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Li Y, Zheng L, Mustafa G, Shao Z, Liu H, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Xu C, Wang T, Zheng J, Meng F, Wang Q. Enhancing post-harvest quality of tomato fruits with chitosan oligosaccharide-zinc oxide nanocomposites: A study on biocompatibility, quality improvement, and carotenoid enhancement. Food Chem 2024; 454:139685. [PMID: 38795629 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new composite with combination of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), termed Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites (COS-ZnO NC), was designed to enhance the quality of tomato fruits during postharvest storage. SEM analysis showed a uniform distribution of COS-ZnO NC films on tomato surfaces, indicating high biocompatibility, while the FTIR spectrum confirmed the interaction of COS and ZnO NPs via hydrogen bonds. The COS-ZnO NC exerts positive effects on post-harvest quality of tomato fruits, including significantly reduced water loss, fewer skin wrinkles, increased sugar-acid ratio, and enhanced vitamin C and carotenoids accumulation. Furthermore, COS-ZnO NC induces transcription of carotenoid biosynthesis genes and promotes carotenoids storage in the chromoplast. These results suggest that the COS-ZnO NC film can significantly improve the quality traits of tomato fruits, and therefore is potential in post-harvest storage of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuening Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tonglin Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jirong Zheng
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Paul J, Qamar A, Ahankari SS, Thomas S, Dufresne A. Chitosan-based aerogels: A new paradigm of advanced green materials for remediation of contaminated water. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122198. [PMID: 38763724 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) aerogels are highly porous (∼99 %), exhibit ultralow density, and are excellent sorbents for removing ionic pollutants and oils/organic solvents from water. Their abundant hydroxyl and amino groups facilitate the adsorption of ionic pollutants through electrostatic interaction, complexation and chelation mechanisms. Selection of suitable surface wettability is the way to separate oils/organic solvents from water. This review summarizes the most recent developments in improving the adsorption performance, mechanical strength and regeneration of CS aerogels. The structure of the paper follows the extraction of chitosan, preparation and sorption characteristics of CS aerogels for heavy metal ions, organic dyes, and oils/organic solvents, sequentially. A detailed analysis of the parameters that influence the adsorption/absorption performance of CS aerogels is carried out and their effective control for improving the performance is suggested. The analysis of research outcomes of the recently published data came up with some interesting facts that the unidirectional pore structure and characteristics of the functional group of the aerogel and pH of the adsorbate have led to the enhanced adsorption performance of the CS aerogel. Finally, the excerpts of the literature survey highlighting the difficulties and potential of CS aerogels for water remediation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyel Paul
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ahsan Qamar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sandeep S Ahankari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Polymer Science and Technology, IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; School of Nanoscience, IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; School of Energy Science, IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; School of Chemical Sciences, IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alain Dufresne
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Li X, Zhu Q, Pang K, Lang Z. Effective removal of Rhodamine B using the hydrothermal carbonization and citric acid modification of furfural industrial processing waste. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3303-3314. [PMID: 37194688 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2215451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the removal of RhB from water by furfural residue (FR) biochar was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and citric acid (CA) modification and named this biochar as CHFR (C refers to citric acid, H refers to hydrothermal carbonization and FR is furfural residue). The CHFR were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XPS, and CHFR was investigated by the effects of initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time on the removal of RhB, and the experimental data were analyzed using the adsorption isotherm models, the adsorption kinetic models and thermodynamics, et al. The results showed that CHFR has strong adsorption performance, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of RhB was 39.46 mg·g-1 under the reaction conditions of pH3, the dosage of 1.5 g·L-1, and 120 min contact time, with a removal efficiency close to 100%. the adsorption of RhB by CHFR is spontaneous and endothermic, which is consistent with the Freundlich adsorption, and the isotherm model fits well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption rate could still be as high as 92.74% after five regenerations, therefore, CHFR is an environmentally friendly and efficient adsorbent with excellent adsorption regeneration performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials, Resource and Environment Major, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials, Resource and Environment Major, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials, Resource and Environment Major, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials, Resource and Environment Major, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Mao M, Ahrens L, Luka J, Contreras F, Kurkina T, Bienstein M, Sárria Pereira de Passos M, Schirinzi G, Mehn D, Valsesia A, Desmet C, Serra MÁ, Gilliland D, Schwaneberg U. Material-specific binding peptides empower sustainable innovations in plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and microplastic quantification. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6445-6510. [PMID: 38747901 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Material-binding peptides (MBPs) have emerged as a diverse and innovation-enabling class of peptides in applications such as plant-/human health, immobilization of catalysts, bioactive coatings, accelerated polymer degradation and analytics for micro-/nanoplastics quantification. Progress has been fuelled by recent advancements in protein engineering methodologies and advances in computational and analytical methodologies, which allow the design of, for instance, material-specific MBPs with fine-tuned binding strength for numerous demands in material science applications. A genetic or chemical conjugation of second (biological, chemical or physical property-changing) functionality to MBPs empowers the design of advanced (hybrid) materials, bioactive coatings and analytical tools. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview comprising naturally occurring MBPs and their function in nature, binding properties of short man-made MBPs (<20 amino acids) mainly obtained from phage-display libraries, and medium-sized binding peptides (20-100 amino acids) that have been reported to bind to metals, polymers or other industrially produced materials. The goal of this review is to provide an in-depth understanding of molecular interactions between materials and material-specific binding peptides, and thereby empower the use of MBPs in material science applications. Protein engineering methodologies and selected examples to tailor MBPs toward applications in agriculture with a focus on plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and environmental monitoring serve as examples of the transformative power of MBPs for various industrial applications. An emphasis will be given to MBPs' role in detecting and quantifying microplastics in high throughput, distinguishing microplastics from other environmental particles, and thereby assisting to close an analytical gap in food safety and monitoring of environmental plastic pollution. In essence, this review aims to provide an overview among researchers from diverse disciplines in respect to material-(specific) binding of MBPs, protein engineering methodologies to tailor their properties to application demands, re-engineering for material science applications using MBPs, and thereby inspire researchers to employ MBPs in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Mao
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leon Ahrens
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Julian Luka
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Francisca Contreras
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Kurkina
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marian Bienstein
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Li A, Ma B, Hua S, Ping R, Ding L, Tian B, Zhang X. Chitosan-based injectable hydrogel with multifunction for wound healing: A critical review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121952. [PMID: 38494217 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Different types of clinical wounds are difficult to treat while infected by bacteria. Wound repair involves multiple cellular and molecular interactions, which is a complicated process. However, wound repair often suffers from abnormal cellular functions or pathways that result in unavoidable side effects, so there is an urgent need for a material that can heal wounds quickly and with few side effects. Based on these needs, hydrogels with injectable properties have been confirmed to be able to undergo self-healing, which provides favorable conditions for wound healing. Notably, as a biopolymer with excellent easy-to-modify properties from a wide range of natural sources, chitosan can be used to prepare injectable hydrogel with multifunction for wound healing because of its outstanding flowability and injectability. Especially, chitosan-based hydrogels with marked biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and bio-adhesion properties are ideal for facilitating wound healing. In this review, the characteristics and healing mechanisms of different wounds are briefly summarized. In addition, the preparation and characterization of injectable chitosan hydrogels in recent years are classified. Additionally, the bioactive properties of this type of hydrogel in vitro and in vivo are demonstrated, and future trend in wound healing is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of Day Ward, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yinchuan Guolong Orthopedic Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Shiyao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Rui Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Bingren Tian
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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He Y, Zhang C, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang Q. Plasma-activated water improves the accessibility of chitinase to chitin by decreasing molecular weight and breaking crystal structure. Carbohydr Res 2024; 540:109144. [PMID: 38733729 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides, the hydrolysis products of chitin, have superior biological activities and application value to those of chitin itself; however, the ordered and highly crystalline structure of chitin renders its degradation by chitinase difficult. Herein, the effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) pre-treatment on the physicochemical properties, crystal structure, and enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin were investigated. The hydrolysis of PAW-pre-treated chitin (PAW activation time of 5 min) using chitinase from Vibrio harveyi (VhChit2) yielded 71 % more reducing sugar, compared with that from untreated chitin, with the degree of chitin hydrolysis increasing from 13 % without pre-treatment to 23 % post-treatment. Moreover, the amount of VhChit2 adsorbed by chitin increased from 41.7 to 58.2 mg/g. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry revealed that PAW could break the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds of chitin (but had no effects on the hydrogen and amido bonds), thereby decreasing the molecular weight and crystallinity of the polysaccharide, which caused its structural damage and enhanced its enzymatic hydrolysis by chitinase. Consequently, PAW pre-treatment can be considered a simple, effective, and environmentally-friendly method for the biotransformation of chitin as its easier hydrolysis yields high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China.
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7
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Marques LP, Bernardo YAA, Conte-Junior CA. Applications of high-intensity ultrasound on shrimp: Potential, constraints, and prospects in the extraction and retrieval of bioactive compounds, safety, and quality. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3148-3166. [PMID: 38685866 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The global shrimp market holds substantial prominence within the food industry, registering a significant USD 24.7 billion in worldwide exportation in 2020. However, the production of a safe and high-quality product requires consideration of various factors, including the potential for allergenic reactions, occurrences of foodborne outbreaks, and risks of spoilage. Additionally, the exploration of the recovery of bioactive compounds (e.g., astaxanthin [AX], polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides) from shrimp waste demands focused attention. Within this framework, this review seeks to comprehend and assess the utilization of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS), both as a standalone method and combined with other technologies, within the shrimp industry. The objective is to evaluate its applications, limitations, and prospects, with a specific emphasis on delineating the impact of sonication parameters (e.g., power, time, and temperature) on various applications. This includes an examination of undesirable effects and identifying areas of interest for current and prospective research. HIUS has demonstrated promise in enhancing the extraction of bioactive compounds, such as AX, lipids, and chitin, while concurrently addressing concerns such as allergen reduction (e.g., tropomyosin), inactivation of pathogens (e.g., Vibrio parahaemolyticus), and quality improvement, manifesting in reduced melanosis scores and improved peelability. Nonetheless, potential impediments, particularly related to oxidation processes, especially those associated with lipids, pose a hindrance to its widespread implementation, potentially impacting texture properties. Consequently, further optimization studies remain imperative. Moreover, novel applications of sonication in shrimp processing, including brining, thawing, and drying, represent a promising avenue for expanding the utilization of HIUS in the shrimp industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P Marques
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yago A A Bernardo
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry (PPGBq), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Li B, Cui J, Xu T, Xu Y, Long M, Li J, Liu M, Yang T, Du Y, Xu Q. Advances in the preparation, characterization, and biological functions of chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121914. [PMID: 38431416 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), which represent the positively charged basic amino oligosaccharide in nature, is the deacetylated and degraded products of chitin. COS has become the focus of intensive scientific investigation, with a growing body of practical and clinical studies highlighting its remarkable health-enhancing benefits. These effects encompass a wide range of properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. With the rapid advancements in chemical modification technology for oligosaccharides, many COS derivatives have been synthesized and investigated. These newly developed derivatives possess more stable chemical structures, improved biological activities, and find applications across a broader spectrum of fields. Given the recent interest in the chemical modification of COS, this comprehensive review seeks to consolidate knowledge regarding the preparation methods for COS derivatives, alongside discussions on their structural characterization. Additionally, various biological activities of COS derivatives have been discussed in detail. Lastly, the potential applications of COS derivatives in biomedicine have been reviewed and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jingchun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yunshu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mingxin Long
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mingzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qingsong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
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9
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Vieira de Almeida H, Escobar da Silva LC, Ganzarolli de Oliveira M. Nitric oxide-releasing photocrosslinked chitosan cryogels. Nitric Oxide 2024; 146:48-57. [PMID: 38579898 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The highly porous morphology of chitosan cryogels, with submicrometric-sized pore cell walls, provides a large surface area which leads to fast water absorption and elevated swelling degrees. These characteristics are crucial for the applications of nitric oxide (NO) releasing biomaterials, in which the release of NO is triggered by the hydration of the material. In the present study, we report the development of chitosan cryogels (CS) with a porous structure of interconnected cells, with wall thicknesses in the range of 340-881 nm, capable of releasing NO triggered by the rapid hydration process. This property was obtained using an innovative strategy based on the functionalization of CS with two previously synthesized S-nitrosothiols: S-nitrosothioglycolic acid (TGA(SNO)) and S-nitrosomercaptosuccinic acid (MSA(SNO)). For this purpose, CS was previously methacrylated with glycidyl methacrylate and subsequently submitted to photocrosslinking and freeze-drying processes. The photocrosslinked hydrogels thus obtained were then functionalized with TGA(SNO) and MSA(SNO) in reactions mediated by carbodiimide. After functionalization, the hydrogels were frozen and freeze-dried to obtain porous S-nitrosated chitosan cryogels with high swelling capacities. Through chemiluminescence measurements, we demonstrated that CS-TGA(SNO) and CS-MSA(SNO) cryogels spontaneously release NO upon water absorption at rates of 3.34 × 10-2 nmol mg-1 min-1 and 1.27 × 10-1 nmol mg-1 min-1, respectively, opening new perspectives for the use of CS as a platform for localized NO delivery in biomedical applications.
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10
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Jin J, Luo B, Xuan S, Shen P, Jin P, Wu Z, Zheng Y. Degradable chitosan-based bioplastic packaging: Design, preparation and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131253. [PMID: 38556240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Food packaging is an essential part of food transportation, storage and preservation. Biodegradable biopolymers are a significant direction for the future development of food packaging materials. As a natural biological polysaccharide, chitosan has been widely concerned by researchers in the field of food packaging due to its excellent film-forming property, good antibacterial property and designability. Thus, the application research of chitosan-based food packaging films, coatings and aerogels has been greatly developed. In this review, recent advances on chitosan-based food packaging materials are summarized. Firstly, the development background of chitosan-based packaging materials was described, and then chitosan itself was introduced. In addition, the design, preparation and applications of films, coatings and aerogels in chitosan-based packaging for food preservation were discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each research in the development of chitosan-based packaging materials were analyzed. Finally, the application prospects, challenges and suggestions for solving the problems of chitosan-based packaging are summarized and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bodan Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Simin Xuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhengguo Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Adamaki-Sotiraki C, Abenaim L, Mannucci A, Rumbos CI, Bedini S, Castagna A, Conte G, Tognocchi M, Dolianitis V, Athanassiou CG, Conti B. Performance of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae reared on organic waste diets and pupal chitin and chitosan yield. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37366-37375. [PMID: 38772995 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently, much research has been oriented towards the influence of different food wastes and agricultural by-products on the final larval biomass and chemical composition of the insect species Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the possible relationship between the feeding substrate of H. illucens larvae and chitin. In this context, in the present study, larvae of H. illucens derived from two populations (i.e., UNIPI and UTH), were reared on different diets composed of fruits, vegetables, and meat. Based on the results, the larval survival was high for all diets tested. Larval growth in terms of weight gain, larval length, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) depended on the composition of each diet. The chitin and chitosan composition of larvae, reared on different substrates, did not reveal significant differences. Given the fact that the feeding substrate represent a significant cost in the industrial production of insects, its correlation with a high value product (i.e. chitosan) is important. On the other hand, as the prepupal stage of H. illucens is currently used as animal feed, the metabolization of chitin by farmed animals when the larvae or prepupae were offered as feed could have adverse effects. Thus, depending on the final product that is to be produced, industries could benefit from the establishment of a suitable diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Adamaki-Sotiraki
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece.
| | - Linda Abenaim
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christos I Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Stefano Bedini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Victor Dolianitis
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Barbara Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Wang Z, Cai Y, Li M, Wan X, Mi L, Yang W, Hu Y. Boosting one-step degradation of shrimp shell waste to produce chitin oligosaccharides at smart nanoscale enzyme reactor with liquid-solid system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131787. [PMID: 38657939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) possess potential applications in food, medicine, and agriculture. However, lower mass transfer and catalytic efficiency are the main kinetic limitations for the production of CTOS from shrimp shell waste (SSW) and crystalline chitin. Chemical or physical methods are usually used for pretreatment to improve chitinase hydrolysis efficiency, but this is not eco-friendly and cost-effective. To address this challenge, a chitinase nanoreactor with the liquid-solid system (BcChiA1@ZIF-8) was manufactured to boost the one-step degradation of SSW and crystalline chitin. Compared with free enzyme, the catalytic efficiency of BcChiA1@ZIF-8 on colloidal chitin was significantly improved to 142 %. SSW and crystalline chitin can be directly degraded by BcChiA1@ZIF-8 without any pretreatments. The yield of N, N'-diacetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] from SSW and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from crystalline chitin was 2 times and 3.1 times than that of free enzyme, respectively. The reason was that BcChiA1@ZIF-8 with a liquid-solid system enlarged the interface area, increased the collision frequency between enzyme and substrate, and improved the large-substrates binding activity of chitinase. Moreover, the biphasic system exhibited excellent stability, and the design showed universal applicability. This strategy provided novel guidance for other polysaccharide biosynthesis and the conversion of environmental waste into carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yijin Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaoru Wan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Li Mi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Wenge Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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13
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Jędrzejczak E, Frąckowiak P, Sibillano T, Brendler E, Giannini C, Jesionowski T, Wysokowski M. Isolation and Structure Analysis of Chitin Obtained from Different Developmental Stages of the Mulberry Silkworm ( Bombyx mori). Molecules 2024; 29:1914. [PMID: 38731405 PMCID: PMC11084885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a ubiquitous biopolymer, holds paramount scientific and economic significance. Historically, it has been primarily isolated from marine crustaceans. However, the surge in demand for chitin and the burgeoning interest in biopolymers have necessitated the exploration of alternative sources. Among these methods, the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) has emerged as a particularly intriguing prospect. To isolate chitin from Bombyx mori, a chemical extraction methodology was employed. This process involved a series of meticulously orchestrated steps, including Folch extraction, demineralization, deproteinization, and decolorization. The resultant chitin was subjected to comprehensive analysis utilizing techniques such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The obtained results allow us to conclude that the Bombyx mori represents an attractive alternative source of α-chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryk Jędrzejczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Patrycja Frąckowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Instituto Di Cristallografia-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Brendler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Lessingstr. 45, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Instituto Di Cristallografia-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
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14
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Nirmal N, Demir D, Ceylan S, Ahmad S, Goksen G, Koirala P, Bono G. Polysaccharides from shell waste of shellfish and their applications in the cosmeceutical industry: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131119. [PMID: 38522682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Shell waste from shellfish processing contains valuable natural polysaccharides, including sulfated polysaccharides, acidic polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, chitin and their derivatives. These shellfish waste-derived polysaccharides have numerous functional and biological properties that can be applied in various industries, including the cosmeceutical industry. In keeping with global sustainability and green industry trends, the cosmeceuticals industry is transitioning from petrochemical-based ingredients to natural substitutes. In this context, shell waste-derived polysaccharides and their derivatives can play a major role as natural substitutes for petroleum-based components in various cosmeceutical skincare, hair care, oral care and body care products. This review focuses on the presence of polysaccharides and their derivatives in shell waste and discusses their various cosmeceutical applications in skin care, hair care, sun care, oral care and body care products. This indicates that shell waste utilization will help create a circular economy in which extracted polysaccharides are used to produce green cosmeceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Didem Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Seda Ceylan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Türkiye
| | - Sameer Ahmad
- Food Technology Department, Jamia Hamdard, G782+55X, Mehrauli - Badarpur Rd, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Pankaj Koirala
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Gioacchino Bono
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Via L. Vaccara 61, 91026 Mazara del Vallo, TP, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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15
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Rossi N, Grosso C, Delerue-Matos C. Shrimp Waste Upcycling: Unveiling the Potential of Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids with Emphasis on Extraction Techniques and Bioactive Properties. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:153. [PMID: 38667770 PMCID: PMC11051396 DOI: 10.3390/md22040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp processing generates substantial waste, which is rich in valuable components such as polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the valorization of shrimp waste, mainly shrimp shells, focusing on extraction methods, bioactivities, and potential applications of these bioactive compounds. Various extraction techniques, including chemical extraction, microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pressurized techniques are discussed, highlighting their efficacy in isolating polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids from shrimp waste. Additionally, the bioactivities associated with these compounds, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, among others, are elucidated, underscoring their potential in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Furthermore, the review explores current and potential utilization avenues for these bioactive compounds, emphasizing the importance of sustainable resource management and circular economy principles in maximizing the value of shrimp waste. Overall, this review paper aims to provide insights into the multifaceted aspects of shrimp waste valorization, offering valuable information for researchers, industries, and policymakers interested in sustainable resource utilization and waste-management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (N.R.); (C.D.-M.)
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16
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Ahmad A, Hassan A, Roy PG, Zhou S, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR, Kanwal F, Begum R, Farooqi ZH. Recent developments in chitosan based microgels and their hybrids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129409. [PMID: 38224801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan based microgels have gained great attention because of their chemical stability, biocompatibility, easy functionalization and potential uses in numerous fields. Production, properties, characterization and applications of chitosan based microgels have been systematically reviewed in this article. Some of these systems exhibit responsive behavior towards external stimuli like pH, light, temperature, glucose, etc. in terms of swelling/deswelling in an aqueous medium depending upon the functionalities present in the network which makes them a potential candidate for various applications in the fields of biomedicine, agriculture, catalysis, sensing and nanotechnology. Current research development and critical overview in this field accompanying by future possibilities is presented. The discussion is concluded with recommended possible future works for further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmad
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Hassan
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Prashun Ghosh Roy
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island and Ph.D. Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
| | - Shuiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island and Ph.D. Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Kanwal
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Zahoor H Farooqi
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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17
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Zhang Z, Ma Z, Song L, Farag MA. Maximizing crustaceans (shrimp, crab, and lobster) by-products value for optimum valorization practices: A comparative review of their active ingredients, extraction, bioprocesses and applications. J Adv Res 2024; 57:59-76. [PMID: 37931655 PMCID: PMC10918363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processing of the three major crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, and crab) is associated with inevitable by-products, high waste disposal costs, environmental and human health issues, loss of multiple biomaterials (chitin, protein hydrolysates, lipids, astaxanthin and minerals). Nowadays, these bioresources are underutilized owing to the lack of effective and standardized technologies to convert these materials into valued industrial forms. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the various bioactive ingredients and applications within major crustaceans by-products. This review aims to compare various extraction methods in crustaceans by-products, which will aid identify a more workable platform to minimize waste disposal and maximize its value for best valorization practices. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The fully integrated applications (agriculture, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paper industries, etc.) of multiple biomaterials from crustaceans by-products are presented. The pros and cons of the various extraction methods, including chemical (acid and alkali), bioprocesses (enzymatic or fermentation), physical (microwave, ultrasound, hot water and carbonic acid process), solvent (ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, EDTA) and electrochemistry are detailed. The rapid development of corresponding biotechnological attempts present a simple, fast, effective, clean, and controllable bioprocess for the comprehensive utilization of crustacean waste that has yet to be applied at an industrial level. One feasible way for best valorization practices is to combine innovative extraction techniques with industrially applicable technologies to efficiently recover these valuable components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt.
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18
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Koirala P, Bhandari Y, Khadka A, Kumar SR, Nirmal NP. Nanochitosan from crustacean and mollusk byproduct: Extraction, characterization, and applications in the food industry. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130008. [PMID: 38331073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Crustaceans and mollusks are widely consumed around the world due to their delicacy and nutritious value. During the processing, only 30-40 % of these shellfish are considered edible, while 70-60 % of portions are thrown away as waste or byproduct. These byproducts harbor valuable constituents, notably chitin. This chitin can be extracted from shellfish byproducts through chemical, microbial, enzymatic, and green technologies. However, chitin is insoluble in water and most of the organic solvents, hampering its wide application. Hence, chitin is de-acetylated into chitosan, which possesses various functional applications. Recently, nanotechnology has proven to improve the surface area and numerous functional properties of metals and molecules. Further, the nanotechnology principle can be extended to nanochitosan formation. Therefore, this review article centers on crustaceans and mollusks byproduct utilization for chitosan, its nano-formation, and their food industry applications. The extensive discussion has been focused on nanochitosan formation, characterization, and active site modification. Lastly, nanochitosan applications in various food industries, including biodegradable food packaging, fat replacer, bioactive compound carrier, and antimicrobial agent have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Koirala
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Yash Bhandari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Central Campus of Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Abhishek Khadka
- Rural Reconstruction Nepal, 288 Gairidhara Road 2, Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Simmi Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nilesh Prakash Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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19
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Li J, Li P, Zhang B, Fang J, Zhong W, Ma F. Effect of free radicals on rheological properties, antioxidant activity, and molecular conformation of chitosan under solution pulsed plasma process based on radical scavengers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130260. [PMID: 38368984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Radical scavengers were employed to evaluate the influence of various active species (•OH, •O, and H2O2) on the rheological properties, antioxidant activity, and molecular conformation of chitosan under solution plasma process (SPP) degradation. ESR analysis showed that •OH and •O radicals played important roles in SPP degradation. The results of rheological properties and antioxidant activity indicated that the •OH scavenger (tert-butanol), •O scavenger (1, 4-benzoquinone), and H2O2 scavenger (MnO2) remarkably inhibited the decrease of G' and G" of the degraded chitosan, the formation of gel structure, and the increase of antioxidant activity. The analysis of molecular conformation of the chitosan by particle size analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (HPSEC-MALLS) revealed that the decrease of particle size, molecular aggregation, and molecular weight of chitosan was inhibited after the addition of radical scavengers. An evident effect of radical scavengers on the hard sphere conformation of chitosan was observed. It was found that the above effects were strongly dependent on the scavenger concentration. These results proved that •OH, •O, and H2O2 played important roles in SPP treatment. For the rheological properties and molecular conformation, H2O2 exhibited the greatest impact. For the antioxidant activity and molecular weight, •OH presented the biggest influence. Besides, •O expressed the weakest effect. This study will be beneficial to reveal the action mechanisms of SPP technology to the degradation of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Pu Li
- College of art design and architecture, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Baiqing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center, Tianjin 300202, China
| | - Weitian Zhong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fengming Ma
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Chicea D, Nicolae-Maranciuc A, Chicea LM. Silver Nanoparticles-Chitosan Nanocomposites: A Comparative Study Regarding Different Chemical Syntheses Procedures and Their Antibacterial Effect. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1113. [PMID: 38473584 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on silver nanoparticles and chitosan present important advantages for medical applications, showing over time their role in antibacterial evaluation. This work presents the comparative study of two chemical synthesis procedures of nanocomposites, based on trisodium citrate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide, using various chitosan concentrations for a complex investigation. The nanocomposites were characterized by AFM and DLS regarding their dimensions, while FT-IR and UV-VIS spectrometry were used for the optical properties and to reveal the binding of silver nanoparticles with chitosan. Their antibacterial effect was determined using a disk diffusion method on two bacteria strains, E. coli and S. aureus. The results indicate that, when using both methods, the nanocomposites obtained were below 100 nm, yet the antibacterial effect proved to be stronger for the nanocomposites obtained using sodium hydroxide. Furthermore, the antibacterial effect can be related to the nanocomposites' sizes, since the smallest dimension nanocomposites exhibited the best bacterial growth inhibition on both bacteria strains we tested and for both types of silver nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chicea
- Research Center for Complex Physical Systems, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Alexandra Nicolae-Maranciuc
- Research Center for Complex Physical Systems, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies and Research (ISCI), Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Liana-Maria Chicea
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
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21
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Broda M, Yelle DJ, Serwańska-Leja K. Biodegradable Polymers in Veterinary Medicine-A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:883. [PMID: 38398635 PMCID: PMC10892962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the development of biodegradable polymeric materials for various industrial applications, including human and veterinary medicine. They are promising alternatives to commonly used non-degradable polymers to combat the global plastic waste crisis. Among biodegradable polymers used, or potentially applicable to, veterinary medicine are natural polysaccharides, such as chitin, chitosan, and cellulose as well as various polyesters, including poly(ε-caprolactone), polylactic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polyhydroxyalkanoates produced by bacteria. They can be used as implants, drug carriers, or biomaterials in tissue engineering and wound management. Their use in veterinary practice depends on their biocompatibility, inertness to living tissue, mechanical resistance, and sorption characteristics. They must be designed specifically to fit their purpose, whether it be: (1) facilitating new tissue growth and allowing for controlled interactions with living cells or cell-growth factors, (2) having mechanical properties that address functionality when applied as implants, or (3) having controlled degradability to deliver drugs to their targeted location when applied as drug-delivery vehicles. This paper aims to present recent developments in the research on biodegradable polymers in veterinary medicine and highlight the challenges and future perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Broda
- Department of Wood Science and Thermal Techniques, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel J. Yelle
- Forest Biopolymers Science and Engineering, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Katarzyna Serwańska-Leja
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
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22
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Monteiro JP, Domingues MR, Calado R. Marine Animal Co-Products-How Improving Their Use as Rich Sources of Health-Promoting Lipids Can Foster Sustainability. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:73. [PMID: 38393044 PMCID: PMC10890326 DOI: 10.3390/md22020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine lipids are recognized for their-health promoting features, mainly for being the primary sources of omega-3 fatty acids, and are therefore critical for human nutrition in an age when the global supply for these nutrients is experiencing an unprecedent pressure due to an ever-increasing demand. The seafood industry originates a considerable yield of co-products worldwide that, while already explored for other purposes, remain mostly undervalued as sustainable sources of healthy lipids, often being explored for low-value oil production. These co-products are especially appealing as lipid sources since, besides the well-known nutritional upside of marine animal fat, which is particularly rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, they also have interesting bioactive properties, which may garner them further interest, not only as food, but also for other high-end applications. Besides the added value that these co-products may represent as valuable lipid sources, there is also the obvious ecological upside of reducing seafood industry waste. In this sense, repurposing these bioresources will contribute to a more sustainable use of marine animal food, reducing the strain on already heavily depleted seafood stocks. Therefore, untapping the potential of marine animal co-products as valuable lipid sources aligns with both health and environmental goals by guaranteeing additional sources of healthy lipids and promoting more eco-conscious practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Monteiro
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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23
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Alenazi MM, El-Ebidy AM, El-shehaby OA, Seleiman MF, Aldhuwaib KJ, Abdel-Aziz HMM. Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticles Differentially Alleviate Salinity Stress in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:398. [PMID: 38337931 PMCID: PMC10857083 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress can significantly cause negative impacts on the physiological and biochemical traits of plants and, consequently, a reduction in the yield productivity of crops. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan (Cs) and chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) to mitigate salinity stress (i.e., 25, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and improve pigment fractions, carbohydrates content, ions content, proline, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage content, and the antioxidant system of Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown in clay-sandy soil. Methacrylic acid was used to synthesize CsNPs, with an average size of 40 ± 2 nm. Salinity stress negatively affected yield traits, pigment fractions, and carbohydrate content. However, in plants grown under salt stress, the application of either Cs or CsNPs significantly improved yield, pigment fractions, carbohydrate content, proline, and the antioxidant system, while these treatments reduced hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. The positive effects of CsNPs were shown to be more beneficial than Cs when applied exogenously to plants grown under salt stress. In this context, it could be concluded that CsNPs could be used to mitigate salt stress effects on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants grown in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekhled M. Alenazi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya M. El-Ebidy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Omar A. El-shehaby
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Azelee NIW, Dahiya D, Ayothiraman S, Noor NM, Rasid ZIA, Ramli ANM, Ravindran B, Iwuchukwu FU, Selvasembian R. Sustainable valorization approaches on crustacean wastes for the extraction of chitin, bioactive compounds and their applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126492. [PMID: 37634772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The unscientific disposal of the most abundant crustacean wastes, especially those derived from marine sources, affects both the economy and the environment. Strategic waste collection and management is the need of the hour. Sustainable valorization approaches have played a crucial role in solving those issues as well as generating wealth from waste. The shellfishery wastes are rich in valuable bioactive compounds such as chitin, chitosan, minerals, carotenoids, lipids, and other amino acid derivatives. These value-added components possessed pleiotropic applications in different sectors viz., food, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, agro-industrial, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sectors. The manuscript covers the recent status, scope of shellfishery management, and different bioactive compounds obtained from crustacean wastes. In addition, both sustainable and conventional routes of valorization approaches were discussed with their merits and demerits along with their combinations. The utilization of nano and microtechnology was also included in the discussion, as they have become prominent research areas in recent years. More importantly, the future perspectives of crustacean waste management and other potential valorization approaches that can be implemented on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Digvijay Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seenivasan Ayothiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Norhayati Mohamed Noor
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; UTM Innovation & Commercialisation Centre, Industry Centre, UTM Technovation Park, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaitul Iffa Abd Rasid
- UTM Research Ethics Committee, Department of Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; Bio Aromatic Research Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Felicitas U Iwuchukwu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University 29631, South Carolina USA
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India.
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25
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Zhang J, Mohd Said F, Jing Z. Hydrogels based on seafood chitin: From extraction to the development. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126482. [PMID: 37640188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is extensively applied in vast applications due to its excellent biological properties, such as biodegradable and non-toxic. About 50 % of waste generated during seafood processing is chitin. Conventionally, chitin is extracted via chemical method. However, it has many shortcomings. Many novel extraction methods have emerged, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, ultrasonic or microwave-assisted, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. Chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties. Nevertheless, they all have many limitations. Therefore, the preparation and application of chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels are still facing great challenges. This review focuses on the challenges and prospects for sustainable chitin extraction from seafood waste and the preparation and application of chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels. First section summarizes the mechanism and application of several methods of extracting chitin. The different extraction methods were evaluated from the aspects of yield, degree of acetylation, and protein and mineral residuals. The shortcomings of the extraction methods are also discussed. Next section summarizes the preparation and application of chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels. Overall, we hope this mini-review can provide a practical reference for selecting chitin extraction methods from seafood and applying chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Said
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Zhanxin Jing
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088 Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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26
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Mendoza-Muñoz N, Leyva-Gómez G, Piñón-Segundo E, Zambrano-Zaragoza ML, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Del Prado Audelo ML, Urbán-Morlán Z. Trends in biopolymer science applied to cosmetics. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:699-724. [PMID: 37402111 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The term biopolymer refers to materials obtained by chemically modifying natural biological substances or producing them through biotechnological processes. They are biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic. Due to these advantages, biopolymers have wide applications in conventional cosmetics and new trends and have emerged as essential ingredients that function as rheological modifiers, emulsifiers, film-formers, moisturizers, hydrators, antimicrobials and, more recently, materials with metabolic activity on skin. Developing approaches that exploit these features is a challenge for formulating skin, hair and oral care products and dermatological formulations. This article presents an overview of the use of the principal biopolymers used in cosmetic formulations and describes their sources, recently derived structures, novel applications and safety aspects of the use of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Mendoza-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Piñón-Segundo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Farmacéuticos de Liberación Modificada, L13, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - María L Zambrano-Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Procesos de Transformación y Tecnologías Emergentes de Alimentos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, FES-Cuautitlán, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | | | - Zaida Urbán-Morlán
- Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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27
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Liu Z, Yin F, Ruan N, Gao Z. Mapping the knowledge domains of medical textiles: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35956. [PMID: 37960750 PMCID: PMC10637442 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world's textile industry shifts towards manufacturing high value-added textile structures and products, medical textiles have drawn extensive attention from researchers and the related research field is rapidly developing in recent years. To provide readers a systematic overview of this research field, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific publications related to the field in performed and visually presented using the software CiteSpace and VOSviewer in this paper. Totally 2839 papers have been retrieved and collected from the core database of Web of Science™. First, the papers are divided into several groups and quantitatively analyzed based on the year of publication, the citations in each year, and the disciplines involved in the papers. VOSviewer is adopted to analyze the collaboration among countries, organizations, and authors in the research community as well as their research output and influence in terms of citation. Then the major journals in the field are identified through performing co-citation analysis on source journals of all references cited in the retrieved papers. In addition, the highly cited papers and their references are listed in this paper. They offer researchers a glimpse of the internal relationship of scientific literature and the dynamic structure of scientific evolution. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis of keywords is also performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The connection between various disciplines in the research field is revealed, so that the scientific development history, the research hotspots, and main research directions in the field can be traced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Liu
- Library, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fangping Yin
- Library, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Library, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zongzhan Gao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
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28
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Mahmoud M, Abd-Allah SM, Abdel-Halim BR, Khalil AAY. Ameliorative effect of chitosan nanoparticles in capacitation media on post-thawing in vitro fertilizing ability of bovine spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1428-1438. [PMID: 37635322 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) on the capacitation of bovine spermatozoa during the in vitro fertilization process. Hyperactivated motility (HAM) and acrosome reaction (AR) of sperm cells as well as in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates are the main parameters used to estimate the effect of CSNPs on bovine spermatozoa's fertilizing ability. In this study, three different concentrations of CSNPs (10, 20 and 100 μg/mL) were prepared and characterized. Motile spermatozoa were separated from frozen-thawed semen by a swim-up technique and capacitated in Sperm-TALP medium supplemented with heparin only without CSNPs treatment (positive control), heparin + 10 μg/mL CSNPs, heparin + 20 μg/mL CSNPs, heparin + 100 μg/mL CSNPs and the last one served as a negative control tube which supplemented with 10 μg/mL CSNPs without adding heparin. Sperm cells were incubated for 90 min at 39°C in a 5% CO2 incubator and evaluated every 30 min at intervals. Cumulus oophorus complex (COCs) were matured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 39°C and inseminated in vitro with frozen-thawed bull sperm of the above concentrations. The inseminated oocytes were incubated at 39°C in a 5% CO2 incubator for 24 h and then examined for evidence of fertilization. The results of this investigation showed that HAM and AR were best affected by CSNPs at a concentration of 20 μg/mL during an incubation time of 60 min. As time went on, the overall proportion of spermatozoa with progressive motility (PM) decreased across all groups, and a substantially lower value was found at the dose mentioned above. Additionally, the impact of sperm treated with CSNPs on fertilization rate was assessed. The outcomes demonstrated that in comparison to the other concentrations (10 and 100 μg/mL), the positive control and the negative control, the proportion of fertilized oocytes was significantly higher in the CSNPs concentration (20 μg/mL). In conclusion, it could be inferred from this investigation that CSNPs support sperm functions during IVF and can be used for biomedical interventions in bovine spermatozoa. Additionally, a high IVF rate was achieved by using sperm treated with CSNPs as CSNPs enhance sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mahmoud
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Saber M Abd-Allah
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Bakar R Abdel-Halim
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Abdeltawab A Y Khalil
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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29
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Roy VC, Islam MR, Sadia S, Yeasmin M, Park JS, Lee HJ, Chun BS. Trash to Treasure: An Up-to-Date Understanding of the Valorization of Seafood By-Products, Targeting the Major Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:485. [PMID: 37755098 PMCID: PMC10532690 DOI: 10.3390/md21090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishery production is exponentially growing, and its by-products negatively impact industries' economic and environmental status. The large amount of bioactive micro- and macromolecules in fishery by-products, including lipids, proteins, peptides, amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, collagen, gelatin, chitin, chitosan, and fucoidan, need to be utilized through effective strategies and proper management. Due to the bioactive and healthy compounds in fishery discards, these components can be used as functional food ingredients. Fishery discards have inorganic or organic value to add to or implement in various sectors (such as the agriculture, medical, and pharmaceutical industries). However, the best use of these postharvest raw materials for human welfare remains unelucidated in the scientific community. This review article describes the most useful techniques and methods, such as obtaining proteins and peptides, fatty acids, enzymes, minerals, and carotenoids, as well as collagen, gelatin, and polysaccharides such as chitin-chitosan and fucoidan, to ensure the best use of fishery discards. Marine-derived bioactive compounds have biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These high-value compounds are used in various industrial sectors, such as the food and cosmetic industries, owing to their unique functional and characteristic structures. This study aimed to determine the gap between misused fishery discards and their effects on the environment and create awareness for the complete valorization of fishery discards, targeting a sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Chandra Roy
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rakibul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Sadia
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Momota Yeasmin
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
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30
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Dias C, Commin L, Bonnefont-Rebeix C, Buff S, Bruyère P, Trombotto S. Comparative Evaluation of the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a Series of Chitosans and Chitooligosaccharides Water-Soluble at Physiological pH. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3679. [PMID: 37765533 PMCID: PMC10537996 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosans (CS) have been of great interest due to their properties and numerous applications. However, CS have poor solubility in neutral and basic media, which limits their use in these conditions. In contrast, chitooligosaccharides (COS) have better solubility in water and lower viscosity in aqueous solutions whilst maintaining interesting biological properties. CS and COS, unlike other sugars, are not single polymers with a defined structure but are groups of molecules with modifiable structural parameters, allowing the adaptation and optimization of their properties. The great versatility of CS and COS makes these molecules very attractive for different applications, such as cryopreservation. Here, we investigated the effect of the degree of polymerization (DP), degree of N-acetylation (DA) and concentration of a series of synthesized CS and COS, water-soluble at physiological pH, on their cytotoxicity in an L929 fibroblast cell culture. Our results demonstrated that CS and COS showed no sign of toxicity regarding cell viability at low concentrations (≤10 mg/mL), independently of their DP and DA, whereas a compromising effect on cell viability was observed at a high concentration (100 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Dias
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Loris Commin
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Catherine Bonnefont-Rebeix
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Samuel Buff
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Pierre Bruyère
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
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31
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Li H, Lu Z, Hao MS, Kvammen A, Inman AR, Srivastava V, Bulone V, McKee LS. Family 92 carbohydrate-binding modules specific for β-1,6-glucans increase the thermostability of a bacterial chitinase. Biochimie 2023; 212:153-160. [PMID: 37121306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In biomass-processing industries there is a need for enzymes that can withstand high temperatures. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to finding new thermostable enzymes as well as developing new means of stabilising existing enzymes. The attachment of a stable non-catalytic domain to an enzyme can, in some instances, protect a biocatalyst from thermal denaturation. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are non-catalytic domains typically found appended to biomass-degrading or modifying enzymes, such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Most often, CBMs interact with the same polysaccharide as their enzyme partners, leading to an enhanced reaction rate via the promotion of enzyme-substrate interactions. Contradictory to this general concept, we show an example of a chitin-degrading enzyme from GH family 18 that is appended to two CBM domains from family 92, both of which bind preferentially to the non-substrate polysaccharide β-1,6-glucan. During chitin hydrolysis, the CBMs do not contribute to enzyme-substrate interactions but instead confer a 10-15 °C increase in enzyme thermal stability. We propose that CBM92 domains may have a natural enzyme stabilisation role in some cases, which may be relevant to enzyme design for high-temperature applications in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zijia Lu
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng-Shu Hao
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Kvammen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annie R Inman
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park Campus, Sturt Road, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Utama GL, Oktaviani L, Balia RL, Rialita T. Potential Application of Yeast Cell Wall Biopolymers as Probiotic Encapsulants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3481. [PMID: 37631538 PMCID: PMC10459707 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers of yeast cell walls, such as β-glucan, mannoprotein, and chitin, may serve as viable encapsulants for probiotics. Due to its thermal stability, β-glucan is a suitable cryoprotectant for probiotic microorganisms during freeze-drying. Mannoprotein has been shown to increase the adhesion of probiotic microorganisms to intestinal epithelial cells. Typically, chitin is utilized in the form of its derivatives, particularly chitosan, which is derived via deacetylation. Brewery waste has shown potential as a source of β-glucan that can be optimally extracted through thermolysis and sonication to yield up to 14% β-glucan, which can then be processed with protease and spray drying to achieve utmost purity. While laminarinase and sodium deodecyle sulfate were used to isolate and extract mannoproteins and glucanase was used to purify them, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide precipitation was used to improve the amount of purified mannoproteins to 7.25 percent. The maximum chitin yield of 2.4% was attained by continuing the acid-alkali reaction procedure, which was then followed by dialysis and lyophilization. Separation and purification of yeast cell wall biopolymers via diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) anion exchange chromatography can be used to increase the purity of β-glucan, whose purity in turn can also be increased using concanavalin-A chromatography based on the glucan/mannan ratio. In the meantime, mannoproteins can be purified via affinity chromatography that can be combined with zymolase treatment. Then, dialysis can be continued to obtain chitin with high purity. β-glucans, mannoproteins, and chitosan-derived yeast cell walls have been shown to promote the survival of probiotic microorganisms in the digestive tract. In addition, the prebiotic activity of β-glucans and mannoproteins can combine with microorganisms to form synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemilang Lara Utama
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.O.); (T.R.)
- Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Sekeloa Selatan 1 No 1, Bandung 40134, Indonesia
| | - Lidya Oktaviani
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.O.); (T.R.)
| | - Roostita Lobo Balia
- Veterinary Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Tita Rialita
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.O.); (T.R.)
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Tanpichai S, Pumpuang L, Srimarut Y, Woraprayote W, Malila Y. Development of chitin nanofiber coatings for prolonging shelf life and inhibiting bacterial growth on fresh cucumbers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13195. [PMID: 37580357 PMCID: PMC10425451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread usage of petroleum-based polymers as single-use packaging has had harmful effects on the environment. Herein, we developed sustainable chitin nanofiber (ChNF) coatings that prolong the shelf life of fresh cucumbers and delay the growth of pathogenic bacteria on their surfaces. ChNFs with varying degrees of acetylation were successfully prepared via deacetylation using NaOH with treatment times of 0-480 min and defibrillated using mechanical blending. With longer deacetylation reaction times, more acetamido groups (-NHCOCH3) in chitin molecules were converted to amino groups (-NH2), which imparted antibacterial properties to the ChNFs. The ChNF morphologies were affected by deacetylation reaction time. ChNFs deacetylated for 240 min had an average width of 9.0 nm and lengths of up to several μm, whereas rod-like structured ChNFs with a mean width of 7.3 nm and an average length of 222.3 nm were obtained with the reaction time of 480 min. Furthermore, we demonstrated a standalone ChNF coating to extend the shelf life of cucumbers. In comparison to the rod-like structured ChNFs, the 120 and 240-min deacetylated ChNFs exhibited a fibril-like structure, which considerably retarded the moisture loss of cucumbers and the growth rate of bacteria on their outer surfaces during storage. Cucumbers coated with these 120 and 240-min deacetylated ChNFs demonstrated a lower weight loss rate of ⁓ 3.9% day-1 compared to the uncoated cucumbers, which exhibited a weight loss rate of 4.6% day-1. This protective effect provided by these renewable ChNFs holds promising potential to reduce food waste and the use of petroleum-based packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachok Tanpichai
- Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
- Cellulose and Bio-Based Nanomaterials Research Group, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Laphaslada Pumpuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Yanee Srimarut
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Weerapong Woraprayote
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Yuwares Malila
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- International Joint Research Center On Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Zając A, Sąsiadek W, Dymińska L, Ropuszyńska-Robak P, Hanuza J, Ptak M, Smółka S, Lisiecki R, Skrzypczak K. Chitosan and Its Carboxymethyl-Based Membranes Produced by Crosslinking with Magnesium Phytate. Molecules 2023; 28:5987. [PMID: 37630242 PMCID: PMC10459599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranes produced by crosslinking chitosan with magnesium phytate were prepared using highly deacetylated chitosan and its N-carboxymethyl, O-carboxymethyl and N,O-carboxymethyl derivatives. The conditions of the membrane production were described. IR, Raman, electron absorption and emission spectra were measured and analyzed for all the substrates. It was found that O-carboxymethyl chitosan derivative is the most effectively crosslinked by magnesium phytate, and the films formed on this substrate exhibit good mechanical parameters of strength, resistance and stability. Strong O-H···O hydrogen bonds proved to be responsible for an effective crosslinking process. Newly discovered membrane types produced from chitosan and magnesium phytate were characterized as morphologically homogenous and uniform by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and IR measurements. Due to their good covering properties, they do not have pores or channels and are proposed as packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zając
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 118-120 Komandorska Str., 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sąsiadek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 118-120 Komandorska Str., 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 118-120 Komandorska Str., 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Ropuszyńska-Robak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 118-120 Komandorska Str., 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, 2 Okólna Str., 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, 2 Okólna Str., 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Szymon Smółka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, 2 Okólna Str., 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Radosław Lisiecki
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, 2 Okólna Str., 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Str., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Gómez-Estaca J, Tovar C, Montero P, Gómez-Guillén M. Structural, viscoelastic, and emulsifying properties of shrimp chitin nanowhisker dispersions as a function of acidic pHs. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Arnold ND, Garbe D, Brück TB. Isolation, biochemical characterization, and genome sequencing of two high-quality genomes of a novel chitinolytic Jeongeupia species. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1372. [PMID: 37642486 PMCID: PMC10404844 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide worldwide as part of arthropods' exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. Low concentrations in soils and sediments indicate rapid decomposition through chitinolytic organisms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The enacting enzymes, so-called chitinases, and their products, chitooligosaccharides, exhibit promising characteristics with applications ranging from crop protection to cosmetics, medical, textile, and wastewater industries. Exploring novel chitinolytic organisms is crucial to expand the enzymatical toolkit for biotechnological chitin utilization and to deepen our understanding of diverse catalytic mechanisms. In this study, we present two long-read sequencing-based genomes of highly similar Jeongeupia species, which have been screened, isolated, and biochemically characterized from chitin-amended soil samples. Through metabolic characterization, whole-genome alignments, and phylogenetic analysis, we could demonstrate how the investigated strains differ from the taxonomically closest strain Jeongeupia naejangsanensis BIO-TAS4-2T (DSM 24253). In silico analysis and sequence alignment revealed a multitude of highly conserved chitinolytic enzymes in the investigated Jeongeupia genomes. Based on these results, we suggest that the two strains represent a novel species within the genus of Jeongeupia, which may be useful for environmentally friendly N-acetylglucosamine production from crustacean shell or fungal biomass waste or as a crop protection agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D. Arnold
- Department of ChemistryWerner‐Siemens Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Department of ChemistryWerner‐Siemens Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Thomas B. Brück
- Department of ChemistryWerner‐Siemens Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of MunichGarchingGermany
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Lal J, Deb S, Singh SK, Biswas P, Debbarma R, Yadav NK, Debbarma S, Vaishnav A, Meena DK, Waikhom G, Patel AB. Diverse uses of valuable seafood processing industry waste for sustainability: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28890-2. [PMID: 37523086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Seafoods are rich in untapped bioactive compounds that have the potential to provide novel ingredients for the development of commercial functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, a large portion of waste or discards is generated in commercial processing setups (50-80%), which is wasted or underutilized. These by-products are a rich source of novel and valuable biomolecules, including bioactive peptides, collagen and gelatin, oligosaccharides, fatty acids, enzymes, calcium, water-soluble minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, chitin, chitosan and biopolymers. These fish components may be used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, environmental, biomedical and other industries. Furthermore, they provide a viable source for the production of biofuels. As a result, the current review emphasizes the importance of effective by-product and discard reduction techniques that can provide practical and profitable solutions. Recognizing this, many initiatives have been initiated to effectively use them and generate income for the long-term sustainability of the environment and economic framework of the processing industry. This comprehensive review summarizes the current state of the art in the sustainable valorisation of seafood by-products for human consumption. The review can generate a better understanding of the techniques for seafood waste valorisation to accelerate the sector while providing significant benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jham Lal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Suparna Deb
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Soibam Khogen Singh
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India.
| | - Pradyut Biswas
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Reshmi Debbarma
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Yadav
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Sourabh Debbarma
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Anand Vaishnav
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Meena
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Gusheinzed Waikhom
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Arun Bhai Patel
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
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Ultrasound and autoclave-deacetylated Achatina fulica shell chitosan: Characterisation and effect on tomato and cucumber fruit qualities during storage. Food Chem 2023; 415:135750. [PMID: 36863236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan from African giant snail (Achatina fulica) shells derived through autoclave- (SSCA) or ultrasound-assisted (SSCU) deacetylation was characterised and evaluated for quality and shelf life of tomatoes and cucumbers over 10 days of ambient (26 ± 2 °C) and refrigerated (4 ± 2 °C) storage. A 64.03 and 54.41% deacetylation degrees were achieved for SSCA and SSCU, respectively with the SEM showing uniform surface morphologies. Moisture loss in tomatoes was effectively moderated by SSCA and SSCU treatments as depicted by higher weight retention (93.65% and 81.80%) compared to untreated samples (58.52%) after 10 days of refrigerated storage. Autoclave-derived chitosan significantly retained colour of tomato and cucumber. Ascorbic acid retentions were 88.76% and 87.34%, and 86.40% and 77.01% for SSCA and SSCU-treated tomatoes at ambient and refrigerated storage, respectively. Yeast and mould growths were completely inhibited for 10 days of refrigerated storage. Chitosan treatment enhanced quality and shelf life of tomatoes and cucumbers in the order SSCA > SSCU > control.
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Yapur-Pancorvo AL, Quispe-Machaca M, Guzmán-Rivás F, Urzúa Á, Espinoza P. The Red Squat Lobster Pleuroncodes monodon in the Humboldt Current System: From Their Ecology to Commercial Attributes as Marine Bioresource. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2279. [PMID: 37508056 PMCID: PMC10376223 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on gathering available information on Pleuroncodes monodon, a widely distributed crustacean in the Humboldt Current System. Off the Chilean coast, this species presents benthic habits and constitutes the main resource of the industrial crustacean fishery; many studies have been carried out on its life cycle during the last century. In contrast, off the coast of Peru, this species exhibits mainly pelagic habits, with latent information gaps on aspects of its life history and no commercial fishery activities, such as catching, taking or harvesting from the marine environment. P. monodon is an ecologically important species, as a source of energy for its predators, which include invertebrates, birds, marine mammals and fish of commercial interest. Thus, P. monodon seems to play a key role in this ecosystem, mainly as an intermediate link between top predators and the first links in the food chain. In addition, this species presents various adaptation strategies to the changing oceanographic parameters of the areas it inhabits, even tolerating hypoxic environments and great depths in order to avoid being predated. Likewise, from an economic viewpoint, it has a high commercial value as a marine bioresource with great potential in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Considering this, more studies must be carried out to corroborate the biological, ecological, and fishing importance of this species in order to generate efficient management measures and ensure a sustainable fishery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucía Yapur-Pancorvo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 150152, Peru
- Environmental Resources Management (ERM), Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Marco Quispe-Machaca
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biodiversidad y Biorecursos, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
| | - Fabián Guzmán-Rivás
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biodiversidad y Biorecursos, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
| | - Ángel Urzúa
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
| | - Pepe Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 150152, Peru
- Laboratorio de Ecología Trófica, Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y Gral. Valle s/n, Callao 070101, Peru
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Trzaskowska M, Vivcharenko V, Franus W, Goryczka T, Barylski A, Przekora A. Optimization of the Composition of Mesoporous Polymer-Ceramic Nanocomposite Granules for Bone Regeneration. Molecules 2023; 28:5238. [PMID: 37446899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficult-to-treat bone damage resulting from metabolic bone diseases, mechanical injuries, or tumor resection requires support in the form of biomaterials. The aim of this research was to optimize the concentration of individual components of polymer-ceramic nanocomposite granules (nanofilled polymer composites) for application in orthopedics and maxillofacial surgery to fill small bone defects and stimulate the regeneration process. Two types of granules were made using nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) and chitosan-based matrix (agarose/chitosan or curdlan/chitosan), which served as binder for ceramic nanopowder. Different concentrations of the components (nanoHA and curdlan), foaming agent (sodium bicarbonate-NaHCO3), and chitosan solvent (acetic acid-CH3COOH) were tested during the production process. Agarose and chitosan concentrations were fixed to be 5% w/v and 2% w/v, respectively, based on our previous research. Subsequently, the produced granules were subjected to cytotoxicity testing (indirect and direct contact methods), microhardness testing (Young's modulus evaluation), and microstructure analysis (porosity, specific surface area, and surface roughness) in order to identify the biomaterial with the most favorable properties. The results demonstrated only slight differences among the resultant granules with respect to their microstructural, mechanical, and biological properties. All variants of the biomaterials were non-toxic to a mouse preosteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1), supported cell growth on their surface, had high porosity (46-51%), and showed relatively high specific surface area (25-33 m2/g) and Young's modulus values (2-10 GPa). Apart from biomaterials containing 8% w/v curdlan, all samples were predominantly characterized by mesoporosity. Nevertheless, materials with the greatest biomedical potential were obtained using 5% w/v agarose, 2% w/v chitosan, and 50% or 70% w/v nanoHA when the chitosan solvent/foaming agent ratio was equal to 2:2. In the case of the granules containing curdlan/chitosan matrix, the most optimal composition was as follows: 2% w/v chitosan, 4% w/v curdlan, and 30% w/v nanoHA. The obtained test results indicate that both manufactured types of granules are promising implantable biomaterials for filling small bone defects that can be used in maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trzaskowska
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Vladyslav Vivcharenko
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goryczka
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Adrian Barylski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Agata Przekora
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Bose I, Roy S, Yaduvanshi P, Sharma S, Chandel V, Biswas D. Unveiling the Potential of Marine Biopolymers: Sources, Classification, and Diverse Food Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4840. [PMID: 37445154 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concerns regarding the usage of nonrenewable materials are driving up the demand for biodegradable marine biopolymers. Marine biopolymers are gaining increasing attention as sustainable alternatives in various industries, including the food sector. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of marine biopolymers and their applications in the food industry. Marine sources are given attention as innovative resources for the production of sea-originated biopolymers, such as agar, alginate, chitin/chitosan, and carrageenan, which are safe, biodegradable, and are widely employed in a broad spectrum of industrial uses. This article begins by discussing the diverse source materials of marine biopolymers, which encompass biopolymers derived from seaweed and marine animals. It explores the unique characteristics and properties of these biopolymers, highlighting their potential for food applications. Furthermore, this review presents a classification of marine biopolymers, categorizing them based on their chemical composition and structural properties. This classification provides a framework for understanding the versatility and functionality of different marine biopolymers in food systems. This article also delves into the various food applications of marine biopolymers across different sectors, including meat, milk products, fruits, and vegetables. Thus, the motive of this review article is to offer a brief outline of (a) the source materials of marine biopolymers, which incorporates marine biopolymers derived from seaweed and marine animals, (b) a marine biopolymer classification, and (c) the various food applications in different food systems such as meat, milk products, fruits, and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsheta Bose
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Pallvi Yaduvanshi
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Somesh Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Vinay Chandel
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Deblina Biswas
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar 144011, India
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Garreau C, Chiappisi L, Micciulla S, Blanc N, Morfin I, Desorme A, Mignot T, Trombotto S, Delair T, Sudre G. Grafted chitosan thin films of various degrees of acetylation as a reusable platform for the investigation of biological interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125565. [PMID: 37379951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface treatment by adhesive polymers is a promising solution to immobilize and study bacteria cells through microscopic assays and, for example, control their growth or determine their susceptibility to antibiotic treatment. The stability of such functional films in wet conditions is crucial, as the film degradation would compromise a persistent use of the coated devices. In this work, low roughness chitosan thin films of degrees of acetylation (DA) ranging from 0.5 % to 49 % were chemically grafted onto silicon and glass substrates and we have demonstrated how the physicochemical properties of the surfaces and the bacterial response were DA-dependent. A fully deacetylated chitosan film presented an anhydrous crystalline structure while the hydrated crystalline allomorph was the preferred structure at higher DA. Moreover, their hydrophilicity increased at higher DA, leading to higher film swelling. Low DA chitosan-grafted substrate favored bacterial growth away from the surface and could be envisioned as bacteriostatic surfaces. Contrarily, an optimum of Escherichia coli adhesion was found for substrates modified with chitosan of DA = 35 %: these surfaces are adapted for the study of bacterial growth and antibiotic testing, with the possibility of reusing the substrates without affecting the grafted film - ideal for limiting single-use devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Garreau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, IMP UMR 5223, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Samantha Micciulla
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38042, France; Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, 140 Avenue de la Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS, Saint Martin d'Hères F-38402, France
| | - Nils Blanc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Morfin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, 140 Avenue de la Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS, Saint Martin d'Hères F-38402, France
| | - Amandine Desorme
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS-Aix Marseille Université (UMR7283), Marseille, France
| | - Tâm Mignot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS-Aix Marseille Université (UMR7283), Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, IMP UMR 5223, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Delair
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, IMP UMR 5223, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Sudre
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, IMP UMR 5223, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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43
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Ibrahim MA, Alhalafi MH, Emam EAM, Ibrahim H, Mosaad RM. A Review of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanofiber: Preparation, Characterization, and Its Potential Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2820. [PMID: 37447465 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is produced by deacetylating the abundant natural chitin polymer. It has been employed in a variety of applications due to its unique solubility as well as its chemical and biological properties. In addition to being biodegradable and biocompatible, it also possesses a lot of reactive amino side groups that allow for chemical modification and the creation of a wide range of useful derivatives. The physical and chemical characteristics of chitosan, as well as how it is used in the food, environmental, and medical industries, have all been covered in a number of academic publications. Chitosan offers a wide range of possibilities in environmentally friendly textile processes because of its superior absorption and biological characteristics. Chitosan has the ability to give textile fibers and fabrics antibacterial, antiviral, anti-odor, and other biological functions. One of the most well-known and frequently used methods to create nanofibers is electrospinning. This technique is adaptable and effective for creating continuous nanofibers. In the field of biomaterials, new materials include nanofibers made of chitosan. Numerous medications, including antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, proteins, and analgesics for inflammatory pain, have been successfully loaded onto electro-spun nanofibers, according to recent investigations. Chitosan nanofibers have several exceptional qualities that make them ideal for use in important pharmaceutical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, wound dressing, and enzyme immobilization. The preparation of chitosan nanofibers, followed by a discussion of the biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofibers, followed by a description of how to load the drug into the nanofibers, are the first issues highlighted by this review of chitosan nanofibers in drug delivery applications. The main uses of chitosan nanofibers in drug delivery systems will be discussed last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan A Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mona H Alhalafi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Amir M Emam
- Faculty of Applied Arts, Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing Department, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ibrahim
- Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Mosaad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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44
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Xiong A, Ruan L, Ye K, Huang Z, Yu C. Extraction of Chitin from Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) and Its Puparium by Using Biological Treatment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1424. [PMID: 37511799 PMCID: PMC10381830 DOI: 10.3390/life13071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second-largest natural polymer polysaccharide in nature. Due to its important physical and chemical properties and excellent biocompatibility, safety, and biodegradability, it is widely used in agriculture, medicine, food, environmental protection, and other fields. However, traditional extraction methods cause environmental pollution and damage the structure of chitin. Bioprocessing is an emerging technology that shows great potential. In this research, the puparia and adults of black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens L.) were used as raw materials. A continuous fermentation method was designed to extract chitin, by using Bacillus subtilis S4 and Acetobacter pasteurianus AS1.41. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identification results showed that the extracted sample was α-chitin. Under continuous fermentation conditions, the deproteinization (DP) rate, demineralization (DM) rate, chitin yield (CY), and deacetylation degree (DD) of puparium chitin were 33.33%, 94.92%, 59.90%, and 18.52%, respectively. Meanwhile, the DP rate, DM rate, CY, and DD of adult chitin were 46.63%, 90.93%, 47.31%, and 37.38%, respectively. For BSF, B. subtilis S4 had a certain DP ability, and A. pasteurianus AS1.41 had a good DM effect. Moreover, BSF at different developmental stages could affect CY, and a higher concentration of NaOH was more favorable for deacetylation. Overall, simultaneous continuous fermentation could be a new biological approach to extract chitin from BSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Linsen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Kaiyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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45
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Castro-Muñoz R, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibers for encapsulating food bioactive ingredients: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125424. [PMID: 37343613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Today, society has been more aware of healthy food products and related items containing bioactive compounds, which potentially contribute to human health. Unfortunately, the long-term stability and bioactivity of biologically active compounds against environmental factors compromise their target and effective action. In this way, lab-designed vehicles, such as nanoparticles and nanofibers, provide enough properties for their preservation and suitable delivery. Here, the electrospinning technique acts as an effective pathway for fabricating and designing nanofibers for the entrapments of biomolecules, in which several biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides (e.g., maltodextrin, agarose, chitosan), silk, among others, can be used as a wall material. It is likely that chitosan is one of the most employed biomaterials in this field. Therefore, in this review, we reveal the latest advances (over the last 2-3 years) in designing chitosan-based electrospun nanofibers and nanocarriers for encapsulation of bioactive compounds, along with the key applications in smart food packaging as well. Key findings and relevant breakthroughs are a priority in this review to provide a cutting-edge analysis of the literature. Finally, particular attention has been paid to the most promising developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000 San Antonio Buenavista, 50110 Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico.
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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46
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Zhao Q, Fan L, Deng C, Ma C, Zhang C, Zhao L. Bioconversion of chitin into chitin oligosaccharides using a novel chitinase with high chitin-binding capacity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125241. [PMID: 37301336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second largest renewable biomass resource in nature, it can be enzymatically degraded into high-value chitin oligosaccharides (CHOSs) by chitinases. In this study, a chitinase (ChiC8-1) was purified and biochemically characterized, its structure was analyzed by molecular modeling. ChiC8-1 had a molecular mass of approximately 96 kDa, exhibited its optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. The Km and Vmax values of ChiC8-1 towards colloidal chitin were 10.17 mg mL-1 and 13.32 U/mg, respectively. Notably, ChiC8-1 showed high chitin-binding capacity, which may be related to the two chitin binding domains in the N-terminal. Based on the unique properties of ChiC8-1, a modified affinity chromatography method, which combines protein purification with chitin hydrolysis process, was developed to purify ChiC8-1 while hydrolyzing chitin. In this way, 9.36 ± 0.18 g CHOSs powder was directly obtained by hydrolyzing 10 g colloidal chitin with crude enzyme solution. The CHOSs were composed of 14.77-2.83 % GlcNAc and 85.23-97.17 % (GlcNAc)2 at different enzyme-substrate ratio. This process simplifies the tedious purification and separation steps, and may enable its potential application in the field of green production of chitin oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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47
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Mouzahim ME, Eddarai EM, Eladaoui S, Guenbour A, Bellaouchou A, Zarrouk A, Boussen R. Effect of Kaolin clay and Ficus carica mediated silver nanoparticles on chitosan food packaging film for fresh apple slice preservation. Food Chem 2023; 410:135470. [PMID: 36652798 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and biodegradable food packaging film was elaborated, by incorporating natural kaolin clay (KC) and Ficus carica mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into Chitosan (Cht). A comparison of the physico-chemical and functional characteristics of the Cht/KC/AgNPs film was performed with those of Cht, Cht/KC, and Cht/AgNPs. SEM analysis showed a rough surface in the composite films containing KC particles because of their large diameter (50-120 μm) compared to AgNPs (20-80 nm). The FTIR analysis suggested that the interactions between Cht and AgNPs were stronger than those between Cht and KC. The tensile strength of Cht film increased from 16 MPa to ∼24 MPa in Cht/KC/AgNPs film. The introduction of KC and/or AgNPs considerably improved the light and moisture barrier capacity of the Cht film. The UV light transmittance decreased by 50 % for Cht film when incorporated by KC and AgNPs. Moreover, Cht/AgNPs was better in terms of antioxidant, antibacterial, and mechanical compared to Cht/KC, which was superior in biodegradability and water vapor barrier capacity. In particular, the Cht/KC/AgNPs film presented good barrier, antioxidants, antibacterial, mechanical, and biodegradable properties, owing to the synergistic effect between KC and AgNPs. For the packaging properties, all the films were tested for their ability to keep the freshness of apple slices as wrapping material. The films exhibited good results, and the Cht/KC/AgNPs showed promising performance regarding the moisture loss, browning index, total phenolic compound, and antioxidant activity of the apple slices. Moreover, the Cht/KC/AgNPs film exhibited a migration of silver meeting the standards set by EFSA and ECHA, which makes this film safe for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El Mouzahim
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, Agdal-Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - E M Eddarai
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, Agdal-Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - S Eladaoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, Agdal-Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - A Guenbour
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, Agdal-Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - A Bellaouchou
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, Agdal-Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - A Zarrouk
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, Agdal-Rabat BP 1014, Morocco.
| | - R Boussen
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, Agdal-Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
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48
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Hou F, Gong Z, Jia F, Cui W, Song S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang W. Insights into the relationships of modifying methods, structure, functional properties and applications of chitin: A review. Food Chem 2023; 409:135336. [PMID: 36586263 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitin as the second plentiful polysaccharide has arouse widely attention due to its remarkable availability and biocompatibility. While the strong inter/intra molecular hydrogen bonds and crystallinity severely restrict its applications. Recently, multiple emerging technologies are increasingly used to modify chitin structure for the sake of obtaining excellent functional properties, as well as broadening the corresponding applications. Firstly, this review systematically outlines the features of single and combined methods for chitin modification. Then, the impacts of various modifying methods on the structural characteristics of chitin, including molecular weight, degree of acetylation and functional groups, are further summarized. In addition, the effects of these structural characteristics on the functional properties as well as its potential related applications are illustrated. The conclusion of this review provides better understanding of the relationships among the modifying methods, structure, properties and applications, contributing to chitin modification for the targeted purpose in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengjuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenjia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
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49
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Mukarram M, Khan MMA, Kurjak D, Corpas FJ. Chitosan oligomers (COS) trigger a coordinated biochemical response of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) plants to palliate salinity-induced oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8636. [PMID: 37244976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant susceptibility to salt depends on several factors from its genetic makeup to modifiable physiological and biochemical status. We used lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) plants as a relevant medicinal and aromatic cash crop to assess the potential benefits of chitosan oligomers (COS) on plant growth and essential oil productivity during salinity stress (160 and 240 mM NaCl). Five foliar sprays of 120 mg L-1 of COS were applied weekly. Several aspects of photosynthesis, gas exchange, cellular defence, and essential oil productivity of lemongrass were traced. The obtained data indicated that 120 mg L-1 COS alleviated photosynthetic constraints and raised the enzymatic antioxidant defence including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities that minimised salt-induced oxidative damage. Further, stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) were improved to support overall plant development. The same treatment increased geraniol dehydrogenase (GeDH) activity and lemongrass essential oil production. COS-induced salt resilience suggests that COS could become a useful biotechnological tool in reclaiming saline soil for improved crop productivity, especially when such soil is unfit for leading food crops. Considering its additional economic value in the essential oil industry, we propose COS-treated lemongrass as an excellent alternative crop for saline lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia.
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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50
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Mohite P, Shah SR, Singh S, Rajput T, Munde S, Ade N, Prajapati BG, Paliwal H, Mori DD, Dudhrejiya AV. Chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide: a versatile biopolymer with endless grafting possibilities for multifarious applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1190879. [PMID: 37274159 PMCID: PMC10235636 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chito-oligosaccharides (COS), derived from chitosan (CH), are attracting increasing attention as drug delivery carriers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties. Grafting, the process of chemically modifying CH/COS by adding side chains, has been used to improve their drug delivery performance by enhancing their stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth study on the recent advances in the grafting of CH/COS for multifarious applications. Moreover, the various strategies and techniques used for grafting, including chemical modification, enzymatic modification, and physical modification, are elaborated. The properties of grafted CH/COS, such as stability, solubility, and biocompatibility, were reported. Additionally, the review detailed the various applications of grafted CH/COS in drug delivery, including the delivery of small drug molecule, proteins, and RNA interference therapeutics. Furthermore, the effectiveness of grafted CH/COS in improving the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs was included. Finally, the challenges and limitations associated with the use of grafted CH/COS for drug delivery and outline directions for future research are addressed. The insights provided in this review will be valuable for researchers and drug development professionals interested in the application of grafted CH/COS for multifarious applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Mohite
- AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunny R. Shah
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanavirsing Rajput
- AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubham Munde
- AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Ade
- AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, India
| | - Himanshu Paliwal
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dhaval D. Mori
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, India
| | - Ashvin V. Dudhrejiya
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, India
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