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Costa SA, Severo M, Lopes C, Torres D. Association between bisphenol A exposure and cardiometabolic outcomes: A longitudinal approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135000. [PMID: 38909471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Increased cardiometabolic risk is associated with abnormalities in blood biomarkers profile and adiposity measurements. Some substances found in the food matrix and the environment, called endocrine-disrupting chemicals, may impair cardiometabolic health in the early and later stages of life. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a food contaminant that migrates from food contact materials and may act as an endocrine disruptor, negatively affecting human health. The present work aims to longitudinally assess the association between BPA exposure and cardiometabolic outcomes, considering data from Portuguese population-based birth cohort Generation XXI. Blood insulin (0.06stdβ; 95 %CI:0.03,0.09) and insulin resistance (0.05stdβ; 95 %CI:0.02,0.08) presented a significant longitudinal association with BPA daily exposure after adjustment for important variables and energy. The same findings were observed for fat mass (0.03stdβ; 95 %CI 0.01,0.06) and waist circumference (0.06stdβ; 95 %CI:0.04,0.08). For z-BMI, a significant cross-sectional (0.03stdβ; 95 %CI:0.01,0.04) and longitudinal (0.02stdβ; 95 %CI:0.00,0.04) association was found. This was the first study assessing the association between BPA exposure and health outcomes from childhood to adolescence. We found an association between BPA exposure and increased blood insulin level, insulin resistance, fat mass percentage, waist circumference and z-BMI. Our results point to the need to reduce exposure to BPA in the early stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Almeida Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal.
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro Porto, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Duarte Torres
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
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Liu Z, Chen L, Qu L, Zhang R, Qin Z, Zhang H, Wei J, Xu J, Hou Z. Cross-linked poly(ester urethane)/starch composite films with high starch content as sustainable food-packaging materials: Influence of cross-link density. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128441. [PMID: 38013081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the development of cross-linked poly(ester urethane)/starch (PEUST) composites containing 50 wt% starch content for food-packaging materials. The NCO-terminated poly(caprolactone-urethane) prepolymer (PCUP) was first synthesized through bulk condensation. Then, low-moisture starch (0.21 wt%) and PCUP-based PEUST films were fabricated through an intensive extrusion process, followed by thermo-compression molding. The chemical structure of PCUP and PEUST was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted to assess the influence of cross-link density on the physicochemical properties of the composite films. The results showed that an increase in the cross-link density within the composites improved component compatibility and tensile strength but reduced crystallinity, water sensitivity, hydrolytic degradability, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films. In addition, the cytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the safety of the composite films, and the high cell viability demonstrated non-toxicity for food application. The PEUST-II films with moderate cross-link density exhibited a suitable degradation rate (27.7 % weight loss at degradation for 140 d), optimal tensile properties (tensile strength at break: 12.4 MPa; elongation at break: 352 %), and low WVP (68.4 g/(m2⋅24h) at 30 % relative humidity). These characteristics make them highly promising as fresh-keeping food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lengbing Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lei Qu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zihao Qin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shandong Tianming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Jinan 250104, China
| | - Jinjian Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Zhaosheng Hou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Costa SA, Severo M, Correia D, Carvalho C, Magalhães V, Vilela S, Cunha S, Casal S, Lopes C, Torres D. Methodological approaches for the assessment of bisphenol A exposure. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113251. [PMID: 37803563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor used in food contact materials, by the application of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The main objective of this study is to compare the estimate of daily BPA exposure at 13 years of age and in the adult Portuguese population, using different methodological approaches, and assess the associations between this exposure and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional data of 13-years follow-up from a population-based birth cohort Generation XXI (GXXI) (n = 2804) and from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015-2016) (n = 3845, ≥18 years old) was used. Dietary information was collected through three food diaries for adolescents and two non-consecutive 24-hour-recalls for adults. To estimate the daily exposure to BPA, three methodological approaches were used. "Food groups attribution" merged the food consumption data with the concentration of BPA in food groups. "Regression tree model" and "random forest" combined food consumption information with urinary BPA, measured in a subsample of 24-hour urine (in adolescents n = 216, and in adults n = 82), both used to predict BPA exposure in the remaining sample. The fit-index of the methodologies was assessed through the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). Associations between BPA exposure and sociodemographic variables were tested by linear regression models, adjusted for sex, age groups (in adults) and educational level. Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 0.2 ng/kg body weight (bw), recently proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), was used for the risk characterization of BPA exposure. RESULTS The "random forest" was found as the best methodology to estimate the daily BPA exposure (adolescents: RMSE = 0.989, MAE = 0.727, ρ = 0.168; adults: RMSE = 0.193, MAE = 0.147, ρ = 0.250). The median dietary BPA exposure, calculated by "food groups attribution", was 79.1 and 46.1 ng/kg bw/day for adolescents and adults, respectively, while "random forest" estimated a BPA exposure of 26.7 and 38.0 ng/kg bw/day. 99.9% of the Portuguese population presented a daily exposure above TDI. Male adolescents, females and higher educated adults, were those more exposed to BPA. CONCLUSIONS The estimated daily BPA exposure strongly depends on the methodological approach. Food groups attribution may overestimate the exposure while the random forest appears to be a better methodological approach to estimate BPA exposure. Nevertheless, for all methods, the Portuguese population presented an unsafe BPA exposure by largely exceeding the safe levels proposed by EFSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Almeida Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Correia
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Magalhães
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Torres
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Eti SA, Islam MS, Shourove JH, Saha B, Ray SK, Sultana S, Ali Shaikh MA, Rahman MM. Assessment of heavy metals migrated from food contact plastic packaging: Bangladesh perspective. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19667. [PMID: 37809622 PMCID: PMC10558900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic-based food-contact materials are potentially threatening the environment and public health by releasing toxic heavy metals. This study aimed to identify the types of plastic commonly used in Bangladesh as food-contact materials (FCMs) and assess the migration of heavy metals from these FCMs. Plastic types were identified using attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and 25 samples were selected based on the category, including Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), and Polycarbonate (PC). Distilled water, 3% acetic acid, and 15% ethanol were used as food simulants to assess the overall migration of chemicals at 70 °C for 2 h. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Sb) were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results revealed that the highest overall migration occurred in coffee cups measuring 3.50 ± 0.17 mg/kg (using water simulant) and in yogurt containers with a measurement of 9.17 ± 0.1 mg/kg (using 3% acetic acid). The highest concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Sb were found in PP-2 (0.45 ± 0.01 mg/kg), PP-2 (0.36 ± 0.01 mg/kg), PC-5 (0.27 ± 0.01 mg/kg), PET-2 (0.12 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and PET-1 (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/kg), respectively. The concentration of heavy metals migrated from the containers is likely to induce a health risk due to bioaccumulation from long-term ingestion of food packaged in them. The findings of this study added knowledge about harmful heavy metals leached from the FCMs in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Akther Eti
- Fiber and Polymer Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Saiful Islam
- Fiber and Polymer Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Badhan Saha
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Swapan Kumer Ray
- Fiber and Polymer Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahin Sultana
- Fiber and Polymer Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
- University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Fiber and Polymer Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
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Guan MY, Zhong HN, Wang ZW, Yu WW, Hu CY. Chemical contaminants from food contact materials and articles made from or containing wood and bamboo - a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:434-453. [PMID: 36693199 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2167003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to recently introduced 'so-called' bio- and plant-based friendly food contact materials and articles (FCM/FCA), some neglected safety issues need to be raised. In this review, potential chemical contaminants from FCM/FCA made from or containing wood and bamboo are presented. Sources, migration, and analytical issues in determining contaminants including intentionally and non-intentionally added substances (IAS and NIAS, respectively) are reviewed. Most of the contaminants are components from melamine-formaldehyde-resin (MFR), paints and coatings, preservatives, and bleaching agents. Tableware made of MFR containing bamboo fibres as a filler are not always suitable for use as tableware since harmful amounts of melamine and formaldehyde can migrate from the tableware into food and even accelerate the degradation of certain polymers with which they are mixed. In addition, in the EU bamboo in plastic FCM is not authorized under Regulation (EU) 10/2011. Paints and coatings used to provide surface coverage for bamboo and wooden articles also pose a risk of migration of heavy metals. Limits on preservatives in wood FCM are covered by legislation in many countries, nevertheless their contamination should not be ignored. Some wood species are considered 'toxic' or contain 'toxic' constituents that should not be used in contact with food, which are worth considering for legislation. IAS analyses in bamboo and wooden FCM is generally not a problem, but has proven to be more challenging for NIAS. Due to a complex mixture of substances contained in plant-based materials, there is a need to improve databases for non-target screening of such chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Ying Guan
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Huai-Ning Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Packing Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wen-Wen Yu
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Chang-Ying Hu
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, China
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Occurrence of phthalates and 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene in dry foods packed in cellulosic materials. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-022-01412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Nieto MT, Paseiro-Losada P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. Food and beverage can coatings: A review on chemical analysis, migration, and risk assessment. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3558-3611. [PMID: 35687326 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The internal surface of food and beverage cans is generally covered with polymeric coatings to preserve food and protect metal substrate from corrosion. Coating materials are complex formulations that contain different starting substances (e.g., monomers, prepolymers, additives, etc.) and in addition during the manufacture of the material several compounds can be formed (e.g., reaction products, degradation products, etc.). These substances have the potential to migrate into the food. Many of them have not been identified and only some have been toxicologically evaluated. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the analytical methods used for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. The migration and exposure to chemicals migrating from can coatings are also reviewed and discussed so far, which is essential for risk assessment. Moreover, a brief section on the current status of the legislation on varnishes and coatings for food contact in Europe is also presented. Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and fluorescence detectors and particularly to mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry seem to be the techniques of choice for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. Some studies have reported migration levels of BPA (bisphenol A) and BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) and derivatives exceeding the specific migration limits set in the European legislation. On the whole, low dietary exposure to migrants from can coatings has been reported. However, it is interesting to highlight that in these studies the combined exposure to multiple chemicals has not been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Lestido-Cardama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Centre, Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - María Teresa Nieto
- National Food Centre, Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro-Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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MAKKAEW P, CHALOEIJITKUL K, VATTANASIT U. Health risk assessment of dietary exposure to phthalates from plastic-coated paper among university students. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shao P, Liu L, Yu J, Lin Y, Gao H, Chen H, Sun P. An overview of intelligent freshness indicator packaging for food quality and safety monitoring. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Alamri M, Qasem AA, Mohamed AA, Hussain S, Ibraheem MA, Shamlan G, Alqah HA, Qasha AS. Food packaging's materials: A food safety perspective. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4490-4499. [PMID: 34354435 PMCID: PMC8325021 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Food packaging serves purposes of food product safety and easy handling and transport by preventing chemical contamination and enhancing shelf life, which provides convenience for consumers. Various types of materials, including plastics, glass, metals, and papers and their composites, have been used for food packaging. However, owing to consumers' increased health awareness, the significance of transferring harmful materials from packaging materials into foods is of greater concern. This review highlights the interactions of food with packaging materials and elaborates the mechanism, types, and contributing factors of migration of chemical substances from the packaging to foods. Also, various types of chemical migrants from different packaging materials with their possible impacts on food safety and human health are discussed. We conclude with a future outlook based on legislative considerations and ongoing technical contributions to optimization of food-package interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Alamri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram A.A. Qasem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif A. Mohamed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Ibraheem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham A. Alqah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Qasha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Bridson JH, Gaugler EC, Smith DA, Northcott GL, Gaw S. Leaching and extraction of additives from plastic pollution to inform environmental risk: A multidisciplinary review of analytical approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125571. [PMID: 34030416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is prevalent worldwide and has been highlighted as an issue of global concern due to its harmful impacts on wildlife. The extent and mechanism by which plastic pollution effects organisms is poorly understood, especially for microplastics. One proposed mechanism by which plastics may exert a harmful effect is through the leaching of additives. To determine the risk to wildlife, the chemical identity and exposure to additives must be established. However, there are few reports with disparate experimental approaches. In contrast, a breadth of knowledge on additive release from plastics is held within the food, pharmaceutical and medical, construction, and waste management industries. This includes standardised methods to perform migration, extraction, and leaching studies. This review provides an overview of the approaches and methods used to characterise additives and their leaching behaviour from plastic pollution. The limitations of these methods are highlighted and compared with industry standardised approaches. Furthermore, an overview of the analytical strategies for the identification and quantification of additives is presented. This work provides a basis for refining current leaching approaches and analytical methods with a view towards understanding the risk of plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Bridson
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand; School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
| | | | - Dawn A Smith
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Grant L Northcott
- Northcott Research Consultants Limited, 20 River Oaks Place, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
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Wu X, Keegan J, Behan P. Migration analysis of Cr, Ni, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo in internet-bought food serving stainless-steel utensils by ICP-MS and XRF. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2021; 14:256-263. [PMID: 34180783 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2021.1946168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 120 internet bought stainless-steel utensil samples intended for food serving were analysed for their release of Cr, Ni, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo. Samples were extracted using simulants under continuous and discontinuous test conditions, extracts were analysed by ICP-MS, and metallic compositions of utensils were indicated by XRF analysis. r2 values for all analytes were determined between 0.9982 and 0.9997. RSD and WRm values ranged between 4.5-8.5% and 80-107% for all analytes, respectively, and LOD was in the range of 0.11-25.8 µg/l. Migration results show that 35% of total sample types show non-compliance with the SMLs established by the Nordic guidelines. XRF data show good correlation between the metals' migration levels and their respective compositions in the utensil, and toxicological exposure estimates no significant adverse health effects from food served with articles exceeding the SMLs for Fe, Al, and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, TU Dublin City Campus, Dublin, Ireland.,Public Analyst's Laboratory Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Keegan
- Public Analyst's Laboratory Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrice Behan
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, TU Dublin City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Lebelo K, Malebo N, Mochane MJ, Masinde M. Chemical Contamination Pathways and the Food Safety Implications along the Various Stages of Food Production: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5795. [PMID: 34071295 PMCID: PMC8199310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically, chemicals exceeding maximum allowable exposure levels have been disastrous to underdeveloped countries. The global food industry is primarily affected by toxic chemical substances because of natural and anthropogenic factors. Food safety is therefore threatened due to contamination by chemicals throughout the various stages of food production. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the form of pesticides and other chemical substances such as Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have a widely documented negative impact due to their long-lasting effect on the environment. This present review focuses on the chemical contamination pathways along the various stages of food production until the food reaches the consumer. The contamination of food can stem from various sources such as the agricultural sector and pollution from industrialized regions through the air, water, and soil. Therefore, it is imperative to control the application of chemicals during food packaging, the application of pesticides, and antibiotics in the food industry to prevent undesired residues on foodstuffs. Ultimately, the protection of consumers from food-related chemical toxicity depends on stringent efforts from regulatory authorities both in developed and underdeveloped nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgomotso Lebelo
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Ntsoaki Malebo
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Muthoni Masinde
- Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa;
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14
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The Epoxidized Vietnam Rubber Seed Oil as a Secondary Plasticizer/Thermal Stabilizer in PVC Processing. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5525547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epoxidized rubber seed oil (EeRSO) was a mixture of epoxidized triglyceride, and epoxidized methyl ester of free fatty acids was used as a secondary plasticizer for PVC. An increase in tensile properties was observed by substituting the 10 phr DOP plasticizer with the EeRSO in PVC formulation. A leaching test was performed in five media to evaluate the plasticizing effect. The sample weight increased slightly after soaking in water and 30 wt.% acetic solution, decreased slightly in 10 wt.% KOH solution, and reduced sharply and strongly in sunflower oil and n-hexane. The 10 phr EeRSO in PVC formulation has presented an improvement in migration, volatilization characteristics, and thermal property of PVC. After 72 hours of soaking in n-hexane, the shore A hardness of the EeRSO plasticized PVC sample increased by 14.5% while the PVC sample without EeRSO was blistered and its shore A hardness could not be measured. This was the clearest evidence for the positive effect of EeRSO as a secondary plasticizer. The morphology of the fractured surface of the samples after immersing in n-hexane was studied by using scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the role of EeRSO in significant improvement in thermal stability. In general, EeRSO not only acts as a primary plasticizer to improve the migration, extraction, and volatilization characteristics but also contributes to the thermal stability of PVC.
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15
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Li Y, Zhang J. Exposure to lead and cadmium of the Belgian consumers from ceramic food contact articles. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:548-556. [PMID: 33777701 PMCID: PMC7985700 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at estimating the intake of lead and cadmium by the Belgian consumers due to the use of ceramic ware. We adopted refined exposure scenarios with respect to migrant concentration, ceramic ware usage, and metal release characteristics. A deterministic estimation was initially performed, followed by probabilistic estimation, if the deterministic estimate exceeds toxicological reference values. Based on the reference doses established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the risk of lead and cadmium exposure was characterized by the margin of exposure (MOE) and the tolerable weekly intake (TWI), respectively. The probabilistic median and 95th percentile intake of lead were 0.02 and 5.77 μg/kg b.w. per day for adults, and 0.07 and 17.3 μg/kg b.w. per day for children. The MOEs for neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular effects were 7.1, 27 and 64 for average consumers, and 0.02, 0.1 and 0.3 for high consumers. The deterministic mean and 95th percentile intake of cadmium were 0.026 (7% TWI) and 0.03 (8% TWI) μg/kg b.w. per day for adults, and 0.08 (22 % TWI) and 0.09 (25 % TWI) μg/kg b.w. per day for children. Considering the exposure of the Belgian population from foodstuffs resulted in the exceedance of the TWI by as much as 20-fold. The risk of exposure to lead and cadmium of the Belgian consumers suggests measures, such as lowering the migration limits for ceramic ware, should be taken to minimize the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Society, Université Libre De Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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16
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Coltro L, Saron ES, Pessoa TI, Morandi J, Silva BS. Migration of phthalates and 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene from cellulose food packaging. POLIMEROS 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leda Coltro
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Brasil
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17
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Lee HG, Cho CH, Kim HK, Yoo S. Improved physical and mechanical properties of food packaging films containing calcium hydroxide as a CO2 adsorbent by stearic acid addition. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Fasihnia SH, Peighambardoust SH, Peighambardoust SJ, Oromiehie A, Soltanzadeh M, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM. Properties and Application of Multifunctional Composite Polypropylene-Based Films Incorporating a Combination of BHT, BHA and Sorbic Acid in Extending Donut Shelf-Life. Molecules 2020; 25:E5197. [PMID: 33171666 PMCID: PMC7664697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To extend the shelf-life of packaged donut without the addition of preservative, polypropylene-based active composite films loaded with a combination of sorbic acid, BHA and BHT were prepared by the extrusion moulding method: T1 (Control-pure PP-film), T2 (PP-BHT1%-SA2%), T3 (PP-BHA3%-SA2%) and T4 (PP-BHT1%-BHA1%-SA2%). The incorporation of active additives enhanced water vapour permeability (WVP) and increased oxygen permeability of films. Active films had higher antioxidant activity than pure PP in the order T4 > T2 > T3 (89.11, 83.40 and 79.16%). In vitro examinations demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and S. aureus growth. Overall migration was not significantly different for watery food simulants, while in acidic and fatty foods increased it significantly. The effect of the active films on the fried and packaged donut samples showed significantly higher moisture contents and peroxide values, while acidity was lower. T2 film is proposed due to the preservation of the intrinsic properties of the film, increasing the storage period up to 25 to 50 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Homa Fasihnia
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | | | | | - Abdulrasoul Oromiehie
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Southern Tehran Branch, Tehran 1584743311, Iran
| | - Maral Soltanzadeh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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19
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Fasihnia SH, Peighambardoust SH, Peighambardoust SJ, Oromiehie A, Soltanzadeh M, Peressini D. Migration analysis, antioxidant, and mechanical characterization of polypropylene-based active food packaging films loaded with BHA, BHT, and TBHQ. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2317-2328. [PMID: 32686157 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) based active composite films were prepared by adding butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and tertiary butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidants using the extrusion molding process. All concentrations of BHT, 2% to 3% BHA, and 3% TBHQ significantly increased the tensile strength (TS) of the composite films compared with control films. Increasing antioxidant concentration decreased TS values for BHT films, whereas an opposite trend was observed for BHA and TBHQ films. BHA at < 2%, BHT at > 2%, and TBHQ at all added concentrations significantly reduced elongation at break (Eb ) of the composite films compared to control films. Water vapor permeability (WVP) of 1% BHT film was not significantly different from control. However, other antioxidants especially at increased concentrations significantly increased WVP values. TBHQ films with 300% to 662% increase had the highest WVP and BHT films with 5% to 81% increase had the lowest WVP among composite films. All three antioxidants had a negative effect on the transparency of the films; however the effect of BHA at higher concentrations was greater. The antioxidants did not change the color attributes of the films. Films containing all antioxidants showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, which increased with increase in their concentration, especially for those containing 3 wt.% BHT and TBHQ. Overall, incorporating BHA and BHT into a PP matrix improved mechanical, barrier, antioxidant properties, and film appearance and consequently were proposed for the development of antioxidant active PP films. TBHQ film is not recommended for food packaging because of its weak mechanical properties (lower Eb and TS values, higher WVP, and greater migration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Homa Fasihnia
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R. Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Peighambardoust
- Prof. of Food Technology, Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R. Iran
| | - Seyed Jamaleddin Peighambardoust
- Associate Prof. of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R. Iran
| | - Abdulrasoul Oromiehie
- Associate Prof. of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, 1584743311, I.R. Iran
| | - Maral Soltanzadeh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R. Iran
| | - Donatella Peressini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, Udine, UD, 33100, Italy
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20
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Tsochatzis ED, Alberto Lopes J, Hoekstra E, Emons H. Development and validation of a multi-analyte GC-MS method for the determination of 84 substances from plastic food contact materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5419-5434. [PMID: 32583214 PMCID: PMC7387375 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical substances shall not migrate from food contact materials (FCM) at levels that are potentially harmful for the consumers. Each of the current analytical methods applied to verify the migration of substances from FCM covers only one or few substances. There is a very limited number of publications on the development of analytical methods allowing the simultaneous determination of several classes of FCM substances, and almost none of them reported methods entirely dedicated to the ones in the positive list of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 for plastic FCMs. Therefore, a simple, sensitive and reliable multi-analyte method was developed for the analysis of FCM substances in food simulants. It employs an optimised liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane as extraction solvent in the presence of 10% m/v NaCl, followed by quantitative analysis with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A combination of total ion chromatograms (TICs) and extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) was used. The optimisation and validation of the method have been carried out according to current international guidelines. Adequate sensitivity was demonstrated in the selected concentration ranges for most of the analytes, with limits of quantification (LOQs) at least three times lower than the legislative limit, when existing. The results showed that the method is sufficiently accurate for the majority of substances, with recoveries between 70 and 115% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) smaller than 20% at three concentration levels. The method was applied to the analysis of some FCM multilayers. The method allows, for the first time, the simultaneous quantification of 84 FCM substances in two of the official food simulants (A and C) at levels of a few ng g−1. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joao Alberto Lopes
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Retieseweg 111, 2440, Geel, Belgium.
| | - Eddo Hoekstra
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Hendrik Emons
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Retieseweg 111, 2440, Geel, Belgium
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21
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Marć M. Emissions of selected monoaromatic hydrocarbons as a factor affecting the removal of single-use polymer barbecue and kitchen utensils from everyday use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137485. [PMID: 32135294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main focus of this study is the emission of monoaromatic hydrocarbons because these are the preliminary factors of potential solvent and monomer residues present in single-use plastic barbecue and kitchen utensils comprising polystyrene, polypropylene, natural cellulose, and biodegradable polymers intended for use with hot meal or beverages. Herein, the emissions of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (styrene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds and the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)) from nine types of disposable plastic utensils are reported. Seventy two samples of single-use plastic utensils were conditioned at 40 and 80 °C using a stationary emission microchamber system. The average TVOC released from the studied polystyrene, polypropylene, and natural or biodegradable utensils were (2.3 ± 1.3), (1.01 ± 0.15), and (0.48 ± 0.37) μg g-1, respectively, at 40 °C and (11.1 ± 1.2), (46.1 ± 9.5), and (5.5 ± 1.1) μg g-1, respectively, at 80 °C. Significant emissions of styrene (ranged from 3.5 up to 15.3 × 103 ng∙g-1), toluene (from 2.8 up to 0.53 × 103 ng∙g-1), and ethylbenzene (from 3.7 up to 5.7 × 103 ng∙g-1) from the studied samples were observed, especially at 80 °C. Thus, elevated temperatures increase the potential emission of solvent and monomer residues from plastics and could affect the quality of consumed meals or beverages, such as taste. Additionally, to determine the possible interactions between the measured chemical compounds in the plastic utensils, the Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Marć
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland.
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22
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Abstract
Chemical contaminants should not be present in beverages for human consumption, but could eventually be ingested by consumers as they may appear naturally from the environment or be produced by anthropogenic sources. These contaminants could belong to many different chemical sources, including heavy metals, amines, bisphenols, phthalates, pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, inks, ethyl carbamate, and others. It is well known that these hazardous chemicals in beverages can represent a severe threat by the potential risk of generating diseases to humans if no strict quality control is applied during beverages processing. This review compiles the most updated knowledge of the presence of potential contaminants in various types of beverages (both alcoholic and non-alcoholic), as well as in their containers, to prevent undesired migration. Special attention is given to the extraction and pre-concentration techniques applied to these samples, as well as to the analytical techniques necessary for the determination of chemicals with a potential contaminant effect. Finally, an overview of the current legislation is carried out, as well as future trends of research in this field.
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23
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Assessment of baby Bibs. GC-MS screening, migration into saliva and insight of toxicity with QSAR tools. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Li Y, Liu H, Wu X, Wu T, Qiu C, Zhang S, Liu H. Positively charged covalent organic framework and its application in the dispersive solid-phase extraction of ultraviolet-filters from food packaging material migrants. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1701013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
| | - Chunpeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
| | - Shijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, P.R. China
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25
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El-Toony MM, Eid G, Algarni H. Estimation of hazardous materials in water and their toxicity levels in Mahayel Aseer, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:779. [PMID: 31784811 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the different water sources available in Mahayel Aseer, KSA, chemically, toxicology and microbiologically. Several water samples, such as tap water, differentially desalinated water and bottled water, were analysed. Moreover, different metal ions and anions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, lead, cadmium, manganese, bicarbonate, fluoride, chloride, sulphate, nitrate and nitrite, were evaluated and assessed for human health. Bacterial and fungal pollutions arising from various water sources were also investigated. This study was conducted on polymer bottles and the best storage conditions. In order to acquire purified water safe for human consumption, certain recommendations pertaining to the steps of water treatment can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M El-Toony
- Chemistry Dept., King Khaled Univ., Tohama Branch, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gh Eid
- Physics Dept., King Khaled Univ., Tohama Branch, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Algarni
- Physics Dept., King Khaled Univ., Tohama Branch, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Zhu H, Kannan K. Melamine and cyanuric acid in foodstuffs from the United States and their implications for human exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104950. [PMID: 31252165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We determined the concentrations of melamine, ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid in meat, fish and seafood, cereal products, beverages, cooking oil, and vegetables (n = 121) collected from Albany, New York, United States. In addition, food packaging (n = 24) and animal feed (n = 12) were analyzed to determine the sources of melamine and its derivatives in foods. Among the six categories of foods analyzed, median concentrations of ∑melamine (sum of melamine and its three derivatives) in meat (23.6 ng/g fresh weight; fw) and cereal products (20.9 ng/g fw) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in other food categories (<5.03 ng/g fw). Cyanuric acid and melamine were the major compounds, accounting for 51% and 26% of the total ∑melamine concentrations, respectively. ∑melamine was found ubiquitously in food packaging (median: 36.2 ng/g fw) and animal feed (56.5 ng/g fw), which are two important sources of melamine found in foodstuffs. The median estimated daily dietary intakes (including concentrations reported for dairy products in our previous study) of melamine and cyanuric acid were in the ranges of 13.4-72.7 and 75.4-347 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively, for various age groups. Dairy products, cereal products, and meat were major sources of dietary melamine (~76%) and cyanuric acid (~95%) exposure. The calculated hazard quotients for dietary exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid were well below 1.0, which suggested minimal risk from current exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, United States; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Xu L, Yan S, Fu J, Li J, Xie J. Study on plasticization and flame retardancy of phosphorus‐containing branched polybutylene adipate in poly (vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road Baoding 071002 Hebei Province China
| | - Shun Yan
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road Baoding 071002 Hebei Province China
| | - Jinyu Fu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road Baoding 071002 Hebei Province China
| | - Jiekang Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road Baoding 071002 Hebei Province China
| | - Jixing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road Baoding 071002 Hebei Province China
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Sustaita-Rodríguez A, Rocha-Gutiérrez BA, García-Triana A, Ramos-Sánchez VH, Beltrán-Piña BG, Chávez-Flores D. Epoxidación enzimática de metil ésteres de ácidos grasos de origen vegetal y sus aplicaciones como alternativa para sustituir a los derivados del petróleo. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2019. [DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2019.0.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recientemente, la modificación de aceites vegetales para obtener ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (FAMEs) o biodiesel ha emergido como una alternativa para la sustitución de los derivados del petróleo, esto debido a los problemas ambientales y de salud que genera su uso. Debido a su estructura química es posible epoxidar estas moléculas y usarlas directamente para producir plastificantes o lubricantes. Sin embargo, éstas también pueden ser sujetas a modificaciones para mejorar sus propiedades y el de servir como intermediarias para la síntesis de poliuretanos. Puesto que los métodos convencionales para la producción de epóxidos también son una fuente potencial de contaminación, se ha sugerido el uso de catalizadores enzimáticos como una alternativa sostenible o “Verde” para su preparación, ya que permiten obtener productos con alta pureza y mejores rendimientos. Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura disponible centrándose en la epoxidación enzimática de los FAMEs, así como sus principales aplicaciones.
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García Ibarra V, Sendón R, Bustos J, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A. Estimates of dietary exposure of Spanish population to packaging contaminants from cereal based foods contained in plastic materials. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:180-192. [PMID: 30974151 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Food packaging may be a potential source of contamination, through the migration of chemicals from the packaging into the food, thus food consumption is an important route of human exposure to packaging contaminants. In the present study an approach to estimate the exposure to different chemicals transferred from food packaging was designed. As a first step a GC-MS screening was conducted to identify potential contaminants in the materials. Secondly, different chemicals previously identified in the packaging materials were selected for exposure assessment. The proposed methodology was applied to cereal based foods packed with plastic packaging. A variety of chemicals including e.g. acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) among others were identified and analyzed in the foodstuffs. For this purpose a LC-MS/MS method was developed. The selected foodstuffs were pooled into three groups according to the population age (12-35 months, 3-9 years and 10-17 years) and based on the Spanish consumption data (Enalia). In general, ATBC mean exposure was higher than that of phthalates and DEHA for the three groups considered, with mean dietary exposure values ranging from 1.01 μg/kg bw/day (pool 12-35 months) to 2.01 μg/kg bw/day (pool 3-9 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica García Ibarra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Centre, Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, 28220, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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30
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The behaviour of Tenax as food simulant in the migration of polymer additives from food contact materials by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and PARAFAC. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1589:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Water drop-surface interactions as the basis for the design of anti-fogging surfaces: Theory, practice, and applications trends. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 263:68-94. [PMID: 30521982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glass- and polymer-based materials have become essential in the fabrication of a multitude of elements, including eyeglasses, automobile windshields, bathroom mirrors, greenhouses, and food packages, which unfortunately mist up under typical operating conditions. Far from being an innocuous phenomenon, the formation of minute water drops on the surface is detrimental to their optical properties (e.g., light-transmitting capability) and, in many cases, results in esthetical, hygienic, and safety concerns. In this context, it is therefore not surprising that research in the field of fog-resistant surfaces is gaining in popularity, particularly in recent years, in view of the growing number of studies focusing on this topic. This review addresses the most relevant advances released thus far on anti-fogging surfaces, with a particular focus on coating deposition, surface micro/nanostructuring, and surface functionalization. A brief explanation of how surfaces fog up and the main issues of interest linked to fogging phenomenon, including common problems, anti-fogging strategies, and wetting states are first presented. Anti-fogging mechanisms are then discussed in terms of the morphology of water drops, continuing with a description of the main fabrication techniques toward anti-fogging property. This review concludes with the current and the future perspectives on the utility of anti-fogging surfaces for several applications and some remaining challenges in this field.
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32
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Viglianisi C, Menichetti S, Morelli P, Baschieri A, Amorati R. From catechol‐tocopherol to catechol‐hydroquinone polyphenolic antioxidant hybrids. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Viglianisi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Paola Morelli
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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33
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Fasihnia SH, Peighambardoust SH, Peighambardoust SJ, Oromiehie A. Development of novel active polypropylene based packaging films containing different concentrations of sorbic acid. Food Packag Shelf Life 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Szczepańska N, Kudłak B, Namieśnik J. Recent advances in assessing xenobiotics migrating from packaging material – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1023:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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35
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Assessment of Dairy Product Safety Supervision in Sales Link: A Fuzzy-ANP Comprehensive Evaluation Method. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1389879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An evaluation index system is developed to assess food safety supervision in the sales links of dairy products. Evaluation research is conducted using the fuzzy-ANP comprehensive evaluation model to assess the product safety supervision of dairy products in the sales link based on 307,705 survey data acquired from 1,501 online and offline dairy businesses in China. Evaluation results show that (1) the overall situation of dairy product safety supervision in the sales link is encumbered by the fact that the online situation of dairy product safety supervision in the sales link is general. It does not achieve a relatively good level; (2) the investment in food safety supervision of dairy products in the sales link is insufficient for the online e-commerce platforms. Especially, the processes of reviewing and approving relevant business sales qualification must be improved; (3) online business types do not directly determine the situation of dairy product safety supervision in the sales link, but the operating environment, sales staff quality, and warehousing management are common regulatory weaknesses; and (4) for offline provinces, the level of economic development can affect the situation of dairy product safety supervision in the sales link. Aside from emphasizing sales qualifications, economically backward provinces should improve the supervision of the operating environment, sales equipment, sanitary status of workers, and other aspects.
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36
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Aneck-Hahn NH, Van Zijl MC, Swart P, Truebody B, Genthe B, Charmier J, Jager CD. Estrogenic activity, selected plasticizers and potential health risks associated with bottled water in South Africa. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:253-262. [PMID: 29676761 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are present in bottled water from various countries. In South Africa (SA), increased bottled water consumption and concomitant increases in plastic packaging create important consequences for public health. This study aimed to screen SA bottled water for estrogenic activity, selected target chemicals and assessing potential health risks. Ten bottled water brands were exposed to 20 °C and 40 °C over 10 days. Estrogenic activity was assessed using the recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES) and the T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay. Solid phase extracts of samples were analyzed for bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), selected phthalates, bisphenol-A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and ethynylestradiol (EE2) using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry. Using a scenario-based health risk assessment, human health risks associated with bottled water consumption were evaluated. Estrogenic activity was detected at 20 °C (n = 2) and at 40 °C (n = 8). Estradiol equivalent (EEq) values ranged from 0.001 to 0.003 ng/L. BPA concentrations ranged from 0.9 ng/L to 10.06 ng/L. Although EEqs and BPA concentrations were higher in bottled water stored at 40 °C compared to 20 °C, samples posed an acceptable risk for a lifetime of exposure. Irrespective of temperature, bottled water from SA contained chemicals with acceptable health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H Aneck-Hahn
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa E-mail: ; Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Magdalena C Van Zijl
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa E-mail: ; Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Pieter Swart
- Central Analytical Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Barry Truebody
- Central Analytical Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Bettina Genthe
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research: Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Jessica Charmier
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research: Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Christiaan De Jager
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa E-mail:
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37
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Zaki G, Shoeib T. Concentrations of several phthalates contaminants in Egyptian bottled water: Effects of storage conditions and estimate of human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:142-150. [PMID: 29127870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and concentrations of six common phthalates were investigated for the first time in bottled water locally produced in the Egyptian market. The compounds investigated were dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), and Di-n-octyl phthalate (D-n-OP). A set of 108 bottled water samples from six different commercial brands of water bottled in transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles with high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic caps were investigated. Water samples were analyzed immediately after purchasing (~2weeks after production), after being stored at room temperature (25±5°C), in a refrigerator (4±1°C) and outdoor under sun exposure (daylight temperature of 40±5°C). Samples were stored up to six months depending on the tested condition. Among the target compounds, only DEHP and DBP were detected in the samples analyzed immediately after purchasing with a detection frequency of 50 and 58% and mean concentrations of 0.104 and 0.082μgl-1 respectively. Significant positive correlation was obtained between the storage time, temperature and the concentration of phthalate compounds detected in the bottled water, indicating possible migration from the PET plastic material as the source. The estimated contribution of bottled water consumption to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) levels of the two most abundant phthalates observed here for adults and toddlers did not exceed 0.16 and 0.72% for DBP while these values were 0.04 and 0.16% for DEHP respectively. These estimated daily intake values from PET bottled water consumption were far below their respective TDI values and therefore should constitute no adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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38
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Hosney H, Nadiem B, Ashour I, Mustafa I, El-Shibiny A. Epoxidized vegetable oil and bio-based materials as PVC plasticizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Hosney
- Environmental Engineering Program; Zewail City of Science and Technology; Shiekh Ziad City Egypt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Minia University; El-Minia Egypt
| | - Bassant Nadiem
- Environmental Engineering Program; Zewail City of Science and Technology; Shiekh Ziad City Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Ashour
- Environmental Engineering Program; Zewail City of Science and Technology; Shiekh Ziad City Egypt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Minia University; El-Minia Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Mustafa
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering; Helwan University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Biomedical Science program; Zewail city of Science and Technology; Shiekh Ziad City Egypt
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39
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Ciobotaru IA, Ciobotaru IE, Vaireanu DI, Benga FM. Food-packaging interactions investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Alina Ciobotaru
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street; Bucharest 011061 Romania
| | - Irina-Elena Ciobotaru
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection, 294 Splaiul Independentei; Bucharest 060031 Romania
| | - Danut-Ionel Vaireanu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street; Bucharest 011061 Romania
| | - Florin-Mihai Benga
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street; Bucharest 011061 Romania
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40
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Zhong Y, Liu S, Huang C, Li X, Chen L, Li L, Zhu J. Effect of amylose/amylopectin ratio of esterified starch-based films on inhibition of plasticizer migration during microwave heating. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Migration of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di- n -butylphthalate (DBP) from polypropylene food containers. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Fang X, Vitrac O. Predicting diffusion coefficients of chemicals in and through packaging materials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:275-312. [PMID: 25831407 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.849654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Most of the physicochemical properties in polymers such as activity and partition coefficients, diffusion coefficients, and their activation with temperature are accessible to direct calculations from first principles. Such predictions are particularly relevant for food packaging as they can be used (1) to demonstrate the compliance or safety of numerous polymer materials and of their constitutive substances (e.g. additives, residues…), when they are used: as containers, coatings, sealants, gaskets, printing inks, etc. (2) or to predict the indirect contamination of food by pollutants (e.g. from recycled polymers, storage ambiance…) (3) or to assess the plasticization of materials in contact by food constituents (e.g. fat matter, aroma…). This review article summarizes the classical and last mechanistic descriptions of diffusion in polymers and discusses the reliability of semi-empirical approaches used for compliance testing both in EU and US. It is concluded that simulation of diffusion in or through polymers is not limited to worst-case assumptions but could also be applied to real cases for risk assessment, designing packaging with low leaching risk or to synthesize plastic additives with low diffusion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Fang
- a AgroParisTech, UMR 1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments , Massy , France.,b INRA, UMR 1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments , Massy , France
| | - Olivier Vitrac
- a AgroParisTech, UMR 1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments , Massy , France.,b INRA, UMR 1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments , Massy , France
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43
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Van Bossuyt M, Van Hoeck E, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Mertens B. Printed paper and board food contact materials as a potential source of food contamination. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Zhu J, Li L, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang B. Multi-scale structural changes of starch-based material during microwave and conventional heating. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:270-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Migration kinetics of primary aromatic amines from polyamide kitchenware: Easy and fast screening procedure using fluorescence. Talanta 2016; 160:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Menichetti S, Amorati R, Meoni V, Tofani L, Caminati G, Viglianisi C. Role of Noncovalent Sulfur···Oxygen Interactions in Phenoxyl Radical Stabilization: Synthesis of Super Tocopherol-like Antioxidants. Org Lett 2016; 18:5464-5467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menichetti
- Department
of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department
of Chemistry “Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Meoni
- Department
of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Department
of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Caminati
- Department
of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Department
of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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47
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Zhang S, Sheng C, Zhang J, Li Y, You J. Gas Purge Microsyringe Extraction Coupled with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Acidic Compounds in Food Packaging Materials. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Fantke P, Ernstoff AS, Huang L, Csiszar SA, Jolliet O. Coupled near-field and far-field exposure assessment framework for chemicals in consumer products. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:508-518. [PMID: 27318619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans can be exposed to chemicals in consumer products through product use and environmental emissions over the product life cycle. Exposure pathways are often complex, where chemicals can transfer directly from products to humans during use or exchange between various indoor and outdoor compartments until sub-fractions reach humans. To consistently evaluate exposure pathways along product life cycles, a flexible mass balance-based assessment framework is presented structuring multimedia chemical transfers in a matrix of direct inter-compartmental transfer fractions. By matrix inversion, we quantify cumulative multimedia transfer fractions and exposure pathway-specific product intake fractions defined as chemical mass taken in by humans per unit mass of chemical in a product. Combining product intake fractions with chemical mass in the product yields intake estimates for use in life cycle impact assessment and chemical alternatives assessment, or daily intake doses for use in risk-based assessment and high-throughput screening. Two illustrative examples of chemicals used in personal care products and flooring materials demonstrate how this matrix-based framework offers a consistent and efficient way to rapidly compare exposure pathways for adult and child users and for the general population. This framework constitutes a user-friendly approach to develop, compare and interpret multiple human exposure scenarios in a coupled system of near-field ('user' environment), far-field and human intake compartments, and helps understand the contribution of individual pathways to overall human exposure in various product application contexts to inform decisions in different science-policy fields for which exposure quantification is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Alexi S Ernstoff
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lei Huang
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Susan A Csiszar
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education hosted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Olivier Jolliet
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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49
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Jeddi MZ, Rastkari N, Ahmadkhaniha R, Yunesian M. Endocrine disruptor phthalates in bottled water: daily exposure and health risk assessment in pregnant and lactating women. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:534. [PMID: 27557841 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the consumption of water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has considerably increased, raising concerns over water quality and packaged materials. This study aims to investigate the levels of the anti-androgenic phthalates including bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), in bottled water and its corresponding health risks in pregnant and lactating women. The phthalate levels were measured in six different brands of bottled water exposed to temperatures ranging between -18 and 40 °C and sunlight for 45 days. The phthalate was quantified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the non-carcinogenic effects were assessed using hazard quotient (HQ) approach, and cumulative health risk assessment was performed on the basis of hazard index (HI) calculation. In order to assess the carcinogenic risk due to the possible carcinogen DEHP (group 2B), the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was used. DEHP and DBP contaminants were detected at different storage conditions in all of the bottled water samples during the storage time. BBP was only detected at high temperature (≥25 °C) and outdoor conditions. The maximum concentrations of all phthalates were observed when water samples were kept at 40 °C. In contrast, storage at freezing conditions had no significant effect on the concentration level of all phthalates. The estimated intake by women was between 0.0021 μg/kg/day for BBP and 0.07 μg/kg/day for DEHP. The highest HQ for phthalate intake via bottled water consumption was much lower than 1 (HQ < 0.004), which implies that adverse effects are very unlikely to occur. The execution of a cumulative risk assessment for combined phthalate exposure demonstrated that the HIs for anti-androgenic effect were lower than 1 in all of the conditions. Furthermore, ELCR for DEHP based on the highest detected level was found to be less than 10(-6), which is considered acceptable. Our results prove that the levels of phthalates in bottled water are not a health concern for pregnant and lactating women. Consequently, PET-bottled water is not a major contributor to phthalate intake for most individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare Jeddi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadkhaniha
- Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Center for water quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Suciu N, Tediosi A, Ciffroy P, Altenpohl A, Brochot C, Verdonck F, Ferrari F, Giubilato E, Capri E, Fait G. Potential for MERLIN-Expo, an advanced tool for higher tier exposure assessment, within the EU chemical legislative frameworks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:474-479. [PMID: 27107646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MERLIN-Expo merges and integrates advanced exposure assessment methodologies, allowing the building of complex scenarios involving several pollution sources and targets. The assessment of exposure and risks to human health from chemicals is of major concern for policy and ultimately benefits all citizens. The development and operational fusion of the advanced exposure assessment methodologies envisaged in the MERLIN-Expo tool will have a significant impact in the long term on several policies dealing with chemical safety management. There are more than 30 agencies in Europe related to exposure and risk evaluation of chemicals, which have an important role in implementing EU policies, having especially tasks of technical, scientific, operational and/or regulatory nature. The main purpose of the present paper is to introduce MERLIN-Expo and to highlight its potential for being effectively integrated within the group of tools available to assess the risk and exposure of chemicals for EU policy. The main results show that the tool is highly suitable for use in site-specific or local impact assessment, with minor modifications it can also be used for Plant Protection Products (PPPs), biocides and REACH, while major additions would be required for a comprehensive application in the field of consumer and worker exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Suciu
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | | | - Philippe Ciffroy
- Electricité de France (EDF) R&D, National Hydraulic and Environment Laboratory, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France
| | - Annette Altenpohl
- Österreichisches Normungsinstitut/Austrian Standards Institute, Heinestraße 38, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | - Céline Brochot
- INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Elisa Giubilato
- University Ca Foscari Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - Ettore Capri
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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