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Su Y, Xia C, Zhang H, Gan W, Zhang GQ, Yang Z, Li D. Emerging biosensor probes for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) detection. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:300. [PMID: 38709399 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), originating from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of βVal1 residues in hemoglobin (Hb), is an essential biomarker indicating average blood glucose levels over a period of 2 to 3 months without external environmental disturbances, thereby serving as the gold standard in the management of diabetes instead of blood glucose testing. The emergence of HbA1c biosensors presents affordable, readily available options for glycemic monitoring, offering significant benefits to small-scale laboratories and clinics. Utilizing nanomaterials coupled with high-specificity probes as integral components for recognition, labeling, and signal transduction, these sensors demonstrate exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in HbA1c detection. This review mainly focuses on the emerging probes and strategies integral to HbA1c sensor development. We discussed the advantages and limitations of various probes in sensor construction as well as recent advances in diverse sensing strategies for HbA1c measurement and their potential clinical applications, highlighting the critical gaps in current technologies and future needs in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengen Xia
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guo-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yang
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Abobakr M, Uzun B, Uzun Ozsahin D, Sanlidag T, Arikan A. Assessment of UTI Diagnostic Techniques Using the Fuzzy-PROMETHEE Model. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3421. [PMID: 37998557 PMCID: PMC10670649 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is important as early diagnosis increases treatment rates, reduces the risk of infection and disease spread, and prevents deaths. This study aims to evaluate various parameters of existing and developing techniques for the diagnosis of UTIs, the majority of which are approved by the FDA, and rank them according to their performance levels. The study includes 16 UTI tests, and the fuzzy preference ranking organization method was used to analyze the parameters such as analytical efficiency, result time, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Our findings show that the biosensor test was the most indicative of expected test performance for UTIs, with a net flow of 0.0063. This was followed by real-time microscopy systems, catalase, and combined LE and nitrite, which were ranked second, third, and fourth with net flows of 0.003, 0.0026, and 0.0025, respectively. Sequence-based diagnostics was the least favourable alternative with a net flow of -0.0048. The F-PROMETHEE method can aid decision makers in making decisions on the most suitable UTI tests to support the outcomes of each country or patient based on specific conditions and priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abobakr
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
| | - Berna Uzun
- Department of Mathematics, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
| | - Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, Collage of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
| | - Tamer Sanlidag
- DESAM Research Institute, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey;
| | - Ayse Arikan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
- DESAM Research Institute, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Kyrenia University, TRNC Mersin 10, Kyrenia 99320, Turkey
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3
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Yamin D, Uskoković V, Wakil AM, Goni MD, Shamsuddin SH, Mustafa FH, Alfouzan WA, Alissa M, Alshengeti A, Almaghrabi RH, Fares MAA, Garout M, Al Kaabi NA, Alshehri AA, Ali HM, Rabaan AA, Aldubisi FA, Yean CY, Yusof NY. Current and Future Technologies for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3246. [PMID: 37892067 PMCID: PMC10606640 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, posing a significant threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The accurate and timely detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial for implementing appropriate treatment strategies and preventing the spread of resistant strains. This manuscript provides an overview of the current and emerging technologies used for the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We discuss traditional culture-based methods, molecular techniques, and innovative approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential future applications. By understanding the strengths and limitations of these technologies, researchers and healthcare professionals can make informed decisions in combating antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Yamin
- Al-Karak Public Hospital, Karak 61210, Jordan;
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC., Irvine, CA 92604, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Abubakar Muhammad Wakil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600104, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dauda Goni
- Public Health and Zoonoses Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Shazana Hilda Shamsuddin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Fatin Hamimi Mustafa
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Wadha A. Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait;
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana H. Almaghrabi
- Pediatric Department, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona A. Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nawal A. Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates;
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamza M. Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | | | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Psotta C, Nilsson EJ, Sjöberg T, Falk M. Bacteria-Infected Artificial Urine Characterization Based on a Combined Approach Using an Electronic Tongue Complemented with 1H-NMR and Flow Cytometry. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:916. [PMID: 37887109 PMCID: PMC10605348 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevailing form of bacterial infection is within the urinary tract, encompassing a wide array of bacteria that harness the urinary metabolome for their growth. Through their metabolic actions, the chemical composition of the growth medium undergoes modifications as the bacteria metabolize urine compounds, leading to the subsequent release of metabolites. These changes can indirectly indicate the existence and proliferation of bacterial organisms. Here, we investigate the use of an electronic tongue, a powerful analytical instrument based on a combination of non-selective chemical sensors with a partial specificity for data gathering combined with principal component analysis, to distinguish between infected and non-infected artificial urine samples. Three prevalent bacteria found in urinary tract infections were investigated, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. Furthermore, the electronic tongue analysis was supplemented with 1H NMR spectroscopy and flow cytometry. Bacteria-specific changes in compound consumption allowed for a qualitative differentiation between artificial urine medium and bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magnus Falk
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (C.P.); (E.J.N.); (T.S.)
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Deb A, Gogoi M, Mandal TK, Sinha S, Pattader PSG. Specific Instantaneous Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae for UTI Diagnosis with a Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticle Conjugated Aptasensor. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3309-3318. [PMID: 37437266 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI), which can be caused by various pathogens, if not detected at an early stage can be fatal. It is essential to identify the specific pathogen responsible for UTI for appropriate treatment. This study describes a generic approach to the fabrication of a prototype for the noninvasive detection of a specific pathogen using a tailor-made plasmonic aptamer-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assay. The assay is advantageous because the adsorbed specific aptamers passivate the nanoparticle surfaces and reduce and/or eliminate false-positive responses to nontarget analytes. Based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomena of AuNP, a point-of-care aptasensor was designed that shows specific changes in the absorbance in the visible spectra in the presence of a target pathogen for robust and fast screening of UTI samples. In this study, we demonstrate the specific detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria with LoD as low as 3.4 × 103 CFU/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mousumi Gogoi
- Altanostics Lab Private Limited, IIT Research Park, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Tapas K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Swapnil Sinha
- Altanostics Lab Private Limited, IIT Research Park, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Partho Sarathi Gooh Pattader
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Crintea A, Carpa R, Mitre AO, Petho RI, Chelaru VF, Nădășan SM, Neamti L, Dutu AG. Nanotechnology Involved in Treating Urinary Tract Infections: An Overview. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:555. [PMID: 36770516 PMCID: PMC9919202 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Considered as the most frequent contaminations that do not require hospitalization, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are largely known to cause significant personal burdens on patients. Although UTIs overall are highly preventable health issues, the recourse to antibiotics as drug treatments for these infections is a worryingly spread approach that should be addressed and gradually overcome in a contemporary, modernized healthcare system. With a virtually alarming global rise of antibiotic resistance overall, nanotechnologies may prove to be the much-needed 'lifebuoy' that will eventually suppress this prejudicial phenomenon. This review aims to present the most promising, currently known nano-solutions, with glimpses on clinical and epidemiological aspects of the UTIs, prospective diagnostic instruments, and non-antibiotic treatments, all of these engulfed in a comprehensive overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Crintea
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rahela Carpa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Robert Istvan Petho
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Florin Chelaru
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian-Mihail Nădășan
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lidia Neamti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Gabriela Dutu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Chen N, Li G, Si Y, Ye Y, Zhang T, Chi D, Zhang W, Pan L, Qu G, Lu Y, Zong M, Sui G, Fan L. Development and evaluation of a centrifugal disk system for the rapid detection of multiple pathogens and their antibiotic resistance genes in urinary tract infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1157403. [PMID: 37200917 PMCID: PMC10187633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1157403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections in the world. Nevertheless, as uncomplicated UTIs are treated empirically without culturing the urine, adequate knowledge of the resistance pattern of uropathogens is essential. Conventional urine culture and identification take at least 2 days. Here, we developed a platform based on LAMP and centrifugal disk system (LCD) to simultaneously detect the main pathogens and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) of urgent concern multidrug-resistant among UTIs. Methods We designed specific primers to detect the target genes above and evaluated their sensitivity and specificity. We also assessed the result of our preload LCD platform on 645 urine specimens with a conventional culturing method and Sanger sequencing. Results The results obtained with the 645 clinical samples indicated that the platform has high specificity (0.988-1) and sensitivity (0.904-1) for the studied pathogens and ARGs. Moreover, the kappa value of all pathogens was more than 0.75, revealing an excellent agreement between the LCD and culture method. Compared to phenotypic tests, the LCD platform is a practical and fast detection approach for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (kappa value of all >0.75), and non-extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. Conclusion We developed a detection platform that has high accuracy and that meets the need for rapid diagnosis, which can be completed within 1.5 h from specimen collection. It may be a powerful tool for evidence-based UTIs diagnosis, which has essential support for the rational use of antibiotics. More high-quality clinical studies are required to prove the effectiveness of our platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Si
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangqin Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dali Chi
- Fosun Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Qu
- Weifang Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Huamu Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ming Zong,
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Guodong Sui,
| | - Lieying Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lieying Fan,
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Basak M, Mitra S, Gogoi M, Sinha S, Nemade HB, Bandyopadhyay D. Point-of-Care Biosensing of Urinary Tract Infections Employing Optoplasmonic Surfaces Embedded with Metal Nanotwins. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5321-5332. [PMID: 36222059 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of gold nanotwins (Au NTs) on a solid and transparent glass substrate which in turn has been employed for the selective optoplasmonic detection of Escherichia coli (EC) bacteria in human urine for the point-of-care diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs). As compared to the single nanoparticle systems (Au NPs), the Au NTs show an enriched localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to the enhancement of the electric field under electromagnetic irradiation, e.g., photon, which helps in improving the limits of detection. For this purpose, initially a simple glass surface has been coated with Au NPs, with the help of the linker 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane - APTES. The surface has been linked further with another Au NP with the help of the 1,10-alkane-dithiol linker with two thiol ends, which eventually leads to the development of the optoplasmonic surface with Au NTs and an enhanced LSPR response. Subsequently, the EC specific aptamer has been chemically immobilized on the surface of Au NTs with the blocking of free sites via bovine serum albumin (BSA). Remarkably, Raman spectroscopy unfolds a 7-fold increase in the peak intensities with the Au NTs on the glass surface as compared to the surface coated with isolated Au NPs. The enhancement in the LSPR response of glass substrates coated with Au NTs and the EC specific aptamer has been further utilized for the selective and sensitive detection of UTIs. The results have been verified with the help of UV-visible spectroscopy to establish the utility of the proposed sensing methodology. An extensive interference study with other bacterial species unveils the selectivity and specificity of the proposed optoplasmonic sensors toward EC with a detection range of 5 × 103 to 107 CFU/mL. Intuitively, the method is more versatile in a sense that the sensor can be made specific to any other pathogens by simply changing the design of the aptamer. Finally, a low-cost, portable, and point-of-care optoplasmonic transduction setup is designed with a laser light illumination source, a sample holder, and a sensitive photodetector for the detection of UTIs in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Basak
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Mousumi Gogoi
- Altanostics Laboratories Private Limited, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Swapnil Sinha
- Altanostics Laboratories Private Limited, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Harshal B Nemade
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India.,School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
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Chen J, San SSS, Kung A, Tomasek M, Liu D, Rodgers W, Gau V. Direct-from-specimen microbial growth inhibition spectrums under antibiotic exposure and comparison to conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263868. [PMID: 35171945 PMCID: PMC8849476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing global travel and changes in the environment may escalate the frequency of contact with a natural host carrying an infection and, therefore, increase our chances of encountering microorganisms previously unknown to humans. During an emergency, the etiology of infection may be unknown at the time of patient treatment. The existing local or global Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs may not be fully prepared for emerging/re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks, especially if they are caused by an unknown organism, engineered bioterrorist attack, or rapidly evolving superbug. We demonstrate an antimicrobial efficacy profiling method that can be performed in hours directly from clinical urine specimens. The antimicrobial potency was determined by the level of microbial growth inhibition and compared to conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. The oligonucleotide probe pairs on the sensors were designed to target Gram-negative bacteria, specifically Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A pilot study of 10 remnant clinical specimens from the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified labs of New York-Presbyterian Queens was conducted, and only one sample was not detected by the probes. The remaining nine samples agreed with reference AST methods (Vitek and broth microdilution), resulting in 100% categorical agreement. In a separate feasibility study, we evaluated a dual-kinetic response approach, in which we inoculated two antibiotic stripwells containing the same antimicrobial concentrations with clinical specimens at the original concentration (1x) and at a 10-fold dilution (0.1x) to cover a broader range of microbiological responses. The combined categorical susceptibility reporting of 12 contrived urine specimens was 100% for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and meropenem over a range of microbial loads from 105 to 108 CFU/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Chen
- GeneFluidics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Su Su Soe San
- GeneFluidics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amelia Kung
- GeneFluidics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Tomasek
- GeneFluidics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dakai Liu
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, New York-Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, New York, United States of America
| | - William Rodgers
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, New York-Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Vincent Gau
- GeneFluidics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ganguly A, Ebrahimzadeh T, Zimmern P, De Nisco NJ, Prasad S. Label-Free, Novel Electrofluidic Capacitor Biosensor for Prostaglandin E2 Detection toward Early and Rapid Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis. ACS Sens 2022; 7:186-198. [PMID: 34928577 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Urine Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been identified as an attractive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for urinary tract infection (UTI). This work demonstrates the use of PGE2 as a biomarker for rapid and label-free testing for UTI. In this work, we have developed a novel electrofluidic capacitor-based biosensor that can used for home-based UTI management with high accuracy in less than 5 min for small volume urine samples (<60 μL). The PGE2 biosensor works on the principle of affinity capture using highly specific monoclonal PGE2 antibody and relies on non-faradaic electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky (MS) for quantifying subtle variations in PGE2 levels expressed in human urine (pH 5-8). Dynamic light scattering experiments were performed to characterize surface charge properties and the impact of bulk interferents on the interfacial modulation of electrical properties due to binding and urine pH variations. Binding chemistry between the key elements of the immunosensor stack was validated using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance studies. Linear calibration dose responses were obtained for PGE2 for both EIS and MS. The sensor reliably distinguished between UTI negative and UTI positive cases for both artificial (pH 5-8) and pooled human urine samples. The sensor was not found to cross-react with Prostaglandin D2, a structurally similar interferent, and other abundant urine interferents (urea and creatinine). Human subject studies confirmed the validity of the sensor for robust and accurate UTI diagnosis. This work can be extended to achieve easy, reliable, and rapid home-based UTI management, which can consequently help physicians with timely and appropriate administration of therapy to improve patient outcomes and treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antra Ganguly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Tahmineh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Philippe Zimmern
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Nicole J. De Nisco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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11
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Aledhari M, Razzak R, Qolomany B, Al-Fuqaha A, Saeed F. Biomedical IoT: Enabling Technologies, Architectural Elements, Challenges, and Future Directions. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2022; 10:31306-31339. [PMID: 35441062 PMCID: PMC9015691 DOI: 10.1109/access.2022.3159235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of various technologies and protocols used for medical Internet of Things (IoT) with a thorough examination of current enabling technologies, use cases, applications, and challenges. Despite recent advances, medical IoT is still not considered a routine practice. Due to regulation, ethical, and technological challenges of biomedical hardware, the growth of medical IoT is inhibited. Medical IoT continues to advance in terms of biomedical hardware, and monitoring figures like vital signs, temperature, electrical signals, oxygen levels, cancer indicators, glucose levels, and other bodily levels. In the upcoming years, medical IoT is expected replace old healthcare systems. In comparison to other survey papers on this topic, our paper provides a thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and technologies specifically for medical IoT as well as the challenges. Our paper also contains several proposed frameworks and use cases of medical IoT in hospital settings as well as a comprehensive overview of previous architectures of IoT regarding the strengths and weaknesses. We hope to enable researchers of multiple disciplines, developers, and biomedical engineers to quickly become knowledgeable on how various technologies cooperate and how current frameworks can be modified for new use cases, thus inspiring more growth in medical IoT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aledhari
- College of Computing and Software Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA
| | - Rehma Razzak
- College of Computing and Software Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA
| | - Basheer Qolomany
- College of Business and Technology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Ala Al-Fuqaha
- College of Science and Engineering (CSE), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fahad Saeed
- School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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12
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Label Free, Lateral Flow Prostaglandin E2 Electrochemical Immunosensor for Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9090271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A label-free, rapid, and easy-to-use lateral flow electrochemical biosensor was developed for urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis in resource challenged areas. The sensor operates in non-faradaic mode and utilizes Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for quantification of Prostaglandin E2, a diagnostic and prognostic urinary biomarker for UTI and recurrent UTI. To achieve high sensitivity in low microliter volumes of neat, unprocessed urine, nanoconfinement of assay biomolecules was achieved by developing a three-electrode planar gold microelectrode system on top of a lateral flow nanoporous membrane. The sensor is capable of giving readouts within 5 min and has a wide dynamic range of 100–4000 pg/mL for urinary PGE2. The sensor is capable of discriminating between low and high levels of PGE2 and hence is capable of threshold classification of urine samples as UTI positive and UTI negative. The sensor through its immunological response (directly related to host immune response) is superior to the commercially available point-of-care UTI dipsticks which are qualitative, have poor specificity for UTI, and have high false-positive rates. The developed sensor shows promise for rapid, easy and cost-effective UTI diagnosis for both clinical and home-based settings. More accurate point-of-care UTI diagnosis will improve patient outcomes and allow for timely and appropriate prescription of antibiotics which can subsequently increase treatment success rates and reduce costs.
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13
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BactoSpin: Novel Technology for Rapid Bacteria Detection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175902. [PMID: 34502797 PMCID: PMC8434515 DOI: 10.3390/s21175902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the leading causes of the increasing numbers of resistant bacteria strains, resulting in 700,000 deaths worldwide each year. Reducing unnecessary use of antibiotics and choosing the most effective antibiotics instead of broad-spectrum drugs will slow the arms race between germs and humans. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. Currently, accurate diagnosis of UTI requires approximately 48 h from the time of urine sample collection until antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results. This work presents a rapid bacterial detection device that integrates a centrifuge, microscope, and incubator. Two disposable microfluidic chips were developed. The first chip was designed for bacteria concentration, detection, and medium exchange. A second multi-channel chip was developed for AST. This chip contains superhydrophobic and hydrophilic coatings to ensure liquid separation between the channels without the need for valves. The designed chips supported the detection of E. coli at a concentration as low as 5 × 103 cells/mL within 5 min and AST in under 2 h. AST was also successfully performed with Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from a human urine sample. In addition, machine-learning-based image recognition was shown to reduce the required time for AST and to provide results within 1 h for E. coli cells. Thus, the BactoSpin device can serve as an efficient and rapid platform for UTI diagnostics and AST.
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14
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Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Using Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use and mismanagement of antibiotics over the last eight decades have led to one of the main challenges humanity will have to face in the next twenty years in terms of public health and economy, i.e., antimicrobial resistance. One of the key approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance is clinical, livestock, and environmental surveillance applying methods capable of effectively identifying antimicrobial non-susceptibility as well as genes that promote resistance. Current clinical laboratory practices involve conventional culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods, taking over 24 h to find out which medication should be prescribed to treat the infection. Although there are techniques that provide rapid resistance detection, it is necessary to have new tools that are easy to operate, are robust, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive. Chemical sensors and biosensors are devices that could have the necessary characteristics for the rapid diagnosis of resistant microorganisms and could provide crucial information on the choice of antibiotic (or other antimicrobial medicines) to be administered. This review provides an overview on novel biosensing strategies for the phenotypic and genotypic determination of antimicrobial resistance and a perspective on the use of these tools in modern health-care and environmental surveillance.
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15
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Urena-Saborio H, Udayan APM, Alfaro-Viquez E, Madrigal-Carballo S, Reed JD, Gunasekaran S. Cranberry Proanthocyanidins-PANI Nanocomposite for the Detection of Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:199. [PMID: 34205292 PMCID: PMC8235105 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of cranberries is associated with the putative effects of preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC) contain unusual double A-type linkages, which are associated with strong interactions with surface virulence factors found on UTI-causing bacteria such as extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), depicting in bacterial agglutination processes. In this work, we demonstrated the efficacy of cranberry PAC (200 μg/mL) to agglutinate ExPEC (5.0 × 108 CFU/mL) in vitro as a selective interaction for the design of functionalized biosensors for potential detection of UTIs. We fabricated functionalized screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) by modifying with PAC-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites and tested the effectiveness of the PAC-PANI/SPE biosensor for detecting the presence of ExPEC in aqueous suspensions. Results indicated that the PAC-PANI/SPE was highly sensitive (limit of quantification of 1 CFU/mL of ExPEC), and its response was linear over the concentration range of 1-70,000 CFU/mL, suggesting cranberry PAC-functionalized biosensors are an innovative alternative for the detection and diagnosis of ExPEC-associated UTIs. The biosensor was also highly selective, reproducible, and stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Urena-Saborio
- Biosensors and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (H.U.-S.); (A.P.M.U.)
| | - Anu Prathap M. Udayan
- Biosensors and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (H.U.-S.); (A.P.M.U.)
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Emilia Alfaro-Viquez
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (E.A.-V.); (S.M.-C.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Sergio Madrigal-Carballo
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (E.A.-V.); (S.M.-C.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Jess D. Reed
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (E.A.-V.); (S.M.-C.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Sundaram Gunasekaran
- Biosensors and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (H.U.-S.); (A.P.M.U.)
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16
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Fuentes-Chust C, Parolo C, Rosati G, Rivas L, Perez-Toralla K, Simon S, de Lecuona I, Junot C, Trebicka J, Merkoçi A. The Microbiome Meets Nanotechnology: Opportunities and Challenges in Developing New Diagnostic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006104. [PMID: 33719117 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of the human microbiome is an emerging area of diagnostics for personalized medicine. Here, the potential of different nanomaterials and nanobiosensing technologies is reviewed for the development of novel diagnostic devices for the detection and measurement of microbiome-related biomarkers. Moreover, the current and future landscape of microbiome-based diagnostics is defined by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of current nanotechnology-based approaches, especially in the context of developing point-of-care (PoC) devices that would meet the international guidelines known as REASSURED (Real-time connectivity; Ease of specimen collection; Affordability; Sensitivity; Specificity; User-friendliness; Rapid & robust operation; Equipment-free; and Deliverability). Finally, the strategies of the latest international scientific consortia working in this field are analyzed, the current microbiome diagnostics market are reported and the principal ethical, legal, and societal issues related to microbiome R&D and innovation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Fuentes-Chust
- Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Giulio Rosati
- Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rivas
- Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Karla Perez-Toralla
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, 91191, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, 91191, France
| | - Itziar de Lecuona
- Bioethics and Law Observatory -UNESCO Chair in Bioethics-Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08007, Spain
| | - Christophe Junot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, 91191, France
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Travesera de Gracia 11, Barcelona, 08021, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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17
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Schulze H, Arnott A, Libori A, Obaje EA, Bachmann TT. Temperature-Enhanced mcr-1 Colistin Resistance Gene Detection with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Biosensors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6025-6033. [PMID: 33819015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is now one of the biggest threats humankind is facing, as highlighted in a declaration by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2016. In particular, the growing resistance rates of Gram-negative bacteria cause increasing concerns. The occurrence of the easily transferable, plasmid-encoded mcr-1 colistin resistance gene further worsened the situation, significantly enhancing the risk of the occurrence of pan-resistant bacteria. There is therefore a strong demand for new rapid molecular diagnostic tests for the detection of mcr-1 gene-associated colistin resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a well-suited method for rapid antimicrobial resistance detection as it enables rapid, label-free target detection in a cost-efficient manner. Here, we describe the development of an EIS-based mcr-1 gene detection test, including the design of mcr-1-specific peptide nucleic acid probes and assay specificity optimization through temperature-controlled real-time kinetic EIS measurements. A new flow cell measurement setup enabled for the first time detailed real-time, kinetic temperature-controlled hybridization and dehybridization studies of EIS-based nucleic acid biosensors. The temperature-controlled EIS setup allowed single-nucleotide polymorphism discrimination. Target hybridization at 60 °C enhanced the perfect match/mismatch (PM/MM) discrimination ratio from 2.1 at room temperature to 3.4. A hybridization and washing temperature of 55 °C further increased the PM/MM discrimination ratio to 5.7 by diminishing the mismatch signal during the washing step while keeping the perfect match signal. This newly developed mcr-1 gene detection test enabled the direct, specific label, and amplification-free detection of mcr-1 gene harboring plasmids from Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schulze
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
| | - Andrew Arnott
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
| | - Adriana Libori
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
| | - Eleojo A Obaje
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
| | - Till T Bachmann
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
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18
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Kaushik AM, Hsieh K, Mach KE, Lewis S, Puleo CM, Carroll KC, Liao JC, Wang T. Droplet-Based Single-Cell Measurements of 16S rRNA Enable Integrated Bacteria Identification and Pheno-Molecular Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Clinical Samples in 30 min. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003419. [PMID: 33747737 PMCID: PMC7967084 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatments of urinary tract infections (UTIs) have contributed to widespread antimicrobial resistance. Clinical adoption of evidence-based treatments necessitates rapid diagnostic methods for pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) with minimal sample preparation. In response, a microfluidic droplet-based platform is developed for achieving both ID and AST from urine samples within 30 min. In this platform, fluorogenic hybridization probes are utilized to detect 16S rRNA from single bacterial cells encapsulated in picoliter droplets, enabling molecular identification of uropathogenic bacteria directly from urine in as little as 16 min. Moreover, in-droplet single-bacterial measurements of 16S rRNA provide a surrogate for AST, shortening the exposure time to 10 min for gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. A fully integrated device and screening workflow were developed to test urine specimens for one of seven unique diagnostic outcomes including the presence/absence of Gram-negative bacteria, molecular ID of the bacteriaas Escherichia coli, an Enterobacterales, or other organism, and assessment of bacterial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In a 50-specimen clinical comparison study, the platform demonstrates excellent performance compared to clinical standard methods (areas-under-curves, AUCs >0.95), within a small fraction of the turnaround time, highlighting its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Kathleen E. Mach
- Department of UrologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Shawna Lewis
- Division of Medical MicrobiologyDepartment of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | | | - Karen C. Carroll
- Division of Medical MicrobiologyDepartment of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | - Joseph C. Liao
- Department of UrologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Tza‐Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21287USA
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19
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Chandra H, Singh C, Kumari P, Yadav S, Mishra AP, Laishevtcev A, Brisc C, Brisc MC, Munteanu MA, Bungau S. Promising Roles of Alternative Medicine and Plant-Based Nanotechnology as Remedies for Urinary Tract Infections. Molecules 2020; 25:E5593. [PMID: 33260701 PMCID: PMC7731396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common infections worldwide, having an incidence rate of 40-60% in women. Moreover, the prevalence of this disorder in adult women is 30 times more than in men. UTIs are usually found in many hospitals and clinical practice; as disorders, they are complicated and uncomplicated; in uncomplicated cases, there is no structural or functional abnormality in the urogenital tract. However, obstruction, retention of urine flow and use of catheters increase the complexity. There are several bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, etc.) successfully residing in the tract. The diagnosis must not only be accurate but rapid, so early detection is an important step in the control of UTIs caused by uropathogens. The treatment of UTIs includes appropriate antimicrobial therapy to control the infection and kill the causal microbes inside the body. A long-time usage of antibiotics has resulted in multidrug resistance causing an impediment in treatment. Thus, alternative, combinatorial medication approaches have given some hope. Available treatments considered Homeopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani, and other herbal-based drugs. There are new upcoming roles of nanoparticles in combating UTIs which needs further validation. The role of medicinal plant-based nanotechnology approaches has shown promising results. Therefore, there must be active research in phyto-based therapies of UTIs, such as Ayurvedic Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, India;
| | - Chanchal Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh 312901, India;
| | - Pragati Kumari
- S-02, Scientist Hostel, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India;
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay P. Mishra
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh 247341, India
| | - Aleksey Laishevtcev
- Federal Research Center, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine Named after K. I. Skryabin and Y. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109428 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University, Named after I. S. Turgenev, 302026 Orel, Russia
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mihaela Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
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20
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Falk M, Psotta C, Cirovic S, Shleev S. Non-Invasive Electrochemical Biosensors Operating in Human Physiological Fluids. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6352. [PMID: 33171750 PMCID: PMC7664326 DOI: 10.3390/s20216352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive healthcare technologies are an important part of research and development nowadays due to the low cost and convenience offered to both healthcare receivers and providers. This work overviews the recent advances in the field of non-invasive electrochemical biosensors operating in secreted human physiological fluids, viz. tears, sweat, saliva, and urine. Described electrochemical devices are based on different electrochemical techniques, viz. amperometry, coulometry, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. Challenges that confront researchers in this exciting area and key requirements for biodevices are discussed. It is concluded that the field of non-invasive sensing of biomarkers in bodily fluid is highly convoluted. Nonetheless, if the drawbacks are appropriately addressed, and the pitfalls are adroitly circumvented, the approach will most certainly disrupt current clinical and self-monitoring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Falk
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (C.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Carolin Psotta
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (C.P.); (S.C.)
- Aptusens AB, 293 94 Kyrkhult, Sweden
| | - Stefan Cirovic
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (C.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergey Shleev
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (C.P.); (S.C.)
- Aptusens AB, 293 94 Kyrkhult, Sweden
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21
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Sweet E, Mehta R, Xu Y, Jew R, Lin R, Lin L. Finger-powered fluidic actuation and mixing via MultiJet 3D printing. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3375-3385. [PMID: 32766613 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00488j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional (3D) printing, has garnered significant interest in recent years towards the fabrication of sub-millimeter scale devices for an ever-widening array of chemical, biological and biomedical applications. Conventional 3D printed fluidic systems, however, still necessitate the use of non-portable, high-powered external off-chip sources of fluidic actuation, such as electro-mechanical pumps and complex pressure-driven controllers, thus limiting their scope towards point-of-need applications. This work proposes entirely 3D printed sources of human-powered fluidic actuation which can be directly incorporated into the design of any 3D printable sub-millifluidic or microfluidic system where electrical power-free operation is desired. Multiple modular, single-fluid finger-powered actuator (FPA) designs were fabricated and experimentally characterized. Furthermore, a new 3D fluidic one-way valve concept employing a dynamic bracing mechanism was developed, demonstrating a high diodicity of ∼1117.4 and significant reduction in back-flow from the state-of-the-art. As a result, fabricated FPA prototypes achieved tailorable experimental fluid flow rates from ∼100 to ∼3000 μL min-1 without the use of electricity. Moreover, a portable human-powered two-fluid pulsatile fluidic mixer, capable of generating fully-mixed fluids in 10 seconds, is presented, demonstrating the application of FPAs towards on-chip integration into more complex 3D printed fluidic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sweet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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22
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Dospinescu VM, Tiele A, Covington JA. Sniffing Out Urinary Tract Infection-Diagnosis Based on Volatile Organic Compounds and Smell Profile. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E83. [PMID: 32717983 PMCID: PMC7460005 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current available methods for the clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) rely on a urine dipstick test or culturing of pathogens. The dipstick test is rapid (available in 1-2 min), but has a low positive predictive value, while culturing is time-consuming and delays diagnosis (24-72 h between sample collection and pathogen identification). Due to this delay, broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed immediately. The over-prescription of antibiotics should be limited, in order to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, there is a growing need for alternative diagnostic tools. This paper reviews applications of chemical-analysis instruments, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and electronic noses (eNoses) used for the diagnosis of UTI. These methods analyse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from the headspace of collected urine samples to identify the bacterial pathogen and even determine the causative agent's resistance to different antibiotics. There is great potential for these technologies to gain wide-spread and routine use in clinical settings, since the analysis can be automated, and test results can be available within minutes after sample collection. This could significantly reduce the necessity to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics and allow the faster and more effective use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Tiele
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
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23
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Reyes S, Le N, Fuentes MD, Upegui J, Dikici E, Broyles D, Quinto E, Daunert S, Deo SK. An Intact Cell Bioluminescence-Based Assay for the Simple and Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5015. [PMID: 32708609 PMCID: PMC7404122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections, accounting for a substantial portion of outpatient hospital and clinic visits. Standard diagnosis of UTI by culture and sensitivity can take at least 48 h, and improper diagnosis can lead to an increase in antibiotic resistance following therapy. To address these shortcomings, rapid bioluminescence assays were developed and evaluated for the detection of UTI using intact, viable cells of Photobacterium mandapamensis USTCMS 1132 or previously lyophilized cells of Photobacterium leiognathi ATCC 33981™. Two platform technologies-tube bioluminescence extinction technology urine (TuBETUr) and cellphone-based UTI bioluminescence extinction technology (CUBET)-were developed and standardized using artificial urine to detect four commonly isolated UTI pathogens-namely, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Besides detection, these assays could also provide information regarding pathogen concentration/level, helping guide treatment decisions. These technologies were able to detect microbes associated with UTI at less than 105 CFU/mL, which is usually the lower cut-off limit for a positive UTI diagnosis. Among the 29 positive UTI samples yielding 105-106 CFU/mL pathogen concentrations, a total of 29 urine specimens were correctly detected by TuBETUr as UTI-positive based on an 1119 s detection window. Similarly, the rapid CUBET method was able to discriminate UTIs from normal samples with high confidence (p ≤ 0.0001), using single-pot conditions and cell phone-based monitoring. These technologies could potentially address the need for point-of-care UTI detection while reducing the possibility of antibiotic resistance associated with misdiagnosed cases of urinary tract infections, especially in low-resource environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwin Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.R.); (N.L.); (J.U.); (E.D.); (D.B.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute of University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- FEU-Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Institute of Medicine, West Fairview, Quezon City 1118, Philippines;
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Nga Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.R.); (N.L.); (J.U.); (E.D.); (D.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Mary Denneth Fuentes
- FEU-Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Institute of Medicine, West Fairview, Quezon City 1118, Philippines;
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Jonathan Upegui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.R.); (N.L.); (J.U.); (E.D.); (D.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.R.); (N.L.); (J.U.); (E.D.); (D.B.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute of University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David Broyles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.R.); (N.L.); (J.U.); (E.D.); (D.B.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute of University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Edward Quinto
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.R.); (N.L.); (J.U.); (E.D.); (D.B.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute of University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sapna K. Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.R.); (N.L.); (J.U.); (E.D.); (D.B.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute of University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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24
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Ren Y, Ji J, Sun J, Pi F, Zhang Y, Sun X. Rapid detection of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella with screen printed carbon electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Özgür E, Topçu AA, Yılmaz E, Denizli A. Surface plasmon resonance based biomimetic sensor for urinary tract infections. Talanta 2020; 212:120778. [PMID: 32113541 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tailor-made Escherichia coli (E. coli) receptors were created with microcontact imprinted technique and binding events of E. coli were carried out by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor in aqueous solution and in urine mimic in real time and label-free. N-methacryloyl-(l)-histidine methyl ester (MAH) was selected as a functional monomer to design tailor-made E. coli receptors on the polymeric film and during the formation of the polymeric film on a chip surface, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were entrapped into the polymer mixture in order to lower the detection limit of biomimetic SPR based sensor. The polymeric film was characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ellipsometer and contact angle measurements. Limit of detection (LOD) was found 0.57 CFU/mL and feasibility of the biomimetic sensor was investigated in urine mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdoğan Özgür
- Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Erkut Yılmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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26
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Yadav N, Chhillar AK, Rana JS. Detection of pathogenic bacteria with special emphasis to biosensors integrated with AuNPs. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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27
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Markowitz MA, Monti GK, Kim JH, Haake DA. Rapid diagnostic testing in the management of urinary tract infection: Potentials and limitations. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:371-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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So PK, Yang BC, Li W, Zheng J, Hu B. Development of tip-desorption electrospray ionization coupled with ion mobility-mass spectrometry for fast screening of carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Talanta 2019; 201:237-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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29
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Direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bloodstream infection on SlipChip. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 135:200-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Adaptable microfluidic system for single-cell pathogen classification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10270-10279. [PMID: 31068473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819569116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens remain one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid microbiological analysis is required for prompt treatment of bacterial infections and to facilitate antibiotic stewardship. This study reports an adaptable microfluidic system for rapid pathogen classification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) at the single-cell level. By incorporating tunable microfluidic valves along with real-time optical detection, bacteria can be trapped and classified according to their physical shape and size for pathogen classification. By monitoring their growth in the presence of antibiotics at the single-cell level, antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria can be determined in as little as 30 minutes compared with days required for standard procedures. The microfluidic system is able to detect bacterial pathogens in urine, blood cultures, and whole blood and can analyze polymicrobial samples. We pilot a study of 25 clinical urine samples to demonstrate the clinical applicability of the microfluidic system. The platform demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83.33% for pathogen classification and achieved 100% concordance for AST.
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31
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Huang Z, Xiong Z, Chen Y, Hu S, Lai W. Sensitive and Matrix-Tolerant Lateral Flow Immunoassay Based on Fluorescent Magnetic Nanobeads for the Detection of Clenbuterol in Swine Urine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3028-3036. [PMID: 30793901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lack of sensitivity and poor matrix tolerance are the main bottlenecks of the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). Here, a sensitive and matrix-tolerant method that integrated immunomagnetic separation and fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (IMS-FLFIA) based on fluorescent magnetic nanobeads was developed to detect the clenbuterol (CLE) residue in swine urine. The limit of detection (LOD) of IMS-FLFIA is 4 times lower than that of traditional colloidal gold LFIA. This method, which exhibits similar LOD and linearity range in both phosphate-buffered saline and urine swine, is highly correlated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of real swine urine samples. The result indicated that IMS-FLFIA has a universal resistance to the swine urine matrix. The merits of this assay, high sensitivity, matrix tolerance, accuracy, and specificity, ensure a promising future in detection of veterinary drug residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Song Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
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32
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Mach KE, Kaushik AM, Hsieh K, Wong PK, Wang TH, Liao JC. Optimizing peptide nucleic acid probes for hybridization-based detection and identification of bacterial pathogens. Analyst 2019; 144:1565-1574. [PMID: 30656297 PMCID: PMC7039532 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for infectious diseases have the potential to improve patient care and antibiotic stewardship. Nucleic acid hybridization is at the core of many amplification-free molecular diagnostics and detection probe configuration is key to diagnostic performance. Modified nucleic acids such as peptide nucleic acid (PNA) offer advantages compared to conventional DNA probes allowing for faster hybridization, better stability and minimal sample preparation for direct detection of pathogens. Probes with tethered fluorophore and quencher allow for solution-based assays and eliminate the need for washing steps thereby facilitating integration into microfluidic devices. Here, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of double stranded PNA probes (dsPNA) and PNA molecular beacons targeting E. coli and P. aeruginosa for direct detection of bacterial pathogens. In bulk fluid assays, the dsPNAs had an overall higher fluorescent signal and better sensitivity and specificity than the PNA beacons for pathogen detection. We further designed and tested an expanded panel of dsPNA probes for detection of a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria including probes for universal detection of eubacteria, Enterobacteriaceae family, and P. mirablis. To confirm that the advantage translated to other assay types we compared the PNA beacon and dsPNA in a prototype droplet microfluidic device. Beyond the bulk fluid assay and droplet devices, use of dsPNA probes may be advantageous in a wide variety of assays that employ homogenous nucleic acid hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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33
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Gao J, Li H, Torab P, Mach KE, Craft DW, Thomas NJ, Puleo CM, Liao JC, Wang TH, Wong PK. Nanotube assisted microwave electroporation for single cell pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:246-253. [PMID: 30794964 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A nanotube assisted microwave electroporation (NAME) technique is demonstrated for delivering molecular biosensors into viable bacteria for multiplex single cell pathogen identification to advance rapid diagnostics in clinical microbiology. Due to the small volume of a bacterial cell (~femtoliter), the intracellular concentration of the target molecule is high, which results in a strong signal for single cell detection without amplification. The NAME procedure can be completed in as little as 30 minutes and can achieve over 90% transformation efficiency. We demonstrate the feasibility of NAME for identifying clinical isolates of bloodborne and uropathogenic pathogens and detecting bacterial pathogens directly from patient's samples. In conjunction with a microfluidic single cell trapping technique, NAME allows single cell pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing concurrently. Using this approach, the time for microbiological analysis reduces from days to hours, which will have a significant impact on the clinical management of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Peter Torab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David W Craft
- Departmemt of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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34
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Kaushik AM, Hsieh K, Wang TH. Droplet microfluidics for high-sensitivity and high-throughput detection and screening of disease biomarkers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1522. [PMID: 29797414 PMCID: PMC6185786 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are nucleic acids, proteins, single cells, or small molecules in human tissues or biological fluids whose reliable detection can be used to confirm or predict disease and disease states. Sensitive detection of biomarkers is therefore critical in a variety of applications including disease diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug screening. Unfortunately for many diseases, low abundance of biomarkers in human samples and low sample volumes render standard benchtop platforms like 96-well plates ineffective for reliable detection and screening. Discretization of bulk samples into a large number of small volumes (fL-nL) via droplet microfluidic technology offers a promising solution for high-sensitivity and high-throughput detection and screening of biomarkers. Several microfluidic strategies exist for high-throughput biomarker digitization into droplets, and these strategies have been utilized by numerous droplet platforms for nucleic acid, protein, and single-cell detection and screening. While the potential of droplet-based platforms has led to burgeoning interest in droplets, seamless integration of sample preparation technologies and automation of platforms from biological sample to answer remain critical components that can render these platforms useful in the clinical setting in the near future. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
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35
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Development of a molecular serotyping scheme and a multiplexed luminex-based array for Providencia. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 153:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Jagannathan V, Viswanathan P. Proanthocyanidins-Will they effectively restrain conspicuous bacterial strains devolving on urinary tract infection? J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:567-578. [PMID: 29775211 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Struvite or infection stones are one of the major clinical burdens among urinary tract infection, which occur due to the interaction between microbes and urine mineral components. Numerous urinary tract infection (UTI) causing microbes regulate through biofilm formation for survival from host defense, it is often found difficult in its eradication with simple anti-microbial agents and also the chance of recurrence and resistance development is significantly high. Cranberry consumption and maintenance of urinary tract health have been supported by clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic studies. It predominantly contains proanthocyanidins that belong to the class of polyphenols with repeating catechin and epicatechin monomeric units. Numerous studies have correlated proanthocyanidin consumption and prevention of bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cells. Quorum sensing (QS) is the prime mechanism that drives bacteria to coordinate biofilm development and virulence expression. Reports have shown that proanthocyanidins are effective in disrupting cell-cell communication by quenching signal molecules. Overall, this review assesses the merits of proanthocyanidins and its effective oppression on adherence, motility, QS, and biofilm formation of major UTI strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis by comparing and evaluating results from many significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataseshan Jagannathan
- Renal Research Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Centre for Bio Medical Research, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Centre for Bio Medical Research, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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37
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Jagannathan V, Viswanathan P. Proanthocyanidins-Will they effectively restrain conspicuous bacterial strains devolving on urinary tract infection? J Basic Microbiol 2018. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkataseshan Jagannathan
- Renal Research Lab; School of Bio Sciences and Technology; Vellore Institute of Technology; Centre for Bio Medical Research; Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab; School of Bio Sciences and Technology; Vellore Institute of Technology; Centre for Bio Medical Research; Vellore Tamil Nadu India
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38
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Kaushik AM, Hsieh K, Chen L, Shin DJ, Liao JC, Wang TH. Accelerating bacterial growth detection and antimicrobial susceptibility assessment in integrated picoliter droplet platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 97:260-266. [PMID: 28609716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There remains an urgent need for rapid diagnostic methods that can evaluate antibiotic resistance for pathogenic bacteria in order to deliver targeted antibiotic treatments. Toward this end, we present a rapid and integrated single-cell biosensing platform, termed dropFAST, for bacterial growth detection and antimicrobial susceptibility assessment. DropFAST utilizes a rapid resazurin-based fluorescent growth assay coupled with stochastic confinement of bacteria in 20 pL droplets to detect signal from growing bacteria after 1h incubation, equivalent to 2-3 bacterial replications. Full integration of droplet generation, incubation, and detection into a single, uninterrupted stream also renders this platform uniquely suitable for in-line bacterial phenotypic growth assessment. To illustrate the concept of rapid digital antimicrobial susceptibility assessment, we employ the dropFAST platform to evaluate the antibacterial effect of gentamicin on E. coli growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha M Kaushik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liben Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong Jin Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. S-287, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, USA.
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39
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Voltammetric determination of the Escherichia coli DNA using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with polyaniline and gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:217. [PMID: 29594544 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe an electrochemical assay for fast detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). It is based on a dual signal amplification strategy and the use of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) whose surface was modified with a polyaniline (PANI) film and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via cyclic voltammetry (CV). In the next step, avidin was covalently immobilized on the PANI/AuNP composite on the SPCE surface. Subsequently, the biotinylated DNA capture probe was immobilized onto the PANI/AuNP/avidin-modified SPCE by biotin-avidin interaction. Then, DNA of E.coli, digoxigenin-labeled DNA detector probe and anti-digoxigenin-labeled horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were placed on the electrode. 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 solution were added and the CV electrochemical signal was generated at a potential of -0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a scan rate 50 mV.s-1. The assay can detect 4 × 106 to 4 CFU of E. coli without DNA amplification. The biosensor is highly specific over other pathogens including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It can be concluded that this genosensor has an excellent potential for rapid and accurate diagnosis of E.coli inflicted infections. Graphical Abstract Schematic of an electrochemical E. coli genosensor based on sandwich assay on a polyaniline/gold nanoparticle-modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The biosensor can detect 4 × 106 to 4 CFU of E. coli without DNA amplification.
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Kurundu Hewage EMK, Spear D, Umstead TM, Hu S, Wang M, Wong PK, Chroneos ZC, Halstead ES, Thomas NJ. An Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Pediatric Bloodstream Infections. SLAS Technol 2017; 22:616-625. [PMID: 28850805 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317727704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream infections are major contributing factors of morbidity and mortality among children. Precise and timely identification of causative agents can improve the clinical management and outcome of the infection, potentially saving lives. Electrochemical biosensors previously described by Gao et al. (2017) have the potential to deliver greater speed and discrimination. However, to date there are no data that determine whether the age of the host would cause bacteria to demonstrate different growth characteristics, or whether pediatric samples would behave differently using this electrochemical biosensor. The importance of this knowledge gap is clear: the preclinical testing phase of this line of research is limited by the relative lack of pediatric healthy blood volunteers to complete this work. Therefore, in this study we have applied this novel technology to diagnose bacteria spiked into pediatric blood and compared directly with adult blood samples. Only 180 µL of blood was utilized from both adult and pediatric volunteers and inoculated with Escherichia coli 67, and the signals generated at different time points were compared. We were able to demonstrate that the signals generated by adult and pediatric blood were not significantly different with this detection technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eranda M K Kurundu Hewage
- 1 Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Debbie Spear
- 2 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- 1 Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- 1 Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- 1 Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - E Scott Halstead
- 1 Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,2 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neal J Thomas
- 1 Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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41
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Olanrewaju AO, Ng A, DeCorwin-Martin P, Robillard A, Juncker D. Microfluidic Capillaric Circuit for Rapid and Facile Bacteria Detection. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6846-6853. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayokunle Oluwafemi Olanrewaju
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Genome Quebec and
McGill
University Innovation Centre, McGill University, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Andy Ng
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Genome Quebec and
McGill
University Innovation Centre, McGill University, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Philippe DeCorwin-Martin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Genome Quebec and
McGill
University Innovation Centre, McGill University, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Alessandra Robillard
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Genome Quebec and
McGill
University Innovation Centre, McGill University, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Genome Quebec and
McGill
University Innovation Centre, McGill University, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
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Davenport M, Mach KE, Shortliffe LMD, Banaei N, Wang TH, Liao JC. New and developing diagnostic technologies for urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:296-310. [PMID: 28248946 PMCID: PMC5473291 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Timely and accurate identification and determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens is central to the management of UTIs. Urine dipsticks are fast and amenable to point-of-care testing, but do not have adequate diagnostic accuracy or provide microbiological diagnosis. Urine culture with antimicrobial susceptibility testing takes 2-3 days and requires a clinical laboratory. The common use of empirical antibiotics has contributed to the rise of multidrug-resistant organisms, reducing treatment options and increasing costs. In addition to improved antimicrobial stewardship and the development of new antimicrobials, novel diagnostics are needed for timely microbial identification and determination of antimicrobial susceptibilities. New diagnostic platforms, including nucleic acid tests and mass spectrometry, have been approved for clinical use and have improved the speed and accuracy of pathogen identification from primary cultures. Optimization for direct urine testing would reduce the time to diagnosis, yet these technologies do not provide comprehensive information on antimicrobial susceptibility. Emerging technologies including biosensors, microfluidics, and other integrated platforms could improve UTI diagnosis via direct pathogen detection from urine samples, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and point-of-care testing. Successful development and implementation of these technologies has the potential to usher in an era of precision medicine to improve patient care and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Davenport
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive S-287, Stanford, California 94305 USA
| | - Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive S-287, Stanford, California 94305 USA
| | - Linda M Dairiki Shortliffe
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive S-287, Stanford, California 94305 USA
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3375 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Departments of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive S-287, Stanford, California 94305 USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 USA
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Premasiri WR, Chen Y, Williamson PM, Bandarage DC, Pyles C, Ziegler LD. Rapid urinary tract infection diagnostics by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): identification and antibiotic susceptibilities. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3043-3054. [PMID: 28235996 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
SERS spectra of 12 bacterial strains of urinary tract infection (UTI) clinical isolates grown and enriched from urine are reported. A partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification treatment of these SERS spectra results in strain level identification with >95% sensitivity and >99% specificity. The classification model successfully identified the SERS spectra of a urine-cultured strain not used to build this statistical model. Enrichment was accomplished by a filtration and centrifugation protocol. The predetermined drug susceptibility profiles of these clinical isolates thus allowed the SERS methodology to provide appropriate UTI antibiotic information in less than 1 h. Most of this time was used for sample preparation procedures (enrichment and washing) for this proof of principle study. SERS spectra of the enriched bacterial samples are dominated by nucleotide degradation metabolites: adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, guanine, uric acid, AMP, and guanosine. Strain-specific specificity is due to the different relative amounts of these purines contributing to the corresponding SERS spectra of these clinical isolates. All measurements were made at the minimal bacterial concentration in urine for UTI diagnosis (105 cfu/mL). Graphical abstract The relative contribution of each of the seven purines found to contribute to the bacterial SERS spectra are summarized in this bar graph. Although strain specific differences are evident, it can be see how the pattern of contributing purines is more different between the four species than between strains of a given species.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Premasiri
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - P M Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - D C Bandarage
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - C Pyles
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - L D Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Gao J, Jeffries L, Mach KE, Craft DW, Thomas NJ, Gau V, Liao JC, Wong PK. A Multiplex Electrochemical Biosensor for Bloodstream Infection Diagnosis. SLAS Technol 2016; 22:466-474. [PMID: 27226118 DOI: 10.1177/2211068216651232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and timely detection of bacterial pathogens will improve the clinical management of infections. Herein, we demonstrate an electrochemical biosensor that directly detects bacteria in human blood samples, resulting in the rapid diagnosis of a bloodstream infection. The multiplex biosensor detects the species-specific sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA of bacteria for pathogen identification in physiological samples without preamplification. The analytical performance characteristics of the biosensor, including the limit of detection and probe cross-reactivity, are evaluated systematically. The feasibility of the biosensor for a diagnosis of a bloodstream infection is demonstrated by identifying bacterial clinical isolates spiked in whole blood and blood culture samples that were tested positive for bacteria. The electrochemical biosensor correctly identifies all the species in the samples with 100% concordance to microbiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lindsie Jeffries
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kathleen E Mach
- 3 Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David W Craft
- 4 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neal J Thomas
- 5 Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Liao
- 3 Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,8 Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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45
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Xiao Y, Lu Y, Hsieh M, Liao J, Wong PK. A Microfiltration Device for Urogenital Schistosomiasis Diagnostics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154640. [PMID: 27124499 PMCID: PMC4849660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting over 200 million people worldwide. This study reports the design and development of a microfiltration device for isolating schistosome eggs in urine for rapid diagnostics of urogenital schistosomiasis. The design of the device comprises a linear array of microfluidic traps to immobilize and separate schistosome eggs. Sequential loading of individual eggs is achieved autonomously by flow resistance, which facilitates observation and enumeration of samples with low-abundance targets. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and experimental characterization are performed to optimize the trapping performance. By optimizing the capture strategy, the trapping efficiency could be achieved at 100% with 300 μl/min and 83% with 3000 μl/min, and the filtration procedure could be finished within 10 min. The trapped eggs can be either recovered for downstream analysis or preserved in situ for whole-mount staining. On-chip phenotyping using confocal laser fluorescence microscopy identifies the microstructure of the trapped schistosome eggs. The device provides a novel microfluidic approach for trapping, counting and on-chip fluorescence characterization of urinal Schistosoma haematobium eggs for clinical and investigative application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Michael Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Liao
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Altobelli E, Mohan R, Mach KE, Sin MLY, Anikst V, Buscarini M, Wong PK, Gau V, Banaei N, Liao JC. Integrated Biosensor Assay for Rapid Uropathogen Identification and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 3:293-299. [PMID: 28753748 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) via urine culture for pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) takes 2-3 d. This delay results in empiric treatment and contributes to the misuse of antibiotics and the rise of resistant pathogens. A rapid diagnostic test for UTI may improve patient care and antibiotic stewardship. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an integrated biosensor assay for UTI diagnosis, including pathogen ID and AST, with determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ciprofloxacin. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Urine samples positive for Enterobacteriaceae (n=84) or culture-negative (n=23) were obtained from the Stanford Clinical Microbiology Laboratory between November 2013 and September 2014. Each sample was diluted and cultured for 5h with and without ciprofloxacin, followed by quantitative detection of bacterial 16S rRNA using a single electrochemical biosensor array functionalized with a panel of complementary DNA probes. Pathogen ID was determined using universal bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae (EB), and pathogen-specific probes. Phenotypic AST with ciprofloxacin MIC was determined using an EB probe to measure 16S rRNA levels as a function of bacterial growth. MEASUREMENTS Electrochemical signals for pathogen ID at 6 SD over background were considered positive. An MIC signal of 0.4 log units lower than the no-antibiotic control indicated sensitivity. Results were compared to clinical microbiology reports. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS For pathogen ID, the assay had 98.5% sensitivity, 96.6% specificity, 93.0% positive predictive value, and 99.3% negative predictive value. For ciprofloxacin MIC the categorical and essential agreement was 97.6%. Further automation, testing of additional pathogens and antibiotics, and a full prospective study will be necessary for translation to clinical use. CONCLUSIONS The integrated biosensor platform achieved microbiological results including MIC comparable to standard culture in a significantly shorter assay time. Further assay automation will allow clinical translation for rapid molecular diagnosis of UTI. PATIENT SUMMARY We have developed and validated a biosensor test for rapid diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Clinical translation of this device has the potential to significantly expedite and improve treatment of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Altobelli
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Urology, Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruchika Mohan
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mandy Lai Yi Sin
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Anikst
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Niaz Banaei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Voitechovič E, Bratov A, Abramova N, Razumienė J, Kirsanov D, Legin A, Lakshmi D, Piletsky S, Whitcombe M, Ivanova-Mitseva P. Development of label-free impedimetric platform based on new conductive polyaniline polymer and three-dimensional interdigitated electrode array for biosensor applications. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Mistry KK, Layek K, Mahapatra A, RoyChaudhuri C, Saha H. A review on amperometric-type immunosensors based on screen-printed electrodes. Analyst 2015; 139:2289-311. [PMID: 24678518 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this brief review, we summarize the recent research activities involved in the development of amperometric-type immunosensors based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). We focus on the underlying principle involved in these types of sensors, their fabrication and electrode surface modification. We also discuss the various factors involved in the designing of such immunosensors and how they affect their performances. Finally we provide an insight into the drawbacks associated with these SPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Kumar Mistry
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M. G. Avenue, Durgapur-713209, India.
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Electrochemical detection of synthetic DNA and native 16S rRNA fragments on a microarray using a biotinylated intercalator as coupling site for an enzyme label. Talanta 2015; 143:19-26. [PMID: 26078123 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The direct electrochemical detection of synthetic DNA and native 16S rRNA fragments isolated from Escherichia coli is described. Oligonucleotides are detected via selective post-labeling of double stranded DNA and DNA-RNA duplexes with a biotinylated intercalator that enables high-specific binding of a streptavidin/alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The alkaline phosphatase catalyzes formation of p-aminophenol that is subsequently oxidized at the underlying gold electrode and hence enables the detection of complementary hybridization of the DNA capture strands due to the enzymatic signal amplification. The hybridization assay was performed on microarrays consisting of 32 individually addressable gold microelectrodes. Synthetic DNA strands with sequences representing six different pathogens which are important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections could be detected at concentrations of 60 nM. Native 16S rRNA isolated from the different pathogens could be detected at a concentration of 30 fM. Optimization of the sensing surface is described and influences on the assay performance are discussed.
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50
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Dong T, Zhao X. Rapid identification and susceptibility testing of uropathogenic microbes via immunosorbent ATP-bioluminescence assay on a microfluidic simulator for antibiotic therapy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2410-8. [PMID: 25584656 DOI: 10.1021/ac504428t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of pathogen identification with antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was implemented on a concept microfluidic simulator, which is well suited for personalizing antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The microfluidic device employs a fiberglass membrane sandwiched between two polypropylene components, with capture antibodies immobilized on the membrane. The chambers in the microfluidic device share the same geometric distribution as the wells in a standard 384-well microplate, resulting in compatibility with common microplate readers. Thirteen types of common uropathogenic microbes were selected as the analytes in this study. The microbes can be specifically captured by various capture antibodies and then quantified via an ATP bioluminescence assay (ATP-BLA) either directly or after a variety of follow-up tests, including urine culture, antibiotic treatment, and personalized antibiotic therapy simulation. Owing to the design of the microfluidic device, as well as the antibody specificity and the ATP-BLA sensitivity, the simulator was proven to be able to identify UTI pathogen species in artificial urine samples within 20 min and to reliably and simultaneously verify the antiseptic effects of eight antibiotic drugs within 3-6 h. The measurement range of the device spreads from 1 × 10(3) to 1 × 10(5) cells/mL in urine samples. We envision that the medical simulator might be broadly employed in UTI treatment and could serve as a model for the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Institute of Applied Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Detection, Control and Integrated System, Chongqing Technology and Business University , Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
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