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Dubey S, Harbourne N, Harty M, Hurley D, Elliott-Kingston C. Microgreens Production: Exploiting Environmental and Cultural Factors for Enhanced Agronomical Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2631. [PMID: 39339608 PMCID: PMC11435253 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
An exponential growth in global population is expected to reach nine billion by 2050, demanding a 70% increase in agriculture productivity, thus illustrating the impact of global crop production on the environment and the importance of achieving greater agricultural yields. Globally, the variety of high-quality microgreens is increasing through indoor farming at both small and large scales. The major concept of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) seeks to provide an alternative to traditional agricultural cultivation. Microgreens have become popular in the twenty-first century as a food in the salad category that can fulfil some nutrient requirements. Microgreens are young seedlings that offer a wide spectrum of colours, flavours, and textures, and are characterised as a "functional food" due to their nutraceutical properties. Extensive research has shown that the nutrient profile of microgreens can be desirably tailored by preharvest cultivation and postharvest practices. This study provides new insight into two major categories, (i) environmental and (ii) cultural, responsible for microgreens' growth and aims to explore the various agronomical factors involved in microgreens production. In addition, the review summarises recent studies that show these factors have a significant influence on microgreens development and nutritional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Dubey
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (N.H.); (M.H.); (D.H.); (C.E.-K.)
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Ciriello M, Campana E, Kyriacou MC, El-Nakhel C, Graziani G, Cardarelli M, Colla G, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Plant-derived biostimulant as priming agents enhanced antioxidant and nutritive properties in brassicaceous microgreens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5921-5929. [PMID: 38450779 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microgreens constitute dietary sources of bioactive compounds imparting numerous health benefits and enhancing sensory experience. They can be successfully cultivated in soilless systems where biostimulants can be easily integrated as seed-priming and post-germination agents improving the sustainability of a crop's final production. Compared to an untreated control, three priming agents (a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate (A250), a novel protein hydrolysate derived from peanut biomass (H250) and hydropriming (H2O)) were applied to Komatsuna and Mibuna seeds grown as microgreens and compared for their effects on yield parameters, mineral composition, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant capacity, carotenoid concentration and phenolic compounds. RESULTS Significant effects of the main experimental factors and their interactions were identified on antioxidant capacity. Compared to the control and hydropriming, the highest ABTS and FRAP values were observed in Mibuna with the A250 and H250 treatments, respectively. Additionally, the H250 treatment increased the total concentrations of phenolic acid derivatives and flavonoid derivatives in Mibuna and Komatsuna, in tune with the levels of total flavonoids. Concerning mineral composition, the highest concentrations in both species were those of phosphorus and nitrate. CONCLUSION These results highlight the potential of select plant-based biostimulants as priming agents to enhance the antioxidant capacity, nutrient content and bioactive compound content, thus further increasing their functional and nutritive quality. In the light of this, the possibility of reducing the application of fertilizers by promoting a green transition for the intensive production of microgreens could subsequently be evaluated. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Emanuela Campana
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marios C Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Bungala LDC, Park SU, Nguyen BV, Lim J, Kim K, Kim JK, Park CH, Le AT, Chung YS, Yeo HJ. Effect of LED Lights on Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activities in Red Pakchoi Baby Leaves. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23420-23430. [PMID: 38854528 PMCID: PMC11154946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in Asian countries, and it is high in secondary metabolites. The availability, quantity, and quality of light play a critical role in the growth and development of plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of LEDs (light-emitting diodes; white, blue, red, and red + blue) on anthocyanin, glucosinolates, and phenolic levels in red pakchoi baby leaves. On the 24th day after sowing (DAS), red baby pakchoi leaves were harvested, and shoot length, root length, and fresh weight were measured. Among the different LED treatments, there was no significant difference in shoot length, whereas the highest root length was achieved in the red + blue LED treatment (23.8 cm). The fresh weight also showed a significant difference among the different LED treatments. In total, 12 phenolic and 7 glucosinolate individual compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The highest total glucosinolate (2937 μg/g dry wt) and phenolic (1589 μg/g dry wt) contents were achieved in baby leaves exposed to red + blue light. Similarly, the highest contents of total anthocyanins (1726 μg/g dry wt), flavonoids (4920 μg/g dry wt), and phenolics (5900 μg/g dry wt) were achieved in the red + blue treatment. Plants exposed to red + blue LED light showed the highest accumulation of anthocyanin, glucosinolates, and phenolic compounds. For antioxidant activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical) free radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, and reducing power assays were performed, and the antioxidant activity of red pakchoi baby leaves grown under red + blue LED light was found to be the best. The metabolic profiling of the identified metabolites revealed distinct separation based on the secondary metabolites. This research will be helpful for farmers to choose the best LED light combination to increase the secondary metabolic content in pakchoi plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel
Tarcisio da Cristina Bungala
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Mozambique
Agricultural Research Institute, Central Regional Center, Highway N° 6, P.O. Box 42, Chimoio 0606-01, Mozambique
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Van Nguyen
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lim
- Department
of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence
Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon
National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Le
- Department
of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju
National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department
of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju
National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Zou Q, Li W, Zhang C, Bao J, Lyu H, Duan M. Shy and Bold Fish Have the Same Preference for Light Color Selection. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1583. [PMID: 38891630 PMCID: PMC11171122 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Personality, which matters for animal welfare, demonstrates behavioral differences. Light is one of the most important factors in aquaculture. However, how fish personality affects light color selection is unclear. In this study, we tested the personality of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco juveniles and then quantified the selective behaviors of different personalities under six light colors: violet (410-420 nm), yellow (580-590 nm), green (550-560 nm), red (620-630 nm), blue (470-480 nm), and white. The results showed that juveniles preferred the yellow and green light over the other colors of light, probably due to different reasons. The average cumulative dwell time in yellow (32.81 ± 5.22%), green (21.81 ± 3.58%), and red (26.36 ± 4.89%) lights was significantly longer than the other light colors, and the average visit frequency in green light (32.00 ± 4.93%) was the most. Juveniles had the longest total moved distance in green light. Moreover, the results demonstrated that shy and bold individuals had the same preference for the green light. Bold individuals could find the preferred light colors rapidly and make quick decisions for light color selection. After identifying the preferred light colors, bold individuals reduced the frequency of exploration. This study provides a theoretical basis for the welfare of juvenile yellow catfish in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.); (J.B.); (H.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.); (J.B.); (H.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chaoshuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.); (J.B.); (H.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianghui Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.); (J.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Huafei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.); (J.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Ming Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.); (J.B.); (H.L.)
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Fayezizadeh MR, Ansari NA, Sourestani MM, Fujita M, Hasanuzzaman M. Management of Secondary Metabolite Synthesis and Biomass in Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Microgreens Using Different Continuous-Spectrum LED Lights. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1394. [PMID: 38794463 PMCID: PMC11125838 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Different LED light spectra (LS) are absorbed by different plant photoreceptors and can control biomass and plant secondary metabolite synthesis. In this study, the effects of continuous-spectrum LED lights (red, blue, white, red + blue, and 12 h blue + 12 h red) on the production value, antioxidant compounds, and biomass of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) microgreens (Red Rubin, Violeto, and Kapoor cultivars and the Ablagh genotype) were investigated. The results showed significant effects of LS on cultivar (Cv) and the interaction of LS and Cv on the studied traits. The highest quantitys of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and nitrate were obtained in Violeto under blue lighting. Red lighting enhanced starch synthesis in Red Rubin and flavonoids in the Violeto Cv. The highest biomass (4.54 kg m-2) was observed in the Ablagh genotype and the highest carbohydrate synthesis in Violeto Cv in the red + blue treatment. The highest anthocyanin content (26.33 mg 100 g-1 FW) was observed for Red Rubin Cv under 12 h blue + 12 h red light. The greatest antioxidant capacity (83.57% inhibition), the highest levels of phenolic compounds (2027.25 mg GA 100 g-1 FW), vitamin C (405.76 mg 100 g-1 FW), proline, antioxidant potential composite index (APCI), and the greatest production values were obtained for the Ablagh genotype under blue lighting. Taken together, the experiment findings indicate that growing the Ablagh genotype under continuous blue lighting can increase the antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds, and vitamin C and that this LED light spectrum can be used as a practical method to produce basil microgreens with high nutritional health value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Fayezizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Naser Alemzadeh Ansari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wang Y, Shang J, Li Z, Zhang A, Cheng Y. Establishment and application of a rapid diagnostic method for BVDV and IBRV using recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow device. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1360504. [PMID: 38601910 PMCID: PMC11005059 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV) are the two most prevalent infectious diseases in cattle. They both can cause persistent infection and immunosuppression, resulting in significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Therefore, rapid detection of early BVDV and IBRV infections is crucial. In this study, a method for the rapid detection of BVDV and IBRV was established by using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow device (LFD). By optimizing the temperature and time conditions of the RPA reaction, the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical performance were evaluated. The results indicated that the RPA reaction could be completed at 40°C within 25 min. The LOD for BVDV and IBRV by RPA-LFD were 5.1 × 101 copies/μL and 6.65 × 101 copies/μL, respectively, with no cross-reactivity observed with other viruses such as CSFV, BRSV, BPIV3, BRV, and BCoV. Testing of 32 clinical samples showed consistent results between RPA-LFD and qPCR. The RPA-LFD method established in this study can be used for the rapid clinical detection of BVDV and IBRV, which providing a rapid and convenient molecular biology approach for on-site rapid detection and epidemiological investigations. Simultaneously, it offers technical support for the prevention and control of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuening Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Economic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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7
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Gómez MJR, Magro PC, Blázquez MR, Maestro-Gaitán I, Iñiguez FMS, Sobrado VC, Prieto JM. Nutritional composition of quinoa leafy greens: An underutilized plant-based food with the potential of contributing to current dietary trends. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113862. [PMID: 38309894 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) leafy greens (QLGs) are plant-based foods of high nutritional value that have been scarcely studied. In this work, the nutritional and functional composition of three QLGs varieties was evaluated. A protein content higher than 35 g 100 g-1 dw with a well-balanced essential amino acid composition was found making them a good source of vegetable protein. In addition, elevated contents of dietary fibre and minerals, higher than those detected in quinoa seeds and other leafy vegetables, were found. The lipid profile showed higher contents of linoleic (C18:2, ω6) (20.2 %) and linolenic acids (C18:3, ω3) (52.8 %) with low ω6/ ω3 ratios (∼0.4/1). A total sugar content <1 g 100 g-1 dw was found for all varieties tested, lower than that obtained in seeds. The saponin content varied between 0.76 and 0.87 %. Also, high values of total phenolic compounds (969.8-1195.4 mg gallic acid 100 g-1), mainly hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, and great antioxidant activities (7.64-8.90 g Trolox kg-1) were found. Multivariate analysis here used allowed us to classify the samples according to the quinoa variety evaluated, and the sequential stepwise multiple regression applied revealed that the PUFA and sucrose contents negatively influenced the protein content while the palmitic acid content affected positively this parameter. Overall, this study shows that QLGs are promising nutritious and functional plant-based foods supporting the necessity of promoting their cultivation, commercialization, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Rodríguez Gómez
- Área de Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Extremadura, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Avenida Adolfo Suárez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Patricia Calvo Magro
- Área de Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Extremadura, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Avenida Adolfo Suárez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Reguera Blázquez
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, c/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Maestro-Gaitán
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, c/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F M Sánchez Iñiguez
- Área de Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Extremadura, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Avenida Adolfo Suárez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Verónica Cruz Sobrado
- Centro de Investigación Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Autovía Madrid-Lisboa s/n, 06187 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Matías Prieto
- Centro de Investigación Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Autovía Madrid-Lisboa s/n, 06187 Badajoz, Spain
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Sodedji KAF, Assogbadjo AE, Lee B, Kim HY. An Integrated Approach for Biofortification of Carotenoids in Cowpea for Human Nutrition and Health. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:412. [PMID: 38337945 PMCID: PMC10856932 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Stress-resilient and highly nutritious legume crops can alleviate the burden of malnutrition and food security globally. Here, we focused on cowpea, a legume grain widely grown and consumed in regions at a high risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and we discussed the past and present research on carotenoid biosynthesis, highlighting different knowledge gaps and prospects for increasing this micronutrient in various edible parts of the crop. The literature survey revealed that, although carotenoids are important micronutrients for human health and nutrition, like in many other pulses, the potential of carotenoid biofortification in cowpea is still underexploited. We found that there is, to some extent, progress in the quantification of this micronutrient in cowpea; however, the diversity in content in the edible parts of the crop, namely, grains, pods, sprouts, and leaves, among the existing cowpea genetic resources was uncovered. Based on the description of the different factors that can influence carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in cowpea, we anticipated that an integrated use of omics in breeding coupled with mutagenesis and genetic engineering in a plant factory system would help to achieve a timely and efficient increase in carotenoid content in cowpea for use in the food systems in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kpedetin Ariel Frejus Sodedji
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin;
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin;
| | - Bokyung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Garegnani M, Sandri C, Pacelli C, Ferranti F, Bennici E, Desiderio A, Nardi L, Villani ME. Non-destructive real-time analysis of plant metabolite accumulation in radish microgreens under different LED light recipes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1289208. [PMID: 38273958 PMCID: PMC10808373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1289208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The future of human space missions relies on the ability to provide adequate food resources for astronauts and also to reduce stress due to the environment (microgravity and cosmic radiation). In this context, microgreens have been proposed for the astronaut diet because of their fast-growing time and their high levels of bioactive compounds and nutrients (vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, etc.), which are even higher than mature plants, and are usually consumed as ready-to-eat vegetables. Methods Our study aimed to identify the best light recipe for the soilless cultivation of two cultivars of radish microgreens (Raphanus sativus, green daikon, and rioja improved) harvested eight days after sowing that could be used for space farming. The effects on plant metabolism of three different light emitting diodes (LED) light recipes (L1-20% red, 20% green, 60% blue; L2-40% red, 20% green, 40% blue; L3-60% red, 20% green, 20% blue) were tested on radish microgreens hydroponically grown. A fluorimetric-based technique was used for a real-time non-destructive screening to characterize plant methabolism. The adopted sensors allowed us to quantitatively estimate the fluorescence of flavonols, anthocyanins, and chlorophyll via specific indices verified by standardized spectrophotometric methods. To assess plant growth, morphometric parameters (fresh and dry weight, cotyledon area and weight, hypocotyl length) were analyzed. Results We observed a statistically significant positive effect on biomass accumulation and productivity for both cultivars grown under the same light recipe (40% blue, 20% green, 40% red). We further investigated how the addition of UV and/or far-red LED lights could have a positive effect on plant metabolite accumulation (anthocyanins and flavonols). Discussion These results can help design plant-based bioregenerative life-support systems for long-duration human space exploration, by integrating fluorescence-based non-destructive techniques to monitor the accumulation of metabolites with nutraceutical properties in soilless cultivated microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garegnani
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department for Sustainability Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Sandri
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department for Sustainability Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Pacelli
- Human Spaceflight and Scientific Research Unit, Italian Space Agency, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferranti
- Human Spaceflight and Scientific Research Unit, Italian Space Agency, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bennici
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department for Sustainability Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Angiola Desiderio
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department for Sustainability Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Nardi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department for Sustainability Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Villani
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department for Sustainability Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
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10
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Chávez García SN, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Nery Flores S, Silva-Belmares SY, Esparza-González SC, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Flores-Gallegos AC. Sprouts as probiotic carriers: A new trend to improve consumer nutrition. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 7:100185. [PMID: 38155686 PMCID: PMC10753383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, efforts to eradicate hunger in the world have led to the generation of sustainable development goals to reduce poverty and inequality. It is estimated that the current coronavirus pandemic could add between 83 and 132 million to the total number of undernourished people in the world by 2021. Food insecurity is a contributing factor to the increase in malnutrition, overweight and obesity due to the quality of diets to which people have access. It is therefore necessary to develop functional foods that meet the needs of the population, such as the incorporation of sprouts in their formulation to enhance nutritional quality. Germination of grains and seeds can be used as a low-cost bioprocessing technique that provides higher nutritional value and better bioavailability of nutrients. Consequently, the manuscript describes relevant information about the germination process in different seeds, the changes caused in their nutritional value and the use of techniques within the imbibition phase to modify the metabolic profiles within the sprouts such as inoculation with lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, to generate a functional symbiotic food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Cecilia Esparza-González
- School of Odontology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas S/N, Republica Oriente, C.P. 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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11
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Kabadayı SN, Sadiq NB, Hamayun M, Park NI, Kim HY. Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:54. [PMID: 38247479 PMCID: PMC10812770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has long been widely used for its therapeutic potential. In our current study, we investigated the impact of abiotic stress induced by infrared (IR) radiations and sodium silicate on the upregulation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase levels, as well as the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) variety Yeonpoong. The RSM-based design was used to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction time (1-3 h) and temperature (40-60 °C) for better anti-tyrosinase activity and improved antioxidant potential. The optimal extraction results were obtained with a one-hour extraction time, at a temperature of 40 °C, and with a 1.0 mM sodium silicate treatment. We recorded maximum anti-tyrosinase (53.69%) and antioxidant (40.39%) activities when RSM conditions were kept at 875.2 mg GAE/100 g TPC, and 3219.58 mg catechin/100 g. When 1.0 mM sodium silicate was added to the media and extracted at 40 °C for 1 h, the highest total ginsenoside content (368.09 mg/g) was recorded, with variations in individual ginsenosides. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, and F2 were significantly affected by extraction temperature, while Rb2 and Rc were influenced by the sodium silicate concentration. Moreover, ginsenoside F2 increased with the sodium silicate treatment, while the Rg3-S content decreased. Interestingly, higher temperatures favored greater ginsenoside diversity while sodium silicate impacted PPD-type ginsenosides. It was observed that the actual experimental values closely matched the predicted values, and this agreement was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Our findings suggest that the application of IR irradiation in hydroponic systems can help to improve the quality of ginseng sprouts when supplemented with sodium silicate in hydroponic media. Optimized extraction conditions using ultrasonication can be helpful in improving antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Nur Kabadayı
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (S.N.K.); (N.B.S.)
| | - Nooruddin Bin Sadiq
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (S.N.K.); (N.B.S.)
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Nam-Il Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (S.N.K.); (N.B.S.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bottiglione B, Villani A, Mastropasqua L, De Leonardis S, Paciolla C. Blue and Red LED Lights Differently Affect Growth Responses and Biochemical Parameters in Lentil ( Lens culinaris). BIOLOGY 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 38248443 PMCID: PMC10813626 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes are an attractive tool for improving the yield and quality of plant products. This study investigated the effect of different light intensity and spectral composition on the growth, bioactive compound content, and antioxidant metabolism of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seedlings after 3 and 5 days of LED treatment. Two monochromatic light quality × three light intensity treatments were tested: red light (RL) and blue light (BL) at photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 100, 300, and 500 μmol m-2 s-1. Both light quality and intensity did not affect germination. At both harvest times, the length of seedling growth under BL appeared to decrease, while RL stimulated the growth with an average increase of 26.7% and 62% compared to BL and seedlings grown in the darkness (D). A significant blue light effect was detected on ascorbate reduced form, with an average increase of 35% and 50% compared to RL-grown plantlets in the two days of harvesting, respectively. The content of chlorophyll and carotenoids largely varied according to the wavelength and intensity applied and the age of the seedlings. Lipid peroxidation increased with increasing light intensity in both treatments, and a strong H2O2 formation occurred in BL. These results suggest that red light can promote the elongation of lentil seedlings, while blue light enhances the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bottiglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (B.B.); (L.M.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Alessandra Villani
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Linda Mastropasqua
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (B.B.); (L.M.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Silvana De Leonardis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (B.B.); (L.M.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Costantino Paciolla
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (B.B.); (L.M.); (S.D.L.)
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13
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Zeng W, Yang J, He Y, Zhu Z. Bioactive compounds in cruciferous sprouts and microgreens and the effects of sulfur nutrition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7323-7332. [PMID: 37254614 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous sprouts and microgreens are a good source of bioactive compounds for human health as they are rich in glucosinolates, polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins. Glucosinolates - sulfur-containing bioactive phytochemicals - have anti-cancer effects. They mainly exist in cruciferous vegetables. Sulfur is one of the essential elements for plants and is an indispensable component of glucosinolates. This paper summarizes the nutritional value of cruciferous spouts and microgreens, along with the effects of sulfur nutrition on bioactive phytochemical compounds of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens, especially glucosinolates, with the aim of providing information about the dietary effects of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zeng
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Frąszczak B, Kula-Maximenko M, Podsędek A, Sosnowska D, Unegbu KC, Spiżewski T. Morphological and Photosynthetic Parameters of Green and Red Kale Microgreens Cultivated under Different Light Spectra. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3800. [PMID: 38005697 PMCID: PMC10674929 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Microgreens are plants eaten at a very early stage of development, having a very high nutritional value. Among a large group of species, those from the Brassicaceae family, including kale, are very popularly grown as microgreens. Typically, microgreens are grown under controlled conditions under light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the effect of light on the quality of grown microgreens varies. The present study aimed to determine the effect of artificial white light with varying proportions of red (R) and blue (B) light on the morphological and photosynthetic parameters of kale microgreens with green and red leaves. The R:B ratios were for white light (W) 0.63, for red-enhanced white light (W + R) 0.75, and for white and blue light (W + B) 0.38 at 230 µmol m-2 s-1 PPFD. The addition of both blue and red light had a positive effect on the content of active compounds in the plants, including flavonoids and carotenoids. Red light had a stronger effect on the seedling area and the dry mass and relative chlorophyll content of red-leaved kale microgreens. Blue light, in turn, had a stronger effect on green kale, including dry mass. The W + B light combination negatively affected the chlorophyll content of both cultivars although the leaves were significantly thicker compared to cultivation under W + R light. In general, the cultivar with red leaves had less sensitivity to the photosynthetic apparatus to the spectrum used. The changes in PSII were much smaller in red kale compared to green kale. Too much red light caused a deterioration in the PSII vitality index in green kale. Red and green kale require an individual spectrum with different proportions of blue and red light at different growth stages to achieve plants with a large leaf area and high nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Frąszczak
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland; (K.C.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Monika Kula-Maximenko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (A.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dorota Sosnowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (A.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Kingsley Chinazor Unegbu
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland; (K.C.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Spiżewski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland; (K.C.U.); (T.S.)
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15
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Perchuk IN, Shelenga TV, Burlyaeva MO. The Effect of Illumination Patterns during Mung Bean Seed Germination on the Metabolite Composition of the Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3772. [PMID: 37960128 PMCID: PMC10649298 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) sprouts are popular over the world because of their taste, nutritional value, well-balanced biochemical composition, and other properties beneficial for human health. Germination conditions affect the composition of metabolites in mung bean sprouts, so a detailed study into its variability is required. This article presents the results of a comparison of the metabolite composition in the leaves of mung bean sprouts germinated first in the dark (DS) and then in the light (LS). Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) made it possible to identify more than 100 compounds representing various groups of phytochemicals. Alcohols, amino acids, and saccharides predominated in the total amount of compounds. The analysis of metabolomic profiles exposed a fairly high intra- and intervarietal variability in the metabolite content. DS and LS differed in the qualitative and quantitative content of the identified compounds. The intravarietal variability was more pronounced in DS than in LS. DS demonstrated higher levels of saccharides, fatty acids, acylglycerols, and phenolic compounds, while amino acids were higher in LS. Changes were recorded in the quantitative content of metabolites participating in the response of plants to stressors-ornithine, proline, GABA, inositol derivatives, etc. The changes were probably induced by the stress experienced by the sprouts when they were transferred from shade to light. The analysis of variance and principal factor analysis showed the statistically significant effect of germination conditions on the content of individual compounds in leaves. The identified features of metabolite variability in mung bean genotypes grown under different conditions will contribute to more accurate selection of an illumination pattern to obtain sprouts with desirable biochemical compositions for use in various diets and products with high nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Perchuk
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42,44, B. Morskaya Street, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Marina. O. Burlyaeva
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42,44, B. Morskaya Street, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
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16
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Lee ES, Kim YI, Lee JH, Kim YG, Han KS, Yoon YH, Cho BO, Park K, Lee H, Cho JS. Comparison of Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Adlay [ Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf.] Sprout at Several Harvest Time. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2975. [PMID: 37631186 PMCID: PMC10458144 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the consumption of plant-based foods such as vegetables and grains for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment. Adlay seeds contain physiologically active substances, including coixol, coixenolide, and lactams. In this study, adlay sprouts were cultivated and harvested at various time points, specifically at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 days after sowing. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, and total polyphenol contents. The toxicity of the extracts was assessed using cell culture and the WST-1 assay. The aboveground components of the sprouts demonstrated a significant increase in length, ranging from 2.75 cm to 21.87 cm, weight, ranging from 0.05 g to 0.32 g, and biomass, ranging from 161.4 g to 1319.1 g, as the number of days after sowing advanced, reaching its peak coixol content of 39.38 mg/g on the third day after sowing. Notably, the antioxidant enzyme activity was highest between the third and fifth days after sowing. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression was most prominent in samples harvested from the ninth to eleventh days after sowing, corresponding to the later stage of growth. While the overall production mass increased with the number of days after sowing, considering factors such as yield increase index per unit area, turnover rate, and antioxidant activity, harvesting at the early growth stage, specifically between the fifth and seventh days after sowing, was found to be economically advantageous. Thus, the quality, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity of adlay sprouts varied depending on the harvest time, highlighting the importance of determining the appropriate harvest time based on the production objectives. This study demonstrates the changes in the growth and quality of adlay sprouts in relation to the harvest time, emphasizing the potential for developing a market for adlay sprouts as a new food product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Song Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Yong-Goo Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Kyung-Sook Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Young-Ho Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Byoung-Ok Cho
- Institute of Health Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Park
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamin Lee
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Sung Cho
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Cheng Y, Xiang N, Chen H, Zhao Y, Wang L, Cheng X, Guo X. The modulation of light quality on carotenoid and tocochromanol biosynthesis in mung bean ( Vigna radiata) sprouts. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 6:100170. [PMID: 36950347 PMCID: PMC10025981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the regulatory mechanisms of white, blue, red lights on carotenoid and tocochromanol biosynthesis in mung bean sprouts. Results showed that three lights stimulated the increase of the predominated lutein (3.2-8.1 folds) and violaxanthin (2.1-6.1 folds) in sprouts as compared with dark control, as well as β-carotene (20-36 folds), with the best yield observed under white light. Light signals also promoted α- and γ-tocopherol accumulation (up to 1.8 folds) as compared with dark control. The CRTISO, LUT5 and DXS (1.24-6.34 folds) exhibited high expression levels under light quality conditions, resulting in an overaccumulation of carotenoids. The MPBQ-MT, TC and TMT were decisive genes in tocochromanol biosynthesis, and were expressed up to 4.19 folds as compared with control. Overall, the results could provide novel insights into light-mediated regulation and fortification of carotenoids and tocopherols, as well as guide future agricultural cultivation of mung bean sprouts.
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Key Words
- BL, blue light
- Biofortification
- Biosynthesis
- CK, dark control
- Carotenoids
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- LEDs, light-emitting diodes
- LHCII, light-harvesting complex of PSII
- LQ, light quality
- Light quality
- MEP, methylerythritol phosphate
- Mung bean
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- PS, photosynthesis
- PSII, photosystem II
- PSs, photosystems
- RL, red light
- Tocopherols
- VAD, vitamin A deficiency
- WL, white light
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuzhen Cheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Dong Y, Wang N, Wang S, Wang J, Peng W. A review: The nutrition components, active substances and flavonoid accumulation of Tartary buckwheat sprouts and innovative physical technology for seeds germinating. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1168361. [PMID: 37476405 PMCID: PMC10355155 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1168361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with the common grain, Tartary buckwheat enjoys higher nutritional value. Some distinctive nutrition associated with physiological activity of Tartary buckwheat is valuable in medicine. In addition, it's a good feed crop. In the paper, the main components (starch, protein, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral) and polyphenol bioactive components in Tartary buckwheat and its sprouts were reviewed, and the accumulation of flavonoids in sprouts during germination, especially the methods, synthetic pathways and mechanisms of flavonoid accumulation was summarized. The research on bioactive components and health benefits of Tartary buckwheat also were reviewed. Besides, the applications of innovative physical technology including microwave, magnetic, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and light were also mentioned and highlighted, which could promote the enrichment of some active substances during seeds germination and growth of Tartary buckwheat sprouts. It would give a good support and benefit for the research and processing of Tartary buckwheat and its sprouts in next day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Dong
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shunmin Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Junzhen Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Science Liang Shan, Liangshan, China
| | - Wenping Peng
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
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Trivellini A, Toscano S, Romano D, Ferrante A. The Role of Blue and Red Light in the Orchestration of Secondary Metabolites, Nutrient Transport and Plant Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2026. [PMID: 37653943 PMCID: PMC10223693 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Light is a fundamental environmental parameter for plant growth and development because it provides an energy source for carbon fixation during photosynthesis and regulates many other physiological processes through its signaling. In indoor horticultural cultivation systems, sole-source light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown great potential for optimizing growth and producing high-quality products. Light is also a regulator of flowering, acting on phytochromes and inducing or inhibiting photoperiodic plants. Plants respond to light quality through several light receptors that can absorb light at different wavelengths. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the role of blue and red light in the modulation of important plant quality traits, nutrient absorption and assimilation, as well as secondary metabolites, and includes the dynamic signaling networks that are orchestrated by blue and red wavelengths with a focus on transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, plant productivity, and the nutritional quality of products. Moreover, it highlights future lines of research that should increase our knowledge to develop tailored light recipes to shape the plant characteristics and the nutritional and nutraceutical value of horticultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Trivellini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefania Toscano
- Department of Science Veterinary, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Tsaballa A, Xanthopoulou A, Sperdouli I, Bantis F, Boutsika A, Chatzigeorgiou I, Tsaliki E, Koukounaras A, Ntinas GK, Ganopoulos I. LED omics in Rocket Salad ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia): Comparative Analysis in Different Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Spectrum and Energy Consumption. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1203. [PMID: 36986894 PMCID: PMC10059670 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
By applying three different LED light treatments, designated as blue (B), red (R)/blue (B), red (R) and white (W) light, as well as the control, the effect on Diplotaxis tenuifolia phenotype (yield and quality), and physiological, biochemical, and molecular status, as well as growing system resource use efficiency, was examined. We observed that basic leaf characteristics, such as leaf area, leaf number, relative chlorophyll content, as well as root characteristics, such as total root length and root architecture, remained unaffected by different LEDs. Yield expressed in fresh weight was slightly lower in LED lights than in the control (1113 g m-2), with R light producing the least (679 g m-2). However, total soluble solids were significantly affected (highest, 5.5° Brix, in R light) and FRAP was improved in all LED lights (highest, 191.8 μg/g FW, in B) in comparison to the control, while the nitrate content was less (lowest, 949.2 μg/g FW, in R). Differential gene expression showed that B LED light affected more genes in comparison to R and R/B lights. Although total phenolic content was improved under all LED lights (highest, 1.05 mg/g FW, in R/B), we did not detect a significant amount of DEGs in the phenylpropanoid pathway. R light positively impacts the expression of the genes encoding for photosynthesis components. On the other hand, the positive impact of R light on SSC was possibly due to the expression of key genes being induced, such as SUS1. In summary, this research is an integrative and innovative study, where the exploration of the effect of different LED lights on rocket growing under protected cultivation, in a closed chamber cultivation system, was performed at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite Tsaballa
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Aliki Xanthopoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsaliki
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Ntinas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
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21
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Han W, Ward JL, Kong Y, Li X. Editorial: Targeted and untargeted metabolomics for the evaluation of plant metabolites in response to the environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1167513. [PMID: 36938031 PMCID: PMC10020689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1167513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jane L. Ward
- Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Lim YJ, Kwon SJ, Eom SH. Red and blue light-specific metabolic changes in soybean seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128001. [PMID: 36938020 PMCID: PMC10014548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red and blue artificial light sources are commonly used as photosynthetic lighting in smart farm facilities, and they can affect the metabolisms of various primary and secondary metabolites. Although the soybean plant contains major flavonoids such as isoflavone and flavonol, using light factors to produce specific flavonoids from this plant remains difficult because the regulation of light-responded flavonoids is poorly understood. In this study, metabolic profiling of soybean seedlings in response to red and blue lights was evaluated, and the isoflavone-flavonol regulatory mechanism under different light irradiation periods was elucidated. Profiling of metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, organic acids, free sugars, alcohol sugars, and sugar acids, revealed that specific flavonol, isoflavone, and phenolic acid showed irradiation time-dependent accumulation. Therefore, the metabolic gene expression level and accumulation of isoflavone and flavonol were further investigated. The light irradiation period regulated kaempferol glycoside, the predominant flavonol in soybeans, with longer light irradiation resulting in higher kaempferol glycoside content, regardless of photosynthetic lights. Notably, blue light stimulated kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-dirhamnosyl)-galactoside accumulation more than red light. Meanwhile, isoflavones were controlled differently based on isoflavone types. Malonyl daidzin and malonyl genistin, the predominant isoflavones in soybeans, were significantly increased by short-term red light irradiation (12 and 36 h) with higher expressions of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, which contributed to the increased total isoflavone level. Although most isoflavones increased in response to red and blue lights, daidzein increased in response only to red light. In addition, prolonged red light irradiation downregulated the accumulation of glycitin types, suggesting that isoflavone's structural specificity results in different accumulation in response to light. Overall, these findings suggest that the application of specific wavelength and irradiation periods of light factors enables the regulation and acquisition of specialized metabolites from soybean seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Lim
- Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Kwon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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23
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Demir K, Sarıkamış G, Çakırer Seyrek G. Effect of LED lights on the growth, nutritional quality and glucosinolate content of broccoli, cabbage and radish microgreens. Food Chem 2023; 401:134088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Cheng Y, Chen H, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Wang L, Guo X. Effect of light quality on polyphenol biosynthesis in three varieties of mung bean sprouts with different color seed coats. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:253-268. [PMID: 36447023 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of the effect of different light qualities on the synthesis and regulation of mung bean sprouts. Light quality acts as a signal molecule, strongly enhancing polyphenol biosynthesis in sprouts. Mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts are a popular sprouting vegetable all over the world and are an excellent source of polyphenols with high antioxidant activity. This study investigated the effects of light qualities on the kinetic changes and metabolic regulation mechanism of light signal-mediating polyphenols in three mung bean sprout cultivars. Experimental results showed that three light qualities significantly enhanced the contents of caffeic acid, rutin, vitexin, genistin and delphinidin 3-glucoside. Interestingly, ferulic acid and vitexin responded selectively to blue light and red light, severally. Most genes involved in polyphenol biosynthesis were activated under different light quality conditions, resulting in an overaccumulation of phenylpropanoids. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PAL, F3H, F3'H and F3'5'H expression correlated highly with rutin, whereas ANS expression paralleled anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, MYB111, MYB3, MYB4, MYB1 and MYC2 were critical regulators of polyphenol biosynthesis in mung bean sprouts. These changes were likely due to the changes in the expression of the photoreceptor genes CRY-D, PHOT2, PHYE and light response genes (PIF3 and HY5). Our results provide insights into polyphenol biosynthesis in sprouts and microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuzhen Cheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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25
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Ramesh T, Hariram U, Srimagal A, Sahu JK. Applications of light emitting diodes and their mechanism for food preservation. J Food Saf 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Srimagal
- Department of Food Technology Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai India
| | - Jatindra K. Sahu
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
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26
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Bhaswant M, Shanmugam DK, Miyazawa T, Abe C, Miyazawa T. Microgreens-A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020867. [PMID: 36677933 PMCID: PMC9864543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgreens, a hypothesized term used for the emerging food product that is developed from various commercial food crops, such as vegetables, grains, and herbs, consist of developed cotyledons along with partially expanded true leaves. These immature plants are harvested between 7-21 days (depending on variety). They are treasured for their densely packed nutrients, concentrated flavors, immaculate and tender texture as well as for their vibrant colors. In recent years, microgreens are on demand from high-end restaurant chefs and nutritional researchers due to their potent flavors, appealing sensory qualities, functionality, abundance in vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, folate, tocotrienols, phylloquinones, anthocyanins, glucosinolates, etc. These qualities attracted research attention for use in the field of human health and nutrition. Increasing public concern regarding health has prompted humans to turn to microgreens which show potential in the prevention of malnutrition, inflammation, and other chronic ailments. This article focuses on the applications of microgreens in the prevention of the non-communicable diseases that prevails in the current generation, which emerged due to sedentary lifestyles, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the people creating awareness to switch to the recently introduced category of vegetable and providing great value for the development of health-promoting diets with microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharshi Bhaswant
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Dilip Kumar Shanmugam
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Taiki Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chizumi Abe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-795-3205
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27
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Martínez-Zamora L, Castillejo N, Artés–Hernández F. Effect of postharvest visible spectrum LED lighting on quality and bioactive compounds of tomatoes during shelf life. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Galanty A, Zagrodzki P, Miret M, Paśko P. Chickpea and Lupin Sprouts, Stimulated by Different LED Lights, As Novel Examples of Isoflavones-Rich Functional Food, and Their Impact on Breast and Prostate Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27249030. [PMID: 36558162 PMCID: PMC9781113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all legumes sprouts' active compounds, isoflavones seem to be the most important; nevertheless, their high content is not always associated with beneficial effects. These compounds may prevent or stimulate hormone-dependent cancers due to their estrogen-like activity. Different LED light quality can change the synthesis of active compounds and significantly influence the biological activity of the sprouts. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LED light (red, blue, green, yellow), as well as total darkness, and natural light conditions (as reference), on isoflavones content, determined by HPLC-UV-VIS, during 10 days of harvesting of chickpea and lupin sprouts. Due to the ambiguous estrogenic potential of isoflavones, the impact of these sprouts on normal and cancer prostate and breast cells was evaluated. Yellow LED light resulted in the highest sum of isoflavones in chickpea sprouts (up to 1 g/100 g dw), while for green LED light, the isoflavones sum was the lowest. The exact opposite effect was noted for lupin sprouts, with the predominance of green over the yellow LED light. The examined sprouts were of high safety to non-neoplastic breast and prostate cells, with interesting cytotoxic effects on breast MCF7 and prostate DU145 cancer cells. No clear relationship was observed between the activity and isoflavones content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marina Miret
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Campus Diagonal, Av. de Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
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29
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Liu HY, Liu Y, Li MY, Ge YY, Geng F, He XQ, Xia Y, Guo BL, Gan RY. Antioxidant capacity, phytochemical profiles, and phenolic metabolomics of selected edible seeds and their sprouts. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1067597. [PMID: 36590202 PMCID: PMC9798843 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1067597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouts are recognized as nutritional and functional vegetables. In this study, 17 selected seeds were germinated simultaneously. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined for seeds and sprouts of all species. Both seed and sprout of white radish, with the highest antioxidant capacity, and TPC among all the 17 species, were further determined for phenolic metabolomics. Four phenolic classes with 316 phenolic metabolites were identified. 198 significantly different metabolites with 146 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated were confirmed, and high amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids were found to be accumulated in the sprout. Several metabolism and biosynthesis, including phenylpropanoid, favone and flavonol, phenylalanine, and various secondary metabolites, were significantly activated. Significant correlations were found among FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, TPC, and phenolic profiles. Therefore, white radish sprout could be served as antioxidant and could be a good source of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Liu
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qin He
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Li Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Bo-Li Guo,
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ren-You Gan, ,
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30
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Ding S, Su P, Wang D, Chen X, Tang C, Hou J, Wu L. Blue and red light proportion affects growth, nutritional composition, antioxidant properties and volatile compounds of Toona sinensis sprouts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Cao J, Jiang W. A comprehensive review of effects of electrolyzed water and plasma-activated water on growth, chemical compositions, microbiological safety and postharvest quality of sprouts. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Effect of the Number of Dark Days and Planting Density on the Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) Sprouts. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192515. [PMID: 36235381 PMCID: PMC9570650 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mustard is an edible vegetable in the genus Brassica with tender and clean sprouts and short growth cycles that has become a rich source of nutrients required by humans. Here, the effects of dark exposure duration and planting density on the health-promoting phytochemicals and the antioxidant capacity of mustard sprouts were evaluated. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoids and the antioxidant capacity of mustard were higher in the two-day dark treatment; the content of indolic glucosinolates was also more affected in the dark day experiment than in the planting density experiment. The soluble sugar, soluble protein, and aliphatic and total glucosinolate levels were higher when sprouts were grown at high densities (6–7 g per tray); however, no significant variation was observed in the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids and the antioxidant capacity. The results of this study show that the optimum cultivation regime for maximizing the concentrations of nutrients of mustard plants is a planting density of 6 g of seeds per tray and a two-day dark treatment.
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Zhang S, Guo X, Li J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zheng W, Xue X. Effects of light-emitting diode spectral combinations on growth and quality of pea sprouts under long photoperiod. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978462. [PMID: 36161035 PMCID: PMC9490185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pea sprouts have rich nutrition and are considered good for heart health. In this study, the kaspa peas and black-eyed peas were chosen to clarify the effect of different LED spectral combinations on the growth, yield, and nutritional quality of pea sprouts under long photoperiod (22 h light/2 h dark). The results showed that the two pea varieties responded differently to light spectral combinations. Black-eyed pea sprouts had higher plant height, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, soluble sugar content, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than kaspa peas under the same light treatment. Compared with white light, red-to-blue ratio of 2:1 significantly increased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, soluble sugar and soluble protein content of kaspa pea sprouts, and decreased MDA content of black-eyed pea sprouts. Blue light was negatively correlated with the plant height of pea sprouts and positively correlated with SOD activity, vitamin C, soluble sugar, and soluble protein content. Antioxidant capacity, yield, and nutritional quality of black-eyed pea sprouts were higher than those of kaspa pea sprouts under the same light treatment. Blue light improved the nutritional quality of pea sprouts. Compared with other light treatments, the red-to-blue ratio of 2:1 was more conducive to improving the antioxidant capacity and nutritional quality of pea sprouts under long photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Li
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youming Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wengang Zheng
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhang Xue
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
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34
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Cheng Y, Xiang N, Cheng X, Chen H, Guo X. Effect of photoperiod on polyphenol biosynthesis and cellular antioxidant capacity in mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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35
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Zhang K, Li H, Zhang T, Wang S, Liu L, Dong X, Cong L, Song H, Wang A, Yang G, Xie H, Wang ZY, Chai M. Comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the differences between alfalfa sprouts germinated with or without light exposure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:943740. [PMID: 35991407 PMCID: PMC9389271 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.943740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa sprouts are among the most nutritionally rich foods, and light exposure is a critical factor in determining their biomass and quality. However, detailed metabolic and molecular differences between yellow and green alfalfa sprouts remain unclear. In this study, comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were integrated to evaluate the nutrient composition of alfalfa sprouts during germination with or without light exposure. Differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in green and yellow alfalfa sprouts were significantly enriched in secondary metabolic pathways, such as the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Green alfalfa sprouts contained a wide variety of lipids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, among which the top three upregulated were calycosin, methyl gallate, and epicatechin 3-gallate, whereas yellow alfalfa sprouts contained relatively more isoquercitrin. These results provide new insights into the nutritional value and composition of alfalfa sprouts under different germination regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shixing Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuyan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Cong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongli Xie
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Adding UVA and Far-Red Light to White LED Affects Growth, Morphology, and Phytochemicals of Indoor-Grown Microgreens. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
White light emitting diodes (LED) have commonly been used as a sole light source for the indoor production of microgreens. However, the response of microgreens to the inclusion of ultraviolet A (UVA) and/or far-red (FR) light to white LED light remains unknown. To investigate the effects of adding UVA and FR light to white LEDs on plant biomass, height, and the concentrations of phytochemicals, four species of microgreens including basil, cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi were grown under six light treatments. The first three treatments were white LED (control) and two UVA treatments (adding UVA to white LED for the whole growth period or for the last 5 days). Another three treatments consisted of adding FR to the first three treatments. The total photon flux density (TPFD) for all six light treatments was the same. The percentages of UVA and FR photons in the TPFD were 23% and 32%, respectively. Compared to white LEDs, adding UVA throughout the growth period did not affect plant height in all the species except for basil, where 9% reduction was observed regardless of the FR light. On the contrary, the addition of FR light increased plant heights by 9–18% for basil, cabbage, and kohlrabi, regardless of the UVA treatment, compared to white LED. Furthermore, regardless of UVA, adding FR to white LEDs reduced the plant biomass, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant concentrations for at least one species. There was no interaction between FR and UVA on all the above growth and quality traits for all the species. In summary, microgreens were more sensitive to the addition of FR light compared to UVA; however, the addition of FR to white LEDs may reduce yields and phytochemicals in some species.
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Moraru PI, Rusu T, Mintas OS. Trial Protocol for Evaluating Platforms for Growing Microgreens in Hydroponic Conditions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091327. [PMID: 35564050 PMCID: PMC9103178 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroponic production of microgreens has potential to develop, at both an industrial, and a family level, due to the improved production platforms. The literature review found numerous studies which recommend procedures, parameters and best intervals for the development of microgreens. This paper aims to develop, based on the review of the literature, a set of procedures and parameters, included in a test protocol, for hydroponically cultivated microgreens. Procedures and parameters proposed to be included in the trial protocol for evaluating platforms for growing microgreens in hydroponic conditions are: (1) different determinations: in controlled settings (setting the optimal ranges) and in operational environments settings (weather conditions in the area/testing period); (2) procedures and parameters related to microgreen growth (obtaining the microgreens seedling, determining microgreen germination, measurements on the morphology of plants, microgreens harvesting); (3) microgreens production and quality (fresh biomass yield, dry matter content, water use efficiency, bioactive compound analysis, statistical analysis). Procedures and parameters proposed in the protocol will provide us with the evaluation information of the hydroponic platforms to ensure: number of growing days to reach desired size; yield per area, crop health, and secondary metabolite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ioana Moraru
- Department of Technical and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Teodor Rusu
- Department of Technical and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Phenolic Compounds Content Evaluation of Lettuce Grown under Short-Term Preharvest Daytime or Nighttime Supplemental LEDs. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091123. [PMID: 35567124 PMCID: PMC9105848 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the changes in phenolic compounds content in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Little Gem) depending on the preharvest short-term daytime or nighttime supplemental light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) lighting in a greenhouse during autumn and spring cultivation. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under HPS supplemented with 400 nm, 455 nm, 530 nm, 455 + 530 nm or 660 nm LEDs light for 4 h five days before harvest. Two experiments (EXP) were performed: EXP1—HPS, and LEDs treatment during daytime 6 PM–10 PM, and EXP2—LEDs treatment at nighttime during 10 AM–2 PM. LEDs’ photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 50 and HPS—90 ± 10 µmol m−2 s−1. The most pronounced positive effect on total phenolic compounds revealed supplemental 400 and 455 + 530 nm LEDs lighting, except its application during the daytime at spring cultivation, when all supplemental LEDs light had no impact on phenolics content variation. Supplemental 400 nm LEDs applied in the daytime increased chlorogenic acid during spring and chicoric acid during autumn cultivation. 400 nm LEDs used in nighttime enhanced chlorogenic acid accumulation and rutin during autumn. Chicoric and chlorogenic acid significantly increased under supplemental 455 + 530 nm LEDs applied at daytime in autumn and used at nighttime—in spring. Supplemental LEDs application in the nighttime resulted in higher phenolic compounds content during spring cultivation and the daytime during autumn cultivation.
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Sodedji FAK, Ryu D, Choi J, Agbahoungba S, Assogbadjo AE, N’Guetta SPA, Jung JH, Nho CW, Kim HY. Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis for Carotenoid Content among Sprouts of Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3696. [PMID: 35409065 PMCID: PMC8998333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and promotion of biofortified foods plants are a sustainable strategy for supplying essential micronutrients for human health and nutrition. We set out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with carotenoid content in cowpea sprouts. The contents of carotenoids, including lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene in sprouts of 125 accessions were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant variation existed in the profiles of the different carotenoids. Lutein was the most abundant (58 ± 12.8 mg/100 g), followed by zeaxanthin (14.7 ± 3.1 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (13.2 ± 2.9 mg/100 g). A strong positive correlation was observed among the carotenoid compounds (r ≥ 0.87), indicating they can be improved concurrently. The accessions were distributed into three groups, following their carotenoid profiles, with accession C044 having the highest sprout carotenoid content in a single cluster. A total of 3120 genome-wide SNPs were tested for association analysis, which revealed that carotenoid biosynthesis in cowpea sprouts is a polygenic trait controlled by genes with additive and dominance effects. Seven loci were significantly associated with the variation in carotenoid content. The evidence of variation in carotenoid content and genomic regions controlling the trait creates an avenue for breeding cowpea varieties with enhanced sprouts carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Dahye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
| | - Symphorien Agbahoungba
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo N’Guetta
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Theparod T, Harnsoongnoen S. Narrow-Band Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Effects on Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) Sprouts with Remote Monitoring and Recording by Internet of Things Device. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1503. [PMID: 35214417 PMCID: PMC8877001 DOI: 10.3390/s22041503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that light quality critically affects plant development and growth; however, the response depends upon the plant species. This research aims to examine the effects of different light wavelengths on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) sprouts that were stimulated during the night. Natural light and narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used for an analysis of sunflower sprouts grown under full light and specific light wavelengths. Sunflower seeds were germinated under different light spectra including red, blue, white, and natural light. Luminosity, temperature, and humidity sensors were installed in the plant nursery and remotely monitored and recorded by an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The experiment examined seed germination for seven days. The results showed that the red light had the most influence on sunflower seed germination, while the natural light had the most influence on the increase in the root and hypocotyl lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiya Theparod
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Supakorn Harnsoongnoen
- The Biomimicry for Sustainable Agriculture, Health, Environment and Energy Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
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Light Intensity and Photoperiod Affect Growth and Nutritional Quality of Brassica Microgreens. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030883. [PMID: 35164148 PMCID: PMC8839875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We explored the effects of different light intensities and photoperiods on the growth, nutritional quality and antioxidant properties of two Brassicaceae microgreens (cabbage Brassica oleracea L. and Chinese kale Brassica alboglabra Bailey). There were two experiments: (1) four photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of 30, 50, 70 or 90 μmoL·m-2·s-1 with red:blue:green = 1:1:1 light-emitting diodes (LEDs); (2) five photoperiods of 12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 h·d-1. With the increase of light intensity, the hypocotyl length of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens shortened. PPFD of 90 μmol·m-2·s-1 was beneficial to improve the nutritional quality of cabbage microgreens, which had higher contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C, as well as increased antioxidant capacity. The optimal PPFD for Chinese kale microgreens was 70 μmol·m-2·s-1. Increasing light intensity could increase the antioxidant capacity of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens, while not significantly affecting glucosinolate (GS) content. The dry and fresh weight of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens were maximized with a 14-h·d-1 photoperiod. The chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble protein content in cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens were highest for a 16-h·d-1 photoperiod. The lowest total GS content was found in cabbage microgreens under a 12-h·d-1 photoperiod and in Chinese kale microgreens under 16-h·d-1 photoperiod. In conclusion, the photoperiod of 14~16 h·d-1, and 90 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 70 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD for cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens, respectively, were optimal for cultivation.
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Artés-Hernández F, Castillejo N, Martínez-Zamora L. UV and Visible Spectrum LED Lighting as Abiotic Elicitors of Bioactive Compounds in Sprouts, Microgreens and Baby Leaves. A Comprehensive Review Including Their Mode of Action. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030265. [PMID: 35159417 PMCID: PMC8834035 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
According to social demands, the agri-food industry must elaborate convenient safe and healthy foods rich in phytochemicals while minimising processing inputs like energy consumption. Young plants in their first stages of development represent great potential. Objective: This review summarises the latest scientific findings concerning the use of UV and visible spectrum LED lighting as green, sustainable, and low-cost technologies to improve the quality of sprouts, microgreens, and baby leaves to enhance their health-promoting compounds, focusing on their mode of action while reducing costs and energy. Results: These technologies applied during growing and/or after harvesting were able to improve physiological and morphological development of sprouted seeds while increasing their bioactive compound content without compromising safety and other quality attributes. The novelty is to summarise the main findings published in a comprehensive review, including the mode of action, and remarking on the possibility of its postharvest application where the literature is still scarce. Conclusions: Illumination with UV and/or different regions of the visible spectrum during growing and shelf life are good abiotic elicitors of the production of phytochemicals in young plants, mainly through the activation of specific photoreceptors and ROS production. However, we still need to understand the mechanistic responses and their dependence on the illumination conditions.
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Low Temperatures Affect the Physiological Status and Phytochemical Content of Flat Leaf Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) Sprouts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030264. [PMID: 35159416 PMCID: PMC8834612 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of plants in the juvenile stage becomes popular because sprouts are easy to grow, and they can be a tasty source of micro- and macro-nutrients and various phytochemicals. However, some environmental factors during sprout growth can affect their characteristics. In this article, we investigated how low temperatures during cultivation (8 °C) and additional exposure to freezing temperatures (−8 °C) affect the physiological status and phytochemical content of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) sprouts compared to the control grown at 21 °C. We conducted five independent laboratory experiments and found that low temperature significantly increased proline content and decreased sprouts yield. In addition, low temperature caused a significant decrease in carotenoid and flavonoid content, while phenolic acid content and total glucosinolates content increased, but individual glucosinolates were differentially affected. Our results indicate that low temperatures affect the physiological status of kale sprouts and affect the content of phytochemicals.
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Rengasamy N, Othman RY, Che HS, Harikrishna JA. Beyond the PAR spectra: impact of light quality on the germination, flowering, and metabolite content of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:299-311. [PMID: 34091912 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevia rebaudiana is a high value crop due to the strong commercial demand for its metabolites (steviol glycosides) but has limited geographical cultivation range. In non-native environments with different daylength and light quality, Stevia has low germination rates and early flowering resulting in lower biomass and poor yield of the desired metabolites. In this study, artificial lighting with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was used to determine if different light quality within and outside of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range can be used to improve germination rates and yields for production of steviol glycosides for the herbal supplement and food industry. RESULTS Plants treated with red and blue light at an intensity of 130 μmol m-2 s-1 supplemented with 5% of UV-A light under a 16-h photoperiod produced the most desirable overall results with a high rate of germination, low percentage of early flowering, and high yields of dry leaf, stevioside and rebaudioside A, 175 days after planting. CONCLUSION While red and blue light combinations are effective for plant growth, the use of supplemental non-PAR irradiation of UV-A wavelength significantly and desirably delayed flowering, enhanced germination, biomass, rebaudioside A and stevioside yields, while supplemental green light improved yield of biomass and rebaudioside A, but not stevioside. Overall, the combination of red, blue and UV-A light resulted in the best overall productivity for Stevia rebaudiana. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendren Rengasamy
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rofina Y Othman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hang S Che
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer A Harikrishna
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Toscano S, Cavallaro V, Ferrante A, Romano D, Patané C. Effects of Different Light Spectra on Final Biomass Production and Nutritional Quality of Two Microgreens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081584. [PMID: 34451630 PMCID: PMC8399618 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve microgreen yield and nutritional quality, suitable light spectra can be used. Two species-amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and turnip greens (Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg)-were studied. The experiment was performed in a controlled LED environment growth chamber (day/night temperatures of 24 ± 2 °C, 16 h photoperiod, and 50/60% relative humidity). Three emission wavelengths of a light-emitting diode (LED) were adopted for microgreen lighting: (1) white LED (W); (2) blue LED (B), and (3) red LED (R); the photosynthetic photon flux densities were 200 ± 5 µmol for all light spectra. The response to light spectra was often species-specific, and the interaction effects were significant. Morphobiometric parameters were influenced by species, light, and their interaction; at harvest, in both species, the fresh weight was significantly greater under B. In amaranth, Chl a was maximized in B, whereas it did not change with light in turnip greens. Sugar content varied with the species but not with the light spectra. Nitrate content of shoots greatly varied with the species; in amaranth, more nitrates were measured in R, while no difference in turnip greens was registered for the light spectrum effect. Polyphenols were maximized under B in both species, while R depressed the polyphenol content in amaranth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toscano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Valeria Cavallaro
- IBE-Istituto di BioEconomia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Patané
- IBE-Istituto di BioEconomia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
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Truzzi F, Whittaker A, Roncuzzi C, Saltari A, Levesque MP, Dinelli G. Microgreens: Functional Food with Antiproliferative Cancer Properties Influenced by Light. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081690. [PMID: 34441474 PMCID: PMC8392261 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-proliferative/pro-oxidant efficacy of green pea, soybean, radish, Red Rambo radish, and rocket microgreens, cultivated under either fluorescent lighting (predominant spectral peaks in green and orange) or combination light-emitting diode (LED, predominant spectral peak in blue) was investigated using Ewing sarcoma lines, RD-ES and A673, respectively. All aqueous microgreen extracts significantly reduced cell proliferation (cancer prevention effect) to varying extents in two-dimensional sarcoma cell cultures. The effect of the polyphenol fraction in the aqueous food matrix was unrelated to total polyphenol content, which differed between species and light treatment. Only Pisum sativum (LED-grown) extracts exercised anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in both three-dimensional RD-ES and A673 spheroids (early tumor progression prevention), without cytotoxic effects on healthy L929 fibroblasts. A similar anti-tumor effect of Red Rambo radish (LED and fluorescent-grown) was evident only in the RD-ES spheroids. Aside from the promising anti-tumor potential of the polyphenol fraction of green pea microgreens, the latter also displayed favorable growth quality parameters, along with radish, under both light treatments over the 10 day cultivation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Truzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44-40127 Bologna, Italy; (A.W.); (C.R.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-1209-6673
| | - Anne Whittaker
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44-40127 Bologna, Italy; (A.W.); (C.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Chiara Roncuzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44-40127 Bologna, Italy; (A.W.); (C.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Annalisa Saltari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44-40127 Bologna, Italy; (A.W.); (C.R.); (G.D.)
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Teng J, Liao P, Wang M. The role of emerging micro-scale vegetables in human diet and health benefits-an updated review based on microgreens. Food Funct 2021; 12:1914-1932. [PMID: 33595583 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing public concern about health has prompted humans to find new sources of food. Microgreens are young and immature plants that have been recently introduced as a new category of vegetables, adapting their production at the micro-scale. In this paper, the chemical compositions including micro-nutrients and some typical phytochemicals of microgreens are summarized. Their edible safety and potential health benefits are also reviewed. Microgreens play an increasingly vital role in health-promoting diets. They are considered good sources of nutritional and bioactive compounds, and show potential in the prevention of malnutrition and chronic diseases. Some strategies in the pre- or post-harvest stages of microgreens can be further applied to obtain better nutritional, functional, and sensorial quality with freshness and extended shelf life. This review provides valuable nutrient data and health information for microgreens, laying a theoretical foundation for people to consume microgreens more wisely, and providing great value for the development of functional products with microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Teng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
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48
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Quality Evaluation of Indoor-Grown Microgreens Cultivated on Three Different Substrates. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The microgreens are innovative products in the horticultural sector. They are appreciated by consumers thanks to their novelty and health-related benefits, having a high antioxidant concentration. This produce can be adopted for indoor production using hydroponic systems. The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of three growing media (vermiculite, coconut fiber, and jute fabric) on yield and quality parameters of two basil varieties (Green basil—Ocimum basilicum L., Red basil—Ocimum basilicum var. Purpurecsens) and rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) as microgreens. Microgreens were grown in floating, in a Micro Experimental Growing (MEG®) system equipped with LED lamps, with modulation of both energy and spectra of the light supplied to plants. Results showed high yield, comprised from 2 to 3 kg m−2. Nutritional quality varied among species and higher antioxidant compounds were found in red basil on vermiculite and jute. Coconut fiber allowed the differentiation of crop performance in terms of sucrose and above all nitrate. In particular, our results point out that the choice of the substrate significantly affected the yield, the dry matter percentage and the nitrate concentration of microgreens, while the other qualitative parameters were most influenced by the species.
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49
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Liu H, Li Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Hu J, Yang C, Zhao X. The effects of ultrasound on the growth, nutritional quality and microbiological quality of sprouts. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Postharvest UV-B and Photoperiod with Blue + Red LEDs as Strategies to Stimulate Carotenogenesis in Bell Peppers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11093736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our objective was to evaluate carotenoid accumulation in bell peppers during shelf life under different light conditions. Methods: Fruit stored for 6 d at 7 °C received a 9 kJ m−2 UV-B treatment, while non-UV-treated were used as control (CTRL). Subsequently, all peppers were disposed for a retail sale period of 4 d at 20 °C with a photoperiod of 14 h under fluorescent light (FL) + 10 h under darkness (D), FL, or blue + red LEDs (BR LED). Results: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased by the UV-B treatment and the photoperiods supplemented with FL and BR LED, which was directly related to the carotenoid content. In fact, CTRL peppers (225 mg β-carotene kg−1) under FL+BR LED showed an increase of ~33% of 13-cis-β-carotene, ~24% of all-trans-β-carotene, and ~27.5% of 9-cis-β-carotene compared to FL + D and FL + FL. Capsaicinoids showed an increase by ~22%, ~38%, and ~27% in the content of capsanthin, capsanthin laurate, and capsanthin esters, respectively, after the UV-B treatment, which was even enhanced after the LED-supplemented photoperiod by ~18% compared to FL+D. Conclusions: Illumination with BR LEDs + UV-B during the retail sale period nights is recommended to increase the bioactive content of bell peppers via carotenoid accumulation to 270 mg β-carotene kg−1.
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