1
|
Wu R, Clark L. Impulse and reason? Justifications in problem gambling. Addict Behav 2024; 157:108072. [PMID: 38851143 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
People often use justifications to make desirable choices, but little is known about these justificatory thoughts in gambling. We conducted an exploratory Study 1 (n = 101) and a confirmatory Study 2 (n = 154) using online surveys, recruiting gamblers with prior and current experience of trying to reduce their gambling. Using justifications recognized in the domains of eating and consumer behavior (e.g., prior use of effort, feelings of achievement), we examined whether justifications were associated with problem gambling severity, and whether they explained additional variance above trait impulsivity and cognitive distortions. In both studies, justifications were positively associated with problem gambling severity, after accounting for trait impulsivity and cognitive distortions. Additionally, justifications were positively correlated with trait urgency and cognitive distortions, indicating that such thinking may not be antithetical to impulsivity. These data provide proof-of-principle evidence that justificatory thinking occurs in the context of gambling, is related to problem gambling severity, and may therefore represent a neglected aspect of gambling-related cognitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wu
- Centre for Gambling Research, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kräplin A, Joshanloo M, Wolff M, Fröhner JH, Baeuchl C, Krönke KM, Bühringer G, Smolka MN, Goschke T. No evidence for a reciprocal relationship between daily self-control failures and addictive behavior in a longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1382483. [PMID: 38751764 PMCID: PMC11095395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We all experience occasional self-control failures (SCFs) in our daily lives, where we enact behaviors that stand in conflict with our superordinate or long-term goals. Based on the assumption that SCFs share common underlying mechanisms with addictive disorders, we tested the hypothesis that a generally higher susceptibility to daily SCFs predicts more addictive behavior, or vice versa. Methods At baseline, 338 individuals (19-27 years, 59% female) from a community sample participated in multi-component assessments. These included among others (1) a clinical interview on addictive behaviors (quantity of use, frequency of use, DSM-5 criteria; n = 338) and (2) ecological momentary assessment of SCFs (n = 329, 97%). At the 3-year and 6 year follow-up, participation rates for both assessment parts were 71% (n = 240) and 50% (n = 170), respectively. Results Controlling for age, gender, IQ, and baseline addiction level, random-intercept cross-lagged panel models revealed that participants who reported more SCFs also showed pronounced addictive behavior at the between-person level, but we found no evidence of a predictive relationship at the within-person level over time. Discussion A higher rate of SCFs is associated with more addictive behavior, while there is no evidence of an intraindividual predictive relationship. Novel hypotheses suggested by additional exploratory results are that (1) only addiction-related SCFs in daily life are early markers of an escalation of use and thus for addictive disorders and that (2) an explicit monitoring of SCFs increases self-reflection and thereby promotes the mobilization of cognitive control in response to goal-desire conflicts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kräplin
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Max Wolff
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Mind Foundation, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Hilde Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Baeuchl
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Bühringer
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou H, Gong L, Su C, Teng B, Xi W, Li X, Geng F, Hu Y. White matter integrity of right frontostriatal circuit predicts internet addiction severity among internet gamers. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13399. [PMID: 38711213 PMCID: PMC11074389 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Excessive use of the internet, which is a typical scenario of self-control failure, could lead to potential consequences such as anxiety, depression, and diminished academic performance. However, the underlying neuropsychological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the structural basis of self-control and internet addiction. In a cohort of 96 internet gamers, we examined the relationships among grey matter volume and white matter integrity within the frontostriatal circuits and internet addiction severity, as well as self-control measures. The results showed a significant and negative correlation between dACC grey matter volume and internet addiction severity (p < 0.001), but not with self-control. Subsequent tractography from the dACC to the bilateral ventral striatum (VS) was conducted. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity of dACC-right VS pathway was negatively (p = 0.011) and positively (p = 0.020) correlated with internet addiction severity, respectively, and the FA was also positively correlated with self-control (p = 0.036). These associations were not observed for the dACC-left VS pathway. Further mediation analysis demonstrated a significant complete mediation effect of self-control on the relationship between FA of the dACC-right VS pathway and internet addiction severity. Our findings suggest that the dACC-right VS pathway is a critical neural substrate for both internet addiction and self-control. Deficits in this pathway may lead to impaired self-regulation over internet usage, exacerbating the severity of internet addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- The State Key Lab of Brain‐Machine IntelligenceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liangyu Gong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Conghui Su
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Binyu Teng
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wan Xi
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiumei Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning SciencesZhejiang University, Zijingang CampusHangzhouChina
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- The State Key Lab of Brain‐Machine IntelligenceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Brain Science & Brain‐Machine IntegrationZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Yang WFZ, Wu Q, Ma Y, Zhou J, Ren H, Hao Y, Li M, Wang Y, Peng P, Yuan N, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Liu T. Altered spontaneous neurological activity in methamphetamine use disorders and its association with cognitive function. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 94:103936. [PMID: 38359519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely used and detrimental drug, yet the precise mechanisms by which MA affects cognitive function remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and brain functional imaging in individuals with MA use disorder (MUD). METHODS This study involved 45 patients diagnosed with MUD and 43 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive function assessment utilized the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and functional data were acquired using a 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. RESULTS The MUD group exhibited lower regional homogeneity (ReHo) values in the bilateral postcentral, the left superior temporal, and the left lingual regions compared to the HC group. Additionally, the MUD group displayed higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values in the bilateral fusiform and the left putamen compared to the HC group, along with lower ALFF values in the bilateral postcentral cortices and the left middle cingulate cortex compared to the HC group (all p < 0.05, with false discovery rate corrected). Linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the ReHo value in the right postcentral cortex and the neuropsychology assessment battery-mazes test (p = 0.014). Furthermore, the ALFF value in the left putamen showed negative correlations with the scores of the digit-symbol coding test (p = 0.027), continuous performance test (p = 0.037), and battery-mazes test (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Patients with MUD exhibit altered brain spontaneous neurological activities, and the intensity of spontaneous neurological activity in the left putamen is strongly associated with cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China; Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Winson Fu Zun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Manyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chmiel J, Malinowska A, Rybakowski F, Leszek J. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness in the Treatment of Methamphetamine Addiction Symptoms: Does Neuroplasticity Play a Role? Brain Sci 2024; 14:320. [PMID: 38671972 PMCID: PMC11047954 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine is a highly stimulating psychoactive drug that causes life-threatening addictions and affects millions of people around the world. Its effects on the brain are complex and include disturbances in the neurotransmitter systems and neurotoxicity. There are several known treatment methods, but their effectiveness is moderate. It must be emphasised that no drugs have been approved for treatment. For this reason, there is an urgent need to develop new, effective, and safe treatments for methamphetamine. One of the potential treatments is mindfulness meditation. In recent years, this technique has been researched extensively in the context of many neurological and psychiatric disorders. METHODS This review explores the use of mindfulness in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Ten studies were identified that used mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. The results show that mindfulness is an effective form of reducing hunger, risk of relapses, stress indicators, depression, and aggression, alone or in combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Mindfulness also improved the cognitive function in addicts. The included studies used only behavioural measures. The potential mechanisms of mindfulness in addiction were explained, and it was proposed that it can induce neuroplasticity, alleviating the symptoms of addiction. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from the studies suggest that mindfulness may be an effective treatment option for methamphetamine addiction, used alone or in combination with tDCS. However, further high-quality research is required to establish the role of this treatment option in this field. The use of neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures is fundamental to understand the mechanisms of mindfulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Chmiel
- Institute of Neurofeedback and tDCS Poland, 70-393 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 54-235 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang F, Yang L, Yang W, Li C, Zhang J, Liu J. The genetic susceptibility analysis of TAAR1 rs8192620 to methamphetamine and heroin abuse and its role in impulsivity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:453-459. [PMID: 37145176 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal genetic polymorphism of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) rs8192620 site has been confirmed to induce methamphetamine (MA) use and drug craving. However, the genetic susceptibility difference between MA addicts and heroin addicts is unknown. This study evaluated genetic heterogeneity of TAAR1 rs8192620 between MA and heroin addicts and elucidated whether rs8192620 genotypes associated with discrepancy in emotional impulsivity, which would help to instruct individualized treatment in addiction via acting on TAAR1 and evaluate risk of varied drug addiction. Participants consisting of gender-matched 63 MA and 71 heroin abusers were enrolled in the study. Due to mixed drug usage in some MA addicts, MA users were further subdivided into 41 only-MA (only MA taking) and 22 mixed-drug (Magu composed of about 20% MA and 70% caffeine) abusers. Via inter-individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and two-sample t tests, respectively, the genotypic and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) scores differences between groups were completed. With following genotypic stratification, the differences in BIS-11 scores between groups were analyzed through two-sample t test. Individual SNP analysis showed significant differences in alleles distribution of rs8192620 between MA and heroin subjects (p = 0.019), even after Bonferroni correction. The TT homozygotes of rs8192620 dominated in MA participants, while C-containing genotypes in heroin (p = 0.026). There was no association of genotypes of TAAR1 rs8192620 with addicts' impulsivity. Our research indicates that the TAAR1 gene polymorphism might mediate the susceptibility discrepancy between MA and heroin abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longtao Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Academy, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Department of Radiology Quality Control Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schrock JM. Accelerated aging in people living with HIV: The neuroimmune feedback model. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100737. [PMID: 38356933 PMCID: PMC10864877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience earlier onset of aging-related comorbidities compared to their counterparts without HIV. This paper lays out a theoretical model to explain why PLWH experience accelerated aging. Briefly, the model is structured as follows. PLWH experience disproportionately heavy burdens of psychosocial stress across the life course. This psychosocial stress increases risks for depressive symptoms and problematic substance use. Depressive symptoms and problematic substance use interfere with long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lower ART adherence, in turn, exacerbates the elevated systemic inflammation stemming from HIV infection. This inflammation increases risks for aging-related comorbidities. Systemic inflammation also reduces connectivity in the brain's central executive network (CEN), a large-scale brain network that is critical for coping with stressful circumstances. This reduced capacity for coping with stress leads to further increases in depressive symptoms and problematic substance use. Together, these changes form a neuroimmune feedback loop that amplifies the impact of psychosocial stress on aging-related comorbidities. In this paper, I review the existing evidence relevant to this model and highlight directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Schrock
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, United states
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arnaud N, Wartberg L, Simon-Kutscher K, Thomasius R. Prevalence of substance use disorders and associations with mindfulness, impulsive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in a representative sample of adolescents in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:451-465. [PMID: 36853515 PMCID: PMC9972301 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical phase for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). For Europe and Germany, there are limited data on problematic substance use from representative youth samples. Trait mindfulness is relevant in buffering against substance use-related problems and associated deficits in self-regulatory control. The objective of this study is to estimate 12-month prevalence rates for SUDs in a representative sample of adolescents in Germany and to examine associations with mindfulness and related factors such as stress, impulsivity, sensation seeking and symptoms of psychopathology. A sample of 4001 adolescents aged 12-18 years from Germany was surveyed based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for SUDs. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with mindfulness-related variables. Criteria of at least one of the assessed SUDs were endorsed by 11.2% of the adolescents. Alcohol use disorders had the highest prevalence rate (10.1%) followed by cannabis use disorders (2.6%). For both substances, the criteria for abuse were met about twice as often as those for dependence. The prevalence of cigarette dependence was 1.7%, while the prevalence for e-cigarette dependence was only 0.1%. Prevalence rates were higher for male youth and increasing with age. SUD prevalence was also related to mindfulness, impulsivity and sensation seeking and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology. The statistically significant associations varied across different SUDs. SUDs appear highly prevalent among German adolescents. The results have public health implications with regard to treatment needs and prevention measures in the youth population in Germany.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arnaud
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Simon-Kutscher
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohammad Aghaei A, Saali A, Canas MA, Weleff J, D'Souza DC, Angarita GA, Bassir Nia A. Dysregulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system following opioid exposure. Psychiatry Res 2023; 330:115586. [PMID: 37931479 PMCID: PMC10842415 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Rates of opioid-related deaths and overdoses in the United States are at record-high levels. Thus, novel neurobiological targets for the treatment of OUD are greatly needed. Given the close interaction between the endogenous opioid system and the endocannabinoid system (ECS), targeting the ECS may have therapeutic potential in OUD. The various components of the ECS, including cannabinoid receptors, their lipid-derived endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids [eCBs]), and the related enzymes, present potential targets for developing new medications in OUD treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical and preclinical literature on the dysregulation of the ECS after exposure to opioids. We review the evidence of ECS dysregulation across various study types, exposure protocols, and measurement protocols and summarize the evidence for dysregulation of ECS components at specific brain regions. Preclinical research has shown that opioids disrupt various ECS components that are region-specific. However, the results in the literature are highly heterogenous and sometimes contradictory, possibly due to variety of different methods used. Further research is needed before a confident conclusion could be made on how exposure to opioids can affect ECS components in various brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Mohammad Aghaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Alexandra Saali
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | | | - Jeremy Weleff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Anahita Bassir Nia
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Augner C, Vlasak T, Barth A. The relationship between problematic internet use and attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:1-12. [PMID: 37866293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic internet use (PIU) and ADHD-related symptoms of attention deficit, impulsivity and hyperactivity. METHODS We chose a meta-analytical approach and searched for relevant studies in different databases (Pubmed, PsycInfo, Google scholar). We identified 24 studies with 18 859 participants (mean age = 18.40 (SD = 5.51)) published between 2004 and 2021 which were applicable for our research. We calculated 21, 7, and 9 effect sizes for attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity, respectively. RESULTS We found significant associations between PIU and attention deficit (r = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = [0.28 to 0.43]), hyperactivity (r = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = [0.33 to 0.53]), and impulsivity (r = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = [0.30 to 0.51]), p < .001 for all three. The effect sizes of attention deficit and hyperactivity were significantly higher in male compared to female participants. Additionally, higher attention deficit effects were found in adults compared to children/adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicates that ADHD-related symptoms are associated with PIU. Although cross-sectional analyses cannot explain cause-and-effect relationships, we hypothesize that attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity constitute a vulnerability towards PIU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Augner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute for Human Resources Research in Health Care, University Clinics of Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Thomas Vlasak
- Institute for Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, Austria
| | - Alfred Barth
- Institute for Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pan W, Ma Y, Long Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Self-control mediates the relationship between time perspective and mobile phone addiction in Chinese college students. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16467. [PMID: 38025696 PMCID: PMC10666608 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phone addiction (MPA) is a prevalent problem among college students, and Chinese college students are a high-risk group for smartphone addiction. MPA has a negative impact on the physical and mental health and academic performance of college students. Studies have explored the influence of many factors on MPA, such as the characteristics of the smartphone itself, the characteristics of the smartphone user, and the environment. However, to date, no studies have explored the protective and risk factors for MPA from the perspective of personality traits. From this perspective, this study explored the influence of time perspective and trait self-control on MPA to identify effective measures to prevent and intervene in MPA in college students. Methods The participants in this cross-sectional study were 526 Chinese college students. They completed the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Self-Control Scale and the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale using an online questionnaire tool. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships among time perspective, self-control and MPA. A latent variable mediation analysis of the structural equation model was used to examine the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between time perspective and MPA. Results Various dimensions of time perspective were strongly associated with MPA. Among these dimensions, past negative (r = 0.397, p < 0.001), present hedonistic (r = 0.207, p < 0.001), and present fatalistic perspectives (r = 0.444, p < 0.001) were positively associated with MPA, while a future time perspective (r = -0.200, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with MPA. Mediation effects analysis showed that past negative (β = 0.034, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.020-0.051]), present hedonistic (β = 0.038, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.02-0.06]), present fatalistic (β = 0.047, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.031-0.065]) and future orientation perspectives (β = -0.093, p < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.123-0.069]) indirectly influenced MPA through the mediating effect of self-control. Conclusion This study confirmed that a future time perspective and self-control are protective factors for MPA and that past negative, present hedonistic and present fatalistic perspectives are risk factors for MPA. College educators can prevent MPA in college students directly by cultivating their self-control ability, as well as indirectly by increasing their use of future time perspective and reducing past negative, present fatalistic and present hedonistic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Pan
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhi Ma
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihong Long
- School of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- College of National Culture and Cognitive Science, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Edelson MG, Hare TA. Goal-Dependent Hippocampal Representations Facilitate Self-Control. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7822-7830. [PMID: 37714706 PMCID: PMC10648530 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0951-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal activity linking past experiences and simulations of the future with current goals can play an important role in decision-making. The representation of information within the hippocampus may be especially critical in situations where one needs to overcome past rewarding experiences and exert self-control. Self-control success or failure may depend on how information is represented in the hippocampus and how effectively the representation process can be modified to achieve a specific goal. We test this hypothesis using representational similarity analyses of human (female/male) neuroimaging data during a dietary self-control task in which individuals must overcome taste temptations to choose healthy foods. We find that self-control is indeed associated with the way individuals represent taste information (valance) in the hippocampus and how taste representations there adapt to align with different goals/contexts. Importantly, individuals who were able to shift their hippocampal representations to a larger degree to align with the current motivation were better able to exert self-control when facing a dietary challenge. These results suggest an alternative or complementary neurobiological pathway leading to self-control success and indicate the need to update the classical view of self-control to continue to advance our understanding of its behavioral and neural underpinnings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The paper provides a new perspective on what leads to successful self-control at the behavioral and neurobiological levels. Our data suggest that self-control is enhanced when individuals adjust hippocampal processing to align with current goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Edelson
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Todd A Hare
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8006, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen X, Wang C, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Liu H. Stress and Internet Addiction: Mediated by Anxiety and Moderated by Self-Control. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1975-1986. [PMID: 37284553 PMCID: PMC10239643 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s411412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The link between stress and Internet addiction (IA) has been confirmed. However, the mechanism underlying the correlation is poorly understood. Thus, the current study proposed a moderated mediation model to test the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of self-control (SC) in the link between stress and IA. Methods Eight hundred and sixty-one Chinese college students (Mage = 20.62 years; SD = 1.58; male = 47.7%) were required to complete an online questionnaire package, including a depression-anxiety-stress scale, a self-control scale, and an Internet addiction test. The PROCESS macro developed based on SPSS was used to test the moderated mediation model. Results When controlling for gender and age, the results revealed that anxiety partially mediated the link between stress and IA. Specifically, the more stressed college students are, the higher their anxiety level is, and the more likely they are to become addicted to the Internet. Additionally, the direct and indirect links between stress and IA were all moderated by SC. SC buffered the effect of stress on anxiety and anxiety on IA but enhanced stress on IA. Conclusion These findings emphasized the predictor role of stress on IA and provided insights on intervening in college students' excessive Internet use behaviors for educators, such as reducing anxiety levels and improving self-control abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Shen
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyan Chen
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zinuo Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanpei Zheng
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Liu
- School of Health Management, XiHua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kendler KS, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. The moderation of the genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders in a Swedish national sample by the genetic aptitude for educational attainment. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3077-3084. [PMID: 37449484 PMCID: PMC10953683 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Does the genetic aptitude for educational attainment (GAEA) moderate the genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD)? METHODS In the native Swedish population, born 1960-1980 and followed through 2017 (n = 1 862 435), the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for AUD and DUD and GAEA were calculated from, respectively, the educational attainment and risk for AUD and DUD, of 1st through 5th degree relatives from Swedish national registers. Analyses utilized Aalen's linear hazards models. RESULTS Risk for AUD was robustly predicted by the main effects of FGRSAUD [b = 6.32 (95% CI 6.21-6.43), z = 64.9, p < 0.001) and GAEA [b = -2.90 (2.83-2.97), z = 44.1, p < 0.001] and their interaction [b = -1.93 (1.83-2.03), z = 32.9, p < 0.001]. Results were similar for the prediction of DUD by the main effects of FGRSDUD [b = 4.65 (CI 4.56-4.74), z = 59.4, p < 0.001] and GAEA [-2.08 (2.03-2.13), z = 46.4, p < 0.001] and their interaction [b = -1.58 (1.50-1.66)), z = 30.2, p < 0.001]. The magnitude of the interactions between GAEA and FGRSAUD and FGRSDUD in the prediction of, respectively, AUD and DUD was attenuated only slightly by the addition of educational attainment to the model. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The genetic propensity to high educational attainment robustly moderates the genetic risk for both AUD and DUD such that the impact of the genetic liability to AUD and DUD on the risk of illness is substantially attenuated in those with high v. low GAEA. This effect is not appreciably mediated by the actual level of educational attainment. These naturalistic findings could form the basis of prevention efforts in high-risk youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brandtner A, Verduyn P, Behrens S, Spada MM, Antons S. License to look? The role of permissive beliefs, desire thinking, and self-control in predicting the use of social networking sites. Addict Behav 2023; 139:107573. [PMID: 36608591 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Permissive beliefs are considered the most proximal predictor of actual behavior. Whereas they have frequently been researched in substance-use disorders, the field of social networking sites (SNS) use is missing the investigation as to how relevant permissive beliefs might be in this context, what might be causal precursors of permissive beliefs (i.e., desire thinking), and which processes might influence the effect that permissive beliefs have on actual behavior (i.e., self-control). To answer these questions, 116 people who use SNS participated in an online survey that contained an experimental manipulation of desire thinking and questionnaires measuring permissive beliefs, self-control, and severity of problematic SNS use. In a one-week follow-up, 85 participants reported their SNS usage times. Results showed that the association between permissive beliefs and tendencies to use SNS problematically was not significant. The experimental manipulation led to a decrease in permissive beliefs in the control condition, but did not increase permissive beliefs in the desire thinking condition. Permissive beliefs predicted SNS use in the follow-up assessment, which was not moderated by self-control. The results suggest that permissive beliefs seem to be unrelated to addictive tendencies of SNS use, but are nevertheless associated with daily use. Desire thinking does not appear to activate permissive beliefs in this study, possibly because the use of social networks is less often experienced as conflicting. Due to its ubiquitous availability, the use of social networks itself might quickly resolve the conflict between desires and possible regulatory attempts, making good reasons for use unnecessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Brandtner
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Philippe Verduyn
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofie Behrens
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Duisburg, Germany.
| | | | - Stephanie Antons
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Effects of the Inhalant Toluene on Cognitive Function and Behavioral Flexibility: A Review of Recent Findings. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 5:100059. [PMID: 36798693 PMCID: PMC9928149 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is characterized, in part, by lack of control over drug seeking and taking. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is highly involved in control of behavior and deficits in PFC structure and function have been demonstrated in clinical and preclinical studies of SUD. Of the various classes of drugs associated with the development of SUD, inhalants are among the least studied despite their widespread use among adolescents and children. In this work, we review what is currently known regarding the sites and mechanisms of action of inhalants with a focus on the volatile solvent toluene that is contained in a wide variety of legal and easily obtained products. We then describe how inhalants including toluene affect various behaviors with an emphasis on those associated with PFC function and how chronic use of inhalants alters brain structure and neuronal signaling. Findings from these studies highlight advances made in recent years that have expanded our understanding of the effects of inhalants on brain structure and reinforce the need for continued work in this field.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ely AV, Wetherill RR. Reward and inhibition in obesity and cigarette smoking: Neurobiological overlaps and clinical implications. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114049. [PMID: 36470508 PMCID: PMC10694810 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and obesity are the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality and increase the risk of all-cause mortality four-fold when comorbid. Individuals with these conditions demonstrate neurobiological and behavioral differences regarding how they respond to rewarding stimuli or engage in inhibitory control. This narrative review examines the role of reward and inhibition in cigarette smoking and obesity independently, as well as recent research demonstrating an effect of increased body mass index (BMI) on neurocognitive function in individuals who smoke. It is possible that chronic smoking and overeating of highly palatable food, contributing to obesity, dysregulates reward neurocircuitry, subsequently leading to hypofunction of brain networks associated with inhibitory control. These brain changes do not appear to be specific to food or nicotine and, as a result, can potentiate continued cross-use. Changes to reward and inhibitory function due to increased BMI may also make cessation more difficult for those comorbid for obesity and smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice V Ely
- Cooper University Health Care, Center for Healing, Division of Addiction Medicine, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li R, Kajanoja J, Tuulari JJ, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Karukivi M. Relationships between alexithymia and food addiction: The Finnish version of Yale Food Addiction Scale and preliminary test of its psychometric properties. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1067872. [PMID: 36743252 PMCID: PMC9893275 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1067872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has long been suggested that addictive behaviors are associated with alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties in emotional awareness and expression. However, little is known about the role of alexithymia in food addiction. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and food addiction. As part of the study, the validity of the Finnish version of Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS-F) was also investigated. Methods The sample consisted of 360 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. The structural validity of the YFAS-F was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to explore the structure when proposed models were not supported by CFA. The associations of alexithymia as measured by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and food addiction were examined using regression analyses followed by structural equation modeling. Results Higher alexithymia was associated with more food addiction by conducting linear regression analysis (B = 0.013, p = 0.011) and structural equation modeling (β = 0.24, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a single-factor model for the 8 criteria of the YFAS-F was supported by CFA and showed acceptable internal reliability (KR-20 = 0.72), and a three-factor solution for the 20 items of the scale was suggested by EFA with good internal reliability (McDonald's ω = 0.91 for the YFAS-F, 0.91 for component 1, 0.87 for component 2, and Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.89 for component 3). Conclusion The current study determined a significant relationship between alexithymia and food addiction, which suggests alexithymia as a relevant factor for food addiction and may provide clinical implications for interventions. Moreover, the YFAS-F appeared to be a valid and reliable tool to evaluate food addiction in our Finnish general population sample. Further studies on the psychometric properties of the YFAS-F in more diverse populations are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,*Correspondence: Ru Li, ✉
| | - Jani Kajanoja
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland
| | - Jetro J. Tuulari
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, TCSMT, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Z, Lin Y, Liu J, Zhang G, Hou X, Pan Z, Dai B. Relationship between behavioral inhibition/activation system and Internet addiction among Chinese college students: The mediating effects of intolerance of uncertainty and self-control and gender differences. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1047036. [PMID: 36644769 PMCID: PMC9832708 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Internet addiction is a global public health issue among college students that is associated with a range of negative outcomes. Especially the COVID-19 pandemic has forced them to shift most of their studies and life activities from offline to online, leading to a growing problem of Internet dependence and even Internet addiction. Although previous studies have indicated that the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System (BIS/BAS) have important effects on college students' Internet addiction, the mechanisms underlying these associations and gender differences are still unclear. Aims The present study investigated the mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and self-control in the association between BIS/BAS and Internet addiction following the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model. Gender differences in such associations between variables were also tested. Method A total of 747 Chinese college students were surveyed by using Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction, BIS/BAS Scales, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Results The results from the structural equation modeling analysis showed that BIS was positively related to Internet addiction and that BAS had a negative association with Internet addiction. Moreover, intolerance of uncertainty and self-control mediated the relationships between BIS/BAS and Internet addiction. Multi-group analysis further revealed that the associations between BAS and Internet addiction and between intolerance of uncertainty and Internet addiction were stronger among the male students than among female students. The relationship between self-control and Internet addiction was greater in the female sample than in the male sample. Conclusions These findings extend our understanding of how BIS/BAS influence Internet addiction among college students and suggest that not only should training approaches based on intolerance of uncertainty and self-control be fully considered, but different intervention programs should be focused on gender sensitivity to maximize the intervention effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowen Hou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zequan Pan
- School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Zequan Pan
| | - Bibing Dai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Bibing Dai
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Q, Wang X, Miao L, He L, Wang H. The Effect of Chronotype on Risk-Taking Behavior: The Chain Mediation Role of Self-Control and Emotional Stability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16068. [PMID: 36498142 PMCID: PMC9737074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies indicate that chronotype might be associated with risk-taking behavior, the specific mechanism has not been thoroughly discussed. This study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the mediating role of self-control and the chain mediating role of self-control and emotional stability between chronotype and risk-taking behavior. METHODS A total of 547 Chinese college students between 18 and 24 years old were selected to complete the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Self-Control Scale (SCS), Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire-neuroticism (EPQ-N), and Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire: Risk Behavior Scale (ARQ-RB) to assess chronotype, risk-taking behavior, self-control, and emotional stability, respectively. Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the relationships among these variables. RESULTS Our result showed significant positive correlations among chronotype, self-control, emotional stability, and significant negative correlations between self-control, emotional stability, and risk-taking behavior. We also found that chronotype had a significant predictive effect on risk-taking behavior in the chain mediation model. Specifically, chronotype affected risk-taking behavior through two pathways: the separate mediating role of self-control and the serial mediation pathway of self-control → emotional stability. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides direct evidence that chronotype is associated with risk-taking behavior. The results showed that the predictive function of chronotype was mediated by self-control and emotional stability. This study provides a new perspective on preventing and reducing risk-taking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Health Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xu’an Wang
- Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong 226014, China
| | - Lvqing Miao
- Department of Environmental and Health Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lichun He
- Department of Environmental and Health Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Huarong Wang
- Department of Environmental and Health Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hoffmann JP. Self-control, peers, and adolescent substance use: an international analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2148581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. Hoffmann
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kräplin A, Joshanloo M, Wolff M, Krönke KM, Goschke T, Bühringer G, Smolka MN. The relationship between executive functioning and addictive behavior: new insights from a longitudinal community study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3507-3524. [PMID: 36190537 PMCID: PMC9584881 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although there is evidence that impaired executive functioning plays a role in addictive behavior, the longitudinal relationship between the two remains relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES In a prospective-longitudinal community study, we tested the hypothesis that lower executive functioning is associated with more addictive behavior at one point in time and over time. METHODS Three hundred and thirty-eight individuals (19-27 years, 59% female) from a random community sample were recruited into three groups: addictive disorders related to substances (n = 100) or to behaviors (n = 118), or healthy controls (n = 120). At baseline, participants completed nine executive function tasks from which a latent variable of general executive functioning (GEF) was derived. Addictive behavior (i.e., quantity and frequency of use, and number of DSM-5 criteria met) were assessed using standardized clinical interviews at baseline and three annual follow-ups. The trajectories of addictive behaviors were examined using latent growth curve modeling. RESULTS At baseline, we found weak to no evidence of an associations between GEF and addictive behavior. We found evidence for an association between a lower GEF at baseline and a higher increase in the quantity of use and a smaller decrease in frequency of use over time, but no evidence for an association with an increase in the number of DSM-5 criteria met. CONCLUSIONS Lower EFs appear to lead to a continuing loss of control over use, whereas addictive disorders may develop secondarily after a long period of risky use. Previous etiological models assuming lower EF as a direct vulnerability factor for addictive disorders need to be refined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kräplin
- Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, D-01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Max Wolff
- Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- MIND Foundation, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Krönke
- Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bühringer
- Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Petit B, Dornier A, Meille V, Demina A, Trojak B. Non-invasive brain stimulation for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2022; 117:2768-2779. [PMID: 35470522 DOI: 10.1111/add.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods have showed promising results for the treatment of tobacco use disorder, but little is known about the efficacy of NIBS on sustained tobacco abstinence. We aimed to assess its effectiveness for long-term smoking cessation. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, PsycINFO and clinical trials registries were systematically searched for relevant studies up to May 2021. Relevant studies included adult smokers seeking smoking cessation, included in an RCT using NIBS [specifically repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)], and with follow-up of more than 4 weeks. There were no restrictions on location. Abstinence rates in the active NIBS groups were compared with abstinence rates in sham NIBS or in usual treatment groups, from 4 weeks to 12 months following the quit attempt. Smoking abstinence was measured on an intention-to-treat basis and we used risk ratios (RRs) as measures of effect size. RESULTS Seven studies were included (n = 699 patients). In all included studies, the control groups were receiving sham NIBS and only data from 3 to 6 months were analysable. By pooling the seven included studies, the RR of sustained abstinence of any form of NIBS relative to sham NIBS was 2.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-4.55; I2 = 40%]. Subgroup analyses found that the RR was even higher when excitatory rTMS was used on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (RR = 4.34; 95% CI = 1.69-11.18; I2 = 0%) or when using deep rTMS targeting the lateral prefrontal cortex and insula bilaterally (RR = 4.64; 95% CI = 1.61-13.39; I2 = 0%). A high risk of bias was found in four included studies. We also determined, using grades of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation, that overall there was a low level of confidence in the results. CONCLUSION Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may improve smoking abstinence rates from 3 to 6 months after quitting smoking, compared with sham NIBS or usual treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Petit
- Department of Addictology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Dornier
- Department of Addictology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Meille
- Department of Addictology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Anastasia Demina
- Department of Addictology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Benoit Trojak
- Department of Addictology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yilmaz R, Karaoglan Yilmaz FG. Problematic Internet use in Adults: The Role of Happiness, Psychological Resilience, Dispositional Hope, and Self-control and Self-management. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2022; 41:1-19. [PMID: 36247047 PMCID: PMC9548420 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing literature examining the use of problematic internet in the context of psychological factors. Most of these studies are focused on the young population. On the other hand, the prolongation of human life and the increasing rate of adult individuals in society's population cannot be ignored. It is seen that the number of research examining the use of problematic internet in the context of psychological factors is quite limited. In this current study, the problematic internet usage of primary and secondary school students' parents was examined in happiness, psychological resilience, dispositional hope, self-control and self-management. The research was conducted on 1123 parents. Path analysis was performed to discover the relations between the structures. As a result of the path analysis, it was determined that there is a significant negative relationship between problematic internet use and happiness, problematic internet use and psychological resilience, problematic internet use, and dispositional hope. According to these findings, adults' high happiness levels, psychological resilience, and hope levels will reduce their problematic internet use. It has been determined that there is a significant indirect relationship between self-control and self-management and problematic internet use. Happiness, psychological resilience, and dispositional hope mediating role in this relationship. Increasing parents' happiness levels, developing psychological resilience, increasing dispositional hope levels, and developing self-control and self-management skills will reduce problematic internet use. In line with the findings, what can be done to reduce the use of problematic internet has been discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10942-022-00482-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Computer Technology & Information Systems, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ahn J, Kim I. The Effect of Autonomy and Self-Control on Changes in Healthy Lifestyles of Inactive College Students through Regular Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10727. [PMID: 36078443 PMCID: PMC9518329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the influence of autonomy and self-control as psychological factors on the changes in lifestyles of inactive college students by participating in regular exercise. A total of 188 university students in Seoul, Korea, taking physical fitness classes for 5 weeks held three times a week participated in the surveys. Surveys were conducted in the first session (T1) and 15th session (T2) of the classes. Autonomy in exercise participation and self-control were measured at T1, and healthy lifestyle was measured at both T1 and T2. A paired t-test was used to measure the changes in healthy lifestyle between two time points, and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of autonomy in exercise participation and self-control measured at T1 on the healthy lifestyle score at T2. According to the analysis, participants' healthy lifestyles were improved with a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-exercise. Furthermore, the levels of autonomy and self-control before the fitness classes positively influenced the participants' healthy lifestyle after the classes even when the influence of healthy lifestyle measured before the classes was controlled. Thus, it was confirmed that autonomy for participation and self-control are important to change one's healthy lifestyle through regular exercise participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Inwoo Kim
- Department of Sports Culture, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
da Costa Azevedo JN, Carvalho C, Serrão MP, Coelho R, Figueiredo-Braga M, Vieira-Coelho MA. Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in individuals with substance use disorders: a case control study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:412. [PMID: 35729517 PMCID: PMC9210590 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and substance use disorders (SUD) have been both associated with changes in dopaminergic processes. In this study, we intended to evaluate the dopaminergic function in imprisoned SUD offenders through the determination of s-COMT activity. METHODS The study included 46 male individuals from a Portuguese penal institution. The participants were assessed through a battery of standardised instruments: Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), Barratt Impulsivity Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), and the European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI). In addition, s-COMT erythrocyte activity was evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 73.9% (n = 34) of the individuals had Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and 58.7% (n = 27) presented SUD. We evidenced, for the first time, that, in individuals with SUD, s-COMT activity was correlated with the severity of drug dependence (EuropASI) (p = 0.009), and with BIS-11 factors self-control (p < 0.0001) and non-planning (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study opens new perspectives regarding the pharmacological intervention on substance dependence through the interference on dopamine pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinto Nuno da Costa Azevedo
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua da Alegria 2083, 4200-027, Porto, Portugal. .,i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua da Alegria 2083, 4200-027, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Department of Biomedicine-Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Serrão
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Department of Biomedicine-Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Coelho
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua da Alegria 2083, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal ,grid.414556.70000 0000 9375 4688Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua da Alegria 2083, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua da Alegria 2083, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Augusta Vieira-Coelho
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Department of Biomedicine-Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.414556.70000 0000 9375 4688Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Camchong J, Haynos AF, Hendrickson T, Fiecas MB, Gilmore CS, Mueller BA, Kushner MG, Lim KO. Resting Hypoconnectivity of Theoretically Defined Addiction Networks during Early Abstinence Predicts Subsequent Relapse in Alcohol Use Disorder. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:2688-2702. [PMID: 34671808 PMCID: PMC9393062 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical models of addiction suggest that alterations in addiction domains including incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive control lead to relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD). To determine whether the functional organization of neural networks underlying these domains predict subsequent relapse, we generated theoretically defined addiction networks. We collected resting functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 45 individuals with AUD during early abstinence (number of days abstinent M = 25.40, SD = 16.51) and calculated the degree of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within these networks. Regression analyses determined whether the RSFC strength in domain-defined addiction networks measured during early abstinence predicted subsequent relapse (dichotomous or continuous relapse metrics). RSFC within each addiction network measured during early abstinence was significantly lower in those that relapsed (vs. abstained) and predicted subsequent time to relapse. Lower incentive salience RSFC during early abstinence increased the odds of relapsing. Neither RSFC in a control network nor clinical self-report measures predicted relapse. The association between low incentive salience RSFC and faster relapse highlights the need to design timely interventions that enhance RSFC in AUD individuals at risk of relapsing faster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Camchong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
| | - A F Haynos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
| | - T Hendrickson
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - M B Fiecas
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - C S Gilmore
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - B A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
| | - M G Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
| | - K O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The Role of Motivation Systems, Anxiety, and Low Self-Control in Smartphone Addiction among Smartphone-Based Social Networking Service (SNS) Users. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116918. [PMID: 35682501 PMCID: PMC9180772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given that Social Networking Service (SNS) has emerged as the most influential platform, which can lead users to addictive smartphone use, it is necessary to investigate which psychological variables lead smartphone-based SNS users to addictive smartphone use. Still, studies on the relationship between psychological variables and addictive smartphone use among smartphone-based SNS users remain to be explored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of psychological factors on smartphone addiction proneness (SAP). A total of 433 smartphone-based SNS users were collected from 5003 adults in Korea. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and path analysis using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results of a parallel-mediation path analysis demonstrated that Behavioral Inhibition (BIS), Behavioral activation (BAS) drive, anxiety, and low self-control directly influenced SAP, separately. BIS and BAS _drive also had significant indirect effects on SAP through the effect of anxiety. BIS and BAS_fun had significant indirect effects on SAP through the effect of low self-control. The study variables accounted for 38.4 of the total variances of SAP. Thus, when establishing interventions to reduce the users' addictive smartphone use, these interactive relationships of the variables should be considered.
Collapse
|
29
|
Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:567-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
30
|
Yang F, Jiang Y. Adolescent Self-Control and Individual Physical and Mental Health in Adulthood: A Chinese Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:850192. [PMID: 35444588 PMCID: PMC9013772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its association with individual health, few studies have focused on the relationship between adolescent self-control and individual physical and mental health in adulthood. We aimed, therefore, to explore the impact of adolescent self-control on individual physical and mental health in adulthood. We employed the dataset of China Labor-Force Dynamics Surveys [CLDS] (2016). 13,389 respondents with an average age of 45.621 years are consisted in this study. The respondents were asked to report their adolescent self-control through recall. The ordered probit and the ordinary least squares (OLS) models were employed to estimate the effects of adolescent self-control on physical and mental health in adulthood, respectively. We adopted the propensity score matching (PSM) method to address the self-selection bias of samples. The results indicated that adolescent self-control significantly affected individual physical health (coefficient = 0.0126, p < 0.01) and mental health (coefficient = −0.1067, p < 0.01) in adulthood. The mechanism analysis suggested that adolescent self-control partially promoted physical and mental health in adulthood by education and income instead of self-control in adulthood. In conclusion, paying attention to the cultivation of self-control before adulthood may be an effective way to improve individual physical and mental health in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Labor and Social Security, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Demography, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang L, Li C, Li Y. Cortical Volume in the Right Cingulate Cortex Mediates the Increase of Self-Control From Young Adult to Middle-Aged. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:723786. [PMID: 35431826 PMCID: PMC9011189 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.723786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A high self-control capacity is related to better environmental adaptability and happy and healthy life. Neuroimaging studies have elucidated that the anterior cingulate, the prefrontal cortex, and the orbitofrontal cortex are involved in self-control. However, few studies integrated all three measurements, namely, age, human brain, and self-control, into a single quantitative model and examined whether self-control ability increased or decreased with age. In this study, we collected 65 participants' data including structural MRI and Tangney's Self-Control Scale to explore age dependence of cortical volume (CV) and self-control from young adult to middle-aged, as well as whether a non-linear association in the tridimensional model of age-brain-self-control was necessary to explain all the data in this study. We showed that self-control increased with age, but CV decreased with age. In a linear model, our mediation analyses revealed that CV in the right cingulate cortex mediated the increase of self-control; we also constructed a general non-linear model of age-brain-behavior and proved that the inverted development of human brain morphology and self-control abilities happened when morphology decays with age at a relatively smaller rate. Our study indicated that healthy aging in terms of increasing self-control is achievable, and our quantitative linear model of self-control laid theoretical foundations for studies on non-linear associations in age-brain-behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang M, Chen Y, Li H, Zhang X, Xu Y, Ding ZH, Ma Z, Sun Y. Association Between Psychiatric Symptoms and Craving in Drug Withdrawal. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
33
|
Augner C, Vlasak T, Aichhorn W, Barth A. Tackling the 'digital pandemic': The effectiveness of psychological intervention strategies in problematic Internet and smartphone use-A meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:219-229. [PMID: 34477009 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211042793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problematic Internet and smartphone use is associated with serious mental health problems. We thus investigated the effectiveness of psychological interventions on problematic Internet and smartphone use. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and searched in PubMed, PsyArticles, PsycInfo, Medline and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed experimental and quasi-experimental research published between 2008 and 2021. RESULTS A total of 10 studies accompanied by 14 effect sizes were included in the meta-analyses for problematic Internet use and 3 studies accompanied by 4 effect sizes for problematic smartphone use. The total sample size was n = 1439 with a mean age of 20.34 (SD = 6.63) years. Psychological interventions were effective for both problematic Internet use (g = -1.41, 95% confidence interval = [-1.90, -0.91], p < 0.001) and problematic smartphone use (g = -0.40, 95% confidence interval = [-0.79, -0.01], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Current evidence indicates that psychological interventions can be effective in reducing problematic Internet use/problematic smartphone use. However, the results must be considered preliminary due to the limited number of studies available in the respective fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Augner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute for Human Resources Research in Health Care, University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Vlasak
- Institute for Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alfred Barth
- Institute for Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Santiago A, Carré A, Miranda R, Lemogne C, LeStrat Y, Benyamina A, Perney P, Luquiens A. Study protocol for an online randomised controlled trial among non-treatment seeking problem gamblers: training inhibition in online problem gambling (TRAIN-online) trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051641. [PMID: 34848517 PMCID: PMC8634281 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of fully internet-based programs could provide a new avenue to improve access to healthcare for problem gamblers. In this project, we aim to assess the efficacy of a web-based cognitive intervention targeting inhibitory control among problem gamblers, using a randomised controlled design. As impaired inhibitory control is involved in self-regulation difficulties in behavioural addictions, it represents a particularly relevant cognitive process to target for an online psychological intervention. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This will be a single-blinded, randomised, comparative therapeutic web-based, controlled trial. Up to 200 non-treatment seeking adult problem gamblers with a Problem Gambling Severity Index-recent (PGSI-recent) score ≥5 will be included. The intervention will be a computerised cognitive training program targeting inhibitory skills. The comparator, an active control, will be a computerised neutral sensorial program. Both programs will be carried out under similar conditions: biweekly online training for 6 weeks and optional telephone support will be offered to patients for debriefing. The main objective of the study is to assess the clinical efficacy of the online cognitive training program at 6 weeks, measured with the PGSI-recent. The secondary objectives are to assess the efficacy on the gambling behaviour assessed by the account-based gambling data, on the self-reported gambling practice, and on the inhibition performance at the neuropsychological level at 6, 14 and 52 weeks. We will also assess the acceptability of this program and the preferred level of guidance. Data analysis will be in intention-to-treat. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This randomized controlled trial will be executed in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration, and was approved by the local ethics boards (Comité de Protection des Personnes) in October 2017. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03673800.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Santiago
- Addiction Team, CESP, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
- Department of Addictology, Nîmes University Hospital, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Arnaud Carré
- Addiction Team, CESP, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
- LIP/PC2S, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Chambery, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Ruben Miranda
- Addiction Team, CESP, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
- Adult Neurodeveloppment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Department of Psychiatry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Yann LeStrat
- U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, Colombes, Île-de-France, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Addiction Team, CESP, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Paul Brousse Hospital, AP-HP, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
| | - Pascal Perney
- Department of Addictology, Nîmes University Hospital, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Amandine Luquiens
- Addiction Team, CESP, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
- Department of Addictology, Nîmes University Hospital, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with alcohol cue inhibitory control training reduces the risk of early alcohol relapse: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1531-1543. [PMID: 34687964 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately half of all people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) relapse into alcohol reuse in the next few weeks after a withdrawal treatment. Brain stimulation and cognitive training represent recent forms of complementary interventions in the context of AUD. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of five sessions of 2 mA bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for 20 min over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (left cathodal/right anodal) combined with alcohol cue inhibitory control training (ICT) as part of rehabilitation. The secondary outcomes were executive functioning (e.g. response inhibition) and craving intensity, two mechanisms strongly related to abstinence. METHODS A randomized clinical trial with patients (n = 125) with severe AUD at a withdrawal treatment unit. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of four conditions, in a 2 [verum vs. sham tDCS] x 2 [alcohol cue vs. neutral ICT] factorial design. The main outcome of treatment was the abstinence rate after two weeks or more (up to one year). RESULTS Verum tDCS improved the abstinence rate at the 2-week follow-up compared to the sham condition, independently of the training condition (79.7% [95% CI = 69.8-89.6] vs. 60.7% [95% CI = 48.3-73.1]; p = .02). A priori contrasts analyses revealed higher abstinence rates for the verum tDCS associated with alcohol cue ICT (86.1% [31/36; 95% CI = 74.6-97.6]) than for the other three conditions (64% [57/89; 95% CI = 54-74]). These positive clinical effects on abstinence did not persist beyond two weeks after the intervention. Neither the reduction of craving nor the improvement in executive control resulted specifically from prefrontal-tDCS and ICT. CONCLUSIONS AUD patients who received tDCS applied to DLPFC showed a significantly higher abstinence rate during the weeks following rehabilitation. When combined with alcohol specific ICT, brain stimulation may provide better clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03447054 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03447054.
Collapse
|
36
|
Alexopoulos GS, Raue PJ, Banerjee S, Mauer E, Marino P, Soliman M, Kanellopoulos D, Solomonov N, Adeagbo A, Sirey JA, Hull TD, Kiosses DN, Areán PA. Modifiable predictors of suicidal ideation during psychotherapy for late-life major depression. A machine learning approach. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:536. [PMID: 34663787 PMCID: PMC8523563 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify subgroups of depressed older adults with distinct trajectories of suicidal ideation during brief psychotherapy and to detect modifiable predictors of membership to the trajectories of suicidal ideation. Latent growth mixed models were used to identify trajectories of the presence of suicidal ideation in participants to a randomized controlled trial comparing Problem Solving Therapy with "Engage" therapy in older adults with major depression over 9 weeks. Predictors of membership to trajectories of suicidal ideation were identified by the convergence of four machine learning models, i.e., least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting machine, and classification tree. The course of suicidal ideation was best captured by two trajectories, a favorable and an unfavorable trajectory comprising 173 and 76 participants respectively. Members of the favorable trajectory had no suicidal ideation by week 8. In contrast, members of the unfavorable trajectory had a 60% probability of suicidal ideation by treatment end. Convergent findings of the four machine learning models identified hopelessness, neuroticism, and low general self-efficacy as the strongest predictors of membership to the unfavorable trajectory of suicidal ideation during psychotherapy. Assessment of suicide risk should include hopelessness, neuroticism, and general self-efficacy as they are predictors of an unfavorable course of suicidal ideation in depressed older adults receiving psychotherapy. Psychotherapeutic interventions exist for hopelessness, emotional reactivity related to neuroticism, and low self-efficacy, and if used during therapy, may improve the course of suicidal ideation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George S Alexopoulos
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA.
| | - Patrick J Raue
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samprit Banerjee
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mauer
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Marino
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed Soliman
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Dora Kanellopoulos
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Nili Solomonov
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Adenike Adeagbo
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Jo Anne Sirey
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Thomas D Hull
- Talkspace, New York, NY, USA
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitris N Kiosses
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Patricia A Areán
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schuman-Olivier Z, Trombka M, Lovas DA, Brewer JA, Vago DR, Gawande R, Dunne JP, Lazar SW, Loucks EB, Fulwiler C. Mindfulness and Behavior Change. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 28:371-394. [PMID: 33156156 PMCID: PMC7647439 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initiating and maintaining behavior change is key to the prevention and treatment of most preventable chronic medical and psychiatric illnesses. The cultivation of mindfulness, involving acceptance and nonjudgment of present-moment experience, often results in transformative health behavior change. Neural systems involved in motivation and learning have an important role to play. A theoretical model of mindfulness that integrates these mechanisms with the cognitive, emotional, and self-related processes commonly described, while applying an integrated model to health behavior change, is needed. This integrative review (1) defines mindfulness and describes the mindfulness-based intervention movement, (2) synthesizes the neuroscience of mindfulness and integrates motivation and learning mechanisms within a mindful self-regulation model for understanding the complex effects of mindfulness on behavior change, and (3) synthesizes current clinical research evaluating the effects of mindfulness-based interventions targeting health behaviors relevant to psychiatric care. The review provides insight into the limitations of current research and proposes potential mechanisms to be tested in future research and targeted in clinical practice to enhance the impact of mindfulness on behavior change.
Collapse
|
38
|
Liang Q, Wang Y, Wang F, Li Z, Li D, Wang F. Prioritization of personally relevant stimuli in male abstinent heroin users. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:132-139. [PMID: 34352558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prioritization of the processing of highly relevant personal stimuli pervades various cognitive domains and is vital to our survival and normal functioning. However, the extent to which this process is altered by drug addiction remains to be elucidated. The present study examined the self-prioritization effect in abstinent heroin users (AHUs) using the perceptual matching task, which controls for the confounding effect of familiarity, and further modified it to revalidate the drug-prioritization effect (DPE). Eighty male AHUs and forty healthy control (HC) participants were recruited for this study. Participants filled in the questionnaire and completed two perceptual matching tasks. The questionnaire included demographic information (e.g., age, education) and characteristics of drug use, whereas the HC participants only completed the demographic information. AHUs exhibited a robust self-advantage in the self-perceptual matching task, and that the magnitude of the self-prioritization effect (MSPE) was comparable to that in HCs. Only AHUs prioritized the processing of drug-related stimuli in the drug-perceptual matching task, and showed similar prioritization effects during self- and drug-related processing. The MSPE and magnitude of the drug-prioritization effect (MDPE) were correlated with the heroin consumption behavior in AHUs. The process of self-prioritization is intact in drug users, and they uniquely prioritize the processing of drug cues. The similar pattern between the self- and drug-related processing provided behavioral evidence to support that drug cues are likely to be associated with heightened personal relevance in drug users. These prioritization processes may play critical roles in addiction and provide a promising route for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Liang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- The Fifth Compulsory Detoxification Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650211, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- The Fifth Compulsory Detoxification Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650211, China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- The Fifth Compulsory Detoxification Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650211, China.
| | - Denghe Li
- The Fourth Compulsory Detoxification Center of Yunnan Province, Lijiang, 674100, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100083, China; Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100083, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Optogenetically-inspired neuromodulation: Translating basic discoveries into therapeutic strategies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 159:187-219. [PMID: 34446246 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic tools allow for the selective activation, inhibition or modulation of genetically-defined neural circuits with incredible temporal precision. Over the past decade, application of these tools in preclinical models of psychiatric disease has advanced our understanding the neural circuit basis of maladaptive behaviors in these disorders. Despite their power as an investigational tool, optogenetics cannot yet be applied in the clinical for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. To date, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the only clinical treatment that can be used to achieve circuit-specific neuromodulation in the context of psychiatric. Despite its increasing clinical indications, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DBS for psychiatric disorders are poorly understood, which makes optimization difficult. We discuss the variety of optogenetic tools available for preclinical research, and how these tools have been leveraged to reverse-engineer the mechanisms underlying DBS for movement and compulsive disorders. We review studies that have used optogenetics to induce plasticity within defined basal ganglia circuits, to alter neural circuit function and evaluate the corresponding effects on motor and compulsive behaviors. While not immediately applicable to patient populations, the translational power of optogenetics is in inspiring novel DBS protocols by providing a rationale for targeting defined neural circuits to ameliorate specific behavioral symptoms, and by establishing optimal stimulation paradigms that could selectively compensate for pathological synaptic plasticity within these defined neural circuits.
Collapse
|
40
|
Coffman DL, Oliva IB, Forman EM. Does acceptance-based treatment moderate the effect of stress on dietary lapses? Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:2110-2115. [PMID: 34245302 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss interventions are successful to the extent that participants adhere to calorie-reduced dietary prescriptions and may be undermined by dietary lapses triggered by external or internal factors, such as stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether an acceptance-based treatment (ABT) versus a standard behavioral treatment (SBT) moderated the effect of stress on dietary lapses. Ecological momentary assessment data were collected from 189 participants who were randomly assigned to either ABT or SBT. Between-subject and within-subject stress were used to predict lapse occurrence along with intervention condition, and the interaction between intervention condition and stress using a generalized linear mixed-effects model. Gender, time of day, and baseline mean lapses/day were included as control variables. Higher mean baseline lapses/day, female gender, and later time of day were significantly associated with increased odds of lapse. Between-subject stress was positively and significantly related to the odds of lapse. Compared to SBT, ABT showed a significant decrease in the odds of lapse at an individual's average level of within-subject stress, but the interaction of intervention condition with within-subject stress was not statistically significant. Participants with high overall stress levels lapsed more frequently than those with low overall stress levels. There was a significant decrease in the odds of lapse for the ABT group at a participant's own average stress level, suggesting that ABT may be beneficial at participants' usual stress levels but when they deviate from their usual stress level, there are no treatment differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Coffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabela Batista Oliva
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evan M Forman
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reese ED, Kane LF, Paquette CE, Frohlich F, Daughters SB. Lost in Translation: the Gap Between Neurobiological Mechanisms and Psychosocial Treatment Research for Substance Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
42
|
al'Absi M, Allen AM. Impact of Acute and Chronic Cannabis Use on Stress Response Regulation: Challenging the Belief That Cannabis Is an Effective Method for Coping. Front Psychol 2021; 12:687106. [PMID: 34276511 PMCID: PMC8283823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research has only recently started to examine the impact of cannabis use on stress response, there is some evidence that indicates acute and chronic impacts of cannabis on these processes. In this paper, we review processes involved in regulating the stress response and we review the influence of acute and chronic exposure to cannabis on patterns and regulation of the stress response. We also highlight the role of stress as a risk factor for initiation and maintenance of cannabis use. In this context, we examine moderating variables, including sex and life adversity. In light of recent observations indicating increasing prevalence of cannabis use during pregnancy, we provide additional focus on cannabis use in this vulnerable population, including how acute and chronic stress may predispose some individuals to use cannabis during pregnancy. While this line of research is in its infancy, we review available articles that focus on the perinatal period and that examined the association between cannabis use and various life stressors, including partner violence, job loss, and lack of housing. We also review psychiatric co-morbidities (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety). A better understanding of the way stress and cannabis use relate within the general population, as well as within certain subgroups that may be at a greater risk of using and/or at greater risk for adverse outcomes of use, may lead to the development of novel prevention and intervention approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa al'Absi
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Alicia M Allen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schulz van Endert T. Addictive use of digital devices in young children: Associations with delay discounting, self-control and academic performance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253058. [PMID: 34157026 PMCID: PMC8219150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of smartphones, tablets and laptops/PCs has become ingrained in adults’ and increasingly in children’s lives, which has sparked a debate about the risk of addiction to digital devices. Previous research has linked specific use of digital devices (e.g. online gaming, smartphone screen time) with impulsive behavior in the context of intertemporal choice among adolescents and adults. However, not much is known about children’s addictive behavior towards digital devices and its relationship to personality factors and academic performance. This study investigated the associations between addictive use of digital devices, self-reported usage duration, delay discounting, self-control and academic success in children aged 10 to 13. Addictive use of digital devices was positively related to delay discounting, but self-control confounded the relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, self-control and self-reported usage duration but not the degree of addictive use predicted the most recent grade average. These findings indicate that children’s problematic behavior towards digital devices compares to other maladaptive behaviors (e.g. substance abuse, pathological gambling) in terms of impulsive choice and point towards the key role self-control seems to play in lowering a potential risk of digital addiction.
Collapse
|
44
|
Mindfulness in Treatment Approaches for Addiction — Underlying Mechanisms and Future Directions. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
While the treatment of addictive disorders proves to be challenging, new treatment approaches that evolved around the concepts of mindfulness and acceptance have been utilized and investigated in recent years. Our goal is to summarize the efficacy and possible underlying mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) in addictive disorders.
Recent Findings
Various meta-analyses have suggested that MBIs show clinical efficacy in the treatment of addictive disorders. Considering the factors that impact addictive disorders, MBIs have been indicated to augment responsiveness to natural rewards in contrast to addiction-related cues as well as to increase top-down cognitive control, decrease subjective and physiological stress perception, and enhance positive affect.
Summary
In summary, MBIs hold promise in treating addictive disorders while larger randomized controlled trials with longitudinal study designs are needed to confirm their utility. Newest clinical endeavors strive to enhance the clinical utility of MBIs by augmentation or personalization.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ramírez-Maestre C, López-Martínez AE, Esteve R. Predictive variables of prescription opioid misuse in patients with chronic noncancer pain. Development of a risk detection scale: A registered report protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251586. [PMID: 33984037 PMCID: PMC8118327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid therapy is utilized for a broad range of chronic pain conditions. Several studies have highlighted the adverse effects of opioid medication due to the misuse of these drugs. The gradual increase in the use of opioids has become a global phenomenon and is generating social concern. Several treatment guidelines have strongly recommended assessing the risks and benefits of pharmacological treatment with opioids. These guidelines also recommend the psychological assessment of patients with chronic noncancer pain in order to make informed decisions on the advisability of intervention with opioids. Some authors have emphasized the relevance of assessing the risk of opioid misuse in patients with noncancer chronic pain before initiating treatment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Two studies will be conducted, each with a different primary objective. The primary objective of the first study (Study 1) will be to conduct a comprehensive investigation to identify the factors most closely associated with subsequent opioid misuse; and based on the results of Study 1, the primary objective of the second study (Study 2) will be to develop a brief, reliable, valid, and useful instrument that would enable health care providers to make decisions on opioid prescription and on the required level of monitoring and follow-up. These decisions would have positive consequences for patient wellbeing. Study 1 will include a logistic regression analysis to test the hypothetical model. Study 2 will have a longitudinal design and include three assessment sessions in order to develop a measure to assess the risk of prescribed opioid misuse and to analyse its reliability and validity. Participants will be individuals with chronic noncancer pain attending three Pain Units. These individuals will either be undergoing pharmacological treatment that includes opioid analgesics (Study 1, N = 400) or are going to commence such treatment (Study 2, N = 250).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ramírez-Maestre
- Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Psicología, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alicia E. López-Martínez
- Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Psicología, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Esteve
- Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Psicología, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Transcriptional signatures in prefrontal cortex confer vulnerability versus resilience to food and cocaine addiction-like behavior. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9076. [PMID: 33907201 PMCID: PMC8079697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive reward-seeking despite harmful consequences. The mechanisms underlying addiction are orchestrated by transcriptional reprogramming in the reward system of vulnerable subjects. This study aims at revealing gene expression alterations across different types of addiction. We analyzed publicly available transcriptome datasets of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) from a palatable food and a cocaine addiction study. We found 56 common genes upregulated in the PFC of addicted mice in these two studies, whereas most of the differentially expressed genes were exclusively linked to either palatable food or cocaine addiction. Gene ontology analysis of shared genes revealed that these genes contribute to learning and memory, dopaminergic synaptic transmission, and histone phosphorylation. Network analysis of shared genes revealed a protein–protein interaction node among the G protein-coupled receptors (Drd2, Drd1, Adora2a, Gpr6, Gpr88) and downstream targets of the cAMP signaling pathway (Ppp1rb1, Rgs9, Pde10a) as a core network in addiction. Upon extending the analysis to a cell-type specific level, some of these common molecular players were selectively expressed in excitatory neurons, oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells. Overall, computational analysis of publicly available whole transcriptome datasets provides new insights into the molecular basis of addiction-like behaviors in PFC.
Collapse
|
47
|
Altered patterns of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and regional homogeneity in abstinent methamphetamine-dependent users. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7705. [PMID: 33833282 PMCID: PMC8032776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) could induce functional and structural brain alterations in dependent subjects. However, few studies have investigated resting-state activity in methamphetamine-dependent subjects (MADs). We aimed to investigate alterations of brain activity during resting-state in MADs using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). We analyzed fALFF and ReHo between MADs (n = 70) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 84) and performed regression analysis using MA use variables. Compared to HCs, abstinent MADs showed increased fALFF and ReHo values in the bilateral striatum, decreased fALFF in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and decreased ReHo in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and left precuneus. We also observed the fALFF values of bilateral striatum were positively correlated with the age of first MA use, and negatively correlated with the duration of MA use. The fALFF value of right striatum was also positively correlated with the duration of abstinence. The alterations of spontaneous cerebral activity in abstinent MADs may help us probe into the neurological pathophysiology underlying MA-related dysfunction and recovery. Since MADs with higher fALFF in the right striatum had shorter MA use and longer abstinence, the increased fALFF in the right striatum might implicate early recovery during abstinence.
Collapse
|
48
|
Lucifora C, Martino G, Curcuruto A, Salehinejad MA, Vicario CM. How Self-Control Predicts Moral Decision Making: An Exploratory Study on Healthy Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073840. [PMID: 33917567 PMCID: PMC8038791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on moral reasoning calls into question self-control, which encompasses impulsivity, compulsivity, and inhibitory control. However, a thorough investigation exploring how these three dimensions can affect moral reasoning in response to different scenarios is unavailable. We addressed this topic by testing the predictive role of these three dimensions of self-control on appraisals for ethical violations related with different types of scenarios. Overall, our results suggest that all three dimensions of self-control are involved in moral reasoning, depending on the type of appraisal and provided moral scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lucifora
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (C.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Anna Curcuruto
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (C.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, 44139 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Carmelo Mario Vicario
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (C.L.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
How is intolerance of uncertainty related to negative affect in individuals with substance use disorders? The role of the inability to control behaviors when experiencing emotional distress. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106785. [PMID: 33360277 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We used structural equation modeling to assess the role of impaired emotional awareness and clarity (Impaired Awareness/Clarity) and inability to control behaviors when experiencing emotional distress (Inability to Control Behaviors) as an account for the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and negative affect (NA) in individuals with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and healthy controls (HCs) used for comparison. One-hundred and thirty-one individuals with SUDs (42.75% female; mean age = 39.74 ± 11.83) and 131 sex-matched HCs (mean age = 40.02 ± 12.34) entered the study. Participants completed questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest. Single-group analyses aimed to identify a baseline model for each group and test the hypothesized direct/indirect relations' overall significance. Then, a multigroup analysis tested the invariance of model parameters between SUD and HC groups. The model in which IU had both direct and indirect relationships with NA through Impaired Awareness/Clarity and Inability to Control Behaviors was a good fit to the data. The indirect relationship of IU with NA through Inability to Control Behaviors was significant and moderate-sized. The relationship involving Impaired Awareness/Clarity and Inability to Control Behaviors was small-sized and significant in single group analysis only. The multigroup analysis supported the association of IU with NA through Inability to Control Behaviors in the SUD group. Overall, our study highlights the crucial role of the Inability to Control Behaviors in SUDs and suggests that its association with IU might fuel NA in this population.
Collapse
|
50
|
A biological framework for emotional dysregulation in alcohol misuse: from gut to brain. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1098-1118. [PMID: 33288871 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with impairments in social and emotional cognition that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of addiction. Repeated alcohol intoxications trigger inflammatory processes and sensitise the immune system. In addition, emerging data point to perturbations in the gut microbiome as a key regulator of the inflammatory cascade in AUD. Inflammation and social cognition are potent modulators of one another. At the same time, accumulating evidence implicates the gut microbiome in shaping emotional and social cognition, suggesting the possibility of a common underlying loop of crucial importance for addiction. Here we propose an integrative microbiome neuro-immuno-affective framework of how emotional dysregulation and alcohol-related microbiome dysbiosis could accelerate the cycle of addiction. We outline the overlapping effects of chronic alcohol use, inflammation and microbiome alterations on the fronto-limbic circuitry as a convergence hub for emotional dysregulation. We discuss the interdependent relationship of social cognition, immunity and the microbiome in relation to alcohol misuse- from binge drinking to addiction. In addition, we emphasise adolescence as a sensitive period for the confluence of alcohol harmful effects and emotional dysregulation in the developing gut-brain axis.
Collapse
|