1
|
Bin JM, Suminaite D, Benito-Kwiecinski SK, Kegel L, Rubio-Brotons M, Early JJ, Soong D, Livesey MR, Poole RJ, Lyons DA. Importin 13-dependent axon diameter growth regulates conduction speeds along myelinated CNS axons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1790. [PMID: 38413580 PMCID: PMC10899189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Axon diameter influences the conduction properties of myelinated axons, both directly, and indirectly through effects on myelin. However, we have limited understanding of mechanisms controlling axon diameter growth in the central nervous system, preventing systematic dissection of how manipulating diameter affects myelination and conduction along individual axons. Here we establish zebrafish to study axon diameter. We find that importin 13b is required for axon diameter growth, but does not affect cell body size or axon length. Using neuron-specific ipo13b mutants, we assess how reduced axon diameter affects myelination and conduction, and find no changes to myelin thickness, precision of action potential propagation, or ability to sustain high frequency firing. However, increases in conduction speed that occur along single myelinated axons with development are tightly linked to their growth in diameter. This suggests that axon diameter growth is a major driver of increases in conduction speeds along myelinated axons over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenea M Bin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Daumante Suminaite
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | - Linde Kegel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maria Rubio-Brotons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jason J Early
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Daniel Soong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moya-Alvarado G, Aguirre-Soto A, Bronfman FC. Multiple Labeling of Compartmentalized Cortical Neurons in Microfluidic Chambers. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4911. [PMID: 38213323 PMCID: PMC10777054 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are complex cells with two distinct compartments: the somatodendritic and the axonal domains. Because of their polarized morphology, it is challenging to study the differential cellular and molecular mechanisms that occur in axons and impact the soma and dendrites using conventional in vitro culture systems. Compartmentalized cultures offer a solution by physically and chemically separating the axonal from the somatodendritic domain of neurons. The microfluidic chamber model presented in this work is valuable for studying these mechanisms in primary cortical cultures derived from rat and mouse. In addition, this chamber model is compatible with various microscopy methods, such as phase contrast, and fluorescence imaging of living and fixed cells. Key features • Preparation and attachment of PDMS microfluidic chambers to glass coverslips. • Primary culture of cortical neurons and plating cortical neurons in microfluidic chamber. • Confirmation of compartmentalization using the retrograde transport of the fluorescently labeled form of cholera toxin subunit B (f-Ctb). • Immunofluorescence and multilabeling of compartmentalized cortical neurons. • Retrograde transport of fluorescently labeled BDNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moya-Alvarado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, 8970117, Chile
| | - Alejandro Aguirre-Soto
- NeuroSignaling Lab (NESLab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- NeuroSignaling Lab (NESLab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wittenmayer N, Petkova-Tuffy A, Borgmeyer M, Lee C, Becker J, Böning A, Kügler S, Rhee J, Viotti JS, Dresbach T. S-SCAM is essential for synapse formation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1182493. [PMID: 38045729 PMCID: PMC10690602 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1182493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapse formation is critical for the wiring of neural circuits in the developing brain. The synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM/MAGI-2 has important roles in the assembly of signaling complexes at post-synaptic densities. However, the role of S-SCAM in establishing the entire synapse is not known. Here, we report significant effects of RNAi-induced S-SCAM knockdown on the number of synapses in early stages of network development in vitro. In vivo knockdown during the first three postnatal weeks reduced the number of dendritic spines in the rat brain neocortex. Knockdown of S-SCAM in cultured hippocampal neurons severely reduced the clustering of both pre- and post-synaptic components. This included synaptic vesicle proteins, pre- and post-synaptic scaffolding proteins, and cell adhesion molecules, suggesting that entire synapses fail to form. Correspondingly, functional and morphological characteristics of developing neurons were affected by reducing S-SCAM protein levels; neurons displayed severely impaired synaptic transmission and reduced dendritic arborization. A next-generation sequencing approach showed normal expression of housekeeping genes but changes in expression levels in 39 synaptic signaling molecules in cultured neurons. These results indicate that S-SCAM mediates the recruitment of all key classes of synaptic molecules during synapse assembly and is critical for the development of neural circuits in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wittenmayer
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Translational Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andonia Petkova-Tuffy
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Borgmeyer
- Institute for Translational Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chungku Lee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Synaptic Physiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Böning
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - JeongSeop Rhee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Synaptic Physiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julio S. Viotti
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Dresbach
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Döhner K, Serrero MC, Sodeik B. The role of nuclear pores and importins for herpes simplex virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 62:101361. [PMID: 37672874 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule transport and nuclear import are functionally connected, and the nuclear pore complex (NPC) can interact with microtubule motors. For several alphaherpesvirus proteins, nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and their interactions with specific importin-α proteins have been characterized. Here, we review recent insights on the roles of microtubule motors, capsid-associated NLSs, and importin-α proteins for capsid transport, capsid docking to NPCs, and genome release into the nucleoplasm, as well as the role of importins for nuclear viral transcription, replication, capsid assembly, genome packaging, and nuclear capsid egress. Moreover, importin-α proteins exert antiviral effects by promoting the nuclear import of transcription factors inducing the expression of interferons (IFN), cytokines, and IFN-stimulated genes, and the IFN-inducible MxB restricts capsid docking to NPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Döhner
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Manutea C Serrero
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; DZIF - German Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karpova A, Samer S, Turacak R, Yuanxiang P, Kreutz MR. Integration of nuclear Ca 2+ transients and subnuclear protein shuttling provides a novel mechanism for the regulation of CREB-dependent gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:228. [PMID: 37491479 PMCID: PMC10368568 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Ca2+ waves elicited by NMDAR and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels as well as protein transport from synapse-to-nucleus are both instrumental in control of plasticity-related gene expression. At present it is not known whether fast [Ca2+]n transients converge in the nucleus with signaling of synapto-nuclear protein messenger. Jacob is a protein that translocate a signalosome from N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) to the nucleus and that docks this signalosome to the transcription factor CREB. Here we show that the residing time of Jacob in the nucleoplasm strictly correlates with nuclear [Ca2+]n transients elicited by neuronal activity. A steep increase in [Ca2+]n induces instantaneous uncoupling of Jacob from LaminB1 at the nuclear lamina and promotes the association with the transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in hippocampal neurons. The size of the Jacob pool at the nuclear lamina is controlled by previous activity-dependent nuclear import, and thereby captures the previous history of NMDAR-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Moreover, the localization of Jacob at the nuclear lamina strongly correlates with synaptic activity and [Ca2+]n waves reflecting ongoing neuronal activity. In consequence, the resulting extension of the nuclear residing time of Jacob amplifies the capacity of the Jacob signalosome to regulate CREB-dependent gene expression and will, thereby, compensate for the relatively small number of molecules reaching the nucleus from individual synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karpova
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Samer
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rabia Turacak
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - PingAn Yuanxiang
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andres-Alonso M, Grochowska KM, Gundelfinger ED, Karpova A, Kreutz MR. Protein transport from pre- and postsynapse to the nucleus: Mechanisms and functional implications. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103854. [PMID: 37084990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The extreme length of neuronal processes poses a challenge for synapse-to-nucleus communication. In response to this challenge several different mechanisms have evolved in neurons to couple synaptic activity to the regulation of gene expression. One of these mechanisms concerns the long-distance transport of proteins from pre- and postsynaptic sites to the nucleus. In this review we summarize current evidence on mechanisms of transport and consequences of nuclear import of these proteins for gene transcription. In addition, we discuss how information from pre- and postsynaptic sites might be relayed to the nucleus by this type of long-distance signaling. When applicable, we highlight how long-distance protein transport from synapse-to-nucleus can provide insight into the pathophysiology of disease or reveal new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andres-Alonso
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grochowska
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grochowska KM, Gomes GM, Raman R, Kaushik R, Sosulina L, Kaneko H, Oelschlegel AM, Yuanxiang P, Reyes‐Resina I, Bayraktar G, Samer S, Spilker C, Woo MS, Morawski M, Goldschmidt J, Friese MA, Rossner S, Navarro G, Remy S, Reissner C, Karpova A, Kreutz MR. Jacob-induced transcriptional inactivation of CREB promotes Aβ-induced synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112453. [PMID: 36594364 PMCID: PMC9929644 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction caused by soluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is a hallmark of early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is tightly linked to cognitive decline. By yet unknown mechanisms, Aβ suppresses the transcriptional activity of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), a master regulator of cell survival and plasticity-related gene expression. Here, we report that Aβ elicits nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Jacob, a protein that connects a NMDA-receptor-derived signalosome to CREB, in AD patient brains and mouse hippocampal neurons. Aβ-regulated trafficking of Jacob induces transcriptional inactivation of CREB leading to impairment and loss of synapses in mouse models of AD. The small chemical compound Nitarsone selectively hinders the assembly of a Jacob/LIM-only 4 (LMO4)/ Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) signalosome and thereby restores CREB transcriptional activity. Nitarsone prevents impairment of synaptic plasticity as well as cognitive decline in mouse models of AD. Collectively, the data suggest targeting Jacob protein-induced CREB shutoff as a therapeutic avenue against early synaptic dysfunction in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Grochowska
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- Leibniz Group ‘Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function’, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Guilherme M Gomes
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- Center for Behavioral Brain SciencesOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
| | - Rajeev Raman
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Liudmila Sosulina
- Department of Cellular NeuroscienceLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MagdeburgGermany
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Cellular NeuroscienceLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MagdeburgGermany
| | | | - PingAn Yuanxiang
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | | | - Gonca Bayraktar
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Sebastian Samer
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Christina Spilker
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Marcel S Woo
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Molecular Imaging in NeurosciencesPaul Flechsig Institute of Brain ResearchLeipzigGermany
| | - Jürgen Goldschmidt
- Department of Systems Physiology of Learning and MemoryLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Steffen Rossner
- Molecular Imaging in NeurosciencesPaul Flechsig Institute of Brain ResearchLeipzigGermany
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food ScienceUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Stefan Remy
- Center for Behavioral Brain SciencesOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Cellular NeuroscienceLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MagdeburgGermany
| | - Carsten Reissner
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular NeurobiologyWestfälische Wilhelms‐UniversityMünsterGermany
| | - Anna Karpova
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- Center for Behavioral Brain SciencesOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG NeuroplasticityLeibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- Leibniz Group ‘Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function’, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Center for Behavioral Brain SciencesOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MagdeburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aomine Y, Sakurai K, Macpherson T, Ozawa T, Miyamoto Y, Yoneda Y, Oka M, Hikida T. Importin α3 (KPNA3) Deficiency Augments Effortful Reward-Seeking Behavior in Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:905991. [PMID: 35844217 PMCID: PMC9279672 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.905991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importin α3 (Gene: Kpna3, the ortholog of human Importin α4) is a member of the importin α family and participates in nucleocytoplasmic transport by forming trimeric complexes between cargo proteins and importin β1. Evidence from human studies has indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the KPNA3 gene are associated with the occurrence of several psychiatric disorders accompanied by abnormal reward-related behavior, including schizophrenia, major depression, and substance addiction. However, the precise roles of importin α3 in controlling reward processing and motivation are still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the behavioral effects of Kpna3 knockout (KO) in mice on performance in touchscreen operant chamber-based tasks evaluating simple (fixed-ratio) and effortful (progressive-ratio) reward-seeking behaviors. While Kpna3 KO mice showed no significant differences in operant reward learning on a fixed-ratio schedule, they demonstrated significantly increased motivation (increased break point) to instrumentally respond for sucrose on a progressive-ratio schedule. We additionally measured the number of c-Fos-positive cells, a marker of neural activity, in 20 regions of the brain and identified a network of brain regions based on their interregional correlation coefficients. Network and graph-theoretic analyses suggested that Kpna3 deficiency enhanced overall interregional functional connectivity. These findings suggest the importance of Kpna3 in motivational control and indicate that Kpna3 KO mice may be an attractive line for modeling motivational abnormalities associated with several psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiatsu Aomine
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Sakurai
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tom Macpherson
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ozawa
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- National Institutes for Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takatoshi Hikida,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan S. Endoplasmic Reticulum in Metaplasticity: From Information Processing to Synaptic Proteostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5630-5655. [PMID: 35739409 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is a Ca2+ reservoir and the unique protein-synthesizing machinery which is distributed throughout the neuron and composed of multiple different structural domains. One such domain is called EMC (endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex), pleiotropic nature in cellular functions. The ER/EMC position inside the neurons unmasks its contribution to synaptic plasticity via regulating various cellular processes from protein synthesis to Ca2+ signaling. Since presynaptic Ca2+ channels and postsynaptic ionotropic receptors are organized into the nanodomains, thus ER can be a crucial player in establishing TMNCs (transsynaptic molecular nanocolumns) to shape efficient neural communications. This review hypothesized that ER is not only involved in stress-mediated neurodegeneration but also axon regrowth, remyelination, neurotransmitter switching, information processing, and regulation of pre- and post-synaptic functions. Thus ER might not only be a protein-synthesizing and quality control machinery but also orchestrates plasticity of plasticity (metaplasticity) within the neuron to execute higher-order brain functions and neural repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumsuzzaman Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fuentes I, Morishita Y, Gonzalez-Salinas S, Champagne FA, Uchida S, Shumyatsky GP. Experience-Regulated Neuronal Signaling in Maternal Behavior. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:844295. [PMID: 35401110 PMCID: PMC8987921 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.844295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal behavior is shaped and challenged by the changing developmental needs of offspring and a broad range of environmental factors, with evidence indicating that the maternal brain exhibits a high degree of plasticity. This plasticity is displayed within cellular and molecular systems, including both intra- and intercellular signaling processes as well as transcriptional profiles. This experience-associated plasticity may have significant overlap with the mechanisms controlling memory processes, in particular those that are activity-dependent. While a significant body of work has identified various molecules and intracellular processes regulating maternal care, the role of activity- and experience-dependent processes remains unclear. We discuss recent progress in studying activity-dependent changes occurring at the synapse, in the nucleus, and during the transport between these two structures in relation to maternal behavior. Several pre- and postsynaptic molecules as well as transcription factors have been found to be critical in these processes. This role reflects the principal importance of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of memory formation to maternal and other behavioral adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Fuentes
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Frances A. Champagne
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Shusaku Uchida
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gleb P. Shumyatsky
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Gleb P. Shumyatsky
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grochowska KM, Bär J, Gomes GM, Kreutz MR, Karpova A. Jacob, a Synapto-Nuclear Protein Messenger Linking N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Activation to Nuclear Gene Expression. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:787494. [PMID: 34899262 PMCID: PMC8662305 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.787494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons exhibit a complex dendritic tree that is decorated by a huge number of spine synapses receiving excitatory input. Synaptic signals not only act locally but are also conveyed to the nucleus of the postsynaptic neuron to regulate gene expression. This raises the question of how the spatio-temporal integration of synaptic inputs is accomplished at the genomic level and which molecular mechanisms are involved. Protein transport from synapse to nucleus has been shown in several studies and has the potential to encode synaptic signals at the site of origin and decode them in the nucleus. In this review, we summarize the knowledge about the properties of the synapto-nuclear messenger protein Jacob with special emphasis on a putative role in hippocampal neuronal plasticity. We will elaborate on the interactome of Jacob, the signals that control synapto-nuclear trafficking, the mechanisms of transport, and the potential nuclear function. In addition, we will address the organization of the Jacob/NSMF gene, its origin and we will summarize the evidence for the existence of splice isoforms and their expression pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Grochowska
- Research Group (RG) Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Bär
- Research Group (RG) Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group (RG) Neuronal Protein Transport, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Group (RG) Optobiology, Institute of Biology, HU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guilherme M Gomes
- Research Group (RG) Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group (RG) Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group (RG) Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of Importin α1/KPNA1 deletion and adolescent social isolation stress on psychiatric disorder-associated behaviors in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258364. [PMID: 34767585 PMCID: PMC8589199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Importin α1/KPNA1 is a member of the Importin α family widely present in the mammalian brain and has been characterized as a regulator of neuronal differentiation, synaptic functionality, and anxiety-like behavior. In humans, a de novo mutation of the KPNA1 (human Importin α5) gene has been linked with schizophrenia; however, the precise roles of KPNA1 in disorder-related behaviors are still unknown. Moreover, as recent studies have highlighted the importance of gene-environment interactions in the development of psychiatric disorders, we investigated the effects of Kpna1 deletion and social isolation stress, a paradigm that models social stress factors found in human patients, on psychiatric disorder-related behaviors in mice. Through assessment in a behavioral battery, we found that Kpna1 knockout resulted in the following behavioral phenotype: (1) decreased anxiety-like behavior in an elevated plus maze test, (2) short term memory deficits in novel object recognition test (3) impaired sensorimotor gating in a prepulse inhibition test. Importantly, exposure to social isolation stress resulted in additional behavioral abnormalities where isolated Kpna1 knockout mice exhibited: (1) impaired aversive learning and/or memory in the inhibitory avoidance test, as well as (2) increased depression-like behavior in the forced swim test. Furthermore, we investigated whether mice showed alterations in plasma levels of stress-associated signal molecules (corticosterone, cytokines, hormones, receptors), and found that Kpna1 knockout significantly altered levels of corticosterone and LIX (CXCL5). Moreover, significant decreases in the level of prolactin were found in all groups except for group-housed wild type mice. Our findings demonstrate that Kpna1 deletion can trigger widespread behavioral abnormalities associated with psychiatric disorders, some of which were further exacerbated by exposure to adolescent social isolation. The use of Kpna1 knockout mice as a model for psychiatric disorders may show promise for further investigation of gene-environment interactions involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kiguchi N, Ko MC. Potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of opioid abuse and pain. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 93:335-371. [PMID: 35341570 PMCID: PMC10948018 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although μ-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonists are effective analgesics available in clinical settings, their serious adverse effects put limits on their use. The marked increase in abuse and misuse of prescription opioids for pain relief and opioid overdose mortality in the past decade has seriously impacted society. Therefore, safe analgesics that produce potent analgesic effects without causing MOP receptor-related adverse effects are needed. This review highlights the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of opioid abuse and pain based on available evidence generated through preclinical studies and clinical trials. To ameliorate the abuse-related effects of opioids, orexin-1 receptor antagonists and mixed nociceptin/MOP partial agonists have shown promising results in translational aspects of animal models. There are several promising non-opioid targets for selectively inhibiting pain-related responses, including nerve growth factor inhibitors, voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitors, and cannabinoid- and nociceptin-related ligands. We have also discussed several emerging and novel targets. The current medications for opioid abuse are opioid receptor-based ligands. Although neurobiological studies in rodents have discovered several non-opioid targets, there is a translational gap between rodents and primates. Given that the neuroanatomical aspects underlying opioid abuse and pain are different between rodents and primates, it is pivotal to investigate the functional profiles of these non-opioid compounds compared to those of clinically used drugs in non-human primate models before initiating clinical trials. More pharmacological studies of the functional efficacy, selectivity, and tolerability of these newly discovered compounds in non-human primates will accelerate the development of effective medications for opioid abuse and pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Panayotis N, Freund PA, Marvaldi L, Shalit T, Brandis A, Mehlman T, Tsoory MM, Fainzilber M. β-sitosterol reduces anxiety and synergizes with established anxiolytic drugs in mice. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100281. [PMID: 34095883 PMCID: PMC8149471 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and stress-related conditions represent a significant health burden in modern society. Unfortunately, most anxiolytic drugs are prone to side effects, limiting their long-term usage. Here, we employ a bioinformatics screen to identify drugs for repurposing as anxiolytics. Comparison of drug-induced gene-expression profiles with the hippocampal transcriptome of an importin α5 mutant mouse model with reduced anxiety identifies the hypocholesterolemic agent β-sitosterol as a promising candidate. β-sitosterol activity is validated by both intraperitoneal and oral application in mice, revealing it as the only clear anxiolytic from five closely related phytosterols. β-sitosterol injection reduces the effects of restraint stress, contextual fear memory, and c-Fos activation in the prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus. Moreover, synergistic anxiolysis is observed when combining sub-efficacious doses of β-sitosterol with the SSRI fluoxetine. These preclinical findings support further development of β-sitosterol, either as a standalone anxiolytic or in combination with low-dose SSRIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Panayotis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Philip A. Freund
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Letizia Marvaldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- Ilana and Pascal Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tevie Mehlman
- Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael M. Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gardoni F, Di Luca M. Protein-protein interactions at the NMDA receptor complex: From synaptic retention to synaptonuclear protein messengers. Neuropharmacology 2021; 190:108551. [PMID: 33819458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels that support essential functions throughout the brain. NMDARs are tetramers composed of the GluN1 subunit in complex with GluN2- and GluN3-type regulatory subunits, resulting in the formation of various receptor subtypes throughout the central nervous system (CNS), characterised by different kinetics, biophysical and pharmacological properties, and the abilities to interact with specific partners at dendritic spines. NMDARs are expressed at high levels, are widely distributed throughout the brain, and are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we will focus on the GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDARs found at excitatory synapses and their interactions with plasticity-relevant proteins, such as the postsynaptic density family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases (PSD-MAGUKs), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and synaptonuclear protein messengers. The dynamic interactions between NMDAR subunits and various proteins regulating synaptic receptor retention and synaptonuclear signalling mediated by protein messengers suggest that the NMDAR serves as a key molecular player that coordinates synaptic activity and cell-wide events that require gene transcription. Importantly, protein-protein interactions at the NMDAR complex can also contribute to synaptic dysfunction in several brain disorders. Therefore, the modulation of the molecular composition of the NMDAR complex might represent a novel pharmacological approach for the treatment of certain disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samer S, Raman R, Laube G, Kreutz MR, Karpova A. The nuclear lamina is a hub for the nuclear function of Jacob. Mol Brain 2021; 14:9. [PMID: 33436037 PMCID: PMC7802242 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacob is a synapto-nuclear messenger protein that couples NMDAR activity to CREB-dependent gene expression. In this study, we investigated the nuclear distribution of Jacob and report a prominent targeting to the nuclear envelope that requires NMDAR activity and nuclear import. Immunogold electron microscopy and proximity ligation assay combined with STED imaging revealed preferential association of Jacob with the inner nuclear membrane where it directly binds to LaminB1, an intermediate filament and core component of the inner nuclear membrane (INM). The association with the INM is transient; it involves a functional nuclear export signal in Jacob and a canonical CRM1-RanGTP-dependent export mechanism that defines the residing time of the protein at the INM. Taken together, the data suggest a stepwise redistribution of Jacob within the nucleus following nuclear import and prior to nuclear export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Samer
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rajeev Raman
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Laube
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto Von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Karpova
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto Von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Multi-parametric analysis of 57 SYNGAP1 variants reveal impacts on GTPase signaling, localization, and protein stability. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:148-162. [PMID: 33308442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SYNGAP1 is a neuronal Ras and Rap GTPase-activating protein with important roles in regulating excitatory synaptic plasticity. While many SYNGAP1 missense and nonsense mutations have been associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), whether and how they contribute to individual disease phenotypes is often unknown. Here, we characterize 57 variants in seven assays that examine multiple aspects of SYNGAP1 function. Specifically, we used multiplex phospho-flow cytometry to measure variant impact on protein stability, pERK, pGSK3β, pp38, pCREB, and high-content imaging to examine subcellular localization. We find variants ranging from complete loss-of-function (LoF) to wild-type (WT)-like in their regulation of pERK and pGSK3β, while all variants retain at least partial ability to dephosphorylate pCREB. Interestingly, our assays reveal that a larger proportion of variants located within the disordered domain of unknown function (DUF) comprising the C-terminal half of SYNGAP1 exhibited higher LoF, compared to variants within the better studied catalytic domain. Moreover, we find protein instability to be a major contributor to dysfunction for only two missense variants, both located within the catalytic domain. Using high-content imaging, we find variants located within the C2 domain known to mediate membrane lipid interactions exhibit significantly larger cytoplasmic speckles than WT SYNGAP1. Moreover, this subcellular phenotype shows both correlation with altered catalytic activity and unique deviation from signaling assay results, highlighting multiple independent molecular mechanisms underlying variant dysfunction. Our multidimensional dataset allows clustering of variants based on functional phenotypes and provides high-confidence, multi-functional measures for making pathogenicity predictions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Marvaldi L, Panayotis N, Alber S, Dagan SY, Okladnikov N, Koppel I, Di Pizio A, Song DA, Tzur Y, Terenzio M, Rishal I, Gordon D, Rother F, Hartmann E, Bader M, Fainzilber M. Importin α3 regulates chronic pain pathways in peripheral sensory
neurons. Science 2020; 369:842-846. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
How is neuropathic pain regulated in peripheral sensory neurons?
Importins are key regulators of nucleocytoplasmic transport. In this study,
we found that importin α3 (also known as karyopherin subunit alpha 4) can
control pain responsiveness in peripheral sensory neurons in mice. Importin
α3 knockout or sensory neuron–specific knockdown in mice reduced
responsiveness to diverse noxious stimuli and increased tolerance to
neuropathic pain. Importin α3–bound c-Fos and importin α3–deficient neurons
were impaired in c-Fos nuclear import. Knockdown or dominant-negative
inhibition of c-Fos or c-Jun in sensory neurons reduced neuropathic pain. In
silico screens identified drugs that mimic importin α3 deficiency. These
drugs attenuated neuropathic pain and reduced c-Fos nuclear localization.
Thus, perturbing c-Fos nuclear import by importin α3 in peripheral neurons
can promote analgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Marvaldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nicolas Panayotis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Stefanie Alber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shachar Y. Dagan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nataliya Okladnikov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Indrek Koppel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Agostina Di Pizio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Didi-Andreas Song
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yarden Tzur
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Marco Terenzio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Ida Rishal
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dalia Gordon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Franziska Rother
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Structural and Cellular Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Hartmann
- Center for Structural and Cellular Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Structural and Cellular Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Neuronal Maturation: Challenges and Opportunities in a Nascent Field. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:360-362. [PMID: 32459989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
After its initial development, the nervous system matures to connect and shape the neuronal circuitry and to keep it functional in humans for decades. Here we conceptualize neuronal maturation as a research field that will have, we would argue, a strong impact on understanding the healthy and diseased nervous system. Identifying the key mechanisms underlying neuronal maturation has the potential to reverse this process in adulthood, thereby facilitating regeneration.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wild AR, Sinnen BL, Dittmer PJ, Kennedy MJ, Sather WA, Dell'Acqua ML. Synapse-to-Nucleus Communication through NFAT Is Mediated by L-type Ca 2+ Channel Ca 2+ Spike Propagation to the Soma. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3537-3550.e4. [PMID: 30917310 PMCID: PMC6521872 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term information storage in the brain requires continual modification of the neuronal transcriptome. Synaptic inputs located hundreds of micrometers from the nucleus can regulate gene transcription, requiring high-fidelity, long-range signaling from synapses in dendrites to the nucleus in the cell soma. Here, we describe a synapse-to-nucleus signaling mechanism for the activity-dependent transcription factor NFAT. NMDA receptors activated on distal dendrites were found to initiate L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) spikes that quickly propagated the length of the dendrite to the soma. Surprisingly, LTCC propagation did not require voltage-gated Na+ channels or back-propagating action potentials. NFAT nuclear recruitment and transcriptional activation only occurred when LTCC spikes invaded the somatic compartment, and the degree of NFAT activation correlated with the number of somatic LTCC Ca2+ spikes. Together, these data support a model for synapse to nucleus communication where NFAT integrates somatic LTCC Ca2+ spikes to alter transcription during periods of heightened neuronal activity. Signaling from synapse to nucleus can alter transcription and consolidate long-term changes in neuronal function. Wild et al. uncover a mechanism for rapid long-distance signaling from distal dendrites to the nucleus that utilizes L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel Ca2+ spikes to activate the transcription factor NFAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Wild
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke L Sinnen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Philip J Dittmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William A Sather
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The NMDA subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor is a sophisticated integrator and transducer of information. NMDAR-mediated signals control diverse processes across the life course, including synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, as well as contribute to excitotoxic processes in neurological disorders. At the basic biophysical level, the NMDAR is a coincidence detector, requiring the co-presence of agonist, co-agonist, and membrane depolarization in order to open. However, the NMDAR is not merely a conduit for ions to flow through; it is linked on the cytoplasmic side to a large network of signaling and scaffolding proteins, primarily via the C-terminal domain of NMDAR GluN2 subunits. These physical interactions help to organize the signaling cascades downstream of NMDAR activation. Notably, the NMDAR does not come in a single form: the subunit composition of the NMDAR, particularly the GluN2 subunit subtype (GluN2A-D), influences the biophysical properties of the channel. Moreover, a growing number of studies have illuminated the extent to which GluN2 C-terminal interactions vary according to GluN2 subtype and how this impacts on the processes that NMDAR activity controls. We will review recent advances, controversies, and outstanding questions in this active area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giles Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hutten S, Dormann D. Nucleocytoplasmic transport defects in neurodegeneration — Cause or consequence? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 99:151-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
23
|
Synaptic GluN2A-Containing NMDA Receptors: From Physiology to Pathological Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041538. [PMID: 32102377 PMCID: PMC7073220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate-gated receptors. NMDARs are tetramers composed by several homologous subunits of GluN1-, GluN2-, or GluN3-type, leading to the existence in the central nervous system of a high variety of receptor subtypes with different pharmacological and signaling properties. NMDAR subunit composition is strictly regulated during development and by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Given the differences between GluN2 regulatory subunits of NMDAR in several functions, here we will focus on the synaptic pool of NMDARs containing the GluN2A subunit, addressing its role in both physiology and pathological synaptic plasticity as well as the contribution in these events of different types of GluN2A-interacting proteins.
Collapse
|
24
|
Corradi E, Dalla Costa I, Gavoci A, Iyer A, Roccuzzo M, Otto TA, Oliani E, Bridi S, Strohbuecker S, Santos-Rodriguez G, Valdembri D, Serini G, Abreu-Goodger C, Baudet ML. Axonal precursor miRNAs hitchhike on endosomes and locally regulate the development of neural circuits. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102513. [PMID: 32073171 PMCID: PMC7073465 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various species of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are enriched in specific subcellular compartments, but the mechanisms orchestrating their localization and their local functions remain largely unknown. We investigated both aspects using the elongating retinal ganglion cell axon and its tip, the growth cone, as models. We reveal that specific endogenous precursor microRNAs (pre‐miRNAs) are actively trafficked to distal axons by hitchhiking primarily on late endosomes/lysosomes. Upon exposure to the axon guidance cue semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), pre‐miRNAs are processed specifically within axons into newly generated miRNAs, one of which, in turn, silences the basal translation of tubulin beta 3 class III (TUBB3), but not amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). At the organismal level, these mature miRNAs are required for growth cone steering and a fully functional visual system. Overall, our results uncover a novel mode of ncRNA transport from one cytosolic compartment to another within polarized cells. They also reveal that newly generated miRNAs are critical components of a ncRNA‐based signaling pathway that transduces environmental signals into the structural remodeling of subcellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloina Corradi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Irene Dalla Costa
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Antoneta Gavoci
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Archana Iyer
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michela Roccuzzo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Tegan A Otto
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Eleonora Oliani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Simone Bridi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Stephanie Strohbuecker
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Valdembri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Marie-Laure Baudet
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Importin α5 Regulates Anxiety through MeCP2 and Sphingosine Kinase 1. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3169-3179.e7. [PMID: 30540948 PMCID: PMC6302549 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Importins mediate transport from synapse to soma and from cytoplasm to nucleus, suggesting that perturbation of importin-dependent pathways should have significant neuronal consequences. A behavioral screen on five importin α knockout lines revealed that reduced expression of importin α5 (KPNA1) in hippocampal neurons specifically decreases anxiety in mice. Re-expression of importin α5 in ventral hippocampus of knockout animals increased anxiety behaviors to wild-type levels. Hippocampal neurons lacking importin α5 reveal changes in presynaptic plasticity and modified expression of MeCP2-regulated genes, including sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1). Knockout of importin α5, but not importin α3 or α4, reduces MeCP2 nuclear localization in hippocampal neurons. A Sphk1 blocker reverses anxiolysis in the importin α5 knockout mouse, while pharmacological activation of sphingosine signaling has robust anxiolytic effects in wild-type animals. Thus, importin α5 influences sphingosine-sensitive anxiety pathways by regulating MeCP2 nuclear import in hippocampal neurons. Reduced expression of importin α5 in hippocampal neurons decreases anxiety Importin α5 is required for nuclear localization of MeCP2 in hippocampal neurons Importin α5 knockout increases expression of Sphk1, an MeCP2-regulated gene Pharmacological modulation of Sphk1 and the S1P receptor affects anxiety
Collapse
|
26
|
Otamendi A, Perez-de-Nanclares-Arregi E, Oiartzabal-Arano E, Cortese MS, Espeso EA, Etxebeste O. Developmental regulators FlbE/D orchestrate the polarity site-to-nucleus dynamics of the fungal bZIP transcription factor FlbB. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4369-4390. [PMID: 31065746 PMCID: PMC11105705 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Permanently polarized cells have developed transduction mechanisms linking polarity sites with gene regulation in the nucleus. In neurons, one mechanism is based on long-distance retrograde migration of transcription factors (TFs). Aspergillus nidulans FlbB is the only known fungal TF shown to migrate retrogradely to nuclei from the polarized region of fungal cells known as hyphae. There, FlbB controls developmental transitions by triggering the production of asexual multicellular structures. FlbB dynamics in hyphae is orchestrated by regulators FlbE and FlbD. At least three FlbE domains are involved in the acropetal transport of FlbB, with a final MyoE/actin filament-dependent step from the subapex to the apex. Experiments employing a T2A viral peptide-containing chimera (FlbE::mRFP::T2A::FlbB::GFP) suggest that apical FlbB/FlbE interaction is inhibited to initiate a dynein-dependent FlbB transport to nuclei. FlbD controls the nuclear accumulation of FlbB through a cMyb domain and a C-terminal LxxLL motif. Overall, results elucidate a highly dynamic pattern of FlbB interactions, which enable timely developmental induction. Furthermore, this system establishes a reference for TF-based long-distance signaling in permanently polarized cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Otamendi
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elixabet Perez-de-Nanclares-Arregi
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elixabet Oiartzabal-Arano
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marc S Cortese
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eduardo A Espeso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oier Etxebeste
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The NMDA subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor is a sophisticated integrator and transducer of information. NMDAR-mediated signals control diverse processes across the life course, including synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, as well as contribute to excitotoxic processes in neurological disorders. At the basic biophysical level, the NMDAR is a coincidence detector, requiring the co-presence of agonist, co-agonist, and membrane depolarization in order to open. However, the NMDAR is not merely a conduit for ions to flow through; it is linked on the cytoplasmic side to a large network of signaling and scaffolding proteins, primarily via the C-terminal domain of NMDAR GluN2 subunits. These physical interactions help to organize the signaling cascades downstream of NMDAR activation. Notably, the NMDAR does not come in a single form: the subunit composition of the NMDAR, particularly the GluN2 subunit subtype (GluN2A–D), influences the biophysical properties of the channel. Moreover, a growing number of studies have illuminated the extent to which GluN2 C-terminal interactions vary according to GluN2 subtype and how this impacts on the processes that NMDAR activity controls. We will review recent advances, controversies, and outstanding questions in this active area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giles Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fawcett JW. The Struggle to Make CNS Axons Regenerate: Why Has It Been so Difficult? Neurochem Res 2019; 45:144-158. [PMID: 31388931 PMCID: PMC6942574 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Axon regeneration in the CNS is inhibited by many extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Because these act in parallel, no single intervention has been sufficient to enable full regeneration of damaged axons in the adult mammalian CNS. In the external environment, NogoA and CSPGs are strongly inhibitory to the regeneration of adult axons. CNS neurons lose intrinsic regenerative ability as they mature: embryonic but not mature neurons can grow axons for long distances when transplanted into the adult CNS, and regeneration fails with maturity in in vitro axotomy models. The causes of this loss of regeneration include partitioning of neurons into axonal and dendritic fields with many growth-related molecules directed specifically to dendrites and excluded from axons, changes in axonal signalling due to changes in expression and localization of receptors and their ligands, changes in local translation of proteins in axons, and changes in cytoskeletal dynamics after injury. Also with neuronal maturation come epigenetic changes in neurons, with many of the transcription factor binding sites that drive axon growth-related genes becoming inaccessible. The overall aim for successful regeneration is to ensure that the right molecules are expressed after axotomy and to arrange for them to be transported to the right place in the neuron, including the damaged axon tip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Fawcett
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
- Centre of Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Parra-Damas A, Saura CA. Synapse-to-Nucleus Signaling in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:87-96. [PMID: 30846302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synapse-to-nucleus signaling is critical for converting signals received at synapses into transcriptional programs essential for cognition, memory, and emotion. This neuronal mechanism usually involves activity-dependent translocation of synaptonuclear factors from synapses to the nucleus resulting in regulation of transcriptional programs underlying synaptic plasticity. Acting as synapse-to-nucleus messengers, amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain associated-1 protein, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator-1, Jacob, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, RING finger protein 10, and SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 play essential roles in synapse remodeling and plasticity, which are considered the cellular basis of memory. Other synaptic proteins, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma, and CREB2, translocate from dendrites or cytosol to the nucleus upon synaptic activity, suggesting that they could contribute to synapse-to-nucleus signaling. Notably, some synaptonuclear factors converge on the transcription factor CREB, indicating that CREB signaling is a key hub mediating integration of synaptic signals into transcriptional programs required for neuronal function and plasticity. Although major efforts have been focused on identification and regulatory mechanisms of synaptonuclear factors, the relevance of synapse-to-nucleus communication in brain physiology and pathology is still unclear. Recent evidence, however, indicates that synaptonuclear factors are implicated in neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting that uncoupling synaptic activity from nuclear signaling may prompt synapse pathology, contributing to a broad spectrum of brain disorders. This review summarizes current knowledge of synapse-to-nucleus signaling in neuron survival, synaptic function and plasticity, and memory. Finally, we discuss how altered synapse-to-nucleus signaling may lead to memory and emotional disturbances, which is relevant for clinical and therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Parra-Damas
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Saura
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sachse SM, Lievens S, Ribeiro LF, Dascenco D, Masschaele D, Horré K, Misbaer A, Vanderroost N, De Smet AS, Salta E, Erfurth ML, Kise Y, Nebel S, Van Delm W, Plaisance S, Tavernier J, De Strooper B, De Wit J, Schmucker D. Nuclear import of the DSCAM-cytoplasmic domain drives signaling capable of inhibiting synapse formation. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.201899669. [PMID: 30745319 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DSCAM and DSCAML1 are immunoglobulin and cell adhesion-type receptors serving important neurodevelopmental functions including control of axon growth, branching, neurite self-avoidance, and neuronal cell death. The signal transduction mechanisms or effectors of DSCAM receptors, however, remain poorly characterized. We used a human ORFeome library to perform a high-throughput screen in mammalian cells and identified novel cytoplasmic signaling effector candidates including the Down syndrome kinase Dyrk1a, STAT3, USP21, and SH2D2A. Unexpectedly, we also found that the intracellular domains (ICDs) of DSCAM and DSCAML1 specifically and directly interact with IPO5, a nuclear import protein of the importin beta family, via a conserved nuclear localization signal. The DSCAM ICD is released by γ-secretase-dependent cleavage, and both the DSCAM and DSCAML1 ICDs efficiently translocate to the nucleus. Furthermore, RNA sequencing confirms that expression of the DSCAM as well as the DSCAML1 ICDs alone can profoundly alter the expression of genes associated with neuronal differentiation and apoptosis, as well as synapse formation and function. Gain-of-function experiments using primary cortical neurons show that increasing the levels of either the DSCAM or the DSCAML1 ICD leads to an impairment of neurite growth. Strikingly, increased expression of either full-length DSCAM or the DSCAM ICD, but not the DSCAML1 ICD, significantly decreases synapse numbers in primary hippocampal neurons. Taken together, we identified a novel membrane-to-nucleus signaling mechanism by which DSCAM receptors can alter the expression of regulators of neuronal differentiation and synapse formation and function. Considering that chromosomal duplications lead to increased DSCAM expression in trisomy 21, our findings may help uncover novel mechanisms contributing to intellectual disability in Down syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Sachse
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Lievens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luís F Ribeiro
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dan Dascenco
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Delphine Masschaele
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Horré
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Misbaer
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Vanderroost
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Sophie De Smet
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evgenia Salta
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Yoshiaki Kise
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siegfried Nebel
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joris De Wit
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Schmucker
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium .,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhou L, Duan J. The C-terminus of NMDAR GluN1-1a Subunit Translocates to Nucleus and Regulates Synaptic Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:334. [PMID: 30333730 PMCID: PMC6176477 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDARs, the Ca2+ permeable channels, play central roles in synaptic plasticity, brain development, learning, and memory. NMDAR binding partners and associated signaling has been extensively studied in synapse-to-nucleus communications. However, whether NMDARs could directly regulate synapse-to-nucleus communications is largely unknown. Here, we analyze the four alternative splicing of the C-terminus isoforms of GluN1 (1a, 2a, 3a, and 4a), and find that C1 domain of GluN1 is necessary for nuclear localization. Besides, we find that the 10 basic amino acids in C1 domain determine the nuclear localization of GluN1 C-terminus. Further investigating the expression patterns of the full length of GluN1 four isoforms shows that only GluN-1a exhibits the cytoplasmic and nucleus distribution in primary hippocampal neurons. Electrophysiological analyses also show that over-expression of GluN1 C-terminus without C1 domain doesn't affect synaptic transmission, whereas GluN1 C-terminus containing C1 domain potentiates NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission. Our data suggested that the 10 basic amino acids in C1 domain determine translocation of GluN1 C-terminus into nucleus and regulate synaptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Calmodulin shuttling mediates cytonuclear signaling to trigger experience-dependent transcription and memory. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2451. [PMID: 29934532 PMCID: PMC6015085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory depend on neuronal plasticity originating at the synapse and requiring nuclear gene expression to persist. However, how synapse-to-nucleus communication supports long-term plasticity and behavior has remained elusive. Among cytonuclear signaling proteins, γCaMKII stands out in its ability to rapidly shuttle Ca2+/CaM to the nucleus and thus activate CREB-dependent transcription. Here we show that elimination of γCaMKII prevents activity-dependent expression of key genes (BDNF, c-Fos, Arc), inhibits persistent synaptic strengthening, and impairs spatial memory in vivo. Deletion of γCaMKII in adult excitatory neurons exerts similar effects. A point mutation in γCaMKII, previously uncovered in a case of intellectual disability, selectively disrupts CaM sequestration and CaM shuttling. Remarkably, this mutation is sufficient to disrupt gene expression and spatial learning in vivo. Thus, this specific form of cytonuclear signaling plays a key role in learning and memory and contributes to neuropsychiatric disease. Activity-dependent gene expression is thought to involve translocation of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) to the nucleus. Here, the authors examine a translocation-deficient mutant of γCaMKII, a Ca2+/CaM shuttle protein, to show that translocation of Ca2+/CaM is required for memory and synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Liao EH, Gray L, Tsurudome K, El-Mounzer W, Elazzouzi F, Baim C, Farzin S, Calderon MR, Kauwe G, Haghighi AP. Kinesin Khc-73/KIF13B modulates retrograde BMP signaling by influencing endosomal dynamics at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007184. [PMID: 29373576 PMCID: PMC5802963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde signaling is essential for neuronal growth, function and survival; however, we know little about how signaling endosomes might be directed from synaptic terminals onto retrograde axonal pathways. We have identified Khc-73, a plus-end directed microtubule motor protein, as a regulator of sorting of endosomes in Drosophila larval motor neurons. The number of synaptic boutons and the amount of neurotransmitter release at the Khc-73 mutant larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) are normal, but we find a significant decrease in the number of presynaptic release sites. This defect in Khc-73 mutant larvae can be genetically enhanced by a partial genetic loss of Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) signaling or suppressed by activation of BMP signaling in motoneurons. Consistently, activation of BMP signaling that normally enhances the accumulation of phosphorylated form of BMP transcription factor Mad in the nuclei, can be suppressed by genetic removal of Khc-73. Using a number of assays including live imaging in larval motor neurons, we show that loss of Khc-73 curbs the ability of retrograde-bound endosomes to leave the synaptic area and join the retrograde axonal pathway. Our findings identify Khc-73 as a regulator of endosomal traffic at the synapse and modulator of retrograde BMP signaling in motoneurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Liao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Gray
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Kazuya Tsurudome
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Fatima Elazzouzi
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher Baim
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Farzin
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mario R. Calderon
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Grant Kauwe
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - A. Pejmun Haghighi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wild AR, Dell'Acqua ML. Potential for therapeutic targeting of AKAP signaling complexes in nervous system disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 185:99-121. [PMID: 29262295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A common feature of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders is a breakdown in the integrity of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Dysregulation of ion channels and receptors in the cell membrane and the enzymatic mediators that link them to intracellular effectors can lead to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. However, therapeutic targeting of these ubiquitous signaling elements can lead to off-target side effects due to their widespread expression in multiple systems of the body. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are multivalent scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize a diverse range of receptor and effector proteins to streamline signaling within nanodomain signalosomes. A number of essential neurological processes are known to critically depend on AKAP-directed signaling and an understanding of the role AKAPs play in nervous system disorders has emerged in recent years. Selective targeting of AKAP protein-protein interactions may be a means to uncouple pathologically active signaling pathways in neurological disorders with a greater degree of specificity. In this review we will discuss the role of AKAPs in both regulating normal nervous system function and dysfunction associated with disease, and the potential for therapeutic targeting of AKAP signaling complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Wild
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Etxebeste O, Espeso EA. Neurons show the path: tip-to-nucleus communication in filamentous fungal development and pathogenesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 40:610-24. [PMID: 27587717 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple fungal species penetrate substrates and accomplish host invasion through the fast, permanent and unidirectional extension of filamentous cells known as hyphae. Polar growth of hyphae results, however, in a significant increase in the distance between the polarity site, which also receives the earliest information about ambient conditions, and nuclei, where adaptive responses are executed. Recent studies demonstrate that these long distances are overcome by signal transduction pathways which convey sensory information from the polarity site to nuclei, controlling development and pathogenesis. The present review compares the striking connections of the mechanisms for long-distance communication in hyphae with those from neurons, and discusses the importance of their study in order to understand invasion and dissemination processes of filamentous fungi, and design strategies for developmental control in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oier Etxebeste
- Biochemistry II laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eduardo A Espeso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Terenzio M, Schiavo G, Fainzilber M. Compartmentalized Signaling in Neurons: From Cell Biology to Neuroscience. Neuron 2017; 96:667-679. [PMID: 29096079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the largest known cells, with complex and highly polarized morphologies. As such, neuronal signaling is highly compartmentalized, requiring sophisticated transfer mechanisms to convey and integrate information within and between sub-neuronal compartments. Here, we survey different modes of compartmentalized signaling in neurons, highlighting examples wherein the fundamental cell biological processes of protein synthesis and degradation, membrane trafficking, and organelle transport are employed to enable the encoding and integration of information, locally and globally within a neuron. Comparisons to other cell types indicate that neurons accentuate widely shared mechanisms, providing invaluable models for the compartmentalization and transfer mechanisms required and used by most eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Terenzio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Structure of the ZMYND8/Drebrin Complex Suggests a Cytoplasmic Sequestering Mechanism of ZMYND8 by Drebrin. Structure 2017; 25:1657-1666.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
McQueen J, Ryan TJ, McKay S, Marwick K, Baxter P, Carpanini SM, Wishart TM, Gillingwater TH, Manson JC, Wyllie DJA, Grant SGN, McColl BW, Komiyama NH, Hardingham GE. Pro-death NMDA receptor signaling is promoted by the GluN2B C-terminus independently of Dapk1. eLife 2017; 6:e17161. [PMID: 28731405 PMCID: PMC5544426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity contributes to several neurological disorders, but direct antagonism is poorly tolerated therapeutically. The GluN2B cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (CTD) represents an alternative therapeutic target since it potentiates excitotoxic signaling. The key GluN2B CTD-centred event in excitotoxicity is proposed to involve its phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by Dapk1, that is blocked by a neuroprotective cell-permeable peptide mimetic of the region. Contrary to this model, we find that excitotoxicity can proceed without increased Ser-1303 phosphorylation, and is unaffected by Dapk1 deficiency in vitro or following ischemia in vivo. Pharmacological analysis of the aforementioned neuroprotective peptide revealed that it acts in a sequence-independent manner as an open-channel NMDAR antagonist at or near the Mg2+ site, due to its high net positive charge. Thus, GluN2B-driven excitotoxic signaling can proceed independently of Dapk1 or altered Ser-1303 phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McQueen
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sean McKay
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Marwick
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Baxter
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah M Carpanini
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Wishart
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jean C Manson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J A Wyllie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- nPAD MRC Mouse consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Uchida S, Shumyatsky GP. Synaptically Localized Transcriptional Regulators in Memory Formation. Neuroscience 2017; 370:4-13. [PMID: 28733211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
At the neuronal cell level, long-term memory formation emerges from interactions between initial activity-dependent molecular changes at the synapse and subsequent regulation of gene transcription in the nucleus. This in turn leads to strengthening of the connections back at the synapse that received the initial signal. However, the mechanisms through which this synapse-to-nucleus molecular exchange occurs remain poorly understood. Here we discuss recent studies that delineate nucleocytoplasmic transport of a special class of synaptically localized transcriptional regulators that upon receiving initial external signal by the synapse move to the nucleus to modulate gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Uchida
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Gleb P Shumyatsky
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Her LS, Mao SH, Chang CY, Cheng PH, Chang YF, Yang HI, Chen CM, Yang SH. miR-196a Enhances Neuronal Morphology through Suppressing RANBP10 to Provide Neuroprotection in Huntington's Disease. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2452-2462. [PMID: 28744327 PMCID: PMC5525749 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in several neurobiological processes, including the development and progression of diseases. Previously, we identified that one specific miRNA, miR-196a, provides neuroprotective effects on Huntington's disease (HD), although the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Based on our bioinformatic analyses, we hypothesize miR-196a might offer neuroprotective functions through improving cytoskeletons of brain cells. Here, we show that miR-196a could enhance neuronal morphology, further ameliorating intracellular transport, synaptic plasticity, neuronal activity, and learning and memory abilities. Additionally, we found that miR-196a could suppress the expression of RAN binding protein 10 (RANBP10) through binding to its 3' untranslated region, and higher expression of RANBP10 exacerbates neuronal morphology and intracellular transport. Furthermore, miR-196a enhances neuronal morphology through suppressing RANBP10 and increasing the ability of β-tubulin polymerization. Most importantly, we observed higher expression of RANBP10 in the brains of HD transgenic mice, and higher expression of RANBP10 might exacerbate the pathological aggregates in HD. Taken together, we provide evidence that enhancement of neuronal morphology through RANBP10 is one of the neuroprotective mechanisms for miR-196a. Since miR-196a has also been reported in other neuronal diseases, this study might offer insights with regard to the therapeutic use of miR-196a in other neuronal diseases.
Collapse
|
41
|
Regulated transport of signaling proteins from synapse to nucleus. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:78-84. [PMID: 28502891 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synapse-to-nucleus communication is essential for neural development, plasticity, and repair. In addition to fast electrochemical signaling, neurons employ a slower mechanism of protein transport from synapse-to-nucleus. This mechanism provides potential advantages, including the encoding of spatial information. Many synaptonuclear signaling proteins are transported from the postsynaptic compartment to the nucleus in an activity-dependent manner. The phosphorylation state of two such proteins, CRTC1 and Jacob, is dependent on the stimulus type. While most studies have focused on postsynaptic synaptonuclear communication, a transcriptional co-repressor, CtBP1, was recently discovered to undergo activity-dependent translocation from the presynaptic compartment to the nucleus. Recent evidence indicates that synapse-to-nucleus communication could be cell type-specific, including the identification of a distinct mechanism of excitation-transcription coupling in inhibitory neurons.
Collapse
|
42
|
Donlin-Asp PG, Rossoll W, Bassell GJ. Spatially and temporally regulating translation via mRNA-binding proteins in cellular and neuronal function. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1508-1525. [PMID: 28295262 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of mRNA localization and local translation are essential steps in cellular asymmetry and function. It is increasingly evident that mRNA-binding proteins play critical functions in controlling the fate of mRNA, including when and where translation occurs. In this review, we discuss the robust and complex roles that mRNA-binding proteins play in the regulation of local translation that impact cellular function in vertebrates. First, we discuss the role of local translation in cellular polarity and possible links to vertebrate development and patterning. Next, we discuss the expanding role for local protein synthesis in neuronal development and function, with special focus on how a number of neurological diseases have given us insight into the importance of translational regulation. Finally, we discuss the ever-increasing set of tools to study regulated translation and how these tools will be vital in pushing forward and addressing the outstanding questions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yu Y, Oberlaender K, Bengtson CP, Bading H. One nuclear calcium transient induced by a single burst of action potentials represents the minimum signal strength in activity-dependent transcription in hippocampal neurons. Cell Calcium 2017; 65:14-21. [PMID: 28325690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurons undergo dramatic changes in their gene expression profiles in response to synaptic stimulation. The coupling of neuronal excitation to gene transcription is well studied and is mediated by signaling pathways activated by cytoplasmic and nuclear calcium transients. Despite this, the minimum synaptic activity required to induce gene expression remains unknown. To address this, we used cultured hippocampal neurons and cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH) that allows detection of nascent transcripts in the cell nucleus. We found that a single burst of action potentials, consisting of 24.4±5.1 action potentials during a 6.7±1.9s depolarization of 19.5±2.0mV causing a 9.3±0.9s somatic calcium transient, is sufficient to activate transcription of the immediate early gene arc (also known as Arg3.1). The total arc mRNA yield produced after a single burst-induced nuclear calcium transient was very small and, compared to unstimulated control neurons, did not lead to a significant increase in arc mRNA levels measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) of cell lysates. Significantly increased arc mRNA levels became detectable in hippocampal neurons that had undergone 5-8 consecutive burst-induced nuclear calcium transients at 0.05-0.15Hz. These results indicate that a single burst-induced nuclear calcium transient can activate gene expression and that transcription is rapidly shut off after synaptic stimulation has ceased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kristin Oberlaender
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - C Peter Bengtson
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li LS, Lu YL, Nie J, Xu YY, Zhang W, Yang WJ, Gong QH, Lu YF, Lu Y, Shi JS. Dendrobium nobile Lindl alkaloid, a novel autophagy inducer, protects against axonal degeneration induced by Aβ 25-35 in hippocampus neurons in vitro. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:329-340. [PMID: 28261990 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Axonal degeneration is a pathological symbol in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which can be triggered by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition. Growing evidence indicates that deficit of autophagy eventually leads to the axonal degeneration. Our previous studies have shown that Dendrobium nobile Lindl alkaloid (DNLA) had protective effect on neuron impairment in vivo and in vitro; however, the underlying mechanisms is still unclear. METHODS We exposed cultured hippocampus neurons to Aβ25-35 to investigate the effect of DNLA in vitro. Axonal degeneration was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and MTT assay. Neurons overexpressing GFP-LC3B were used to measure the formation of autophagosome. Autophagosome-lysosome fusion, the lysosomal pH, and cathepsin activity were assessed to reflect autophagy process. Proteins of interest were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS DNLA pretreatment significantly inhibited axonal degeneration induced by Aβ25-35 peptide in vitro. Further studies revealed DNLA treatment increased autophagic flux through promoting formation and degradation of autophagosome in hippocampus neurons. Moreover, enhancement of autophagic flux was responsible for the protective effects of DNLA on axonal degeneration. CONCLUSIONS DNLA prevents Aβ25-35 -induced axonal degeneration via activation of autophagy process and could be a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Basic Medical Faculty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Liu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun-Yan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen-Jin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi-Hai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan-Fu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Basic Medical Faculty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Education Ministry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bading H. Therapeutic targeting of the pathological triad of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling in neurodegenerations. J Exp Med 2017; 214:569-578. [PMID: 28209726 PMCID: PMC5339681 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of extrasynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors causes neurodegeneration and cell death. The disease mechanism involves a pathological triad consisting of mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of integrity of neuronal structures and connectivity, and disruption of excitation-transcription coupling caused by CREB (cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein) shut-off and nuclear accumulation of class IIa histone deacetylases. Interdependency within the triad fuels an accelerating disease progression that culminates in failure of mitochondrial energy production and cell loss. Both acute and slowly progressive neurodegenerative conditions, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease, share increased death signaling by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors caused by elevated extracellular glutamate concentrations or relocalization of NMDA receptors to extrasynaptic sites. Six areas of therapeutic objectives are defined, based on which a broadly applicable combination therapy is proposed to combat the pathological triad of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling that is common to many neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Schulte C, Ripamonti M, Maffioli E, Cappelluti MA, Nonnis S, Puricelli L, Lamanna J, Piazzoni C, Podestà A, Lenardi C, Tedeschi G, Malgaroli A, Milani P. Scale Invariant Disordered Nanotopography Promotes Hippocampal Neuron Development and Maturation with Involvement of Mechanotransductive Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:267. [PMID: 27917111 PMCID: PMC5114288 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomaterials which promote neuronal maturation up to the generation of integrated neural circuits is fundamental for modern neuroscience. The development of neural circuits arises from complex maturative processes regulated by poorly understood signaling events, often guided by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we report that nanostructured zirconia surfaces, produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition of zirconia nanoparticles and characterized by ECM-like nanotopographical features, can direct the maturation of neural networks. Hippocampal neurons cultured on such cluster-assembled surfaces displayed enhanced differentiation paralleled by functional changes. The latter was demonstrated by single-cell electrophysiology showing earlier action potential generation and increased spontaneous postsynaptic currents compared to the neurons grown on the featureless unnaturally flat standard control surfaces. Label-free shotgun proteomics broadly confirmed the functional changes and suggests furthermore a vast impact of the neuron/nanotopography interaction on mechanotransductive machinery components, known to control physiological in vivo ECM-regulated axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. Our results indicate a potential of cluster-assembled zirconia nanotopography exploitable for the creation of efficient neural tissue interfaces and cell culture devices promoting neurogenic events, but also for unveiling mechanotransductive aspects of neuronal development and maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schulte
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy; Fondazione FilareteMilan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ripamonti
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Fondazione FilareteMilan, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Martino A Cappelluti
- Fondazione FilareteMilan, Italy; SEMM - European School of Molecular MedicineMilan, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Puricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lamanna
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Fondazione FilareteMilan, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Spilker C, Grochowska KM, Kreutz MR. What do we learn from the murine Jacob/Nsmf gene knockout for human disease? Rare Dis 2016; 4:e1241361. [PMID: 27803842 PMCID: PMC5070631 DOI: 10.1080/21675511.2016.1241361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the NSMF gene have been related to Kallmann syndrome. Conflicting results have been reported on the subcellular localization of Jacob/NELF, the protein encoded by the NSMF gene. Some reports indicate an extracellular localization and a function as a guidance molecule for migration of GnRH-positive neurons from the olfactory placode to the hypothalamus. Other studies have shown protein transport of Jacob from synapse-to-nucleus and indicate a role of the protein in neuronal activity-dependent gene expression. A recent publication casts doubts on a major role of Jacob/NELF in Kallmann syndrome and neuronal migration of GnRH-positive neurons during early development. Instead a murine NSMF gene knockout results in hippocampal dysplasia, impaired BDNF-signaling during dendritogenesis, and phenotypes related to the lack of BDNF-induced nuclear import of Jacob in early postnatal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Spilker
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology , Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Melgarejo da Rosa M, Yuanxiang P, Brambilla R, Kreutz MR, Karpova A. Synaptic GluN2B/CaMKII-α Signaling Induces Synapto-Nuclear Transport of ERK and Jacob. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:66. [PMID: 27559307 PMCID: PMC4978723 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A central pathway in synaptic plasticity couples N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-receptor (NMDAR)-signaling to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) cascade. ERK-dependency has been demonstrated for several forms of synaptic plasticity as well as learning and memory and includes local synaptic processes but also long-distance signaling to the nucleus. It is, however, controversial how NMDAR signals are connected to ERK activation in dendritic spines and nuclear import of ERK. The synapto-nuclear messenger Jacob couples NMDAR-dependent Ca2+-signaling to CREB-mediated gene expression. Protein transport of Jacob from synapse to nucleus essentially requires activation of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Subsequent phosphorylation and binding of ERK1/2 to and ERK-dependent phosphorylation of serine 180 in Jacob encodes synaptic but not extrasynaptic NMDAR activation. In this study we show that stimulation of synaptic NMDAR in hippocampal primary neurons and induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in acute slices results in GluN2B-dependent activation of CaMKII-α and subsequent nuclear import of active ERK and serine 180 phosphorylated Jacob. On the contrary, no evidence was found that either GluN2A-containing NMDAR or RasGRF2 are upstream of ERK activation and nuclear import of Jacob and ERK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - PingAn Yuanxiang
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, ZMNHHamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ivanova D, Dirks A, Fejtova A. Bassoon and piccolo regulate ubiquitination and link presynaptic molecular dynamics with activity-regulated gene expression. J Physiol 2016; 594:5441-8. [PMID: 26915533 DOI: 10.1113/jp271826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of neurotransmitter is executed by complex multiprotein machinery, which is assembled around the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone. One well-established function of this proteinaceous scaffold is the spatial organization of synaptic vesicle cluster, the protein complexes that execute membrane fusion and compensatory endocytosis, and the transmembrane molecules important for alignment of pre- and postsynaptic structures. The presynaptic cytomatrix proteins function also in processes other than the formation of a static frame for assembly of the release apparatus and synaptic vesicle cycling. They actively contribute to the regulation of multiple steps in this process and are themselves an important subject of regulation during neuronal plasticity. We are only beginning to understand the mechanisms and signalling pathways controlling these regulations. They are mainly dependent on posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and small-molecules conjugation, such as ubiquitination. Ubiquitination of presynaptic proteins might lead to their degradation by proteasomes, but evidence is growing that this modification also affects their function independently of their degradation. Signalling from presynapse to nucleus, which works on a much slower time scale and more globally, emerged as an important mechanism for persistent usage-dependent and homeostatic neuronal plasticity. Recently, two new functions for the largest presynaptic scaffolding proteins bassoon and piccolo emerged. They were implied (1) in the regulation of specific protein ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated proteolysis that potentially contributes to short-term plasticity at the presynapse and (2) in the coupling of activity-induced molecular rearrangements at the presynapse with reprogramming of expression of neuronal activity-regulated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ivanova
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anika Dirks
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtova
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dinamarca MC, Guzzetti F, Karpova A, Lim D, Mitro N, Musardo S, Mellone M, Marcello E, Stanic J, Samaddar T, Burguière A, Caldarelli A, Genazzani AA, Perroy J, Fagni L, Canonico PL, Kreutz MR, Gardoni F, Di Luca M. Ring finger protein 10 is a novel synaptonuclear messenger encoding activation of NMDA receptors in hippocampus. eLife 2016; 5:e12430. [PMID: 26977767 PMCID: PMC4805553 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses and nuclei are connected by bidirectional communication mechanisms that enable information transfer encoded by macromolecules. Here, we identified RNF10 as a novel synaptonuclear protein messenger. RNF10 is activated by calcium signals at the postsynaptic compartment and elicits discrete changes at the transcriptional level. RNF10 is enriched at the excitatory synapse where it associates with the GluN2A subunit of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Activation of synaptic GluN2A-containing NMDARs and induction of long term potentiation (LTP) lead to the translocation of RNF10 from dendritic segments and dendritic spines to the nucleus. In particular, we provide evidence for importin-dependent long-distance transport from synapto-dendritic compartments to the nucleus. Notably, RNF10 silencing prevents the maintenance of LTP as well as LTP-dependent structural modifications of dendritic spines. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12430.001 Brain activity depends on the communication between neurons. This process takes place at the junctions between neurons, which are known as synapses, and typically involves one of the cells releasing a chemical messenger that binds to receptors on the other cell. The binding triggers a cascade of events inside the recipient cell, including the production of new receptors and their insertion into the cell membrane. These changes strengthen the synapse and are thought to be one of the ways in which the brain establishes and maintains memories. However, in order to induce these changes at the synapse, neurons must be able to activate the genes that encode their component parts. These genes are present inside the cell nucleus, which is located some distance away from the synapse. Studies have shown that signals can be sent from the nucleus to the synapse and vice versa, enabling the two parts of the cell to exchange information. Synapses that communicate using a chemical called glutamate have been particularly well studied; but it still remains unclear how the activation of receptors at these “glutamatergic synapses” is linked to activation of genes inside the nucleus at the molecular level. Dinamarca, Guzzetti et al. have now discovered that this process at glutamatergic synapses involves the movement of a protein messenger to the nucleus. Specifically, activation at synapses of a particularly common subtype of receptor, called NMDA, causes a protein called Ring Finger protein 10 (or RNF10 for short) to move from the synapse to the nucleus. To leave the synapse, RNF10 first has to bind to proteins called importins, which transport RNF10 into the nucleus. Once inside the nucleus, RNF10 binds to another protein that interacts with the DNA to start the production of new synaptic proteins. Further work is required to identify the molecular mechanisms that trigger RNF10 to leave the synapse. In addition, future studies should evaluate the levels and activity of RNF10 in brain disorders in which synapses are known to function abnormally. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12430.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita C Dinamarca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Guzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Karpova
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Musardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jennifer Stanic
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Tanmoy Samaddar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Caldarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Julie Perroy
- CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Fagni
- CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|