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Ahmed MR, Zheng C, Dunning JL, Ahmed MS, Ge C, Pair FS, Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV. Arrestin-3-assisted activation of JNK3 mediates dopaminergic behavioral sensitization. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101623. [PMID: 38936368 PMCID: PMC11293330 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In rodents with unilateral ablation of neurons supplying dopamine to the striatum, chronic treatment with the dopamine precursor L-DOPA induces a progressive increase of behavioral responses, a process known as behavioral sensitization. This sensitization is blunted in arrestin-3 knockout mice. Using virus-mediated gene delivery to the dopamine-depleted striatum of these mice, we find that the restoration of arrestin-3 fully rescues behavioral sensitization, whereas its mutant defective in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation does not. A 25-residue arrestin-3-derived peptide that facilitates JNK3 activation in cells, expressed ubiquitously or selectively in direct pathway striatal neurons, also fully rescues sensitization, whereas an inactive homologous arrestin-2-derived peptide does not. Behavioral rescue is accompanied by the restoration of JNK3 activity, as reflected by JNK-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun in the dopamine-depleted striatum. Thus, arrestin-3-assisted JNK3 activation in direct pathway neurons is a critical element of the molecular mechanism underlying sensitization upon dopamine depletion and chronic L-DOPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, PRB422, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; The University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 121, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, PRB422, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dunning
- Contet Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, PRB422, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Connie Ge
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - F Sanders Pair
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 121, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, PRB422, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, PRB422, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Caragea VM, Méndez-Couz M, Manahan-Vaughan D. Dopamine receptors of the rodent fastigial nucleus support skilled reaching for goal-directed action. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:609-637. [PMID: 37615757 PMCID: PMC10978667 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The dopaminergic (DA) system regulates both motor function, and learning and memory. The cerebellum supports motor control and the acquisition of procedural memories, including goal-directed behavior, and is subjected to DA control. Its fastigial nucleus (FN) controls and interprets body motion through space. The expression of dopamine receptors has been reported in the deep cerebellar nuclei of mice. However, the presence of dopamine D1-like (D1R) and D2-like (D2R) receptors in the rat FN has not yet been verified. In this study, we first confirmed that DA receptors are expressed in the FN of adult rats and then targeted these receptors to explore to what extent the FN modulates goal-directed behavior. Immunohistochemical assessment revealed expression of both D1R and D2R receptors in the FN, whereby the medial lateral FN exhibited higher receptor expression compared to the other FN subfields. Bilateral treatment of the FN with a D1R antagonist, prior to a goal-directed pellet-reaching task, significantly impaired task acquisition and decreased task engagement. D2R antagonism only reduced late performance post-acquisition. Once task acquisition had occurred, D1R antagonism had no effect on successful reaching, although it significantly decreased reaching speed, task engagement, and promoted errors. Motor coordination and ambulation were, however, unaffected as neither D1R nor D2R antagonism altered rotarod latencies or distance and velocity in an open field. Taken together, these results not only reveal a novel role for the FN in goal-directed skilled reaching, but also show that D1R expressed in FN regulate this process by modulating motivation for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta-Maria Caragea
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 4/150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marta Méndez-Couz
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 4/150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 4/150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Elewa YHA, AL‐Farga A, Aqlan F, Zahran MH, Batiha GE. Sleep disorders cause Parkinson's disease or the reverse is true: Good GABA good night. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14521. [PMID: 38491789 PMCID: PMC10943276 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) presented with motor and non-motor symptoms. PD symptoms are developed in response to the disturbance of diverse neurotransmitters including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA has a neuroprotective effect against PD neuropathology by protecting DNs in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). It has been shown that the degeneration of GABAergic neurons is linked with the degeneration of DNs and the progression of motor and non-motor PD symptoms. GABA neurotransmission is a necessary pathway for normal sleep patterns, thus deregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in PD could be the potential cause of sleep disorders in PD. AIM Sleep disorders affect GABA neurotransmission leading to memory and cognitive dysfunction in PD. For example, insomnia and short sleep duration are associated with a reduction of brain GABA levels. Moreover, PD-related disorders including rigidity and nocturia influence sleep patterns leading to fragmented sleep which may also affect PD neuropathology. However, the mechanistic role of GABA in PD neuropathology regarding motor and non-motor symptoms is not fully elucidated. Therefore, this narrative review aims to clarify the mechanistic role of GABA in PD neuropathology mainly in sleep disorders, and how good GABA improves PD. In addition, this review of published articles tries to elucidate how sleep disorders such as insomnia and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affect PD neuropathology and severity. The present review has many limitations including the paucity of prospective studies and most findings are taken from observational and preclinical studies. GABA involvement in the pathogenesis of PD has been recently discussed by recent studies. Therefore, future prospective studies regarding the use of GABA agonists in the management of PD are suggested to observe their distinct effects on motor and non-motor symptoms. CONCLUSION There is a bidirectional relationship between the pathogenesis of PD and sleep disorders which might be due to GABA deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineAl‐Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineAl‐Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali K. Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineAl‐Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ammar AL‐Farga
- Biochemistry Department, College of SciencesUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudia Arbia
| | - Faisal Aqlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesIbb UniversityIbb GovernorateYemen
| | | | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhur UniversityDamanhurEgypt
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Chen YH, Kuo TT, Wang V, Cheng PW, Huang EYK, Ma KH, Greig NH, Olson L, Hoffer BJ, Tseng KY. Serotonergic Regulation of Synaptic Dopamine Levels Mitigates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:941-964. [PMID: 38905058 PMCID: PMC11307072 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Background The serotonin (5-HT) system can manipulate the processing of exogenous L-DOPA in the DA-denervated striatum, resulting in the modulation of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Objective To characterize the effects of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP) or the serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor, Citalopram on L-DOPA-induced behavior, neurochemical signals, and underlying protein expressions in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Methods MitoPark (MP) mice at 20 weeks of age, subjected to a 14-day administration of L-DOPA/Carbidopa, displayed dyskinesia, referred to as LID. Subsequent investigations explored the effects of 5-HT-modifying agents, such as 5-HTP and Citalopram, on abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), locomotor activity, neurochemical signals, serotonin transporter activity, and protein expression in the DA-denervated striatum of LID MP mice. Results 5-HTP exhibited duration-dependent suppressive effects on developing and established LID, especially related to abnormal limb movements observed in L-DOPA-primed MP mice. However, Citalopram, predominantly suppressed abnormal axial movement induced by L-DOPA in LID MP mice. We demonstrated that 5-HTP could decrease L-DOPA-upregulation of DA turnover rates while concurrently upregulating 5-HT metabolism. Additionally, 5-HTP was shown to reduce the expressions of p-ERK and p-DARPP-32 in the striatum of LID MP mice. The effect of Citalopram in alleviating LID development may be attributed to downregulation of SERT activity in the dorsal striatum of LID MP mice. Conclusions While both single injection of 5-HTP and Citalopram effectively mitigated the development of LID, the difference in mitigation of AIM subtypes may be linked to the unique effects of these two serotonergic agents on L-DOPA-derived DA and 5-HT metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vicki Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ahmed MR, Zheng C, Dunning JL, Ahmed MS, Ge C, Sanders Pair F, Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV. Arrestin-3-assisted activation of JNK3 mediates dopaminergic behavioral and signaling plasticity in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564447. [PMID: 37961199 PMCID: PMC10634923 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In rodents with unilateral ablation of the substantia nigra neurons supplying dopamine to the striatum, chronic treatment with the dopamine precursor L-DOPA or dopamine agonists induces a progressive increase of behavioral responses, a process known as behavioral sensitization. The sensitization is blunted in arrestin-3 knockout mice. Using virus-mediated gene delivery to the dopamine-depleted striatum of arrestin-3 knockout mice, we found that the restoration of arrestin-3 fully rescued behavioral sensitization, whereas its mutant defective in JNK activation did not. A 25-residue arrestin-3-derived peptide that facilitates JNK3 activation in cells, expressed ubiquitously or selectively in the direct pathway striatal neurons, fully rescued sensitization, whereas an inactive homologous arrestin-2-derived peptide did not. Behavioral rescue was accompanied by the restoration of JNK3 activity and of JNK-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun in the dopamine-depleted striatum. Thus, arrestin-3-dependent JNK3 activation in direct pathway neurons is a critical element of the molecular mechanism underlying sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | | | - Mohamed S. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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Bagheri S, Haddadi R, Saki S, Kourosh-Arami M, Rashno M, Mojaver A, Komaki A. Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on neurological diseases: a review article. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1188839. [PMID: 37424991 PMCID: PMC10326389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1188839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect the nervous system. Biochemical, structural, or electrical abnormalities in the spinal cord, brain, or other nerves lead to different symptoms, including muscle weakness, paralysis, poor coordination, seizures, loss of sensation, and pain. There are many recognized neurological diseases, like epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia 2 (ARCA2), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 9 (SCAR9). Different agents, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), exert neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage. Online databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE were systematically searched until December 2020 using keywords, including review, neurological disorders, and CoQ10. CoQ10 is endogenously produced in the body and also can be found in supplements or foods. CoQ10 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and plays a role in energy production and mitochondria stabilization, which are mechanisms, by which CoQ10 exerts its neuroprotective effects. Thus, in this review, we discussed the association between CoQ10 and neurological diseases, including AD, depression, MS, epilepsy, PD, LHON, ARCA2, SCAR9, and stroke. In addition, new therapeutic targets were introduced for the next drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Saki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Ali Mojaver
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Fan JP, Zhang X, Han Y, Ji Y, Gu WX, Wu HC, Zhou C, Xiao C. Subthalamic neurons interact with nigral dopaminergic neurons to regulate movement in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13917. [PMID: 36598331 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to address the role of the interaction between subthalamic (STN) neurons and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons in movement control. METHODS Fiber photometry and optogenetic/chemogenetic techniques were utilized to monitor and manipulate neuronal activity, respectively. Locomotion in mice was recorded in an open field arena and on a head-fixed apparatus. A hemiparkinsonian mouse model was established by unilateral injection of 6-OHDA in the medial forebrain bundle. Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were applied to record electrophysiological signals in STN neurons and SNc DA neurons. c-Fos-immunostaining was used to label activated neurons. A rabies virus-based retrograde tracing system was used to visualize STN neurons projecting to SNc DA neurons. RESULTS The activity of STN neurons was enhanced upon locomotion in an open field arena and on a head-fixed apparatus, and the enhancement was significantly attenuated in parkinsonian mice. Optogenetic stimulation of STN neurons enhanced locomotion, increased activity of SNc DA neurons, meanwhile, reduced latency to movement initiation. Combining optogenetics with patch-clamp recordings, we confirmed that STN neurons innervated SNc DA neurons through glutamatergic monosynaptic connections. Moreover, STN neurons projecting to SNc DA neurons were evenly distributed in the STN. Either 6-OHDA-lesion or chemogenetic inhibition of SNc DA neurons attenuated the enhancement of locomotion by STN stimulation. CONCLUSION SNc DA neurons not only affect the response of STN neurons to movement, but also contribute to the enhancement of movement by STN stimulation. This study demonstrates the role of STN-SNc interaction in movement control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Peng Fan
- School of basic medical sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Ji
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xin Gu
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Wu
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Castela I, Casado-Polanco R, Rubio YVW, da Silva JA, Marquez R, Pro B, Moratalla R, Redgrave P, Costa RM, Obeso J, Hernandez LF. Selective activation of striatal indirect pathway suppresses levodopa induced-dyskinesias. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105930. [PMID: 36414182 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) administration remains the gold standard therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite several pharmacological advances in the use of L-DOPA, a high proportion of chronically treated patients continues to suffer disabling involuntary movements, namely, L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). As part of the effort to stop these unwanted side effects, the present study used a rodent model to identify and manipulate the striatal outflow circuitry responsible for LIDs. To do so, optogenetic technology was used to activate separately the striatal direct (D1R- expressing) and indirect (D2R- expressing) pathways in a mouse model of PD. Firstly, D1-cre or A2a-cre animals received unilateral injections of neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to simulate the loss of dopamine observed in PD patients. The effects of independently stimulating each pathway were tested to see if experimental dyskinesias could be induced. Secondly, dopamine depleted A2a-cre animals received systemic L-DOPA to evoke dyskinetic movements. The ability of indirect pathway optogenetic stimulation to suppress pre-established LIDs was then tested. Selective manipulation of direct pathway evoked optodyskinesias both in dopamine depleted and intact animals, but optical inhibition of these neurons failed to suppress LIDs. On the other hand, selective activation of indirect striatal projection neurons produced an immediate and reliable suppression of LIDs. Thus, a functional dissociation has been found here whereby activation of D1R- and D2R-expressing projection neurons evokes and inhibits LIDs respectively, supporting the notion of tight interaction between the two striatal efferent systems in both normal and pathological conditions. This points to the importance of maintaining an equilibrium in the activity of both striatal pathways to produce normal movement. Finally, the ability of selective indirect pathway optogenetic activation to block the expression of LIDs in an animal model of PD sheds light on intrinsic mechanisms responsible for striatal-based dyskinesias and identifies a potential therapeutic target for suppressing LIDs in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Castela
- HM-CINAC, (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Raquel Casado-Polanco
- HM-CINAC, (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Van-Waes Rubio
- HM-CINAC, (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Marquez
- HM-CINAC, (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pro
- HM-CINAC, (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter Redgrave
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rui M Costa
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Spain; Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - José Obeso
- HM-CINAC, (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ledia F Hernandez
- HM-CINAC, (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Liu Y, Oubre B, Duval C, Lee SI, Daneault JF. A Kinematic Data-Driven Approach to Differentiate Involuntary Choreic Movements in Individuals With Neurological Conditions. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:3784-3791. [PMID: 35604991 PMCID: PMC9756312 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3177396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability to differentiate similar choreic involuntary movements could lay the groundwork for the development of a minimally-invasive screening tool for their etiology and provide in-depth understandings of pathophysiology. As a first step, we investigate kinematic differences between Huntington's disease (HD) chorea and Parkinson's disease (PD) choreic levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), which have distinct pathological causes yet share a great kinematic resemblance. METHODS Twenty subjects with HD and ten subjects with PD stood with both upper limbs in front of them for approximately 60 seconds. The three-dimensional velocity time-series of involuntary movements of both hands were segmented into one-dimensional sub-movements abutted by velocity zero-crossings. A combination of unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms was employed to automatically select data features extracted from sub-movements and distinguish the two types of involuntary choreic movements. RESULTS The trained model was able to accurately classify chorea vs. LID with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of 99.5%. A set of important features contributing to the construction of the classification model were identified and investigated. CONCLUSION The trained model may serve as a tool for the automatic identification of different types of involuntary choreic movements, enabling continuous monitoring and personalized treatment for patients in various clinical settings. SIGNIFICANCE The results provide insights into kinematic characteristics of HD chorea and PD LID, which is the first step towards an improved general understanding of involuntary choreic movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Liu
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Oubre
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Christian Duval
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Ivan Lee
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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10
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Discovery of levodopa-induced dyskinesia-associated genes using genomic studies in patients and Drosophila behavioral analyses. Commun Biol 2022; 5:872. [PMID: 36008531 PMCID: PMC9411113 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although levodopa is the most effective medication for Parkinson’s disease, long-term levodopa treatment is largely compromised due to late motor complications, including levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). However, the genetic basis of LID pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Here, we discover genes pathogenic for LID using Drosophila genetics and behavioral analyses combined with genome-wide association studies on 578 patients clinically diagnosed with LID. Similar to the therapeutic effect of levodopa in patients, acute levodopa treatments restore the motor defect of Parkinson’s disease model flies, while prolonged treatments cause LID-related symptoms, such as increased yawing, freezing and abrupt acceleration of locomotion. These symptoms require dopamine 1-like receptor 1 and are induced by neuronal overexpression of the receptor. Among genes selected from our analyses in the patient genome, neuronal knockdown of adenylyl cyclase 2 suppresses the levodopa-induced phenotypes and the receptor overexpression-induced symptoms in Drosophila. Together, our study provides genetic insights for LID pathogenesis through the D1-like receptor-adenylyl cyclase 2 signaling axis. A combined research approach using GWAS on Parkinson's disease patients and a Drosophila model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) reveals that LID is linked to ADCY2 signaling.
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Angela Cenci M, Skovgård K, Odin P. Non-dopaminergic approaches to the treatment of motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Scarduzio M, Hess EJ, Standaert DG, Eskow Jaunarajs KL. Striatal synaptic dysfunction in dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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13
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Dagra A, Miller DR, Lin M, Gopinath A, Shaerzadeh F, Harris S, Sorrentino ZA, Støier JF, Velasco S, Azar J, Alonge AR, Lebowitz JJ, Ulm B, Bu M, Hansen CA, Urs N, Giasson BI, Khoshbouei H. α-Synuclein-induced dysregulation of neuronal activity contributes to murine dopamine neuron vulnerability. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:76. [PMID: 34408150 PMCID: PMC8373893 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological damages and loss of function of dopamine neurons precede their demise and contribute to the early phases of Parkinson's disease. The presence of aberrant intracellular pathological inclusions of the protein α-synuclein within ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons is one of the cardinal features of Parkinson's disease. We employed molecular biology, electrophysiology, and live-cell imaging to investigate how excessive α-synuclein expression alters multiple characteristics of dopaminergic neuronal dynamics and dopamine transmission in cultured dopamine neurons conditionally expressing GCaMP6f. We found that overexpression of α-synuclein in mouse (male and female) dopaminergic neurons altered neuronal firing properties, calcium dynamics, dopamine release, protein expression, and morphology. Moreover, prolonged exposure to the D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, rescues many of the alterations induced by α-synuclein overexpression. These studies demonstrate that α-synuclein dysregulation of neuronal activity contributes to the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and that modulation of D2 receptor activity can ameliorate the pathophysiology. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the insidious changes in dopaminergic neuronal activity and neuronal loss that characterize Parkinson's disease progression with significant therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Dagra
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Douglas R. Miller
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Min Lin
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Adithya Gopinath
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Fatemeh Shaerzadeh
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Sharonda Harris
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Zachary A. Sorrentino
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jonatan Fullerton Støier
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XMolecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Velasco
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Janelle Azar
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Adetola R. Alonge
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Joseph J. Lebowitz
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Brittany Ulm
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Mengfei Bu
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Carissa A. Hansen
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Nikhil Urs
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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Riluzole Administration to Rats with Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia Leads to Loss of DNA Methylation in Neuronal Genes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061442. [PMID: 34207710 PMCID: PMC8228416 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyskinesias are characterized by abnormal repetitive involuntary movements due to dysfunctional neuronal activity. Although levodopa-induced dyskinesia, characterized by tic-like abnormal involuntary movements, has no clinical treatment for Parkinson’s disease patients, animal studies indicate that Riluzole, which interferes with glutamatergic neurotransmission, can improve the phenotype. The rat model of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia is a unilateral lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle, followed by the repeated administration of levodopa. The molecular pathomechanism of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia is still not deciphered; however, the implication of epigenetic mechanisms was suggested. In this study, we investigated the striatum for DNA methylation alterations under chronic levodopa treatment with or without co-treatment with Riluzole. Our data show that the lesioned and contralateral striata have nearly identical DNA methylation profiles. Chronic levodopa and levodopa + Riluzole treatments led to DNA methylation loss, particularly outside of promoters, in gene bodies and CpG poor regions. We observed that several genes involved in the Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia underwent methylation changes. Furthermore, the Riluzole co-treatment, which improved the phenotype, pinpointed specific methylation targets, with a more than 20% methylation difference relative to levodopa treatment alone. These findings indicate potential new druggable targets for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.
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Lee B, Taylor M, Griffin SA, McInnis T, Sumien N, Mach RH, Luedtke RR. Evaluation of Substituted N-Phenylpiperazine Analogs as D3 vs. D2 Dopamine Receptor Subtype Selective Ligands. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113182. [PMID: 34073405 PMCID: PMC8198181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-phenylpiperazine analogs can bind selectively to the D3 versus the D2 dopamine receptor subtype despite the fact that these two D2-like dopamine receptor subtypes exhibit substantial amino acid sequence homology. The binding for a number of these receptor subtype selective compounds was found to be consistent with their ability to bind at the D3 dopamine receptor subtype in a bitopic manner. In this study, a series of the 3-thiophenephenyl and 4-thiazolylphenyl fluoride substituted N-phenylpiperazine analogs were evaluated. Compound 6a was found to bind at the human D3 receptor with nanomolar affinity with substantial D3 vs. D2 binding selectivity (approximately 500-fold). Compound 6a was also tested for activity in two in-vivo assays: (1) a hallucinogenic-dependent head twitch response inhibition assay using DBA/2J mice and (2) an L-dopa-dependent abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) inhibition assay using unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned (hemiparkinsonian) rats. Compound 6a was found to be active in both assays. This compound could lead to a better understanding of how a bitopic D3 dopamine receptor selective ligand might lead to the development of pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boeun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.L.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (M.T.); (S.A.G.); (T.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Suzy A. Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (M.T.); (S.A.G.); (T.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Tamara McInnis
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (M.T.); (S.A.G.); (T.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (M.T.); (S.A.G.); (T.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.L.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Robert R. Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (M.T.); (S.A.G.); (T.M.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Serra M, Pinna A, Costa G, Usiello A, Pasqualetti M, Avallone L, Morelli M, Napolitano F. Involvement of the Protein Ras Homolog Enriched in the Striatum, Rhes, in Dopaminergic Neurons' Degeneration: Link to Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105326. [PMID: 34070217 PMCID: PMC8158741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhes is one of the most interesting genes regulated by thyroid hormones that, through the inhibition of the striatal cAMP/PKA pathway, acts as a modulator of dopamine neurotransmission. Rhes mRNA is expressed at high levels in the dorsal striatum, with a medial-to-lateral expression gradient reflecting that of both dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors. Rhes transcript is also present in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, olfactory tubercle and bulb, substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area of the rodent brain. In line with Rhes-dependent regulation of dopaminergic transmission, data showed that lack of Rhes enhanced cocaine- and amphetamine-induced motor stimulation in mice. Previous studies showed that pharmacological depletion of dopamine significantly reduces Rhes mRNA levels in rodents, non-human primates and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, suggesting a link between dopaminergic innervation and physiological Rhes mRNA expression. Rhes protein binds to and activates striatal mTORC1, and modulates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in PD rodent models. Finally, Rhes is involved in the survival of mouse midbrain dopaminergic neurons of SNc, thus pointing towards a Rhes-dependent modulation of autophagy and mitophagy processes, and encouraging further investigations about mechanisms underlying dysfunctions of the nigrostriatal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Annalisa Pinna
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Neuroscience Institute—Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Pasqualetti
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Neuroscience Institute—Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Abnormal Cortico-Basal Ganglia Neurotransmission in a Mouse Model of l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2668-2683. [PMID: 33563724 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0267-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, long-term treatment induces l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). To elucidate its pathophysiology, we developed a mouse model of LID by daily administration of l-DOPA to PD male ICR mice treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and recorded the spontaneous and cortically evoked neuronal activity in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), the connecting and output nuclei of the basal ganglia, respectively, in awake conditions. Spontaneous firing rates of GPe neurons were decreased in the dyskinesia-off state (≥24 h after l-DOPA injection) and increased in the dyskinesia-on state (20-100 min after l-DOPA injection while showing dyskinesia), while those of SNr neurons showed no significant changes. GPe and SNr neurons showed bursting activity and low-frequency oscillation in the PD, dyskinesia-off, and dyskinesia-on states. In the GPe, cortically evoked late excitation was increased in the PD and dyskinesia-off states but decreased in the dyskinesia-on state. In the SNr, cortically evoked inhibition was largely suppressed, and monophasic excitation became dominant in the PD state. Chronic l-DOPA treatment partially recovered inhibition and suppressed late excitation in the dyskinesia-off state. In the dyskinesia-on state, inhibition was further enhanced, and late excitation was largely suppressed. Cortically evoked inhibition and late excitation in the SNr are mediated by the cortico-striato-SNr direct and cortico-striato-GPe-subthalamo-SNr indirect pathways, respectively. Thus, in the dyskinesia-on state, signals through the direct pathway that release movements are enhanced, while signals through the indirect pathway that stop movements are suppressed, underlying LID.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, characterized by tremor, rigidity, and akinesia, and estimated to affect around six million people world-wide. Dopamine replacement therapy is the gold standard for PD treatment; however, control of symptoms using l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) becomes difficult over time because of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) known as l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), one of the major issues for advanced PD. Our electrophysiological data suggest that dynamic changes in the basal ganglia circuitry underlie LID; signals through the direct pathway that release movements are enhanced, while signals through the indirect pathway that stop movements are suppressed. These results will provide the rationale for the development of more effective treatments for LID.
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18
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Chen J, Wang Q, Li N, Huang S, Li M, Cai J, Wang Y, Wen H, Lv S, Wang N, Wang J, Luo F, Zhang W. Dyskinesia is Closely Associated with Synchronization of Theta Oscillatory Activity Between the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata and Motor Cortex in the Off L-dopa State in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:323-338. [PMID: 33210188 PMCID: PMC7955013 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive theta (θ) frequency oscillation and synchronization in the basal ganglia (BG) has been reported in elderly parkinsonian patients and animal models of levodopa (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID), particularly the θ oscillation recorded during periods when L-dopa is withdrawn (the off L-dopa state). To gain insight into processes underlying this activity, we explored the relationship between primary motor cortex (M1) oscillatory activity and BG output in LID. We recorded local field potentials in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and M1 of awake, inattentive resting rats before and after L-dopa priming in Sham control, Parkinson disease model, and LID model groups. We found that chronic L-dopa increased θ synchronization and information flow between the SNr and M1 in off L-dopa state LID rats, with a SNr-to-M1 flow directionality. Compared with the on state, θ oscillational activity (θ synchronization and information flow) during the off state were more closely associated with abnormal involuntary movements. Our findings indicate that θ oscillation in M1 may be consequent to abnormal synchronous discharges in the BG and support the notion that M1 θ oscillation may participate in the induction of dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanxiang Li
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shujie Huang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Min Li
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Junbin Cai
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yuzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huantao Wen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Siyuan Lv
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wangming Zhang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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Liu W, Lao W, Zhang R, Zhu H. Altered expression of voltage gated sodium channel Nav1.1 is involved in motor ability in MPTP-treated mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:187-198. [PMID: 33610724 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disabling disorder owing to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). The mechanisms causing motor deficits remain debated. High synchronized oscillations in the basal ganglia (BG) were proposed to be associated with motor symptoms in PD patients and animal models of PD. Voltage-gated sodium channels play a vital role in the initiation and propagation of action potentials. Here, we investigated the expression patterns of a VGSC subtype Nav1.1 in the BG of a PD animal model induced by MPTP intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that Nav1.1 was significantly reduced in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive dopaminergic neurons of the SN. Moreover, Nav1.1 expression was significantly increased in calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) positive neurons of the globus pallidus (GP) in MPTP-treated mice compared to the rarely undetectable expression of Nav1.1 in the control GP. Furthermore, the administration of phenytoin, a VGSCs blocker, can effectively improve motor disabilities and reduce the synchronous oscillations in the BG of MPTP-treated mice. These findings suggested that the alterations of Nav1.1 expression may be associated with the high synchronous oscillations in the BG of PD animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitang Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Lao
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renxing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Neuronal Dopamine D3 Receptors: Translational Implications for Preclinical Research and CNS Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010104. [PMID: 33466844 PMCID: PMC7830622 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), as one of the major neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, exerts its actions through five types of receptors which belong to two major subfamilies such as D1-like (i.e., D1 and D5 receptors) and D2-like (i.e., D2, D3 and D4) receptors. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) was cloned 30 years ago, and its distribution in the CNS and in the periphery, molecular structure, cellular signaling mechanisms have been largely explored. Involvement of D3Rs has been recognized in several CNS functions such as movement control, cognition, learning, reward, emotional regulation and social behavior. D3Rs have become a promising target of drug research and great efforts have been made to obtain high affinity ligands (selective agonists, partial agonists and antagonists) in order to elucidate D3R functions. There has been a strong drive behind the efforts to find drug-like compounds with high affinity and selectivity and various functionality for D3Rs in the hope that they would have potential treatment options in CNS diseases such as schizophrenia, drug abuse, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and restless leg syndrome. In this review, we provide an overview and update of the major aspects of research related to D3Rs: distribution in the CNS and periphery, signaling and molecular properties, the status of ligands available for D3R research (agonists, antagonists and partial agonists), behavioral functions of D3Rs, the role in neural networks, and we provide a summary on how the D3R-related drug research has been translated to human therapy.
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21
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Patel BR, Imran S, Ye W, Weng H, Noroozifar M, Kerman K. Simultaneous voltammetric detection of six biomolecules using a nanocomposite of titanium dioxide nanorods with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Błaszczyk JW. Energy Metabolism Decline in the Aging Brain-Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110450. [PMID: 33171879 PMCID: PMC7695180 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidencethat indicates that the aging of the brain results from the decline of energy metabolism. In particular, the neuronal metabolism of glucose declines steadily, resulting in a growing deficit of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production-which, in turn, limits glucose access. This vicious circle of energy metabolism at the cellular level is evoked by a rising deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the mitochondrial salvage pathway and subsequent impairment of the Krebs cycle. A decreasing NAD level also impoverishes the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes that augments genetic errors and initiate processes of neuronal degeneration and death.This sequence of events is characteristic of several brain structures in which neurons have the highest energy metabolism. Neurons of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia with long unmyelinated axons and these with numerous synaptic junctions are particularly prone to senescence and neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, functional deficits of neurodegeneration are initially well-compensated, therefore, clinical symptoms are recognized too late when the damages to the brain structures are already irreversible. Therefore, future treatment strategies in neurodegenerative disorders should focus on energy metabolism and compensation age-related NAD deficit in neurons. This review summarizes the complex interrelationships between metabolic processes on the systemic and cellular levels and provides directions on how to reduce the risk of neurodegeneration and protect the elderly against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Wiesław Błaszczyk
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
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23
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Park H, Chang KA. Therapeutic Potential of Repeated Intravenous Transplantation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Subchronic MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218129. [PMID: 33143234 PMCID: PMC7663651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which is clinically and pathologically characterized by motor dysfunction and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, respectively. PD treatment with stem cells has long been studied by researchers; however, no adequate treatment strategy has been established. The results of studies so far have suggested that stem cell transplantation can be an effective treatment for PD. However, PD is a progressively deteriorating neurodegenerative disease that requires long-term treatment, and this has been insufficiently studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) for repeated vein transplantation over long-term in an animal model of PD. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model mice, hASCs were administered on the tail vein six times at two-week intervals. After the last injection of hASCs, motor function significantly improved. The number of dopaminergic neurons present in the nigrostriatal pathway was recovered using hASC transplantation. Moreover, the administration of hASC restored altered dopamine transporter expression and increased neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in the striatum. Overall, this study suggests that repeated intravenous transplantation of hASC may exert therapeutic effects on PD by restoring BDNF and GDNF expressions, protecting dopaminergic neurons, and maintaining the nigrostriatal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-899-6411
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Nakamura Y, Nakamura Y, Pelosi A, Djemai B, Debacker C, Hervé D, Girault JA, Tsurugizawa T. fMRI detects bilateral brain network activation following unilateral chemogenetic activation of direct striatal projection neurons. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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25
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Mehta K, Kaur B, Pandey KK, Kaler S, Dhar P. Curcumin supplementation shows modulatory influence on functional and morphological features of hippocampus in mice subjected to arsenic trioxide exposure. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:355-365. [PMID: 32929054 PMCID: PMC7527119 DOI: 10.5115/acb.18.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since, oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced toxicity, the present study focused on the role of antioxidant (curcumin) supplementation on behavioral, biochemical, and morphological alterations with context to mice hippocampus (CA1) following arsenic trioxide (As2O3) administration. Healthy male Swiss albino mice were divided into control and experimental groups. As2O3 (2 mg/kg bw) alone or along with curcumin (100 mg/kg bw) was administered to experimental groups by oral route for 45 days whereas the control groups received either no treatment or vehicle for curcumin. Animals were subjected to behavioral study towards the end of the experimental period (day 33-45). On day 46, the brain samples were obtained and subjected either to immersion fixation (for morphometric observations) or used afresh for biochemical test. Behavioral tests (open field, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze) revealed enhanced anxiety levels and impairment of cognitive functions in As2O3 alone treated groups whereas a trend of recovery was evident in mice simultaneously treated with As2O3 and curcumin. Morphological observations showed noticeable reduction in stratum pyramidale thickness (CA1), along with decrease in density and size of pyramidal neurons in As2O3 alone exposed group as compared to As2O3+Cu co-treated group. Hippocampal glutathione levels were found to be downregulated in animals receiving As2O3 as against the levels of controls and curcumin supplemented animals, thereby, suggestive of beneficial role of curcumin on As2O3 induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Mehta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Balpreet Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Kaler
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pushpa Dhar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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26
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Castela I, Hernandez LF. Shedding light on dyskinesias. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2398-2413. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Castela
- HM‐CINAC Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales Madrid Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
| | - Ledia F. Hernandez
- HM‐CINAC Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales Madrid Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
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27
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Nishijima H, Mori F, Arai A, Zhu G, Wakabayashi K, Okada M, Ueno S, Ichinohe N, Suzuki C, Kon T, Tomiyama M. GABA storage and release in the medial globus pallidus in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia priming. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104979. [PMID: 32590036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease; however, most patients develop uncontrollable abnormal involuntary movements known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia can be reduced by pallidotomy of the medial globus pallidus or pallidal deep brain stimulation, suggesting that the medial globus pallidus plays a significant role in the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In the present study, the pathological changes of the medial globus pallidus in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia were studied in rat models of Parkinson's disease (unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (L-DOPA injection in Parkinson's disease-model rats twice daily for 2 weeks, confirmed by display of dyskinesia-like abnormal involuntary movements). L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia-model rats displayed medial globus pallidus hypertrophy, enlarged axon terminals surrounding the dendrites of medial globus pallidus neurons, and increased density of synaptic vesicles in enlarged axon terminals on the lesioned side. Synaptic terminal enlargement reversed after discontinuation of L-DOPA. Histological studies revealed the enlarged synaptic terminals were those of GABAergic striatal (direct pathway) neurons. A single injection of L-DOPA enhanced GABA release in the medial globus pallidus on the lesioned side in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia-model rats compared to Parkinson's disease-model rats. In addition, microinjection of muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, into the medial globus pallidus on the lesioned side of Parkinson's disease-model rats induced dyskinesia-like abnormal involuntary movements. Microinjection of bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist, into the medial globus pallidus on the lesioned side alleviated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease-model rats that had received L-DOPA prior to the microinjection. These results indicate that priming for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia comprises excessive GABA storage in axon terminals of the direct pathway and that expression of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is associated with enhanced GABA release into the medial globus pallidus after L-DOPA dosing and the resultant excessive stimulation of GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Nishijima
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Akira Arai
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1-1 Higashi-Tsukurimichi, Aomori 030-8551, Japan
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Ichinohe Neural System Group, Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Functions, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chieko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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28
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Petersson P, Halje P, Cenci MA. Significance and Translational Value of High-Frequency Cortico-Basal Ganglia Oscillations in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 9:183-196. [PMID: 30594935 PMCID: PMC6484276 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms and significance of basal ganglia oscillations is a fundamental research question engaging both clinical and basic investigators. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), neural activity in basal ganglia nuclei is characterized by oscillatory patterns that are believed to disrupt the dynamic processing of movement-related information and thus generate motor symptoms. Beta-band oscillations associated with hypokinetic states have been reviewed in several excellent previous articles. Here we focus on faster oscillatory phenomena that have been reported in association with a diverse range of motor states. We review the occurrence of different types of fast oscillations and the evidence supporting their pathophysiological role. We also provide a general discussion on the definition, possible mechanisms, and translational value of synchronized oscillations of different frequencies in cortico-basal ganglia structures. Revealing how oscillatory phenomena are caused and spread in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical networks will offer a key to unlock the neural codes of both motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. In preclinical therapeutic research, recording of oscillatory neural activities holds the promise to unravel mechanisms of action of current and future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Petersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär Halje
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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29
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Hyperpolarization of the subthalamic nucleus alleviates hyperkinetic movement disorders. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8278. [PMID: 32427942 PMCID: PMC7237462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) firing patterns with injections of depolarizing currents into the STN is an important advance for the treatment of hypokinetic movement disorders, especially Parkinson’s disease (PD). Chorea, ballism and dystonia are prototypical examples of hyperkinetic movement disorders. In our previous study, normal rats without nigro-striatal lesion were rendered hypokinetic with hyperpolarizing currents injected into the STN. Therefore, modulation of the firing pattern by injection of a hyperpolarizing current into the STN could be an effective treatment for hyperkinetic movement disorders. We investigated the effect of injecting a hyperpolarizing current into the STNs of two different types of hyperkinetic animal models and a patient with an otherwise uncontrollable hyperkinetic disorder. The two animal models included levodopa-induced hyperkinetic movement in parkinsonian rats (L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia model) and hyperkinesia induced by an intrastriatal injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (Huntington disease model), covering neurodegeneration-related as well as neurotoxin-induced derangement in the cortico-subcortical re-entrant loops. Delivering hyperpolarizing currents into the STN readily alleviated the hyperkinetic behaviors in the two animal models and in the clinical case, with an evident increase in subthalamic burst discharges in electrophysiological recordings. Application of a hyperpolarizing current into the STN via a Deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode could be an effective general therapy for a wide spectrum of hyperkinetic movement disorders.
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30
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Han CL, Liu YP, Sui YP, Chen N, Du TT, Jiang Y, Guo CJ, Wang KL, Wang Q, Fan SY, Shimabukuro M, Meng FG, Yuan F, Zhang JG. Integrated transcriptome expression profiling reveals a novel lncRNA associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:718-739. [PMID: 31929116 PMCID: PMC6977703 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common complication of chronic dopamine replacement therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Long noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression and participate in many biological processes. However, the role of long noncoding RNAs in LID is not well understood. In the present study, we examined the lncRNA transcriptome profile of a rat model of PD and LID by RNA sequence and got a subset of lncRNAs, which were gradually decreased during the development of PD and LID. We further identified a previously uncharacterized long noncoding RNA, NONRATT023402.2, and its target genes glutathione S-transferase omega (Gsto)2 and prostaglandin E receptor (Ptger)3. All of them were decreased in the PD and LID rats as shown by quantitative real-time PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization and western blotting. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that their expression was positively correlated with the dyskinesia score of LID rats. In vitro experiments by small interfering RNA confirmed that slicing NONRATT023402 inhibited Gsto2 and Ptger3 and promoted the inflammatory response. These results demonstrate that NONRATT023402.2 may have inhibitive effects on the development of PD and LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Han
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Peng Sui
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Du
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Jia Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Liang Wang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ying Fan
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Michitomo Shimabukuro
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Fan-Gang Meng
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Rentsch P, Stayte S, Morris GP, Vissel B. Time dependent degeneration of the nigrostriatal tract in mice with 6-OHDA lesioned medial forebrain bundle and the effect of activin A on L-Dopa induced dyskinesia. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:5. [PMID: 30760214 PMCID: PMC6374903 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately assessing promising therapeutic interventions for human diseases depends, in part, on the reproducibility of preclinical disease models. With the development of transgenic mice, the rapid adaptation of a 6-OHDA mouse model of Parkinson’s disease that was originally described for the use in rats has come with a lack of a comprehensive characterization of lesion progression. In this study we therefore first characterised the time course of neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum over a 4 week period following 6-OHDA injection into the medial forebrain bundle of mice. We then utilised the model to assess the anti-dyskinetic efficacy of recombinant activin A, a putative neuroprotectant and anti-inflammatory that is endogenously upregulated during the course of Parkinson’s disease. Results We found that degeneration of fibers in the striatum was fully established within 1 week following 6-OHDA administration, but that the loss of neurons continued to progress over time, becoming fully established 3 weeks after the 6-OHDA injection. In assessing the anti-dyskinetic efficacy of activin A using this model we found that treatment with activin A did not significantly reduce the severity, or delay the time-of-onset, of dyskinesia. Conclusion First, the current study concludes that a 3 week duration is required to establish a complete lesion of the nigrostriatal tract following 6-OHDA injection into the medial forebrain bundle of mice. Second, we found that activin A was not anti-dyskinetic in this model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-019-0487-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Rentsch
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sandy Stayte
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Gary P Morris
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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32
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Scarpina F, Cau N, Cimolin V, Galli M, Priano L, Mauro A. Defective Tool Embodiment in Body Representation of Individuals Affected by Parkinson's Disease: A Preliminary Study. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2489. [PMID: 30666219 PMCID: PMC6330277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When efficiently used for action, tools become part of the body, with effect on the spatial-temporal movement parameters and body size perception. Until now, no previous investigation has been reported about tool embodiment in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is a neurological disease characterized by several sensory and motor symptoms affecting body and action. We enrolled 14 individuals affected by PD and 18 healthy individuals as controls. We studied the spatial-temporal parameters on self-paced free pointing movement task, via an optoelectronic system, before and after a short training in which a 27-cm long rod was used to point toward a far target. Moreover, we investigated changes in estimation of arm length through the Tactile Estimation Task. After the tool-use training, controls showed changes in spatial-temporal parameters: they were slower to perform movements and reported a higher value of deceleration than the baseline. However, such a difference did not emerge in the PD individuals. In the Tactile Discrimination Task, no difference emerged before and after the tool-use training in both groups. Our results were suggestive of possible difficulties of the tool embodiment process in PD. We discussed our results in relation to aberrant multisensory integration as well as in terms of the effect of PD sensory and motor symptoms on body schema plasticity. The present study points at a novel way to conceive PD sensory motor signs and symptoms in terms of their effect on individuals’ body representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scarpina
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Divisione di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Nicola Cau
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Cimolin
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Galli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Tosinvest Sanità Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Priano
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Divisione di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.,Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauro
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Divisione di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.,Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Eltoprazine prevents levodopa-induced dyskinesias by reducing causal interactions for theta oscillations in the dorsolateral striatum and substantia nigra pars reticulate. Neuropharmacology 2019; 148:1-10. [PMID: 30612008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oscillatory activities within basal ganglia (BG) circuitry in L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID), a condition that occurs in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), are not well understood. The aims of this study were firstly to investigate oscillations in main BG input and output structures-the dorsolateral striatum (dStr) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), respectively- including the direction of oscillation information flow, and secondly to investigate the effects of 5-HT1A/B receptor agonism with eltoprazine on oscillatory activities and abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) characteristic. To this end, we conducted local field potential (LFP) electrophysiology in the dStr and SNr of LID rats simultaneous with AIM scoring. The LFP data were submitted to power spectral density, coherence, and partial Granger causality analyses. AIM data were analyzed relative to simultaneous oscillatory activities, with and without eltoprazine. We obtained four major findings. 1) Theta band (5-8 Hz) oscillations were enhanced in the dStr and SNr of LID rats. 2) Theta power correlated with AIM scores in the 180-min period after the last LID-inducing L-DOPA injection, but not with daily summed AIM scores during LID development. 3) Oscillatory information flowed from the dStr to the SNr. 4) Chronic eltoprazine reduced BG theta activity in LID rats and normalized information flow directionality, relative to that in LID rats not given eltoprazine. These results indicate that dStr activity plays a determinative role in the causal interactions of theta oscillations and that serotonergic inhibition may suppress dyskinesia by reducing dStr-SNr theta activity and restoring theta network information flow.
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34
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Klein MO, Battagello DS, Cardoso AR, Hauser DN, Bittencourt JC, Correa RG. Dopamine: Functions, Signaling, and Association with Neurological Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:31-59. [PMID: 30446950 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, synthesized in both central nervous system and the periphery, that exerts its actions upon binding to G protein-coupled receptors. Dopamine receptors are widely expressed in the body and function in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Dopaminergic signaling pathways are crucial to the maintenance of physiological processes and an unbalanced activity may lead to dysfunctions that are related to neurodegenerative diseases. Unveiling the neurobiology and the molecular mechanisms that underlie these illnesses may contribute to the development of new therapies that could promote a better quality of life for patients worldwide. In this review, we summarize the aspects of dopamine as a catecholaminergic neurotransmitter and discuss dopamine signaling pathways elicited through dopamine receptor activation in normal brain function. Furthermore, we describe the potential involvement of these signaling pathways in evoking the onset and progression of some diseases in the nervous system, such as Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, Huntington's, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and Addiction. A brief description of new dopaminergic drugs recently approved and under development treatments for these ailments is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne O Klein
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Daniella S Battagello
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ariel R Cardoso
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - David N Hauser
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Sanford Burnham Prebys (SBP) Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jackson C Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Sanford Burnham Prebys (SBP) Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Duszkiewicz AJ, McNamara CG, Takeuchi T, Genzel L. Novelty and Dopaminergic Modulation of Memory Persistence: A Tale of Two Systems. Trends Neurosci 2018; 42:102-114. [PMID: 30455050 PMCID: PMC6352318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to the ever-changing world is critical for survival, and our brains are particularly tuned to remember events that differ from previous experiences. Novel experiences induce dopamine release in the hippocampus, a process which promotes memory persistence. While axons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were generally thought to be the exclusive source of hippocampal dopamine, recent studies have demonstrated that noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) corelease noradrenaline and dopamine in the hippocampus and that their dopamine release boosts memory retention as well. In this opinion article, we propose that the projections originating from the VTA and the LC belong to two distinct systems that enhance memory of novel events. Novel experiences that share some commonality with past ones (‘common novelty’) activate the VTA and promote semantic memory formation via systems memory consolidation. By contrast, experiences that bear only a minimal relationship to past experiences (‘distinct novelty’) activate the LC to trigger strong initial memory consolidation in the hippocampus, resulting in vivid and long-lasting episodic memories. Novelty induces dopamine release in the hippocampus, triggering memory consolidation to boost memory persistence. Two dopaminergic systems (the ventral tegmental area- and locus coeruleus-hippocampus systems) can stabilise memory through novelty-induced dopamine release in the hippocampus. Novel experiences can be viewed as a spectrum, from experiences that, while clearly novel, share some commonality with past experiences (‘common novelty’), to more fundamentally distinct experiences that bear minimal relationships to past experiences (‘distinct novelty’). We propose that events characterised by ‘common novelty’ boost memory retention via activation of the ventral tegmental area-hippocampus system, resulting in initial consolidation followed by systems consolidation to create neocortical, semantic, long-term memories. We further propose that events characterised by ‘distinct novelty’ lead to the boost of detailed hippocampal, episodic, long-term memory via activation of the locus coeruleus-hippocampus system through strong upregulation of the synaptic tagging and capture mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Duszkiewicz
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin G McNamara
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lisa Genzel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University and Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Treadmill Exercise Attenuates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia and Increases Striatal Levels of Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Hemiparkinsonian Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2944-2951. [PMID: 30073506 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exercise can act as a disease-modifying agent in Parkinson's disease (PD), and we have previously demonstrated that voluntary exercise in running wheels during 2 weeks normalizes striatopallidal dopaminergic signaling and prevents the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in C57BL/6 mice. We now tested whether LID in Swiss albino mice could be attenuated by treadmill-controlled exercise alone or in combination with the reference antidyskinetic drug amantadine. The daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with three different doses of L-DOPA/benserazide (30/12.5, 50/25, or 70/35 mg/kg) during 3 weeks induced increasing levels of LID scores in hemiparkinsonian Swiss albino mice previously lesioned with a unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 10 μg). Then, we addressed the antidyskinetic effects of treadmill-controlled exercise by comparing LID, induced by L-DOPA/benserazide (50/25 mg/kg, i.p.) during 4 weeks, in sedentary and daily exercised mice. Exercise reduced LID and improved motor skills of dyskinetic mice, as indicated by decreased contralateral bias, increase in maximal load test, and latency to fall in rotarod. The antidyskinetic effect of amantadine (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was only observed in sedentary mice, indicating the absence of synergistic antidyskinetic effect of the combination of treadmill exercise plus amantadine. Finally, Western blot analysis unraveled an ability of exercise to increase the striatal immunocontent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), apart from normalizing striatal levels of tyrosine hydroxylase. These findings show that controlled treadmill exercise attenuates LID and provide the first indication that the antidyskinetic effects of treadmill exercise may involve increased striatal GDNF levels.
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Pittman B, Ghomi RH, Si D. Parkinson's Disease Classification of mPower Walking Activity Participants. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:4253-4256. [PMID: 30441293 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Motion sensor data collected using Sage Bionetwork's mPower application on the Apple iPhone to record participant activities is analyzed to classify samples as positive or negative for Parkinson's Diagnosis. Pre-processing of the data showed differences in the time and frequency dimensions for features derived from Apple Core motion data. Several classic machine learning classification algorithms were trained on seventy-seven derived data points for best precision, recall, and F-1 score. Accuracy as high as ninety-two percent were achieved, with the best results attained from decision tree and multi-layered artificial neural network algorithms. This research shows that motion data produced on the Apple iPhone using the mPower application shows promise as an accessible platform to classify participants for presence of Parkinson's Disease signs.
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38
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Gainfully employing descending controls in acute and chronic pain management. Vet J 2018; 237:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cenci MA, Jörntell H, Petersson P. On the neuronal circuitry mediating L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1157-1169. [PMID: 29704061 PMCID: PMC6060876 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of rodent models of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), a growing literature has linked molecular changes in the striatum to the development and expression of abnormal involuntary movements. Changes in information processing at the striatal level are assumed to impact on the activity of downstream basal ganglia nuclei, which in turn influence brain-wide networks, but very little is actually known about systems-level mechanisms of dyskinesia. As an aid to approach this topic, we here review the anatomical and physiological organisation of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, and the changes affecting these circuits in animal models of parkinsonism and LID. We then review recent findings indicating that an abnormal cerebellar compensation plays a causal role in LID, and that structures outside of the classical motor circuits are implicated too. In summarizing the available data, we also propose hypotheses and identify important knowledge gaps worthy of further investigation. In addition to informing novel therapeutic approaches, the study of LID can provide new clues about the interplay between different brain circuits in the control of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Jörntell
- Neural Basis of Sensorimotor Control, Department Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Petersson
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Neuronano Research Centre, Department Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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40
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You H, Mariani LL, Mangone G, Le Febvre de Nailly D, Charbonnier-Beaupel F, Corvol JC. Molecular basis of dopamine replacement therapy and its side effects in Parkinson's disease. Cell Tissue Res 2018. [PMID: 29516217 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no cure for Parkinson's disease. The symptomatic therapeutic strategy essentially relies on dopamine replacement whose efficacy was demonstrated more than 50 years ago following the introduction of the dopamine precursor, levodopa. The spectacular antiparkinsonian effect of levodopa is, however, balanced by major limitations including the occurrence of motor complications related to its particular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Other therapeutic strategies have thus been developed to overcome these problems such as the use of dopamine receptor agonists, dopamine metabolism inhibitors and non-dopaminergic drugs. Here we review the pharmacology and molecular mechanisms of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease, both at the presynaptic and postsynaptic levels. The perspectives in terms of novel drug development and prediction of drug response for a more personalised medicine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana You
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,CNRS, Unit 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Louise-Laure Mariani
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,CNRS, Unit 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Graziella Mangone
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,CNRS, Unit 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Febvre de Nailly
- INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Charbonnier-Beaupel
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,CNRS, Unit 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,CIC Neurosciences, ICM building, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47/83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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41
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Striatal norepinephrine efflux in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurochem Int 2018; 114:85-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Synaptic plasticity may underlie l-DOPA induced dyskinesia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 48:71-78. [PMID: 29125979 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
l-DOPA provides highly effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, but l-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID) is a very debilitating response that eventually is presented by a majority of patients. A central issue in understanding the basis of LID is whether it is due to a response to chronic l-DOPA over years of therapy, and/or due to synaptic changes that follow the loss of dopaminergic neurotransmission and then triggered by acute l-DOPA administration. We review recent work that suggests that specific synaptic changes in the D1 dopamine receptor-expressing direct pathway striatal projection neurons due to loss of dopamine in Parkinson's disease are responsible for LID. Chronic l-DOPA may nevertheless modulate LID through priming mechanisms.
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Antidyskinetic Treatment with MTEP Affects Multiple Molecular Pathways in the Parkinsonian Striatum. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 2017:5798734. [PMID: 29209553 PMCID: PMC5682907 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5798734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum. Standard treatment is still focused on the restoration of dopamine with exogenous L-Dopa, which however causes L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Several studies have shown that antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 alleviates LID, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. We set out to determine where this alleviation may depend on restoring the equilibrium between the two main striatofugal pathways. For this purpose, we examined molecular markers of direct and indirect pathway involvement (prodynorphin and proenkephalin, resp.) in a rat model of LID treated with the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP. Our results show that MTEP cotreatment significantly attenuates the upregulation of prodynorphin mRNA induced by L-Dopa while also decreasing the expression levels of proenkephalin mRNA. We also examined markers of the mGluR5-related PKC/MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, finding that both the expression of PKC epsilon and the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK1/2 had decreased significantly in the MTEP-treated group. Taken together, our results show that pharmacological antagonism of mGluR5 normalizes several abnormal molecular responses in the striatum in this experimental model of LID.
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Differential effects of levodopa and apomorphine on neuronal population oscillations in the cortico-basal ganglia loop circuit in vivo in experimental parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:122-133. [PMID: 28893517 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily based on two classes of drugs: dopamine precursors, namely levodopa, and dopamine receptor agonists, such as apomorphine. Although both types of agents exert their beneficial clinical effects on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD via dopamine receptors, clinical efficiency and side effects differ substantially between levodopa and apomorphine. Levodopa can provide a greater symptomatic relief than dopamine receptor agonists. However, because long-term levodopa use is associated with early debilitating motor fluctuations, dopamine receptor agonists are often recommended in younger patients. The pharmacodynamic basis of these profound differences is incompletely understood. It has been hypothesized that levodopa and dopamine receptor agonists may have diverging effects on beta and gamma oscillations that have been shown to be of importance for the pathophysiology of PD. Here, we used electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized dopamine-intact and dopamine-depleted rats to systemically compare the impact of levodopa or apomorphine on neuronal population oscillations in three nodes of the cortico-basal ganglia loop circuit. Our results showed that levodopa had a higher potency than apomorphine to suppress the abnormal beta oscillations often associated with bradykinesia while simultaneously enhancing the gamma oscillations often associated with increased movement. Our data suggests that the higher clinical efficacy of levodopa as well as some of its side effects, as e.g. dyskinesias may be based on its characteristic ability to modulate beta-/gamma-oscillation dynamics in the cortico-basal ganglia loop circuit.
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45
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Sanjari Moghaddam H, Zare-Shahabadi A, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Neurotransmission systems in Parkinson’s disease. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:509-536. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is histologically characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein particles, known as Lewy bodies. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder, PD is widely known because of the typical motor manifestations of active tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, while several prodromal non-motor symptoms including REM sleep behavior disorders, depression, autonomic disturbances, and cognitive decline are being more extensively recognized. Motor symptoms most commonly arise from synucleinopathy of nigrostriatal pathway. Glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid neurotransmission systems are not spared from the global cerebral neurodegenerative assault. Wide intrabasal and extrabasal of the basal ganglia provide enough justification to evaluate network circuits disturbance of these neurotransmission systems in PD. In this comprehensive review, English literature in PubMed, Science direct, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were perused. Characteristics of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems, disturbance of these neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of PD, and their treatment applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Shahabadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
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Leinartaité L, Svenningsson P. Folding Underlies Bidirectional Role of GPR37/Pael-R in Parkinson Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28629580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since conformational flexibility, which is required for the function of a protein, comes at the expense of structural stability, many proteins, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are under constant risk of misfolding and aggregation. In this regard GPR37 (also named PAEL-R and ETBR-LP-1) takes a prominent role, particularly in relation to Parkinson disease (PD). GPR37 is a substrate for parkin and accumulates abnormally in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, contributing to endoplasmic reticulum stress and death of dopaminergic neurons. GPR37 also constitutes a core structure of Lewy bodies, demonstrating a more general involvement in PD pathology. However, if folded and matured properly, GPR37 seems to be neuroprotective. Moreover, GPR37 modulates functionality of the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D2 receptor and stimulates dopamine neurotransmission. Here we review the multiple roles of GPR37 with relevance to potential disease modification and symptomatic therapies of PD and highlight unsolved issues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Leinartaité
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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47
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Mesoporous hydroxyapatite as a carrier of olanzapine for long-acting antidepression treatment in rats with induced depression. J Control Release 2017; 255:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Zeiss CJ, Allore HG, Beck AP. Established patterns of animal study design undermine translation of disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171790. [PMID: 28182759 PMCID: PMC5300282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of disease-modifying therapies in neurodegenerative disease has been disappointing. Parkinson's disease (PD) was used to compare patterns of preclinical study design for symptomatic and potentially disease-modifying interventions. We examined the relationship of model, intervention type and timing, outcomes and outcome measures in 543 animal and human studies (1973-2015) across a contemporary cohort of animal and human interventional studies (n = 445), animal studies for approved interventions (n = 28), animal and human studies for those that failed to translate (n = 70). Detailed study design data were collected for 216 studies in non-human primate (NHP) and rodent toxin-induced models. Species-specific patterns of study design prevailed regardless of whether interventions were symptomatic or potentially disease-modifying. In humans and NHPs, interventions were typically given to both sexes well after the PD phenotype was established, and clinical outcome measures were collected at single (symptomatic) or multiple (disease-modifying) time-points. In rodents, interventions often preceded induction of the model, acute toxic protocols were common, usually given to young males, clinical outcome measures were used less commonly, and outcomes were less commonly assessed at multiple time points. These patterns were more prevalent in mice than rats. In contrast, study design factors such as randomization and blinding did not differ appreciably across symptomatic and disease-modifying intervention categories. The translational gap for potentially disease-modifying interventions in PD in part results from study designs, particularly in mice, that fail to model the progressive nature and relatively late intervention characteristic of PD, or that anchor mechanistic and neuropathologic data to longitudinal clinical outcomes. Even if measures to improve reproducibility are broadly adopted, perpetuation of these norms will continue to impede effective translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Zeiss
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Heather G. Allore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amanda P. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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49
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Alcacer C, Andreoli L, Sebastianutto I, Jakobsson J, Fieblinger T, Cenci MA. Chemogenetic stimulation of striatal projection neurons modulates responses to Parkinson's disease therapy. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:720-734. [PMID: 28112685 DOI: 10.1172/jci90132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience loss of normal motor function (hypokinesia), but can develop uncontrollable movements known as dyskinesia upon treatment with L-DOPA. Poverty or excess of movement in PD has been attributed to overactivity of striatal projection neurons forming either the indirect (iSPNs) or the direct (dSPNs) pathway, respectively. Here, we investigated the two pathways' contribution to different motor features using SPN type-specific chemogenetic stimulation in rodent models of PD (PD mice) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID mice). Using the activatory Gq-coupled human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3Dq), we found that chemogenetic stimulation of dSPNs mimicked, while stimulation of iSPNs abolished the therapeutic action of L-DOPA in PD mice. In LID mice, hM3Dq stimulation of dSPNs exacerbated dyskinetic responses to L-DOPA, while stimulation of iSPNs inhibited these responses. In the absence of L-DOPA, only chemogenetic stimulation of dSPNs mediated through the Gs-coupled modified rat muscarinic M3 receptor (rM3Ds) induced appreciable dyskinesia in PD mice. Combining D2 receptor agonist treatment with rM3Ds-dSPN stimulation reproduced all symptoms of LID. These results demonstrate that dSPNs and iSPNs oppositely modulate both therapeutic and dyskinetic responses to dopamine replacement therapy in PD. We also show that chemogenetic stimulation of different signaling pathways in dSPNs leads to markedly different motor outcomes. Our findings have important implications for the design of effective antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic drug therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Levodopa/adverse effects
- Levodopa/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neural Pathways/metabolism
- Neural Pathways/pathology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Rats
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/agonists
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Visual Cortex/metabolism
- Visual Cortex/pathology
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50
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Wankhar W, Srinivasan S, Sundareswaran L, Wankhar D, Rajan R, Sheeladevi R. Role of Scoparia dulcis linn on noise-induced nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and neurotransmitter assessment on motor function in Wistar albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:475-481. [PMID: 28012927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise pollution is one of the most widespread and fast growing environmental and occupational menaces in the modern era. Exposure to noise above 100dB is not adaptable through the brain homeostatic mechanism. Yet, the detrimental effects of noise have often been ignored. Developing reliable animal models to understand the neurobiology of noise stress and advance our research in the field of medicine to impede this growing stressor is needed. In this study experimental animals were divided into four groups, (i) Control and (ii) S. dulcis extract (200mg/kgbw) treated control group. (iii) To mimic the influence of noise, animals in this group were exposed to noise stress (100dB/4h/day) for 15days and finally, (iv) Noise exposed treated with S. dulcis extract (200mg/kgbw) group. Rota-rod and narrow beam performance results showed impaired motor co-ordination in noise exposed group on both 1st and 15th day when compared to controls. This impaired motor function on exposure to noise could be attributed to the altered norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin levels in both the striatum and cerebellum. Moreover, the motor impaired associated changes could also be attributed to upregulated nNOS and iNOS protein expression in the cerebellum resulting in increased nitric oxide radical production. This increased reactive free radicals species can initiate lipid peroxidation mediated changes in the cerebellar Purkinje cells, which is responsible for initiating inhibitory motor response and ultimately leading to impaired motor co-ordination. Treatment with S. dulcis extract (200mg/kgbw) could control motor impairment and regulate neurotransmitter level as that of control groups when compared to noise exposed group. One key aspect of therapeutic efficacy of the plant could have resulted due to attenuated lipid peroxidation mediated damages on the cerebellar Purkinje cells thereby regulating motor impairment. Thus, targeting the antioxidant and free radicals scavenging properties of the plant could serve as a potential therapeutic to combat this environmental stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wankupar Wankhar
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Sakthivel Srinivasan
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Loganathan Sundareswaran
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Dapkupar Wankhar
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Ravindran Rajan
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Rathinasamy Sheeladevi
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India.
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