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Farhadian M, Veisi S, Farhadian N, Zamanian MH. Hematological parameters in newly diagnosed TB patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 144:102430. [PMID: 38041963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite all efforts, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the 10 leading causes of death worldwide. The hematopoietic system is seriously affected by TB and there is little information about the hematological profile of patients with TB. In this regard, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess hematological parameters among newly diagnosed TB patients. Relevant papers were found by searching in the PubMed database until April 2023. Fifteen papers involving 3354 patients were included. One-sample meta-analysis revealed the low pooled mean values for Hgb of 11.679 g/dl (95 % CI: 10.982-12.377) and the increased pooled ESR of 63.569 mm/h (95 % CI: 57.834-69.304) among newly diagnosed TB patients. The pooled prevalence of anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and lymphopenia was 61.6 % (95 % CI: 45.4-75.6 %), 45.9 % (95 % CI: 39.1-52.9 %), 31.9 % (95%CI: 15-55.3 %) and 23.1 % (95%CI: 5.4-61.5 %) between TB patients, respectively. From a two-sample meta-analysis, the RBC and HgB values for TB patients were significantly lower than that of healthy controls (p < 0.05). Awareness of common blood abnormalities like elevated ESR, leukocytosis, and anemia in newly diagnosed TB patients helps physicians in early diagnosis and better management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sobhan Veisi
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Farhadian
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Zamanian
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Santana-da-Silva MN, Sena-dos-Santos C, Cáceres-Durán MÁ, de Souza FG, Gobbo AR, Pinto P, Salgado CG, dos Santos SEB. ncRNAs: an unexplored cellular defense mechanism in leprosy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1295586. [PMID: 38116294 PMCID: PMC10729009 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1295586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is an infectious disease primarily caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Mycobacterium leprae. Although it has been considered eradicated in many countries, leprosy continues to be a health issue in developing nations. Besides the social stigma associated with it, individuals affected by leprosy may experience nerve damage leading to physical disabilities if the disease is not properly treated or early diagnosed. Leprosy is recognized as a complex disease wherein socioenvironmental factors, immune response, and host genetics interact to contribute to its development. Recently, a new field of study called epigenetics has emerged, revealing that the immune response and other mechanisms related to infectious diseases can be influenced by noncoding RNAs. This review aims to summarize the significant advancements concerning non-coding RNAs in leprosy, discussing the key perspectives on this novel approach to comprehending the pathophysiology of the disease and identifying molecular markers. In our view, investigations on non-coding RNAs in leprosy hold promise and warrant increased attention from researches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Natália Santana-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Seção de Virologia (SAVIR), Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Camille Sena-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Miguel Ángel Cáceres-Durán
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gouvea de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Angelica Rita Gobbo
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Pablo Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Claudio Guedes Salgado
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
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3
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A century of attempts to develop an effective tuberculosis vaccine: Why they failed? Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108791. [PMID: 35487086 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem despite widespread use of the Bacillus BCG vaccine. This situation is worsened by co-infection with HIV, and the development of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. Thus, novel vaccine candidates and improved vaccination strategies are urgently needed in order to reduce the incidence of TB and even to eradicate TB by 2050. Over the last few decades, 23 novel TB vaccines have entered into clinical trials, more than 13 new vaccines have reached various stages of preclinical development, and more than 50 potential candidates are in the discovery stage as next-generation vaccines. Nevertheless, why has a century of attempts to introduce an effective TB vaccine failed? Who should be blamed -scientists, human response, or Mtb strategies? Literature review reveals that the elimination of latent or active Mtb infections in a given population seems to be an epigenetic process. With a better understanding of the connections between bacterial infections and gene expression conditions in epigenetic events, opportunities arise in designing protective vaccines or therapeutic agents, particularly as epigenetic processes can be reversed. Therefore, this review provides a brief overview of different approaches towards novel vaccination strategies and the mechanisms underlying these approaches.
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Dwivedi V, Gautam S, Headley CA, Piergallini T, Torrelles JB, Turner J. IL-10 Receptor Blockade Delivered Simultaneously with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Sustains Long-Term Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1406-1416. [PMID: 35181640 PMCID: PMC11075079 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization still remains the best vaccination strategy available to control the development of active tuberculosis. Protection afforded by BCG vaccination gradually wanes over time and although booster strategies have promise, they remain under development. An alternative approach is to improve BCG efficacy through host-directed therapy. Building upon prior knowledge that blockade of IL-10R1 during early Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection improves and extends control of M. tuberculosis infection in mice, we employed a combined anti-IL-10R1/BCG vaccine strategy. An s.c. single vaccination of BCG/anti-IL10-R1 increased the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells and reduced Th1 and Th17 cytokine levels in the lung for up to 7 wk postvaccination. Subsequent M. tuberculosis challenge in mice showed both an early (4 wk) and sustained long-term (47 wk) control of infection, which was associated with increased survival. In contrast, protection of BCG/saline-vaccinated mice waned 8 wk after M. tuberculosis infection. Our findings demonstrate that a single and simultaneous vaccination with BCG/anti-IL10-R1 sustains long-term protection, identifying a promising approach to enhance and extend the current BCG-mediated protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX; and
| | - Colwyn A Headley
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX; and
| | - Tucker Piergallini
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX; and
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX; and
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de Waal AM, Hiemstra PS, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA, van der Does AM. Lung epithelial cells interact with immune cells and bacteria to shape the microenvironment in tuberculosis. Thorax 2022; 77:408-416. [PMID: 35017314 PMCID: PMC8938665 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lung epithelium has long been overlooked as a key player in tuberculosis disease. In addition to acting as a direct barrier to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), epithelial cells (EC) of the airways and alveoli act as first responders during Mtb infections; they directly sense and respond to Mtb by producing mediators such as cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobials. Interactions of EC with innate and adaptive immune cells further shape the immune response against Mtb. These three essential components, epithelium, immune cells and Mtb, are rarely studied in conjunction, owing in part to difficulties in coculturing them. Recent advances in cell culture technologies offer the opportunity to model the lung microenvironment more closely. Herein, we discuss the interplay between lung EC, immune cells and Mtb and argue that modelling these interactions is of key importance to unravel early events during Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M de Waal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Baatjies L, Loxton AG, Williams MJ. Host and Bacterial Iron Homeostasis, an Underexplored Area in Tuberculosis Biomarker Research. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742059. [PMID: 34777355 PMCID: PMC8586213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) "a human adapted pathogen" has found multiple ways to manipulate the host immune response during infection. The human immune response to Mtb infection is a highly complex cascade of reactions, with macrophages as preferred intracellular location. Interaction with the host through infection gives rise to expression of specific gene products for survival and multiplication within the host. The signals that the pathogens encounter during infection cause them to selectively express genes in response to signals. One strategy to identify Mtb antigens with diagnostic potential is to identify genes that are specifically induced during infection or in specific disease stages. The shortcomings of current immunodiagnostics include the failure to detect progression from latent infection to active tuberculosis disease, and the inability to monitor treatment efficacy. This highlights the need for new tuberculosis biomarkers. These biomarkers should be highly sensitive and specific diagnosing TB infection, specifically distinguishing between latent infection and active disease. The regulation of iron levels by the host plays a crucial role in the susceptibility and outcome of Mtb infection. Of interest are the siderophore biosynthetic genes, encoded by the mbt-1 and mbt-2 loci and the SUF (mobilization of sulphur) operon (sufR-sufB-sufD-sufC-csd-nifU-sufT), which encodes the primary iron-sulphur cluster biogenesis system. These genes are induced during iron limitation and intracellular growth of Mtb, pointing to their importance during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Baatjies
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre G. Loxton
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique J. Williams
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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BCG-induced immunity profiles in household contacts of leprosy patients differentiate between protection and disease. Vaccine 2021; 39:7230-7237. [PMID: 34688497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae leading to irreversible disabilities along with social exclusion. Leprosy is a spectral disease for which the clinical outcome after M. leprae infection is determined by host factors. The spectrum spans from anti-inflammatory T helper-2 (Th2) immunity concomitant with large numbers of bacteria as well as antibodies against M. leprae antigens in multibacillary (MB) leprosy, to paucibacillary (PB) leprosy characterised by strong pro-inflammatory, Th1 as well as Th17 immunity. Despite decades of availability of adequate antibiotic treatment, transmission of M. leprae is unabated. Since individuals with close and frequent contact with untreated leprosy patients are particularly at risk to develop the disease themselves, prophylactic strategies currently focus on household contacts of newly diagnosed patients. It has been shown that BCG (re)vaccination can reduce the risk of leprosy. However, BCG immunoprophylaxis in contacts of leprosy patients has also been reported to induce PB leprosy, indicating that BCG (re)vaccination may tip the balance between protective immunity and overactivation immunity causing skin/nerve tissue damage. In order to identify who is at risk of developing PB leprosy after BCG vaccination, amongst individuals who are chronically exposed to M. leprae, we analyzed innate and adaptive immune markers in whole blood of household contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in Bangladesh, some of which received BCG vaccination. As controls, individuals from the same area without known contact with leprosy patients were similarly assessed. Our data show the added effect of BCG vaccination on immune markers on top of the effect already induced by M. leprae exposure. Moreover, we identified BCG-induced markers that differentiate between protective and disease prone immunity in those contacts.
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Tamburini B, Badami GD, Azgomi MS, Dieli F, La Manna MP, Caccamo N. Role of hematopoietic cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 130:102109. [PMID: 34315045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the most significant causes of mortality worldwide and the current situation shows a re-emergence of TB due to the emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains and the widespread of disease caused by immunodeficiencies. For these reasons, a big effort is made to improve the therapeutic strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to perform new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. This review analyzes the various hematopoietic populations, their role and the different changes they undergo during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or disease. We have examined the population of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets, in orderto understand how each of them is modulated during the course of infection/disease. In this way it will be possible to highlight the correlations between these cell populations and the different stages of tubercular infection. In fact, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to influence both proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Several studies have highlighted that Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also infect progenitor cells in the bone marrow during active disease driving towards an increase of myeloid differentiation. This review focuses how the different stages of tubercular infection could impact on the different hematopoietic populations, with the aim to correlate the changes of different populations as biomarkers useful to discriminate infection from disease and to evaluate the effectiveness of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.); University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Giusto Davide Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.); University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.); University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.); University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.); University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.); University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy.
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Geluk A. All mycobacteria are inventive, but some are more Daedalean than others. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:5-9. [PMID: 33987855 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yousefi Avarvand A, Meshkat Z, Khademi F, Tafaghodi M. Immunogenicity of HspX/EsxS fusion protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis along with ISCOMATRIX and PLUSCOM nano-adjuvants after subcutaneous administration in animal model. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104842. [PMID: 33762199 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), is one of the most common and dangerous infectious diseases in the world. Despite vaccination with BCG, it is still considered as a major health problem. Therefore, design and production of an effective novel vaccine against TB is necessary. Our aim was to evaluate immunogenicity of HspX/EsxS fusion protein of M. tuberculosis along with ISCOMATRIX, PLUSCOM nano-adjuvants and MPLA through the subcutaneous route in mice model. METHODS HspX/EsxS fused protein of M. tuberculosis was cloned, expressed and purified in the prokaryotic system. ISCOMATRIX and PLUSCOM nano-adjuvants were prepared by film hydration method. Subcutaneous immunization of BALB/c mice was performed by different formulations. IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β cytokines levels as well as serum IgG1, IgG2a. RESULTS Our results showed that subcutaneous administration of mice with HspX/EsxS along with three adjuvants, ISCOMATRIX, PLUSCOM and MPLA increased immunogenicity of multi-stage fusion protein of M. tuberculosis. Additionally, HspX/EsxS protein + ISCOMATRIX or + PLUSCOM nano-adjuvants induced stronger Th1, IgG2a and IgG1 immune responses compared to MPLA adjuvant. Totally, HspX/EsxS/ISCOMATRIX/MPLA, HspX/EsxS/PLUSCOM/MPLA and two BCG booster groups could significantly induce higher Th1 and IgG2a immune responses. CONCLUSION With regard to ability of ISCOMATRIX, PLUSCOM and MPLA adjuvants to increase immunogenicity of HspX/EsxS protein through induction of IFN-γ and IgG2a immune responses, it seems that these adjuvants and especially ISCOMATRIX and PLUSCOM, could also improve BCG efficacy as a BCG booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshid Yousefi Avarvand
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Qaem University Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farzad Khademi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Tafaghodi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Weinschutz Mendes H, Boldt ABW, von Rosen Seeling Stahlke E, Jensenius JC, Thiel S, Messias-Reason IJT. Adding MASP1 to the lectin pathway-Leprosy association puzzle: Hints from gene polymorphisms and protein levels. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007534. [PMID: 32240160 PMCID: PMC7162614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deposition of complement factors on Mycobacterium leprae may enhance phagocytosis. Such deposition may occur through the lectin pathway of complement. Three proteins of the lectin pathway are produced from the gene MASP1: Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1) and MASP-3 and mannan-binding lectin-associated protein of 44 kDa (MAp44). Despite their obvious importance, the roles played by these proteins have never been investigated in leprosy disease. METHODOLOGY We haplotyped five MASP1 polymorphisms by multiplex sequence-specific PCR (intronic rs7609662*G>A and rs13064994*C>T, exon 12 3'-untranslated rs72549262*C>G, rs1109452*C>T and rs850314*G>A) and measured MASP-1, MASP-3 and MAp44 serum levels in 196 leprosy patients (60%, lepromatous) and 193 controls. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Lower MASP-3 and MAp44 levels were observed in patients, compared with controls (P = 0.0002 and P<0.0001, respectively) and in lepromatous, compared with non-lepromatous patients (P = 0.008 and P = 0.002, respectively). Higher MASP-3 levels were present in controls carrying variants/haplotypes associated with leprosy resistance (rs13064994*T, rs1109452_rs850314*CG within GT_CCG and rs850314*A: OR = 0.5-0.6, Pcorr = 0.01-0.04). Controls with rs1109452*T, included in susceptibility haplotypes (GT_GTG/GT_CTG: OR = 2.0, Pcorr = 0.03), had higher MASP-1 and lower MASP-3 levels (P≤0.009). Those with GC_CCG, presented increasing susceptibility (OR = 1.7, Pcorr = 0.006) and higher MAp44 levels (P = 0.015). MASP-3 expression decreased in patients, compared with controls carrying rs1109452_rs850314*CA or CG (P≤0.02), which may rely on exon 12 CpG methylation and/or miR-2861/miR-3181 mRNA binding. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms regulating MASP-3/MAp44 availability in serum modulate leprosy susceptibility, underlining the importance of lectin pathway regulation against pathogens that exploit phagocytosis to parasitize host macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Weinschutz Mendes
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Iara J. Taborda Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Hepatitis C Virus Affects Tuberculosis-Specific T Cells in HIV-Negative Patients. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010101. [PMID: 31952232 PMCID: PMC7019953 DOI: 10.3390/v12010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the same patient presents a unique clinical challenge. The impact of HCV infection on the immune response to TB remains poorly investigated in TB+/HCV+ patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of HCV on the T-cell-mediated immune response to TB in coinfected patients. Sixty-four patients with active TB infections were screened for coinfection with HCV. The expression of immune activation markers IFN-γ, CD38, and HLA-DR on TB-specific CD4+ T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry in TB-monoinfected patients, TB/HCV-coinfected patients, and healthy controls. IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were measured using ELISA. The end-of-treatment response to anti-TB therapy was recorded for both patient groups. Significantly lower levels of CD4+IFN-γ+CD38+ and CD4+IFN-γ+HLA-DR+ T cells were detected in TB/HCV-coinfected patients compared to TB monoinfected patients and controls. TB+/HCV+-coinfected patients showed higher serum levels of IL-10. The baseline frequencies of TB-specific activated T-cell subsets did not predict the response to antituberculous therapy in TB+/HCV+ patients. We concluded that different subsets of TB-specific CD4+ T cells in TB/HCV-infected individuals are partially impaired in early-stage HCV infection. This was combined with increased serum IL-10 level. Such immune modulations may represent a powerful risk factor for disease progression in patients with HCV/TB coinfection.
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Richardus R, Alam K, Kundu K, Chandra Roy J, Zafar T, Chowdhury AS, Nieboer D, Faber R, Butlin CR, Geluk A, Richardus JH. Effectiveness of single-dose rifampicin after BCG vaccination to prevent leprosy in close contacts of patients with newly diagnosed leprosy: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 88:65-72. [PMID: 31499206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of single-dose rifampicin (SDR) after bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in preventing leprosy in contacts. METHODS This was a single-centre, cluster-randomized controlled trial at a leprosy control programme in northwest Bangladesh. Participants were the 14988 contacts of 1552 new leprosy patients who were randomized into the SDR-arm (n=7379) and the SDR+arm (n=7609). In the intervention group, BCG vaccination was followed by SDR 8-12 weeks later. In the control group, BCG vaccination only was given. Follow-up was performed at 1year and 2 years after intake. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of leprosy. RESULTS The incidence rate per 10000 person-years at risk was 44 in the SDR-arm and 31 in the SDR+arm at 1year; the incidence rate was 34 in the SDR-arm and 41 in the SDR+arm at 2 years. There was a statistically non-significant (p=0.148; 42%) reduction for paucibacillary (PB) leprosy in the SDR+ arm at 1 year. Of all new cases, 33.6% appeared within 8-12 weeks after BCG vaccination. CONCLUSIONS In the first year, SDR after BCG vaccination reduced the incidence of PB leprosy among contacts by 42%. This was a statistically non-significant reduction due to the limited number of cases after SDR was administered. To what extent SDR suppresses excess leprosy cases after BCG vaccination is difficult to establish because many cases appeared before the SDR intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register: NTR3087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Richardus
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Khorshed Alam
- Rural Health Program, The Leprosy Mission International Bangladesh, Nilphamari, Bangladesh
| | - Kallyan Kundu
- Rural Health Program, The Leprosy Mission International Bangladesh, Nilphamari, Bangladesh
| | - Johan Chandra Roy
- Rural Health Program, The Leprosy Mission International Bangladesh, Nilphamari, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnuva Zafar
- Rural Health Program, The Leprosy Mission International Bangladesh, Nilphamari, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Sufian Chowdhury
- Rural Health Program, The Leprosy Mission International Bangladesh, Nilphamari, Bangladesh
| | - Daan Nieboer
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Faber
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Ruth Butlin
- Rural Health Program, The Leprosy Mission International Bangladesh, Nilphamari, Bangladesh
| | - Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hendrik Richardus
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Tripathi A, Srivastava V, Singh BN. hsa-let-7b-5p facilitates Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in THP-1 human macrophages by Fas downregulation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4875923. [PMID: 29471394 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis continues to be one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding entities that play critical role as post-transcriptional regulators and are transcriptionally deregulated upon mycobacterial infection. In this study, we found significant upregulation of hsa-let-7b-5p in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infected THP-1 human macrophages. Concomitantly, we detected the reduced level of Fas protein, one of the targets of hsa-let-7b-5p, in MTB-infected THP-1 macrophages. Using luciferase assay, a direct interaction between hsa-let-7b-5p and the Fas 3΄-untranslated region (3΄-UTR) was established. Inhibition of hsa-let-7b-5p augmented the apoptosis of THP-1 cells enabling enhanced clearance of MTB. Our findings suggest that hsa-let-7b-5p helps intracellular survival of MTB in THP-1 cells by downregulating Fas protein level. This highlights hsa-let-7b-5p as a potential therapeutic target for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bhupendra N Singh
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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15
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Dwivedi VP, Banerjee A, Das I, Saha A, Dutta M, Bhardwaj B, Biswas S, Chattopadhyay D. Diet and nutrition: An important risk factor in leprosy. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103714. [PMID: 31493502 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy, once considered as poor man's disease may cause severe neurological complications and physical disabilities. Classification of leprosy depends upon the cell mediated and humoral immune responses of the host, from tuberculoid to lepromatous stage. Current therapy to prevent the disease is not only very lengthy but also consists of expensive multiple antibiotics in combination. Treatment and the duration depend on the bacillary loads, from six months in paucibacillary to a year in multibacillary leprosy. Although as per WHO recommendations, these antibiotics are freely available but still out of reach to patients of many rural areas of the world. In this review, we have focused on the nutritional aspect during the multi-drug therapy of leprosy along with the role of nutrition, particularly malnutrition, on susceptibility of Mycobacterium leprae and development of clinical symptoms. We further discussed the diet plan for the patients and how diet plans can affect the immune responses during the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- Rafi Ahmed Dental College, Govt of West Bengal, Moulalai, Kolkata, 7600014, India
| | - Indraneel Das
- Declibac Technologies Private Limited, 24 B, Lake Road, Kolkata, 700 029, India
| | - Aparajita Saha
- Nutri-Diet Kolkata, 34A Charu Avenue, Kolkata, 700033, India
| | - Malabika Dutta
- Department of Dietetics, Kothari Medical Center, 8/3 Alipore Road, Kolkata, 700027, India
| | - Bhavya Bhardwaj
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Saptarshi Biswas
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, India; ICMR-Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, General Block 4, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India.
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16
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Della Bella C, Venturini E, Devente S, Piccini P, Tapinassi S, Bianchi L, Grassi A, Benagiano M, Alnwaisri HFM, Montagnani C, Chiappini E, Bitter W, D’Elios MM, de Martino M, Galli L. Role of Mycobacterium avium lysate INF-γ, IL-17, and IL-2 ELISPOT assays in diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacteria lymphadenitis in children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1113-1122. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Coppola M, Ottenhoff TH. Genome wide approaches discover novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens as correlates of infection, disease, immunity and targets for vaccination. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:88-101. [PMID: 30327124 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Every day approximately six thousand people die of Tuberculosis (TB). Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an ancient pathogen that through its evolution developed complex mechanisms to evade immune surveillance and acquire the ability to establish persistent infection in its hosts. Currently, it is estimated that one-fourth of the human population is latently infected with Mtb and among those infected 3-10% are at risk of developing active TB disease during their lifetime. The currently available diagnostics are not able to detect this risk group for prophylactic treatment to prevent transmission. Anti-TB drugs are available but only as long regimens with considerable side effects, which could both be reduced if adequate tests were available to monitor the response of TB to treatment. New vaccines are also urgently needed to substitute or boost Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine: although BCG prevents disseminated TB in infants, it fails to impact the incidence of pulmonary TB in adults, and therefore has little effect on TB transmission. To achieve TB eradication, the discovery of Mtb antigens that effectively correlate with the human response to infection, with the curative host response following TB treatment, and with natural as well as vaccine induced protection will be critical. Over the last decade, many new Mtb antigens have been found and proposed as TB biomarkers and vaccine candidates, but only a very small number of these is being used in commercial diagnostic tests or is being assessed as candidate TB vaccine antigens in human clinical trials, aiming to prevent infection, disease or disease recurrence following treatment. Most of these antigens were discovered decades ago, before the complete Mtb genome sequence became available, and thus did not harness the latest insights from post-genomic antigen discovery strategies and genome wide approaches. These have, for example, revealed critical phase variation in Mtb replication and accompanying gene -and therefore antigen- expression patterns. In this review, we present a brief overview of past methodologies, and subsequently focus on the most important recent Mtb antigen discovery studies which have mined the Mtb antigenome through "unbiased" genome wide approaches. We compare the results for these approaches -as far as we know for the first time-, highlight Mtb antigens that have been identified independently by different strategies and present a comprehensive overview of the Mtb antigens thus discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Coppola
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Cardona-Pemberthy V, Rendón M, Beltrán JC, Soto-Ospina A, Muñoz-Gomez A, Araque-Marín P, Corredor M, Bedoya G, Cardona-Castro N. Genetic variants, structural, and functional changes of Myelin Protein Zero and Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 protein involved in immune response and its allelic transmission in families of patients with leprosy in Colombia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 61:215-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Romagnoli A, Petruccioli E, Palucci I, Camassa S, Carata E, Petrone L, Mariano S, Sali M, Dini L, Girardi E, Delogu G, Goletti D, Fimia GM. Clinical isolates of the modern Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 evade host defense in human macrophages through eluding IL-1β-induced autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:624. [PMID: 29795378 PMCID: PMC5967325 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), has infected over 1.7 billion people worldwide and causes 1.4 million deaths annually. Recently, genome sequence analysis has allowed the reconstruction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) evolution, with the identification of seven phylogeographic lineages: four referred to as evolutionarily “ancient”, and three “modern”. The MTBC strains belonging to “modern” lineages appear to show enhanced virulence that may have warranted improved transmission in humans over ancient lineages through molecular mechanisms that remain to be fully characterized. To evaluate the impact of MTBC genetic diversity on the innate immune response, we analyzed intracellular bacterial replication, inflammatory cytokine levels, and autophagy response in human primary macrophages infected with MTBC clinical isolates belonging to the ancient lineages 1 and 5, and the modern lineage 4. We show that, when compared to ancient lineage 1 and 5, MTBC strains belonging to modern lineage 4 show a higher rate of replication, associated to a significant production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and induction of a functional autophagy process. Interestingly, we found that the increased autophagic flux observed in macrophages infected with modern MTBC is due to an autocrine activity of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, since autophagosome maturation is blocked by an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Unexpectedly, IL-1β-induced autophagy is not disadvantageous for the survival of modern Mtb strains, which reside within Rab5-positive phagosomal vesicles and avoid autophagosome engulfment. Altogether, these results suggest that autophagy triggered by inflammatory cytokines is compatible with a high rate of intracellular bacilli replication and may therefore contribute to the increased pathogenicity of the modern MTBC lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institutes for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institutes for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Serena Camassa
- Institute of Microbiology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Carata
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institutes for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Michela Sali
- Institute of Microbiology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institutes for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy.
| | - Delia Goletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institutes for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, 00149, Italy.
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institutes for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, 00149, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
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20
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Orlando V, La Manna MP, Goletti D, Palmieri F, Lo Presti E, Joosten SA, La Mendola C, Buccheri S, Ottenhoff THM, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Human CD4 T-Cells With a Naive Phenotype Produce Multiple Cytokines During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection and Correlate With Active Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1119. [PMID: 29875774 PMCID: PMC5974168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-mediated immune responses play a fundamental role in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection, and traditionally, this response is thought to be mediated by Th1-type CD4+ T-cells secreting IFN-γ. While studying the function and specificity of M. tuberculosis-reactive CD4+ T-cells in more detail at the single cell level; however, we found a human CD4+ T-cell population with a naive phenotype that interestingly was capable of producing multiple cytokines (TCNP cells). CD4+ TCNP cells phenotyped as CD95lo CD28int CD49dhi CXCR3hi and showed a broad distribution of T cell receptor Vβ segments. They rapidly secreted multiple cytokines in response to different M. tuberculosis antigens, their frequency was increased during active disease, but was comparable to latent tuberculosis infection in treated TB patients. These results identify a novel human CD4+ T-cell subset involved in the human immune response to mycobacteria, which is present in active TB patients’ blood. These results significantly expand our understanding of the immune response in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco P La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Simona Buccheri
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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21
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Goletti D, Lee MR, Wang JY, Walter N, Ottenhoff THM. Update on tuberculosis biomarkers: From correlates of risk, to correlates of active disease and of cure from disease. Respirology 2018; 23:455-466. [PMID: 29457312 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a devastating disease, yet despite its enormous toll on global health, tools to control TB are insufficient and often outdated. TB Biomarkers (TB-BM) would constitute extremely useful tools to measure infection status and predict outcome of infection, vaccination or therapy. There are several types of TB-BM: Correlate of Infection; Correlate of TB Disease; Correlate of Increased Risk of Developing Active TB Disease; Correlate of the Curative Response to Therapy; and Correlate of Protection (CoP). Most TB-BM currently studied are host-derived BM, and consist of transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, cellular markers or marker combinations ('signatures'). In particular, vaccine-inducible CoP are expected to be transformative in developing new TB vaccines as they will de-risk vaccine research and development (R&D) as well as human testing at an early stage. In addition, CoP could also help minimizing the need for preclinical studies in experimental animals. Of key importance is that TB-BM are tested and validated in different well-characterized human TB cohorts, preferably with complementary profiles and geographically diverse populations: genetic and environmental factors such as (viral) coinfections, exposure to non-tuberculous mycobacteria, nutritional status, metabolic status, age (infants vs children vs adolescents vs adults) and other factors impact host immune set points and host responses across different populations. In this study, we review the most recent advances in research into TB-BM for the diagnosis of active TB, risk of TB development and treatment-induced TB cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Meng-Rui Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Yuan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nicholas Walter
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Korbee CJ, Heemskerk MT, Kocev D, van Strijen E, Rabiee O, Franken KLMC, Wilson L, Savage NDL, Džeroski S, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM. Combined chemical genetics and data-driven bioinformatics approach identifies receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as host-directed antimicrobials. Nat Commun 2018; 9:358. [PMID: 29367740 PMCID: PMC5783939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses rapidly increasing global problems in combatting multidrug-resistant (MDR) infectious diseases like MDR tuberculosis, prompting for novel approaches including host-directed therapies (HDT). Intracellular pathogens like Salmonellae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exploit host pathways to survive. Only very few HDT compounds targeting host pathways are currently known. In a library of pharmacologically active compounds (LOPAC)-based drug-repurposing screen, we identify multiple compounds, which target receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and inhibit intracellular Mtb and Salmonellae more potently than currently known HDT compounds. By developing a data-driven in silico model based on confirmed targets from public databases, we successfully predict additional efficacious HDT compounds. These compounds target host RTK signaling and inhibit intracellular (MDR) Mtb. A complementary human kinome siRNA screen independently confirms the role of RTK signaling and kinases (BLK, ABL1, and NTRK1) in host control of Mtb. These approaches validate RTK signaling as a drugable host pathway for HDT against intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J Korbee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias T Heemskerk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Dragi Kocev
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Elisabeth van Strijen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Omid Rabiee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Kees L M C Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel D L Savage
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Sašo Džeroski
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
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23
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Lee JS, Yilmaz Ö. Unfolding Role of a Danger Molecule Adenosine Signaling in Modulation of Microbial Infection and Host Cell Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E199. [PMID: 29315226 PMCID: PMC5796148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, specific nucleotide metabolizing enzymes located on the surface of the host, can convert a pro-inflammatory environment driven by a danger molecule extracellular-ATP to an adenosine-mediated anti-inflammatory milieu. Accordingly, CD39/CD73 signaling have has strongly implicated in modulating the intensity, duration, and composition of purinergic danger signals delivered to host. Recent studies have eluted potential roles for CD39 and CD73 in selective triggering of a variety of host immune cells and molecules in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or microbial virulence molecules. Growing evidence also suggests that CD39 and CD73 present complimentary, but likely differential, actions against pathogens to shape the course and severity of microbial infection as well as the associated immune response. Similarly, adenosine receptors A2A and A2B have been proposed to be major immunomodulators of adenosine signaling during chronic inflammatory conditions induced by opportunistic pathogens, such as oral colonizer Porphyromonas gingivalis. Therefore, we here review the recent studies that demonstrate how complex network of molecules in the extracellular adenosine signaling machinery and their interactions can reshape immune responses and may also be targeted by opportunistic pathogens to establish successful colonization in human mucosal tissues and modulate the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaden S Lee
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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24
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Khademi F, Derakhshan M, Yousefi-Avarvand A, Tafaghodi M, Soleimanpour S. Multi-stage subunit vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an alternative to the BCG vaccine or a BCG-prime boost? Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 17:31-44. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1406309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Khademi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Derakhshan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arshid Yousefi-Avarvand
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tafaghodi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Sadek SH, Farghaly S, Abdou MAA, Abdel-Rahim MHM. Bedside inflammatory mediators in pulmonary tuberculosis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/1687-8426.211402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Mancha-Agresti P, de Castro CP, Dos Santos JSC, Araujo MA, Pereira VB, LeBlanc JG, Leclercq SY, Azevedo V. Recombinant Invasive Lactococcus lactis Carrying a DNA Vaccine Coding the Ag85A Antigen Increases INF-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α Cytokines after Intranasal Immunization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1263. [PMID: 28744263 PMCID: PMC5504179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat throughout the world and in 2015 it caused the death of 1.4 million people. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is the only existing vaccine against this ancient disease; however, it does not provide complete protection in adults. New vaccines against TB are eminently a global priority. The use of bacteria as vehicles for delivery of vaccine plasmids is a promising vaccination strategy. In this study, we evaluated the use of, an engineered invasive Lactococcus lactis (expressing Fibronectin-Binding Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus) for the delivery of DNA plasmid to host cells, especially to the mucosal site as a new DNA vaccine against tuberculosis. One of the major antigens documented that offers protective responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the Ag85A. L. lactis FnBPA+ (pValac:Ag85A) which was obtained and used for intranasal immunization of C57BL/6 mice and the immune response profile was evaluated. In this study we observed that this strain was able to produce significant increases in the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the stimulated spleen cell supernatants, showing a systemic T helper 1 (Th1) cell response. Antibody production (IgG and sIgA anti-Ag85A) was also significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage, as well as in the serum of mice. In summary, these findings open new perspectives in the area of mucosal DNA vaccine, against specific pathogens using a Lactic Acid Bacteria such as L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Prosperi de Castro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Janete S C Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maíra A Araujo
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean G LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasSan Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sophie Y Leclercq
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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27
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Zhan L, Tang J, Sun M, Qin C. Animal Models for Tuberculosis in Translational and Precision Medicine. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:717. [PMID: 28522990 PMCID: PMC5415616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a health threat to the global population. Anti-TB drugs and vaccines are key approaches for TB prevention and control. TB animal models are basic tools for developing biomarkers of diagnosis, drugs for therapy, vaccines for prevention and researching pathogenic mechanisms for identification of targets; thus, they serve as the cornerstone of comparative medicine, translational medicine, and precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the current use of TB animal models and their problems, as well as offering perspectives on the future of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of HealthBeijing, China.,Institution of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging InfectiousBeijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of HealthBeijing, China.,Institution of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging InfectiousBeijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of HealthBeijing, China.,Institution of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging InfectiousBeijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of HealthBeijing, China.,Institution of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging InfectiousBeijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
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28
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Saini C, Tarique M, Rai R, Siddiqui A, Khanna N, Sharma A. T helper cells in leprosy: An update. Immunol Lett 2017; 184:61-66. [PMID: 28235552 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy is an ancient disease caused by gram positive, rod shaped bacilli called Mycobacterium leprae. Patients present with varied clinico-pathological disease depending on the host immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Thus tuberculoid (TT) and lepromatous (LL) patients represent two ends of a spectrum where the former shows limited disease, high T cell mediate immune (CMI) response and low antibody (HI) levels in serum. In contrast the latter has low T cell and high humoral immune response i.e antibody levels. The mechanisms underlying these differences have been investigated intensely; however, there is no consensus on the primary immunological basis. Over three decades, Th1 and Th2 paradigm were thought to underling tuberculoid and lepromatous disease respectively. However many patients were shown to have mixed Th1/Th2 pattern of (IFN-γ/IL-4) cytokines. The present review was undertaken with a view to understand the T cells and cytokine dysregulation in leprosy. In recent years the sub classes of T cells that are Regulatory in nature (Treg) have been implicated in immune diseases where they were shown to suppress T cell functions. Additionally Th17 cells secreting IL-17A, IL17F, were implicated in immune inflammation. Taken together these regulatory cells may play a part in influencing immune responses in leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaman Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Mohd Tarique
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Reeta Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Neena Khanna
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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29
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Jenum S, Bakken R, Dhanasekaran S, Mukherjee A, Lodha R, Singh S, Singh V, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Kabra SK, Doherty TM, Ritz C, Grewal HMS. BLR1 and FCGR1A transcripts in peripheral blood associate with the extent of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children and predict treatment outcome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38841. [PMID: 27941850 PMCID: PMC5150239 DOI: 10.1038/srep38841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers reflecting the extent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced pathology and normalization during anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) would considerably facilitate trials of new treatment regimens and the identification of patients with treatment failure. Therefore, in a cohort of 99 Indian children with intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB), we performed blood transcriptome kinetic analysis during ATT to explore 1) the association between transcriptional biomarkers in whole blood (WB) and the extent of TB disease at diagnosis and treatment outcomes at 2 and 6 months, and 2) the potential of the biomarkers to predict treatment response at 2 and 6 months. We present the first data on the association between transcriptional biomarkers and the extent of TB disease as well as outcome of ATT in children: Expression of three genes down-regulated on ATT (FCGR1A, FPR1 and MMP9) exhibited a positive correlation with the extent of TB disease, whereas expression of eight up-regulated genes (BCL, BLR1, CASP8, CD3E, CD4, CD19, IL7R and TGFBR2) exhibited a negative correlation with the extent of disease. Baseline levels of these transcripts displayed an individual capacity >70% to predict the six-month treatment outcome. In particular, BLR1 and FCGR1A seem to have a potential in monitoring and perhaps tailoring future antituberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne Jenum
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Bakken
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aparna Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarman Singh
- Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Marielle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases Group, Immunology and Immunogenetics of Bacterial Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherland
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases Group, Immunology and Immunogenetics of Bacterial Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherland
| | - S. K. Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harleen M. S. Grewal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland university hospital, University of Bergen, N-5021, Norway
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30
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Kim JK, Kim TS, Basu J, Jo EK. MicroRNA in innate immunity and autophagy during mycobacterial infection. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27794209 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fine-tuning of innate immune responses is an important aspect of host defenses against mycobacteria. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, play essential roles in regulating multiple biological pathways including innate host defenses against various infections. Accumulating evidence shows that many miRNAs regulate the complex interplay between mycobacterial survival strategies and host innate immune pathways. Recent studies have contributed to understanding the role of miRNAs, the levels of which can be modulated by mycobacterial infection, in tuning host autophagy to control bacterial survival and innate effector function. Despite considerable efforts devoted to miRNA profiling over the past decade, further work is needed to improve the selection of appropriate biomarkers for tuberculosis. Understanding the roles and mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating innate immune signaling and autophagy may provide insights into new therapeutic modalities for host-directed anti-mycobacterial therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the recent literature regarding miRNA profiling in tuberculosis and the roles of miRNAs in modulating innate immune responses and autophagy defenses against mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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31
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Coppola M, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KLMC, Commandeur S, Dolganov G, Kramnik I, Schoolnik GK, Comas I, Lund O, Prins C, van den Eeden SJF, Korsvold GE, Oftung F, Geluk A, Ottenhoff THM. New Genome-Wide Algorithm Identifies Novel In-Vivo Expressed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antigens Inducing Human T-Cell Responses with Classical and Unconventional Cytokine Profiles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37793. [PMID: 27892960 PMCID: PMC5125271 DOI: 10.1038/srep37793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies are needed to develop better tools to control TB, including identification of novel antigens for vaccination. Such Mtb antigens must be expressed during Mtb infection in the major target organ, the lung, and must be capable of eliciting human immune responses. Using genome-wide transcriptomics of Mtb infected lungs we developed data sets and methods to identify IVE-TB (in-vivo expressed Mtb) antigens expressed in the lung. Quantitative expression analysis of 2,068 Mtb genes from the predicted first operons identified the most upregulated IVE-TB genes during in-vivo pulmonary infection. By further analysing high-level conservation among whole-genome sequenced Mtb-complex strains (n = 219) and algorithms predicting HLA-class-Ia and II presented epitopes, we selected the most promising IVE-TB candidate antigens. Several of these were recognized by T-cells from in-vitro Mtb-PPD and ESAT6/CFP10-positive donors by proliferation and multi-cytokine production. This was validated in an independent cohort of latently Mtb-infected individuals. Significant T-cell responses were observed in the absence of IFN-γ-production. Collectively, the results underscore the power of our novel antigen discovery approach in identifying Mtb antigens, including those that induce unconventional T-cell responses, which may provide important novel tools for TB vaccination and biomarker profiling. Our generic approach is applicable to other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Coppola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kees L M C Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susanna Commandeur
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Dolganov
- Department Microbiology Immunology, Stanford Univ. School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Igor Kramnik
- Department Immunology Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Gary K Schoolnik
- Department Microbiology Immunology, Stanford Univ. School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Inaki Comas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ole Lund
- Dept. Systems Biology, Technical Univ., Denmark
| | - Corine Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susan J F van den Eeden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gro E Korsvold
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Oftung
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Liu SD, Zhang SM, Wang H, He JC, Yang XF, Du XL, Ma L. Identification of HLA-DRB1*09:01-restrictedMycobacterium tuberculosisCD4+T-cell epitopes. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4541-4549. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Dong Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shi-Meng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jian-Chun He
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xia-Lin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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33
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Tonby K, Wergeland I, Lieske NV, Kvale D, Tasken K, Dyrhol-Riise AM. The COX- inhibitor indomethacin reduces Th1 effector and T regulatory cells in vitro in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:599. [PMID: 27776487 PMCID: PMC5078976 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) causes a major burden on global health with long and cumbersome TB treatment regimens. Host-directed immune modulating therapies have been suggested as adjunctive treatment to TB antibiotics. Upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling pathway may cause a dysfunctional immune response that favors survival and replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). METHODS Blood samples were obtained from patients with latent TB (n = 9) and active TB (n = 33) before initiation of anti-TB chemotherapy. COX-2 expression in monocytes and ESAT-6 and Ag85 specific T cell cytokine responses (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2), proliferation (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining) and regulation (FOXP3+ T regulatory cells) were analysed by flow cytometry and the in vitro effects of the COX-1/2 inhibitor indomethacin were measured. RESULTS We demonstrate that indomethacin significantly down-regulates the fraction of Mtb specific FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (ESAT-6; p = 0.004 and Ag85; p < 0.001) with a concomitant reduction of Mtb specific cytokine responses and T cell proliferation in active TB. Although active TB tend to have higher levels, there are no significant differences in COX-2 expression between unstimulated monocytes from patients with active TB compared to latent infection. Monocytes in both TB groups respond with a significant upregulation of COX-2 after in vitro stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our in vitro data indicate a modulation of the Th1 effector and T regulatory cells in Mtb infection in response to the COX-1/2 inhibitor indomethacin. The potential role as adjunctive host-directed therapy in TB disease should be further evaluated in both animal studies and in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Tonby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ida Wergeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nora V Lieske
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Kvale
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Tasken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne M Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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34
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Awoniyi DO, Teuchert A, Sutherland JS, Mayanja-Kizza H, Howe R, Mihret A, Loxton AG, Sheehama J, Kassa D, Crampin AC, Dockrell HM, Kidd M, Rosenkrands I, Geluk A, Ottenhoff THM, Corstjens PLAM, Chegou NN, Walzl G. Evaluation of cytokine responses against novel Mtb antigens as diagnostic markers for TB disease. J Infect 2016; 73:219-30. [PMID: 27311746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the accuracy of host markers detected in Mtb antigen-stimulated whole blood culture supernatant in the diagnosis of TB. METHODS Prospectively, blood from 322 individuals with presumed TB disease from six African sites was stimulated with four different Mtb antigens (Rv0081, Rv1284, ESAT-6/CFP-10, and Rv2034) in a 24 h whole blood stimulation assay (WBA). The concentrations of 42 host markers in the supernatants were measured using the Luminex multiplex platform. Diagnostic biosignatures were investigated through the use of multivariate analysis techniques. RESULTS 17% of the participants were HIV infected, 106 had active TB disease and in 216 TB was excluded. Unstimulated concentrations of CRP, SAA, ferritin and IP-10 had better discriminating ability than markers from stimulated samples. Accuracy of marker combinations by general discriminant analysis (GDA) identified a six analyte model with 77% accuracy for TB cases and 84% for non TB cases, with a better performance in HIV uninfected patients. CONCLUSIONS A biosignature of 6 cytokines obtained after stimulation with four Mtb antigens has moderate potential as a diagnostic tool for pulmonary TB disease individuals and stimulated marker expression had no added value to unstimulated marker performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolapo O Awoniyi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrea Teuchert
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andre G Loxton
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacob Sheehama
- University of Namibia, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Namibia
| | - Desta Kassa
- Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Amelia C Crampin
- Karonga Prevention Study, Chilumba, Malawi; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Martin Kidd
- Centre for Statistical Analysis, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | | | - Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P L A M Corstjens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Novel N Chegou
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
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35
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Helminth-Tuberculosis Co-infection: An Immunologic Perspective. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:597-607. [PMID: 27501916 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over 2 billion people worldwide are infected with helminths (worms). Similarly, infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) occurs in over a third of the world's population, often with a great degree of geographical overlap with helminth infection. Interestingly, the responses induced by the extracellular helminths and those induced by the intracellular Mtb are often mutually antagonistic and, as a consequence, can result in impaired (or cross-regulated) host responses to either of the infecting pathogens. In this review, we outline the nature of the immune responses induced by infections with helminths and tuberculosis (TB) and then provide data from both experimental models and human studies that illustrate how the immune response engendered by helminth parasites modulates Mtb-specific responses in helminth-TB coinfection.
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36
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Evaluation of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17 and IP-10 as potent discriminative markers for active tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis suspects. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 99:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Goletti D, Petruccioli E, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM. Tuberculosis Biomarkers: From Diagnosis to Protection. Infect Dis Rep 2016; 8:6568. [PMID: 27403267 PMCID: PMC4927936 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2016.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches to control tuberculosis (TB) worldwide are needed. In particular, new tools for diagnosis and new biomarkers are required to evaluate both pathogen and host key elements of the response to infection. Non-sputum based diagnostic tests, biomarkers predictive of adequate responsiveness to treatment, and biomarkers of risk of developing active TB disease are major goals. Here, we review the current state of the field. Although reports on new candidate biomarkers are numerous, validation and independent confirmation are rare. Efforts are needed to reduce the gap between the exploratory up-stream identification of candidate biomarkers, and the validation of biomarkers against clear clinical endpoints in different populations. This will need a major commitment from both scientists and funding bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L. Spallanzani , Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L. Spallanzani , Rome, Italy
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre , The Netherlands
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Benard EL, Rougeot J, Racz PI, Spaink HP, Meijer AH. Transcriptomic Approaches in the Zebrafish Model for Tuberculosis-Insights Into Host- and Pathogen-specific Determinants of the Innate Immune Response. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2016; 95:217-51. [PMID: 27503359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum infection in zebrafish has become a well-established model of tuberculosis. Both embryonic and adult zebrafish infection studies have contributed to our knowledge of the development and function of tuberculous granulomas, which are typical of mycobacterial pathogenesis. In this review we discuss how transcriptome profiling studies have helped to characterize this infection process. We illustrate this using new RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data that reveals three main phases in the host response to M. marinum during the early stages of granuloma development in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The early phase shows induction of complement and transcription factors, followed by a relatively minor induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines within hours following phagocytosis of M. marinum. A minimal response is observed in the mid-phase, between 6 hours and 1day post infection, when the tissue dissemination of M. marinum begins. During subsequent larval development the granulomas expand and a late-phase response is apparent, which is characterized by progressively increasing induction of complement, transcription factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and other defense and inflammation-related gene groups. This late-phase response shares common components with the strong and acute host transcriptome response that has previously been reported for Salmonella typhimurium infection in zebrafish embryos. In contrast, the early/mid-phase response to M. marinum infection, characterized by suppressed pro-inflammatory signaling, is strikingly different from the acute response to S. typhimurium infection. Furthermore, M. marinum infection shows a collective and strongly fluctuating regulation of lipoproteins, while S. typhimurium infection has pronounced effects on amino acid metabolism and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Benard
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Rougeot
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P I Racz
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A H Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Graves AJ, Hokey DA. Tuberculosis vaccine development: Shifting focus amid increasing development challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1910-6. [PMID: 26125249 PMCID: PMC4635864 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new tuberculosis vaccine is needed to replace or enhance BCG, which induces variable protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary infections in adults. Development of new TB vaccine candidates is severely hampered by the lack of a correlate of immunity, unproven animal models, and limited funding opportunities. One candidate, MVA85A, recently failed to meet its efficacy endpoint goals despite promising early-phase trial data. As a result, some in the field believe we should now shift our focus away from product development and toward a research-oriented approach. Here, we outline our suggestions for this research-oriented strategy including diversification of the candidate pipeline, expanding measurements of immunity, improving pre-clinical animal models, and investing in combination pre-clinical/experimental medicine studies. As with any evolution, this change in strategy comes at a cost but may also represent an opportunity for advancing the field.
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40
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Gu D, Chen W, Mi Y, Gong X, Luo T, Bao L. The Mycobacterium bovis BCG prime-Rv0577 DNA boost vaccination induces a durable Th1 immune response in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:385-90. [PMID: 26922320 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and effective vaccines are urgently needed. In this study, we used the combined DNA- and protein-based vaccines of immunodominant antigen Rv0577 to boost BCG and evaluated their immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Our data suggest that the booster vaccine may substantially enhance the immunogenicity of BCG and strengthen both CD4+ T cell-mediated Th1 and CD8+ T cell-mediated cytolytic responses. Compared with the protein-based vaccine, the DNA-based vaccine can induce more durable Th1 immune response, characterized by high levels of antibody response, proliferation response, percentages of CD4+/CD8+ and cytokine secretion in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. In conclusion, we for the first time, developed a protein- and plasmid DNA-based booster vaccine based on Rv0577. Our findings suggest that antigen Rv0577-based DNA vaccine is immunogenic and can efficiently boost BCG, which could be helpful in the design of an efficient vaccination strategy against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Gu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youjun Mi
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueli Gong
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Bao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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41
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Intrinsic features of the CD8α− dendritic cell subset in inducing functional T follicular helper cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 172:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are pivotal in regulating gene expression during cellular response to extracellular stimuli. Bacterial infections have a profound effect on the host epigenome, which triggers susceptibility to diseases. Recent studies suggest that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can alter the host epigenome to modulate the transcriptional machinery and plays a major role in immunomodulation of the host immune response. However, the mechanism of epigenetic alterations during Mtb infection has not yet been fully understood. Thus, Mtb-induced epigenetic changes may affect the host cell by either activation or suppression of key immune genes involved in immune response or pathogen persistence. In this review, we discuss the principles of epigenetics, recent advances in Mtb-induced alterations in the host epigenetic landscape and their role in the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthai Kathirvel
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry-605 006, India
| | - Subramanian Mahadevan
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry-605 006, India
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Scollard DM, Dacso MM, Abad-Venida ML. Tuberculosis and Leprosy: Classical Granulomatous Diseases in the Twenty-First Century. Dermatol Clin 2016; 33:541-62. [PMID: 26143431 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy and tuberculosis are chronic mycobacterial infections that elicit granulomatous inflammation. Both infections are curable, but granulomatous injury to cutaneous structures, including cutaneous nerves in leprosy, may cause permanent damage. Both diseases are major global concerns: tuberculosis for its high prevalence and mortality, and leprosy for its persistent global presence and high rate of neuropathic disability. Cutaneous manifestations of both leprosy and tuberculosis are frequently subtle and challenging in dermatologic practice and often require a careful travel and social history and a high index of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Scollard
- National Hansen's Disease Programs, 1770 Physician Park Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70816, USA.
| | - Mara M Dacso
- Center for Dermatology and Cosmetic Laser Surgery, 5026 Tennyson Parkway, Plano, TX 75024, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9069, USA
| | - Ma Luisa Abad-Venida
- Department of Dermatology, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Rizal Avenue, Manila 1008, Philippines
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Adenylate kinase: a novel antigen for immunodiagnosis and subunit vaccine against tuberculosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:823-34. [PMID: 26903285 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)-derived antigens capable of inducing strong cellular and/or humoral responses are potential targets for both immunodiagnosis and vaccine development against tuberculosis (TB). In the present study, we identified adenylate kinase (ADK, Rv0733) as an antigen that induces high cellular and antibody responses in active TB patients. We consequently tested the use of ADK-specific T cells and antibodies as biomarkers for TB diagnosis. The ADK-specific IFN-γ-producing cells detected by ELISPOT assay showed a sensitivity of 85.0 % and specificity of 94.15 % for TB diagnosis while ADK-specific IgG antibody showed a sensitivity of 40.35 % and specificity of 96.43 %. Combining ADK-specific cellular and antibody responses increased the sensitivity to 91.59 % and the specificity to 96.15 %. Immunogenicity and protection against M.tb infection were further tested in a murine model. Immunization with ADK protein elicited strong specific T- and B-cell responses, and provided protection against the virulent H37Rv stain of M.tb resulting in lower bacilli load in the spleens and lungs. More ADK-specific polyfunctional Th1 cells were observed in the lungs when compared to adjuvant-immunized mice. ADK thus may serve as a novel M.tb antigen for TB immunodiagnosis and development of subunit vaccines. KEY MESSAGES ADK induces strong immune responses both in humans and mice. ADK-specific IFN-γ production and B-cell responses have high potential for TB diagnosis. ADK immunization provides protection against M.tb infection.
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Boer MC, van Meijgaarden KE, Goletti D, Vanini V, Prins C, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. KLRG1 and PD-1 expression are increased on T-cells following tuberculosis-treatment and identify cells with different proliferative capacities in BCG-vaccinated adults. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 97:163-71. [PMID: 26750180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer and chronic infectious diseases, immune checkpoint-blockade of inhibitory receptors can enhance T-cell immunity. In tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease, prolonged antigen exposure can potentially drive terminal T-cell differentiation towards functional 'exhaustion': in human TB T-cells express PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4). However, in murine TB not PD-1 but rather killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily-G1 (KLRG1) was a superior indicator of terminal T-cell differentiation. We therefore compared expression of KLRG1, PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T-cells in different stages of human TB, and also analysed their induction following BCG-vaccination. KLRG1, PD-1 and CTLA-4-expression were highest on in vitro BCG-stimulated CD4(+) T-cells following recent TB-treatment; KLRG1 and PD-1-expression on CD4(+) T-cells in active--but not latent--TB were only slightly increased compared to healthy donors. BCG-vaccination induced KLRG1-expression on BCG-stimulated CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T-cells, while neither PD-1 nor CTLA-4-expression increased. KLRG1-expressing CD8(+) T-cells exhibited markedly decreased proliferation, whereas PD-1(+) T-cells proliferated after in vitro BCG-stimulation. Thus, we demonstrate the presence of increased KLRG1-expressing T-cells in TB-treated individuals, and present KLRG1 as a marker of decreased human T-cell proliferation following BCG-vaccination. These results expand our understanding of cell-mediated immune control of mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi C Boer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Krista E van Meijgaarden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Delia Goletti
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Corine Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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46
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Differential effect of DJ-1/PARK7 on development of natural and induced regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17723. [PMID: 26634899 PMCID: PMC4669505 DOI: 10.1038/srep17723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining an effective immune tolerance and a homeostatic balance of various other immune cells. To manipulate the immune response during infections and autoimmune disorders, it is essential to know which genes or key molecules are involved in the development of Tregs. Transcription factor Foxp3 is required for the development of Tregs and governs most of the suppressive functions of these cells. Inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling is critical for Foxp3 stability. Previous studies have suggested that DJ-1 or PARK7 protein is a positive regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by negatively regulating the activity of PTEN. Thus, we hypothesised that a lack of DJ-1 could promote the development of Tregs. As a result, loss of DJ-1 decreased the total CD4(+) T cell numbers but increased the fraction of thymic and peripheral nTregs. In contrast, Foxp3 generation was not augmented following differentiation of DJ-1-deficient naïve CD4(+) T cells. DJ-1-deficient-iTregs were imperfect in replication, proliferation and more prone to cell death. Furthermore, DJ-1 deficient iTregs were less sensitive to pSmad2 and pStat5 signalling but had activated AKT/mTOR signalling. These observations reveal an unexpected differential role of DJ-1 in the development of nTregs and iTregs.
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47
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Mattos AMM, Chaves AS, Franken KLMC, Figueiredo BBM, Ferreira AP, Ottenhoff THM, Teixeira HC. Detection of IgG1 antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis DosR and Rpf antigens in tuberculosis patients before and after chemotherapy. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 96:65-70. [PMID: 26786656 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging. Serum IgG1 antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis active growth phase antigens (ESAT-6/CFP-10, Rv0717 and Rv3353), DosR regulon-encoded proteins (Rv1733, Rv1737, Rv2628 and Rv2029), and resuscitation-promoting factors (Rv0867 and Rv2389) were evaluated in TB patients using ELISA. Active TB patients showed elevated levels of IgG1 antibodies against ESAT-6/CFP-10, Rv0717, Rv3353, Rv1733, Rv2628, Rv2029 and Rv0867 in comparison to healthy controls (p < 0.001). These levels remained high after the initiation of treatment, while responses to Rv0717 and Rv1733 peaked early during treatment. IgG1 responses to ESAT-6/CFP-10, Rv3353, Rv2628, Rv2029 and Rv0867 declined to control levels after the completion of 6 months chemotherapy. ROC analysis confirmed the good diagnostic performance of Rv0717, Rv1733, Rv3353, Rv2628, Rv2029 and Rv0867antigens. These data suggest that detecting IgG1 antibodies against M. tuberculosis antigens, including DosR and Rpf proteins, may represent an additional tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Márcia Menezes Mattos
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Silva Chaves
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kees L M C Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bárbara Bruna Muniz Figueiredo
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Henrique Couto Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Zenk SF, Vollmer M, Schercher E, Kallert S, Kubis J, Stenger S. Hypoxia promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific up-regulation of granulysin in human T cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 205:219-29. [PMID: 26613797 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen tension affects local immune responses in inflammation and infection. In tuberculosis mycobacteria avoid hypoxic areas and preferentially persist and reactivate in the oxygen-rich apex of the lung. Oxygen restriction activates antimicrobial effector mechanisms in macrophages and restricts growth of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb). The effect of oxygen restriction on T cell-mediated antimicrobial effector mechanisms is unknown. Therefore we determined the influence of hypoxia on the expression of granulysin, an antimicrobial peptide of lymphocytes. Hypoxia increased the antigen-specific up-regulation of granulysin mRNA and protein in human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. This observation was functionally relevant, because oxygen restriction supported the growth-limiting effect of antigen-specific T cells against virulent M.Tb residing in primary human macrophages. Our results provide evidence that oxygen restriction promotes the expression of granulysin and suggest that this effect-in conjunction with additional T cell-mediated immune responses-supports protection against mycobacteria. The therapeutic modulation of oxygen availability may offer a new strategy for the host-directed therapy of infectious diseases with intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Zenk
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Vollmer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Esra Schercher
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kallert
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kubis
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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49
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Escalante P, Peikert T, Van Keulen VP, Erskine CL, Bornhorst CL, Andrist BR, McCoy K, Pease LR, Abraham RS, Knutson KL, Kita H, Schrum AG, Limper AH. Combinatorial Immunoprofiling in Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Toward Better Risk Stratification. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:605-17. [PMID: 26030344 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201412-2141oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Most immunocompetent patients diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) will not progress to tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. However, current diagnostic tools cannot reliably distinguish nonprogressing from progressing patients a priori, and thus LTBI therapy must be prescribed with suboptimal patient specificity. We hypothesized that LTBI diagnostics could be improved by generating immunomarker profiles capable of categorizing distinct patient subsets by a combinatorial immunoassay approach. OBJECTIVES A combinatorial immunoassay analysis was applied to identify potential immunomarker combinations that distinguish among unexposed subjects, untreated patients with LTBI, and treated patients with LTBI and to differentiate risk of reactivation. METHODS IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) was combined with a flow cytometric assay that detects induction of CD25(+)CD134(+) coexpression on TB antigen-stimulated T cells from peripheral blood. The combinatorial immunoassay analysis was based on receiver operating characteristic curves, technical cut-offs, 95% bivariate normal density ellipse prediction, and statistical analysis. Risk of reactivation was estimated with a prediction formula. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sixty-five out of 150 subjects were included. The combinatorial immunoassay approach identified at least four different T-cell subsets. The representation of these immune phenotypes was more heterogeneous in untreated patients with LTBI than in treated patients with LTBI or unexposed groups. Patients with IGRA(+) CD4(+)CD25(+)CD134(+) T-cell phenotypes had the highest estimated reactivation risk (4.11 ± 2.11%). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that immune phenotypes defined by combinatorial assays may potentially have a role in identifying those at risk of developing TB; this potential role is supported by risk of reactivation modeling. Prospective studies will be needed to test this novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Escalante
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2 Public Health Department, Olmsted County Tuberculosis Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and.,3 Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tobias Peikert
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,4 Department of Immunology, and
| | | | | | - Cathy L Bornhorst
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Boleyn R Andrist
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kevin McCoy
- 2 Public Health Department, Olmsted County Tuberculosis Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and.,3 Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Roshini S Abraham
- 5 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Andrew H Limper
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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50
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Achkar JM, Chan J, Casadevall A. B cells and antibodies in the defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:167-81. [PMID: 25703559 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Better understanding of the immunological components and their interactions necessary to prevent or control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans is critical for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development strategies. Although the contributory role of humoral immunity in the protection against Mtb infection and disease is less defined than the role of T cells, it has been well-established for many other intracellular pathogens. Here we update and discuss the increasing evidence and the mechanisms of B cells and antibodies in the defense against Mtb infection. We posit that B cells and antibodies have a variety of potential protective roles at each stage of Mtb infection and postulate that such roles should be considered in the development strategies for TB vaccines and other immune-based interventions.
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