tang
- Terahertz Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haowei Yin
- Terahertz Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Hu
- Terahertz Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610054, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schreiner OD, Socotar D, Ciobanu RC, Schreiner TG, Tamba BI. Statistical Analysis of Gastric Cancer Cells Response to Broadband Terahertz Radiation with and without Contrast Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2454. [PMID: 39001516 PMCID: PMC11240478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The paper describes the statistical analysis of the response of gastric cancer cells and normal cells to broadband terahertz radiation up to 4 THz, both with and without the use of nanostructured contrast agents. The THz spectroscopy analysis was comparatively performed under the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure. The statistical analysis was conducted towards multiple pairwise comparisons, including a support medium (without cells) versus a support medium with nanoparticles, normal cells versus normal cells with nanoparticles, and, respectively, tumor cells versus tumor cells with nanoparticles. When generally comparing the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure for a broader frequency domain, the differentiation between normal and tumor cells in the presence of contrast agents is superior when using the ATR procedure. THz contrast enhancement by using contrast agents derived from MRI-related contrast agents leads to only limited benefits and only for narrow THz frequency ranges, a disadvantage for THz medical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Daniel Schreiner
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (O.D.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Diana Socotar
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (O.D.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Romeo Cristian Ciobanu
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (O.D.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- CEMEX-Center for Experimental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700259 Iasi, Romania (B.I.T.)
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- CEMEX-Center for Experimental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700259 Iasi, Romania (B.I.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Lin YS. Stretchable Dual-Axis Terahertz Bifocal Metalens with Flexibly Polarization-Dependent Focal Position and Direction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34338-34348. [PMID: 38900966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Varifocal lenses are essential components in any optical system, while traditional lenses suffer from bulky volume, fixed focal position, and limited working spectra. As well-arranged subwavelength structures, metalenses overcome the abovementioned obstacles and exhibit merits of ultrathin thickness, flexible focal length, and multifocus. The electromagnetic responses of metasurfaces, including metalens, rely on the phase distributions of phase-shifting elements. The steerable focal direction is investigated to obtain the combinations of focusing and anomalous refraction phase distribution. To fully explore the flexibility of focal length and direction, seven designs of double layers of terahertz (THz) bifocal metalenses are proposed and investigated in this study. They exhibit dependent and independent relationships of tunable focal length and direction with flexible tuning mechanisms. Along with polarization multiplexing, two different focuses can be obtained when the incident waves are x-linear and y-linear polarization states, respectively. The simulation results agreed well with the theoretical predictions. These designs provide a new method to modulate the focal position precisely with promising applications in wireless communication, imaging, and on-chip optical integration systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lei M, Zhang T, Lu X, Zhao X, Wang H, Long J, Lu Z. Membrane-mediated modulation of mitochondrial physiology by terahertz waves. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4065-4080. [PMID: 39022554 PMCID: PMC11249691 DOI: 10.1364/boe.528706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Extensive studies have demonstrated the diverse impacts of electromagnetic waves at gigahertz and terahertz (THz) frequencies on cytoplasmic membrane properties. However, there is little evidence of these impacts on intracellular membranes, particularly mitochondrial membranes crucial for mitochondrial physiology. In this study, human neuroblast-like cells were exposed to continuous 0.1 THz radiation at an average power density of 33 mW/cm2. The analysis revealed that THz exposure significantly altered the mitochondrial ultrastructure. THz waves enhanced the enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain but disrupted supercomplex assembly, compromising mitochondrial respiration. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed altered rates of change in the quantity of hydrogen bonds and infiltration of water molecules in lipid bilayers containing cardiolipin, indicating the specific behavior of cardiolipin, a signature phospholipid in mitochondria, under THz exposure. These findings suggest that THz radiation can significantly alter mitochondrial membrane properties, impacting mitochondrial physiology through a mechanism related to mitochondrial membrane, and provide deeper insight into the bioeffects of THz radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Lei
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingrong Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoyang Lu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poursharifi N, Hassanpouramiri M, Zink A, Ucuncu M, Parlak O. Transdermal Sensing of Enzyme Biomarker Enabled by Chemo-Responsive Probe-Modified Epidermal Microneedle Patch in Human Skin Tissue. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403758. [PMID: 38733567 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Wearable bioelectronics represents a significant breakthrough in healthcare settings, particularly in (bio)sensing which offers an alternative way to track individual health for diagnostics and therapy. However, there has been no notable improvement in the field of cancer, particularly for skin cancer. Here, a wearable bioelectronic patch is established for transdermal sensing of the melanoma biomarker, tyrosinase (Tyr), using a microneedle array integrated with a surface-bound chemo-responsive smart probe to enable target-specific electrochemical detection of Tyr directly from human skin tissue. The results presented herein demonstrate the feasibility of a transdermal microneedle sensor for direct quantification of enzyme biomarkers in an ex vivo skin model. Initial performance analysis of the transdermal microneedle sensor proves that the designed methodology can be an alternative for fast and reliable diagnosis of melanoma and the evaluation of skin moles. The innovative approach presented here may revolutionize the landscape of skin monitoring by offering a nondisruptive means for continuous surveillance and timely intervention of skin anomalies, such as inflammatory skin diseases or allergies and can be extended to the screening of multiple responses of complementary biomarkers with simple modification in device design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Poursharifi
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Morteza Hassanpouramiri
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Zink
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Muhammed Ucuncu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, 35620, Türkiye
| | - Onur Parlak
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu X, Zhang G, Qian J, Lü J, Zhu Y, Peng Y. Terahertz s-SNOM Imaging of a Single Cell with Nanoscale Resolution. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7757-7763. [PMID: 38874303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy is a robust spectral detection technique with a nanoscale resolution. However, there are still major challenges in investigating the heterogeneity of cell membrane components in individual cells. Here, we present a novel and comprehensive analytical approach for detecting and investigating heterogeneity in cell membrane components at the single-cell level. In comparison to the resolution of the topographical atomic force microscopy image, the spatial resolution of the terahertz near-field amplitude image is 3 times that of the former. This ultrafine resolution enables the compositional distribution in the cell membrane, such as the distribution of extracellular vesicles, to be finely characterized. Furthermore, via extraction of the near-field absorption images at specific frequencies, the visualization and compositional difference analysis of cell membrane components can be presented in detail. These findings have significant implications for the intuitive and visual analysis of cell development and disease evolutionary pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xitian Hu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guangxu Zhang
- Phenomics & Healthspan Pharmacology Lab, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiang Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Junhong Lü
- Phenomics & Healthspan Pharmacology Lab, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rhie J, Lee D, Kim T, Kim S, Seo M, Kim DS, Bahk YM. Optical Tweezing Terahertz Probing for a Single Metal Nanoparticle. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6753-6760. [PMID: 38708988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently, extensive research has been reported on the detection of metal nanoparticles using terahertz waves, due to their potential for efficient and nondestructive detection of chemical and biological samples without labeling. Resonant terahertz nanoantennas can be used to detect a small amount of molecules whose vibrational modes are in the terahertz frequency range with high sensitivity. However, the positioning of target molecules is critical to obtaining a reasonable signal because the field distribution is inhomogeneous over the antenna structure. Here, we combine an optical tweezing technique and terahertz spectroscopy based on nanoplasmonics, resulting in extensive controllable tweezing and sensitive detection at the same time. We observed optical tweezing of a gold nanoparticle and detected it with terahertz waves by using a single bowtie nanoantenna. Furthermore, the calculations confirm that molecular fingerprinting is possible by using our technique. This study will be a prestep of biomolecular detection using gold nanoparticles in terahertz spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeah Rhie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukhyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Quantum Photonics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Seo
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Sik Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Quantum Photonics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Bahk
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao X, Yang C, Chen X, Sun Y, Liu W, Ge Q, Yang J. Characteristic fingerprint spectrum of α-synuclein mutants on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Biophys J 2024; 123:1264-1273. [PMID: 38615192 PMCID: PMC11140463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein encoded by the SNCA gene, is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Point mutations and multiplications of α-synuclein (A30P and A53T) are correlated with early-onset Parkinson's disease characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. Currently, the clinical identification of SNCA variants, especially disease-related A30P and A53T mutants, remains challenging and also time consuming. This study aimed to develop a novel label-free detection method for distinguishing the SNCA mutants using transmission terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. The protein was spin-coated onto the quartz to form a thin film, which was measured using THz time-domain spectroscopy. The spectral characteristics of THz broadband pulse waves of α-synuclein protein variants (SNCA wild type, A30P, and A53T) at different frequencies were analyzed via Fourier transform. The amplitude A intensity (AWT, AA30P, and AA53T) and peak occurrence time in THz time-domain spectroscopy sensitively distinguished the three protein variants. The phase φ difference in THz frequency domain followed the trend of φWT > φA30P > φA53T. There was a significant difference in THz frequency amplitude A' corresponding to the frequency ranging from 0.4 to 0.66 THz (A'A53T > A'A30P > A'WT). At a frequency of 0.4-0.6 THz, the transmission T of THz waves distinguished three variants (TA53T > TA30P > TWT), whereas there was no difference in the transmission T at 0.66 THz. The SNCA wild-type protein and two mutant variants (A30P and A53T) had distinct characteristic fingerprint spectra on THz time-domain spectroscopy. This novel label-free detection method has great potential for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggang Ge
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun M, Lin J, Xue Y, Wang W, Shi S, Zhang S, Shi Y. A Terahertz Metasurface Sensor Based on Quasi-BIC for Detection of Additives in Infant Formula. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:883. [PMID: 38786839 PMCID: PMC11123880 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Prohibited additives in infant formula severely affect the health of infants. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has enormous application potential in analyte detection due to its rich fingerprint information content. However, there is limited research on the mixtures of multiple analytes. In this study, we propose a split ring metasurface that supports magnetic dipole bound states in the continuum (BIC). By breaking the symmetry, quasi-BIC with a high quality (Q) factor can be generated. Utilizing an angle-scanning strategy, the frequency of the resonance dip can be shifted, resulting in the plotting of an envelope curve which can reflect the molecular fingerprint of the analytes. Two prohibited additives found in infant formula, melamine and vanillin, can be identified in different proportions. Furthermore, a metric similar to the resolution in chromatographic analysis is introduced and calculated to be 0.61, indicating that these two additives can be detected simultaneously. Our research provides a new solution for detecting additives in infant formula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanpeng Shi
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng Q, Zhao Y, Wang X, Su B, Zhang S, Cui H, Zhang C. Highly integrated automatic injection terahertz microfluidic biosensor based on metasurface and LT-GaAs photoconductive antenna. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:16867-16878. [PMID: 38858883 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly integrated terahertz (THz) biosensor is proposed and implemented, which pioneered the preparation of low-temperature gallium arsenide (LT-GaAs) thin film photoconductive antenna (PCA) on the sensor for direct generation and detection of THz waves, simplifying complex terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) systems. A latch type metasurface is deposited in the detection region to produce a resonance absorption peak at 0.6 THz that is independent of polarisation. Microfluidics is utilised and automatic injection is incorporated to mitigate the experimental effects of hydrogen bond absorption of THz waves in aqueous-based environment. Additionally, cell damage is minimised by regulating the cell flow rate. The biosensor was utilised to detect the concentration of three distinct sizes of bacteria with successful results. The assay was executed as a proof of concept to detect two distinct types of breast cancer cells. Based on the experimental findings, it has been observed that the amplitude and blueshift of the resonance absorption peaks have the ability to identify and differentiate various cancer cell types. The findings of this study introduce a novel approach for developing microfluidic THz metasurface biosensors that possess exceptional levels of integration, sensitivity, and rapid label-free detection capabilities.
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo X, Li J, Huang G, Xie F, He Z, Zeng X, Tian H, Liu Y, Fu W, Yang X. Metal-Graphene Hybrid Terahertz Metasurfaces for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection Based on Dual Signal Amplification. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2122-2133. [PMID: 38602840 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has impressive capability for label-free biosensing, but its utility in clinical laboratories is rarely reported due to often unsatisfactory detection performances. Here, we fabricated metal-graphene hybrid THz metasurfaces (MSs) for the sensitive and enzyme-free detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in pancreatic cancer plasma samples. The feasibility and mechanism of the enhanced effects of a graphene bridge across the MS and amplified by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The AuNPs serve to boost charge injection in the graphene film and result in producing a remarkable change in the graded transmissivity index to THz radiation of the MS resonators. Assay design utilizes this feature and a cascade hybridization chain reaction initiated on magnetic beads in the presence of target ctDNA to achieve dual signal amplification (chemical and optical). In addition to demonstrating subfemtomolar detection sensitivity and single-nucleotide mismatch selectivity, the proposed method showed remarkable capability to discriminate between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals by recognizing and quantifying targeted ctDNAs. The introduction of graphene to the metasurface produces an improved sensitivity of 2 orders of magnitude for ctDNA detection. This is the first study to report the combined application of graphene and AuNPs in biosensing by THz spectroscopic resonators and provides a combined identification scheme to detect and discriminate different biological analytes, including nucleic acids, proteins, and various biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jining Li
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guorong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengxin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhe He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huiyan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Okatani T, Dashdeleg MO, Inomata N, Kanamori Y. Terahertz stretchable metamaterials with deformable dolmen resonators for uniaxial strain measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:12024-12039. [PMID: 38571037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.514848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a terahertz stretchable metamaterial that can measure uniaxial strain. Gold dolmen resonators formed on a sheet of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is deformed by strain, and its resonance peak exhibits the gradual decrease in reflectance without a frequency shift, which is suitable for imaging applications at a single frequency. The metamaterial was designed by mechanical and electromagnetic simulations and fabricated by microfabrication including a transfer process of gold structures from a glass substrate to a PDMS sheet. By measuring the reflectance and observing the deformation under different strains, the reflectance decrease was obtained at 0.292 THz despite the appearance of wrinkles on gold structures. Linear response and repeatability up to 20% strain were also confirmed. Furthermore, the strain measurement through a sheet of paper was demonstrated, suggesting that our method can be applied even in situations where opaque obstacles in the visible region exist.
Collapse
|
16
|
Qi X, Bertling K, Torniainen J, Kong F, Gillespie T, Primiero C, Stark MS, Dean P, Indjin D, Li LH, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Brünig M, Mills T, Rosendahl C, Soyer HP, Rakić AD. Terahertz in vivo imaging of human skin: Toward detection of abnormal skin pathologies. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016117. [PMID: 38476403 PMCID: PMC10932572 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) imaging has long held promise for skin cancer detection but has been hampered by the lack of practical technological implementation. In this article, we introduce a technique for discriminating several skin pathologies using a coherent THz confocal system based on a THz quantum cascade laser. High resolution in vivo THz images (with diffraction limited to the order of 100 μm) of several different lesion types were acquired and compared against one another using the amplitude and phase values. Our system successfully separated pathologies using a combination of phase and amplitude information and their respective surface textures. The large scan field (50 × 40 mm) of the system allows macroscopic visualization of several skin lesions in a single frame. Utilizing THz imaging for dermatological assessment of skin lesions offers substantial additional diagnostic value for clinicians. THz images contain information complementary to the information contained in the conventional digital images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X. Qi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - K. Bertling
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J. Torniainen
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - F. Kong
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - T. Gillespie
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - C. Primiero
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - M. S. Stark
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - P. Dean
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - D. Indjin
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - L. H. Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - E. H. Linfield
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A. G. Davies
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - M. Brünig
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - T. Mills
- OscillaDx Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. Rosendahl
- General Practice Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicinee, The University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
| | - H. P. Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - A. D. Rakić
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang M, Liu J, Wang N, Zhang B, Gao F, Wang M, Song Q. High-precision sensor for glucose solution using active multidimensional feature THz spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1418-1427. [PMID: 38495721 PMCID: PMC10942695 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz waves are known for their bio-safety and spectral fingerprinting features, and terahertz spectroscopy technology holds great potential for both qualitative and quantitative identification in the biomedical field. There has been a substantial amount of research utilizing this technology in conjunction with machine learning algorithms for substance identification. However, due to the strong absorption of water for terahertz waves, the single-dimensional features of the sample become indistinct, thereby diminishing the efficiency of the algorithmic recognition. Building upon this, we propose a method that employs terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in conjunction with multidimensional feature spectrum identification for the detection of blood sugar and glucose mixtures. Our research indicates that combining THz-TDS with multidimensional feature spectrum and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithms can effectively identify glucose concentrations and detect adulteration. By integrating the multidimensional feature spectrum, the identification success rate increased from 68.9% to 96.0%. This method offers an economical, rapid, and safe alternative to traditional methods and can be applied in blood sugar monitoring, sweetness assessment, and food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Feilong Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Minghong Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Qi Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li X, Wang Z, Jiang H, Deng M, Yin L, Gong C, Liu W. Super-resolution terahertz imaging based on a meta-waveguide. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1261-1264. [PMID: 38426988 DOI: 10.1364/ol.513859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A terahertz metamaterial waveguide (meta-waveguide) and a meta-waveguide-based lens-free imaging system are presented. The meta-waveguide not only inherits the low-loss transmission performance of a waveguide but also breaks through the diffraction limit under the action of the metamaterial, achieving subwavelength focusing. The focusing distance is far greater than the Rayleigh length, thus enabling far-field scanning imaging. For verification, a metal ring-based meta-waveguide was fabricated by 3D printing and metal cladding technology. Then, a transmission scanning imaging system working at 0.1 THz was built. High quality terahertz images with a resolution of 1/3 of the wavelength were obtained by placing the imaging targets at the focus and performing two-dimensional scanning. The focusing and transmission of terahertz wave in the meta-waveguide were simulated and analyzed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu H, Lin W, Ma X, Hu X, Wang X. Terahertz 3-D fast line-scanning imaging using 3-D printed devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4111-4121. [PMID: 38297619 DOI: 10.1364/oe.511757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a terahertz (THz) fast line-scanning imaging system with three-dimensional (3-D) focus-steering capability operating at 0.1 THz. The system comprises a 3-D printed rotating multi-prism plate and a dual-device structure consisting of a negative ridge pyramid and a column ridge pyramid. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the system generates a sheet-shaped diffraction-free beam with a projection distance of approximately 175 mm and a diffraction-free distance of approximately 200 mm. Moreover, the system maintains a resolution greater than 4 mm within the diffraction-free range. Furthermore, the proposed THz lens-less line-scanning imaging system enables 3-D scanning imaging within a set range of ±22°. The proposed approach can be extended to cover other frequencies within the THz range by appropriately adjusting the parameters. The system has the advantages of long working distance and long depth of field, making it a very attractive candidate for low-cost, easy-fabrication, and easy-adjustment solutions for the next generation of THz fast detection and imaging technology.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fedorov AS, Eremkin EV, Krasnov PO, Gerasimov VS, Ågren H, Polyutov SP. A hybrid quantum-classical theory for predicting terahertz charge-transfer plasmons in metal nanoparticles on graphene. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044117. [PMID: 38294310 DOI: 10.1063/5.0178247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticle (NP) complexes lying on a single-layer graphene surface are studied with a developed original hybrid quantum-classical theory using the Finite Element Method (FEM) that is computationally cheap. Our theory is based on the motivated assumption that the carrier charge density in the doped graphene does not vary significantly during the plasmon oscillations. Charge transfer plasmon (CTP) frequencies, eigenvectors, quality factors, energy loss in the NPs and in graphene, and the absorption power are aspects that are theoretically studied and numerically calculated. It is shown the CTP frequencies reside in the terahertz range and can be represented as a product of two factors: the Fermi level of graphene and the geometry of the NP complex. The energy losses in the NPs are predicted to be inversely dependent on the radius R of the nanoparticle, while the loss in graphene is proportional to R and the interparticle distance. The CTP quality factors are predicted to be in the range ∼10-100. The absorption power under CTP excitation is proportional to the scalar product of the CTP dipole moment and the external electromagnetic field. The developed theory makes it possible to simulate different properties of CTPs 3-4 orders of magnitude faster compared to the original FEM or the finite-difference time domain method, providing possibilities for predicting the plasmonic properties of very large systems for different applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Fedorov
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E V Eremkin
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - P O Krasnov
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - V S Gerasimov
- Institute of Computational Modeling SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - H Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S P Polyutov
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yan X, Liang L, Zhang R, Wu G, Yao H, Li Z, Wang Z, Hu X, Li Y, Zhang Y. Fano resonance-integrated metal nanoparticles' enhanced sensing for pesticide detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:1295-1304. [PMID: 38297684 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The combined application of metasurface and terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy techniques has received considerable attention in the fields of sensing and detection. However, to detect trace samples, the THz wave must still be enhanced locally using certain methods to improve the detection sensitivity. In this study, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a fano resonance metasurface-based silver nanoparticles (FaMs-AgNPs) sensor. AgNPs can enhance the sensitivity of the sensor by generating charge accumulation and inducing localized electric field enhancement through the tip effect, thereby enhancing the interaction between the THz waves and analytes. We investigated the effects of four different contents of AgNPs, 10 µl, 20 µl, 30 µl and 40 µl, on the detection of acetamiprid. At 30 µl of AgNPs, the amplitude change of the FaMs-AgNPs sensor was more pronounced and the sensitivity was higher, which could detect acetamiprid solutions as low as 100 pg/ml. The FaMs-AgNPs sensor has the advantages of a simple structure, easy processing, and excellent sensing performance, and has a great potential application value in the field of THz trace detection and other fields.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu H, Wang G, Wang K, Liu G, Zhou Y, Xie S, Di Y, Xu J, Zhou H, Mou J, Ding C. Grid composite meta-surface absorber with thermal isolation structure for terahertz detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:205-216. [PMID: 38175049 DOI: 10.1364/oe.509580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This paper specifically focuses on the absorber, the critical component responsible for the detector's response performance. The meta-surface absorber combines two resonant structures and achieves over 80% absorptance around 210 GHz, resulting in a broad operating frequency range. FR-4 is selected as the dielectric layer to be compatible with standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology, which reduces the overall fabrication time and cost. The absorbing unit and array layout are symmetrically designed, providing stable absorptance performance even under incident waves of different polarization angles. The polarization-insensitive absorptance characteristic further enhances the compatibility between the absorber and the detector in the application scenario. Furthermore, the thermal insulation performance of the absorber is ensured by introducing thermal insulation gaps. After completing fabrication through PCB technology, testing revealed that the absorber maintained excellent absorptance performance within its primary operating frequency range. This performance consistency closely matched the simulation results.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fang J, Yuan C, Luo X, He Z, Fu W. A Thermus thermophilus argonaute-coupling exponential amplification assay for ultrarapid analysis of circulating tumor DNA. Talanta 2024; 266:125034. [PMID: 37597338 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a noninvasive biomarker for liquid biopsy with important clinical and biological information, but existing detection techniques are expensive, complex and quite time-consuming. Here, we report an ultrarapid, sensitive and simple method, which we term Thermus thermophilus argonaute-coupling exponential amplification reaction (TtAgo-CEAR), that selectively amplifies mutated ctDNA. Aiming at seven Kirsten rat sarcoma-2 virus (KRAS) point mutations, the present strategy allows for easy detection with attomolar sensitivity and single-nucleotide specificity within as little as 16 min without prior PCR amplification. We also demonstrate that TtAgo-coupling assay is easily adaptable to Terahertz spectroscopy-based and lateral-flow-based readout. We show that the detected ctDNA concentrations by mouse models can respond to the variations of disease burden in serum samples. It is envisioned that this TtAgo-CEAR approach has great potential for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of diverse malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Changjing Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xizi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhe He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee J, Lee J, Lee G, Kim DS, Ryu YS, Seo M. Advancements of Intense Terahertz Field Focusing on Metallic Nanoarchitectures for Monitoring Hidden Interatomic Gas-Matter Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308975. [PMID: 37994274 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
With the advancements of nanotechnology, innovative photonic designs coupled with functional materials provide a unique way to acquire, share, and respond effectively to information. It is found that the simple deposition of a 30 nm-thick palladium nanofilm on a terahertz (THz) metasurface chip with a 14 nm-wide effective nanogap of asymmetric materials and geometries allows the tracking of both interatomic and interfacial gas-matter interactions, including gas adsorption, hydrogenation (or dehydrogenation), metal phase changes, and unique water-forming reactions. Combinatorial analyses by simulation and experimental measurements demonstrate the distinct nanostructures, which leads to significant light-matter interactions and corresponding THz absorption in a real-time, highly repeatable, and reliable manner. The complex lattice dynamics and intrinsic properties of metals influenced by hydrogen gas exposure are also thoroughly examined using systematically controlled ternary gas mixture devices that mimic normal temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the novel degrees of freedom are utilized to analyze various physical phenomena, and thus, analytical methods that enable the tracking of unknown hidden stages of water-forming reactions resulting in water growth are introduced. A single exposure of the wave spectrum emphasizes the robustness of the proposed THz nanoscopic probe, bridging the gap between fundamental laboratory research and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Lee
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Geon Lee
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Long-wavelength Nanotechnology Laboratory, and Quantum Photonics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Sik Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Long-wavelength Nanotechnology Laboratory, and Quantum Photonics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sang Ryu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Seo
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fang X, Huang H, Zhang H, Yang Z, Lyu Z, Yang H, Li N, Zhao T, Yu X, Zhang L. High resolution terahertz ATR frequency-domain spectroscopy for monitoring spinal cord injury in rats. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:479-490. [PMID: 38223171 PMCID: PMC10783913 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to permanent neurological impairment, underscoring the urgency of regular therapeutic intervention and monitoring. In this study, we propose a new strategy for monitoring spinal cord injury through serum based on high-resolution THz attenuated total reflection frequency domain spectroscopy (THz-ATR-FDS). We demonstrated serum spectral differences at different time points after experimental SCI in rats. We also studied the relationship between serum lipid concentration and the time of SCI, which revealed the potential of lipid molecules as biomarkers of SCI. In addition, based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and least squares regression (LSR) models, the quantitative relationship between the refractive index spectrum and lipid concentration in serum was automatically analyzed. This work highlights terahertz spectroscopy as a promising tool for label-free, periodic, and efficient monitoring of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hanxu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zuomin Yang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhidong Lyu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hang Yang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xianbin Yu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Crabb J, Cantos-Roman X, Aizin G, Jornet JM. On-Chip Integration of a Plasmonic FET Source and a Nano-Patch Antenna for Efficient Terahertz Wave Radiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3114. [PMID: 38133011 PMCID: PMC10746025 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) integrated with microstrip patch antennas offer a promising approach for terahertz signal radiation. In this study, a dual-stage simulation methodology is employed to comprehensively investigate the device's performance. The initial stage, executed in MATLAB, delves into charge transport dynamics within a FET under asymmetric boundary conditions, employing hydrodynamic equations for electron transport in the graphene channel. Electromagnetic field interactions are modeled via Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) techniques. The second stage, conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics, focuses on the microstrip patch antenna's radiative characteristics. Notably, analysis of the S11 curve reveals minimal reflections at the FET's resonant frequency of 1.34672 THz, indicating efficient impedance matching. Examination of the radiation pattern demonstrates the antenna's favorable directional properties. This research underscores the potential of graphene-based FETs for terahertz applications, offering tunable impedance matching and high radiation efficiency for future terahertz devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Crabb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Xavier Cantos-Roman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Gregory Aizin
- Kingsborough College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11235, USA;
| | - Josep Miquel Jornet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen Y, Li D, Liu Y, Hu L, Qi Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Chen T, Wang C, Zhong S, Ding J. Optimal frequency determination for terahertz technology-based detection of colitis-related cancer in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300193. [PMID: 37556310 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy globally, often linked to chronic colitis. Terahertz technology, with its noninvasive and fingerprint spectroscopic properties, holds promise in disease diagnosis. This study aimed to explore terahertz technology's application in colitis-associated cancer using a mouse model. Mouse colorectal tissues were transformed into paraffin-embedded blocks for histopathological analysis using HE staining. Terahertz transmission spectroscopy was performed on the tissue blocks. By comparing terahertz absorption differences, specific frequency bands were identified as optimal for distinguishing cancerous and normal tissues. The study revealed that terahertz spectroscopy effectively differentiates colitis-related cancers from normal tissues. Remarkably, 1.8 THz emerged as a potential optimal frequency for diagnosing colorectal cancer in mice. This suggests the potential for rapid histopathological diagnosis of colorectal cancer using terahertz technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanlin Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - ChengDang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuncong Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun Z, Liang C, Chen C, Wang X, Zhou E, Bian X, Yang Y, You R, Zhao X, Zhao J, You Z. High-Efficiency Dynamic Terahertz Deflector Utilizing a Mechanically Tunable Metasurface. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0274. [PMID: 38434248 PMCID: PMC10907017 DOI: 10.34133/research.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) wave manipulation, especially the beam deflection, plays an essential role in various applications, such as next-generation communication, space exploration, and high-resolution imaging. Current THz optical components and devices are hampered by their large bulk sizes and passive responses, limiting the development of high-performance, miniaturized THz microsystems. Tunable metasurfaces offer a powerful dynamic optical platform for controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves. In this article, we presented a mechanically tunable metasurface (MTM), which can achieve terahertz beam deflection and vary the intensity of the anomalous reflected terahertz wave by changing the air gap between the metallic resonator (MR) array with phase discontinuities and Au ground plane. The absence of lossy spacer materials substantially enhances deflection efficiency. The device was fabricated by a combination of the surface and bulk-micromachining processes. The THz beam steering capability was characterized using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. When the air gap is 50 μm, the maximum deflection coefficient reaches 0.60 at 0.61 THz with a deflection angle of ~44.5°, consistent with theoretical predictions. We further established an electrically tunable miniaturized THz device for dynamic beam steering by introducing a micro voice coil motor to control the air gap continuously. It is shown that our designed MTM demonstrates a high modulation depth of deflection coefficient (~ 62.5%) in the target steered angle at the operating frequency. Our results showcase the potential of the proposed MTM as a platform for high-efficiency THz beam manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenci Sun
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiayu Wang
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Enze Zhou
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaomeng Bian
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering,
Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100016, China
| | - Yuanmu Yang
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui You
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering,
Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100016, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng You
- Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Elias E, Sideris S, McDonnell C, Ellenbogen T. Generating Angular-Varying Time Delays of THz Pulses via Direct Space-to-Time Mapping of Metasurface Structures. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:1783-1790. [PMID: 38037652 PMCID: PMC10683364 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of double terahertz (THz) pulses with tailored angular-dependent time delays from a nonlinear metasurface excited by a near-infrared femtosecond pulse. The tailored temporal properties of the generated pulses emerge from a direct mapping of the nonlinear spatial response of the metasurface to the emitted THz temporal profile. We utilize the Pancharatnam-Berry phase to implement symmetric and antisymmetric metasurface configurations and show that the emitted patterns present spatiotemporal "X-shaped" profiles after collimation by a parabolic mirror, with angular-dependent pulse delays corresponding to the intended design. In addition, we show that the addition of polarization multiplexing presents the opportunity to achieve a full range of elliptical THz polarizations. Double pulse generation and spatiotemporal shaping of THz waves in general show potential for THz spectroscopy and molecular dynamics applications, particularly in pump-probe experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elazar Elias
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
| | - Symeon Sideris
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Cormac McDonnell
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang N, Shi Q, Wei M, Xiao Y, Xia M, Cai X, Zhang X, Wang W, Pan X, Mao H, Zou X, Guo M, Zhang X. Deep-Learning Terahertz Single-Cell Metabolic Viability Study. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21383-21393. [PMID: 37767788 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell viability assessment is critical, yet existing assessments are not accurate enough. We report a cell viability evaluation method based on the metabolic ability of a single cell. Without culture medium, we measured the absorption of cells to terahertz laser beams, which could target a single cell. The cell viability was assessed with a convolution neural classification network based on cell morphology. We established a cell viability assessment model based on the THz-AS (terahertz-absorption spectrum) results as y = a = (x - b)c, where x is the terahertz absorbance and y is the cell viability, and a, b, and c are the fitting parameters of the model. Under water stress the changes in terahertz absorbance of cells corresponded one-to-one with the apoptosis process, and we propose a cell 0 viability definition as terahertz absorbance remains unchanged based on the cell metabolic mechanism. Compared with typical methods, our method is accurate, label-free, contact-free, and almost interference-free and could help visualize the cell apoptosis process for broad applications including drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Electrical Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qian Shi
- School of Electrical Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Mingji Wei
- School of Electrical Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Muming Xia
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xiaolu Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wencong Wang
- School of Electrical Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Hanping Mao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ming Guo
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kitagishi K, Kawai T, Tonouchi M, Serita K. An innovative detection technique for capillary electrophoresis: Localized terahertz emission-time domain spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464384. [PMID: 37801940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) is a recently emerging analysis method which can provide unique information on molecular vibration and rotation induced by inter/intra-molecular interactions. Although the application of THz-TDS to high-performance microscale separation methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been anticipated, it has been hindered due to the diffraction limit of THz wave (typically, hundreds µm). In order to realize CE-THz-TDS, in this study, we placed a narrow open-tubular capillary on the surface of a GaAs semiconductor substrate as a "localized" THz-emitter. By focusing femtosecond pulsed laser beams at the surface of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate closest to the capillary, THz waves were locally generated to pass through the capillary, so that THz absorbance spectra were obtained from the capillary which has narrower inner diameter than the diffraction limit. As a typical result from acetic acid analysis in the CE-THz-TDS platform, information on the refractive index and extinction coefficient was obtained, which showed non-linear and linear concentration dependence, respectively, similar to conventional THz-TDS using large liquid cells. Finally, CE-THz-TDS analysis of several carboxylic acids was demonstrated. Two acids were successfully separated and detected with THz-TDS, where their electrophoretic mobility values were estimated as close to those obtained with conventional contactless conductivity detection. Our proposed CE-THz-TDS showed the potential for the systematic analysis of inter/intra-molecular weak interactions like hydrogen bonds, which are unable to obtain with conventional detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kitagishi
- Terahertz Photonics (THP) Group, Photon Beam Science Research Division, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0971, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tonouchi
- Terahertz Photonics (THP) Group, Photon Beam Science Research Division, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0971, Japan
| | - Kazunori Serita
- Terahertz Photonics (THP) Group, Photon Beam Science Research Division, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0971, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo Q, Fan S, Yin X, Jiao B, Mu J, Ming N, Guo L, Yuan J, Wang K, Zhang X. Highly sensitive frequency upconversion detection from 1 to 3 THz with OH1 crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:38970-38976. [PMID: 38017987 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The wide applications of terahertz (THz) wave technology in the ∼1-3 THz range has resulted in a surge in the demand for the performance improvement of THz wave detection technique. In this study, a frequency tunable, highly sensitive frequency upconversion detection based on a 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dime-thylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile (OH1) crystal at room temperature is demonstrated. Moreover, to effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio in the low frequency range, a beam isolation enhancer is proposed and its effect is verified. The minimum detectable THz pulse energy reaches about 100 aJ at 1.9 THz. The frequency tuning ranging from 1 to 3 THz. Sensitivity comparison with a 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) crystal system shows that OH1 is a more suitable nonlinear crystal in the 1-2.4 THz range.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Z, Wang Y, Li H, Ge M, Xu D, Yao J. Narrow linewidth and wideband tunable continuous-wave terahertz generator based on difference frequency generation with DAST crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:39030-39038. [PMID: 38017992 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A narrow linewidth and wideband tunable continuous-wave terahertz generator with DAST crystal has been demonstrated in this paper. Two narrow-linewidth CW fiber lasers were used as the pump sources for difference frequency generation. The terahertz wave can be continuously tunable in the range of 1.1-3 THz. The maximum output power of 2.79nW was obtained at 2.568 THz. The linewidth of the output THz wave was estimated to be 56.5 MHz by fitting transmission spectrum of CO gas at 450 Pa pressure around 80.52 cm-1 with the Vogit gas model. Furthermore, the output spectra at room temperature and pressure was in good agreement with the air absorption lines in Hitran database. Moreover, the narrower absorption characteristic spectrum of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose sample has been obtained through the spectrum measurements. Therefore, it could promote the practical prospect of tunable CW-THz source, which will have good potential in THz high-precision spectroscopic detection and multispectral imaging.
Collapse
|
34
|
He Z, Luo Y, Huang G, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Tian H, Xie F, Jin W, Shi J, Yang X, Fu W. A Novel Optical Fiber Terahertz Biosensor Based on Anti-Resonance for The Rapid and Nondestructive Detection of Tumor Cells. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:947. [PMID: 37887140 PMCID: PMC10605037 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive and accurate detection of tumor cells is essential for successful cancer therapy and improving cancer survival rates. However, current tumor cell detection technologies have some limitations for clinical applications due to their complexity, low specificity, and high cost. Herein, we describe the design of a terahertz anti-resonance hollow core fiber (THz AR-HCF) biosensor that can be used for tumor cell detection. Through simulation and experimental comparisons, the low-loss property of the THz AR-HCF was verified, and the most suitable fiber out of multiple THz AR-HCFs was selected for biosensing applications. By measuring different cell numbers and different types of tumor cells, a good linear relationship between THz transmittance and the numbers of cells between 10 and 106 was found. Meanwhile, different types of tumor cells can be distinguished by comparing THz transmission spectra, indicating that the biosensor has high sensitivity and specificity for tumor cell detection. The biosensor only required a small amount of sample (as low as 100 μL), and it enables label-free and nondestructive quantitative detection. Our flow cytometry results showed that the cell viability was as high as 98.5 ± 0.26% after the whole assay process, and there was no statistically significant difference compared with the negative control. This study demonstrates that the proposed THz AR-HCF biosensor has great potential for the highly sensitive, label-free, and nondestructive detection of circulating tumor cells in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; (Z.H.); (G.H.); (M.L.d.l.C.); (H.T.); (F.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Yueping Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Guorong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; (Z.H.); (G.H.); (M.L.d.l.C.); (H.T.); (F.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; (Z.H.); (G.H.); (M.L.d.l.C.); (H.T.); (F.X.); (W.J.)
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM-UMR CNRS 6283), Université du Mans, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Huiyan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; (Z.H.); (G.H.); (M.L.d.l.C.); (H.T.); (F.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Fengxin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; (Z.H.); (G.H.); (M.L.d.l.C.); (H.T.); (F.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; (Z.H.); (G.H.); (M.L.d.l.C.); (H.T.); (F.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Jia Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; (Z.H.); (G.H.); (M.L.d.l.C.); (H.T.); (F.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; (Z.H.); (G.H.); (M.L.d.l.C.); (H.T.); (F.X.); (W.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tuniz A, Kuhlmey BT. Subwavelength terahertz imaging via virtual superlensing in the radiating near field. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6393. [PMID: 37852953 PMCID: PMC10584837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging with resolutions much below the wavelength λ - now common in the visible spectrum - remains challenging at lower frequencies, where exponentially decaying evanescent waves are generally measured using a tip or antenna close to an object. Such approaches are often problematic because probes can perturb the near-field itself. Here we show that information encoded in evanescent waves can be probed further than previously thought, by reconstructing truthful images of the near-field through selective amplification of evanescent waves, akin to a virtual superlens that images the near field without perturbing it. We quantify trade-offs between noise and measurement distance, experimentally demonstrating reconstruction of complex images with subwavelength features down to a resolution of λ/7 and amplitude signal-to-noise ratios < 25dB between 0.18-1.5 THz. Our procedure can be implemented with any near-field probe, greatly relaxes experimental requirements for subwavelength imaging at sub-optical frequencies and opens the door to non-invasive near-field scanning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tuniz
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Boris T Kuhlmey
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya I, Mitra RK. Solvation Plays a Key Role in Antioxidant-Mediated Attenuation of Elevated Creatinine Level: An In Vitro Spectroscopic Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8576-8585. [PMID: 37769128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
An elevated level of creatinine (CRN) is a mark of kidney ailment, and prolonged retention of such condition could lead to renal failure, associated with severe ischemia. Antioxidants are clinically known to excrete CRN from the body through urine, thereby reducing its level in blood. The molecular mechanism of such an exclusion process is still illusive. As the excretion channel is urine, solvation of the solute is expected to play a pivotal role. Here, we report a detailed time-domain and frequency-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopic investigation to understand the solvation of CRN in the presence of two model antioxidants, mostly used to treat elevated CRN level: N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid (ASC). FTIR spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region and UV absorption spectroscopy measurements coupled with quantum chemical calculations [at the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) level] reveal that both NAC and ASC form HBonded complexes with CRN and rapidly undergo a barrier-less proton transfer process to form creatinium ions. THz measurements provide explicit evidence of the formation of highly solvated complexes compared with bare CRN, which eventually enables its excretion through urine. These observations could provide a foundation for designing more beneficial drugs to resolve kidney diseases..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences; Block-JD; Sector-III; Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Indrani Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences; Block-JD; Sector-III; Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences; Block-JD; Sector-III; Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cui Y, Xu Y, Han D, Wang X, Shen Z, Hou Y, Liang J, Wang X, Citrin DS, Zhang L, Nandi AK, Yan R, Chen X. Hidden-information extraction from layered structures through terahertz imaging down to ultralow SNR. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8435. [PMID: 37792928 PMCID: PMC10550239 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive inspection of layered structures has remained a long-standing challenge for time-resolved imaging techniques, where both resolution and contrast are compromised by prominent signal attenuation, interlayer reflections, and dispersion. Our method based on terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy overcomes these limitations by offering fine resolution and a broadband spectrum to efficiently extract hidden structural and content information from layered structures. We exploit local symmetrical characteristics of reflected THz pulses to determine the location of each layer, and apply a statistical process in the spatiotemporal domain to enhance the image contrast. Its superior performance is evidenced by the extraction of alphabetic characters in 26-layer subwavelength papers as well as layer reconstruction and debonding inspection in the conservation of Terra-Cotta Warriors. Our method enables accurate structure reconstruction and high-contrast imaging of layered structures at ultralow signal-to-noise ratio, which holds great potential for internal inspection of cultural artifacts, electronic components, coatings, and composites with dozens of submillimeter layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghai Han
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonglei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyan Liang
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- School of ECAM, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David S. Citrin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Georgia Tech-CNRS IRL2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Asoke K. Nandi
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Ruqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li D, Xu C, Xie J, Lee C. Research Progress in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: From Performance Optimization, Sensing Applications, to System Integration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2377. [PMID: 37630962 PMCID: PMC10458771 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective tool for the detection and identification of molecules. However, its application is limited by the low infrared absorption cross-section of the molecule, resulting in low sensitivity and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a breakthrough technique that exploits the field-enhancing properties of periodic nanostructures to amplify the vibrational signals of trace molecules. The fascinating properties of SEIRA technology have aroused great interest, driving diverse sensing applications. In this review, we first discuss three ways for SEIRA performance optimization, including material selection, sensitivity enhancement, and bandwidth improvement. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of SEIRA technology in fields such as biomedicine and environmental monitoring. In recent years, we have ushered in a new era characterized by the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and wearable devices. These new demands spurred the pursuit of miniaturized and consolidated infrared spectroscopy systems and chips. In addition, the rise of machine learning has injected new vitality into SEIRA, bringing smart device design and data analysis to the foreground. The final section of this review explores the anticipated trajectory that SEIRA technology might take, highlighting future trends and possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lan F, Wang L, Zeng H, Liang S, Song T, Liu W, Mazumder P, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Mittleman DM. Real-time programmable metasurface for terahertz multifunctional wave front engineering. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:191. [PMID: 37550383 PMCID: PMC10406829 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) technologies have become a focus of research in recent years due to their prominent role in envisioned future communication and sensing systems. One of the key challenges facing the field is the need for tools to enable agile engineering of THz wave fronts. Here, we describe a reconfigurable metasurface based on GaN technology with an array-of-subarrays architecture. This subwavelength-spaced array, under the control of a 1-bit digital coding sequence, can switch between an enormous range of possible configurations, providing facile access to nearly arbitrary wave front control for signals near 0.34 THz. We demonstrate wide-angle beam scanning with 1° of angular precision over 70 GHz of bandwidth, as well as the generation of multi-beam and diffuse wave fronts, with a switching speed up to 100 MHz. This device, offering the ability to rapidly reconfigure a propagating wave front for beam-forming or diffusively scattered wide-angle coverage of a scene, will open new realms of possibilities in sensing, imaging, and networking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lan
- Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313000, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hongxin Zeng
- Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Shixiong Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Solid-State Microwave Devices and Circuits, Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Tianyang Song
- Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Pinaki Mazumder
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ziqiang Yang
- Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313000, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313000, China.
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang J, Feng X, Jin J, Fang H. Concise Cascade Methods for Transgenic Rice Seed Discrimination using Spectral Phenotyping. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0071. [PMID: 37519936 PMCID: PMC10380542 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the presence of genetically modified (GM) organisms in agro-food markets is strictly regulated by enacted legislation worldwide. It is essential to ensure the traceability of these transgenic products for food safety, consumer choice, environmental monitoring, market integrity, and scientific research. However, detecting the existence of GM organisms involves a combination of complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive techniques requiring high-level professional skills. In this paper, a concise and rapid pipeline method to identify transgenic rice seeds was proposed on the basis of spectral imaging technologies and the deep learning approach. The composition of metabolome across 3 rice seed lines containing the cry1Ab/cry1Ac gene was compared and studied, substantiating the intrinsic variability induced by these GM traits. Results showed that near-infrared and terahertz spectra from different genotypes could reveal the regularity of GM metabolic variation. The established cascade deep learning model divided GM discrimination into 2 phases including variety classification and GM status identification. It could be found that terahertz absorption spectra contained more valuable features and achieved the highest accuracy of 97.04% for variety classification and 99.71% for GM status identification. Moreover, a modified guided backpropagation algorithm was proposed to select the task-specific characteristic wavelengths for further reducing the redundancy of the original spectra. The experimental validation of the cascade discriminant method in conjunction with spectroscopy confirmed its viability, simplicity, and effectiveness as a valuable tool for the detection of GM rice seeds. This approach also demonstrated its great potential in distilling crucial features for expedited transgenic risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinnuo Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xuping Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Huzhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shi S, Yuan S, Zhou J, Jiang P. Terahertz technology and its applications in head and neck diseases. iScience 2023; 26:107060. [PMID: 37534152 PMCID: PMC10391736 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The terahertz (THz) radiation refers to electromagnetic waves between infrared and millimeter waves. THz technology has shown a significant potential for medical diagnosis and biomedical applications over the past three decades. Therefore, exploring the biological effects of THz waves has become an important new field in life sciences. Specifically, THz radiation has been proved to be able to diagnose and treat several head and neck diseases. In this review, we primarily discuss the biological characteristics of THz waves and clinical applications of THz technology, focusing on the research progress of THz technology in head and neck diseases (brain cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, oral diseases, thyroid nodules, Alzheimer's disease, eyes diseases, and otitis). The future application perspectives of THz technologies in head and neck diseases are also highlighted and proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenggan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang S, Deng H, Wei X, Zhang J. Progress in application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for pharmaceutical analyses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1219042. [PMID: 37533693 PMCID: PMC10393043 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1219042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is an analytical method using terahertz time-domain pulses to study the physical and chemical properties of substances. It has strong potential for application in pharmaceutical analyses as an original non-destructive, efficient and convenient technology for spectral detection. This review briefly introduces the working principle of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology, focuses on the research achievements of this technology in analyses of chemical drugs, traditional Chinese medicine and biological drugs in the past decade. We also reveal the scientific feasibility of practical application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for pharmaceutical detection. Finally, we discuss the problems in practical application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology, and the prospect of further development of this technology in pharmaceutical analyses. We hope that this review can provide a reference for application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology in pharmaceutical analyses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuteng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hanxiu Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Buldt J, Heuermann T, Wang Z, Gierschke P, Lenski M, Jauregui C, Limpert J. High-power two-color plasma-based THz generation driven by a Tm-doped fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3403-3406. [PMID: 37390141 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the efficient generation of broadband THz radiation based on a two-color gas-plasma scheme. Broadband THz pulses covering the whole THz spectral region, from 0.1-35 THz, are generated. This is enabled by a high-power, ultra-fast, thulium-doped, fiber chirped pulse amplification (Tm:FCPA) system and a subsequent nonlinear pulse compression stage that uses a gas-filled capillary. The driving source delivers 40 fs pulses at a central wavelength of 1.9 μm with 1.2 mJ pulse energy and 101 kHz repetition rate. Owing to the long driving wavelength and the use of a gas-jet in the THz generation focus, the highest reported conversion efficiency for high-power THz sources (>20 mW) of 0.32% has been achieved. The high efficiency and average power of 380 mW of the broadband THz radiation make this an ideal source for nonlinear, tabletop THz science.
Collapse
|
44
|
Li C, Zhang Y, Hirakawa K. Terahertz Detectors Using Microelectromechanical System Resonators. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5938. [PMID: 37447789 DOI: 10.3390/s23135938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The doubly clamped microelectromechanical system (MEMS) beam resonators exhibit extremely high sensitivity to tiny changes in the resonance frequency owing to their high quality (Q-) factors, even at room temperature. Such a sensitive frequency-shift scheme is very attractive for fast and highly sensitive terahertz (THz) detection. The MEMS resonator absorbs THz radiation and induces a temperature rise, leading to a shift in its resonance frequency. This frequency shift is proportional to the amount of THz radiation absorbed by the resonator and can be detected and quantified, thereby allowing the THz radiation to be measured. In this review, we present an overview of the THz bolometer based on the doubly clamped MEMS beam resonators in the aspects of working principle, readout, detection speed, sensitivity, and attempts at improving the performance. This allows one to have a comprehensive view of such a novel THz detector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirakawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku 153-8505, Japan
- Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku 153-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang Q, Chen Y, Mao J, Yang F, Wang N. Metasurface-Assisted Terahertz Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5902. [PMID: 37447747 DOI: 10.3390/s23135902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves, which fall between microwaves and infrared bands, possess intriguing electromagnetic properties of non-ionizing radiation, low photon energy, being highly sensitive to weak resonances, and non-polar material penetrability. Therefore, THz waves are extremely suitable for sensing and detecting chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological molecules. However, the relatively long wavelength of THz waves (30~3000 μm) compared to the size of analytes (1~100 nm for biomolecules, <10 μm for microorganisms) constrains the development of THz-based sensors. To circumvent this problem, metasurface technology, by engineering subwavelength periodic resonators, has gained a great deal of attention to enhance the resonance response of THz waves. Those metasurface-based THz sensors exhibit high sensitivity for label-free sensing, making them appealing for a variety of applications in security, medical applications, and detection. The performance of metasurface-based THz sensors is controlled by geometric structure and material parameters. The operating mechanism is divided into two main categories, passive and active. To have a profound understanding of these metasurface-assisted THz sensing technologies, we review and categorize those THz sensors, based on their operating mechanisms, including resonators for frequency shift sensing, nanogaps for enhanced field confinement, chirality for handedness detection, and active elements (such as graphene and MEMS) for advanced tunable sensing. This comprehensive review can serve as a guideline for future metasurfaces design to assist THz sensing and detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yuzi Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jinxian Mao
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nakagawa M, Kanda N, Otsu T, Ito I, Kobayashi Y, Matsunaga R. Jitter correction for asynchronous optical sampling terahertz spectroscopy using free-running pulsed lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19371-19381. [PMID: 37381353 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a jitter correction method for asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy using two free-running oscillators. This method simultaneously records the THz waveform and a harmonic of the laser repetition rate difference, Δ f r, to monitor the jitter information for software jitter correction. By suppressing the residual jitter below 0.1 ps, the accumulation of the THz waveform is achieved without losing the measurement bandwidth. Our measurement of water vapor successfully resolves the absorption linewidths below 1 GHz, demonstrating a robust ASOPS with a flexible, simple, and compact setup without any feedback control or additional continuous-wave THz source.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang M, Guo G, Xu Y, Yao Z, Zhang S, Yan Y, Tian Z. Exploring the Application of Multi-Resonant Bands Terahertz Metamaterials in the Field of Carbohydrate Films Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:606. [PMID: 37366971 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating the properties and states of biological matter. Here, a systematic investigation of the interaction of THz wave with "bright mode" resonators and "dark mode" resonators has been conducted, and a simple general principle of obtaining multiple resonant bands has been developed. By manipulating the number and positions of bright mode and dark mode resonant elements in metamaterials, we realized multi-resonant bands terahertz metamaterial structures with three electromagnetic-induced transparency in four-frequency bands. Different carbohydrates in the state of dried films were selected for detection, and the results showed that the multi-resonant bands metamaterial have high response sensitivity at the resonance frequency similar to the characteristic frequency of the biomolecule. Furthermore, by increasing the biomolecule mass in a specific frequency band, the frequency shift in glucose was found to be larger than that of maltose. The frequency shift in glucose in the fourth frequency band is larger than that of the second band, whereas maltose exhibits an opposing trend, thus enabling recognition of maltose and glucose. Our findings provide new insights into the design of functional multi-resonant bands metamaterials, as well as new strategies for developing multi-band metamaterial biosensing devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanxuan Guo
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhibo Yao
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shoujun Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuyue Yan
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Tianjin University, Shenzhen 518067, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Minerbi E, Sideris S, Ellenbogen T. Enhancing THz emission from nonlinear metasurfaces by a Bragg perfect absorber. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2853-2856. [PMID: 37262227 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces were demonstrated recently as ultracompact tetrahertz (THz) sources, emitting relatively strong single-cycle THz pulses after femtosecond laser illumination. There has been great progress in their ability to generate controlled THz wavepackets; however, their overall emission strength has not yet been optimized. Here we numerically show that by designing a Bragg assisted perfect absorber we can improve the coupling of the pumping laser to the nonlinear metasurface. This results in over an order of magnitude enhancement of the THz signal. Moreover, we show that this method can be combined with other independent optimization schemes to further enhance the radiated THz, reaching over two orders of magnitude emission enhancement compared with previously studied plasmonic metasurfaces.
Collapse
|
49
|
Patwary MIH, Iguchi A, Tsuji Y. Efficient optimal design of mosaic-like PPDW devices for THz application using the adjoint variable method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16593-16606. [PMID: 37157735 DOI: 10.1364/oe.490232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the development of THz-wave circuits, parallel plate dielectric waveguide (PPDW) is a promising platform and recently some fundamental devices have been reported. In order to realize high performance PPDW devices, optimal design methods are crucial and as out-of-plane radiation does not occur in PPDW, mosaic-like optimal design appears to be appropriate for PPDW platform. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient mosaic-like design approach based on gradient method with adjoint variable method (AVM) to realize high performance PPDW devices for THz circuit applications. The design variables in the design of PPDW devices are efficiently optimized by utilizing the gradient method. The mosaic structure in the design region is expressed by using density method with an appropriate initial solution. In the optimization process, AVM is employed for an efficient sensitivity analysis. The usefulness of our mosaic-like design approach is confirmed by designing several PPDW devices, T-branch, three branch, mode splitting device, and THz bandpass filter. The proposed mosaic-like PPDW devices except bandpass filter achieved high transmission efficiencies at single frequency operation as well as at broadband operation. Furthermore, the designed THz bandpass filter achieved the desired flat top transmission property at the targeted frequency band.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ma S, Li Z, Gong S, Lu C, Li X, Li Y. High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Stimulates Neuronal Growth and Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040686. [PMID: 37190651 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Terahertz waves lie within the rotation and oscillation energy levels of biomolecules, and can directly couple with biomolecules to excite nonlinear resonance effects, thus causing conformational or configuration changes in biomolecules. Based on this mechanism, we investigated the effect pattern of 0.138 THz radiation on the dynamic growth of neurons and synaptic transmission efficiency, while explaining the phenomenon at a more microscopic level. We found that cumulative 0.138 THz radiation not only did not cause neuronal death, but that it promoted the dynamic growth of neuronal cytosol and protrusions. Additionally, there was a cumulative effect of terahertz radiation on the promotion of neuronal growth. Furthermore, in electrophysiological terms, 0.138 THz waves improved synaptic transmission efficiency in the hippocampal CA1 region, and this was a slow and continuous process. This is consistent with the morphological results. This phenomenon can continue for more than 10 min after terahertz radiation ends, and these phenomena were associated with an increase in dendritic spine density. In summary, our study shows that 0.138 THz waves can modulate dynamic neuronal growth and synaptic transmission. Therefore, 0.138 terahertz waves may become a novel neuromodulation technique for modulating neuron structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Ma
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Shixiang Gong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Noninvasive Neuromodulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| |
Collapse
|