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Ji G, Zhao J, Si X, Song W. Targeting bacterial metabolites in tumor for cancer therapy: An alternative approach for targeting tumor-associated bacteria. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115345. [PMID: 38834140 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveal that tumor-associated bacteria (TAB) can facilitate the initiation and progression of multiple types of cancer. Recent work has emphasized the significant role of intestinal microbiota, particularly bacteria, plays in affecting responses to chemo- and immuno-therapies. Hence, it seems feasible to improve cancer treatment outcomes by targeting intestinal bacteria. While considering variable richness of the intestinal microbiota and diverse components among individuals, direct manipulating the gut microbiota is complicated in clinic. Tumor initiation and progression requires the gut microbiota-derived metabolites to contact and reprogram neoplastic cells. Hence, directly targeting tumor-associated bacteria metabolites may have the potential to provide alternative and innovative strategies to bypass the gut microbiota for cancer therapy. As such, there are great opportunities to explore holistic approaches that incorporates TAB-derived metabolites and related metabolic signals modulation for cancer therapy. In this review, we will focus on key opportunistic areas by targeting TAB-derived metabolites and related metabolic signals, but not bacteria itself, for cancer treatment, and elucidate future challenges that need to be addressed in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, China
| | - Xinghui Si
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China.
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2
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Lv JL, Lai WQ, Gong YQ, Zheng KY, Zhang XY, Wang XY, Dai LS, Li MW. Studying the role of Bombyx mori molybdenum cofactor sulfurase in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:246-258. [PMID: 38323672 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MoCoS) is a key gene involved in the uric acid metabolic pathway that activates xanthine dehydrogenase to synthesise uric acid. Uric acid is harmful to mammals but plays crucial roles in insects, one of which is the immune responses. However, the function of Bombyx mori MoCoS in response to BmNPV remains unclear. In this study, BmMoCoS was found to be relatively highly expressed in embryonic development, gonads and the Malpighian tubules. In addition, the expression levels of BmMoCoS were significantly upregulated in three silkworm strains with different levels of resistance after virus infection, suggesting a close link between them. Furthermore, RNAi and overexpression studies showed that BmMoCoS was involved in resistance to BmNPV infection, and its antivirus effects were found to be related to the regulation of uric acid metabolism, which was uncovered by inosine- and febuxostat-coupled RNAi and overexpression. Finally, the BmMoCoS-mediated uric acid pathway was preliminarily confirmed to be a potential target to protect silkworms from BmNPV infection. Overall, this study provides new evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism of silkworms in response to BmNPV infection and new strategies for the prevention of viral infections in sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qing Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Yi Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Spaggiari L, Pedretti N, Ricchi F, Pinetti D, Campisciano G, De Seta F, Comar M, Kenno S, Ardizzoni A, Pericolini E. An Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Lacticaseibacillus ( L.) rhamnosus, Lactobacillus ( L.) acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus ( L.) plantarum and Limosilactobacillus ( L.) reuteri Reveals an Upregulated Production of Inosine from L. rhamnosus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:662. [PMID: 38674606 PMCID: PMC11051988 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are considered an inexhaustible source of bioactive compounds; indeed, products from their metabolism are known to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, we demonstrated that Cell-Free Supernatants (CFS) obtained from Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus (L.) rhamnosus, and Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri can impair Candida pathogenic potential in an in vitro model of epithelial vaginal infection. This effect could be ascribed to a direct effect of living lactic acid bacteria on Candida virulence and to the production of metabolites that are able to impair fungal virulence. In the present work, stemming from these data, we deepened our knowledge of CFS from these four lactic acid bacteria by performing a metabolomic analysis to better characterize their composition. By using an untargeted metabolomic approach, we detected consistent differences in the metabolites produced by these four different lactic acid bacteria. Interestingly, L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus showed the most peculiar metabolic profiles. Specifically, after a hierarchical clustering analysis, L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus showed specific areas of significantly overexpressed metabolites that strongly differed from the same areas in other lactic acid bacteria. From the overexpressed compounds in these areas, inosine from L. rhamnosus returned with the best identification profile. This molecule has been described as having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and neuroprotective properties. The biological significance of its overproduction by L. rhamnosus might be important in its probiotic and/or postbiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Spaggiari
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Natalia Pedretti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesco Ricchi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Diego Pinetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Campisciano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita and Salute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (G.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Samyr Kenno
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
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4
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Cerchietti L. Genetic mechanisms underlying tumor microenvironment composition and function in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2024; 143:1101-1111. [PMID: 38211334 PMCID: PMC10972714 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) show enormous diversity and plasticity, with functions that can range from tumor inhibitory to tumor supportive. The patient's age, immune status, and DLBCL treatments are factors that contribute to the shaping of this TME, but evidence suggests that genetic factors, arising principally in lymphoma cells themselves, are among the most important. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of these genetic drivers of DLBCL in establishing and modulating the lymphoma microenvironment. A better comprehension of the relationship between lymphoma genetic factors and TME biology should lead to better therapeutic interventions, especially immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Cerchietti
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Medicine Department, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY
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5
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Dos Santos B, Piermartiri T, Tasca CI. The impact of purine nucleosides on neuroplasticity in the adult brain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9. [PMID: 38367178 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the nervous system's ability to adapt and reorganize its cell structures and neuronal networks in response to internal and external stimuli. In adults, this process involves neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic and neurochemical plasticity. Several studies have reported the significant impact of the purinergic system on neuroplasticity modulation. And, there is considerable evidence supporting the role of purine nucleosides, such as adenosine, inosine, and guanosine, in this process. This review presents extensive research on how these nucleosides enhance the neuroplasticity of the adult central nervous system, particularly in response to damage. The mechanisms through which these nucleosides exert their effects involve complex interactions with various receptors and signaling pathways. Adenosine's influence on neurogenesis involves interactions with adenosine receptors, specifically A1R and A2AR. A1R activation appears to inhibit neuronal differentiation and promote astrogliogenesis, while A2AR activation supports neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Inosine and guanosine positively impact cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Inosine seems to modulate extracellular adenosine levels, and guanosine might act through interactions between purinergic and glutamatergic systems. Additionally, the review discusses the potential therapeutic implications of purinergic signaling in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, emphasizing the importance of these nucleosides in the neuroplasticity of brain function and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tetsade Piermartiri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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6
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John SV, Seim GL, Erazo-Flores BJ, Steill J, Freeman J, Votava JA, Arp NL, Qing X, Stewart R, Knoll LJ, Fan J. Macrophages undergo functionally significant reprograming of nucleotide metabolism upon classical activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.27.573447. [PMID: 38234794 PMCID: PMC10793465 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
During an immune response, macrophages systematically rewire their metabolism in specific ways to support their diversve functions. However, current knowledge of macrophage metabolism is largely concentrated on central carbon metabolism. Using multi-omics analysis, we identified nucleotide metabolism as one of the most significantly rewired pathways upon classical activation. Further isotopic tracing studies revealed several major changes underlying the substantial metabolomic alterations: 1) de novo synthesis of both purines and pyrimidines is shut down at several specific steps; 2) nucleotide degradation activity to nitrogenous bases is increased but complete oxidation of bases is reduced, causing a great accumulation of nucleosides and bases; and 3) cells gradually switch to primarily relying on salvaging the nucleosides and bases for maintaining most nucleotide pools. Mechanistically, the inhibition of purine nucleotide de novo synthesis is mainly caused by nitric oxide (NO)-driven inhibition of the IMP synthesis enzyme ATIC, with NO-independent transcriptional downregulation of purine synthesis genes augmenting the effect. The inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide de novo synthesis is driven by NO-driven inhibition of CTP synthetase (CTPS) and transcriptional downregulation of thymidylate synthase (TYMS). For the rewiring of degradation, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and uridine phosphorylase (UPP) are transcriptionally upregulated, increasing nucleoside degradation activity. However, complete degradation of purine bases by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is inhibited by NO, diverting flux into nucleotide salvage. Inhibiting the activation-induced switch from nucleotide de novo synthesis to salvage by knocking out the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosporibosyl transferase (Hprt) significantly alters the expression of genes important for activated macrophage functions, suppresses macrophage migration, and increases pyroptosis. Furthermore, knocking out Hprt or Xor increases proliferation of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages. Together, these studies comprehensively reveal the characteristics, the key regulatory mechanisms, and the functional importance of the dynamic rewiring of nucleotide metabolism in classically activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V John
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Gretchen L Seim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Billy J Erazo-Flores
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - John Steill
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Nicholas L Arp
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Xin Qing
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
| | - Laura J Knoll
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Lead contact
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7
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Zhou M, Li Y, Cai Y, Sun Y, Chen W, Wang J, Shen F, Zhan Y, Ying J, Chen S. Development of an Inosine Hyperproducer from Bacillus licheniformis by Systems Metabolic Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20210-20221. [PMID: 38079219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Inosine is widely used in food, chemical, and medicine. This study developed Bacillus licheniformis into an inosine hyperproducer through systems metabolic engineering. First, purine metabolism was activated by deleting inhibitors PurR and YabJ and overexpressing the pur operon. Then, the 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) supply was increased by optimizing the glucose transport system and pentose phosphate pathway, increasing the inosine titer by 97% and decreasing the titers of byproducts by 36%. Next, to prevent the degradation of inosine, genes deoD and pupG coding purine nucleoside phosphorylase were deleted, accumulating 0.91 g/L inosine in the culture medium. Additionally, the downregulation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) synthesis pathway increased the inosine titer by 409%. Importantly, enhancing the glycine and aspartate supply increased the inosine titer by 298%. Finally, the guanosine synthesis pathway was blocked, leading to strain IR-8-2 producing 27.41 g/L inosine with a 0.46 g inosine/g glucose yield and a 0.38 g/(L·h) productivity in a shake flask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Youhua Cai
- Star Lake Bioscience Co. Inc, Zhaoging, Zhaoging, Guangdong 526000, PR China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Wu Chen
- Star Lake Bioscience Co. Inc, Zhaoging, Zhaoging, Guangdong 526000, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Feng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jun Ying
- Star Lake Bioscience Co. Inc, Zhaoging, Zhaoging, Guangdong 526000, PR China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China
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8
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Yilmaz A, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Shohami E, Gordevičius J, Kerševičiūtė I, Sherman E, Bahado-Singh RO, Graham SF. The longitudinal biochemical profiling of TBI in a drop weight model of TBI. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22260. [PMID: 38097614 PMCID: PMC10721861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, particularly among individuals under the age of 45. It is a complex, and heterogeneous disease with a multifaceted pathophysiology that remains to be elucidated. Metabolomics has the potential to identify metabolic pathways and unique biochemical profiles associated with TBI. Herein, we employed a longitudinal metabolomics approach to study TBI in a weight drop mouse model to reveal metabolic changes associated with TBI pathogenesis, severity, and secondary injury. Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, we biochemically profiled post-mortem brain from mice that suffered mild TBI (N = 25; 13 male and 12 female), severe TBI (N = 24; 11 male and 13 female) and sham controls (N = 16; 11 male and 5 female) at baseline, day 1 and day 7 following the injury. 1H NMR-based metabolomics, in combination with bioinformatic analyses, highlights a few significant metabolites associated with TBI severity and perturbed metabolism related to the injury. We report that the concentrations of taurine, creatinine, adenine, dimethylamine, histidine, N-Acetyl aspartate, and glucose 1-phosphate are all associated with TBI severity. Longitudinal metabolic observation of brain tissue revealed that mild TBI and severe TBI lead distinct metabolic profile changes. A multi-class model was able to classify the severity of injury as well as time after TBI with estimated 86% accuracy. Further, we identified a high degree of correlation between respective hemisphere metabolic profiles (r > 0.84, p < 0.05, Pearson correlation). This study highlights the metabolic changes associated with underlying TBI severity and secondary injury. While comprehensive, future studies should investigate whether: (a) the biochemical pathways highlighted here are recapitulated in the brain of TBI sufferers and (b) if the panel of biomarkers are also as effective in less invasively harvested biomatrices, for objective and rapid identification of TBI severity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yilmaz
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- Department of Pharmacology, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Sports Therapy, Institute for Health and Medical Professions, Ono Academic College, Qiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Esther Shohami
- Department of Pharmacology, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juozas Gordevičius
- VUGENE LLC, 625 EKenmoor Avenue Southeast, Suite 301, PMB 96578, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Ieva Kerševičiūtė
- VUGENE LLC, 625 EKenmoor Avenue Southeast, Suite 301, PMB 96578, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Eric Sherman
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48073, USA.
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9
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Su ZH, Lv JL, Ou Q, Zhao ZQ, Zheng KY, Zhang XY, Lai WQ, Wang XY, Deng MJ, Li MW. Uric acid metabolism promotes apoptosis against Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:558-574. [PMID: 37209025 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The white epidermis of silkworms is due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals. Abnormal silkworm uric acid metabolism decreases uric acid production, leading to a transparent or translucent phenotype. The oily silkworm op50 is a mutant strain with a highly transparent epidermis derived from the p50 strain. It shows more susceptibility to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection than the wild type; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study analysed the changes in 34 metabolites in p50 and op50 at different times following BmNPV infection based on comparative metabolomics. The differential metabolites were mainly clustered in six metabolic pathways. Of these, the uric acid pathway was identified as critical for resistance in silkworms, as feeding with inosine significantly enhanced larval resistance compared to other metabolites and modulated other metabolic pathways. Additionally, the increased level of resistance to BmNPV in inosine-fed silkworms was associated with the regulation of apoptosis, which is mediated by the reactive oxygen species produced during uric acid synthesis. Furthermore, feeding the industrial strain Jingsong (JS) with inosine significantly increased the level of larval resistance to BmNPV, indicating its potential application in controlling the virus in sericulture. These results lay the foundation for clarifying the resistance mechanism of silkworms to BmNPV and provide new strategies and methods for the biological control of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun-Li Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zi-Qin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kai-Yi Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen-Qing Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
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10
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Matsumura N, Aoyama K. Glutathione-Mediated Neuroprotective Effect of Purine Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13067. [PMID: 37685879 PMCID: PMC10487553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous basic studies have reported on the neuroprotective properties of several purine derivatives such as caffeine and uric acid (UA). Epidemiological studies have also shown the inverse association of appropriate caffeine intake or serum urate levels with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The well-established neuroprotective mechanisms of caffeine and UA involve adenosine A2A receptor antagonism and antioxidant activity, respectively. Our recent study found that another purine derivative, paraxanthine, has neuroprotective effects similar to those of caffeine and UA. These purine derivatives can promote neuronal cysteine uptake through excitatory amino acid carrier protein 1 (EAAC1) to increase neuronal glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain. This review summarizes the GSH-mediated neuroprotective effects of purine derivatives. Considering the fact that GSH depletion is a manifestation in the brains of AD and PD patients, administration of purine derivatives may be a new therapeutic approach to prevent or delay the onset of these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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11
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Malik H, Usman M, Arif M, Ahmed Z, Ali G, Rauf K, Sewell RDE. Diosgenin normalization of disrupted behavioral and central neurochemical activity after single prolonged stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1232088. [PMID: 37663254 PMCID: PMC10468593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1232088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic mental illness triggered by traumatic experiences such as wars, natural disasters, or catastrophes, and it is characterized by anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin with known neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the pharmacological potential of diosgenin in a single prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD, plus other behavioral models along with any consequent alterations in brain neurochemistry in male mice. Methodology: SPS was induced by restraining animals for 2 h, followed by 20 min of forced swim, recuperation for 15 min, and finally, exposure to ether to induce anesthesia. The SPS-exposed animals were treated with diosgenin (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg) and compared with the positive controls, fluoxetine or donepezil, then they were observed for any changes in anxiety/depression-like behaviors, and cognitive impairment. After behavioral screening, postmortem serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine, vitamin C, adenosine and its metabolites inosine and hypoxanthine were quantified in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, animal serum was screened for changes in corticosterone levels. Results: The results showed that diosgenin reversed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and ameliorated cognitive impairment in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, diosgenin restored monoamine and vitamin C levels dose-dependently and modulated adenosine and its metabolites in the brain regions. Diosgenin also reinstated otherwise increased serum corticosterone levels in SPS mice. Conclusion: The findings suggest that diosgenin may be a potential candidate for improving symptoms of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurmat Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arif
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Robert D. E. Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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12
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Xiong F, Jiang K, Chen J, Yan Y, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Zheng H, Li Y, Gao H. Metabolomics Study Revealing Purines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with Community─Acquired Pneumonia. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2558-2569. [PMID: 37432907 PMCID: PMC10407924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant threat to human health and the leading cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to reveal the metabolic profiling whether can be used for assessing CAP with or without ARDS (nARDS) and therapeutic effects on CAP patients after treatment. Urine samples were collected at the onset and recovery periods, and metabolomics was employed to identify robust biomarkers. 19 metabolites were significantly changed in the ARDS relative to nARDS, mainly involving purines and fatty acids. After treatment, 7 metabolites in the nARDS and 14 in the ARDS were found to be significantly dysregulated, including fatty acids and amino acids. In the validation cohort, we observed that the biomarker panel consisted of N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, 1-methyladenosine, 3-methylguanine, 1-methyladenosine, and uric acid exhibited better AUCs of 0.900 than pneumonia severity index and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores between the ARDS and nARDS. Combining L-phenylalanine, phytosphingosine, and N-acetylaspartylglutamate as biomarkers for discriminating the nARDS and ARDS patients after treatment exhibited good AUCs of 0.811 and 0.821, respectively. The metabolic pathway and defined biomarkers may serve as crucial indicators for predicting the development of ARDS in CAP patients and for assessing therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xiong
- Oujiang
Laboratory, Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kaiyuan Jiang
- Oujiang
Laboratory, Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jianuo Chen
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yongqin Yan
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yiyang Zhou
- Oujiang
Laboratory, Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Oujiang
Laboratory, Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Oujiang
Laboratory, Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Oujiang
Laboratory, Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Key
Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine
and Encephalopathy Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325035, China
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13
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He D, Hu S, Huang Z, Mo C, Cheng X, Song P, Li Y, Song T, Guan Z, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Liao M. Metabolomics analyses of serum metabolites perturbations associated with Naja atra bite. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011507. [PMID: 37639406 PMCID: PMC10461852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Naja atra bite is one of the most common severe snakebites in emergency departments. Unfortunately, the pathophysiological changes caused by Naja atra bite are unclear due to the lack of good animal models. In this study, an animal model of Naja atra bite in Guangxi Bama miniature pigs was established by intramuscular injection at 2 mg/kg of Naja atra venom, and serum metabolites were systematically analyzed using untargeted metabolomic and targeted metabolomic approaches. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 5045 chromatographic peaks were obtained in ESI+ and 3871 chromatographic peaks were obtained in ESI-. Screening in ESI+ modes and ESI- modes identified 22 and 36 differential metabolites compared to controls. The presence of 8 core metabolites of glutamine, arginine, proline, leucine, phenylalanine, inosine, thymidine and hippuric acid in the process of Naja atra bite was verified by targeted metabolomics significant difference (P<0.05). At the same time, during the verification process of the serum clinical samples with Naja atra bite, we found that the contents of three metabolites of proline, phenylalanine and inosine in the serum of the patients were significantly different from those of the normal human serum (P<0.05). By conducting functional analysis of core and metabolic pathway analysis, we revealed a potential correlation between changes in key metabolites after the Naja atra bite and the resulting pathophysiological alterations, and our research aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of Naja atra bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling He
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Shaocong Hu
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Caifeng Mo
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Pengshu Song
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yalan Li
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Tianlin Song
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Zhezhe Guan
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Ming Liao
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
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14
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Khanal S, Bok E, Kim J, Park GH, Choi DY. Dopaminergic neuroprotective effects of inosine in MPTP-induced parkinsonian mice via brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation. Neuropharmacology 2023:109652. [PMID: 37422180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. However, no curative or modifying therapy is known. Inosine is a purine nucleoside that increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the brain through adenosine receptors. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of inosine and elucidated the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological action. Inosine rescued SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from MPP+ injury in a dose-dependent manner. Inosine protection correlated with BDNF expression and the activation of its downstream signaling cascade, as the TrkB receptor inhibitor, K252a and siRNA against the BDNF gene remarkably reduced the protective effects of inosine. Blocking the A1 or A2A adenosine receptors diminished BDNF induction and the rescuing effect of inosine, indicating a critical role of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in inosine-related BDNF elevation. We assessed whether the compound could protect dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced neuronal injury. Beam-walking and challenge beam tests revealed that inosine pretreatment for 3 weeks reduced the MPTP-induced motor function impairment. Inosine ameliorated dopaminergic neuronal loss and MPTP-mediated astrocytic and microglial activation in the substantia nigra and striatum. Inosine ameliorated the depletion of striatal dopamine and its metabolite following MPTP injection. BDNF upregulation and the activation of its downstream signaling pathway seemingly correlate with the neuroprotective effects of inosine. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of inosine against MPTP neurotoxicity via BDNF upregulation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of inosine in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Khanal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehakro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eugene Bok
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehakro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Azizan A, Venter L, Jansen van Rensburg PJ, Ericson JA, Ragg NLC, Alfaro AC. Metabolite Changes of Perna canaliculus Following a Laboratory Marine Heatwave Exposure: Insights from Metabolomic Analyses. Metabolites 2023; 13:815. [PMID: 37512522 PMCID: PMC10385441 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is considered to be a major abiotic factor influencing aquatic life. Marine heatwaves are emerging as threats to sustainable shellfish aquaculture, affecting the farming of New Zealand's green-lipped mussel [Perna canaliculus (Gmelin, 1791)]. In this study, P. canaliculus were gradually exposed to high-temperature stress, mimicking a five-day marine heatwave event, to better understand the effects of heat stress on the metabolome of mussels. Following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of haemolymph samples, key sugar-based metabolites supported energy production via the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle by 24 h and 48 h of heat stress. Anaerobic metabolism also fulfilled the role of energy production. Antioxidant molecules acted within thermally stressed mussels to mitigate oxidative stress. Purine metabolism supported tissue protection and energy replenishment. Pyrimidine metabolism supported the protection of nucleic acids and protein synthesis. Amino acids ensured balanced intracellular osmolality at 24 h and ammonia detoxification at 48 h. Altogether, this work provides evidence that P. canaliculus has the potential to adapt to heat stress up to 24 °C by regulating its energy metabolism, balancing nucleotide production, and implementing oxidative stress mechanisms over time. The data reported herein can also be used to evaluate the risks of heatwaves and improve mitigation strategies for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanis Azizan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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16
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Kulkarni N, Shinde SD, Maingle M, Nikam D, Sahu B. Reactive oxygen species-responsive thymine-conjugated chitosan: Synthesis and evaluation as cryogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125074. [PMID: 37244332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a biodegradable, biocompatible cationic polysaccharide based natural polymer with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydrogels made from CS have been found their applications in wound healing, tissue regeneration and drug delivery. Although, mucoadhesive properties resulted from the polycationic nature of CS, in hydrogel form amines are engaged in interactions with water leading to decrease in mucoadhesive properties. In case of injury, presence of elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has inspired many drug delivery platform to conjugate ROS responsive linkers for on demand drug delivery. In this report we have conjugated a reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive thioketal (TK) linker and nucleobase thymine (Thy) with CS. Cryogel from this doubly functionalized polymer CS-Thy-TK was prepared through crosslinking with sodium alginate. Inosine was loaded on the scaffold and studied for its release under oxidative condition. We anticipated that the presence of thymine shall retain the mucoadhesive nature of the CS-Thy-TK polymer in hydrogel form and when placed at the site of injury, due to the presence of excessive ROS at inflammatory condition, loaded drug shall release due to degradation of the linker. Porous cryogel scaffold was prepared via chemical crosslinking of amine functional group of chitosan with carboxylic acid containing polysaccharide sodium alginate. The cryogel was evaluated for porosity (FE-SEM), rheology, swelling, degradation, mucoadhesive properties and biocompatibility. Resulted scaffold was found to be porous with average pore size of 107 ± 23 μm, biocompatible, hemocompatible and possesses improved mucoadhesive property (mucin binding efficiency of 19.54 %) which was found to be 4 times better as compared to chitosan (4.53 %). The cumulative drug release found to be better in the presence of H2O2 (~90 %) when compared to that of PBS alone (~60-70 %). Therefore, the modified CS-Thy-TK polymer may hold potential as interesting scaffold in case of conditions associated with elevated ROS level such as injury and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Suchita Dattatray Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Mohit Maingle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Darshani Nikam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India.
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17
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Alba C, Castejón D, Remiro V, Rodríguez JM, Sobrino OJ, de María J, Fumanal P, Fumanal A, Cambero MI. Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP100 as an Alternative to Metaphylactic Antimicrobials in Swine: The Impact on Production Parameters and Meat Composition. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101653. [PMID: 37238083 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The metaphylactic use of antimicrobials in swine farms contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which constitutes a major challenge for public health. Alternative strategies are required to eradicate their routine use. In a previous study, metaphylactic antimicrobials were replaced by the administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP100 to sows and piglets for two years. This practice positively modified the fecal microbiota and metabolic profiles in the farm. In this work, the farm dataset was used to compare the productivity-related parameters between a 2-year period of routine metaphylactic antibiotherapy and the first 2 years of a replacement with the probiotic strain. The probiotic period improved these productivity-related parameters, from litter size to growth performance. In addition, samples of Longissimus lumborum, including skin and subcutaneous fat, were obtained from the animals ingesting the probiotic strain and controls (metaphylactic antibiotherapy) and analyzed for their pH, water holding capacity, composition, and metabolic profiling. The probiotic intake did not negatively affect the meat composition and was associated with an increase in inosine concentration and a slight tendency for increasing the intramuscular fat content. These factors are considered as biomarkers of meat quality. In conclusion, the substitution of metaphylactic antimicrobials with the administration of the probiotic strain was associated with beneficial productivity and meat quality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alba
- Department Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Castejón
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense (BIOIMAC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Pº de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Remiro
- Department Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Odón J Sobrino
- Scientific Society of Veterinary Public and Community Health (SOCIVESC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - M Isabel Cambero
- Department Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Zhao W, Huang Y, Cui N, Wang R, Xiao Z, Su X. Glucose oxidase as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters improves the immunity function, antioxidative status, and cecal microbiota environment in white-feathered broilers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1100465. [PMID: 36937262 PMCID: PMC10020722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) on broilers as a potential antibiotic substitute. A total of four hundred twenty 1-day-old male Cobb500 broilers were randomly assigned into five dietary treatments, each with six replicates (12 chicks per replicate). The treatments included two control groups (a basal diet and a basal diet with 50 mg/kg aureomycin) and three GOD-additive groups involving three different concentrations of GOD. Analysis after the t-test showed that, on day 21, the feed:gain ratio significantly decreased in the 1,200 U/kg GOD-supplied group (GOD1200) compared to the antibiotic group (Ant). The same effect was also observed in GOD1200 during days 22-42 and in the 600 U/kg GOD-supplied group (GOD600) when compared to the control group (Ctr). The serum tests indicated that, on day 21, the TGF-β cytokine was significantly decreased in both GOD600 and GOD1200 when compared with Ctr. A decrease in malondialdehyde and an increase in superoxide dismutase in GOD1200 were observed, which is similar to the effects seen in Ant. On day 42, the D-lactate and glutathione peroxidase activity changed remarkably in GOD1200 and surpassed Ant. Furthermore, GOD upregulated the expression of the jejunal barrier genes (MUC-2 and ZO-1) in two phases relative to Ctr. In the aureomycin-supplied group, the secretory immunoglobulin A significantly decreased in the jejunum at 42 days. Changes in microbial genera were also discovered in the cecum by sequencing 16S rRNA genes at 42 days. The biomarkers for GOD supplementation were identified as Colidextribacter, Oscillibacter, Flavonifractor, Oscillospira, and Shuttleworthia. Except for Shuttleworthia, all the abovementioned genera were n-butyrate producers known for imparting their various benefits to broilers. The PICRUSt prediction of microbial communities revealed 11 pathways that were enriched in both the control and GOD-supplied groups. GOD1200 accounted for an increased number of metabolic pathways, demonstrating their potential in aiding nutrient absorption and digestion. In conclusion, a diet containing GOD can be beneficial to broiler health, particularly at a GOD concentration of 1,200 U/kg. The improved feed conversion ratio, immunity, antioxidative capacity, and intestinal condition demonstrated that GOD could be a valuable alternative to antibiotics in broiler breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoou Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Li M, Liu B, Li R, Yang P, Leng P, Huang Y. Exploration of the link between gut microbiota and purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:315-327. [PMID: 36121551 PMCID: PMC9984663 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence reveals that microorganisms in the gut are linked to metabolic health and disease risk in human beings to a considerable extent. The focus of research at this stage must tend to focus on cause-and-effect studies. In addition to being a component of DNA and RNA, purine metabolites can be involved in purine signalling in the body as chemical messengers. Abnormalities in purinergic signalling may lead to neuropathy, rheumatic immune diseases, inflammation, tumors, and a wide range of other diseases. It has proved that gut microbes are involved in purinergic signalling. The relationship between these gut-derived purinergic signalling molecules and host metabolism may be one of the important clues to our understanding of the mechanisms by which the microbiota affects host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingJian Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - BoWen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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20
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Mendoza-Porras O, Nguyen TV, Shah RM, Thomas-Hall P, Bastin L, Deaker DJ, Motti CA, Byrne M, Beale DJ. Biochemical metabolomic profiling of the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster): New insight into its biology for improved pest management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160525. [PMID: 36574554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (COTS), Acanthaster species, is a voracious coral predator that destroys coral reefs when in outbreak status. The baseline metabolite and lipid biomolecules of 10 COTS tissues, including eggs from gravid females, were investigated in this study to provide insight into their biology and identify avenues for control. Targeted and untargeted metabolite- and lipidomics-based mass spectrometry approaches were used to obtain tissue-specific metabolite and lipid profiles. Across all COTS tissues, 410 metabolites and 367 lipids were identified. Most abundant were amino acids and peptides (18.7%) and wax esters (17%). There were 262 metabolites and 192 lipids identified in COTS eggs. Wax esters were more abundant in the eggs (30%) followed by triacylglycerols (TG), amino acids, and peptides. The diversity of asterosaponins in eggs (34) was higher than in tissues (2). Several asterosaponins known to modulate sperm acrosome reaction were putatively identified, including glycoside B, asterosaponin-4 (Co-Aris III), and regularoside B (asterosaponin A). The saponins saponin A, thornasteroside A, hillaside B, and non-saponins dictyol J and axinellamine B which have been shown to possess defensive properties, were found in abundance in gonads, skin, and radial nerve tissues. Inosine and 2-hexyldecanoic acid are the most abundant metabolites in tissues and eggs. As a secondary metabolite of purine degradation, inosine plays an important role in purine biosynthesis, while 2-hexyldecanoic acid is known to suppress side-chain crystallization during the synthesis of amphiphilic macromolecules (i.e., phospholipids). These significant spatial changes in metabolite, lipid, and asterosaponin profiles enabled unique insights into key biological tissue-specific processes that could be manipulated to better control COTS populations. Our findings highlight COTS as a novel source of molecules with therapeutic and cosmetic properties (ceramides, sphingolipids, carnosine, and inosine). These outcomes will be highly relevant for the development of strategies for COTS management including chemotaxis-based biocontrol and exploitation of COTS carcasses for the extraction of commercial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mendoza-Porras
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Thao V Nguyen
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Rohan M Shah
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Peter Thomas-Hall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Lee Bastin
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Dione J Deaker
- Marine Studies Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cherie A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- Marine Studies Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Bonagurio LP, Murakami AE, Pereira-Maróstica HV, Almeida FLA, Santos TC, Pozza PC. Effects of different levels of inosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) supplementation on the growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs (75 to 100 kg). Meat Sci 2023; 196:109016. [PMID: 36375320 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of inosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) on energy efficiency, growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, oxidative status, and biochemical profile of blood plasma in finishing pigs. Fifty-four crossbred castrated male pigs were distributed in a randomized block design consisting of nine blocks, with six treatments per block and one animal per treatment per block. Experimental diets were as follows: positive control diet (PC, 3300 kcal ME/kg), negative control diet (NC, 3200 kcal ME/kg), and four diets prepared by supplementing the NC diet with 0.050%, 0.100%, 0.150%, or 0.200% 5'-IMP. Based on regression analysis, supplementation with 0.129% 5'-IMP increased average daily weight gain (1.30 kg). Backfat thickness, pH45minutes and redness of m. Longissimus Lumborum (LL) increased linearly with 5'-IMP supplementation level. Drip loss and pH at 24 h post-slaughter had a quadratic response to 5'-IMP supplementation. It is concluded that 5'-IMP supplementation positively influenced growth performance, carcass characteristics and LL meat quality in finishing barrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P Bonagurio
- Department of Animal Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
| | - Alice E Murakami
- Department of Animal Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda L A Almeida
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Pozza
- Department of Animal Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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22
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Effects of Saline-Alkaline Stress on Metabolome, Biochemical Parameters, and Histopathology in the Kidney of Crucian Carp ( Carassius auratus). Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020159. [PMID: 36837778 PMCID: PMC9966543 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The salinization of the water environment caused by human activities and global warming has increased which has brought great survival challenges to aquatic animals. Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) is an essential freshwater economic fish with superior adaptability to saline-alkali water. However, the physiological regulation mechanism of crucian carp adapting to saline-alkali stress remains still unclear. In this study, crucian carp were exposed to freshwater or 20, 40, and 60 mmol/L NaHCO3 water environments for 30 days, the effects of saline-alkali stress on the kidney were evaluated by histopathology, biochemical assays and metabolomics analysis from renal function, antioxidant capacity and metabolites level. Our results showed different degrees of kidney damage at different exposure concentrations, which were characterized by glomerular atrophy and swelling, renal tubular degranulation, obstruction and degeneration, renal interstitial edema, renal cell proliferation and necrosis. Saline-alkali stress could change the levels of several physiological parameters with renal function and antioxidant capacity, including creatinine (CREA), urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, metabolomics analysis showed that differential metabolites (DMs) were involved in various metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the TCA cycle. In general, our study revealed that saline-alkaline stress could cause significant changes in renal function and metabolic profiles, and induce severe damage in the crucian carp kidney through destroying the anti-oxidant system and energy homeostasis, inhibiting protein and amino acid catabolism, as well as disordering purine metabolism and lipid metabolism. This study could contribute to a deeper understanding the adverse effects of saline-alkali stress on crucian carp kidney and the regulatory mechanism in the crucian carp of saline-alkali adaptation at the metabolic level.
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23
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Tang Y, Sun L, Zhao Y, Yao J, Feng Z, Liu Z, Zhang G, Sun C. UHPLC-ESI-QE-Orbitrap-MS based metabolomics reveals the antioxidant mechanism of icaritin on mice with cerebral ischemic reperfusion. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14483. [PMID: 36643627 PMCID: PMC9838208 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Icaritin (ICT) has been previously demonstrated to display protective effects against cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) by inhibiting oxidative stress, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism from the perspective of metabolomics. Methods A mice cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was explored to mimic cerebral ischemic reperfusion and protective effect of ICT was assessed by neurologic deficit scoring, infarct volume and brain water content. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QE-Orbitrap-MS) based metabolomic was performed to explore potential biomarkers. Brain tissue metabolic profiles were analyzed and metabolic biomarkers were identified through multivariate data analysis. The protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and HQO1 were assayed by western blot. The release of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) were detected using corresponding assay kits. Results The results showed that after ICT treatment, the neurological deficit, cerebral infarction area, brain edema and the level of MDA in brain tissue of MCAO/R mice were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, ICT enhanced the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. Western blot results confirmed that ICT up-regulated the protein levels of antioxidant-related protein including Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1. According to the metabolomic profiling of brain tissues, clear separations were observed among the Sham, Model and ICT groups. A total of 44 biomarkers were identified, and the identified biomarkers were mainly related to linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and purine metabolism, respectively. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of ICT on arachidonic acid and linoleic acid in brain tissue, as well as the promoting effect on taurine, GABA, NAAG, may be the key factors for the anti-neurooxidative function of mice after MCAO/R injury. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that ICT has benefits for MCAO/R injury, which are partially related to the suppression of oxidative stress via stimulating the Nrf2 signaling and regulating the production of arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, taurine, GABA, NAAG in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Linyi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, Shandong Province, China,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chenghong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, Shandong Province, China
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24
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Almeida F, Marques S, Santos A, Prins C, Cardoso F, Heringer L, Mendonça H, Martinez A. Molecular approaches for spinal cord injury treatment. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:23-30. [PMID: 35799504 PMCID: PMC9241396 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.344830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the spinal cord result in permanent disabilities that limit daily life activities. The main reasons for these poor outcomes are the limited regenerative capacity of central neurons and the inhibitory milieu that is established upon traumatic injuries. Despite decades of research, there is still no efficient treatment for spinal cord injury. Many strategies are tested in preclinical studies that focus on ameliorating the functional outcomes after spinal cord injury. Among these, molecular compounds are currently being used for neurological recovery, with promising results. These molecules target the axon collapsed growth cone, the inhibitory microenvironment, the survival of neurons and glial cells, and the re-establishment of lost connections. In this review we focused on molecules that are being used, either in preclinical or clinical studies, to treat spinal cord injuries, such as drugs, growth and neurotrophic factors, enzymes, and purines. The mechanisms of action of these molecules are discussed, considering traumatic spinal cord injury in rodents and humans.
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25
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Georgoulis I, Bock C, Lannig G, Pörtner HO, Feidantsis K, Giantsis IA, Sokolova IM, Michaelidis B. Metabolic remodeling caused by heat hardening in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:285988. [PMID: 36426666 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Organisms can modify and increase their thermal tolerance faster and more efficiently after a brief exposure to sublethal thermal stress. This response is called 'heat hardening' as it leads to the generation of phenotypes with increased heat tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of heat hardening on the metabolomic profile of Mytilus galloprovincialis in order to identify the associated adjustments of biochemical pathways that might benefit the mussels' thermal tolerance. Thus, mussels were exposed sequentially to two different phases (heat hardening and acclimation phases). To gain further insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the metabolic response of the heat-hardened M. galloprovincialis, metabolomics analysis was complemented by the estimation of mRNA expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and alternative oxidase (AOX) implicated in the metabolic pathways of gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and redox homeostasis, respectively. Heat-hardened mussels showed evidence of higher activity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and diversification of upregulated metabolic pathways, possibly as a mechanism to increase ATP production and extend survival under heat stress. Moreover, formate and taurine accumulation provide an antioxidant and cytoprotective role in mussels during hypoxia and thermal stress. Overall, the metabolic responses in non-heat-hardened and heat-hardened mussels underline the upper thermal limits of M. galloprovincialis, set at 26°C, and are in accordance with the OCLTT concept. The ability of heat-hardened mussels to undergo a rapid gain and slow loss of heat tolerance may be an advantageous strategy for coping with intermittent and often extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Georgoulis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christian Bock
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Postfach 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gisela Lannig
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Postfach 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-O Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Postfach 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, GR-53100 Florina, Greece
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, D-18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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26
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Johnson RJ, Sanchez Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Piani F, Borghi C. Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease: Still More to Do. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 8:229-239. [PMID: 36815099 PMCID: PMC9939362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout and hyperuricemia are present in 25% and 60% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), respectively. Despite the common association, the role of uric acid in the progression of kidney disease and in metabolic complications remains contested. Some authorities argue that the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in CKD is not indicated, and some have even suggested hyperuricemia may be beneficial. Here, we review the various arguments both for and against treatment. The weight of the evidence suggests asymptomatic hyperuricemia is likely injurious, but it may primarily relate to subgroups, those who have systemic crystal deposits, those with frequent urinary crystalluria or kidney stones, and those with high intracellular uric acid levels. We recommend carefully designed clinical trials to test if lowering uric acid in hyperuricemic subjects with cardiometabolic complications is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Correspondence: Richard J. Johnson, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, RC-2 Research Building, Room 7012, Mail Stop C281, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
| | - Laura G. Sanchez Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chavez,” , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Federica Piani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Caffeine-Induced Sleep Restriction Alters the Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolic Profiles in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314837. [PMID: 36499163 PMCID: PMC9737546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is becoming increasingly common and contributes to many health issues. To combat sleepiness, caffeine is consumed daily worldwide. Thus, caffeine consumption and sleep restriction often occur in succession. The gut microbiome can be rapidly affected by either one's sleep status or caffeine intake, whereas the synergistic effects of a persistent caffeine-induced sleep restriction remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of a chronic caffeine-induced sleep restriction on the gut microbiome and its metabolic profiles in mice. Our results revealed that the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was not altered, while the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria was significantly decreased. In addition, the content of the lipids was abundant and significantly increased. A pathway analysis of the differential metabolites suggested that numerous metabolic pathways were affected, and the glycerophospholipid metabolism was most significantly altered. Combined analysis revealed that the metabolism was significantly affected by variations in the abundance and function of the intestinal microorganisms and was closely relevant to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, a long-term caffeine-induced sleep restriction affected the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice, and substantially altered the metabolic profiles of the gut microbiome. This may represent a novel mechanism by which an unhealthy lifestyle such as mistimed coffee breaks lead to or exacerbates disease.
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28
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Kim IS, Jo EK. Inosine: A bioactive metabolite with multimodal actions in human diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043970. [PMID: 36467085 PMCID: PMC9708727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoside inosine is an essential metabolite for purine biosynthesis and degradation; it also acts as a bioactive molecule that regulates RNA editing, metabolic enzyme activity, and signaling pathways. As a result, inosine is emerging as a highly versatile bioactive compound and second messenger of signal transduction in cells with diverse functional abilities in different pathological states. Gut microbiota remodeling is closely associated with human disease pathogenesis and responses to dietary and medical supplementation. Recent studies have revealed a critical link between inosine and gut microbiota impacting anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial responses in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in our understanding of the mechanistic function of inosine, to unravel its immunomodulatory actions in pathological settings such as cancer, infection, inflammation, and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. We also highlight the role of gut microbiota in connection with inosine metabolism in different pathophysiological conditions. A more thorough understanding of the mechanistic roles of inosine and how it regulates disease pathologies will pave the way for future development of therapeutic and preventive modalities for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Jo
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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29
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Birder LA, Jackson EK. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase as a target to treat age-associated lower urinary tract dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:681-687. [PMID: 36071153 PMCID: PMC9842101 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The lower urinary tract (LUT), including the bladder, urethra and external striated muscle, becomes dysfunctional with age; consequently, many older individuals suffer from lower urinary tract disorders (LUTDs). By compromising urine storage and voiding, LUTDs degrade quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. Treatments for LUTDs have been disappointing, frustrating both patients and their physicians; however, emerging evidence suggests that partial inhibition of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) with 8-aminoguanine (an endogenous PNPase inhibitor that moderately reduces PNPase activity) reverses age-associated defects in the LUT and restores the LUT to that of a younger state. Thus, 8-aminoguanine improves LUT biochemistry, structure and function by rebalancing the LUT purine metabolome, making 8-aminoguanine a novel potential treatment for LUTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Birder
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Kelestemur T, Nemeth Z, Pacher P, Antonioli L, Haskó G. A 2A ADENOSINE RECEPTORS REGULATE MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN MICE. Shock 2022; 58:321-331. [PMID: 36018304 PMCID: PMC10292675 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Trauma hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) is a clinical condition that causes multiple organ failure that needs rapid intervention. Restricted oxygen at the cellular level causes inflammation and subsequent cell death. Adenosine triphosphate is the universal intracellular energy currency and an important extracellular inflammatory signaling molecule. Adenosine, an endogenous nucleotide formed as a result of the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate, is also released during T/HS. Adenosine binds to four G protein-coupled receptors (A 1R , A 2a , A 2b , A 3R ) called adenosine receptors or P1 receptors. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of activation, inactivation, and genetic absence of A2aR (A2aR -/- mice) on T/HS-induced multiple organ failure. Wild-type mice were pretreated (30 min before shock induction) with an agonist or antagonist and then subjected to T/HS by withdrawing arterial blood and maintaining the blood pressure between 28 and 32 mm Hg. A2aR -/- mice were subjected to T/HS in the absence of pharmacologic treatment. Neutrophil sequestration was assessed by detecting myeloperoxidase, and Evans blue dye (EBD) method was used to analyze lung permeability. Blood and lung inflammatory cytokine levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were determined spectrophotometrically from plasma. Activation of the apoptotic cascade was evaluated using a mouse apoptosis array. Our results demonstrate that the selective A2aR agonist CGS21680 decreases lung neutrophil sequestration, lung proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and bronchoalveolar lavage EBD. Pretreatment with the selective antagonist ZM241385 and genetic blockade in A2aR -/- mice increased neutrophil sequestration, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid EBD. The myeloperoxidase level in the lung was also increased in A2aR -/- mice. We observed that antiapoptotic markers decreased significantly with the absence of A2aR in the lung and spleen after T/HS. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that activation of A2aR regulates organ injury and apoptosis in the setting of T/HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Kelestemur
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Zoltan Nemeth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
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31
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Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Nakagawa T, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Tolan D, Gaucher EA, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Do thrifty genes exist? Revisiting uricase. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1917-1926. [PMID: 36150210 PMCID: PMC9512363 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sixty years ago, the geneticist James Neel proposed that the epidemics of obesity and diabetes today may have evolutionary roots. Specifically, he suggested that our ancestors may have accumulated mutations during periods of famine that provided a survival advantage at that time. However, the presence of this "thrifty genotype" in today's world, where food is plentiful, would predispose us to obesity and diabetes. The "thrifty gene" hypothesis, attractive to some, has been challenged over the years. The authors have previously postulated that the loss of the uricase gene, resulting in a rise in serum and intracellular uric acid levels, satisfies the criteria of a thrifty genotype mutation. This paper reviews and brings up-to-date the evidence supporting the hypothesis and discusses the current arguments that challenge this hypothesis. Although further studies are needed to test the hypothesis, the evidence supporting a loss of uricase as a thrifty gene is substantial and supports a role for evolutionary biology in the pathogenesis of the current obesity and diabetes epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico and INC Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dean Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - Eric A. Gaucher
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Peter Andrews
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Nephrology, Oregon Health Sciences University
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Inhibition of UBA6 by inosine augments tumour immunogenicity and responses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5413. [PMID: 36109526 PMCID: PMC9478149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer immunity and response to immune therapy is influenced by the metabolic states of the tumours. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) is known to involve metabolic adaptation, however, the mechanism is not fully known. Here we show, by metabolic profiling of plasma samples from melanoma-bearing mice undergoing anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 combination therapy, that higher levels of purine metabolites, including inosine, mark ICB sensitivity. Metabolic profiles of ICB-treated human cancers confirm the association between inosine levels and ICB sensitivity. In mouse models, inosine supplementation sensitizes tumours to ICB, even if they are intrinsically ICB resistant, by enhancing T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and hence generating an immunologically hotter microenvironment. We find that inosine directly inhibits UBA6 in tumour cells, and lower level of UBA6 makes the tumour more immunogenic and this is reflected in favourable outcome following ICB therapy in human melanomas. Transplanted mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells with genetic ablation of Uba6 show higher sensitivity to ICB than wild type tumours. Thus, we provide evidence of an inosine-regulated UBA6-dependent pathway governing tumour-intrinsic immunogenicity and hence sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition, which might provide targets to overcome ICB resistance. The metabolic environment of tumours has wide-ranging effects on the anti-tumour immune response and the outcome of immune therapy. Authors show here that the purine metabolite inosine enhances tumour immunogenicity and thus immune checkpoint blockade therapy response by inhibiting the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA6 in tumour cells.
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Combined experimental and theoretical investigations on 9-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one 4-nitrophenol (IPNP) molecule. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Moritz CEJ, Vieira AF, de Melo-Marins D, Figueiró F, Battastini AMO, Reischak-Oliveira A. Effects of physical exercise on the functionality of human nucleotidases: A systematic review. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15464. [PMID: 36117383 PMCID: PMC9483616 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotidases contribute to the regulation of inflammation, coagulation, and cardiovascular activity. Exercise promotes biological adaptations, but its effects on nucleotidase activities and expression are unclear. The objective of this study was to review systematically the effects of exercise on nucleotidase functionality in healthy and unhealthy subjects. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify, randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, uncontrolled clinical trials, quasi-experimental, pre-, and post-interventional studies that evaluated the effects of exercise on nucleotidases in humans, and was not limited by language and date. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias. Of the 203 articles identified, 12 were included in this review. Eight studies reported that acute exercise, in healthy and unhealthy subjects, elevated the activities or expression of nucleotidases. Four studies evaluated the effects of chronic training on nucleotidase activities in the platelets and lymphocytes of patients with metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension and found a decrease in nucleotidase activities in these conditions. Acute and chronic exercise was able to modify the blood plasma and serum levels of nucleotides and nucleosides. Our results suggest that short- and long-term exercise modulate nucleotidase functionality. As such, purinergic signaling may represent a novel molecular adaptation in inflammatory, thrombotic, and vascular responses to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Eduardo Jacintho Moritz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra Ferreira Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denise de Melo-Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento do Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento do Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Duarte-Silva E, Ulrich H, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Hartung HP, Meuth SG, Peixoto CA. The adenosinergic signaling in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946698. [PMID: 35967385 PMCID: PMC9368763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly disabling, progressive neurodegenerative disease with no curative treatment available. Although significant progress has been made in understanding how MS develops, there remain aspects of disease pathogenesis that are yet to be fully elucidated. In this regard, studies have shown that dysfunctional adenosinergic signaling plays a pivotal role, as patients with MS have altered levels adenosine (ADO), adenosine receptors and proteins involved in the generation and termination of ADO signaling, such as CD39 and adenosine deaminase (ADA). We have therefore performed a literature review regarding the involvement of the adenosinergic system in the development of MS and propose mechanisms by which the modulation of this system can support drug development and repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Recife, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zang X, Zhang J, Jiao P, Xue X, Lv Z. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Detection and Subtyping by UPLC-HRMS-Based Tissue Metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2011-2022. [PMID: 35856400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the prevalent histological subtype of lung cancer. In this study, we performed ultraperformance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)-based metabolic profiling of 227 tissue samples from 79 lung cancer patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (oPLS-DA) analyses showed that AC, SCC, and NSCLC tumors were discriminated from adjacent noncancerous tissue (ANT) and distant noncancerous tissue (DNT) samples with good accuracies (91.3, 100, and 88.3%), sensitivities (85.7, 100, and 83.9%), and specificities (94.3, 100, and 90.7%), using 12, 4, and 7 discriminant metabolites, respectively. The discriminant panel for AC detection included valine, sphingosine, glutamic acid γ-methyl ester, and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (16:0), levels of which in tumor tissues were significantly altered. Valine, sphingosine, LPC (18:1), and leucine derivatives were used for SCC detection. The discrimination between AC and SCC had 96.8% accuracy, 98.2% sensitivity, and 85.7% specificity using a five-metabolite panel, of which valine and creatine had significant differences. The classification models were further verified with external validation sets, showing a promising prospect for NSCLC tissue detection and subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Xuyan Xue
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
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Mao B, Guo W, Tang X, Zhang Q, Yang B, Zhao J, Cui S, Zhang H. Inosine Pretreatment Attenuates LPS-Induced Lung Injury through Regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway In Vivo. Nutrients 2022; 14:2830. [PMID: 35889786 PMCID: PMC9318366 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine is a type of purine nucleoside, which is considered to a physiological energy source, and exerts a widely range of anti-inflammatory efficacy. The TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway is essential for preventing host oxidative stresses and inflammation, and represents a promising target for host-directed strategies to improve some forms of disease-related inflammation. In the present study, the results showed that inosine pre-intervention significantly suppressed the pulmonary elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and restored the pulmonary catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities (p < 0.05) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. Simultaneously, inosine pre-intervention shifted the composition of the intestinal microbiota by decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, elevating the relative abundance of Tenericutes and Deferribacteres. Moreover, inosine pretreatment affected the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the pulmonary inflammatory response, and then regulated the expression of pulmonary iNOS, COX2, Nrf2, HO-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. These findings suggest that oral administration of inosine pretreatment attenuates LPS-induced pulmonary inflammatory response by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, and ameliorates intestinal microbiota disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (Q.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Koszalka P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Tomczyk M, Wietrzyk J, Serafin PK, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR)—A Novel Oncometabolite Modulating Cancer-Endothelial Interactions in Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105774. [PMID: 35628582 PMCID: PMC9145394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of specific metabolic intermediates is known to promote cancer progression. We analyzed the role of 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR), a nucleotide metabolite that accumulates in the blood of cancer patients, using the 4T1 murine in vivo breast cancer model, and cultured cancer (4T1) and endothelial cells (ECs) for in vitro studies. In vivo studies demonstrated that 4PYR facilitated lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. In vitro studies demonstrated that 4PYR affected extracellular adenine nucleotide metabolism and the intracellular energy status in ECs, shifting catabolite patterns toward the accumulation of extracellular inosine, and leading to the increased permeability of lung ECs. These changes prevailed over the direct effect of 4PYR on 4T1 cells that reduced their invasive potential through 4PYR-induced modulation of the CD73-adenosine axis. We conclude that 4PYR is an oncometabolite that affects later stages of the metastatic cascade by acting specifically through the regulation of EC permeability and metabolic controls of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Koszalka
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (E.M.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-1410 (P.K.); +48-58-349-1006 (E.M.S.)
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Pawel K. Serafin
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (E.M.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-1410 (P.K.); +48-58-349-1006 (E.M.S.)
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Metabolomics Reveals the Effects of High Dietary Energy Density on the Metabolism of Transition Angus Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091147. [PMID: 35565573 PMCID: PMC9105006 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase in the metabolic demand and the dramatically decreased feed intake of cows around parturition often cause a negative energy balance status in cows, which can cause metabolic disorders. Before parturition, dry matter intake of cows starts to decline, and this decline is practically unavoidable. Therefore, increasing the energy density of the diet is extremely important. We used untargeted metabolomics to reveal the effect of high dietary energy density on body metabolism and explore whether it can alleviate negative energy balance. Our research shows that feeding a high-energy diet could significantly improve antioxidant capacity, maintain phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and reduce the negative energy balance of cows by regulating lipid mobilization, muscle mobilization, and protein turnover. Abstract The diet energy level plays a vital role in the energy balance of transition cows. We investigated the effects of high dietary energy density on body metabolism. Twenty multiparous Angus cows were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (10 cows/treatment), one receiving a high-energy (HE) diet (NEm = 1.67 Mcal/kg of DM) and the other administered a control (CON) diet (NEm = 1.53 Mcal/kg of DM). The results indicated that feeding a high-energy diet resulted in higher plasma glucose concentration and lower concentrations of plasma NEFA and BHBA on d 14 relative to calving in the HE-fed cows compared to the CON-fed ones. The postpartum plasma levels of T-AOC were lower in cows that received the CON diet than in cows in the HE group, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an opposite trend. Among the 51 significantly different metabolites, the concentrations of most identified fatty acids decreased in HE cows. The concentrations of inosine, glutamine, and citric acid were higher in HE-fed cows than in CON-fed cows. Enrichment analysis revealed that linoleic acid metabolism, valine, leucine as well as isoleucine biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly enriched in the two groups.
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Inosine attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats via the activation of the A2AR/BDNF/TrKB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2022; 300:120569. [PMID: 35472453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary bizarre movements, psychiatric symptoms, dementia, and early death. Several studies suggested neuroprotective activities of inosine; however its role in HD is yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of inosine in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurotoxicity in rats while investigating possible underlying mechanisms. Rats were randomly divided into five groups; group 1 received i.p. injections of 1% DMSO, whereas groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days, concomitantly with inosine (200 mg/kg., i.p.) in groups 3, 4, and 5, SCH58261, a selective adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist, (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) in group 4, and PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) in group 5. Treatment with inosine mitigated 3-NP-induced motor abnormalities and body weight loss. Moreover, inosine boosted the striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, p-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB), p-ERK, and p-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression, which subsequently suppressed oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β) and replenished the glutathione content. Similarly, histopathological analyses revealed decreased striatal injury score, the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuronal loss after inosine treatment. These effects were attenuated by the pre-administration of SCH58261 or PD98059. In conclusion, inosine attenuated 3-NP-induced HD-like symptoms in rats, at least in part, via the activation of the A2AR/BDNF/TrKB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.
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Cancer immunotherapy resistance: The impact of microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids and other emerging metabolites. Life Sci 2022; 300:120573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qu Y, Dunn ZS, Chen X, MacMullan M, Cinay G, Wang HY, Liu J, Hu F, Wang P. Adenosine Deaminase 1 Overexpression Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:223-236. [PMID: 34225478 PMCID: PMC9206478 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy mediates unprecedented benefit in certain leukemias and lymphomas, but has yet to achieve similar success in combating solid tumors. A substantial body of work indicates that the accumulation of adenosine in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in abrogating immunotherapies. Adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA) catabolizes adenosine into inosine and is indispensable for a functional immune system. We have, for the first time, engineered CAR T cells to overexpress ADA. To potentially improve the pharmacokinetic profile of ADA, we have modified the overexpressed ADA in two ways, through the incorporation of a (1) albumin-binding domain or (2) collagen-binding domain. ADA and modified ADA were successfully expressed by CAR T cells and augmented CAR T cell exhaustion resistance. In a preclinical engineered ovarian carcinoma xenograft model, ADA and collagen-binding ADA overexpression significantly enhanced CAR T cell expansion, tumor tissue infiltration, tumor growth control, and overall survival, whereas albumin-binding ADA overexpression did not. Furthermore, in a syngeneic colon cancer solid tumor model, the overexpression of mouse ADA by cancer cells significantly reduced tumor burden and remodeled the TME to favor antitumor immunity. The overexpression of ADA for enhanced cell therapy is a safe, straightforward, reproducible genetic modification that can be utilized in current CAR T cell constructs to result in an armored CAR T product with superior therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Zachary S. Dunn
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Melanie MacMullan
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Gunce Cinay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Hsuan-yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Jiangyue Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fangheng Hu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering;,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy;,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering;,Correspondence: Dr. Pin Wang, Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Dutta N, Deb I, Sarzynska J, Lahiri A. Inosine and its methyl derivatives: Occurrence, biogenesis, and function in RNA. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 169-170:21-52. [PMID: 35065168 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Inosine is one of the most common post-transcriptional modifications. Since its discovery, it has been noted for its ability to contribute to non-Watson-Crick interactions within RNA. Rapidly accumulating evidence points to the widespread generation of inosine through hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine by different classes of adenosine deaminases. Three naturally occurring methyl derivatives of inosine, i.e., 1-methylinosine, 2'-O-methylinosine and 1,2'-O-dimethylinosine are currently reported in RNA modification databases. These modifications are expected to lead to changes in the structure, folding, dynamics, stability and functions of RNA. The importance of the modifications is indicated by the strong conservation of the modifying enzymes across organisms. The structure, binding and catalytic mechanism of the adenosine deaminases have been well-studied, but the underlying mechanism of the catalytic reaction is not very clear yet. Here we extensively review the existing data on the occurrence, biogenesis and functions of inosine and its methyl derivatives in RNA. We also included the structural and thermodynamic aspects of these modifications in our review to provide a detailed and integrated discussion on the consequences of A-to-I editing in RNA and the contribution of different structural and thermodynamic studies in understanding its role in RNA. We also highlight the importance of further studies for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the different classes of deamination reactions. Further investigation of the structural and thermodynamic consequences and functions of these modifications in RNA should provide more useful information about their role in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Dutta
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrajit Deb
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Joanna Sarzynska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ansuman Lahiri
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Hodgkinson A, Wall C, Wang W, Szeto IM, Ye W, Day L. Nucleotides: an updated review of their concentration in breast milk. Nutr Res 2022; 99:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bao Y, Peng J, Yang KL, Wang CH, Guo YF, Guo ZS, Du SY. Therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine Di-Long (Pheretima vulgaris) on rheumatoid arthritis through inhibiting NF-κB activation and regulating Th1/Th2 balance. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112643. [PMID: 35033948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicine Di-Long, the dried body of Pheretima vulgaris (Chen) has been used for the treatment of joint inflammation, arthralgia and numbness of limbs for many years. This study was to investigate the anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) effects of Di-Long and to explore its possible mechanisms. The identification and quantification of representative components in Di-Long extracts (DL) were carried out by HPLC analysis. The anti-RA effects and mechanisms of DL were studied in CIA mice, RAW 264.7 macrophages and spleen T lymphocytes. The Th1/Th2 cell ratio in CIA mice spleens were determined by Flow cytometry. The cytokine levels were determined by ELISA method. The expressions of p-NF-κB p65 in ankle joints of CIA mice were detected by Immunohistochemistry analysis. The phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages and expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 in CIA mice spleens were determined by Western blots. The treatment with DL significantly decreased the paw thickness, arthritis scores and inflammatory cells infiltration in CIA mice. The TNF-α, IL-6 concentrations in both mice serum and macrophages secretion were markedly reduced with the treatment of DL, as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB pathway. DL inhibited the expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 and decreased Th1/Th2 cells ratio in CIA mice spleens. DL reduced IFN-γ, IL-2 levels in mice serum and spleen T lymphocytes, and increased IL-4 levels in CIA mice serum. Chinese medicine Di-Long have significant anti-RA effects. The mechanisms might be inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarigui Bao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kai-Li Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang-Hai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Fei Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zi-Shuo Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shou-Ying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wu J, Singh K, Lin A, Meadows AM, Wu K, Shing V, Bley M, Hassanzadeh S, Huffstutler RD, Schmidt MS, Blanco LP, Tian R, Brenner C, Pirooznia M, Kaplan MJ, Sack MN. Boosting NAD+ blunts toll-like receptor-4 induced type-I interferon in control and systemic lupus erythematosus monocytes. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:139828. [PMID: 35025762 PMCID: PMC8884917 DOI: 10.1172/jci139828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting and NAD+-boosting compounds including NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) confer anti-inflammatory effects. However, the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential are incompletely defined. METHODS We explored the underlying biology in myeloid cells from healthy volunteers following in-vivo placebo or NR administration and subsequently tested the findings in-vitro in monocytes extracted from subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). RESULTS RNA sequencing of unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes implicate NR in the regulation of autophagy and type I interferon signaling. In primary monocytes NR blunts LPS-induced IFNβ production and genetic or pharmacologic disruption of autophagy phenocopies this effect. Given NAD+ is a co-enzyme in oxidoreductive reactions, metabolomics was performed and identified that NR increased inosine level. Inosine supplementation similarly blunts autophagy and IFNβrelease. Finally, as SLE exhibits type I interferon dysregulation, we assessed the NR effect on SLE patient monocytes and found that NR reduces autophagy and interferon-β release. CONCLUSION We conclude that NR, in an NAD+-dependent manner and in part via inosine-signaling, mediates suppression of autophagy and attenuates type I interferon in myeloid cells and identifies NR as a potential adjunct for SLE management. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrails.gov registration numbers: NCT02812238, NCT00001846 and NCT00001372. FUNDING This work was supported by the NHLBI and NIAMS Divisions of Intramural Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Komudi Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Amy Lin
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Allison M Meadows
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Kaiyuan Wu
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Vivian Shing
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Maximilian Bley
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Shahin Hassanzadeh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | | | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Luz P Blanco
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Med, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Charles Brenner
- Departments of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Gentile C, Finizio A, Froechlich G, D’Alise AM, Cotugno G, Amiranda S, Nicosia A, Scarselli E, Zambrano N, Sasso E. Generation of a Retargeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus Encoding Adenosine Deaminase for Tumor Adenosine Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413521. [PMID: 34948316 PMCID: PMC8705735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncolytic viruses are immunotherapeutic agents that can be engineered to encode payloads of interest within the tumor microenvironment to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Their therapeutic potential could be limited by many avenues for immune evasion exerted by the tumor. One such is mediated by adenosine, which induces pleiotropic immunosuppression by inhibiting antitumor immune populations as well as activating tolerogenic stimuli. Adenosine is produced starting from the highly immunostimulatory ATP, which is progressively hydrolyzed to ADP and adenosine by CD39 and CD73. Cancer cells express high levels of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes, thus converting immunostimulatory purinergic signal of ATP into an immunosuppressive signal. For this reason, CD39, CD73 and adenosine receptors are currently investigated in clinical trials as targets for metabolic cancer immunotherapy. This is of particular relevance in the context of oncovirotherapy, as immunogenic cell death induced by oncolytic viruses causes the secretion of a high amount of ATP which is available to be quickly converted into adenosine. Methods: Here, we took advantage of adenosine deaminase enzyme that naturally converts adenosine into the corresponding inosine derivative, devoid of immunoregulatory function. We encoded ADA into an oncolytic targeted herpes virus redirected to human HER2. An engineered ADA with an ectopic signal peptide was also generated to improve enzyme secretion (ADA-SP). Results: Insertion of the expression cassette was not detrimental for viral yield and cancer cell cytotoxicity. The THV_ADA and THV_ADA-SP successfully mediated the secretion of functional ADA enzyme. In in vitro model of human monocytes THP1, this ability of THV_ADA and THV_ADA-SP resulted in the retrieval of eADO-exposed monocytes replication rate, suggesting the proficiency of the viruses in rescuing the immune function. Conclusions: Encoding ADA into oncolytic viruses revealed promising properties for preclinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gentile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Finizio
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Guendalina Froechlich
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Anna Morena D’Alise
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Gabriella Cotugno
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Sara Amiranda
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Scarselli
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Bykowski EA, Petersson JN, Dukelow S, Ho C, Debert CT, Montina T, Metz GA. Urinary metabolomic signatures as indicators of injury severity following traumatic brain injury: A pilot study. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:200-206. [PMID: 34786572 PMCID: PMC8578034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of fluid metabolites has the potential to provide insight into the neuropathophysiology of injury in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). OBJECTIVE Using a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based quantitative metabolic profiling approach, this study determined (1) if urinary metabolites change during recovery in patients with mild to severe TBI; (2) whether changes in urinary metabolites correlate to injury severity; (3) whether biological pathway analysis reflects mechanisms that mediate neural damage/repair throughout TBI recovery. METHODS Urine samples were collected within 7 days and at 6-months post-injury in male participants (n = 8) with mild-severe TBI. Samples were analyzed with NMR-based quantitative spectroscopy for metabolomic profiles and analyzed with multivariate statistical and machine learning-based analyses. RESULTS Lower levels of homovanillate (R = -0.74, p ≤ 0.001), L-methionine (R = -0.78, p < 0.001), and thymine (R = -0.85, p < 0.001) negatively correlated to injury severity. Pathway analysis revealed purine metabolism to be a primary pathway (p < 0.01) impacted by TBI. CONCLUSION This study provides pilot data to support the use of urinary metabolites in clinical practice to better interpret biochemical changes underlying TBI severity and recovery. The discovery of urinary metabolites as biomarkers may assist in objective and rapid identification of TBI severity and prognosis. Thus, 1H NMR metabolomics has the potential to facilitate the adaptation of treatment programs that are personalized to the patient's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elani A. Bykowski
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jamie N. Petersson
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean Dukelow
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chester Ho
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chantel T. Debert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A.S. Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Abdelkader NF, Ibrahim SM, Moustafa PE, Elbaset MA. Inosine mitigated diabetic peripheral neuropathy via modulating GLO1/AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB/Nrf2 and TGF-β/PKC/TRPV1 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112395. [PMID: 34775239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine is a dietary supplement that is widely used for managing numerous central neurological disorders. Interestingly, recent experimental investigation of inosine revealed its potential to promote peripheral neuroprotection after sciatic nerve injury. Such investigation has guided the focus of the current study to expose the potential of inosine in mitigating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in rats and to study the possible underlying signaling pathways. Adult male Wistar rats were arbitrarily distributed into four groups. In the first group, animals received saline daily for 15 days whereas rats of the remaining groups received a single injection of both nicotinamide (50 mg/Kg/i.p.) and streptozotocin (52.5 mg/Kg/i.p.) for DPN induction. Afterward, inosine (10 mg/Kg/p.o.) was administered to two groups, either alone or in combination with caffeine (3.75 mg/Kg/p.o.), an adenosine receptor antagonist. As a result, inosine showed a hypoglycemic effect, restored the sciatic nerve histological structure, enhanced myelination, modulated conduction velocities and maintained behavioral responses. Furthermore, inosine increased GLO1, reduced AGE/RAGE axis and oxidative stress which in turn, downregulated NF-κB p65 and its phosphorylated form in the sciatic nerves. Inosine enhanced Nrf2 expression and its downstream molecule HO-1, resulting in increased CAT and SOD along with lowered MDA. Moreover, pain was relieved due to suppression of PKC and TRPV1 expression, which ultimately lead to reduced SP and TGF-β. The potential effects of inosine were nearly blocked by caffeine administration; this emphasizes the role of adenosine receptors in inosine-mediated neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, inosine alleviated hyperglycemia-induced DPN via modulating GLO1/AGE/RAGE/NF-κB p65/Nrf2 and TGF-β/PKC/TRPV1/SP pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- National Research center, Medical Division, Department of Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- National Research center, Medical Division, Department of Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt
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Lovászi M, Németh ZH, Gause WC, Gummadova J, Pacher P, Haskó G. Inosine monophosphate and inosine differentially regulate endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21935. [PMID: 34591327 PMCID: PMC9812230 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100862r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is the intracellular precursor for both adenosine monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate and thus plays a central role in intracellular purine metabolism. IMP can also serve as an extracellular signaling molecule, and can regulate diverse processes such as taste sensation, neutrophil function, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. How IMP regulates inflammation induced by bacterial products or bacteria is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that IMP suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and augmented IL-10 production in endotoxemic mice. IMP exerted its effects through metabolism to inosine, as IMP only suppressed TNF-α following its CD73-mediated degradation to inosine in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Studies with gene targeted mice and pharmacological antagonism indicated that A2A , A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors are not required for the inosine suppression of TNF-α production. The inosine suppression of TNF-α production did not require its metabolism to hypoxanthine through purine nucleoside phosphorylase or its uptake into cells through concentrative nucleoside transporters indicating a role for alternative metabolic/uptake pathways. Inosine augmented IL-β production by macrophages in which inflammasome was activated by lipopolysaccharide and ATP. In contrast to its effects in endotoxemia, IMP failed to affect the inflammatory response to abdominal sepsis and pneumonia. We conclude that extracellular IMP and inosine differentially regulate the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lovászi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - William C. Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Department of Medicine, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jennet Gummadova
- Daresbury Proteins Ltd, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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