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Wang S, Wang P, Wang D, Shen S, Wang S, Li Y, Chen H. Postbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: efficacy, mechanism, and therapeutic implications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39007163 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most challenging diseases in the 21st century, and more than 10 million people around the world suffer from IBD. Because of the limitations and adverse effects associated with conventional IBD therapies, there has been increased scientific interest in microbial-derived biomolecules, known as postbiotics. Postbiotics are defined as the preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit on the host, comprising inactivated microbial cells, cell fractions, metabolites, etc. Postbiotics have shown potential in enhancing IBD treatment by reducing inflammation, modulating the immune system, stabilizing intestinal flora and maintaining the integrity of intestinal barriers. Consequently, they are considered promising adjunctive therapies for IBD. Recent studies indicate that postbiotics offer distinctive advantages, including spanning clinical (safe origin), technological (easy for storage and transportation) and economic (reduced production costs) dimensions, rendering them suitable for widespread applications in functional food/pharmaceutical. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the definition, classification and applications of postbiotics, with an emphasis on their biological activity in both the prevention and treatment of IBD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | | | - Shiqi Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
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2
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Tain YL, Chang CI, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin SF, Hsu CN. Resveratrol Propionate Ester Supplement Exerts Antihypertensive Effect in Juvenile Rats Exposed to an Adenine Diet via Gut Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2024; 16:2131. [PMID: 38999878 PMCID: PMC11243104 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, acting as a prebiotic, and propionate, functioning as a postbiotic, hold promise for preventing hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, we employed propionate to enhance the bioavailability of resveratrol through esterification, resulting in the production of a resveratrol propionate ester (RPE) mixture. In this study, we purified 3-O-propanoylresveratrol (RPE2) and 3,4'-di-O-propanoylresveratrol (RPE4) and investigated their protective effects in a juvenile rat adenine-induced CKD model. To this end, male Sprague Dawley rats aged three weeks (n = 40) were divided into five groups: control; CKD (rats fed adenine); CKRSV (CKD rats treated with 50 mg/L resveratrol); CDRPE2 (CKD rats treated with 25 mg/L RPE2); and CKRPE4 (CKD rats treated with 25 mg/L RPE 4). RPE2 and PRE4 similarly exhibited blood pressure-lowering effects comparable to those of resveratrol, along with increased nitric oxide (NO) availability. Furthermore, RPE2 and RPE4 positively influenced plasma short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and induced distinct alterations in the gut microbial composition of adenine-fed juvenile rats. The supplementation of RPE2 and RPE4, by restoring NO, elevating SCFAs, and modulating the gut microbiota, holds potential for ameliorating CKD-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Lin
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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3
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Hwang CH, Kim SH, Lee CH. Bacterial Growth Modulatory Effects of Two Branched-Chain Hydroxy Acids and Their Production Level by Gut Microbiota. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1314-1321. [PMID: 38938006 PMCID: PMC11239411 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2404.04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Branched-chain hydroxy acids (BCHAs), produced by lactic acid bacteria, have recently been suggested as bioactive compounds contributing to the systemic metabolism and modulation of the gut microbiome. However, the relationship between BCHAs and gut microbiome remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of BCHAs on the growth of seven different families in the gut microbiota. Based on in vitro screening, both 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid (HIVA) and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) stimulated the growth of Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, with HIVA showing a significant growth promotion. Additionally, we observed not only the growth promotion of probiotic Lactobacillaceae strains but also growth inhibition of pathogenic B. fragilis in a dosedependent manner. The production of HIVA and HICA varied depending on the family of the gut microbiota and was relatively high in case of Lactobacillaceae and Lachnosporaceae. Furthermore, HIVA and HICA production by each strain positively correlated with their growth variation. These results demonstrated gut microbiota-derived BCHAs as active metabolites that have bacterial growth modulatory effects. We suggest that BCHAs can be utilized as active metabolites, potentially contributing to the treatment of diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hyuk Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- MetaMass Corp., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- MetaMass Corp., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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4
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Wang P, Wang S, Wang D, Li Y, Yip RCS, Chen H. Postbiotics-peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, exopolysaccharides, surface layer protein and pili proteins-Structure, activity in wounds and their delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133195. [PMID: 38885869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is a pressing global public health concern. Abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics are the key problems in the treatment of chronic wounds at present. Postbiotics are a novel promising strategy. Previous studies have reported that postbiotics have a wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. However, several aspects related to these postbiotic activities remain unexplored or poorly known. Therefore, this work aims to outline general aspects and emerging trends in the use of postbiotics for wound healing, such as the production, characterization, biological activities and delivery strategies of postbiotics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the physiological activities and structures of postbiotic biomolecules that contribute to wound healing is provided, such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, surface layer proteins, pili proteins, and secretory proteins (p40 and p75 proteins). Considering the presence of readily degradable components in postbiotics, potential natural polymer delivery materials and delivery systems are emphasized, followed by the potential applications and commercialization prospects of postbiotics. These findings suggest that the treatment of chronic wounds with postbiotic ingredients will help provide new insights into wound healing and better guidance for the development of postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
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5
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Saika A, Nagatake T, Kishino S, Kitamura N, Honda T, Hosomi K, Tiwari P, Node E, Kawai S, Kondo S, Ishida K, Kabashima K, Ogawa J, Kunisawa J. The omega-3 postbiotic trans-10- cis-15-octadecadienoic acid attenuates contact hypersensitivity in mice through downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1355679. [PMID: 38841110 PMCID: PMC11151274 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1355679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria metabolize dietary substances to produce bioactive postbiotics, among which some are recognized for their role in promoting host health. We here explored the postbiotic potential of two omega-3 α-linolenic acid-derived metabolites: trans-10-cis-15-octadecadienoic acid (t10,c15-18:2) and cis-9-cis-15-octadecadienoic acid (c9,c15-18:2). Dietary intake of lipids rich in omega-3 α-linolenic acid elevated levels of t10,c15-18:2 and c9,c15-18:2 in the serum and feces of mice, an effect dependent on the presence of intestinal bacteria. Notably, t10,c15-18:2 mitigated skin inflammation in mice that became hypersensitive after exposure to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, an experimental model for allergic contact dermatitis. In particular, t10,c15-18:2-but not c9,c15-18:2-attenuated ear swelling and edema, characteristic symptoms of contact hypersensitivity. The anti-inflammatory effects of t10,c15-18:2 were due to its ability to suppress the release of vascular endothelial growth factor A from keratinocytes, thereby mitigating the enhanced vascular permeability induced by hapten stimulation. Our study identified retinoid X receptor as a functional receptor that mediates the downregulation of skin inflammation upon treatment with t10,c15-18:2. Our results suggest that t10,c15-18:2 holds promise as an omega-3 fatty acid-derived postbiotic with potential therapeutic implications for alleviating the skin edema seen in allergic contact dermatitis-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Prabha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Node
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kawai
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saki Kondo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Ishida
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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6
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Hijová E. Postbiotics as Metabolites and Their Biotherapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5441. [PMID: 38791478 PMCID: PMC11121590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the role of postbiotics, which may provide an underappreciated avenue doe promising therapeutic alternatives. The discovery of natural compounds obtained from microorganisms needs to be investigated in the future in terms of their effects on various metabolic disorders and molecular pathways, as well as modulation of the immune system and intestinal microbiota in children and adults. However, further studies and efforts are needed to evaluate and describe new postbiotics. This review provides available knowledge that may assist future research in identifying new postbiotics and uncovering additional mechanisms to combat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Hijová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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Alves S, Santos-Pereira C, Oliveira CSF, Preto A, Chaves SR, Côrte-Real M. Enhancement of Acetate-Induced Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Cathepsin D Inhibition Depends on Oligomycin A-Sensitive Respiration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:473. [PMID: 38672489 PMCID: PMC11048611 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional therapies are available with varying effectiveness. Acetate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by human intestinal bacteria, triggers mitochondria-mediated apoptosis preferentially in CRC but not in normal colonocytes, which has spurred an interest in its use for CRC prevention/therapy. We previously uncovered that acetate-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in CRC cells is significantly enhanced by the inhibition of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (CatD), which indicates both mitochondria and the lysosome are involved in the regulation of acetate-induced apoptosis. Herein, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial function affects CatD apoptotic function. We found that enhancement of acetate-induced apoptosis by CatD inhibition depends on oligomycin A-sensitive respiration. Mechanistically, the potentiating effect is associated with an increase in cellular and mitochondrial superoxide anion accumulation and mitochondrial mass. Our results provide novel clues into the regulation of CatD function and the effect of tumor heterogeneity in the outcome of combined treatment using acetate and CatD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susana R. Chaves
- CBMA—Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (C.S.-P.); (C.S.F.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- CBMA—Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (C.S.-P.); (C.S.F.O.); (A.P.)
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Al-Khazaleh AK, Chang D, Münch GW, Bhuyan DJ. The Gut Connection: Exploring the Possibility of Implementing Gut Microbial Metabolites in Lymphoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1464. [PMID: 38672546 PMCID: PMC11048693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has implicated the gut microbiota in the development of lymphoma. Dysbiosis of the gut microbial community can disrupt the production of gut microbial metabolites, thereby impacting host physiology and potentially contributing to lymphoma. Dysbiosis-driven release of gut microbial metabolites such as lipopolysaccharides can promote chronic inflammation, potentially elevating the risk of lymphoma. In contrast, gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, have shown promise in preclinical studies by promoting regulatory T-cell function, suppressing inflammation, and potentially preventing lymphoma. Another metabolite, urolithin A, exhibited immunomodulatory and antiproliferative properties against lymphoma cell lines in vitro. While research on the role of gut microbial metabolites in lymphoma is limited, this article emphasizes the need to comprehend their significance, including therapeutic applications, molecular mechanisms of action, and interactions with standard chemotherapies. The article also suggests promising directions for future research in this emerging field of connection between lymphoma and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad K. Al-Khazaleh
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Gerald W. Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Khani N, Abedi Soleimani R, Chadorshabi S, Moutab BP, Milani PG, Rad AH. Postbiotics as candidates in biofilm inhibition in food industries. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovad069. [PMID: 37309029 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food-borne pathogen-related biofilms in food processing environments pose significant risks to human health. To ensure human and environmental safety, natural substances with anti-microbial properties and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status are the future disinfectants of the food industry. The use of postbiotics in food products is gaining attention due to their many benefits. Postbiotics are soluble substances produced by probiotics or released after their lysis, such as bacteriocins, biosurfactants (BSs), and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Postbiotics have drawn attention because of their clear chemical structure, safety dose parameters, long shelf life, and the content of various signaling molecules, which may have anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities. The main mechanisms of postbiotics to combat biofilm contain suppression of twitching motility, disturbing quorum sensing (QS), and reduction of virulence factors. However, there are obstacles to using these compounds in the food matrix because some factors (temperature and pH) can limit the anti-biofilm impact of postbiotics. Therefore, by using encapsulation or application of these compounds in packaging films, the effect of interfering factors can be eliminated. This review summarizes the concept and safety of postbiotics, focusing on their antibiofilm effect, as well as discussing the encapsulation of postbiotics and their application in packaging films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Khani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33366581 Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33366581 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Abedi Soleimani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33366581 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Chadorshabi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33366581 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Pouragha Moutab
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33366581 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Payam Gonbari Milani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33366581 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33366581 Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Rui W, Zhong S, Li X, Tang X, Wang L, Yang J. Evaluating the Role of Postbiotics in the Modulation of Human Oral Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10238-y. [PMID: 38502383 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of clinical data to support the effectiveness and safety of postbiotics in the modulation of human oral microbiota and oral health care. Here, volunteers were recruited and randomly assigned to two cohorts: a placebo group (n = 15) and a postbiotic group (n = 16). The placebo group used toothpaste that did not contain postbiotics, while the postbiotic group used toothpaste with postbiotics (3 × 1010 CFU inactivated Lactobacillus salivarius LS97, L. paracasei LC86, and L. acidophilus LA85). Saliva samples were collected at different time points and the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were determined, while the salivary microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results showed that salivary IgA levels and acetic and propionic acid levels were notably higher in the postbiotic group (P < 0.05), accompanied by an increase in the level of alpha diversity of the salivary microbiota, and these indexes remained high 1 month after discontinuing the use of toothpaste with or without postbiotics. A notable decrease in the relative abundance of the unclassified_Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia, etc. in the postbiotic group was accompanied by a notable increase in Ruminofilibacter and Lactobacillus. However, both groups did not cause significant changes in the overall structure of the host salivary microbiota. In conclusion, postbiotics dramatically and consistently improved oral immunity levels and SCFA content in the host. In addition, postbiotics were able to increase the level of microbial alpha diversity and down-regulate the abundance of some harmful microbes without significantly altering the structure of the host salivary microbiota. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ( www.chictr.org.cn ) under the registration number ChiCTR2300074088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Rui
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saiwei Zhong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuna Tang
- Department of Endodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Endodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Zang T, Han L, Lu Z, Tan L, Liang D, Shen X, Liao X, Liu Y, Ren H, Sun J. The History and Prediction of Prebiotics and Postbiotics: A Patent Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:380. [PMID: 38337666 PMCID: PMC10857523 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics and postbiotics have gained attention as functional food additives due to their substantial influence on the gut microbiome and potential implications for human health on a broader scale. In addition, the number of patents for these additives has also increased, yet their functional classification has been problematic. In this study, we classified 2215 patents granted from 2001 to 2020 by functionality to enable predictions of future development directions. These patents encompassed subjects as diverse as feed supplementation, regulation of intestinal homeostasis, prevention of gastrointestinal ailments, targeted drug administration and augmentation of drug potency. The progression of patents issued during this time frame could be divided into three phases: occasional accounts prior to 2001, a period from 2001 to 2013 during which an average of 42 patents were issued annually, followed by a surge exceeding 140 patents annually after 2013. The latter increase has indicated that pre- and post-biotics have been recognized as biologically relevant. Patent mining therefore can enable forecasts of the future trajectory of these biologics and provide insights to evaluate their advancement. Moreover, this research is the first attempt to generalize and predict the directions of prebiotics and postbiotics using patent information and offers a comprehensive perspective for the potential utilization of prebiotics and postbiotics across a wide variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lu Han
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Lu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lulu Tan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dunsheng Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaofan Shen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
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Kim K, Jang H, Kim E, Kim H, Sung GY. Recent advances in understanding the role of the skin microbiome in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:2048-2061. [PMID: 37767872 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and histologically consists of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Humans maintain a cooperative symbiotic relationship with their skin microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, fungi and viruses that live on the surface of the skin, and which act as a barrier to protect the body from the inside and outside. The skin is a 'habitat' and vast 'ecosystem' inhabited by countless microbes; as such, relationships have been forged through millions of years of coevolution. It is not surprising then that microbes are key participants in shaping and maintaining essential physiological processes. In addition to maintaining barrier function, the unique symbiotic microbiota that colonizes the skin increases the immune response and provides protection against pathogenic microbes. This review examines our current understanding of skin microbes in shaping and enhancing the skin barrier, as well as skin microbiome-host interactions and their roles in skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). We also report on the current status of AD therapeutic drugs that target the skin microbiome, related research on current therapeutic strategies, and the limitations and future considerations of skin microbiome research. In particular, as a future strategy, we discuss the need for a skin-on-a-chip-based microphysiological system research model amenable to biomimetic in vitro studies and human skin equivalent models, including skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeji Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eunyul Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeju Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Gun Yong Sung
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Major in Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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13
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Zhou X, Zhang H, Li S, Jiang Y, Deng J, Yang C, Chen X, Jiang L. Effects of different levels of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical, and intestinal health of cyan-shank partridge birds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20130. [PMID: 37978234 PMCID: PMC10656579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effects of supplements containing fermented feed made from Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products (CSFBP-Fermented feed) on the growth performance, immunological function, and gut health of broilers. 1080 cyan-shank partridge birds aged 47 days were chosen and casually distributed to four groups, each with 6 replicates and 45 birds per replicate. The experimental groups were provided with 1% (group T2), 3% (group T3) and 5% (group T4) of CSFBP-fermented feed in the basic diet, while the control group (group T1) received the basic diet. The findings revealed that supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed reduced ADFI and FCR and improved ADG in birds (P < 0.05). MDA levels in the serum of birds fed CSFBP-fermented feed were lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The CAT activity in the serum of broilers increased after supplementation with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed (P < 0.05). Supplementing broilers with CSFBP-fermented feed enhanced VH in the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased CD in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% and 5% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of Claudin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced IL-1β mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, all experimental groups exhibited decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and INF-γ in the jejunal mucosa of the birds (P < 0.05). According to research using high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms' 16S rDNA, and an analysis of α-diversity found that supplementing broilers with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased the number of bacteria in their cecum (P < 0.05). Bacteroidota was higher in all groups after supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed. At the genus level, after addition with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed, the abundance of Bacteroide and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group were higher than the control group (33.36% vs 29.95%, 4.35% vs 2.94%). The abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Fusobacterium were lower than the control group (5.52% vs. 7.17%,0.38% vs. 1.33%). In summary, supplementing the diet with CSFBP-Fermented feed can promote the growth of performance by enhancing intestinal morphology, and barrier function, as well as modulating intestinal inflammatory factors and microbial composition in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhou
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaidan Zhang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Jicheng Deng
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanpeng Yang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianxin Chen
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Yang J, Li Y, Meng L. Combination of Bifidobacterium breve and antibiotics against Clostridioides difficile: effect of the time interval of combination on antagonistic activity. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:833-840. [PMID: 36808573 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Co-administration of probiotics and antibiotics has been used to prevent or treat primary Clostridioides difficile (pCDI), and the closer the interval between the combination, the more effective it is, but the reason behind this is unknown. In this study, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 was used in combination with vancomycin (VAN) and metronidazole (MTR) to treat C. difficile cells. The growth and biofilm production of C. difficile under different co-administration time interval treatments were determined by optical density and crystalline violet staining, respectively. The toxin production of C. difficile was determined by enzyme immunoassay, and the relative expressions of C. difficile virulence genes tcdA and tcdB were determined by real-time qPCR method. Meanwhile, the types and contents of organic acids in YH68-CFCS were investigated by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that YH68-CFCS in combination with VAN or MTR significantly inhibited the growth, biofilm production, and toxin production of C. difficile in the effective time interval range (0-12 h) but did not affect the expression level of C. difficile virulence genes. In addition, the effective antibacterial component of YH68-CFCS is lactic acid (LA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingtong Meng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Wu W, Chen Z, Han J, Qian L, Wang W, Lei J, Wang H. Endocrine, genetic, and microbiome nexus of obesity and potential role of postbiotics: a narrative review. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:84. [PMID: 37861729 PMCID: PMC10589153 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a public health crisis, presenting a huge burden on health care and the economic system in both developed and developing countries. According to the WHO's latest report on obesity, 39% of adults of age 18 and above are obese, with an increase of 18% compared to the last few decades. Metabolic energy imbalance due to contemporary lifestyle, changes in gut microbiota, hormonal imbalance, inherent genetics, and epigenetics is a major contributory factor to this crisis. Multiple studies have shown that probiotics and their metabolites (postbiotics) supplementation have an effect on obesity-related effects in vitro, in vivo, and in human clinical investigations. Postbiotics such as the SCFAs suppress obesity by regulating metabolic hormones such as GLP-1, and PPY thus reducing feed intake and suppressing appetite. Furthermore, muramyl di-peptides, bacteriocins, and LPS have been tested against obesity and yielded promising results in both human and mice studies. These insights provide an overview of targetable pharmacological sites and explore new opportunities for the safer use of postbiotics against obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu First People's Hospital, Changshu, 215501, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiani Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacai Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaguan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Yang J, Meng L, Li Y, Huang H. Strategies for applying probiotics in the antibiotic management of Clostridioides difficile infection. Food Funct 2023; 14:8711-8733. [PMID: 37725066 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02110f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The vital role of probiotics in the food field has been widely recognized, and at the same time, probiotics are gradually exhibiting surprising effects in the field of nutraceuticals, especially in regulating gut inflammation and the nutritional environment. As a dietary supplement in clinical nutrition, the coadministration of probiotics with antibiotics model has been applied to prevent intestinal infections caused by Clostridioides difficile. However, the mechanism behind this "bacteria-drug combination" model remains unclear. In particular, the selection of specific probiotic strains, the order of probiotics or antibiotics, and the time interval of coadministration are key issues that need to be further explored and clarified. Here, we focus on the issues mentioned above and give reasonable opinions, mainly including: (1) probiotics are safer and more effective when they intervene after antibiotics have been used; (2) the choice of the time interval between coadministration should be based on the metabolism of antibiotics in the host, differences in probiotic strains, the baseline ecological environment of the host's intestine, and the host immune level; in addition, the selection of the coadministration regime should also take into account factors such as the antibiotic sensitivity of probiotics and dosage of probiotics; and (3) by encapsulating probiotics, combining probiotics with prebiotics, and developing next-generation probiotics (NGPs) and postbiotic formulations, we can provide a more reasonable reference for this type of "bacteria-drug combination" model, and also provide targeted guidance for the application of probiotic dietary supplements in the antibiotic management of C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lingtong Meng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Chen C, Huang J, Omedi JO, Huang C, Cheng X, Zhang B, Li N, Gao T, Liang L, Zheng J, Zeng Y, Zhou Z, Huang W. Characteristics of the microstructure and the key components of white kidney bean sourdough bread induced by mixed-strain fermentation and its influence on gut microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:7413-7425. [PMID: 37475602 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01547e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of mixed-strain fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus with either Lactobacillus plantarum or Pediococcus pentosaceus on the physiochemical and nutritional properties of white kidney bean flour sourdough was investigated. The results indicated that mixed-strain fermentation reduced the anti-nutritional factors produced from the white kidney bean flour, especially in the sourdough fermented by L. plantarum and K. marxianus (WKS-LK) compared to that by P. pentosaceus and K. marxianus (WKS-JK). Meanwhile, the content of lactic acid and acetic acid and the proportion of peptides with molecular weights ranging from <500 to 5000 Da were increased in the sourdoughs (WKS-LK > WKS-JK). Compared to the control (WK), microstructural characteristics of the dough seemed to be improved in WKS-LK followed by WKS-JK in terms of their corresponding gluten network consistency. Moreover, mixed fermentation led to a reduced starch digestibility accompanied by a higher content of resistant starch and slowly digestible starch. In contrast, protein digestibility was enhanced in WKS-LK and WKS-JK sourdough breads. More importantly, the changes in gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, systemic inflammation, glucose tolerance and liver tissue histopathology following 21-day consumption of the sourdough bread were also evaluated via an animal model. The intake of sourdough breads reduced the abundance of the pathogenic microbiota Escherichia shigella. In contrast, the corresponding abundance of Rikenellaceae, Akkermansiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes was increased, followed by enhanced SCFA generation, with the highest in WKS-LK and then WKS-JK. Meanwhile, a reduced level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum and improved glucose tolerance and liver tissue histopathology following the bread consumption were also achieved in the order of WKS-LK, then WKS-JK mice compared to WK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jacob Ojobi Omedi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chengye Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Binle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Guangzhou Puratos Food Co. Ltd, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Tiecheng Gao
- Guangzhou Puratos Food Co. Ltd, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jianxian Zheng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, and Guangzhou Institute of Food Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yongqing Zeng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, and Guangzhou Institute of Food Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Weining Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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18
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Asif A, Afzaal M, Shahid H, Saeed F, Ahmed A, Shah YA, Ejaz A, Ghani S, Ateeq H, Khan MR. Probing the functional and therapeutic properties of postbiotics in relation to their industrial application. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4472-4484. [PMID: 37576043 PMCID: PMC10420781 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods are gaining significant research attention of researchers due to their health-endorsing properties due to their bioactive components either living cells (probiotics) or nonviable cells (prebiotics). The term "postbiotic" specifies the soluble substances, such as enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, muropeptides derived from peptidoglycans, polysaccharides, cell surface proteins, and organic acids, that are secreted by living bacteria or released after bacterial lysis. Due to various signaling molecules which may have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative activities, postbiotics offer great potential to be used in pharmaceutical, food, and nutraceutical industries, to promote health and ailment prevention. This recent review is a landmark of information relevant to the production of postbiotics along with salient features to use in various fields ranging from food to immunomodulation and selective and effective therapy. It also puts forward the concept that postbiotics are way more effective than probiotics in the veterinary, food as well as medical field which ultimately helps in reducing the disease burden along with human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Asif
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hina Shahid
- Women Medical OfficerDistrict Head Quarters (DHQ) Hospital VehariVehariPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Afaf Ejaz
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Samia Ghani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadPunjabPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman Khan
- Department of Food Processing and PreservationHajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
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Thoda C, Touraki M. Probiotic-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1898. [PMID: 37630458 PMCID: PMC10456921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with increased morbidity and mortality rates globally. Despite advanced chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of CRC, low survival rates due to the regular occurrence of drug resistance and deleterious side effects render the need for alternative anticancer agents imperative. Accumulating evidence supports that gut microbiota imbalance precedes the establishment of carcinogenesis, subsequently contributing to cancer progression and response to anticancer therapy. Manipulation of the gut microbiota composition via the administration of probiotic-derived bioactive compounds has gradually attained the interest of scientific communities as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC. These compounds encompass miscellaneous metabolic secreted products of probiotics, including bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, exopolysaccharides (EPSs), biosurfactants, and bacterial peptides, with profound anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. This review provides a classification of postbiotic types and a comprehensive summary of the current state of research on their biological role against CRC. It also describes how their intricate interaction with the gut microbiota regulates the proper function of the intestinal barrier, thus eliminating gut dysbiosis and CRC development. Finally, it discusses the future perspectives in precision-medicine approaches as well as the challenges of their synthesis and optimization of administration in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Touraki
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Gholami A, Montazeri-Najafabady N, Ashoori Y, Kazemi K, Heidari R, Omidifar N, Karimzadeh I, Ommati MM, Abootalebi SN, Golkar N. The ameliorating effect of limosilactobacillus fermentum and its supernatant postbiotic on cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease in an animal model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:243. [PMID: 37461012 PMCID: PMC10351115 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem affecting millions of people. Probiotics and postbiotics are associated with valuable compounds with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, preserving renal function in CKD patients. The current study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) and its postbiotic in an animal model of cisplatin-induced CKD. METHODS The animals were divided into four experimental groups (normal mice, CKD mice with no treatment, CKD mice with probiotic treatment, and CKD mice with postbiotic treatment). CKD mice were induced by a single dose of cisplatin 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. For 28 days, the cultured probiotic bacteria and its supernatant (postbiotic) were delivered freshly to the related groups through their daily water. Then, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) of plasma samples as well as glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and total antioxidant capacity of kidneys were assessed in the experimental mice groups. In addition, histopathological studies were performed on the kidneys. RESULTS Application of L. fermentum probiotic, and especially postbiotics, significantly decreased BUN and Cr (P < 0.0001) as well as ROS formation and lipid peroxidation levels (P < 0.0001) along with increased total antioxidant capacity and GSH levels (P < 0.001). The histopathologic images also confirmed their renal protection effect. Interestingly, the postbiotic displayed more effectiveness than the probiotic in some assays. The improvement effect on renal function in the current model is mainly mediated by oxidative stress markers in the renal tissue. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, it was found that the administration of L. fermentum probiotic, and particularly its postbiotic in cisplatin-induced CKD mice, showed promising effects and could successfully improve renal function in the animal model of CKD. Therefore, probiotics and postbiotics are considered as probably promising alternative supplements to be used for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yousef Ashoori
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71348-14336, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Seyedeh Narjes Abootalebi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasim Golkar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71348-14336, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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21
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Zhu G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Gut Microbiota and its Metabolites: Bridge of Dietary Nutrients and Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:819-839. [PMID: 37075947 PMCID: PMC10334159 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. Recent research has revealed the crucial role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in modulating AD. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiome and microbial metabolites affect brain function remain poorly understood. Here, we review the literature on changes in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome in patients with AD and in animal models of AD. We also discuss the latest progress in understanding the pathways by which the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites from the host or diet regulate AD. By understanding the effects of dietary components on brain function, microbiota composition, and microbial metabolites, we examine the potential for manipulation of the gut microbiota through dietary intervention to delay the progression of AD. Although it is challenging to translate our understanding of microbiome-based approaches to dietary guidelines or clinical therapies, these findings provide an attractive target for promoting brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Effects of microbial-derived biotics (meta/pharma/post-biotics) on the modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome; general aspects and emerging trends. Food Chem 2023; 411:135478. [PMID: 36696721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Potential effects of metabiotics (probiotics effector molecules or signaling factors), pharmabiotics (pro-functional metabolites produced by gut microbiota (GMB)) and postbiotics (multifunctional metabolites and structural compounds of food-grade microorganisms) on GMB have been rarely reviewed. These multifunctional components have several promising capabilities for prevention, alleviation and treatment of some diseases or disorders. Correlations between these essential biotics and GMB are also very interesting and important in human health and nutrition. Furthermore, these natural bioactives are involved in modulation of the immune function, control of metabolic dysbiosis and regulation of the signaling pathways. This review discusses the potential of meta/pharma/post-biotics as new classes of pharmaceutical agents and their effective mechanisms associated with GMB-host cell to cell communications with therapeutic benefits which are important in balance and the integrity of the host microbiome. In addition, cutting-edge findings about bioinformatics /metabolomics analyses related to GMB and these essential biotics are reviewed.
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23
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Chowdhury CR, Kavitake D, Jaiswal KK, Jaiswal KS, Reddy GB, Agarwal V, Shetty PH. NMR-based metabolomics as a significant tool for human nutritional research and health applications. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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24
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Pradhan D, Gulati G, Avadhani R, H M R, Soumya K, Kumari A, Gupta A, Dwivedi D, Kaushik JK, Grover S. Postbiotic Lipoteichoic acid of probiotic Lactobacillus origin ameliorates inflammation in HT-29 cells and colitis mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123962. [PMID: 36907160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a key surface component of probiotic lactobacilli that is involved in important cellular functions including cross talk with the host immune cells. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and ameliorative properties of LTA from probiotic lactobacilli strains were assessed in in vitro HT-29 cells and in vivo colitis mice. The LTA was extracted with n-butanol and its safety was confirmed based on its endotoxin content and cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells. In the Lipopolysaccharide stimulated HT-29 cells, the LTA from the test probiotics evoked a visible but non-significant increase in IL-10 and decrease in TNF-α levels. During the colitis mice study, probiotic LTA treated mice showed substantial improvement in external colitis symptoms, disease activity score and weight gain. The treated mice also showed improvements in key inflammatory markers such as the gut permeability, myeloperoxidase activity and histopathological damages in colon, although non-significant improvements were recorded for the inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, structural studies by NMR and FTIR revealed increased level of D-alanine substitution in the LTA of LGG strain over MTCC5690. The present study demonstrates the ameliorative effect of LTA as a postbiotic component from probiotics which can be helpful in building effective strategies for combating gut inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwas Pradhan
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ganga Gulati
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Rashmi Avadhani
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Rashmi H M
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kandukuri Soumya
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anisha Kumari
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Jai K Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunita Grover
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
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25
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Qi S, Jiang B, Huang C, Jin Y. Dual Regulation of Sulfonated Lignin to Prevent and Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:841-848. [PMID: 36608216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase of diabetes cases in the world, there is an increasing demand for slowing down and managing diabetes and its effects. It is considered that a viable prophylactic treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is to reduce carbohydrate digestibility by controlling the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase to control postprandial hyperglycemia and promote the growth of intestinal beneficial bacteria. In this work, the effects of sulfonated lignin with different sulfonation degrees (0.8 mmol/g, SL1; 2.9 mmol/g, SL2) on the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase and the proliferation of intestinal beneficial bacteria in vitro were investigated. The results showed that both SL1 and SL2 can inhibit the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The inhibition capacity (IC50, 32.35 μg/mL) of SL2 with a low concentration (0-0.5 mg/mL) to α-amylase was close to that of acarbose to α-amylase (IC50, 27.33 μg/mL). Compared with the control groups, the bacterial cell concentrations of Bifidobacteria adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus cultured with SL1 and SL2 increased in varying degrees (8-36%), and the produced short-chain fatty acids were about 1.2 times higher. This work demonstrates the prospect of sulfonated lignin as a prebiotic for the prevention and treatment of T2DM, which provides new insights for opening up a brand new field of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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26
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Postbiotics in Human Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020291. [PMID: 36678162 PMCID: PMC9863882 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, compressive health and functional foods are advocated by increasingly more people in order to eliminate sub-health conditions. Probiotics and postbiotics have gradually become the focus of scientific and nutrition communities. With the maturity and wide application of probiotics, the safety concerns and other disadvantages are non-negligible as we review here. As new-era products, postbiotics continue to have considerable potential as well as plentiful drawbacks to optimize. "Postbiotic" has been defined as a "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". Here, the evolution of the concept "postbiotics" is reviewed. The underlying mechanisms of postbiotic action are discussed. Current insight suggests that postbiotics exert efficacy through protective modulation, fortifying the epithelial barrier and modulation of immune responses. Finally, we provide an overview of the comparative advantages and the current application in the food industry at pharmaceutical and biomedical levels.
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Probiotics and Postbiotics as the Functional Food Components Affecting the Immune Response. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010104. [PMID: 36677396 PMCID: PMC9862734 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The food market is one of the most innovative segments of the world economy. Recently, among consumers there is a forming trend of a healthier lifestyle and interest in functional foods. Products with positive health properties are a good source of nutrients for consumers' nutritional needs and reduce the risk of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, or obesity. They also seem to boost the immune system. One of the types of functional food is "probiotic products", which contain viable microorganisms with beneficial health properties. However, due to some technical difficulties in their development and marketing, a new alternative has started to be sought. Many scientific studies also point to the possibility of positive effects on human health, the so-called "postbiotics", the characteristic metabolites of the microbiome. Both immunobiotics and post-immunobiotics are the food components that affect the immune response in two ways: as inhibition (suppressing allergies and inflammation) or as an enhancement (providing host defenses against infection). This work's aim was to conduct a literature review of the possibilities of using probiotics and postbiotics as the functional food components affecting the immune response, with an emphasis on the most recently published works.
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28
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Biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K16 as an alternative to revalue agri-food by-products. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18904. [PMID: 36344571 PMCID: PMC9640535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic metabolites, known as postbiotics, have received attention due to their wide variety of promoting health effects. One of the most exciting postbiotic is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), widely produced by lactic acid bacteria, due to its benefits in health. In addition, the performance of the biosynthesis of GABA by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum could be modulated through the modification of fermentation parameters. Due to their high nutritional value, agri-food by-products could be considered a useful fermentation source for microorganisms. Therefore, these by-products were proposed as fermentation substrates to produce GABA in this study. Previously, several experiments in Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth were performed to identify the most critical parameters to produce GABA using the strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K16. The percentage of inoculum, the initial pH, and the concentration of nutrients, such as monosodium glutamate or glucose, significantly affected the biosynthetic pathway of GABA. The highest GABA yield was obtained with 500 mM of monosodium glutamate and 25 g/L of glucose, and an initial pH of 5.5 and 1.2% inoculum. Furthermore, these investigated parameters were used to evaluate the possibility of using tomato, green pepper, apple, or orange by-products to get GABA-enriched fermented media, which is an excellent way to revalorise them.
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Mosca A, Abreu Y Abreu AT, Gwee KA, Ianiro G, Tack J, Nguyen TVH, Hill C. The clinical evidence for postbiotics as microbial therapeutics. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2117508. [PMID: 36184735 PMCID: PMC9542959 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2117508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimally operating microbiome supports protective, metabolic, and immune functions, but disruptions produce metabolites and toxins which can be involved in many conditions. Probiotics have the potential to manage these. However, their use in vulnerable people is linked to possible safety concerns and maintaining their viability is difficult. Interest in postbiotics is therefore increasing. Postbiotics contain inactivated microbial cells or cell components, thus are more stable and exert similar health benefits to probiotics. To review the evidence for the clinical benefits of postbiotics in highly prevalent conditions and consider future potential areas of benefit. There is growing evidence revealing the diverse clinical benefits of postbiotics in many prevalent conditions. Postbiotics could offer a novel therapeutic approach and may be a safer alternative to probiotics. Establishing interaction mechanisms between postbiotics and commensal microorganisms will improve the understanding of potential clinical benefits and may lead to targeted postbiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Mosca
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, APHP Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Ana Teresa Abreu Y Abreu
- Gastroenterologist and Neuro-gastroenterologist, Angeles del Pedregal Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kok Ann Gwee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario”A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland,CONTACT Prof. Colin HILL APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
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Characterisation of the probiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K16 and its ability to produce the postbiotic metabolite γ-aminobutyric acid. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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31
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Evdokimova S, Karetkin B, Zhurikov M, Guseva E, Khabibulina N, Shakir I, Panfilov V. Antagonistic activity of synbiotics: Response surface modeling of various factors. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synbiotic compositions have a great potential for curing microbial intestinal infections. Novel targeted synbiotics are a promising field of the modern functional food industry. The present research assessed the effect of various fructan fractions, initial probiotic counts, and test strains on the antagonistic properties of synbiotics.
The research involved powdered roots of Arctium lappa L. and strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella enterica. The experiment was based on the central composite rotatable design. A water extract of A. lappa roots was purified and concentrated. Fructan fractions were precipitated at various concentrations of ethanol, dried, and sub jected to carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectrometry. The bifidobacteria and the test strains were co-cultivated in the same medium that contained one of the fractions. Co-cultivation lasted during 10 h under the same conditions. The acid concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to define the synbiotic factor.
The obtained fructans were closer to commercial oligofructose in terms of the number and location of NMR peaks. However, they were between oligofructose and inulin in terms of signal intensity. The response surface analysis for bacilli showed that the minimal synbiotic factor value corresponded to the initial probiotic count of 7.69 log(CFU/mL) and the fructan fraction precipitated by 20% ethanol. The metabolites produced by the bacilli also affected their growth. The synbiotic factor response surface for the experiments with Salmonella transformed from parabolic to saddle shape as the initial test strain count increased. The minimal synbiotic factor value corresponded to the lowest precipitant concentration and the highest probiotic count.
The research established a quantitative relationship between the fractional composition of fructans and the antagonistic activity of the synbiotic composition with bifidobacteria. It also revealed how the ratio of probiotic and pathogen counts affects the antagonism. The proposed approach can be extrapolated on other prebiotics and microbial strains in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Karetkin
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | | | - Elena Guseva
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | | | - Irina Shakir
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | - Victor Panfilov
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
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32
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Aggarwal S, Sabharwal V, Kaushik P, Joshi A, Aayushi A, Suri M. Postbiotics: From emerging concept to application. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.887642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome innovation has resulted in an umbrella term, postbiotics, which refers to non-viable microbial cells, metabolic byproducts and their microbial components released after lysis. Postbiotics, modulate immune response, gene expression, inhibit pathogen binding, maintain intestinal barriers, help in controlling carcinogenesis and pathogen infections. Postbiotics have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties with favorable physiological, immunological, neuro-hormonal, regulatory and metabolic reactions. Consumption of postbiotics relieves symptoms of various diseases and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics can act as alternatives for pre-probiotic specially in immunosuppressed patients, children and premature neonates. Postbiotics are used to preserve and enhance nutritional properties of food, elimination of biofilms and skin conditioning in cosmetics. Postbiotics have numerous advantages over live bacteria with no risk of bacterial translocation from the gut to blood, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. The process of extraction, standardization, transport, and storage of postbiotic is more natural. Bioengineering techniques such as fermentation technology, high pressure etc., may be used for the synthesis of different postbiotics. Safety assessment and quality assurance of postbiotic is important as they may induce stomach discomfort, sepsis and/or toxic shock. Postbiotics are still in their infancy compared to pre- and pro- biotics but future research in this field may contribute to improved physiological functions and host health. The current review comprehensively summarizes new frontiers of research in postbiotics.
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Letizia F, Albanese G, Testa B, Vergalito F, Bagnoli D, Di Martino C, Carillo P, Verrillo L, Succi M, Sorrentino E, Coppola R, Tremonte P, Lombardi SJ, Di Marco R, Iorizzo M. In Vitro Assessment of Bio-Functional Properties from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2321-2334. [PMID: 35678687 PMCID: PMC9164048 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, alongside the conventional screening procedures for the evaluation of probiotics for human usage, the pharmaceutical and food industries have encouraged scientific research towards the selection of new probiotic bacterial strains with particular functional features. Therefore, this study intended to explore novel functional properties of five Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains isolated from bee bread. Specifically, antioxidant, antimicrobial and β-glucosidase activities, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production and the ability to synthesize γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the investigated L. plantarum strains were effective in inhibiting the growth of some human opportunistic pathogens in vitro (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus). Moreover, the evaluation of antioxidant and β-glucosidase activity and of EPS and GABA production, revealed a different behavior among the strains, testifying how these properties are strongly strain-dependent. This suggests that a careful selection within a given species is important in order to identify appropriate strains for specific biotechnological applications. The results highlighted that the five strains of L. plantarum are promising candidates for application as dietary supplements in the human diet and as microbial cultures in specific food productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Letizia
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Gianluca Albanese
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Bruno Testa
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Franca Vergalito
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Diletta Bagnoli
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Catello Di Martino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Lucia Verrillo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mariantonietta Succi
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Elena Sorrentino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Patrizio Tremonte
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Silvia Jane Lombardi
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.L.); (G.A.); (B.T.); (F.V.); (D.B.); (C.D.M.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (P.T.); (S.J.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (M.I.)
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Usefulness of Probiotics in the Management of NAFLD: Evidence and Involved Mechanisms of Action from Preclinical and Human Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063167. [PMID: 35328587 PMCID: PMC8950320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims at analyzing the current evidence regarding probiotic administration for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management. Additionally, the involved mechanisms of action modulated by probiotic administration, as well as the eventual limitations of this therapeutic approach and potential alternatives, are discussed. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of single-strain probiotics and probiotic mixtures effectively prevents diet-induced NAFLD. In both cases, the magnitude of the described effects, as well as the involved mechanisms of action, are comparable, including reduced liver lipid accumulation (due to lipogenesis downregulation and fatty acid oxidation upregulation), recovery of gut microbiota composition and enhanced intestinal integrity. Similar results have also been reported in clinical trials, where the administration of probiotics proved to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD in patients featuring this liver condition. In this case, information regarding the mechanisms of action underlying probiotics-mediated hepatoprotective effects is scarcer (mainly due to the difficulty of liver sample collection). Since probiotics administration represents an increased risk of infection in vulnerable subjects, much attention has been paid to parabiotics and postbiotics, which seem to be effective in the management of several metabolic diseases, and thus represent a suitable alternative to probiotic usage.
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Hsu CN, Yu HR, Chan JYH, Wu KLH, Lee WC, Tain YL. The Impact of Gut Microbiome on Maternal Fructose Intake-Induced Developmental Programming of Adult Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051031. [PMID: 35268005 PMCID: PMC8912426 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive or insufficient maternal nutrition can influence fetal development and the susceptibility of offspring to adult disease. As eating a fructose-rich diet is becoming more common, the effects of maternal fructose intake on offspring health is of increasing relevance. The gut is required to process fructose, and a high-fructose diet can alter the gut microbiome, resulting in gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. Current evidence from animal models has revealed that maternal fructose consumption causes various components of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring, while little is known about how gut microbiome is implicated in fructose-induced developmental programming and the consequential risks for developing chronic disease in offspring. This review will first summarize the current evidence supporting the link between fructose and developmental programming of adult diseases. This will be followed by presenting how gut microbiota links to common mechanisms underlying fructose-induced developmental programming. We also provide an overview of the reprogramming effects of gut microbiota-targeted therapy on fructose-induced developmental programming and how this approach may prevent adult-onset disease. Using gut microbiota-targeted therapy to prevent maternal fructose diet-induced developmental programming, we have the potential to mitigate the global burden of fructose-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Bozzetti V, Senger S. Organoid technologies for the study of intestinal microbiota–host interactions. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:290-303. [PMID: 35232671 PMCID: PMC8957533 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postbiotics have recently emerged as critical effectors of the activity of probiotics and, because of their safety profile, they are considered potential therapeutics for the treatment of fragile patients. Here, we present recent studies on probiotics and postbiotics in the context of novel discovery tools, such as organoids and organoid-based platforms, and nontransformed preclinical models, that can be generated from intestinal stem cells. The implementation of organoid-related techniques is the next gold standard for unraveling the effect of microbial communities on homeostasis, inflammation, idiopathic diseases, and cancer in the gut. We also summarize recent studies on biotics in organoid-based models and offer our perspective on future directions.
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OmerOglou E, Karaca B, Kibar H, Haliscelik O, Kiran F. The role of microbiota-derived postbiotic mediators on biofilm formation and quorum sensing-mediated virulence of Streptococcus mutans: A perspective on preventing dental caries. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105390. [PMID: 35092835 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is not only one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, but also a public health problem, undoubtedly. Among the various types of cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans is considered to be the major etiological pathogen of dental caries. The present study aimed to assess the influence of microbiota-derived postbiotic mediators (PMs) on the pathogenesis of dental caries. Within this aim, the antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of PMs derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EIR/IF-1, Lactiplantibacillus curvatus EIR/DG-1, and Lactiplantibacillus curvatus EIR/BG-2 against S. mutans (ATCC 25175) were analyzed. According to the results, PM of the strain EIR/IF-1, isolated from infant feces showed the highest inhibitory effect (pH-dependent). Besides, sub-MIC doses of all PMs eliminated the biofilm formation following the co-incubation and pre-treatment assays. The reduction of cell viability and notable changes in biofilm formation was also confirmed both on glass coverslips and ex vivo human tooth surfaces by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, sub-MIC values of PMs down-regulated the expression of gtfC, comA, and comX, without any significant growth inhibition. Organic acids, fatty acids, and vitamins in PMs were also reported. Overall, these findings indicated the possible preventive roles of microbiota-derived PMs for the pathogenesis of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine OmerOglou
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basar Karaca
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Kibar
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Haliscelik
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Vacca M, De Angelis M, Farella I, Lanza E, Khalil M, Wang DQH, Sperandio M, Di Ciaula A. Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031105. [PMID: 35163038 PMCID: PMC8835596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Elisa Lanza
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine (WBex), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
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Coffee brews as food matrices for delivering probiotics: Opportunities, challenges, and potential health benefits. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rosés C, Nieto JA, Viadel B, Gallego E, Romo-Hualde A, Streitenberger S, Milagro FI, Barceló A. An In Vitro Protocol to Study the Modulatory Effects of a Food or Biocompound on Human Gut Microbiome and Metabolome. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123020. [PMID: 34945571 PMCID: PMC8701939 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in gastrointestinal immune and metabolic functions and is influenced by dietary composition. An in vitro protocol simulating the physiological conditions of the digestive system helps to study the effects of foods/biocompounds on gut microbiome and metabolome. The Dynamic-Colonic Gastrointestinal Digester consists of five interconnected compartments, double jacket vessels that simulate the physiological conditions of the stomach, the small intestine and the three colonic sections, which are the ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon. Human faeces are required to reproduce the conditions and culture medium of the human colon, allowing the growth of the intestinal microbiota. After a stabilization period of 12 days, a food/biocompound can be introduced to study its modulatory effects during the next 14 days (treatment period). At the end of the stabilization and treatment period, samples taken from the colon compartments are analysed. The 16S rRNA gene analysis reveals the microbiota composition. The untargeted metabolomics analysis gives more than 10,000 features (metabolites/compounds). The present protocol allows in vitro testing of the modulatory effects of foods or biocompounds on gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Rosés
- Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain;
| | - Juan Antonio Nieto
- Ainia, In Vitro Digestion Assays, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.A.N.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Blanca Viadel
- Ainia, In Vitro Digestion Assays, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.A.N.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisa Gallego
- Ainia, In Vitro Digestion Assays, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.A.N.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Ana Romo-Hualde
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.-H.); (F.I.M.)
| | | | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.-H.); (F.I.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Barceló
- Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Panyod S, Wu WK, Chen CC, Wu MS, Ho CT, Sheen LY. Modulation of gut microbiota by foods and herbs to prevent cardiovascular diseases. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 13:107-118. [PMID: 36970453 PMCID: PMC10037074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary nutrients are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) both through traditional pathways (inducing hyperlipidemia and chronic inflammation) and through the emergence of a metaorganism-pathogenesis pathway (through the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and host). Several molecules from food play an important role as CVD risk-factor precursors either themselves or through the metabolism of the gut microbiome. Animal-based dietary proteins are the primary source of CVD risk-factor precursors; however, some plants also possess these precursors, though at relatively low levels compared with animal-source food products. Various medications have been developed to treat CVD through the gut-microbiota-circulation axis, and they exhibit potent effects in CVD treatment. Nevertheless, such medicines are still being improved, and there are many research gaps that need to be addressed. Furthermore, some medications have unpleasant or adverse effects. Numerous foods and herbs impart beneficial effects upon health and disease. In the past decade, many studies have focused on treating and preventing CVD by modulating the gut microbiota and their metabolites. This review provides an overview of the available information, summarizes current research related to the gut-microbiota-heart axis, enumerates the foods and herbs that are CVD-risk precursors, and illustrates how metabolites become CVD risk factors through the metabolism of gut microbiota. Moreover, we present perspectives on the application of foods and herbs-including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotic-like substances-as CVD prevention agents to modulate gut microbiota by inhibiting gut-derived CVD risk factors. Taxonomy classification by EVISE Cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota, herbal medicine, preventive medicine, dietary therapy, nutrition supplements.
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Role of Postbiotics in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071590. [PMID: 34359462 PMCID: PMC8306164 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the gastrointestinal microbiota has been recognised as being essential for health. Indeed, several publications have documented the suitability of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in the management of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Advances in laboratory techniques have allowed the identification and characterisation of new biologically active molecules, referred to as “postbiotics”. Postbiotics are defined as functional bioactive compounds obtained from food-grade microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They include cell structures, secreted molecules or metabolic by-products, and inanimate microorganisms. This heterogeneous group of molecules presents a broad range of mechanisms and may exhibit some advantages over traditional “biotics” such as probiotics and prebiotics. Owing to the growing incidence of DM worldwide and the implications of the microbiota in the disease progression, postbiotics appear to be good candidates as novel therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge about postbiotic compounds and their potential application in diabetes management. Additionally, we envision future perspectives on this topic. In summary, the results indicate that postbiotics hold promise as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for DM.
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Co-Encapsulated Synbiotics and Immobilized Probiotics in Human Health and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061297. [PMID: 34200108 PMCID: PMC8230215 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in the development of innovative functional products as ideal carriers for synbiotics, e.g., nutrient bars, yogurt, chocolate, juice, ice cream, and cheese, to ensure the daily intake of probiotics and prebiotics, which are needed to maintain a healthy gut microbiota and overall well-being, is undeniable and inevitable. This review focuses on the modern approaches that are currently being developed to modulate the gut microbiota, with an emphasis on the health benefits mediated by co-encapsulated synbiotics and immobilized probiotics. The impact of processing, storage, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions on the viability and bioactivity of probiotics together with prebiotics such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytochemicals, and dietary fibers using various delivery systems are considered. Despite the proven biological properties of synbiotics, research in this area needs to be focused on the proper selection of probiotic strains, their prebiotic counterparts, and delivery systems to avoid suppression of their synergistic or complementary effect on human health. Future directions should lead to the development of functional food products containing stable synbiotics tailored for different age groups or specifically designed to fulfill the needs of adjuvant therapy.
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Lucas-González R, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ, Viuda-Martos M, Fernández-López J. Pork Liver Pâté Enriched with Persimmon Coproducts: Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on Its Fatty Acid and Polyphenol Profile Stability. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041332. [PMID: 33920571 PMCID: PMC8073653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrofood coproducts are used to enrich meat products to reduce harmful compounds and contribute to fiber and polyphenol enrichment. Pork liver pâtés with added persimmon coproducts (3 and 6%; PR-3 and PR-6, respectively) were developed. Therefore, the aim was to study the effect of their in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on: the free and bound polyphenol profile (HPLC) and their colon-available index; the lipid oxidation (TBARs); and the stability of the fatty acid profile (GC). Furthermore, the effect of lipolysis was investigated using two pancreatins with different lipase activity. Forty-two polyphenols were detected in persimmon flour, which were revealed as a good source of bound polyphenols in pâtés, especially gallic acid (164.3 µg/g d.w. in PR-3 and 631.8 µg/g d.w. in PR-6). After gastrointestinal digestion, the colon-available index in enriched pâté ranged from 88.73 to 195.78%. The different lipase activity in the intestinal phase caused significant differences in bound polyphenols' stability, contributing to increased lipid oxidation. The fatty acids profile in pâté samples was stable, and surprisingly their PUFA content was raised. In conclusion, rich fatty foods, such as pâté, are excellent vehicles to preserve bound polyphenols, which can reach the colon intact and be metabolized by the intestinal microbiome.
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Peluzio MDCG, Dias MDME, Martinez JA, Milagro FI. Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:638740. [PMID: 33693024 PMCID: PMC7938729 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.638740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades changes in the pattern of health and disease in Latin America and in the world has been observed, with an increase in cases of chronic non-communicable diseases. Changes in intestinal microbiota composition can contribute to the development of these diseases and be useful in their management. In this context, the consumption of fermented foods with probiotic properties, such as kefir, stands out due to its gut microbiota-modulating capacity. There is an increasing interest in the commercial use of kefir since it can be marketed as a natural beverage containing health-promoting bacteria and has been gaining international popularity in Latin America. Also the consumption of these drinks in Latin America seems to be even more relevant, given the socioeconomic situation of this population, which highlights the need for disease prevention at the expense of its treatment. In this narrative review, we discuss how kefir may work against obesity, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, cardiovascular disorders, immunity, and neurological disorders. Peptides, bioactive compounds and strains occurring in kefir, can modulate gut microbiota composition, low-grade inflammation and intestinal permeability, which consequently may generate health benefits. Kefir can also impact on the regulation of organism homeostasis, with a direct effect on the gut-brain axis, being a possible strategy for the prevention of metabolic diseases. Further studies are needed to standardize these bioactive compounds and better elucidate the mechanisms linking kefir and intestinal microbiota modulation. However, due to the benefits reported, low cost and ease of preparation, kefir seems to be a promising approach to prevent and manage microbiota-related diseases in Latin America and the rest of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Sevin S, Karaca B, Haliscelik O, Kibar H, OmerOglou E, Kiran F. Postbiotics secreted by Lactobacillus sakei EIR/CM-1 isolated from cow milk microbiota, display antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against ruminant mastitis-causing pathogens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1958077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- The Company of Sentezfarma, Ankara University Technopolis, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basar Karaca
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Haliscelik
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Kibar
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine OmerOglou
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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