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Seitz R, Tümen D, Kunst C, Heumann P, Schmid S, Kandulski A, Müller M, Gülow K. Exploring the Thioredoxin System as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer: Mechanisms and Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1078. [PMID: 39334737 PMCID: PMC11428833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells constantly face the challenge of managing oxidants. In aerobic organisms, oxygen (O2) is used for energy production, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of enzymatic reactions. To protect against oxidative damage, cells possess an intricate system of redox scavengers and antioxidant enzymes, collectively forming the antioxidant defense system. This system maintains the redox equilibrium and enables the generation of localized oxidative signals that regulate essential cellular functions. One key component of this defense is the thioredoxin (Trx) system, which includes Trx, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH. The Trx system reverses oxidation of macromolecules and indirectly neutralizes ROS via peroxiredoxin (Prx). This dual function protects cells from damage accumulation and supports physiological cell signaling. However, the Trx system also shields tumors from oxidative damage, aiding their survival. Due to elevated ROS levels from their metabolism, tumors often rely on the Trx system. In addition, the Trx system regulates critical pathways such as proliferation and neoangiogenesis, which tumors exploit to enhance growth and optimize nutrient and oxygen supply. Consequently, the Trx system is a potential target for cancer therapy. The challenge lies in selectively targeting malignant cells without disrupting the redox equilibrium in healthy cells. The aim of this review article is threefold: first, to elucidate the function of the Trx system; second, to discuss the Trx system as a potential target for cancer therapies; and third, to present the possibilities for inhibiting key components of the Trx system, along with an overview of the latest clinical studies on these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (R.S.); (D.T.); (C.K.); (P.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (M.M.)
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Yang B, Lin Y, Huang Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Thioredoxin (Trx): A redox target and modulator of cellular senescence and aging-related diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103032. [PMID: 38232457 PMCID: PMC10827563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a compact redox-regulatory protein that modulates cellular redox state by reducing oxidized proteins. Trx exhibits dual functionality as an antioxidant and a cofactor for diverse enzymes and transcription factors, thereby exerting influence over their activity and function. Trx has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for various diseases, particularly those associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Recent clinical investigations have underscored the significance of Trx in disease diagnosis, treatment, and mechanistic elucidation. Despite its paramount importance, the intricate interplay between Trx and cellular senescence-a condition characterized by irreversible growth arrest induced by multiple aging stimuli-remains inadequately understood. In this review, our objective is to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the structure and function of Trx, its involvement in redox signaling pathways and cellular senescence, its association with aging and age-related diseases, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. Our review aims to elucidate the novel and extensive role of Trx in senescence while highlighting its implications for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Neira JL, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Rejas V, Traverso JA, Rico M, López-Gorgé J, Chueca A, Cámara-Artigas A. Three-dimensional solution structure, dynamics and binding of thioredoxin m from Pisum sativum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129781. [PMID: 38296131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous small, globular proteins involved in cell redox processes. In this work, we report the solution structure of TRX m from Pisum sativum (pea), which has been determined on the basis of 1444 nuclear Overhauser effect- (NOE-) derived distance constraints. The average pairwise root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) for the 20 best structures for the backbone residues (Val7-Glu102) was 1.42 ± 0.15 Å, and 1.97 ± 0.15 Å when all heavy atoms were considered. The structure corresponds to the typical fold of TRXs, with a central five-stranded β-sheet flanked by four α-helices. Some residues had an important exchange dynamic contribution: those around the active site; at the C terminus of β-strand 3; and in the loop preceding α-helix 4. Smaller NOE values were observed at the N and C-terminal residues forming the elements of the secondary structure or, alternatively, in the residues belonging to the loops between those elements. A peptide derived from pea fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase), comprising the preceding region to the regulatory sequence of FBPase (residues Glu152 to Gln179), was bound to TRX m with an affinity in the low micromolar range, as measured by fluorescence and NMR titration experiments. Upon peptide addition, the intensities of the cross-peaks of all the residues of TRX m were affected, as shown by NMR. The value of the dissociation constant of the peptide from TRX m was larger than that of the intact FBPase, indicating that there are additional factors in other regions of the polypeptide chain of the latter protein affecting the binding to thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Neira
- IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Martina Palomino-Schätzlein
- ProtoQSAR SL, CEEI-Valencia. Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Av. Benjamin Franklin 12 (Dep. 8), 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginia Rejas
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Calle de Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - José A Traverso
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - Manual Rico
- Instituto de Quimica Física Blas Cabrera (CSIC), Calle Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio López-Gorgé
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental Zaidin, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Chueca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental Zaidin, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Cámara-Artigas
- Departamento de Química y Física, Research Center CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería- ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Haga M, Nagano N, Ozawa J, Tanaka K, Miyahara N, Fujimoto T, Ishii K, Namba F. The serum thioredoxin-1 levels are not associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03078-7. [PMID: 38365875 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the serum TRX-1 in extremely preterm infants (EPIs) after birth was associated with the development of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS This single-centered retrospective study enrolled EPIs treated at our institution. Serum TRX-1 concentrations of the residual samples taken on admission, day 10-20 of life, and 36-40 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The serum TRX-1 levels on admission were not different between the severe BPD (n = 46) and non-severe BPD groups (n = 67): [median (interquartile range) 147 (73.0-231) vs. 164 (80.5-248) ng/mL] (P = 0.57). These had no significant difference between the severe ROP (n = 47) and non-severe ROP groups (n = 66): [164 (71.3-237) vs. 150 (80.9-250) ng/mL] (P = 0.93). The TRX-1 levels at 10-20 days of life and 36-40 weeks of PMA also had no association with the development of severe BPD and ROP. CONCLUSION The serum TRX-1 levels after birth are not predictive of severe BPD and ROP. IMPACT Serum thioredoxin-1 levels in extremely preterm infants on the day of birth are lower than those in term or near-term infants hospitalized for transient tachypnea of the newborn. In extremely preterm infants, the serum thioredoxin-1 levels on the day of birth, at 10-20 days of life, and at postmenstrual age of 36-40 weeks were not associated with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity. The thioredoxin system is under development in extremely preterm infants; however, the serum thioredoxin-1 level is not predictive for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Haga
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Naoyuki Miyahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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Kansal H, Chopra V, Garg K, Sharma S. Role of thioredoxin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a promising future target. Respir Res 2023; 24:295. [PMID: 38001457 PMCID: PMC10668376 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thioredoxin (Trx) is a secretory protein that acts as an antioxidant, redox regulator, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory molecule. It has been used to treat dermatitis and inflammation of the digestive tract. In the lungs, Trx has a significant anti-inflammatory impact. On the other hand, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the significant causes of death in the developed world, with a tremendous individual and socioeconomic impact. Despite new initiatives and endless treatment trials, COPD incidence and death will likely escalate in the coming decades. AREAS COVERED COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease impacting the airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature. Oxidative stress and protease-antiprotease imbalances are thought to be involved in the process. The most popular respiratory inflammatory and allergic disorders therapies are corticosteroids and β-receptor agonists. These medications are helpful but have some drawbacks, such as infection and immunosuppression; thus, addressing Trx signalling treatments may be a viable COPD treatment approach. This review shall cover the pathophysiology of COPD, the pharmacognosy of anti-COPD drugs, including the assets and liabilities of each, and the role and mechanism of Trx in COPD treatment. EXPERT OPINION Limited research has targeted the thioredoxin system as an anti-COPD drug. Spectating the increase in the mortality rates of COPD, this review article would be an interesting one to research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Kansal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Vishal Chopra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, India
| | - Kranti Garg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India.
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Aslam H, Bi S, Irshadullah M. Analysis of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers in the liver of naturally infected Indian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) with cystic echinococcosis. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:340-348. [PMID: 37193507 PMCID: PMC10182200 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the antioxidants and oxidative stress markers in the liver of buffalo naturally infected with cystic echinococcosis. Infected and non-infected livers were collected from the abattoir, and processed to determine the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants. In addition, samples were also analyzed for liver tissue injury markers. A significantly higher level of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were observed in the infected liver compared to a healthy liver. On the other hand, the levels of glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TR) were significantly reduced in the infected liver compared to a healthy liver. Reduced glutathione (GSH), a key non-enzymatic antioxidant, was also decreased in the infected than in the non-infected liver. The cystic echinococcosis is accompanied by the enhanced production of ROS with subsequent elevation of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, as evident from increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), respectively. Enhanced MDA disrupts the cell membrane leading to the release of liver injury markers AST, ALT, ACP, and ALP, which suggest liver damage. This could result from the mechanical pressure and the space-occupying affect of cystic echinococcosis cysts. In summary, our findings suggest that alteration in the level of antioxidants and oxidative stress markers may potentially serve as evidence for the oxidative stress in the liver of infected buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humera Aslam
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Sabiha Bi
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Malik Irshadullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
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Quintanilha DB, Santos HFD. Analysis of Pleurotin binding to human thioredoxin reductase using docking and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35758249 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2092553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been considered a potential target for cancer chemotherapy. It acts by controlling the redox homeostasis of human cells and, therefore, interfering in its function may trigger apoptosis, which is a crucial tumor suppression mechanism. Despite the great effort in the search for TrxR inhibitors, none was approved for human therapy. In the present study a virtual screening for natural organic compounds is discussed for a set of 72 compounds with known IC-50 for TrxR inhibition. The results suggest the Pleurotin, a naphthoquinone obtained from Hohenbuehelia grisea fungus, as a potential TrxR inhibitor, which acts by binding to the active site of the enzyme, between the N- and C-terminal domains. The presence of the ligand blocks the approximation of the C-terminal arm to the N-terminal, which is an essential step of the enzyme function. Besides, the two equivalent binding sites of TrxR were explored, by docking two ligands simultaneously. The results indicate that both sites have an allosteric correlation and, the presence of the ligand in one site may interfere, or even prevent, the binding of the second ligand at the other site. All these findings are quantitatively discussed based on the analysis of long molecular dynamics trajectories, which provides a full description of the ligand-receptor binding modes, average binding energies and conformational changes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Quintanilha
- NEQC: Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Hélio F Dos Santos
- NEQC: Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Xu L, Lu Y, Wang N, Feng Y. The Role and Mechanisms of Selenium Supplementation on Fatty Liver-Associated Disorder. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050922. [PMID: 35624786 PMCID: PMC9137657 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease without effective therapy. Selenium, as an essential trace element for humans, is notable for its antioxidant properties. The previous study shows that selenium levels in NAFLD patients are lower than normal ones. Selenium supplementation can effectively alleviate metabolic disorders by relieving anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory regulation. However, the correlation between selenium and NAFLD has not been fully clarified. Herein, we review the current studies on selenium in regulating the different stages of NAFLD and summarize relevant clinical trials to highlight the potential roles of selenium in NAFLD treatment.
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Awan MUN, Yan F, Mahmood F, Bai L, Liu J, Bai J. The Functions of Thioredoxin 1 in Neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1023-1036. [PMID: 34465198 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is a ubiquitous protein that is found in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Trx1 acts as reductases in redox regulation and protects proteins from oxidative aggregation and inactivation. Trx1 helps the cells to cope with various environmental stresses and inhibits programmed cell death. It is beneficial to neuroregeneration and resistance against oxidative stress-associated neuron damage. Trx1 also plays important roles in suppressing neurodegenerative disorders. Recent Advances: Trx1 is a redox regulating protein involved in neuronal protection. According to a previous study, Trx1 expression is increased by nerve growth factor (NGF) and necessary for neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Trx1 has been shown to promote the growth of neurons. Trx1 knockout or knockdown has the worse impact on cell viability and survival. Critical Issues: Trx1 has functions in central nervous system. Trx1 plays the defensive roles against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Future Directions: In this review, we focus on the structure of Trx1 and basic functions of Trx1. Trx1 plays a neuroprotective role by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease. Neurodegenerative diseases have no cure and carry a high cost to the health care system and patient's families. Trx1 may be taken as a new target for neurodegenerative disorder therapy. Further studies of the Trx1 roles and mechanisms on neurodegenerative diseases are needed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1023-1036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liping Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Bulut A, Akca G, Keskin Aktan A, Akbulut KG, Babül A. The significance of blood and salivary oxidative stress markers and chemerin in gestational diabetes mellitus. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:695-699. [PMID: 34247809 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a medical complication of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the salivary and blood levels of oxidative stress markers and an adipokine chemerin, which play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study groups (Control (n = 29), GDM (n = 22)) had been assessed clinically healthy oral hygiene, according to the age range between 25 and 40 years, BMI<30 kg/m2, who were non-smokers and who were not having systemic diseases. GDM was diagnosed using a 100 g OGTT. Saliva samples were collected without stimulation between 08.30 and 10.00 a.m.. Chemerin and TrxR levels were measured by ELISA. Malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl and NO levels were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Statistical analysis were performed by Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U, Student's t test. RESULTS Blood pressure, BMI, and plasma chemerin, salivary chemerin, fasting glucose, LDL, triglyceride, CRP levels in GDM were not different when compared to Control. There were significant differences between Plasma TrxR and HDL levels. Also, significant differences between salivary TrxR and Malondialdehyde levels were observed in GDM. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the optimal cut-off points for oxidative stress parameters and chemerin level can be used to distinguish between healthy pregnant and GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Bulut
- Cyprus International University Faculty of Dentistry, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
| | - Gülçin Akca
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Keskin Aktan
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - K Gonca Akbulut
- Department of Physiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydan Babül
- Department of Physiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Cao X, He W, Pang Y, Cao Y, Qin A. Redox-dependent and independent effects of thioredoxin interacting protein. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1215-1231. [PMID: 32845855 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important physiological inhibitor of the thioredoxin (TXN) redox system in cells. Regulation of TXNIP expression and/or activity not only plays an important role in redox regulation but also exerts redox-independent physiological effects that exhibit direct pathophysiological consequences including elevated inflammatory response, aberrant glucose metabolism, cellular senescence and apoptosis, cellular immunity, and tumorigenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the current knowledge concerning the redox-dependent and independent roles of TXNIP and its relevance to various disease states. The implications for the therapeutic targeting of TXNIP will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Yichuan Pang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
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Production and Characterization of Sumac PlantCrystals: Influence of High-Pressure Homogenization on Antioxidant Activity of Sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061051. [PMID: 34071143 PMCID: PMC8224616 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress diseases are usually treated or prevented by using antioxidants from natural or artificial sources. However, as a sustainable source of phytochemicals, plants got a renewed interest in obtaining their active agents using green extraction technologies, i.e., sustainable extraction techniques that reduce energy consumption, use renewable sources and result in less post-extraction wastes. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique was introduced into the food industry since it was invented in 1900 to homogenize milk and later to produce fruit juices with a longer shelf-life without preservatives. Recently, HPH was introduced as an eco-friendly method to nanomill plants for improved extraction efficacy without using organic solvents. In this study, sumac was used as an antioxidants-rich spice model to investigate the effects of HPH on its antioxidant capacity (AOC). Sumac was rendered into PlantCrystals by using HPH. Particle size characterization proved the presence of submicron-sized particles (about 750 nm). Thus, HPH was able to produce sumac PlantCrystals and increased the AOC of bulk sumac by more than 650% according to the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents showed higher values after HPH. Interestingly, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay also showed a well improved AOC (similar to ascorbic acid) after HPH. In fact, in this study, the PlantCrystal-technology was demonstrated to cause an efficient cell rupture of the sumac plant cells. This caused an efficient release of antioxidants and resulted in sumac PlantCrystals with a 6.5-fold higher antioxidant capacity when compared to non-processed sumac bulk material.
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Zhang J, Duan D, Osama A, Fang J. Natural Molecules Targeting Thioredoxin System and Their Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1083-1107. [PMID: 33115246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase are two core members of the Trx system. The system bridges the gap between the universal reducing equivalent NADPH and various biological molecules and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. Recent Advance: In recent years, the Trx system has been well documented as an important regulator of many diseases, especially tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic molecules targeting the system is of great significance for disease treatment. Critical Issues: We herein first discuss the physiological functions of the Trx system and the role that the Trx system plays in various diseases. Then, we focus on the introduction of natural small molecules with potential therapeutic applications, especially the anticancer activity, and review their mechanisms of pharmacological actions via interfering with the Trx system. Finally, we further discuss several natural molecules that harbor therapeutic potential and have entered different clinical trials. Future Directions: Further studies on the functions of the Trx system in multiple diseases will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human disorders but also help develop novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1083-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
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14
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Bjørklund G, Doşa MD, Maes M, Dadar M, Frye RE, Peana M, Chirumbolo S. The impact of glutathione metabolism in autism spectrum disorder. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105437. [PMID: 33493659 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the potential role of glutathione (GSH) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). GSH plays a key role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and maintenance of balance in intracellular redox pathways. Recent data showed that imbalances in the GSH redox system are an important factor in the pathophysiology of ASD. Furthermore, ASD is accompanied by decreased concentrations of reduced GSH in part caused by oxidation of GSH into glutathione disulfide (GSSG). GSSG can react with protein sulfhydryl (SH) groups, thereby causing proteotoxic stress and other abnormalities in SH-containing enzymes in the brain and blood. Moreover, alterations in the GSH metabolism via its effects on redox-independent mechanisms are other processes associated with the pathophysiology of ASD. GSH-related regulation of glutamate receptors such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor can contribute to glutamate excitotoxicity. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between glutamate and GSH can result in neuronal dysfunction. These interactions can involve transcription factors of the immune pathway, such as activator protein 1 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, thereby interacting with neuroinflammatory mechanisms, ultimately leading to neuronal damage. Neuronal apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction are recently outlined as significant factors linking GSH impairments with the pathophysiology of ASD. Moreover, GSH regulates the methylation of DNA and modulates epigenetics. Existing data support a protective role of the GSH system in ASD development. Future research should focus on the effects of GSH redox signaling in ASD and should explore new therapeutic approaches by targeting the GSH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Monica Daniela Doşa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Campus, 900470, Constanta, Romania.
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Impact Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Richard E Frye
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
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15
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Mafireyi TJ, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM. Fluorogenic probes for thioredoxin reductase activity. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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16
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Wang W, Huang L, Thomas ER, Hu Y, Zeng F, Li X. Notoginsenoside R1 Protects Against the Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity via Upregulating Trx-1-Mediated ITGAV Expression: Involvement of Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:559046. [PMID: 32982756 PMCID: PMC7493052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.559046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a common chemical used in various industries and it said to have chronic neurotoxic effects. It is produced during tobacco smoking and is also generated in high-starch foods during heat processing. Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is used to improve the blood circulation and clotting. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of ACR-triggered neurotoxicity and to identify the protective role of NR1 by upregulating thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1). Our results have shown that NR1 could block the spatial and cognitive impairment caused by ACR administration. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Trx-1 regulated autophagy via Integrin alpha V (ITGAV). NR1 could resist the ACR-induced neurotoxicity by upregulating thioredoxin-1 in PC12 cells and mice. The autophagy-related proteins like autophagy-related gene (ATG) 4B, Cathepsin D, LC3 II, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2a (LAMP2a), and ITGAV were restored to normal levels by NR1 treatment in both PC12 cells and mice. Besides, we also found that overexpression of Trx-1 resisted ACR-induced autophagy in PC12 cells and downregulation of Trx-1 triggered autophagy induced by ACR in PC12 cells. Therefore, it could be concluded that Trx-1 was involved in the autophagy pathway. Besides, we also found that ITGAV was an intermediate node linking Trx-1 and the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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17
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Lee KH, Cha M, Lee BH. Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197152. [PMID: 32998277 PMCID: PMC7582347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content, high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase susceptibility to neuronal damage and functional deficits, via oxidative changes in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Overabundance and abnormal levels of ROS and/or overload of metals are regulated by cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions of antioxidants in the brain. Single and/or complex antioxidant compounds targeting oxidative stress, redox metals, and neuronal cell death have been evaluated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials as a complementary therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we present a general analysis and overview of various antioxidants and suggest potential courses of antioxidant treatments for the neuroprotection of the brain from oxidative injury. This review focuses on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in the brain and examines the relative advantages and methodological concerns when assessing antioxidant compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea;
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1711
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18
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Tanaka LY, Oliveira PVS, Laurindo FRM. Peri/Epicellular Thiol Oxidoreductases as Mediators of Extracellular Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:280-307. [PMID: 31910038 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Supracellular redox networks regulating cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and organ system architecture merge with structural and functional (catalytic or allosteric) properties of disulfide bonds. This review addresses emerging evidence that exported thiol oxidoreductases (TORs), such as thioredoxin, protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), quiescin sulfhydryl oxidases (QSOX)1, and peroxiredoxins, composing a peri/epicellular (pec)TOR pool, mediate relevant signaling. pecTOR functions depend mainly on kinetic and spatial regulation of thiol-disulfide exchange reactions governed by redox potentials, which are modulated by exported intracellular low-molecular-weight thiols, together conferring signal specificity. Recent Advances: pecTOR redox-modulates several targets including integrins, ECM proteins, surface molecules, and plasma components, although clear-cut documentation of direct effects is lacking in many cases. TOR catalytic pathways, displaying common patterns, culminate in substrate thiol reduction, oxidation, or isomerization. Peroxiredoxins act as redox/peroxide sensors, contrary to PDIs, which are likely substrate-targeted redox modulators. Emerging evidence suggests important pecTOR roles in patho(physio)logical processes, including blood coagulation, vascular remodeling, mechanosensing, endothelial function, immune responses, and inflammation. Critical Issues: Effects of pecPDIs supporting thrombosis/platelet activation have been well documented and reached the clinical arena. Roles of pecPDIA1 in vascular remodeling/mechanosensing are also emerging. Extracellular thioredoxin and pecPDIs redox-regulate immunoinflammation. Routes of TOR externalization remain elusive and appear to involve Golgi-independent routes. pecTORs are particularly accessible drug targets. Future Directions: Further understanding mechanisms of thiol redox reactions and developing assays for assessing pecTOR redox activities remain important research avenues. Also, addressing pecTORs as disease markers and achieving more efficient/specific drugs for pecTOR modulation are major perspectives for diagnostic/therapeutic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Percillia V S Oliveira
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Oncogenic hijacking of a developmental transcription factor evokes vulnerability toward oxidative stress in Ewing sarcoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2423. [PMID: 32415069 PMCID: PMC7228971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive childhood cancer likely originating from mesenchymal stem cells or osteo-chondrogenic progenitors. It is characterized by fusion oncoproteins involving EWSR1 and variable members of the ETS-family of transcription factors (in 85% FLI1). EWSR1-FLI1 can induce target genes by using GGAA-microsatellites as enhancers. Here, we show that EWSR1-FLI1 hijacks the developmental transcription factor SOX6 – a physiological driver of proliferation of osteo-chondrogenic progenitors – by binding to an intronic GGAA-microsatellite, which promotes EwS growth in vitro and in vivo. Through integration of transcriptome-profiling, published drug-screening data, and functional in vitro and in vivo experiments including 3D and PDX models, we discover that constitutively high SOX6 expression promotes elevated levels of oxidative stress that create a therapeutic vulnerability toward the oxidative stress-inducing drug Elesclomol. Collectively, our results exemplify how aberrant activation of a developmental transcription factor by a dominant oncogene can promote malignancy, but provide opportunities for targeted therapy. Ewing sarcoma is characterized by the fusion of EWSR1 and FLI1. Here, the authors show that EWSR1-FLI1 increases the activity of the developmental transcription factor SOX6, which promotes tumor growth but also increases sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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20
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Nitrosative Stress Is Associated with Dopaminergic Dysfunction in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 189:1375-1385. [PMID: 31230667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in antiretroviral therapy have resulted in significantly decreased HIV-related mortality. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, however, continue to be a major problem in infected patients. The neuropathology underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders has not been well characterized, and evidence suggests different contributing mechanisms. One potential mechanism is the induction of oxidative stress. Using the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat model of HIV, we found increased striatal NADPH oxidase-4 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in the adult (7- to 9-month-old) Tg rat compared with control rats but not in the young (1-month-old) Tg rats. This was accompanied by increased 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunostaining in the adult Tg rats, which worsened significantly in the old Tg rats (18 to 20 months old). There was, however, no concurrent induction of the antioxidant systems because there was no change in the expression of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its downstream targets (thioredoxin and glutathione antioxidant systems). Colocalization of 3-NT staining with neurofilament proteins and evidence of decreased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression in the old rats support dopaminergic involvement. We conclude that the HIV-1 Tg rat brain shows evidence of nitrosative stress without appropriate oxidation-reduction adaptation, whereas 3-NT modification of striatal neurofilament proteins likely points to the ensuing dopaminergic neuronal loss and dysfunction in the aging HIV-1 Tg rat.
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21
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Wang W, Huang L, Hu Y, Thomas ER, Li X. Neuroprotective effects of notoginsenoside R1 by upregulating Trx-1 on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in PC12. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:797-807. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327120901586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a water-soluble chemical that is commonly used in chemical and cosmetic manufacture. Many studies have been carried out to investigate the neurotoxicity mechanisms of ACR, resulting in oxidative stress and nerve damages. One of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines is notoginsenoside R1 (NR1). However, its mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic effect caused in ACR-induced neurotoxicity has not been reported. Our results have shown that NR1 resisted the neurotoxicity induced by ACR by upregulating the levels of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) in Rat adrenal chromaffin cell tumor (PC12) cells. NR1 inhibited the increase in levels of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3, which was instigated by ACR. Moreover, NR1 inhibited the decrease in levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 and Trx-1 induced by ACR. The downregulation of Trx-1 aggravated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and increased the expression of the above molecules, which was induced by ACR. In contrast, overexpression of Trx-1 attenuated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and inhibited the expression of the mentioned molecules induced by ACR. Our results suggested that NR1 protected ACR-induced mitochondrial apoptosis by upregulating Trx-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The authors contributed equally to this work
| | - L Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - ER Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - X Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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22
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Ji MJ, Hong JH. An overview of carbonic anhydrases and membrane channels of synoviocytes in inflamed joints. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 34:1615-1622. [PMID: 31480869 PMCID: PMC6735303 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1659791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly aggressive fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are inflammatory mediators involved in synovial joint destruction. Membrane channels and transporters are essential components of the cell migration apparatus and are involved in various cellular functions. Although evidence is emerging that cell migration is a physiological/pathological process, the mechanism of highly dynamic synoviocytes linked to the membrane channels and carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in inflamed joints is only partially understood. In this review, topics covered will give a brief overview of CAs and the membrane channels of synoviocytes. We have also systematically focused on the role of FLS channels and transporters under various conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to understand the pathophysiology of the migration of synoviocytes as inflammatory mediators in joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute , Incheon , South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute , Incheon , South Korea
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23
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Oraby MI, Rabie RA. Blood biomarkers for stroke: the role of thioredoxin in diagnosis and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Thioredoxin exists and released from cells during inflammation and oxidative stress and was recognized as an oxidative-stress marker.
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the role of thioredoxin as an oxidative stress biomarker in diagnosis and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke in a sample of patients recruited from Beni-Suef Governorate, north Upper Egypt.
Methods
A case control study included 100 subjects; 50 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke presented within 24 h from the onset and 50 healthy volunteers as a control. Clinical, functional, and radiological evaluation was done for the patients, and all patients and control were subjected to routine laboratory tests and assessment of serum level of thioredoxin by solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Thioredoxin was significantly higher in acute stroke patients compared to control group (p value = 0.001). Thioredoxin level was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (p value = 0.007), patients who had carotid stenosis ≥50% (p value = 0.001), patients with poor outcome (p value = 0.009), and in patients with cardio-embolic stroke (p value = 0.001).
Significant positive correlation was found between thioredoxin level and volume of infarction (r = 0.501 and p = 0.001), stroke severity at presentation (r = 0.503 and p = 0.021) and clinical outcome after 3 months (r = 0.551 and p value = 0.001).
Conclusion
Thioredoxin as a marker of oxidative stress can be used as a new diagnostic and prognostic blood biomarker for stroke.
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Lee D, Xu IMJ, Chiu DKC, Leibold J, Tse APW, Bao MHR, Yuen VWH, Chan CYK, Lai RKH, Chin DWC, Chan DFF, Cheung TT, Chok SH, Wong CM, Lowe SW, Ng IOL, Wong CCL. Induction of Oxidative Stress Through Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Is an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2019; 69:1768-1786. [PMID: 30561826 PMCID: PMC8690574 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide which lacks effective treatment. Cancer cells experience high levels of oxidative stress due to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased antioxidant-producing capacity is therefore found in cancer cells to counteract oxidative stress. The thioredoxin system is a ubiquitous mammalian antioxidant system which scavenges ROS, and we demonstrate that it is vital for HCC growth as it maintains intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis. Transcriptome sequencing in human HCC samples revealed significant overexpression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), the cytosolic subunit and key enzyme of the thioredoxin system, with significant correlations to poorer clinicopathological features and patient survival. Driven by the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, the master protector against oxidative stress, TXNRD1 counteracts intracellular ROS produced in human HCC. Inhibition of TXNRD1 through genetic inhibition hindered the proliferation of HCC cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. Administration of the pharmacological TXNRD1 inhibitor auranofin (AUR) effectively suppressed the growth of HCC tumors induced using the hydrodynamic tail vein injection and orthotopic implantation models in vivo. Furthermore, AUR sensitized HCC cells toward the conventional therapeutic sorafenib. Conclusion: Our study highlights the reliance of HCC cells on antioxidants for redox homeostasis and growth advantage; targeting TXNRD1 resulted in dramatic accumulation of ROS, which was found to be an effective approach for the suppression of HCC tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Josef Leibold
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aki Pui-Wah Tse
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tan-To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Ho Chok
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ming Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Correspondence: Dr Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, T8-010, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Phone: (852) 2255-5077, Fax: (852) 2872-5197, , or, Professor Irene Oi-Lin Ng, T7-018, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Phone: (852) 2255-2658, Fax: (852) 2872-5197,
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Correspondence: Dr Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, T8-010, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Phone: (852) 2255-5077, Fax: (852) 2872-5197, , or, Professor Irene Oi-Lin Ng, T7-018, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Phone: (852) 2255-2658, Fax: (852) 2872-5197,
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Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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26
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Kouroussis E, Adhikari B, Zivanovic J, Filipovic MR. Measurement of Protein Persulfidation: Improved Tag-Switch Method. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2007:37-50. [PMID: 31148105 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9528-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced signaling gasotransmitter, generated by the enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase, cystathionine β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. The involvement of H2S in numerous physiological, as well as pathophysiological conditions, was established over the past decade. However, the exact mechanism(s) of regulation of the biological functions by H2S are under active investigations. It is proposed that the oxidative posttranslational modification of protein cysteine residues, known as persulfidation, could be the main mechanism of action of H2S. Protein persulfides show similar reactivity to thiols, which represents one of the main obstacles in the development of a reliable method for detection of this specific protein modification. Subsequently, having a selective method for persulfide detection is of utmost importance in order to fully understand the physiological and pathophysiological role of H2S. Several methods have been proposed for the detection of protein persulfidation, all of which are highlighted in this chapter. Furthermore, we provide a detailed description and protocol for the first selective persulfide labeling method, a tag-switch method, developed in our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kouroussis
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bikash Adhikari
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jasmina Zivanovic
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France.
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France.
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27
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Yaghoubi N, Youssefi M, Hashemy SI, Rafat Panah H, Mashkani BA, Zahedi Avval F. Thioredoxin reductase gene expression and activity among human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-infected patients. J Med Virol 2018; 91:865-871. [PMID: 30489643 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thioredoxin (Trx) system is a reducing complex, consisting of Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, that scavenges reactive oxygen species. The system is a natural protective mechanism to prevent apoptosis and progression of oxidative stress-related diseases. The present study was conducted to explore possible changes in TrxR activity and gene expression as a response to the oxidative stress during HTLV-1 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from 40 HTLV-1-infected patients and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The patient group consisted of chronic asymptomatic carriers and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM-TSP) patients. A commercial kit was used to measure the TrxR enzyme activity, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate TrxR gene expression in extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS A decreasing pattern of TrxR enzyme activity was observed among control, carrier, and HAM-TSP groups (mean ± SD; controls, 0.1734 ± 0.056; carriers, 0.134 ± 0.065; and HAM-TSP, 0.0928 ± 0.047 µmol/min/mL). Cellular TrxR gene expression showed the same decreasing trend. The fold differences of gene expression in carriers and HAM-TSP groups compared with healthy controls were 0.8 and 0.7 vs 1, respectively. CONCLUSION We found a reduction in TrxR expression as well as serum enzyme activity in HTLV-1-infected individuals, particularly in HAM-TSP patients. The reduced TrxR activity during HTLV-1 infection may hamper the natural protective mechanisms, thereby contributes to virus-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Yaghoubi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Youssefi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafat Panah
- Inflamation and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Barat Ali Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Zahedi Avval
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Edo Y, Otaki A, Asano K. Quercetin Enhances the Thioredoxin Production of Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E124. [PMID: 30469393 PMCID: PMC6313642 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thioredoxin (TRX) acts as both a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an immuno-modulator. Although quercetin has been shown to favorably modify allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms, its influence on TRX production is not well defined. The present study was designed to examine whether quercetin could favorably modify AR symptoms via the TRX production of nasal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were stimulated with H2O2 in the presence of quercetin. TRX levels in 24-h culture supernatants were examined with ELISA. BALB/c male mice were intraperitoneally sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and intranasally challenged with OVA every other day, beginning seven days after the final sensitization. The mice were orally administered quercetin once a day for five consecutive days, beginning seven days after the final sensitization. Nasal symptoms were assessed by counting the number of sneezes and nasal rubbing behaviors during a 10-min period immediately after the challenge. TRX levels in nasal lavage fluids obtained 6 h after the challenge were examined by ELISA. Results: Treatment with 1.0 nM quercetin increased H2O2-induced TRX levels. The oral administration of 20.0 mg/kg of quercetin significantly inhibited nasal symptoms after the challenge. The same dose of quercetin significantly increased TRX levels in nasal lavage fluids. Conclusions: Quercetin's ability to increase TRX production may account, at least in part, for its clinical efficacy toward AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Edo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Showa University Graduate School, Yokohama 226-8555, Japan.
| | - Amane Otaki
- Division of Nursing, Showa University School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Yokohama 226-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Asano
- Division of Physiology, Showa University School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Yokohama 226-8555, Japan.
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29
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Lönnerdal B, Vargas-Fernández E, Whitacre M. Selenium fortification of infant formulas: does selenium form matter? Food Funct 2018; 8:3856-3868. [PMID: 28991311 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element essential for the health and development of the growing infant. It is a necessary component of proteins and enzymes required for a variety of functions, including antioxidant defense, modulation of the inflammatory response, and production of thyroid hormones. In breast-fed infants, selenium stores depend on the selenium content of the mother's diet. In formula-fed infants, selenium levels are correlated to the residual selenium stores accumulated in utero and the level and type of selenium fortification used in the formula. Today, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that infant formulas contain selenium at levels between 2.0 and 7.0 μg per 100 kcal. While the US FDA does not recommend a particular selenium form for fortification, evidence indicates that organically bound selenium forms (e.g., selenomethionine and selenium-enriched yeast) are better absorbed and retained than inorganic forms (e.g., selenite and selenate). Preliminary data from studies in adults do suggest that fortification with standardized selenium-enriched yeast may offer benefits compared to fortification with other organically bound selenium forms. However, because most studies evaluating the impact of selenium fortification of infant formula have assessed inorganic selenium supplements, additional research into the bioavailability and outcomes associated with the use of selenium-enriched yeast in infants is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, USA.
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30
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Li X, Huang M, Yang L, Guo N, Yang X, Zhang Z, Bai M, Ge L, Zhou X, Li Y, Bai J. Overexpression of Thioredoxin-1 Blocks Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference Through Regulating the Interaction of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Dopamine Systems. Front Neurol 2018; 9:309. [PMID: 29770121 PMCID: PMC5941988 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine is one kind of opioid, which is currently the most effective widely utilized pain relieving pharmaceutical. Long-term administration of morphine leads to dependence and addiction. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an important redox regulating protein and works as a neurotrophic cofactor. Our previous study showed that geranylgeranylaceton, an inducer of Trx-1 protected mice from rewarding effects induced by morphine. However, whether overexpression of Trx-1 can block morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice is still unknown. In this study, we first examined whether overexpression of Trx-1 affects the CPP after morphine training and further examined the dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems involved in rewarding effects. Our results showed that morphine-induced CPP was blocked in Trx-1 overexpression transgenic (TG) mice. Trx-1 expression was induced by morphine in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in wild-type (WT) mice, which was not induced in Trx-1 TG mice. The DA level and expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and D1 were induced by morphine in WT mice, which were not induced in Trx-1 TG mice. The GABA level and expression of GABABR were decreased by morphine, which were restored in Trx-1 TG mice. Therefore, Trx-1 may play a role in blocking CPP induced by morphine through regulating the expressions of D1, TH, and GABABR in the VTA and NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Mengbing Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ningning Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Abstract
Signaling by H2S is proposed to occur via persulfidation, a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). Persulfidation provides a framework for understanding the physiological and pharmacological effects of H2S. Due to the inherent instability of persulfides, their chemistry is understudied. In this review, we discuss the biologically relevant chemistry of H2S and the enzymatic routes for its production and oxidation. We cover the chemical biology of persulfides and the chemical probes for detecting them. We conclude by discussing the roles ascribed to protein persulfidation in cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos R. Filipovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jasmina Zivanovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la Republica, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
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32
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Kekulandara DN, Nagi S, Seo H, Chow CS, Ahn YH. Redox-Inactive Peptide Disrupting Trx1-Ask1 Interaction for Selective Activation of Stress Signaling. Biochemistry 2018; 57:772-780. [PMID: 29261301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) are two ubiquitous redox enzymes that are central for redox homeostasis but also are implicated in many other processes, including stress sensing, inflammation, and apoptosis. In addition to their enzymatic redox activity, a growing body of evidence shows that Trx1 and Grx1 play regulatory roles via protein-protein interactions with specific proteins, including Ask1. The currently available inhibitors of Trx1 and Grx1 are thiol-reactive electrophiles or disulfides that may suffer from low selectivity because of their thiol reactivity. In this report, we used a phage peptide library to identify a 7-mer peptide, 2GTP1, that binds to both Trx1 and Grx1. We further showed that a cell-permeable derivative of 2GTP1, TAT-2GTP1, disrupts the Trx1-Ask1 interaction, which induces Ask1 phosphorylation with subsequent activation of JNK, stabilization of p53, and reduced viability of cancer cells. Notably, as opposed to a disulfide-derived Trx1 inhibitor (PX-12), TAT-2GTP1 was selective for activating the Ask1 pathway without affecting other stress signaling pathways, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and AMPK activation. Overall, 2GTP1 will serve as a useful probe for investigating protein interactions of Trx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilini N Kekulandara
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shima Nagi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hyosuk Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christine S Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Young-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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33
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Thioredoxin is not a marker for treatment-resistance depression but associated with cognitive function: An rTMS study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:322-328. [PMID: 28442424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated oxidative stress is known to play an important role in development of depression and cognitive dysfunction. To date, thioredoxin (TRX), an antioxidant protein, has been investigated as a marker for psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism but its relationship with depression is yet to be unknown. The aim of this study is to detect the TRX levels in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), analyse the effect of rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) application on TRX levels and display the relationship of TRX with cognitive areas. This study included 27 treatment-resistant unipolar depression patients and 29 healthy subjects. Patients were evaluated by Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) before and after rTMS application. 23 of TRD patients were applied high-frequency rTMS over left DLPFC for 2 to 4weeks and plasma TRX levels of patients and healthy subjects were measured. No significant difference was determined between the TRX levels of patients and healthy subjects (p>0.05). After rTMS application there were significant decrease in severity of depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001), and explicit improvement in cognitive areas (delayed memory, visual-spatial/executive abilities and language points) (all p<0.05). No difference was detected in TRX levels of the patients after rTMS application (p>0.005). High language scores of the patients were found to be associated with high TRX levels (p<0.005). Our study indicates that TRX levels cannot be used as a marker for TRD or rTMS treatment in TRD. In spite of this TRX levels have a positive correlation with language functions of the patients of TRD. More extensive studies are required to clarify the mechanism of action of TRX and the effect of TRX on cognitive functions.
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34
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Yodoi J, Matsuo Y, Tian H, Masutani H, Inamoto T. Anti-Inflammatory Thioredoxin Family Proteins for Medicare, Healthcare and Aging Care. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101081. [PMID: 28961169 PMCID: PMC5691698 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thioredoxin (TRX) is a 12-kDa protein with redox-active dithiol in the active site -Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-, which is induced by biological stress due to oxidative damage, metabolic dysfunction, chemicals, infection/inflammation, irradiation, or hypoxia/ischemia-reperfusion. Our research has demonstrated that exogenous TRX is effective in a wide variety of inflammatory diseases, including viral pneumonia, acute lung injury, gastric injury, and dermatitis, as well as in the prevention and amelioration of food allergies. Preclinical and clinical studies using recombinant TRX (rhTRX) are now underway. We have also identified substances that induce the expression of TRX in the body, in vegetables and other plant ingredients. Skincare products are being developed that take advantage of the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action of TRX. Furthermore, we are currently engaged in the highly efficient production of pure rhTRX in several plants, such as lettuce, grain and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Yodoi
- Japan Biostress Research Promotion Alliance (JBPA), 1-6 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Hai Tian
- Japan Biostress Research Promotion Alliance (JBPA), 1-6 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Shaoxing University, No 900 Cengnan Avenue, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Hiroshi Masutani
- Terni Health Care University, 80-1 Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan.
| | - Takashi Inamoto
- Japan Biostress Research Promotion Alliance (JBPA), 1-6 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.
- Terni Health Care University, 80-1 Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan.
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Thioredoxin 1 is associated with the proliferation and apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:117-125. [PMID: 28914370 PMCID: PMC5754431 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the possible effects of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) and elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. We investigated the distribution and expression of Trx1 in synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. RA-FLSs were isolated and cultured under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (3% oxygen) concentrations. Transfection of Trx1-siRNAs and a Trx1 overexpression construct was conducted to manipulate the expression of Trx1. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR) was used to induce apoptosis. LY-294002 was used for the inhibition of PI3K-Akt. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by MTS (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-5-[3-carboxymethoxyphenyl]-2-[4-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of Trx1 in RA tissues was higher than that in OA tissues. The expression levels of Trx1 and cell proliferation in RA-FLSs were increased under hypoxia in comparison to those under normoxia. In hypoxia, downregulation of Trx1 significantly suppressed FLS proliferation, and the expression of PI3Kp85, phospho-Akt, and Bcl-2, while notably increased FLS apoptosis and the expression of active Caspase3 and Bax. In normoxia, Trx1 overexpression promoted the FLS proliferation and the expression of PI3Kp85, phospho-Akt, and Bcl-2, but inhibited FLS apoptosis and the expression of active Caspase3 and Bax in FLSs. Such effects were partially repressed by LY-294002 treatment. Trx1 may play an important role in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of RA-FLSs by modulating PI3K-Akt activation.
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36
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Yu T, Zhang W, Lin Y, Li Q, Xue J, Cai Z, Cheng Y, Shao B. Prognostic value of serum thioredoxin levels in ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2017; 39:988-995. [PMID: 28828929 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1359882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thioredoxin (Trx) is one of significant antioxidative molecules to diminish oxidative stress. Current evidence suggests that Trx is a potent antioxidant with cytoprotective functions. The aim of our study was to investigate specifically the association between serum Trx levels and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. METHODS 198 AIS patients and 75 controls were enrolled to the study. Serum Trx levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Stroke severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. Clinical endpoint was functional outcome measured by Barthel Index (BI) 3 months after admission. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors. RESULTS We found that serum Trx levels were significantly increased in patients as compared to controls. Serum Trx was an independent biomarker to predict ischemic stroke (OR, 1.264; 95% CI, 1.04-1.537; P = 0.019). In addition, there was a negative correlation between NIHSS score at admission and serum Trx levels in cardioembolic stroke patients (r = -0.422; P = 0.013). Furthermore, higher serum Trx levels in AIS patients were associated with favorable functional outcome. Serum Trx was an independent predictor for the functional outcome (OR, 0.862; 95% CI, 0.75-0.991; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Serum Trx might be as a biomarker of cardioembolic stroke severity. Increased serum Trx levels could be a useful tool to predict good prognosis in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieer Yu
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yuanshao Lin
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Qian Li
- b Department of Neurology , Jinhua Central Hospital , Jinhua , China
| | - Jie Xue
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Zhengyi Cai
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
| | - Bei Shao
- a Department of Neurology , Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital , Wenzhou , China
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37
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Serum thioredoxin and in-hospital major adverse events after traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 469:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Eriksson J, Gidlöf A, Eriksson M, Larsson E, Brattström O, Oldner A. Thioredoxin a novel biomarker of post-injury sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:138-143. [PMID: 28087409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin (TRX), an endogenous anti-oxidant protein induced in inflammatory conditions, has been shown to increase in plasma and to be associated with outcome in septic patients. This biomarker has never been studied in a trauma setting. We hypothesized that TRX would be increased after trauma and associated with post-injury sepsis. METHODS Single-centre prospective observational study conducted at the intensive care unit (ICU) at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, a level-1 trauma centre. Eighty-three severely injured trauma patients, 18 years or older, with an ICU stay of three days or more were included. Plasma samples were obtained on day 1 and 3 after informed consent. Clinical, physiological and outcome data were retrieved from the trauma and ICU research registries. Plasma samples were also obtained from 15 healthy subjects. In addition, a standardized porcine trauma model was conducted where a femur fracture followed by a controlled hemorrhage period were inflicted in four pigs. RESULTS In pigs, however not significant, there was a continuing increase in plasma-TRX after femur fracture and sequential hemorrhage despite near normalisation of cardiac index and lactate levels. In patients, median injury severity score was 29 and 48 patients developed sepsis during their ICU stay. A three-fold increase in initial TRX was seen in trauma patients when compared to healthy volunteers. Thioredoxin was significantly higher in patients in shock on admission, those subject to massive transfusion and in the most severely injured patients. No difference was seen between survivors and non-survivors. Plasma-TRX on day 1 was significantly increased in patients who later developed post-injury sepsis. In a logistic regression analysis including TRX, C-reactive protein, injury severity, massive transfusion, and admission blood pressure, TRX was the only variable independently associated with post-injury sepsis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that TRX is released into plasma in response to severe trauma and independently associated with post-injury sepsis. The use of TRX as a biomarker in trauma patients needs further evaluation in larger studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective cohort study, level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Eriksson
- Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Gidlöf
- Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emma Larsson
- Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olof Brattström
- Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Oldner
- Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Postoperative serum thioredoxin concentrations correlate with delirium and cognitive dysfunction after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 466:93-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Xu ZM, Li MJ, Tao C. Serum and urinary thioredoxin concentrations are associated with severity of children hydronephrosis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 466:127-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Deshmukh AB, Bai S, T. A, Kazi RS, Banarjee R, Rathore R, MV V, HV T, Kumar Bhat M, MJ K. Methylglyoxal attenuates insulin signaling and downregulates the enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:2338-2349. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl known to be elevated under the hyperglycemic conditions of diabetes and is implicated in the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aarthy T.
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kulkarni MJ
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
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42
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Sueblinvong V, Mills ST, Neujahr DC, Go YM, Jones DP, Guidot DM. Nuclear Thioredoxin-1 Overexpression Attenuates Alcohol-Mediated Nrf2 Signaling and Lung Fibrosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1846-56. [PMID: 27436123 PMCID: PMC5108489 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse, which impairs antioxidant defenses and promotes acute lung injury, increases Nrf2 nuclear translocation but nevertheless inhibits its activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is required for optimal Nrf2 binding and activation of the ARE, and we hypothesized that its inhibition contributes to impaired Nrf2-ARE signaling in the alcoholic lung. METHODS Lung tissue and primary lung fibroblasts (PLFs) were isolated from C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice overexpressing the human Trx1 gene with a nuclear localizing sequence (NLS-Tg); some mice consumed alcohol in water prior to lung tissue and PLF isolation; in some mice, acute lung injury was induced with intratracheal bleomycin. In other experiments, PLFs were isolated from WT and NLS-Tg mice and then exposed to alcohol. Finally, PLF isolated from WT mice were transfected with Trx1 expression vector containing either a cytosolic localized sequence (NES) or a nuclear localized sequence (NLS) prior to alcohol exposure. RESULTS Alcohol treatment in vivo or in vitro decreased Trx1 expression, and bleomycin-treated alcohol-fed mice had fibrotic disrepair in their lungs. In parallel, whereas alcohol exposure in vitro increased TGFβ1 expression and decreased Nrf2-ARE activity in PLF from WT mice, these effects were not observed in PLF from NLS-Tg mice. Finally, selective overexpression of Trx1 in the nucleus but not in the cytosol preserved Nrf2-ARE activity during alcohol exposure. CONCLUSIONS Although alcohol-induced redox stress actually promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation, the coincident suppression of Trx1 impairs Nrf2-ARE activity within the nuclear compartment. Nuclear overexpression of Trx1 restored Nrf2-ARE activity and attenuated alcohol-induced TGFβ1 expression and alcohol-induced exaggerate response to bleomycin-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viranuj Sueblinvong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen T Mills
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David C Neujahr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,McKelvey Lung Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David M Guidot
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, Georgia
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Padayachee L, Pillay CS. The thioredoxin system and not the Michaelis-Menten equation should be fitted to substrate saturation datasets from the thioredoxin insulin assay. Redox Rep 2016; 21:170-179. [PMID: 26102065 PMCID: PMC8900709 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin and NADPH, is present in most living organisms and reduces a large array of target protein disulfides. OBJECTIVE The insulin reduction assay is commonly used to characterise thioredoxin activity in vitro, but it is not clear whether substrate saturation datasets from this assay should be fitted and modeled with the Michaelis-Menten equation (thioredoxin enzyme model), or fitted to the thioredoxin system with insulin reduction described by mass-action kinetics (redox couple model). METHODS We utilized computational modeling and in vitro assays to determine which of these approaches yield consistent and accurate kinetic parameter sets for insulin reduction. RESULTS Using computational modeling, we found that fitting to the redox couple model, rather than to the thioredoxin enzyme model, resulted in consistent parameter sets over a range of thioredoxin reductase concentrations. Furthermore, we established that substrate saturation in this assay was due to the progressive redistribution of the thioredoxin moiety into its oxidised form. We then confirmed these results in vitro using the yeast thioredoxin system. DISCUSSION This study shows how consistent parameter sets for thioredoxin activity can be obtained regardless of the thioredoxin reductase concentration used in the insulin reduction assay, and validates computational systems biology modeling studies that have described the thioredoxin system with the redox couple modeling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letrisha Padayachee
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Carbis Road Campus, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
| | - Ché S. Pillay
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Carbis Road Campus, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
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Wedmann R, Onderka C, Wei S, Szijártó IA, Miljkovic JL, Mitrovic A, Lange M, Savitsky S, Yadav PK, Torregrossa R, Harrer EG, Harrer T, Ishii I, Gollasch M, Wood ME, Galardon E, Xian M, Whiteman M, Banerjee R, Filipovic MR. Improved tag-switch method reveals that thioredoxin acts as depersulfidase and controls the intracellular levels of protein persulfidation. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3414-3426. [PMID: 27170841 PMCID: PMC4845716 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a signalling molecule capable of regulating several important physiological functions such as blood pressure, neurotransmission and inflammation. The mechanisms behind these effects are still largely elusive and oxidative posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (protein persulfidation or S-sulfhydration) has been proposed as the main pathway for H2S-induced biological and pharmacological effects. As a signalling mechanism, persulfidation has to be controlled. Using an improved tag-switch assay for persulfide detection we show here that protein persulfide levels are controlled by the thioredoxin system. Recombinant thioredoxin showed an almost 10-fold higher reactivity towards cysteine persulfide than towards cystine and readily cleaved protein persulfides as well. This reaction resulted in H2S release suggesting that thioredoxin could be an important regulator of H2S levels from persulfide pools. Inhibition of the thioredoxin system caused an increase in intracellular persulfides, highlighting thioredoxin as a major protein depersulfidase that controls H2S signalling. Finally, using plasma from HIV-1 patients that have higher circulatory levels of thioredoxin, we could prove depersulfidase role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Wedmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Constantin Onderka
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Shengwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany .
| | | | - Jan Lj Miljkovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany .
| | | | - Mike Lange
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Sergey Savitsky
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Pramod Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA
| | - Roberta Torregrossa
- University of Exeter Medical School , St. Luke's Campus , Exeter , UK ; Biosciences , College of Life and Environmental Sciences of Biosciences , University of Exeter , Streatham Campus , Exeter , Devon , UK
| | - Ellen G Harrer
- Infectious Diseases Section , Department of Internal Medicine 3 , Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Harrer
- Infectious Diseases Section , Department of Internal Medicine 3 , Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg , Germany
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Keio University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Charité Campus Virchow , Nephrology/Intensive Care , Berlin , Germany
| | - Mark E Wood
- Biosciences , College of Life and Environmental Sciences of Biosciences , University of Exeter , Streatham Campus , Exeter , Devon , UK
| | - Erwan Galardon
- UMR CNRS 8601 , Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry , Washington State University , Pullman , USA
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School , St. Luke's Campus , Exeter , UK
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany . ; Université de Bordeaux , IBGC , UMR 5095 , F-33077 Bordeaux , France ; CNRS , IBGC , UMR 5095 , F-33077 Bordeaux , France
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45
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Prognostic value of serum thioredoxin concentrations after intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:15-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Change of serum levels of thioredoxin in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 453:62-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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Bilan DS, Shokhina AG, Lukyanov SA, Belousov VV. [Main Cellular Redox Couples]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:385-402. [PMID: 26615634 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most of the living cells maintain the continuous flow of electrons, which provides them by energy. Many of the compounds are presented in a cell at the same time in the oxidized and reduced states, forming the active redox couples. Some of the redox couples, such as NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH), are universal, as they participate in adjusting of many cellular reactions. Ratios of the oxidized and reduced forms of these compounds are important cellular redox parameters. Modern research approaches allow setting the new functions of the main redox couples in the complex organization of cellular processes. The following information is about the main cellular redox couples and their participation in various biological processes.
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Hwang J, Suh HW, Jeon YH, Hwang E, Nguyen LT, Yeom J, Lee SG, Lee C, Kim KJ, Kang BS, Jeong JO, Oh TK, Choi I, Lee JO, Kim MH. The structural basis for the negative regulation of thioredoxin by thioredoxin-interacting protein. Nat Commun 2015; 5:2958. [PMID: 24389582 PMCID: PMC3941024 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox-dependent inhibition of thioredoxin (TRX) by thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a pivotal role in various cancers and metabolic syndromes. However, the molecular mechanism of this regulation is largely unknown. Here, we present the crystal structure of the TRX-TXNIP complex and demonstrate that the inhibition of TRX by TXNIP is mediated by an intermolecular disulphide interaction resulting from a novel disulphide bond-switching mechanism. Upon binding to TRX, TXNIP undergoes a structural rearrangement that involves switching of a head-to-tail interprotomer Cys63-Cys247 disulphide between TXNIP molecules to an interdomain Cys63-Cys190 disulphide, and the formation of a de novo intermolecular TXNIP Cys247-TRX Cys32 disulphide. This disulphide-switching event unexpectedly results in a domain arrangement of TXNIP that is entirely different from those of other arrestin family proteins. We further show that the intermolecular disulphide bond between TRX and TXNIP dissociates in the presence of high concentrations of reactive oxygen species. This study provides insight into TRX and TXNIP-dependent cellular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Hwang
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea [2] Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Suh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea
| | - Loi T Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- 1] BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea [2] Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Biochemicals and Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- 1] BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea [2] Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Beom Sik Kang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Jeong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | - Tae-Kwang Oh
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Jie-Oh Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- 1] Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea [2] Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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Zuo L, Zhou T, Pannell BK, Ziegler AC, Best TM. Biological and physiological role of reactive oxygen species--the good, the bad and the ugly. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:329-48. [PMID: 25912260 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules that are naturally produced within biological systems. Research has focused extensively on revealing the multi-faceted and complex roles that ROS play in living tissues. In regard to the good side of ROS, this article explores the effects of ROS on signalling, immune response and other physiological responses. To review the potentially bad side of ROS, we explain the consequences of high concentrations of molecules that lead to the disruption of redox homeostasis, which induces oxidative stress damaging intracellular components. The ugly effects of ROS can be observed in devastating cardiac, pulmonary, neurodegenerative and other disorders. Furthermore, this article covers the regulatory enzymes that mitigate the effects of ROS. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase are discussed in particular detail. The current understanding of ROS is incomplete, and it is imperative that future research be performed to understand the implications of ROS in various therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - T. Zhou
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - B. K. Pannell
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
| | - A. C. Ziegler
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
| | - T. M. Best
- Division of Sports Medicine; Department of Family Medicine; Sports Health & Performance Institute; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
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Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in protection against oxidative damage in colonic CCD841 cells. Nutr Res 2015; 35:610-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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